Resolução do capitulo 16 - Stoecker - Refrigeração e ar condicionado CHAPTER 16 - MULTI PRESSURE SYSTEMS 16-1 A cylindrical tank 2 m long mounted with its axis horizontal is to separate liquid am...Descripción completa
dfoDescripción completa
RC 16 PlatesFull description
Descripción: MN
UTP PanamáDescripción completa
ASTM standardFull description
ASTM
Chapter 16
Haspel-Back
Was Satan (Iblis) from the jinn, if so why was he among the angels? Thu, 10/09/009 ! 0"#1" $ a%am&nawa' a'%irSen% to frien% *rief +esri-tion of the .uestion# ssalamu laium, lmighty llah state% that e has reate% only the humans an% the jinn for testing& oweer, when e omman%e% the angels to -rostrate to %am, Iblis, who was from the jinn lan, o--ose% him& lthough the jinn are subjet to testing, what is the wis%om of a jinn being among the angels, then? The nswer# Satan is not an angel but a jinn& 2ie the human beings, the jinn hae been gien the free%om of obeying or %isobeying by their will& � e e3-lains why Satan was also inlu%e% in the omman% of � 4rostration before %am together with the angels although he was not one of the angels, as follows# � When llah 5ost 63alte% omman%e% angels to -rostrate before %am, Satan was also inlu%e% in this omman%& 7or although he was not of their in%, he resemble% them an% -erforme% their %ee%s& Therefore, Satan was also ounte% as a%%ressee to this omman% whih was %irete% to angels& n% he was on%emne% beause he %i% not fulfill fulfill the omman% omman%& &� ("8) ("8) Ibn asir, 1/1""&
Iblis, the nestor of the :inn an% the Satans Seeral o-inions hae been -ut forwar% about who the anestor of the jinn an% the satans was& s s it was mentione% mentione% before, it was state% that � :ann� mentione% mentione% in the surahs (ha-ter of the oly .ur;an) ar!uent jinn ame into e3istene from his generation& oweer, it is not the ommonly ae-te% o-inion& s we hae in%iate% briefly while mentioning the meanings of those names, as we tae the relate% ayahs (erses) of the .ur� an an% the ha%iths ha%iths (sayings (sayings or tra%itions tra%itions of the 4ro-het 4ro-het 5uhamma%)as 5uhamma%)as a base, the o-inion that Iblis is the anestor of the jinn an% the satans is more ae-table& Therefore, we name% the hea%ing as � Iblis, the nhestor of the :inn an% the Satans Satans� an% we will %isuss the the subjet subjet from that that -oint of iew& In a%%ition, so to s-ea, we will follow a hronologial or%er while we %isuss the subjet& ) T6 <6TI@= @7 I*2IS In two -laes -laes in the =oble =oble .ur� an, it is state% state% that that Iblis was was reate% from fire(1)& When he was omman%e% to -rostrate before %am (-eae be u-on him), he in%iate% his essene, namely the thing he was reate% from an% sai% � ou %i% reate reate me me from from fire fire, , an% an% him him from from lay lay& &� (the (the .ur .ur� an, The eights eights (l!r (l!r� f)A 1 (B# (B# 1) an% Sa%A B8 ("C# B8)) as the reason of why he ha% not -rostrate% before %am& Those wor%s, whih lmighty llah narrates us as the wor%s of Satan, inform us about the reation of Iblis& In two two -la -laes es in in the the .ur .ur� an, it is is state% state% that � :ann� was reate% reate% from fire& fire& The The ayah �n% he reat reate% e% the the jinn jinns s from from maari maarij j of fire� (.ur� an, The 5ost *enefi *enefiient ient (r!
Ibn bbas (may llah be -lease% with him) that e3-ression means � the most beautiful an% the -ure fire&� or%ing to 5ujahi%, it is the yellow!greenish flame rising when a fire is an%le%(")& lusi e3-lains it as � the smoeless -ure flame� (E)& If it is notie%, all of those signify almost the same meaning& �s
lmighty llah state% that e ha% reate% human from %ry lay, that is, -ure, juiy mu%& e also state% that :ann ha% been reate% from -ure fire& If it is ase% how the wor% maarij an be sai% to hae the meaning � mi3e%� although it also has the meaning � -ure� , the answer is as follows# � When the fire is strong, its flames rise an% mi3 with eah other to the u-most leel an% they beome one!-iee just lie well mi3e% mu% whose -iees are blen%e% with eah other in a faorable an% harmoni way an% an not be %istinguishe% from eah other& That situation an also be obsere% in a well flame% oen& If some woo%s are thrown into the fire, it ignites them imme%iately& In the same way, the � maarij� that the jinns hae been reate% from is a fire whose -arts hae been mi3e% with eah other an% hae beome one -iee an% the smoe of that fire, flame an% -arts burning on the groun% annot be %istinguishe% from eah other&� (D) In the seon% ayah about this subjet, lmighty llah states the reation of the two in%s of beings an% e says# � We reate% man from soun%ing lay, from mu% mol%e% into sha-e& n% the jinn We reate% before, from the fire of samum&� (the .ur�an, The
the jinn an% their anestor, Iblis& tually, if it is notie%, in the last ayah, as the reation of man from lay an% the reation of :ann from fire are e3-laine% as if two in%s of beings are mentione%& 2ie asan *asri, Tabari is of the o-inion that Iblis is the anestor of the jinn an% :ann here refers to Iblis&(1D) Some im-ortant ommentators suh as 5u>atil, .ata%a an% ta are also of the same o-inion& Ibn bbas (may llah be -lease% with him) is also of the same o-inion an% the relation oming from him � :ann is the anestor of the jinn� (18) %oes not -ut a %ifferent o-inion forwar%A it shows that :ann is Iblis at the same time& With a %ifferent o-inion, although some -ersons say �:inn are a %ifferent in% from satans� , as it is seen, the true o-inion most of the sholars ae-t is that satans are of the same in% with jinn an% the unbelieing jinn are alle% as satans(1B)& We an a%%ue some ha%iths as -roofs for the sameness of Iblis an% :ann# In a relation oming from a'rat isha (may llah be -lease% with her), the 5essenger of llah (-buh) sai%# � The angels were reate% from light, :ann was reate% from the flame of fire an% %am was reate% from the thing that was tol% you (in the .ur�an)�(1C)& In the ha%ith Ibn 5ar%uya relate% from our mother a'rat isha, it was tol% � llah reate% the angels from the light of the ThroneA :ann from the flame of fireA an% %am from the thing tol% you (in the .ur� an)&� (19) In the ha%iths lie that, as %am, the anestor of the humans, was substitute% instea% of �human� , then Iblis, who was the anestor of that in% an% who was mentione% with his lear name in the -reious ayahs, an be use% instea% of � :ann� (0)& tually, in the .ur� an where a'rat %am is mentione%, Iblis is mentione% just besi%e him as the in% o--onent to him& The situation is the same also in the ha%iths& oweer, as it is seen, it ha--ens sometimes by the name Iblis, sometimes by the name :ann an% sometimes by the attribute satan& Those e3-lanations %isussing the reation of those two in%s in a om-aratie way also seem to be interesting# � In terms of the jinn, :ann is lie %am in res-et to the humans& s the former of our in% was reate% from � salsal� , namely, from -ure, %ry lay an% the ones oming after him were reate% from his offs-ringA the first jinn was reate% from fire, an% his %esen%ants oming after him were reate% from �maarij� , namely from -ure fire&� (1) *) T6 7Iuestioning was also the same for Iblis& There was not any -roblem in res-et to Iblis in that -oint& If there ha% been, he woul% hae rebelle% just at that time& When lmighty llah reate% %am (-eae be u-on him) an% fashione% him, e omman%e% is angels to -rostrate before him (.ur� an, The eights (l!r� f)A 11 (B# 11))& That omman% also inlu%e% Iblis who ha% been reate% before an% who was with the angels& Iblis was aware of it& ll angels obeye% llah� s omman% an% -rostrate% before %am& oweer, Iblis %i% not obey llah� s omman% an% he rebelle%& lmighty llah remin%s it an% e states# � n% when We sai% unto the angels# 7all %own -rostrate before %am an% they fell -rostrate all sae Iblis,� (the.ur� an, The :ourney *y =ight (l!Isra)A 81 (1B# 81)) � e refuse%� (the .ur� an, Ta!a)A 118 (0# 118))& The rebellion of Iblis is re-eate% an% em-hasi'e% in seen -arts in the =oble .ur�an beause it is a ery im-ortant eent in the history of the reate% things
an% for the human beings# The erses � *ehol% thy 2or% sai% to the angels# I am about to reate man, from soun%ing lay from mu% mol%e% into sha-eA when I hae fashione% him (in %ue -ro-ortion) an% breathe% into him of my s-irit, fall you %own in obeisane unto him& So the angels -rostrate% themseles, all of them together# =ot so Iblis# he refuse% to be among those who -rostrate% themseles&� (the .ur� an, The
when We sai% unto the angels# 4rostrate yourseles before %am, they fell -rostrate, all sae Iblis& e %emurre% through -ri%e, an% so beame a %isbelieer&� (.ur�an, The ow (l!*a>ara)A "E (# "E)A Sa� %A BE ("C# BE)), namely, he was one of those whose rebellion an% unbelief in the future hae been nown in llah� s -re! eternal nowle%ge or he was from that unbelieing nation that ha% lie% on the earth before the reation of %am an% ha% been %estroye% sine they ha% -lotte% mishief on the earth&� ()& or%ing to another strong ommentary, � lthough he ha% not been an unbelieer before, he beame from the unbelieers by getting -rou% an% not -rostrating&� (") Thus, aor%ing to most of the sholars, he was the first one who rebelle% against llah an% showe% unbelief, namely, who ate% ungratefully (E) beause, his rebellion by %isobeying llah� s omman% an% his beoming haughty an% arrogant before llah was infi%elity(D)& Was Iblis an angel? Was Iblis one of the angels, namely, was his %isobe%iene to that omman% %irete% to the angels regar%e% as a rebellion %ue to the fat that he was an angel? It is one of the subjets on whih %ifferent o-inions hae been -ut forwar% by the Islami sholars& The relate% ayahs show that all the angels were omman%e% to -rostrateA all of them obeye% an% only Iblis %i% not obey an% he was � e3e-tional� from the ones who obeye% the omman%& If we onsi%er the lear meaning of the ayahs, Iblis shoul% be regar%e% as an angel regar%ing that � e3e-tion� as � ontinuous e3e-tion� with the tehnial e3-ression(8)& That is, for e3am-le, if you say � umans are serious sinners e3e-t the -ro-hets�� , you em-hasi'e that the -ro-hets are also inlusie of humans but they are at a %ifferent ran& Thus, in that way, if the things e3e-te% an% the things not e3e-te% are from the same in%, it is alle% �ontinuous e3e-tion� & or%ing to it, when you say � The angels -rostrate% e3e-t Iblis&&�, at the first glane, it means � So, Iblis was from the angels� & In the Surah ahf, lmighty llah says � n% (remember) when We sai% unto the angels# 7all -rostrate before %am, an% they fell -rostrate, all sae Ibis& e was of the :inn, so he rebelle% against his 2or%;s omman%�� (the .ur� an, The ae (l! ahf)A D0 (1C# D0)) an% shows that suh a meaning is wrongA again by the tehnial e3-ression, the e3e-tion here is � se-arate% e3e-tion� , namely, the thing e3e-te% an% the things not e3e-te% are two %ifferent in%s of beings& 7or e3am-le, it is from the in% of the e3e-tion in the sentene � The illagers ame but their %oneys %i% not ome&� 2iewise, in that erse, it is state% that Iblis broe the omman% of llah& In other erses about the angels, it is informe% that the angels neer brea llah � s omman%s& *esi%es, the last sentene of the erse alrea%y in%iates the soure of his %isobe%iene against llah� s omman%& Islami sholars hae ma%e seeral e3-lanations about that subjet an% they hae
inter-rete% the ayahs %ifferently sine some of the wor%s hae %ifferent meanings at the same time# While some of them state% that Iblis was the anestor of the jinn in%, some others state% that � e was an angel but he beame an unbelieer by rebelling llah� , � man beoming an unbelieer %oes not get out of the nature of being a humanA similarly, Satan %i% not get out of the angel nature whih was ma%e of fire&� (B) or%ing to a relation oming from Ibn bbas (may llah be -lease% with him), �Iblis was from a lan of the angels& It was a lan that was alle% as jinn an% was reate% from the burning fire& The name of Iblis was � aris� then an% he was one of the guar%s of 4arasa%ise& The angels e3e-t that lan were reate% from light&� gain, aor%ing to another relation from Ibn bbas (may llah be -lease% with him), � The name of Iblis was � 'a'il� an% he use% to lie on the earth& e was one of the strongest of the angels in terms of nowle%ge an% intelligene&� (C) The first resi%ents of the earth were the jinn& The jinn stirre% u- trouble on earth an% they she% bloo%& lmighty llah sent Iblis in the lea%ershi- of an army from the angels against them& Iblis %efeate% that unruly beings with his army an% e3ile% them to the islan%s an% foots of the hills& Iblis an% his army onsisting of the angels settle% %own on the %eelo-e% an% -ro%utie -laes of the earth (9)& fter -erforming that ation, he beame -rou% of himself by thining � I suee%e% something that nobo%y has suee%e% before&� ertainly, lmighty llah was aware of his -ri%e& oweer, the angels with him %i% not now about it& When lmighty llah tol% the angels that he woul% mae a ali-h on the earth, they ase% � Will you mae a being who will mae mishief an% she% bloo% there as before the jinns %i%? We were sent against them before beause of that&� lmighty llah sai% �I now what you %o not now&� =amely, e sai% � I now that arrogane an% the -rou% e3isting in the heart of Iblis whih you %o not now&� Then, lmighty llah or%ere% the %ust of %am to be brought& The %ust was brought an% llah reate% %am� %am waite% for forty nights as a lifeless statue thrown to a -lae& Iblis a--roahe% his lifeless statue seeral times, he ie% it with his foot an% -ro%ue% soun% from himA he blew insi%e him as if -uffing insi%e a ree%A he entere% insi%e him from his mouth an% ame out from his baA he was entere% insi%e him from his ba an% ame out from his mouth& e sai% to that %ry lay � ou are nothing& If I -ester you, I bring to ruin you& If you -ester me, I will not listen you��("0) In a relation re-orte% by Ibn bbas an% Ibn 5as� u% (may llah be -lease% with them), it is state% � Iblis was harge% of the management of the first heaen an% the earth an% he belonge% to a lan of the angels alle% jinn& That lan was name% as �jinn� sine they were harge% of guar%ing 4ara%ise& 7or this reason, Iblis was one of the guar%s of 4ara%ise&� ("1) In those relations, it is e3-resse% that Iblis is from the jinn an% jinn are a in% of the angels& lthough those relations sole the -roblem of the a--arent ontra%ition between the e3-ression � e was of the :inn, so he rebelle% against his 2or%;s omman%� whih was shown as the rebellion reason of Iblis an% his being an a%%ressee of the -rostration omman% %irete% to the angels, they %o not seem to be strong enough sine they strain the relate% ayahs ery muh& We want to intro%ue the %ifferent e3-lanations an% the result from the -oint iew of 7ahru%%in
that ayah, lmighty llah sai% that Iblis was from the jinn& The sholars hae three e3-lanations about the issue# 1) Iblis was from the angels& is being from the angels is not ontra%itory to his being from the jinn at the same time� beause a lan from the angels was alle% as