U.M.R.P.S.F.X.CH.
UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR, REAL Y PONTIFICIA DE SAN FRANCISCO XAVIER DE CHUQUISACA
FACULTAD DE
TECNOLOGIA
SIMULACION DE
PROCESOS
INDUSTRIALES II CARRERA:
ING. QUIMICA
DOCENTE:
I NG .
VILLARPANDO
UNIVERSITARIOS:
ARUQUIPA VAZQUEZ VAZQUEZ CELSA CE LSA FLORES CHAMOSO BLANCA CHIRI CHOQUE JESSICA YUJRA TAPIA TAPIA DANIEL
Sucre - Bo!"!#, $%&'
RESUMEN
WILFREDO
U.M.R.P.S.F.X.CH.
El prese!e pr"#e$!" re%l&'%(" p%r% l% ")!e$&* (e e!&le" % p%r!&r (e e!%" # pr"p%" +,e (&se-%(" %!e l% %l!% (e%(% (el e!&le" # pr"p&le" /pl0s!&$"s1 ,# ,s%("s e !"(" el ,(". L% pl%!% +,e (&se-%(% %pl&$%(" %l2,"s $""$&&e!"s (e !er"(&0&$%3 )%l%$es (e %!er&% # eer24%3 Oper%$&"es U&!%r&%s. L% %!er&% pr&% se ")!e(r0 (e l% PLANTA DE SEPARACI(N GRAN CHACO 5,e es ,% (e l%s 0s 2r%(es (e A6r&$% L%!&%3 $"" el e!%" p%r% l% Pl%!% (e E!&le" # P"l&e!&le" /pl0s!&$"s )l%("s1 # pr"p%" p%r% l% pl%!% (e Pr"p&le" # P"l&pr"p&le" /pl0s!&$"s /pl0s!&$"s (,r"s1. P"r ell"3 e es!% &7es!&2%$&* (es%rr"ll%(% ,es!r" ")8e!&7" es l% ")!e$&* (e e!&le" % p%r!&r (e e!%" # pr"p%"3 p"r5,e el e!&le" es ,% %!er&% pr&% (e &p"r!%$&% # (e%(%(% p%r% l% pr"(,$$&* (e p"l&e!&le" (e %l!% # )%8% (es&(%(. Gr%$&%s Gr%$&%s %l s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& Pe!r"9S& # l%s $"(&$&"es (e "per%$&* "per%$&* &7es!&2%(%s &7es!&2%(%s p%r% $%(% e5,&p"3 "s per&!&* ")!eer e!&le" %l ::3;<= (e p,re'% # pr"p&le" $" ,% p,re'% (el :>.?@=. E pr&er l,2%r el e!%" # pr"p%" es %l&e!%(" % , "r" e ("(e se pr"(,$e el e!&le" # pr"p&le" $" %l2,"s $"p,es!"s3 p"s!er&"re!e p%s% p"r , e+r&%("r
p%r% )%8%r l%
!eper%!,r% (e es!"s $"p,es!"s3 (esp,6s p%s% p"r ; e!%p%s (e $"pres&* p%r% ele7%r l% pres&* # +&%le!e se lle7% % ,% $"l,% (ese!%&'%("r%3 $"l,% (ese!%&'%("r%3 $"l,% (espr"p%&'%("r%3 C"l,% +r%$$&"%("r% e!%"E!&le" ("(e se sep%r% el e!%" (el e!&le"3 C"l,% Fr%$$&"%("r% Pr"p%"Pr"p&le" e ("(e se ")!&ee pr"p%" # pr"p&le" $" %l!% p,re'
U.M.R.P.S.F.X.CH.
El prese!e pr"#e$!" re%l&'%(" p%r% l% ")!e$&* (e e!&le" % p%r!&r (e e!%" # pr"p%" +,e (&se-%(" %!e l% %l!% (e%(% (el e!&le" # pr"p&le" /pl0s!&$"s1 ,# ,s%("s e !"(" el ,(". L% pl%!% +,e (&se-%(% %pl&$%(" %l2,"s $""$&&e!"s (e !er"(&0&$%3 )%l%$es (e %!er&% # eer24%3 Oper%$&"es U&!%r&%s. L% %!er&% pr&% se ")!e(r0 (e l% PLANTA DE SEPARACI(N GRAN CHACO 5,e es ,% (e l%s 0s 2r%(es (e A6r&$% L%!&%3 $"" el e!%" p%r% l% Pl%!% (e E!&le" # P"l&e!&le" /pl0s!&$"s )l%("s1 # pr"p%" p%r% l% pl%!% (e Pr"p&le" # P"l&pr"p&le" /pl0s!&$"s /pl0s!&$"s (,r"s1. P"r ell"3 e es!% &7es!&2%$&* (es%rr"ll%(% ,es!r" ")8e!&7" es l% ")!e$&* (e e!&le" % p%r!&r (e e!%" # pr"p%"3 p"r5,e el e!&le" es ,% %!er&% pr&% (e &p"r!%$&% # (e%(%(% p%r% l% pr"(,$$&* (e p"l&e!&le" (e %l!% # )%8% (es&(%(. Gr%$&%s Gr%$&%s %l s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& Pe!r"9S& # l%s $"(&$&"es (e "per%$&* "per%$&* &7es!&2%(%s &7es!&2%(%s p%r% $%(% e5,&p"3 "s per&!&* ")!eer e!&le" %l ::3;<= (e p,re'% # pr"p&le" $" ,% p,re'% (el :>.?@=. E pr&er l,2%r el e!%" # pr"p%" es %l&e!%(" % , "r" e ("(e se pr"(,$e el e!&le" # pr"p&le" $" %l2,"s $"p,es!"s3 p"s!er&"re!e p%s% p"r , e+r&%("r
p%r% )%8%r l%
!eper%!,r% (e es!"s $"p,es!"s3 (esp,6s p%s% p"r ; e!%p%s (e $"pres&* p%r% ele7%r l% pres&* # +&%le!e se lle7% % ,% $"l,% (ese!%&'%("r%3 $"l,% (ese!%&'%("r%3 $"l,% (espr"p%&'%("r%3 C"l,% +r%$$&"%("r% e!%"E!&le" ("(e se sep%r% el e!%" (el e!&le"3 C"l,% Fr%$$&"%("r% Pr"p%"Pr"p&le" e ("(e se ")!&ee pr"p%" # pr"p&le" $" %l!% p,re'
SIMBOLOG)A
•
E$. e$,%$&*
•
P3 Pres&* /P%1
•
•
´ F 3 +,er'% /N1 3 Des&(%( (e 2%s3 /2;1
•
V 3 V"l,e3 /MM; 3 MM;D4%1
•
m 3 %s% /21
•
3+l,8" %s&$" /!"(&%1
•
3 Ner" (e "les (el 2%s * 7%p"r3 /"l3 "l(&%1
•
R3 C"s!%!e U&7ers%l U&7ers%l (e l"s G%ses /3;?> J"l1
•
T 3 Teper%!,r% Teper%!,r% (el s&s!e%3 /
•
Z 3 F%$!"r (e C"pres&)&l&(%(3 /A(&es&"%l1
•
Pr3 Pres&* re(,$&(%3 A(&es&"%l
•
Tr3 Teper%!,r% Teper%!,r% re(,$&(%3 A(&es&"%l
•
P$3 Pres&* Cr4!&$%3 /P%1
•
T$3 T$3 Teper%!,r% Cr4!&$%3 /1
•
Tpc 3 Teper%!,r% pse,("$r&!&$% /1
•
Vpc 3 7"l,e ps$r&!&$" /;1
•
Ppc 3pres&* pse,("re(,$&(% /P%1
•
Vpr 3 7"l,e pse,("re(,$&(" n
•
; ∑ = i 1
s,%!"r&%
•
a K b 3 A 3
•
ai 3 bi p%r0e!r"s (e $"rre$$&* (e l% e$,%$&* (e es!%(" p"r $"p"e!e. k ij
•
B 3 D 3p%r0e!r"s (e $"rre$$&* (e l%s e$,%$&"es (e es!%("
3 l ij ki 3 αi 3 aci 3 ai 3 bi
3 Ai
3 Bi
mi
p%r0e!r"s (e $"rre$$&* (e l%s
e$,%$&*es (e es!%(" •
•
´
3 $"e+&$&e!e (e 8,2"s&(%( p%r% $"p"e!e i
∅i
∅i
3 $"e+&$&e!e (e 8,2"s&(%( p%r% $"p"e!e
p%r% e'$l%
•
H 3 e!%lp&% "l%r p%r% e$,%$&* (e es!%(" /J"l1
•
H 3 e!%lp&% (e re+ere$&% /J"l1
•
CP 3 C%l"r espe$4+&$" % pres&* $"s!%!e3 /J"l1
•
CV 3 C%l"r espe$4+&$" % 7"l,e $"s!%!e3 J",le"l
o
•
•
•
CP i
C%l"r espe$4+&$" % pres&* $"s!%!e p%r% $"p"e!e i /J"l1
S 3e!r"p4% /J"lC1 S
o
e!r"p4% (e re+ere$&% /J"lC1
•
U 3eer24% &!er% /J"l1
•
U eer24% &!er% (e re+ere$&% /J"l1
•
G 3 eer24% l&)re (e 2&))s /J"l1
o
•
G
o
eer24% l&)re (e 2&))s /J"l1
•
ω 3 +%$!"r %$6!r&$"
•
K 3$"s!%!e (e rel%$&* &se!r"p&
%$•
qi 3 $%l"r (el +l,&(" $%l&e!e /J1
•
•
•
qo $%l"r (el +l,&(" +r&" /J1 mimo 3 %s% (el +l,&(" $%l&e!e # +r&" respe$!&7%e!e /21 T C 2 T c 1
3!eper%!,r% (el +l,&(" $%l&e!e # +r&" respe$!&7%e!e /1
•
De 3 (&0e!r" e5,&7%le!e /1
•
ℜ 3 ,er" (e Re#"l(s %(&es&"%l
•
•
•
G es el 2%s!" 0s&$" (e l% $"rr&e!e /2s1 3$%l"r /J3BTU1
es el er" (e s,)$"rr&e!es e l%s 5,e se (&7&(e el +l,8" /$%%les (el %rre2l" e el &!er$%)&%("r /%(&es&"%l1
•
•
es el %$" (e l% pl%$% /1 ) es l% (&s!%$&% e!re l%s pl%$%s /1.
•
K es l% 7&s$"s&(%( (el +l,&(" /2s1
•
UK $"e+&$&e!e 2l")%l (e !r%s+ere$&% (e $%l"r /W 1
•
A Kes el 0re% (e !r%s+ere$&% (e $%l"r /1
•
Pr es , p%r0e!r" %(&es&"%l
•
es l% $"(,$!&7&(%( !6r&$% (el +l,&(" /W1
•
3 $"e+&$&e!e (e !r%s+ere$&% (e $%l"r $"7e$!&7". /W 1
•
•
! " es el espes"r (e l% pl%$% /1
3 e es!e $%s" es l% $"(,$!&7&(%( !6r&$% (el %!er&%l (e +%)r&$%$&* (e l%s pl%$%s /W1.
•
•
•
•
#cali
K $"e+&$&e!e (e !r%s+ere$&% (e $%l"r $"7e$!&7" +l,&(" $%l&e!e. /W 1
# $rio
K $"e+&$&e!e (e !r%s+ere$&% (e $%l"r $"7e$!&7" +l,&(" +r&". /W 1
U% ; $"e+&$&e!e 2l")%l (e !r%s+ere$&% (e $%l"r 0&"
JK $"e+&e$&e!e $"7e$!&7" p"r $"rr&e!e
•
•
•
& 3 C# p%r0e!r"3 %(&es&"%les (e (&se-" (e &!er$%)&%("r (e pl%$%s
L3 Des&(%( (e l45,&("3 2; '( 3 er" (e N,ssel %(&e$&"%l
•
E$&3 Eer24% $&6!&$%3 J",le
•
Ep"!3 Eer24% p"!e$&%l3 J",le
•
) 3 %$eler%$&* (e l% 2r%7e(%( &2,%l % :3? s
•
S E!r"p4% espes&+&$% /J2 "C1
•
S´ )en Geer%$&* (e e!r"p4% /J2 "C1
•
´: Fl,8" (e $%l"r /J"l 1
•
•
•
•
•
•
T ¿ :
Teper%!,r% (e l% s,per+&$&e /" 1
(
- comp. ni,en
3 e+&$&e$&% &se!r"p&
%$n pol&
3 e+&$&e$&% p"l&!r"p&
%$3 Re(&&e!"3 A(&es&"%l HP / p"!e$&% (e $"pres"r
•
r / Rel%$&* (e $"pres&*
•
•
•
)
Tr%)%8" (e $"pres&* /J1
•
•
2
k)m / , )c : $ac%or *e con+er,ion 1 '
Pen%r 3pres&* (e e!r%(%% /p%1 P, 3 pres&* (e s%l&(% /p%1
ˇ F 3 C%,(%l. p%r% 2%ses e /;se21 es!0(%r /?> C # ? p%1 ´ G 3Des&(%( rel%!&7% (el 2%s respe$!" %l %&re % /?> C # ? p%1
•
T 1 3Teper%!,r% (el 2%s % l% e!r%(% (e l% 70l7,l% /1
•
C+ / C"e+&$&e!e (e Fl,8" (e l% 70l7,l% # (epe(e (el !&p"3 (&0e!r" # 2r%(" (e %per!,r% (e
es!e (&sp"s&!&7". •
P 1 3Pres&* %2,%s %rr&)% /p%1
•
P 2 3Pres&* %2,%s %)%8" /p%1
•
α 3 7"l%!&l&(%( rel%!&7%
•
•
0 i 1 i / K i
+r%$$&* "l%r +%se l&5,&(% # 7%p"r respe$!&7%e!e /=1
3 $"s!%!e (e e5,&l&)r&" e!re +%sses
•
P.M.K pes" "le$,l%r
•
H73 E!%lp4% (e V%p"r&'%$&*3 J",le
•
H3 V%r&%$&* (e E!%lp4%3 J",le
•
W3 Fl,8" "l%r (el Pr"(,$!" (e F"("3 "l"r%
•
D3 Fl,8" M"l%r (el Des!&l%("3 "l"r%
•
L"3 Fl,8" M"l%r (el Re+l,8"3 "l"r%
•
G3 Fl,8" M"l%r (el 7%p"r3 "l"r%
•
L3 Fl,8" M"l%r (el l45,&("3 "l"r%
•
•
•
•
•
•
2 3 Rel%$&* (e Re+l,8"3 A(&es&"%l H F
E!%lp4% e l% %l&e!%$&"3 J",le"l
H G
3 E!%lp4% (el 7%p"r3 J",le"l
H D
3 E!%lp4% (el (es!&l%("3 J",le"l
H 3
3 E!%lp4% (el l45,&("3 J",le"l
H 34
3E!%lp4% (el l45,&(" (e re+l,8"3 J",le"l
•
•
C
3 C%r2% !6r&$% (el $"(es%("r3 J",le
B
3 C%r2% !6r&$% (el re)"&ler3 J",le
•
0 1, 0n 3 C"p"s&$&* (e l45,&(" (e , $"p"e!e e el pl%!" ? # 3 =
•
1 1, 1n 3 C"p"s&$&* (e 7%p"r (e , $"p"e!e e el pl%!" ? # 3 =
•
•
•
•
•
0 D
3 C"p"s&$&* (el l45,&(" (e , $"p"e!e e el (es!&l%("3 =
1 D
3 C"p"s&$&* (el 7%p"r (e , $"p"e!e e el (es!&l%("3 =
0 5
C"p"s&$&* (el l45,&(" (e , $"p"e!e e el pr"(,$!" (e +"("3 =
1 5
3 C"p"s&$&* (el 7%p"r (e , $"p"e!e e el pr"(,$!" (e +"("3 =
53 Fr%$$&* l45,&(% (el +l,8" (e %l&e!%$&*3 A(&es&"%l
•
$+ ; +r%$$&* 7%p"r&'%(%
•
'm 3 Ner" (e pl%!"s 4&"s3 A(&es&"%l
•
•
•
•
'pla%o, 3 Ner" (e pl%!"s3 A(&es&"%l F 3 Fl,8" "l%r (e l% Al&e!%$&*3 "l"r%
P$3 P"(er $%l"r4+&$" MJ; q / rel%$&* l45,&("7%p"r (el %l&e!". S, 7%l"r es ? p%r% l45,&(" s%!,r%("3 < p%r% 7%p"r
s%!,r%(" # e!re < # ? p%r% e'$l%s l45,&(" 9 7%p"r. •
•
0 $i /
$"p"s&$&* (el $"p"e!e & e el %l&e!".
α i/HK /
7"l%!&l&(%( rel%!&7% (el $"p"e!e & $" respe$!" %l $l%7e pes%(" % l%s $"(&$&"es (el %l&e!".
•
•
6 3p%r0e!r" (e U(er""( 2m /
4&% (e re+l,8"
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0 Di /
$"p"s&$&* (el $"p"e!e & e el (es!&l%("
bi
3 +l,8" (el $l%7e l&7&%" e +"("
b j
3 +l,8" (el $l%7e pes%(" e el +"("
*i
3+l,8" (e $l%7e pes%(" e el (es!&l%("
* j
3+l,8" (el $l%7e pes%(" e el (es!&l%("
α ij
3 7"l%!&l&(%( rel%!&7% pr"e(&" (el $l%7e l&7&%" $" respe$!" %l $l%7e pes%("
N3 ,er" (e e!%p%s R"p3 re+l,8" "p!&&'%r
)NDICE CONTENIDO ?
INTRODUCCION....................................................................................................................? ?.?
ANTECEDENTES.......................................................................................................?
?.?.?
DEMANDA HISTRICA A NIVEL MUNDIAL..................................................?
?.?.
DEMANDA MUNDIAL DEL ETILENO...............................................................?
?.
LA INDUSTRIALIZACIN DE ETILENO Y POLIETILENO EN BOLIVIA.......
?.;
PROYECTO...;
?.;.?
EL COMPLEJO.................................................................................................
?.;.
LA EMPRESA..................................................................................................
?.;.;
PRODUCCIN.................................................................................................
?.;.
CARACTERSTICAS TXCNICAS..................................................................>
?.
PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA.....................................................................>
?.>
OBJETIVOS................................................................................................@
?.>.?
OBJETIVO GENERAL....................................................................................@
?.>.
OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS............................................................................@
?.@
PAG.
JUSTIFICACION.......................................................................................................@
CARACTERISTICAS DE LA MATERIA PRIMA Y EL PRODUCTO................................. .?
DESCRIPCIN DE LA MATERIA PRIMA...............................................................
.?.?
ETANO.......................................................................................................
.?.
OBTENCIN DEL ETANO..............................................................................
.?.;
PRODUCTIVIDAD...........................................................................................:
.?.
USO Y APLICACIONES DEL ETANO.............................................................:
.?.>
PROPANO.................................................................................................?<
.?.@
GENERALIDADES DEL PROPANO..............................................................?<
.?.
OBTENCIN DEL PROPANO........................................................................?
.?.
USOS DEL PROPANO....................................................................................?
.
GENERALIDADES DEL PRODUCTO....................................................................?;
..?
ETILENO.....................................................................................................?;
..
USOS Y APLICACIONES DEL ETILENO....................................................?
.;
;
PROPILENO.....................................................................................................?@
.;.?
OBTENCIN DEL PROPILENO....................................................................?
.;.
USO DEL PROPILENO...................................................................................?
DESCRIPCION DE LOS EQUIPOS Y ECUACIONES.......................................................?: ;.? ;.?.? ;. ;..?
MODELO TERMODINMICO..............................................................................?: ECUACIN DE ESTADO DE PENG9ROBINSON.......................................?: HORNO DE GRAQUEO TERMICO....................................................................... HORNO DE PIROLISIS..................................................................................;
;.;
MEZCLADOR DE CORRIENTES..........................................................................
;.
ENFRIADOR....................................................................................................:
;..?
TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR POR CONVECCIN.................................;<
;.>
VLVULA....................................................................................................;;
;.@
COMPRESORES......................................................................................................;>
;.@.?
DESEMPE[O DE LOS COMPRESORES.....................................................;>
;.
E\PANSOR......................................................................................................;
;.
SEPARACIN DE FASES INSTANTNEO..........................................................<
;.:
COLUMNAS DE DESTILACIN..........................................................................?
;.:.?
EQUILIBRIO VAPOR ] LQUIDO EN SISTEMAS BINARIOS...................;
;.:.
EQUILIBRIO DE FASES................................................................................>
3.9.3
DESTILACIN POR MXTODO DE MC. CABE ] THIELE.........................
;.:.
ZONA DE RECTIFICACION..........................................................................:
;.:.>
ZONA DE AGOTAMIENTO............................................................................><
;.:.@
PLATO DE ALIMENTACIN.........................................................................>?
;.:.
DESTILACIN EN MEZCLAS MULTICOMPONENTES............................>
;.:. MXTODO CORTO DE DISE[O FENSE9UNDERWOOD9GUILLILAND /FUG1........ > 3.9.9
MXTODO RIGUROSO....................................................................................>@
ENTORNO AL SIMULADOR..............................................................................................@; .?
USO DE SIMULADORES EN LA INDUSTRIA QUMICA...................................@;
.
PETRO9SIM V.<...................................................................................................@
.;
OBJETIVOS PRINCIPALES DE LA SIMULACIN...............................................@>
.
SIMULACIN DEL PROCESO...............................................................................@@
.>
DISE[O DE PROCESOS.........................................................................................@
.@
SIMULACIN ESTACIONARIA Y DINMICA DE PROCESO..........................@
.
ETAPAS QUE COMPONEN EL MXTODO PROPUESTO.....................................@
. VENTAJAS Y DESVENTAJAS DE LA APLICACIN DE SIMULACIN DE PROCESOS...............................................................................................@ .:
LIMITACIONES DE LOS SIMULADORES...........................................................@:
.?<
ARQUITECTURA DEL SIMULADOR PETROSIM...............................................@:
.??
ARQUITECTURA DE SOFWARE FLOWSHEETING...........................................?
.??.?
ESTRATEGIA DE CLCULO.......................................................................?
.??.
SECUENCIAL ENFOQUE MODULAR........................................................;
.??.;
ECUACIN /ENFOQUE ORIENTADO1......................................................
.??.
INTEGRACIN DE HERRAMIENTAS DE LA SIMULACIN.................>
.?
>
SISTEMAS INTEGRADOS....................................................................................@
.?.?
ASPEN ONE SUITE DE INGENIERA /ASPENTECH1...............................@
.?.
FAMILIAS DE PRODUCTOS HYSYS /ASPENTECH1...............................
.?.;
ARQUITECTURA DE SOFTWARE ABIERTA.............................................
.?.
INTERNET SIMULACIN............................................................................:
DESCRIPCION DEL PROCESO DE OBTENCION DE ETILENO...................................< >.?
HORNO DE PIROLISIS..........................................................................................?
>.?.?
CORRIENTE DE ALIMENTACIN DE ETANO Y PROPANO...................?
>.?.
CORRIENTE DE ALIMENTACIN DE AGUA...........................................
>.?.;
CORRIENTE DE SALIDA HORNO DE PIROLISIS.....................................;
>.
ENFRIADOR................................................................................................
>.;
ETAPAS DE COMPRENSIN................................................................................>
>.;.?
E\PANSOR....................................................................................................@
>.;.
ENFRIADOR E9?<;.......................................................................................
>.
ESMETANIZADORA3 DESETANIZADORA3 DESPROPANIZADORA.............:
>..?
DESMETANIZADORA..................................................................................:
>..
BOMBA..............................................................................................:;
>..;
DESETANIZADORA.....................................................................................:
>..
DATOS DE ENTRADA Y SALIDA..............................................................:
>.>
FRACCIONADORA ETANOETILENO...............................................................?<;
>.@
FRACCIONADORA PROPANOPROPILENO......................................................?<
>.
ANALISIS DE RESULTADOS................................................................................??
@
CONCLUSIONES................................................................................................................??>
RECOMENDACIONES......................................................................................................??@
BIBLIOGRAFIA..................................................................................................................??
: ANE\OS...??
)NDICE DE ECUACIONES Co*+e*!o
P#.
Ec. /.& E$,%$&* (e Es!%(" (e Pe2 R")&s".. ?: Ec. /.$ L% e$,%$&* (e es!%(" (e Pe2 R")&s" e +,$&* (el +%$!"r (e $"pres&)&l&(%(...<
Ec. /.$.& C"s!%!e )&.< Ec./.$.$ C"s!%!e %&..< Ec. /.$./ C"s!%!e %$& . < Ec. /.$.' C"s!%!e %&<.>.................... < Ec. /.$.0 C"s!%!e S&< Ec. /.$.1 C"s!%!e A.....................< Ec. /.$.2 C"s!%!e B.....................< Ec. /./ C"s!%!e ) p%r% e'$l%s ..< Ec. /.' C"s!%!e % p%r% e'$l%s< Ec. /.0 E!%lp&% pr"p&e(%( res&(,%l........................< Ec. /.1 E!r"p4% pr"p&e(%(es res&(,%les ......................? Ec. /.2 C%p%$&(%( C%l"r4+&$% % Pres&* $"s!%!e......? Ec. /.3 C%p%$&(%( C%l"r4+&$% % V"l,e $"s!%!e........................? Ec. /.4 C"e+&$&e!e (e F,2%$&(%( Ec. /.&% C"s!%!es (e C"e+&$&e!e (e +,2%$&(%( 1
Ec. /.&& C.F. (e ,% s,s!%$&% p,r%................ Ec. /.&$ Teper%!,r% (el e!%l.............. Ec. /.&/ A,e!" (e l% !eper%!,r% % !r%76s (el %$e&!e Ec. /.&' A,e!" (e l% !eper%!,r% % !r%76s (e l% $%p% (e $"5,e........................ Ec. /.&0 A,e!" (e l% !eper%!,r% % !r%76s (e l% p%re( (el !,)"........................ Ec. /.&1 B%l%$e (e M%!er&% (el Re%$!"r +l,8"9p&s!*....................> Ec./.&2 Rel%$&" p%r% espe$&e 8..> Ec. /.&3 B%l%$e (e eer24% p%r% , s&s!e% %)&er!"..> Ec. /.&4 Re%$$&"es l!&ple (e re%$!"r +l,8" p&s!* p%r% re%$!"r +l,8" p&s!*@ Ec. /.$% Del!% H (e re%$$&*...@ Ec. /.$& Vel"$&(%( (e re%$$&*..@ Ec. /.$$ E$,%$&* (e Arre&,s..@ Ec. /.$/ B%l%$e (e %!er&% p%r% $%(% ," (e l"s C $"p"e!es es: Ec./.$' El )%l%$e (e eer24% e el pr"$es" (e e'$l%(" s&pl&+&$%(".....................: Ec./.$0 B%l%$e (e eer24% p%r% , e+r&%("r.................;? Ec./.$1 Le# (e Ne!"...................;? Ec./.$2 C"e+&$&e!e (e Tr%s+ere$&% De C%l"r......................;? Ec./.$3 E$,%$&* +&%l (e U....................;? Ec./.$4 C%l$,l" (e !eper%!,r% e(&%/DTLM1..................;? Ec././% $%l$,l" (e ,er" (e Re#"l(s..........................;?
2
Ec././& $%l$,l" (e ,er" (e Pr%(!l..............................; Ec././$ C%l$,l" (el eer" (e N,ssel..............................; Ec./.// E$,%$&* (e N,ssel...............................................; Ec././' C%4(% (e pres&*....................................................; Ec././0 F*r,l%s )0s&$%s p%r% el $0l$,l" (e C7....; Ec. /./1 V%p"r (e A2,% .; Ec. /./2 G%ses.........................; Ec. /./3 e!%lp&% espe$&+&$% "l%r (e e!r%(% # s%l&(%;> Ec././4 Tr%)%8" re%l&'%(" p"r el $"pres"r...;@ Ec./.'% Tr%)%8" (e $"pres&* Ise!r*p&$%;@ Ec./.'& Tr%)%8" (e $"pres&* p"l#!r"p&$%.................... ;@ Ec./.'$ C%l$,l" (e +l,8" (e $%l"r %(&%)0!&$" p%r% , $"pres"r... ; Ec./.'/ C%l$,l" (e +l,8" (e $%l"r p"l&!r*p&$" p%r% , $"pres"r..........................; Ec./.'' C%l$,l" (e +l,8" (e $%l"r ; Ec./.'0 E+&$&e$&% &se!r"p&$%. ; Ec./.'1 E+&$&e$&% p"l&!r*p&$%5..; Ec./.'2 C"s!%!e . ; Ec./.'3 C"s!%!e .; Ec./.'4 C"7ers&* (e e+&$&e$&% p"l& !r*p&$%..........................; Ec./.0% e+&$&e$&% &se!r"p&$% # 7&$e7ers%... ; Ec./.0& P"!e$&% (el C"pres"r...; Ec./.0$ B%l%$e (e eer24% C"pres"r; 3
Ec./.0/ E+&$&e$&% ep%s"r.;: Ec./.0' C%l$,l" (e e+&$&e$&% &se!r"p&$% p%r% , ep%s"r;: Ec./.00 C%l$,l" (e e+&$&e$&% p"l&!r"p&$% p%r% , ep%s"r...;: Ec./.01 C%l$,l" (e +l,8" (e $%l"r %(&%)0!&$" p%r% , ep%s"r. ;: Ec./.02 C%l$,l" (e +l,8" (e $%l"r p"l&!r"p&$" p%r% , ep%s"r................................;: Ec./.03 B%l%$e (e eer24% ep%s"r...< Ec./.04 B%l%$e (e %!er&% p%r% el sep%r%("r..? Ec./.1% B%l%$e p"r espe$&e..? Ec./.1& B%l%$e (e eer24%..? Ec./.1$ Le# (e R%,l!.@ Ec./.1/ Le# (e D%l!"..@ Ec./.1' C")&%(" l%s ("s epres&"es.@ Ec./.10 C"s!%!e (e e5,&l&)r&" Ec./.11 V"l%!&l&(%(.. Ec./.12 +r%$$&* "l%r e +%se 7%p"r Ec./.14 7"l%!&l&(%( rel%!&7%... Ec./.2% C"p"s&$&* (el 7%p"r e el p,!" (e ),r),8%5.. Ec./.2& C"p"s&$&* (el 7%p"r e el p,!" (e r"$&* .. Ec./.2$ Re+l,8" e el $"(es%("r 5..: Ec./.2/ Re+l,8" e el er7&("r..: 4
Ec./.2' Re+l,8" 4&": Ec./.20 Re+l,8" "p!&": Ec./.21 E+&$&e$&% (e e!%p%s: Ec./.22 E+&$&e$&% (e M,rpree (e , pl%!"..: Ec./.23 B%l%$e (e %!er&%l !"!%l>< Ec./.24 B%l%$e p%r% el $"p"e!e A>< Ec./.3% L4e% (e "per%$&* e l% '"% (e er&5,e$&&e!">< Ec./.3& L4e% (e "per%$&* e l% '"% (e er&5,e$&&e!" e +,$&* (e R>? Ec./.3$ Pe(&e!e..>? Ec./.3/ B%l%$e !"!%l (e %!er&%l..>? Ec./.3' B%l%$e p%r% el $"p"e!e A >? Ec./.30 L4e% (e "per%$&* e l% '"% (e %2"!%&e!">? Ec./.31 L4e% (e "per%$&* e l% '"% (e %2"!%&e!">? Ec./.32 C"(&$&* !6r&$%....> Ec./.33 B%l%$e !"!%l (e %!er&%l..>; Ec./.34 B%l%$e (e e!%lp&%..>; Ec./.4% B%l%$e p%r% e!%lp4%s "l%res p%r% l"s l45,&("s>; Ec./.4& C"(&$&* !6r&$% (e l% %l&e!%$&*..>; Ec./.4$ C"(&$&* !6r&$% (e l45,&(">; Ec./.4/ C"(&$&* !6r&$% (el 7%p"r.. .>; Ec./.4' Fr%$$&* "l%r e el 7%p"r..>; Ec./.40 E$,%$&* (e Fese..>@
5
Ec./.41 C"s!%!e (e Fese α ij ..>@ Ec./.42 C"s!%!e (e Fese " *i .>@ Ec./.43 C"s!%!e (e Fese " bi .....>@ Ec./.44 C"s!%!e (e Fese bi ...>@ Ec./.&%% C"s!%!e (e Fese * i ....>@ Ec./.&%& C%l$,l" (e re+l,8"..> Ec./.&%$ C%l$,l" (e re+l,8" &&"... ..> Ec./.&%/ C%l$,l" (e re+l,8" "p!&" ....> Ec./.&%' E$,%$&* (e G&ll&l%(.. > Ec./.&%0 C%l$,l%(" \ e l% e$. (e G&ll&l%( .> Ec./.&%1 C%l$,l%(" k i / n+1 p%r% , $"(es%("r p%r$&%l ..>: Ec./.&%2 C%l$,l%(" k bi p%r% , Her7&("r p%r$&%l @<
Ec./.&%3 C%l$,l%(" & i /n +1 p%r% '"% (e re$!&+&$%$&*.@< Ec./.&%4 C%l$,l%(" k i / n+1 p%r% !eper%!,r% (e r"$&*.@< Ec./.&&% C%l$,l%(" " i /n +1 p%r% '"% (e %2"!%&e!".@< Ec./.&&& C%l$,l" (e pl%!" (e &!erse$$&*.....@< Ec./.&&$ Z"% (e re$!&+&$%$&*..@? Ec./.&&/ Z"% (e %2"!%&e!"@? 6
INDICE DE FIGURAS CONTENIDO
P6
F!ur# /.&: H"r" (e p&r"l&s&s................. F!ur# /.$: Me'$l%("r (e $"rr&e!es: F!ur# /./: Sep%r%$&* &s!%!0e%..< F!ur# /.': D&%2r%% (e ,% !"rre (e (es!&l%$&*.... F!ur# /.0: C"l,% (e (es!&l%$&*..... F!ur# /.1: D&%2r%% Teper%!,r% Vs C"p"s&$&* % Pres&* $"s!%!e...> F!ur# /.2: D&%2r%% C"p"s&$&* (e 7%p"r Vs C"p"s&$&* e el l45,&("> F!ur# /.3: Z"% (e re$!&+&$%$&*. >< F!ur# /.4: Z"% (e %2"!%&e!" ...... .>? F!ur# /.&%: Se$$&* (e %l&e!%$&* (e ,% $"l,% (e +r%$$&"%&e!"...... .> F!ur# /.&& L4e%s (e "per%$&*.... .> F!ur# /.&$ C"l,% (e (es!&l%$&* p%r% 6!"(" r&2,r"s". .@? F!ur# /.&/: D&%2r%% (e )l"5,es (el 6!"(" Le&s9M%!es"...@ F!ur# 0: D&%2r%% (el pr"$es"..? F!ur# 0.&: H"r" (e P&r"l&s&s BA9?<... F!ur# 0.$: C"rr&e!e (e %l&e!%$&* (e e!%" # pr"p%".; F!ur# 0./: C"rr&e!e (e %l&e!%$&* (e A2,%..; F!ur# 0.': C"rr&e!e (e s%l&(% (el H"r" (e P&r"l&s&s... 1
F!ur# 0.0: L&$,e+%("r% P%r$&%l..> F!ur# 0.1: C"rr&e!e (e e!r%(% (el C""ler> F!ur# 0.2: C"rr&e!e (e s%l&(% (el C""ler...@ F!ur# 0.3: Fl,8" (e $%l"r e el C""ler.@ F!ur# 0.4: E!%p%s (e C"pres&*..@ F!ur# 0.&%: C"rr&e!es (e %l&e!%$&* # S%l&(% (e l% e!%p%s (e C"pres&*.. F!ur# 0.&&: Ep%s"r. F!ur# 0.&$: Pr"p&e(%(es (e l% $"rr&e!e % l% e!r%(% (el ep%s"r..... F!ur# 0.&/:Pr"p&e(%(es (e l% $"rr&e!e % l% s%l&(% (el ep%s"r. F!ur# 0.&': Fl,8" (e eer24% pr"7e&e!e (el ep%s"r..: F!ur# 0.&0: E+r&%("r..: F!ur# 0.&1: C"rr&e!e (e E!r%(% %l e+r&%("r: F!ur# 0.&2: C"rr&e!e (e s%l&(% (el e+r&%("r >...:< F!ur# 0.&3: Fl,8" (e $%l"r e el C""ler..:< F!ur# 0.&4: C"l,% Dese!%&'%("r%..:? F!ur# 0.$%: Espe$&+&$%$&"es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% C"l,% Dese!%&'%("r%..:? F!ur# 0.$&: Pr"p&e(%(es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% Dese!%&'%("r%..: F!ur# 0.$$: Teper%!,r% 7s N,er" (e ^Pl%!"..:; F!ur# 0.$/: Pres&* 7s N,er" (e Pl%!"....:; F!ur# 0.$': Fl,8"s 7s E!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&"...: 2
F!ur# 0.$0: B")% /P9?<<1: F!ur# 0.$1: Pr"p&e(%(es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% )")% P9?<<..:> F!ur# 0.$2: Fl,8" (e eer24% (e l% )")%..:> F!ur# 0.$3: C"l,% Dese!%&'%("r%.:@ F!ur# 0.$4: Espe$&+&$%$&"es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% Dese!%&'%("r%..:@ F!ur# 0./%: Pr"p&e(%(es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% Dese!%&'%("r%.:@ F!ur# 0./&: Teper%!,r% 7s Ner" (e Pl%!"...: F!ur# 0./$: Pres&* 7s N,er" (e Pl%!": F!ur# 0.//: Fl,8"s 7s E!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&"......: F!ur# 0./': V0l7,l% J9T.........:: F!ur# 0./0: Pr"p&e(%(es (e l%s $"rr&e!es e!r%(% # s%l&(% (e l% 70l7,l%..:: F!ur# 0./1: Despr"p%&'%("r%.......?<< F!ur# 0./2: Espe$&+&$%$&"es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% Despr"p%&'%("r%..? F!ur# 0.'': Pr"p&e(%(es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% C"l,% Fr%$$&"%("r% 3
e!%"e!&le"...?<>
F!ur# 0.'0: Teper%!,r% 7s Ner" (e Pl%!"...?< F!ur# 0.'1: Pres&* 7s Ner" (e pl%!"?< F!ur# 0.'2: Fl,8"s 7s E!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&"..?< F!ur# 0.'3: C"l,% Fr%$$&"%("r% Pr"p%"Pr"p&le"..?< F!ur# 0.'4: Espe$&+&$%$&"es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% +r%$$&"%("r% Pr"p%"Pr"p&le"...............................................................................................................?<:
F!ur# 0.0%: Pr"p&e(%(es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% C"l,% Pr"p%"Pr"p&le".?<: F!ur# 0.0&: Teper%!,r% 7s Ner" (e pl%!"...??< F!ur# 0.0$: Pres&* 7s Ner" (e Pl%!"...??< F!ur# 0.0/: Fl,8"s 7s e!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&"...??< F!ur# 0.0': +l,8" "l%r (e e!r(% # s%l&(%3 +l,8" "l%r (e $"rr&e!es (el pr"$es"..???
4
)NDICE DE TABLAS Co*+e*!o
P6
T#7#N8 $.&.&: Pr"p&e(%(es +4s&$%s # 5,4&$%s (el e!%"... T#7# N8 $.&.$: Pr"p&e(%(es +4s&$%s # 5,4&$%s (el pr"p%".....?? T#7# N8 $.$.&: Pr"p&e(%(es +4s&$%s # 5,4&$%s (el e!&le"...?> T#7# N8 $.$.$: Pr"p&e(%(es +4s&$%s # 5,4&$%s (el pr"p%"?@ T#7# N8 /.&: C"(&$&"es (e "per%$&* # (&se-" p%r% el re%$!"r T#7# N8 /.$: P%r0e!r"s (e Arre&,s p%r% $r%$&2 !6r&$" (e e!%"...@ T#7# N8 /./: Es5,e% (e re%$$&* "le$,l%r # p%r0e!r"s $&6!&$"s p%r% el !er" $r%$&2 (e e!%"...
T#7# N8 /.': G,4% 2eer%l (e sele$$&* (e l"s $"pres"res...;> T#7# N8 /.0: C"(&$&* !er"(&0&$%> T#7# N8 0.&: C"p"s&$&* e +r%$$&* "l%r (e E!%" # Pr"p%"..; T#7# N8 0.$: C"p"s&$&* e +r%$$&* "l%r (e A2,%....; T#7#N8 0./: C"p"s&$&* e +r%$$&* "l%r (e l% $"rr&e!e se s%l&(% (el "r" (e p&r"l&s&s
T#7# 0.': C"p"s&$&* e +r%$$&* (e l% $"rr&e!e % l% e!r%(% %l ep%s"r _s%l 7%p ;`. T#7# 0.0: C"p"s&$&"es e +r%$$&* "l%r (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e s%l&(% (e l% $"l,% (ese!%&'%("r%..:
T#7# 0.1: C"p"s&$&"es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e s%l&(% (e l% $"l,% (ese!%&'%("r%...:
1
T#7# 0.2: C"p"s&$&"es (e s%l&(% (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e $%)e'% /s,per&"r1 (espr"p%&'%("r%....?<
T#7# 0.3: C"p"s&$&"es (e s%l&(% (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% +r%$$&"%("r% e!%"e!&le"...?<@
T#7# 0.4: C"p"s&$&"es (e s%l&(% (e l%s $"rr&e!es e l% $"l,% +r%$$&"%("r% pr"p%"pr"p&le"......??<
T#7# 0.&%: C"p%r%$&* (e res,l!%("s....??; T#7# 0.&&: C"p%r%$&* (e res,l!%("s........??
2
CAPITULO I &
INTRODUCCION
1.1 ANTECEDENTES
&.&.& DEMANDA HIST(RICA A NIVEL MUNDIAL E l"s l!&"s %-"s3 l% $re$&e!e (e%(% (el er$%(" p"r (&7ers"s pr"(,$!"s3 $"" e7%ses # ep%5,es3 p%r!es # p&e'%s &(,s!r&%les p%r% l% &er4%3 %2r&$,l!,r% # pes5,er4%3 pr"(,$!"s &!ere(&"s p%r% l% $"s!r,$$&*3 l% &(,s!r&% !e!&l # $"+e$$&"es3 e!$. lle7* % ,% %#"r pr"(,$$&* 5,e !,7" s, p&$" 0s %l!" (e l% (6$%(% e el %-" 1. A0l&s&s (e l% I(,s!r&% (e E!&le" FF. Re$,per%(" : (e Eer" (e 3 (e !!pses.s$r&)(.$"("$??:@A9&l&s&s9(e9l%9I(,s!r&%9(e9E!&le"9FF
&.&.$ DEMANDA MUNDIAL DEL ETILENO L% (e%(% 2l")%l (e e!&le" $re$er0 % , r&!" (el 3= %,%l (,r%!e l"s pr*&"s (&e' %-"s # (esp,6s )%8%r0 % ;3= %,%l3 se2 l% $"s,l!"r% CMAI. E l"s l!&"s 5,&$e %-"s3 l% (e%(% 2l")%l (e e!&le" $%s& se % (,pl&$%(". E el %-" 3 E,r"p% $"s,&r0 > MT%-" # re5,er&r0 @ MT%-" %(&$&"%les. L% (e%(% %$!,%l (e e!&le" e el ,(" es (e ,%s > MT # e el ser0 (e ?@< MT. L% (e%(% (e pr"p&le" $re$er0 % 0s (epr&s%3 (e)&(" %l $"s," (e p"l&pr"p&le". Se es!&% 1
5,e l% (e%(% ,(&%l (e pr"p&le" e el %-" ser0 (e :< MT +re!e % l%s ;: MT %$!,%les. CMAI $%l$,l% 5,e el e5,&l&)r&" e!re l% "+er!% # (e%(% (e pr"p&le" ser0 %e8%)le3 s& e$es&(%( (e %$er &7ers&"es espe$4+&$%s. H%r0 +%l!%3 " ")s!%!e3 re$,per%r 0s pr"p&le" (e l%s re+&er4%s. El e!&le" es , "*er" (e pe!r"5,4&$"s (er&7%("s ,!&l&'%("s pr&$&p%le!e $"" %!er&% pr&% e l% +%)r&$%$&* (e p"l4er"s pl0s!&$"s3 +&)r%s # "!r"s pr"(,$!"s 5,4&$"s "r20&$"s 5,e s" e l!&% &s!%$&%3 5,e se $"s,e e l%s &(,s!r&%s (e e)%l%8e3 !r%sp"r!e # $"s!r,$$&*3 # e ,% ,l!&!,( (e er$%("s &(,s!r&%les # (e $"s,". N"(,r%)le "r $"s,%)le e( ,sesa& p%r!&$,l%r3 p%$%2&2a%e ,p "re !% %l+ "+ e!#lee (er&7%!&7e $"s,p!&" "rl(&(e. F&%les " (e $"s," " (,r%(er"s9,!&l&'%3 e p%r!&$,l%r3 l"s e7%ses9 represe!% 0s (e l% &!%( (el $"s," (e e!&le" e !"(" el ,(" (er&7%(". Oe pl%s!&$ res&3 p"l#e!#lee3 %$$",!s +"r >>]@<= "+ !e !"!%l ,se "+ e!#lee. U% res&% (e pl0s!&$"3 p"l&e!&le"3 represe!% >>9@<= (el ,s" !"!%l (e e!&le". Be$%,se e!#lee &s "e "+ !e l%r2es!9 7"l,e pe!r"$e&$%ls "rl(&(e3 &! s,$ % (&7erse (er&7%!&7e p"r!+"l&"3 e!#lee (e%( &s ses&!&7e !" )"! e$""&$ %( eer2# $#$les. De)&(" % 5,e el e!&le" es ,% (e l"s pr"(,$!"s pe!r"5,4&$"s (e %#"r 7"l,e e !"(" el ,("3 $" ,% $%r!er% (er&7%(" (&7ers%3 l% (e%(% (e e!&le" es ses&)le % %)"s $&$l"s e$"*&$"s # eer24%. F,e!e /1. A0l&s&s (e l% I(,s!r&% (e E!&le" FF. Re$,per%(" : (e Eer" (e 3 (e !!pses.s$r&)(.$"("$??:@A9&l&s&s9(e9l%9I(,s!r&%9(e9E!&le"9FF
1.2 La industrialización de etileno y olietileno en !oli"ia
L% es!r%!e2&% (e l% &(,s!r&%l&'%$&* (e l"s &(r"$%r),r"s3 !&ee % Y%$,&)% $"" % ,% (e l%s re2&"es p%r% $"s"l&(%r l% pe!r"5,4&$% e el p%4s % !r%76s (e l% $"s!r,$$&* (e l% pl%!% (e sep%r%$&* (e l45,&("s Gr% C%$"3 e pr&er% &s!%$&%3 p"s!er&"re!e l% e(&+&$%$&* (el $"ple8" (e e!&le" # p"l&e!&le". _Se es!0 (%(" , p%s" &p"r!%!e p%r% l% $"+"r%$&* (e , p"l" (e (es%rr"ll" e el C%$" !%r&8e-" # p%r!&$,l%re!e Y%$,&)% !e(r0 , 2&r" $,%l&!%!&7" e s, 7&(% e$"*&$% # s"$&%l. P"r es" es &p"r!%!e 5,e %,!"r&(%(es # l% p")l%$&* (e Y%$,&)% %p"#e el pr"#e$!"`3 (&8".F&%le!e3 l% epres% T6$&$%s Re,&(%s % !r%76s (e , +,$&"%r&" epl&$* 5,e l% epres% se e$,e!r% l&s!% p%r% &&$&%r l%s ")r%s (e $"s!r,$$&* (e l% pl%!% (e sep%r%$&* (e l45,&("s. 2
F,e!e S"l&'.E. /1. Pl%!% (e E!&le" # P"l&e!&le" (e Y%$,&)%. Re$,per%(" el ;< (e Eer" (el 3 !!pses.s$r&)(.$"("$?@?;;?<@Pl%!%9(e9E!&le"9#9P"l&e!&le"9FINAL 1.3 #royecto
Es!% pl%!% +"r% p%r!e (e l"s !res e2% pr"#e$!"s 5,e el Es!%(" lle7% %(el%!e p%r% l% &(,s!r&%l&'%$&* (el 2%s %!,r%l e B"l&7&%. A$!,%le!e3 ("s #% se es!0 lle7%(" % $%)"3 $"" l% Pl%!% (e Sep%r%$&* (e L45,&("s (e R4" Gr%(e # Gr% C%$". El 2ere!e %$&"%l (e Pl%!%s (e YPFB3 M%r&" S%l%'%r3 &(&$* 5,e el pr"#e$!" %pe%s &&$&% Te$&"! (e)er0 (es%rr"ll%r e %l e"s > eses l"s res,l!%("s (e , es!,(&" &,$&"s"3 el $,%l ),s$% $"" +& 7er&+&$%r s& es p"s&)le (es%rr"ll%r ,% pl%!% (e e!&le" # p"l&e!&le" p%r% el p%4s. _V% % %$er , %0l&s&s e$"*&$" +&%$&er"3 l% 7&%)&l&(%( e$"*&$% e l% 5,e se 7% % es!%)le$er s& el pr"#e$!" p,e(e e8e$,!%rse " "3 es (e$&r bes re!%)le el pr"#e$!" s& e8e$,!%"sc " "K es" es &p"r!%!e s& el res,l!%(" (e l"s &(&$%("res e$"*&$"s e l% el%)"r%$&* !6$&$% e$"*&$% &&$&% 5,e l"s er"s s" p"s&!&7"s ")7&%e!e 7%"s % e$%r%r el pr"#e$!"`3 &(&$* S%l%'%r. P"r s, p%r!e3 el pres&(e!e (e YPFB &(&$* 5,e ,% 7e' e!re2%(" el es!,(&" se l%'%r0 ,% l&$&!%$&* &!er%$&"%l p%r% %(8,(&$%r % ,% epres% 5,e %2% !"(% l% %(%p!%$&* !e$"l*2&$% (e l% pl%!% # $" ell" p%r% +&es (el 1. Pl%!% (e E!&le" # P"l&e!&le" (e Y%$,&)%. Re$,per%(" el ;< (e Eer" (el 3 (e !!pses.s$r&)(.$"("$?@?;;?<@Pl%!%9(e9E!&le"9#9P"l&e!&le"9FINAL
3
&./.& EL COMPLE9O El $"ple8" pe!r"5,4&$" ser0 &plee!%(" p%r% ,% pr"(,$$&* %,%l (e %pr"&%(%e!e @<<.<<< !"el%(%s 6!r&$%s (e p"l&e!&le"s (e (&+ere!es $%r%$!er4s!&$%s # %pl&$%$&"es. Se es!&% , $"s," %pr"&%(" (e e!%" (e >@.<<< !"el%(%s 6!r&$%s %-"3 e )%se % l% %!er&% pr&% 5,e ser0 s,&&s!r%(% p"r l% Pl%!% (e Sep%r%$&* (e L45,&("s Gr% C%$". A p%r!&r (e
re2&*.
De es!% %er%3 l% pr"(,$$&* (e p"l&e!&le" )"l&7&%" %)r&r0 l% p"s&)&l&(%( (e l% $re%$&* (e e(&%%s # pe5,e-%s epres%s (e %,+%$!,r% (e pr"(,$!"s pl0s!&$"s $" %#"r !e$"l"24% # 7%l"r %2re2%(" e el p%4s. F,e!e S"l&'.E. /1. Pl%!% (e E!&le" # P"l&e!&le" (e Y%$,&)%. Re$,per%(" el ;< (e Eer" (el 3 (e !!pses.s$r&)(.$"("$?@?;;?<@Pl%!%9(e9E!&le"9#9P"l&e!&le"9FINAL
&./.$ LA EMPRESA L% epres% &!%l&%% Te$&"! +"r% p%r!e (el 2r,p" M%&re Te$&"!3 !&ee %pl&% eper&e$&% e l% &(,s!r&% pe!r"5,4&$% e 2eer%l3 p%r!&$,l%re!e e l% &2e&er4% # $"s!r,$$&* (e pl%!%s pe!r"5,4&$%s (e p"l4er"s $"" es el $%s" (el pr"#e$!" 5,e e$%r% YPFB C"rp"r%$&*. L% epres% &!%l&%% $"s!r,#* ?< pl%!%s (e p"l&e!&le" # p"l&pr"p&le" e (&s!&!"s p%4ses. E!re s,s eper&e$&%s re$&e!es es!0 l"s $"ple8"s pe!r"5,4&$"s e Ar%)&% S%,(&!%3 Q%!%r3 Ale%&%3 I(&% # R,s&%3 p"r $&!%r %l2,"s e8epl"s.
&././ PRODUCCI(N El $"ple8" pe!r"5,4&$" !e(r0 ,% pr"(,$$&* %,%l $er$%% % l%s @<<.<<< !"el%(%s 6!r&$%s (e p"l&e!&le"s (e (&+ere!es $%r%$!er4s!&$%s. Te(r0 , $"s!" (e d,d ;3 &ll"es # p%r% +,$&"%r e$es&!%r0 el $"s," (e e!%" (e >@.<<< !"el%(%s 6!r&$%s %-"3 5,e ser7&r0 (e %!er&% pr&% 5,e ser0 s,&&s!r%(% p"r l% Pl%!% (e Sep%r%$&* (e L45,&("s Gr% C%$". 4
Se2 l%s pr"#e$$&"es es!%!%les % p%r!&r (el %-" 1. Pl%!% (e E!&le" # P"l&e!&le" (e Y%$,&)%. Re$,per%(" el ;< (e Eer" (el 3 (e !!pses.s$r&)(.$"("$?@?;;?<@Pl%!%9(e9E!&le"9#9P"l&e!&le"9FINAL
&./.' CARACTER)STICAS TCNICAS U7!c#c!;*: ,&$&p&" (e Y%$,&)%3 pr"7&$&% Gr% C%$"3 T%r&8% Co<+o e =ro>ec+o _Pl%!% (e e!&le" # p"l&e!&le"` : d,d ?.@< &ll"es Co*<+ruc+or#: Te$&"! S.p.A. /&2e&er% $"$ep!,%l1 Proucc!;* #*u#: @<<.<<< !"el%(%s 6!r&$%s (e p"l&e!&le"s (e (&+ere!es $%r%$!er4s!&$%s Su=er?!c!e: 3> e$!0re%s. C#=#c!# e =roce
@ TMD F,e!e N&'"r. /3 (e !!p.(ere$"s."r2&'"r)"l&7&%("$#p+);;:.!l 1.4 #LANTEA$%ENT& DEL #'&(LE$A
L% pr")le0!&$% (e es!e pr"#e$!" s,r2e % p%r!&r (e 5,e e B"l&7&% s&epre se % ep"r!%(" # 7e(&(" %!er&% pr&% % (&+ere!es p%4ses3 es el $%s" (el pe!r*le" 5,e %l p%s%r p"r , pr"$es" (e re+&%$&* se ")!&ee pr"(,$!"s $"" el 2%s %!,r%l 5,e es ep"r!%(" # $"er$&%l&'%(" $"" %!er&% pr&%. E l"s re$&e!es %-"s se % l"2r%(" l% &plee!%$&* (e pl%!%s 5,e pr"$es% l% %!er&% p%r% l% ")!e$&* (e pr"(,$!"s $" 7%l"r %2re2%(" 5,e s" (e ,$% ,!&l&(%( # e8"r% p%r% el p%4s. Se s%)e 5,e el 2%s %!,r%l es!0 $"p,es!" p"r 7%r&"s &(r"$%r),r"s $"" e!%"3 e!%"3 pr"p%"3 e!$. A p%r!&r (e es!"s &(r"$%r),r"s se p,e(e ")!eer ,% 2r% $%!&(%( (e $"p,es!"s (er&7%("s3 $"" el e!&le" /pl0s!&$"s # s,s (er&7%("s13 se !r%!% (e re$,rs"s ,# ,s%("s e el se$!"r &(,s!r&%l3 $"" %!er&% pr&% # (e 2r% ,!&l&(%( p%r% l"s se$!"res &(,s!r&%l3 ("6s!&$% # $"er$&%l. P"r ell" es e$es%r&" re%l&'%r &7es!&2%$&"es p%r% l% &plee!%$&* (e ,% pl%!% pe!r"5,4&$% pr"$es%("r% (e e!&le". 1.5 &()ET%*&S
5
&.0.& OB9ETIVO GENERAL Re%l&'%r l% s&,l%$&* (e l% pl%!% (e pr"(,$$&* (e ETILENO3 % p%r!&r (el $r%5,e" !6r&$" (e ETANO Y PROPANO. Me(&%!e el ,s" (el s&,l%("r Pe!r"9SIM 7.< e es!%(" es!%$&"%r&".
&.0.$ OB9ETIVOS ESPECIFICOS 9
C""$er el e!"r" (e s&,l%$&* (el p%5,e!e (e s&,l%$&* Pe!r"9SIM 7.< # s,s %pl&$%$&"es e el 0re% PETROQUIMICA.
9
Apl&$%r $r&!er&"s !er"(&0&$"s # "(el"s %!e0!&$"s %(e$,%("s % , s&s!e% espe$4+&$".
9
I(e!&+&$%r l%s $"(&$&"es (e "per%$&* *p!&%s e l"s e5,&p"s pr&$&p%les.
9
Espe$&+&$%r $%(% e5,&p" e ,es!r" pr"$es".
9
I!erpre!%r res,l!%("s # (%r se!&(" +4s&$" % l"s res,l!%("s.
9
C""$er l"s e5,&p"s 5,e se eple% e el pr"$es" (e s&,l%$&* (e ,% pl%!% (e pr"(,$$&* (e ETILENO.
9
De!er&%r el re(&&e!" (e l% pl%!% (e E!&le".
1.6 )+ST%,%CAC%&N
T%r&8% es , (ep%r!%e!" pr"(,$!"r # es!r%!62&$". L% &(e% (e %$er es!% pl%!% +,e e +,$&* (e l% e$es&(%(. S& )&e el $"s," /(e p"l&e!&le"1 e el p%4s es ,# re(,$&(" ;> &l !"el%(%s (e %$,er(" %l INE3 s& $"!%r el $"!r%)%("3 %)r0 , %"rr" (e d,d > &ll"es %,%les. A(e0s el e$" (e !eer l% %!er&% pr&% (&sp"&)le p,e(e 2eer%r epres%s 5,e pr"$ese el p"l&e!&le"K # $" ell" se (%r0 , 2r% s%l!" e 2eer%r 7%l"r %2re2%(". N" es l" &s" 7e(er s*l" el p"l&e!&le". I$l,s" (epe(&e(" (el !&p" (e 6s!e se p,e(e &$ree!%r %s!% (&e' 7e$es l"s &2res"s. Es p"s&)le %$er $%r$%s%s (e $el,l%res " p%r!es (e %,!"*7&les3 e!re "!r"s pr"(,$!"s. El p"l&e!&le" se sep%r% $"" ,% %s% +,(&(% # el e!&le" se re$&$l% el pl0s!&$". Se ,!&l&'% e l% &(,s!r&% pl0s!&$% # !e!&l p%r% l% +%)r&$%$&* (e ,% 7%r&e(%( (e pr"(,$!"s. Es ,% !e$"l"24% ,# %7%'%(%. P"(r4%"s &$ree!%r el pre$&" s"l%e!e $" el p"l&e!&le" (e %l!% " )%8% (es&(%( % !r%76s (e l% &plee!%$&* (e +0)r&$%s (e !er$er% 2eer%$&*.
6
CAPITULO II $
CARACTERISTICAS DE LA MATERIA PRIMA Y EL PRODUCTO
2.1 DESC'%#C%-N DE LA $ATE'%A #'%$A
$.&.& ETANO El e!%" es , $"p,es!" "r20&$" pr"(,$!" (el el%$e e!re el $%r)"" e &(r"2e"3 $,#% +*r,l% 5,4&$% es CH@3 es el %l$%" 0s se$&ll" 5,e p,e(e e&s!&r e (&+ere!es $"+"r%$&"es ("(e $%(% ," (e l"s 0!""s (e &(r"2e" es!0 ,&(" %l (e $%r)"" p"r e(&" (e , el%$e $"7%le!e. Per!ee$e % l"s &(r"$%r),r"s %r"0!&$"s3 es se2,(" &e)r" (e l% ser&e (e l"s %l$%"s " ser&e p%r%+&&$% /5,e !&ee p"$% %+&&(%(1. F,e!e /3 (e !!p.5,&&$%"r2%&$%."r2e!%".!l
TABLA $.&.& Pr"p&e(%(es +4s&$%s # 5,4&$%s (el e!%" F"r,l% 5,4&$% C"l"r Ol"r pes" "le$,l%r +%se s"l&(%
CH@ I$"l"r" I"("r" ;<.<@:2"l P,!" (e +,s&* 9?;.;OC
F%se l&5,&(%
C%l"r l%!e!e (e +,s&* /?..<?J2 Des&(%( (el l45,&(" /?.;.;; E5,&7%le$&% l&5,&(" 2%s / ?. OC1 .? 7"l7"l P,!" (e e),ll&$&* /?.OC C%l"r l%!e!e (e +,s&* /?.
F%se 2%se"s"
Pres&* (e V%p"r /% ? OC " < OC1 ;.> )%r Des&(%( (el 2%s /?.2; Des&(%( (el 2%s /?. OC1 ?. 2; F%$!" (e $"pres&)&l&(%(/'1 /?. OC1 <.::?>@ Gr%7e(%( espe$&+&$% /%&re?1 ?.<>
V"l,e espe$&+&$" /?.
V&s$"s&(%( /?. p"&se Teper%!,r% $r&!&$% ;.? OC Pres&* $r&!&$% . )%r
P,!" !r&ple
Des&(%( $r&!&$% <@.? 2; Teper%!,r% (el p,!" !r&ple 9?. OC
M&s$el0e"s
Pres&* (el p,!" !r&ple <.<<<7"l7"l
Teper%!,r% (e %,!" &2&$&* >?>OC F,e!e E$&$l"pe(&% (e l"s 2%ses /. (e !!pe$#$l"pe(&%.%&rl&5,&(e.$"e$#$l"pe(&%.%spcG%sID>;fL%2,%2eID:fC",!r#ID?:
$.&.$ OBTENCI(N DEL ETANO P"r l" 2eer%l se ")!&ee e(&%!e ,% &(r"2e%$&* (el $%r)"" " (&*&(" (e $%r)"". Me(&%!e l% re%$$&* (el $%r),r" (e %l,&&" $" el %2,%. Es p"s&)le e$"!r%rl" (e +"r% %!,r%l e l%s &%s (e $%r)* e es!%(" 2%se"s" # e l"s pr"$es"s se$,(%r&"s (el pr"$es" (el re+&%(" (el pe!r*le". F,e!e /3(e !!p.5,&&$%"r2%&$%."r2e!%".!l
I*?or@#c!;* e o7+e*c!;* e# e+#*o L% Pl%!% (e Gr% C%$" es l% 0s 2r%(e %s!% el "e!" e B"l&7&% # % s&(" $"s!r,&(% p"r l% epres% esp%-"l% T6$&$%s Re,&(%s /TR13 l4(er e el $%p" (e l% &2e&er4% # ple%e!e $"pr"e!&(% $" el (es%rr"ll" (el p%4s. El ")8e!&7" (e l% Pl%!% es pr"$es%r l% $"rr&e!e (e 2%s %!,r%l 5,e B"l&7&% ep"r!% % Ar2e!&% p"r el 2%s"(,$!" (e I!e2r%$&* J,%% A',r(,# /GIJA13 # sep%r%r (e l% $"rr&e!e (e 2%s l"s pr"(,$!"s E!%"3 G%s L&$,%(" (e Pe!r*le" /Pr"p%" g B,!%"13 Is"pe!%" # G%s"l&% N%!,r%l Es!%)&l&'%(%. El e!%" 5,e se e!r%e ser7&r0 (e %!er&% pr&% p%r% ,% p"!e$&%l +,!,r% pe!r"5,4&$% /P"l&e!&le"1 5,e es!0 e el Pl% (e I7ers&"es 9<< (el G")&er" p"r l" 5,e p"r el "e!" l% pl%!% (e Gr% C%$" " 7% % e!r%er el e!%" #% 5,e % " e&s!e el $"s,&("r3 %,5,e TR l" 7% % (e8%r "per%!&7". F,e!e M&&s!er&" (e As,!"s E!er&"res # C""per%$&*. /3 (e !!p.e!er&"res.2").esE)%8%(%sLAPAZesN"!&$&%sP%2&%sAr!&$,l"s
$.&./ PRODUCTIVIDAD U% 7e' 5,e Gr% C%$" e!re e +,$&"%&e!" +"r%l pr"$es%r0 ;3 &ll"es (e e!r"s $)&$"s (4% /MM$(1 (e 2%s %!,r%l3 p%r% pr"(,$&r . !"el%(%s 6!r&$%s (4% (e GLP /Pr"p%" g B,!%"1 # ;.? !"el%(%s 6!r&$%s (4% (e e!%". A(e0s se s,% l% pr"(,$$&* (e ?.< )%rr&les (e &s"pe!%" # ?.@> )%rr&les (&%r&"s (e 2%s"l&% %!,r%l3 (e %$,er(" % (%!"s "+&$&%les. Geer%r0 &s,"s $"" e!%" p%r% pl0s!&$"s )l%("s # pr"p%" p%r% pl0s!&$"s (,r"s $" (es!&" %l $"ple8" pe!r"5,4&$". Gr% C%$" 2%r%!&'% el %)%s!e$&&e!" &!er"3 per" !%)&6 &$ree!%r0 e 2r% e(&(% l% ep"r!%$&* (e G%s L&$,%(" (e Pe!r*le" /GLP13 #% 5,e es% +%$!"r4% es se&s 7e$es 0s 2r%(e 5,e l% &s!%l%(% e R4" Gr%(e /S%!% Cr,'1 # l% !er$er% $" %#"r $%p%$&(%( (e pr"(,$$&* (e S,(%6r&$%.
Fue*+e: M&&s!er&" (e C",&$%$&*./.<<< eple"s (&re$!"s # pr"#e$!% d,s << &ll"es (e ,!&l&(%( e!% %,%l. Re$,per%(" el : (e Eer" (el 3 (e !!p.$",&$%$&".2").)"c5
$.&.' USO Y APLICACIONES DEL ETANO P%r% ")!eer el p"l&e!&le" l" 5,e es (e 2r% &p"r!%$&% e l% 7&(% (&%r&% # se ,s% e 2r% 7%r&e(%( (e $"s%s $"" p"r e8epl" )"ls%s3 %s&s!e!es el6$!r&$"s3 8,2,e!es3 l%p&$er"s3 e!$.
E l% &(,s!r&% 5,4&$% se ,s% p%r% l% ")!e$&* (e Al$""l E!4l&$"3 Cl"r,r" (e V&&l" # es!&re".
Pr"(,$$&* (e e!&le" pr"p&le" (&e" "*er" /EPDM1 (e 2r% &p"r!%$&% e l% &(,s!r&% (e %,!"s.
C"" %!er&% pr&% e l% &(,s!r&% 5,4&$% "r20&$% s&!6!&$%. Se eple% p%r% pr"7"$%r l% %(,r%$&* (e l% +r,!%. Se eple% p%r% l% ")!e$&* (e p"l4er"s3 Se ,!&l&'% p%r% ")!eer el pl0s!&$" p"l&e!&le". Se ,!&l&'% p%r% ")!eer %l$""l e!4l&$". Se ,!&l&'% p%r% ")!eer %l$""l e!4l&$". Se ,s%r e %le%$&"es $" "!r"s pl0s!&$"s %s4 p"r e8epl"s3 el ABS $" el PVC (% , pl0s!&$" (e %l!% res&s!e$&% % l% ll%% 5,e le per&!e e$"!r%r %pl&" ,s" e l%
0
$"s!r,$$&* (e !ele7&s"res. T%)&6 se le p,e(e %-%(&r PTFE /!e+l*1 p%r% re(,$&r s, $"e+&$&e!e (e +r&$$&* " $"p,es!"s %l"2e%("s p%r% %,e!%r s, res&s!e$&% %l +,e2".
Fue*+e: /1. Apl&$%$&"es # ,s"s (el e!%". Re$,per%(" el ;?(e Eer" (el . De !!pe$#$l"pe(&%.%&rl&5,&(e.$"e$#$l"pe(&%.%spcG%sID>;fL%2,%2eID:fC",!r#ID?:
$.&.0 PROPANO El pr"p%" es , &(r"$%r),r" %l&+0!&$" (e !res 0!""s (e $%r)""3 es!e es ,% 2%s 5,e (er&7% (el pe!r*le". C" ,% +"r,l% 5,4&$% (e C;H3 el pr"p%" +"r% p%r!e (e l"s %l$%"s #% 5,e (&sp"e &$%e!e (e 0!""s (e &(r"2e" # (e $%r)"" 7&$,l%("s (e el%$es s&ples. El 2%s pr"p%" % e&s!&(" (,r%!e &ll"es (e %-"s per" " l" s%)4%"s. Se e$,e!r% e!err%(" )%8" l% s,per+&$&e (e l% !&err% e'$l%(" $" 2%s %!,r%l " $" pe!r*le".
Fue*+e: /3 (e!!p(e+&&$&".(epr"p%" $.&.1 GENERALIDADES DEL PROPANO El 2%s pr"p%" es , &(r"$%r),r". Se +"r* %$e &ll"es (e %-"s ,$" %!es (e l% e&s!e$&% (e l"s (&"s%,r&"s. Al &2,%l 5,e el pe!r*le" # 5,e el 2%s3 el pr"p%" se +"r* (e &s$,l"s %&%les %r&"s # (e pl%!%s. Es ,% +,e!e (e eer24% " re"7%)le.
E #< =ro=#*o e< =or+6+! El pr"p%" e +"r% l45,&(% es ,$" 0s +0$&l (e !r%sp"r!%r e )")"%s (e , l,2%r % "!r". Es p"r!0!&l3 es (e$&r 5,e se p,e(e !r%sp"r!%r +0$&le!e. N"s"!r"s ,s%"s )")"%s pe5,e-%s (e pr"p%" p%r% %$er +,$&"%r ,es!r%s p%rr&ll%s
E =ro=#*o e< u* co@7u<+!7e !@=!o Al2,"s $"$es # %,!"),ses +,$&"% % )%se (e 2%s pr"p%" #% 5,e es , !&p" (e $"),s!&)le ,# l&p&" # " $"!%&% el %&re $"" l% 2%s"l&%. S& e)%r2" s,s "!"res (e)e ser "(&+&$%("s p%r% p"(er ,s%r el 2%s pr"p%" # es!" es $%r". T%p"$" %# ,$%s 2%s"l&er%s 5,e 7e(% 2%s pr"p%".
Fue*+e: /<<>1. Pr"%e. Re$,per%(" el ;< (e eer" (el . De !!p.ee(."r2+&les$,rr&$,l,sp%&sW%!=<&s=.p(+
TABLA $.&.$ Pr"p&e(%(es +4s&$%s # 5,4&$%s (el pr"p%" F"r,l% 5,4&
%$C;H 1
C"l"r Ol"r pes" "le$,l%r +%se s"l&(%
I$"l"r" I"("r" .<:@2"l P,!" (e +,s&* 9?.:OC
F%se l&5,&(%
C%l"r l%!e!e (e +,s&* /?.<.2; E5,&7%le$&% l&5,&(" 2%s / ?. OC P,!" (e e),ll&$&* /?..>:J2
F%se 2%se"s"
Pres&* (e V%p"r /% ? OC " < OC1 .> )%r Des&(%( (el 2%s /?. OC1 ?.: 2; F%$!" (e $"pres&)&l&(%(/'1 /?. OC1 <.:?: Gr%7e(%( espe$&+&$% /%&re?1 ?.>> V"l,e espe$&+&$" /?.@ ; 2
P,!" $r4!&$"
V&s$"s&(%( /?. p"&se Teper%!,r% $r&!&$% :@. OC Pres&* $r&!&$% .>? )%r
P,!" !r&ple
Des&(%( $r&!&$% <. 2; Teper%!,r% (el p,!" !r&ple 9?.@ OC
M&s$el0e"s
Pres&* (el p,!" !r&ple ?.E9<: 2; S"l,)&l&(%( e %2,% /?.
F,e!e E$&$l"pe(&% (e l"s 2%ses. /3 (e !!pe$#$l"pe(&%.%&rl&5,&(e.$"e$#$l"pe(&%.%spcG%sID>;fL%2,%2eID:fC",!r#ID?:
$.&.2 OBTENCI(N DEL PROPANO El pr"p%" p,e(e ")!eerse % p%r!&r (e (&s!&!"s pr"$e(&&e!"s pe!r"5,4&$"s " &$l,s" % p%r!&r (el 2%s %!,r%l
Fue*+e: /3 (e !!p.$"s!r,%!&$%.$"$"s!r,pe(&%G%shPr"p%" 11
$.&.3 USOS DEL PROPANO L%s pe5,e-%s # e(&%%s &(,s!r&%s %$e ,s" (el pr"p%" pr&$&p%le!e p%r% $%le!%r %!er&%les " %)&e!es %s!% %l!%s !eper%!,r%s. L%s %$!&7&(%(es &(,s!r&%les 0s $"e!e $""$&(%s p"r el ,s" (e pr"p%" s"
H"r"s p%r% l% +%)r&$%$&* (e $er0&$%3 p%%(er4%s Se$%(er"s &(,s!r&%les S&(er,r2&% # e!%l,r2&% Gr%8%s %2r4$"l%s # 2r%8%s %74$"l%s H"!eles C%le+%$$&* p"r e(&" (e !,)"s r%(&%!es S,el"s r%(&%!es A&re $%l&e!e p%r% &7er%(er"s3 2r%8%s " l"$%les A2,% C%l&e!e S%&!%r&% /ACS1 Ve4$,l"s $"" $"$es " $%rre!&ll%s ele7%("r%s Us"s ("6s!&$"s (el pr"p%" L"s ,s"s ("6s!&$"s (el pr"p%" /7&7&e(%s # $%s%s (e $%p"1 %,5,e s" 0s l&&!%("s3 (&sp"e (e l%s &s%s 7e!%8%s 5,e el ,s" &(,s!r&%l (e es!e 2%s l&$,%(" (el pe!r*le" /GLP1
C%l(er%s (e $%le+%$$&* A2,% C%l&e!e S%&!%r&% /ACS1 p"r e(&" (e $%l(er%s C"$&% (e 2%s F,e!e G"'%l" L%er%. /1. Us"s (el Pr"p%". Re$,per%(" ;? (e Eer" (el 3 (e !!ppre$&"2%s.$"pr"p%",s"s 2.2 ENE'AL%DADES DEL #'&D+CT&
$.$.& ETILENO Es , 2%s &$"l"r" $" s,%7e "l"r # s%)"rK es ," (e l"s pr"(,$!"s 5,4&$"s 0s
&p"r!%!es
e l" 5,e % &(,s!r&% se re+&ere El e!&le" " e!e" es , $"p,es!" 5,4&$" "r20&$" +"r%(" p"r ("s 0!""s (e $%r)"" el%'%("s e(&%!e , (")le el%$e. Es ," (e l"s pr"(,$!"s 5,4&$"s 0s &p"r!%!es (e l% &(,s!r&% 5,4&$%3 s&e(" el $"p,es!" "r20&$" 0s ,!&l&'%(" e !"(" el ,(". Se %ll% (e +"r% %!,r%l e l%s pl%!%s. 12
Es , 2%s &$"l"r" $" s,%7e "l"r # s%)"rK es ," (e l"s pr"(,$!"s 5,4&$"s 0s
&p"r!%!es
e l" 5,e % &(,s!r&% se re+&ere.
E e+!e*o3 !%)&6 $""$&(" )%8" el ")re (e e!e" es , $"p,es!" "r20&$"3 per!ee$&e!e % l% +%&l&% (e l"s &(r"$%r),r"s &s%!,r%("s3 (e!r" (e l"s $,%les3 el e!&le" es el 0s s&ple3 +"r%(" p"r ("s 0!""s (e $%r)"" el%'%("s e(&%!e , (")le el%$e. Es ," (e l"s pr"(,$!"s 5,4&$"s 0s &p"r!%!es (e l% &(,s!r&% 5,4&$%. Se %ll% (e +"r% %!,r%l e l%s pl%!%s. Es!r,$!,r% L% "l6$,l% " p,e(e r"!%r %lre(e("r (el (")le el%$e # !"("s l"s 0!""s es!0 e el &s" pl%". El 02,l" e!re l"s ("s el%$es $%r)""9&(r*2e" es (e ??i3 ,# pr*&" % l"s ?
Re#c+!"!# u@!c#: L% re2&* (el (")le el%$e es rel%!&7%e!e r&$% e (es&(%( ele$!r*&$% # p,e(e re%$$&"%r $" ele$!r*+&l"s /$" (e+&$&e$&% (e ele$!r"es1 % !r%76s (e re%$$&"es (e %(&$&*. Me(&%!e es!e !&p" (e re%$$&"es se p,e(e s&!e!&'%r (er&7%("s %l"2e%("s. E $"(&$&"es "r%les se e$,e!r% e es!%(" 2%se"s"3 $" , $%r%$!er4s!&$" %r"% " (es%2r%(%)le. Es %l!%e!e &+l%%)le3 es p"l&er&'%)le # per"&(%)le. Re%$$&"% 7&"le!%e!e $" "&(%!es # $l"r" e prese$&% (e l,'.
TABLA $.$.& Pr"p&e(%(es +4s&$%s # 5,4&$%s (el e!&le" F*r,l% "le$,l%r M%s% "le$,l%r Ap%r&e$&% Des&(%( P,!" (e +,s&* P,!" (e e),ll&$&* Teper%!,r% $r4!&$% Pro=!e#e< u@!c#< e E+!e*o
CHCH .<> 2"l G%s &$"l"r" ?? 2; 9?@:. C 9?<;. C .: Des&(%( (e ?? 2; P,!" (e e),ll&$&* 9?<;.iC P,!" (e +,s&* 9?@:.iC M%s% "le$,l%r .<> 2"l
S"l,)&l&(%( e %2,% F,e!e E$&$l"pe(&% (e l"s 2%ses. /3 (e !!p.e$#$l"pe(&%.%&rl&5,&(e.$" 13
$.$.$ USOS Y APLICACIONES DEL ETILENO El e!&le" "$,p% el se2e!" 0s &p"r!%!e (e l% &(,s!r&% pe!r"5,4&$% # es $"7er!&(" e ,% 2r% $%!&(%( (e pr"(,$!"s +&%les e &!ere(&"s $"" pl0s!&$"s3 res&%s3 +&)r%s # el%s!*er"s /!"("s ell"s p"l4er"s1 # s"l7e!es3 re$,)r&&e!"s3 pl%s!&+&$%!es # %!&$"2el%!es. A $"!&,%$&* %re"s ,% (es$r&p$&* (e l"s $"p,es!"s 5,e se ")!&ee &(,s!r&%le!e % p%r!&r (el e!&le"
(otellas En"ases Alta Es , !er"pl0s!&$" 5,e se $%r%$!er&'% p"r serdensidad res&s!e!e3 +le&)le # )u9uetes p"$" (es". C"" e8epl"s (e %pl&$%$&* se p,e(e ")r%r re$&p&e!es3 !,)"s +le&)les3 s"2%s ##rotección pel4$,l%s. de ca!les Tu!eras 'esinas de olietileno H%# ("s $l%ses (e P"l&e!&le"K el (e %l!% (es&(%( /<3:?9<3:< 2rsl1 5,e se y,s%l7:inas p%r% !,)er4%s # #elculas
Po!e+!e*o PE
(es%2jes3 espe$&%le!e p%r% +"r%s $"rr,2%(%s (e 2r% (&0e!r". Y el (e )%8% (es&(%( /<3:?<9 'ecu!ri:iento de ca!les En"ases # re$,)r&&e!"s (e (a8a(e densidad <3:< 2rsl1 5,e se ,!&l&'% e l% +%)r&$%$&* pel4$,l%s3 $%)les3 %l%)res #elculas y l7:inas p%pel. #elculas en aeles F,e!e E(,%r(" S"l4s. /1. Pl%!% Esteres (e E!&le" P"l&e!&le" (e L>uido Y%$,&)%.ara Re$,per%(" ;renos ;? (e de #9licol Sol"entes 9FINAL eer" (el 3 (e !!pses.s$r&)(.$"("$...P#*+#-e-E+!e*o->-Po!e+!e*o
-
Anticon9elantes Celo;an E<losi"os ,i!ras #elculas Secadores de 9as A9entes de acti"ación suer=cie A!sor!edores de 9ases 7cidos Te
licoles
Etileno
F!ur# $.$.& A:inas
Us"s # %pl&$%$&"es (el e!&le"
Etanol
Acetaldedo
Anidro actico
Acido actico
Etil!enceno
Sol"entes Acetato de etilo
Estireno
Cloruro de "inilo
Peña. (2008). p. 13)
#l7sticos de estireno Cauco sinttico #l7stico s
14 Fuente:
,i!ras Acetato de celulosa Asirina
Cauco de alta tenacidad Alcooles Di!ro:uros de etileno
2.3 #'&#%LEN&
El pr"p&le" " pr"pe"3 es , &(r"$%r),r" 2%se"s" " s%!,r%("3 (e l"s %l5,e"s3 &$"l"r"3 5,e se ")!&ee p"r l% re+&%$&* (el pe!r*le" # se eple% e l% el%)"r%$&* (e l% %$e!"% # pl0s!&$"s &(,s!r&%les. F,e!e /1. Pr"p&le"3 Re$,per%(" (e Eer" (el 3 (e !!p."(re+ere$e.$"(e+&&$&"pr"p&le" El pr"p&le" es , $"p,es!" 5,4&$" "r20&$" (e +*r,l% "le$,l%r C;H@. Es , 2%s ,# re%$!&7" e &+l%%)le 5,e re%$$&"% 7&"le!%e!e $" l"s %!er&%les "&(%!es. Se ")!&ee % p%r!&r (e l%s +r%$$&"es l&2er%s (el pe!r*le"3 % pes%r (e 5,e e pe5,e-%s $%!&(%(es !%)&6 se e$,e!r%3 e l"s (ep*s&!"s (e 2%s %!,r%l. Se ,!&l&'% s")re !"(" p%r% l% ")!e$&* (e 2%s"l&%s (e %l!" "$!%%8e. T%)&6 se ,!&l&'% e l% s4!es&s (e s,s (er&7%("s3 $"" l"s p"l4er"s3 (&s"l7e!es3 res&%s3 e!$. F,e!e /3 !!p.%l+&%l.$"Te%s=ro=!e*o.pp
TABLA $.$.$ Pr"p&e(%(es +4s&$%s # 5,4&$%s (el pr"p%" F"r,l% 5,4&$% C"l"r Ol"r pes" "le$,l%r +%se s"l&(%
C;H@ I$"l"r" I"("r" .< 2"l P,!" (e +,s&* 9?>.@OC
F%se l&5,&(%
C%l"r l%!e!e (e +,s&* /?. OC1 ;. 7"l7"l P,!" (e e),ll&$&* /?.
F%se 2%se"s"
Pres&* (e V%p"r /% ? OC " < OC1 ?<.? )%r Des&(%( (el 2%s /?.?2; Des&(%( (el 2%s /?. OC1 ?.<; 2; F%$!" (e $"pres&)&l&(%(/'1 /?. OC1 <.:;:; Gr%7e(%( espe$&+&$% /%&re?1 ?. 15
V"l,e espe$&+&$" /?.; ; 2 P,!" $r4!&$"
V&s$"s&(%( /?. p"&se Teper%!,r% $r&!&$% :?.<@ OC Pres&* $r&!&$% >.>> )%r
P,!" !r&ple
Des&(%( $r&!&$% ;<.<? 2; Teper%!,r% (el p,!" !r&ple 9?>. OC
M&s$el0e"s
Pres&* (el p,!" !r&ple .E9: 2; S"l,)&l&(%( e %2,% /?.
F,e!e E$&$l"pe(&% (e l"s 2%ses. /3 (e !!pe$#$l"pe(&%.%&rl&5,&(e.$"e$#$l"pe(&%.%spcG%sID>fL%2,%2eID:fC",!r#ID?:
$./.& OBTENCI(N DEL PROPILENO Se ")!&ee $"" pr"(,$!" e l% p&r*l&s&s (e &(r"$%r),r"s 8,!" $" el e!&le". T&ee l!&ples %pl&$%$&"es $"" "l6$,l% (e p%r!&(% p%r% ,$%s "!r%s "l6$,l%s3 e!re l%s 5,e (es!%$% k Al$""l &s"pr"p4l&$" /9pr"p%"l1 k Al$""l pr"p4l&$" /?9pr"p%"l1 k &(" (e pr"p&le" k Pr"p&l62l&$"l k Der&7%("s %l"2e%("s (e &(r"$%r),r"s k $&(" %$6!&$"
$./.$ USO DEL PROPILENO L"s ,s"s (el pr"p&le" %)%r$% l% e'$l% p%r% 2%s"l&% /<= (e 7"l,e13 $"" p"l4er"3 p%r% pr"p&le"3 s4!es&s (e &s"pr"p%"l # !e!r0er"s p%r% (e!er2e!es3 "&(" (e pr"l&pr"p&l)e$e" # 2l&$er&%. T%)&6 se ,!&l&'% e l%)"r%!"r&"s3 e el 5,e el pr"p&le" es ,s% e e'$l%s (e 2%ses (e $%l&)r%$&* p%r% l% &(,s!r&% pe!r"5,4&$%3 "&!"r&'%$&* (e e&s&"es %)&e!%les3 $"!r"l (e &2&ee &(,s!r&%l # !r%'% (e &p,re'%s e %%l&'%("res. . E$&$l"pe(&% (e l"s 2%ses. Pr"p&le"3 Re$,per%(" (e !!pe$#$l"pe(&%.%&rl&5,&(e.$"e$#$l"pe(&%.%spcG%sID>fL%2,%2eID:fC",!r#ID?:
16
E l% s4!es&s (el p"l&pr"p&le" L% %(&$&* (e %2,% e $"(&$&"es p"l%res (% &s"9pr"p%"l 5,e p,e(e ser "&(%(" % l% $e!"%.
L% %(&$&* (e %2,% e $"(&$&"es r%(&$%l%r&%s se ")!&ee 9pr"p%"
1
CAPITULO III /
DESCRIPCION DE LOS EQUIPOS Y ECUACIONES
3.1 $&DEL& TE'$&D%N?$%Co
9
L% e$,%$&* (e es!%(" (e PENG9ROBINSON es ,% e$,%$&* "(&+&$%(% (e V% (er W%%ls # (e l% e$,%$&* (e Re(l&$ "23 # , &!e!" (e e8"r%&e!" (e l% e$,%$&* (e SR.
9
T&ee %#"r pre$&s&* e el $0l$,l" (e +%$!"r (e $"pres&)&l&(%(3 !%!" p%r% l"s $"p,es!"s p"l%res # " p"l%res $"p%r%(" $" l"s res,l!%("s ")!e&("s eper&e!%le!e.
9
L% e$,%$&* $,)&$% es $%p%' (e (es$r&)&r $" pre$&s&* el es!%(" l45,&(" (e l"s +l,&("s.
9
L% e$,%$&* (e Pe29R")&s" es 70l&(% p%r% !"("s l"s 2%ses e $"(&$&"es %le8%(%s (e l% "r%l. Es 70l&(% p%r% !"(%s l%s pres&"es e$ep!" l% $r4!&$%.
9
H% s&(" %pl&$%(% $" 6&!" % 2%ses # l45,&("s3 # es e+&$%' e l% pre(&$$&* (e pr"p&e(%(es (e e'$l%s. /Aspe!e$ V.;3 ?:?9
/.&.& ECUACI(N DE ESTADO DE PENG-ROBINSON El 6!"(" 5,e se %8,s!% )&e %l pr"$es"3 es l% e$,%$&* es!0(%r (e Pe29R")&s" %s"$&%(" $" l%s 7"l%!&l&(%(es rel%!&7%s es!0(%r3 es re$"e(%(" p%r% pr"$es" (e !r%s+"r%$&* (e &(r"$%r),r"s $"" pr"$es%&e!" (el 2%s3 re+&%$&* # pr"$es"s pe!r"5,4&$"s. Es ,s%(" p%r% e'$l%s " p"l%res # p"l%res $"" p"r e8epl" e'$l%s (e &(r"$%r),r"s # 2%ses l&2er"s $"" (&*&(" (e $%r)""3 s,l+,r" (e &(r*2e" e &(r*2e". Es p%r!&$,l%re!e %pr"p&%(" p%r% s&s!e%s 5,e "per% % %l!%s !eper%!,r%s # pres&"es $"" l" es el pr"$es%&e!" (e &(r"$%r),r"s # e!r%$$&"es s,per$r4!&$%s. L% e$,%$&* (e es!%(" p%r% es!e "(el" es P=
2T a∗α − V −b V ( V + b )+ b ( V − b )
E$. ;.?
E +,$&* (el +%$!"r (e $"pres&)&l&(%(. Es l% rel%$&* (el 7"l,e %$!,%l (e , 2%s %l 7"l,e (e , 2%s per+e$!" % l%s &s%s $"(&$&"es.
1/
9
C,%(" ' es (&+ere!e % ? e!"$es el 2%s se $"p"r!% $"" , 2%s re%l
9
C,%(" ' es &2,%l % ? e!"$es el 2%s se $"p"r!% $"" , 2%s &(e%l Z + ( 1− B ) Z + ( A −2 B −3 B ) Z −( AB − B − B ) =0 3
2
2
2
3
E$. ;.
Se ")!&ee !res r%4$es re%les3 $"rresp"(&e(" ' 7%l"r %#"r $"rresp"(e % l% +%se 7%p"r /ZG1 ' 7%l"r &!ere(&" " !&ee ,s" pr0$!&$". ' 7%l"r e"r $"rresp"(e % l% +%se l45,&(% /ZL1. C"s!%!es (e l% e$,%$&* (e Pe2 R")&s" b =0.077796
a =0.457235 0.5
2 Tc Pc
E$. ;..?
( 2 Tc )2
E$. ;..
Pc 0.5
α =1 + S i ( 1−Tr )
E$. ;..; 2
S =0.37464 + 1.54226 ω −0.26992 ω A =
B=
E$. ;..
aP
E$. ;..>
( 2T )2
bP 2T
E$. ;..@
P%r% e'$l%s '
"ibi ∑ =
b=
E$. ;.;
i 1
'
'
"i "j ( aiaj ) ∑ ∑ = =
a=
0.5
E$. ;.
i 1 j 1
D"(e T$ !eper%!,r% $r&!&$% 10
P$ Pres&* $r&!&$% & +r%$$&* "l%r %3 )3 A3 B $!!es (e l% E$. De Pe2 R")&s" +%$!"r %$6!r&$" F,e!e /Aspe!e$ V.;3 ?:?9
E*+#=!# =ro=!e# re
[ ( )]
7G
H − H = PV − 2T − a−
V + b ( 1 + √ 2 ) *a 1 T ln *T 2 √ 2 b V + b ( 1−√ 2 )
E$. ;.>
D"(e 7G
H
e!%lp&% (el 2%s &(e%l $%l$,l%(% % l% !eper%!,r%3 T
P pres&* (e "per%$&* V 7"l,e "l%r !"!%l R $"s!%!e (el 2%s &(e%l F,e!e /Aspe!e$ V.;3 ?:?9
E*+ro=# =ro=!e#e< re
V + b (
¿ ¿
V + b ( 1−√ 2 )
( S− S 7G )= 2 ln
¿)
*a *T
E$. ;.@
¿ V −b 1 − ∗ln ¿ 2∗T 2∗b √ 2
( )
D"(e 7G
S
e!r"p4% (el 2%s &(e%l $%l$,l%(% % l% !eper%!,r% T
T !eper%!,r% (el s&s!e% R $"s!%!e (el 2%s &(e%l V 7"l,e "l%r !"!%l F,e!e /Aspe!e$ V.;3 ?:?9
C#=#c!# c#or?!c# 9
A P $!!e 2
V
∫
7G
Cp −Cp =−T
8
9
( ) 2
9 P 2 9T
*V + 2 +
V
( ) ( )
9 V T 9T P *V *P
2
E$. ;.
T
A V $!!e C+ =Cp+
( ) ( )
9P T 9 T *P *V
2
V
E$.
T
;. D"(e 7G
Cp
$%p%$&(%( $%l"r4+&$% (el 2%s &(e%l $%l$,l%(% % l% !eper%!,r% T
P pres&* (el s&s!e% T !eper%!,r% (el s&s!e% V 7"l,e "l%r R $"s!%!e (el 2%s &(e%l F,e!e /Aspe!e$ V.;3 ?:?9
Coe?!c!e*+e e ?u#c!#: ln ϕ i=−ln ( V − b ) +
(
)(
V + b ( 1 + √ 2 ) b´ a a´ ´b ln + −1 + + V −b 2 √ 2 b b b V + b ( 1−√ 2 )
)
E$. ;.:
S&e(" 2
9n a a´ = 9n
-
b´ =
9nb 9n
E$. ;.?<
C.F. (e ,% s,s!%$&% p,r% lnϕ= : −1 −ln ( : − B )−
(
A : + 2.414 B ln : − 0.414 B 2 √ 2 B
)
F,e!e /Aspe!e$ V.;3 ?:?9
E$. ;.??
El "(el" (e "r" s&,l% ,% re+&er4%. El "(el" re%l&'% el $0l$,l" (e $%l"r (e!%ll%(% $0l$,l"s (el )%l%$e3 l"s $0l$,l"s (e $%4(% (e pres&* # %s,e 5,e el $r%5,e" !&ee l,2%r e el "r". Es "!%)le 5,e el "r" (e 2%s pr"(,'$% ?3> 7e$es 0s e!&le" 5,e "r" (e l45,&(". A(e0s3 l% p&r"l&s&s (e e!%" es $"p%r%!&7%e!e se$&ll" # 0s )%r%!" 5,e "!r" &(r"$%r),r". El %$e&!e se &!r"(,$e e el "r" # 7&%8% % !r%76s (el !,)" 5,e es!0 ep,es!% % l% +,e!e (e $%l"r. C"" el !,)" se $%l&e!%3 l% 7&s$"s&(%( (el %$e&!e (&s&,#e l" 5,e per&!e +%$&l&(%( (e !r%sp"r!e (el %$e&!e % !r%76s (e l% !,)er4%. H%# ("s !,)"s (e $",es se$$&"es e el "r"
Se$$&* (e $"7e$$&* !,)" se $%l&e!% p"r $"rr&e!es (e $"7e$$&* 2eer%(%s p"r el $%l"r. Se$$&* (e r%(&%$&* !,)" se $%l&e!% (&re$!%e!e p"r l% r%(&%$&* (e l% +,e!e (e $%l"r. El "(el" (e "r" $%l$,l% el &!er&"r (e $%l"r pel4$,l% (e %$e&!e3 $"e+&$&e!es (e !r%s+ere$&%3 ,!&l&'%(" e$,%$&"es # 2r0+&$"s. /BC A(7%$e( Te$"l"2&es3 <<>9 ;9?>;@1.
L#< +e@=er#+ur#< e +u7o e # =#re e @e+#: El "(el" (e "r" $%l$,l% p&el !,)" !eper%!,r%s3 $"" s&2,e. T SK7' =T BU3K + !T F73 ∗! T C4K< + ! T
E$. ;.?
S&e(" ! T F73 =
D e"% 7 ∗ a" $l(jo*e calor #i D ∫ coke
! T C4K< =
TH coke k coke
! T
TH %(+e k me%al
E$. ;.?;
D∫ ¿+ D ∗ a" $l(jo *e calor ∫ 2 D e"% coke
¿
D e"% + D∫ ¿∗ a" $l(jo *e calor 2 De"%
E$. ;.?>
¿
Fl,8" (e $%l"r % $%l"r r%(&%!e e(&% Fl,8" K 1
K 2
E$. ;.?
K 3
D"(e T SK7' =¿
Teper%!,r% (el e!%l
T BU3K =¿
Teper%!,r% (e l% %s% (el +l,&("
22
! T F73 =¿
A,e!" (e l% !eper%!,r% % !r%76s (e l% %$e&!e
! T C4K< =¿
A,e!" (e l% !eper%!,r% % !r%76s (e l% $%p% (e $"5,e
! T
A,e!" (e l% !eper%!,r% % !r%76s (e l% p%re( (el !,)"
#i=¿
De!r" $"e+&$&e!e (e pel4$,l% (e %$e&!e.
D e"% = Diame%ro e"%erno *e la %(beria . D∫ coke =¿ D&0e!r" &!er" (e l% $%p% (e $"5,e. TH coke =¿ k coke =¿
Espes"r (e l% $%p% (e $"5,e
C"(,$!&7&(%( !6r&$% (el $"5,e.
∫ ¿=*iamen%ro in%erno *el %(bo D ¿ TH %(+e=¿ k me%al =¿ K 1=¿
Espes"r (e p%re( (el !,)". C"(,$!&7&(%( "r%l (el e!%l.
F%$!"r (e $"rre$$&* (e &rre2,l%r&(%(es e l% (&s!r&),$&* per&+6r&$% e el !,)"s (e
"r". K 2=¿
F%$!"r (e $"rre$$&* (e &rre2,l%r&(%(es e l% (&s!r&),$&* per&+6r&$% e el !,)" (e "r".
K 3=¿
F%$!"r (e $"rre$$&* (e l% ll%%.
F,e!e /BC A(7%$e( Te$"l"2&es3 <<>9 ;9?>;:1.
/.$.& HORNO DE PIROLISIS El "(el" s&,l% , "r" p&r"l&s&s3 "r" ,s%(" p"r "(el" L,,s
F!ur#: /.& H"r" (e p&r"l&s&s
23
A9ua de ali:entación de calderas
EBuente
@idrocar!uro *aor de dilución
Corriente saturada de alta resión
Fue*+e: BC A(7%$e( Te$"l"2&es3 <<>9 @<1. E !6r&"s s&ples3 el "r" es )0s&$%e!e , re%$!"r (e +l,8"3 # es l% !r%s+ere$&% (e $%l"r l&&!%(%. M%!er&%l (e &(r"$%r),r" e!r% e el "r" # se $%l&e!% e l% se$$&* (e $"7e$$&* %!es (e s"e!erse % 2r&e!%s e l% se$$&* r%(&%!e. Desp,6s (e 5,e el %!er&%l s%le (el "r"3 se e+r4% e , $"(,$!" (e !r%s+ere$&% (e $%l"r &!er$%)&%("r. L% rel%$&* &+l,#e e el )%l%$e (e $%l"r # l% $%!&(%( (e $"5,&'%$&*. P"r l" 2eer%l3 p%r% l"s %l&e!"s 0s pes%("s 5,e e$es&!% , %#"r rel%$&* 7%p"r %$e&!e /7%l"res !4p&$"s s" <.; p%r% C C ;3 <3 p%r% C3 <3> p%r% %+!% l&2er% /s2 <.@@<.13 <3@ p%r% 5,er"se" " (&6sel /s2 <39 <31 # <3> p%r% 0s pes%(% /"le$,l%r pes" ><<9<<1 2%s*le". D,r%!e el ,s"3 le!%e!e l%s )")&%s (e $"5,e /(ep*s&!" (e $%r)"" se +"r% (e!r" (e l%s )")&%s1 p"r es!" es 5,e !&ee 5,e ser l&p&%(" per&*(&$%e!e. E el 7%p"r (e pr"$es" (e (es$%r)"&'%$&* # %&re s" $,&(%("s%e!e $"!r"l%("s p%r% 5,e%r el $"5,e +,er%3 e7&!%(" %l!%s !eper%!,r%s 5,e (%-% l%s )")&%s. S& se re(,$e l% pr"p"r$&* (e 7%p"r se ")!&ee 0s re(&&e!"3 per" %,e!%r el &(r"$%r),r" pres&* p%r$&%l3 # %s4 re(,$&r el re(&&e!". M0s 7%p"r !%)&6 re(,$e l% +"r%$&* (e COCO3 5,e s" &(ese%)les. El %,e!" (e l% se7er&(%( (el "r" pr"(,$e 0s e!&le" # !%)&6 pr"(,$!"s 0s pes%("s. El $r%5,e" (e e!%" !&ee , !4p&$" 0&" (e $"7ers&* (e %lre(e("r (el @= p"r5,e e ese "e!" se ")!&ee res!r&$$&"es (e e5,&l&)r&". /BC A(7%$e( Te$"l"2&es3 <<>9 >:9?>@<1.
T#7# /.& 24
C"(&$&"es (e "per%$&* # (&se-" p%r% el re%$!"r P%r0e!r"s Teper%!,r% (e e'$l% /1 Pres&* (e l% e'$l% /p%1 R%'* (e %s% Vel"$&(%( (e +l,8" D&0e!r" (el !,)" &!er" /1 N,er" (e !,)"s re$!"s L"2&!,( (e re%$!"r !"!%l /1
V%l"r @<<9:>; ;<; <3 <3<< <3?< ?< :>
Fue*+e: Pe-% A(# N"el /<<1. M"(el&2 "+ % !,),l%r re%$!"r +"r e!%e %( pr"p%e p#r"l#s&s. Tr%)%8" (e Gr%(". U&7ers&(%( (el Z,l&%. F%$,l!%( (e I2e&er4%.D&7&s&* (e P"s!2r%(". M%r%$%&)"3 Vee',el%. p.T,!"r Dr. J"r2e S0$e'. L% %l&e!%$&* se &!r"(,$e e l% se$$&* (e $"7e$$&* % ??C # >.: )%r. Es!% $"rr&e!e se (&l,#e $" 7%p"r (e %2,% /<.; 2 (e 7%p"r 2 (e e!%"1 % ?>>C # >. )%r. Es!% e'$l% (e pre$%l&e!% %lre(e("r (e <<C ,!&l&'%(" ,% p&l% $%l&e!e (e 2%s .(esp,6s 5,e se e!r% e l% re%$$&* (e r%(&%$&* ("(e l% "l6$,l%s (e e!%" se r"pe p%r% pr"(,$&r e!&le"3 pr"p4lel" # "!r"s pr"(,$!"s. Es!e pr"$e(&&e!" se lle7% % $%)" e , re%$!"r !,),l%r 5,e se e$,e!r% 7er!&$%le!e e el "r" % <<9 :<< C./S"r"ll%&3 Se&+'%(e3 %!3 />9>>;1.
De
B##*ce e @#+er!# e re#c+or ?uo-=!<+;* Vel"$&(%( (e
7el"$&(%( (e
7el"$&(%( "l%r
7el"$&(%( "l%r (e Fl,8" "l%r (e
9
+l,8" "l%r (e
g
(e 2eer%$&* (e
%$,,l%$&* (e l% l% espe$&e 8 e!r%(% % V
espe$&e 8
l% espe$&e 8 (e!r"
(e!r" (e !
s%l&(% /Vg ! V 1
(e!r" (e ! V 25
espe$&e 8
F 8V
F j ¿ V + !V
9
g
r j ! V
<
E$. ;.?@
Re%$$&* p%r% l% espe$&e 8 *F j *V
=r j
E$. ;.?
B##*ce e e*er# =#r# u*
−5 +
en%ra*a
i 1
n
−∑
* Ệ ,i,%ema *%
E$. ;.?
Re#cc!o*e< @+!=e e re#c+or ?uo =!<+;* =#r# re#c+or ?uo =!<+;* *T U a ( T a−T ) −=r & ! H 2"& = *V = F i C Pi
E$.
;.?:
[
>
! H 20 ( T ) =
]
* > c > b > * c b H D ( T 2 ) + H C ( T 2 ) + H B ( T 2 ) +[ ( C PD ) + ( C Pc ) − ( C PB ) −C pA ]( T −T 2 ) a a a a a a
E$. ;.<
Veoc!# e re#cc!;* ?
r j =k C i / reac%i+o, C i / pro*(c%o, ∝
E$. ;.?
D"(e C& $"$e!r%$&* (e l% espe$&e & m 3 n3 %3 )3 $3 ( $"e+&$&e!es es!e5,&"e!r&$"s V 7"l,e ! H 20 ( T ) $%l"r (e re%$$&* >
T 2
!eper%!,r% (e re%$$&*
26
C!*+!c# Qu@!c#: e$,%$&* (e Arre&,s Depe(e (e l% $"s!%!e (e 7el"$&(%( /" $&6!&$%1 (e ,% re%$$&* 5,4&$% $" respe$!" % l% !eper%!,r% % l% 5,e se lle7% % $%)" es% re%$$&* −
E$. ;.
k = A∗ e
D"(e k /T 1 $"s!%!e $&6!&$% /(epe(&e!e (e l% !eper%!,r%1 A +%$!"r (e +re$,e$&%. I(&$% l% +re$,e$&% (e l%s $"l&s&"es. Ea eer24% (e %$!&7%$&*3 epres%(% e J"l. R $"s!%!e ,&7ers%l (e l"s 2%ses. S, 7%l"r es 3;?; Jo 9?o"l9? T Teper%!,r% %)s"l,!% e
F,e!e /F"2ler3 /<<@13 p. @9:1.
T#7# /.$ P%r0e!r"s (e Arre&,s p%r% $r%$&2 !6r&$" (e e!%"
Ao<-& E 9@o .@>E?; .;Eg> ;.>E?? .;Eg> >.:E?< .?>Eg> .@:E?< .?Eg> @.?E< ?.>Eg> ?.<;E<: ?.;Eg> @.;E; >.; .<E?< .>;Eg> >.< .E<: ?.?@Eg> >.@?E? .Eg> >.<:E< .;Eg> ?.?E< .>Eg> F,e!e /S"r"ll%&3 Se&+'%(e3 %!3/>1. To#< #< c!*+!c#< e re#cc!;* ue
CH@ CHgH CH@ C;HgCH C;H C;H@gH C;H CHgCH
2
>1 @1 1 1 :1 ?<1 ??1 ?1 ?;1
C;H@ CH g CH CH g CH CH@ CH@ C;Hg CH CH g CH@ C;H@ g CH CH $"e C;H@ $"e CH@ $"e C g HO COgH C g CO CO Fue*+e: /S"r"ll%&3 Se&+'%(e3 G"l&p",r3 (e2%&3 R%&p",r3 R%e&ss&3 />;9>>>1.
T#7# /./. Es5,e% (e re%$$&* "le$,l%r # p%r0e!r"s $&6!&$"s p%r% el !er" $r%$&2 (e e!%"
Re#cc!;* & CH@ CHgH $ CHgH CH@ / CH@ C;HgCH ' C;H@ CH g CH 0 CH g CH C;H@ 1 CH g CH CH@ 2 CH g CH@ C;H@ g CH e ,&(%(es (e s9? " ;"l s
Ore* ? ? ?
Ao<-& .@>E?; .>E ;.>E?? :.?E< >.E ?.<;E? .<E?;
E 9@o ;<< ?;@< ;?:< ?>>< :< ?>< >;
Fue*+e: /S"r"ll%&3 Se&+'%(e3 G"l&p",r3 (e2%&3 R%&p",r3 R%e&ss&3/>;9>>>1. 3.3 $ECLAD&' DE C&''%ENTES
U e'$l%("r es!0!&$" es , %p%r%!" p%r% $"se2,&r l% e'$l% (e ("s %!er&%les +l,&("s. P"r l" 2eer%l3 l"s +l,&("s s" l45,&("s3 s& e)%r2"3 l"s e'$l%("res es!0!&$"s !%)&6 se ,!&l&'% p%r% e'$l%r $"rr&e!es (e 2%s3 (&spers%r , 2%s e , l45,&("3 " (&spers%r l45,&("s &&s$&)les e!re s4. L"s e'$l%("res (e $"rr&e!es represe!% l% "per%$&* (e s,% (e $"rr&e!es $,#"s +l,&("s p,e(e !eer (&s!&!%s $"p"s&$&"es3 !eper%!,r%s # es!%("s (e %2re2%$&*. /R"(r42,e'3 /<<13 .? 1
F!ur# /.$. Me'$l%("r (e $"rr&e!es
2/
Fue*+e: T,!"r&%l #s#s
B%l%$e (e %!er&% p%r% $%(% ," (e l"s C $"p"e!es es i
i
F 1 0 1 + F 2 0 2 = F0 i
E$. ;.;
El )%l%$e (e eer24% e el pr"$es" (e e'$l%(" s&pl&+&$%(" es F 1 H 1+ F 2 H 2+ = FH
E$. ;.
D"(e H l%s e!%lp4%s espe$4+&$%s $"rresp"(&e!es % $%(% ,% (e l%s $"rr&e!es. Q +l,8" (e $%l"r F& +l,8" (e %!er&% \ +r%$$&* "l%r (e $%(% $"p"e!e
Fue*+e: /R"(r42,e'3 /<<13 .?1 El e'$l%("r (e HYSYS es $"s&(er%(" %(&%)0!&$"3 es (e$&r3 Q < L% 7%r&%)le 5,e ,s,%le!e se +&8% e el (&se-" (e , e'$l%("r es l% pres&* (e l% $"rr&e!e (e s%l&(%. Se s,2&ere %s&2%r3 % l% $"rr&e!e (e s%l&(%3 e"r pres&* e!re l%s (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e e!r%(% 3.4 EN,'%AD&'
L% !r%s+ere$&% (e $%l"r es l% $&e$&% 5,e !r%!% (e pre(e$&r el &!er$%)&" (e eer24% 5,e p,e(e !eer l,2%r e!re $,erp"s %!er&%les3 $"" res,l!%(" (e ,% (&+ere$&% (e !eper%!,r%. L% !er"(&0&$% ese-% 5,e es!% !r%s+ere$&% (e eer24% se (e+&e $"" $%l"r. El e$" (e 5,e el 20
")8e!& ")8e!&7" 7" (ese%(" (ese%(" (el %0l&s& %0l&s&ss se% l% rapidez rapidez (e l% !r%s+ere$&% (el. L% !r%s+ere$&% (e $%l"r $"plee!% l"s pr&$&p&"s pr&er" # se2,(" (e l% !er"(&0&$%3 %l pr"p"r$&"%r le#es eper&e!%les %(&$&"%les 5,e se ,s% p%r% es!%)le$er l% r%p&(e' (e l% !r%s+ere$&% (e eer24%. L% !r%s+ere$&% (e $%l"r p,e(e ,!&l&'%rse p%r% pre(e$&r l% !eper%!,r% (e l% )%rr% # (el %2,% $"" +,$&* (el !&ep". L% %#"r4% (e l"s le$!"res es!%r0 +%&l&%r&'%("s $" l"s !6r&"s ,s%("s p%r% se-%l%r l"s !res "("s (e !r%s+er&r $%l"r $"(,$$&*3 $"7e$$&* # r%(&%$&*. /H"l%3 J.P3 ?:::3 p.?1. L%s "per%$&"es 0s +r4%s # el $%le!%("r s" &!er$%)&%("res (e $%l"r (e , s"l" l%(". L% $"rr&e!e (e e!r%(% se e+r4% /" $%l&e!%1 % l%s $"(&$&"es (e s%l&(% re5,er&("s3 # l% $"rr&e!e (e eer24% %)s"r)e /" pr"p"r$&"%1 l% (&+ere$&% e!re l% e!%lp4% ("s $"rr&e!es. Se espe$&+& espe$&+&$% $% ("s $"rr&e $"rr&e!e !es3 s3 ,% $"rr&e $"rr&e!e !e +r4% +r4% # "!r% "!r% $%l&e $%l&e!eK !eK (e) (e)e" e"ss espe$&+ espe$&+&$% &$%rr l%s !eper%!,r%s (e e!r%(% # s%l&(% (e l% $"rr&e!e3 el Pe!r"9S& $%l$,l%r% %,!"0!&$%e!e el $%l"r 5,e 5,e se 5,&! 5,&!%r %r%% " se p"( p"(r0 r0 e l% $"rr $"rr&e &e! !e. e. T%)&6 )&6 se p, p,e( e(ee espe espe$& $&+& +&$% $%rr el $%l" $%l"rr # %,!"0!&$%e!e se $%l$,l%r% l% !eper%!,r% (e s%l&(%.
C## e =re9 1.
/.'.& /.'.& TRANSF TRANSFERE ERENCI NCIA A DE CALO CALOR R POR POR CONVE CONVECCI CCI(N (N Es )&e $""$&(" $""$&(" 5,e ,% pl%$% (e e!%l $%l&e!e $%l&e!e se e+r&%r0 0s r0p&(%e!e r0p&(%e!e $,%(" se $"l"$% $"l"$% (el%!e (e , 7e!&l%("r 5,e $,%(" se ep"e %l %&re e $%l%. Se (&$e 5,e el $%l"r se % $e(&(" %$&% +,er% (e l% pl%$% # %l pr"$es" se le ll%% transferencia de calor por por convección. convección. El !6r&" convección pr"p"r$&"% %l le$!"r ,% "$&* "$&* &!,&!&7% e l" re+ere!e %l pr"$es" pr "$es" (e !r%s+ere$&% !r%s +ere$&%
(e $%l"r. /H"l%.J.P3 ?:::3 p.91.
B##*ce e e*er# =#r# u* e*?r!#or P%r% ,% e!%lp4% " $%l"r (e +l,8" (el re+r&2er%("r (e l% $"rr&e!e (e eer24% se res!% (e l% (e l% $"rr&e!e (e e!r%(% Fl,8" (e $%l"r e!r%(% 9 Fl,8" (e $%l"r !r%s+er&(" !r%s+er&(" p"r el e+r&%("r Fl,8" (e $%l"r s%l&(% s%l&(% 3
´ en%ra*a @ ´ %ra,$eri*o∗en$ria*or=´ ,ali*a
E$. ;.>
Fue*+e: /BC A(7%$e( Te$"l"2&es3 <<>9 1 Le> e NeJ+o* e e*?r!#@!e*+o e$,%$&* p%r% el +l,8" (e $%l"r !r%s+er&(" T −T =# A ( ¿¿ amb )
¿
"
=# A . ! T
E$. ;.@
Fue*+e /H"l%.J.P3 ?:::3 p.>1. Coe?!c!e*+e o7# e +r#*
"
=U A . ! T
E$.;.
S%)&e(" 5,e es!"s 7%l"res (e Q s" e5,&7%le!es3 e5,&7%le!es3 es p"s&)le ,!&l&'%r el 7%l"r (e Q $%l$,l%("3 el 0re% (e !r%s+ere$&% (e $%l"r 5,e es , (%!" $""$&(" # l% DT3 (el pr"$es" p%r% $%l$,l%r el 7%l"r (e U3 l% e$,%$&* 5,e(% U =
A∗ DT3
E$.;.
Fue*+e: /H"l%.J.P3 ?:::3 p.??;1. C6cuo e # +e@=er#+ur# @e!# o#r+@!c#
DT3 .
El 7%l"r (e l% !eper%!,r% e(&% l"2%r4!&$% per&!e $%r%$!er&'%r l% !r%s+ere$&% (e $%l"r3 e l% e!%p% $"rresp"(&e!e $" )%se e l%s !eper%!,r%s e!re%s (el s&s!e%. L% DT3 $"s&(er% l% (&+ere$&% (e !eper%!,r%s (e l%s ("s $"rr&e!es # " s"l%e!e (e ,%K el 7%l"r 5,e res,l!% es ,% represe!%$&* (e l% +,er'% &p,ls"r% pr"e(&".
31
DT3c=
( T C −T $ )−( T c − T $ ) 1
2 2
ln (
2
1
T c 1− T $ 2 2 ) T c 2 −T $ 1 1
E$.;.:
Fue*+e /H"l%.J.P3 ?:::3 p.??@1. C6cuo e N@ero e Re>*o<. Se $%l$,l% el er" (e Re#"l(s p%r% $%(% $"rr&e!e. L% e$,%$&* %pr"p&%(% p%r% es!% "per%$&* es l% (e +l,8" 5,e se (&7&(e e 7%r&%s s,)$"rr&e!es #% 5,e es!% es l% (&sp"s&$&* e el e5,&p". De∗G
ℜ=
E$.;.;<
Fue*+e /H"l%.J.P3 ?:::3 p.?1. C6cuo e *@ero e Pr#*+. El er" (e Pr%(!l3 epres% l% rel%$&* e!re l% (&+,s&* (el "e!"3 el e+e$!" e$0&$" (e l% +r&$$&* (el +l,&(" s")re l% s,per+&$&e3 # l% (&+,s&* (el $%l"r (e)&(" % es!e pr"$es". Depe(e (e l%s l%s $%r%$!er4s!&$%s +4s&$%s (el +l,&(" Pr =
Cp∗ k
E$.;.;?
Fue*+e: /H"l%.J.P3 ?:::3 p.?1. C6cuo e *@ero e Nu<
'( =0,332∗ Pr ∗ℜ
1 2
E$.;.;
C" l% l% &+"r%$&* &+"r%$&* re,&(% re,&(% # e(&%!e es!e %l2"r&!" %l2"r&!" (e $0l$,l" se $,e!% $" s,+&$&e!es (%!"s p%r% $%l$,l%r el $"e+&$&e!e (e !r%s+ere$&% (e $%l"r $"7e$!&7". Se re%l&'% ,!&l&'%(" l% e$,%$&* ' (=
#∗ D k
E$.;.;;
32
Fue*+e: /H"l%.J.P3 ?:::3 p.?1. C## e =re
E$. ;.;
Fue*+e: /BC A(7%$e( Te$"l"2&es3 <<>9
($% 2)
3 G 7el"$&(%( (e %s% /l) $% ∗# 1
7&s$"s&(%( /$e!&p"&se1
De (&0e!r" e5,&7%le!e /+!1 3.5 *?L*+LA Es ," (e l"s &s!r,e!"s (e $"!r"l 0s ese$&%les e l% &(,s!r&%. De)&(" % s, (&se-" # %!er&%les3 l%s 70l7,l%s p,e(e %)r&r # $err%r3 $"e$!%r # (es$"e$!%r3 re2,l%r3 "(,l%r " %&sl%r ,% e"re ser&e (e l45,&("s # 2%ses3 (es(e l"s 0s s&ples %s!% l"s 0s $"rr"s&7"s " !*&$"s. S,s !%%-"s 7% (es(e ,"s &l4e!r"s %s!% l"s :< " 0s (e (&0e!r" /%,5,e e !%%-"s 2r%(es s,ele ll%%rse (e $"p,er!%1. P,e(e !r%)%8%r $" pres&"es 5,e 7% (es(e el 7%$4" %s!% 0s (e ?< MP% # !eper%!,r%s (es(e l%s $r&"26&$%s %s!% ??<< . E %l2,%s &s!%l%$&"es se re5,&ere , sell%(" %)s"l,!"K e "!r%s3 l%s +,2%s " es$,rr&&e!"s " !&ee &p"r!%$&%. 33
E es!%(" es!%)le l%s 70l7,l%s s"l" $,ple l% +,$&* (e 2eer%r $%4(%s (e pres&* % l"s +l,&("s3 e es!%(" (&0&$" s& es!0 (&se-%(%s p%r% %e8%r l"s +l,8"s. L"s re5,&s&!"s p%r% 5,e $"7er8% s" 9
U +l,8" /e!r%(% " s%l&(%1
9
C%4(% (e pres&* " pres&* (e l% $"rr&e!e (e s%l&(%. Y se ")!&ee $"" res,l!%("
9
El +l,8" " espe$&+&$%(" /s%l&(% " e!r%(%1
9
C,%(" el +l,8" p%s% % !r%76s (e ,% 70l7,l% , "!r" (&sp"s&!&7" res!r&$!&7" p&er(e ,% eer24%.
Fue*+e /Z%ppe3 /?::13 p. @9?1 D!@e*
L#< ?;r@u#< 76
L45,&("s =C+
√
√
P − P ! P+ =C+ 1 2
E$.
;.;> 9
V%p"r (e %2,% =
9
2.1 C+ √ ( P 1− P2 ) ( P1+ P 2) 1 + 0.0007 T,#
E$. ;.;@
G%ses 34
=1360 C+
√
( P 1− P2 )( P 1+ P2 )
E$.
G T 1
;.; D"(e:
Q: C%,(%l. P%r% líquidos e /2%l&13 p%r% vapor e /l)1 # p%r% ases e /+!;se21 es!0(%r /@< F # ?. ps&%1
KP": P6r(&(% (e $%r2% e l% 70l7,l% e /ps&21 P&: Pres&* %2,%s %rr&)% /ps&%1 P$: Pres&* %2,%s %)%8" /ps&%1 : Des&(%( rel%!&7% (el l45,&(" respe$!" (el %2,% % @< F T<: Re$%le!%&e!" (el 7%p"r respe$!" (e l%s $"(&$&"es (e s%!,r%$&* /F1. V%le $er" p%r% 7%p"r s%!,r%(".
G: Des&(%( rel%!&7% (el 2%s respe$!" %l %&re % @< F # ?. ps&% T&: Teper%!,r% (el 2%s % l% e!r%(% (e l% 70l7,l% C" C"e+&$&e!e (e Fl,8" (e l% 70l7,l% # (epe(e (el !&p"3 (&0e!r" # 2r%(" (e %per!,r% (e es!e (&sp"s&!&7". $!!e P%r% , !&p" (e!er&%(" (e 70l7,l%3 el $"e+&$&e!e C7 es pr"p"r$&"%(" p"r el +%)r&$%!e # (epe(e (el (&0e!r" /(1 # (e l% %per!,r% /1 C7 C7/(31
Fue*+e: /Z%ppe3 /?::13 p. ;9;1. B##*ce e e*er# Pe! ˃ Ps%l L% 70l7,l% " e!re2% !r%)%8" p"r5,e " !&ee , e8e3 es %(&%)0!&$" p"r5,e es , pe5,e-" e5,&p". L% eer24% p"!e$&%l # $&6!&$% es (espre$&%)le ṁ
/He! 9 Hs%l1 <
He! Hs%l
E$. ;.;
D"(e 35
He!3 Hs%l e!%lp&% espe$&+&$% "l%r (e e!r%(% # s%l&(% 3.6 C&$#'ES&'ES
L"s $"pres"res s" 05,&%s r"!%!&7%s $%p%$es (e &p,ls%r 2%ses (e , p,!" % "!r" %,e!%(" % s, 7e' l% pres&*3 per&!&e(" el (espl%'%&e!" (el +l,&(" # s, s,&&s!r" % %#"r pres&*3 !%l $"" l" s" l"s 2%ses # l"s 7%p"res.
/.1.& DESEMPEO DE LOS COMPRESORES 9
E* e co@=re
9
E* e co@=re
T!=o co@=re
e M6!@# =re
#=ro!@##, =<<< Ce!r&+,2" << R"!%!"r&" ?> De +l,8" %&%l :< Fue*+e: /R"(r42,e'3 /<<13 ?1.
M6!@# re#c!;* e
e co@=re
co@=re
Co@=re
L"s $"pres"res $e!r4+,2"s "per% $" 7el"$&(%(es (e +l,8" (e %s!% ?< ;s # pres&"es (e %s!% << )%rs.
9
Es p"l& !r*p&
%$9
C%)&"s (e +"r% (e eer24% (e $&6!&$% % pres&*
Teor#< 76
Co@=re
36
/P7 $"s!.1 Es ,% $"pres&* &rre7ers&)le3 l% e!r"p4% " es $"s!%!e
Fue*+e: /R"(r42,e'3 /<<13 ?>1. Tr#7#o re#!#o =or e co@=re
∫
5 = V*P
E$. ;.;:
D"(e W !r%)%8" (el $"pres"r V 7"l,e &&$&%l P pres&* (e "per%$&"
Tr#7#o e co@=re
[
( K −1)
K ∗ 2∗T 1 P 2 K ∗ 2 - comp.= ∗( T 2−T 1 ) = ∗( ) K −1 K −1 P 1
K
−1
]
E$. ;.<
Tr#7#o e co@=re*+ro=!c#.
[
( n − 1)
n∗ 2∗T 1 P2 K ∗ 2 - comp.= ∗( T 2−T 1 ) = ∗( ) n−1 n−1 P1
n
−1
]
E$. ;.?
Fue*+e: /R"(r42,e'3 /<<13 ?<9??1. L"s pr&$&p&"s !er"(&0&$"s 5,e r&2e l% $e!r4+,2% e l%s "per%$&"es (e $"pres"r # el ep%s"r s" el &s"3 per" l% (&re$$&* (el +l,8" (e $"rr&e!e (e eer24% es "p,es!%. C"pres&* re5,&ere eer24%3 &e!r%s 5,e l% ep%s&* l&)er% eer24%
C#cuo e ?uo e c#or #!#76+!co =#r# u* co@=re
´ a*iaba%ico = +elicai*a *e $l(joma,ico
∗ni,en∗1 E$. ;.
( ) ) )c
C#cuo e ?uo e c#or =o!+r;=!co =#r# u* co@=re
3
( − ) [(
$ ∗
´ poli%ropico =
n
n 1
∗
P,ali*a ,ali*a /ac%(al
)( −
)]
Pen%ra*a ∗1 en%ra*a
( ) ) )c
E$. ;.;
S&e(" $ =
H ,ali*a /i*eal − H en%ra*a
( − ) [( k
k 1
∗
P,ali*a ,ali*a i*eal
)( −
Pen%ra*a en%ra*a
)]
E$. ;.
D"(e Des&(%( (e l% %s% $ F%$!"r (e $%l"r p"l&!r*p&$" n Ep"e!e p"l&!r*p&$" k Ep"e!e &se!r"p&$" )c
K Gr%7e(%( espe$&+&
%$C#cuo e e?!c!e*c!# =#r# u* co@=re
E?!c!e*c!# !
ni,en =
-
5 req(eri*o i*eal 5 req(eri*o real
=
( H ,ali*a − H en%ra*a )i*eal ( H ,ali*a− H en%ra*a )real
E$. ;.>
E?!c!e*c!# =o!+r;=!c#
n pol& =
[(
P,ali*a
P en%ra*a
] [(
( − ) −1 ∗
)
n 1 n
[(
P ,ali*a P en%ra*a
n n −1
) ( )] ∗
( )− 1
)
k − 1 k
∗
]
k −1 k
ni,en
S&e("
3/
E$. ;.@
log
n=
)
P en%ra*a
(
log ,ali*a/ ac%(a en%ra*a
log
k =
(
P ,ali*a
(
P ,ali*a
P en%ra*a
E$. ;.
)
)
(
log ,ali*a /i*eal en%ra*a
E$. ;.
)
Co*"er "!ce"er<#.
ni,en =
K −1 K
( ) ( )
n pol& =
P 2 P 1
P2 P1
−1
K −1 K ∗npol&
E$. ;.:
−1
( )
P K −1 ∗ln ( 2 ) K P1
ln (
K − 1 K
( ) P2 P1
E$.
−1
ni,en
+1 )
;.><
Po+e*c!# e Co@=re
( ( Z ∗∗ P ) ( 2* HP = n pol&
K −1 K
−1
))
E$.
K −1 K
;.>? D*(e p"l e+&$&e$&% p"l&!r*p&$% R ?>> P.M. HP p"!e$&% (el $"pres"r 30
Z $"pres&)&l&(%( pr"e(&" R( Rel%$&* (e $"pres&* P(Ps
Fue*+e: /R"(r42,e'3 /<<13 ?9?;1. B##*ce e e*er# Ps%l. Pe! S"l" se !r%)%8% $" 2%ses #% se% 7%p"r re$%le!%(" " $"" 4&" 7%p"r s%!,r%(" L% eer24% p"!e$&%l # $&6!&$% se (espre$&% (e)&(" % l% (&s&,$&* " %,e!" (e pres&* ṁ
/He! 9 Hs%l1 g Q ]W <
E$. ;.>
D"(e He!3 Hs%l e!%lp&% espe$&+&$% "l%r (e e!r%(% # s%l&(% +l,8" %s&$"
ṁ
Q +l,8" (e $%l"r W +l,8" (e $%l"r 3. E#ANS&'
Se ,s% p%r% (&s&,&r l% pres&* (e , 2%s % %l!% pres&* e l% e!r%(% # pr"(,$&r , 2%s % )%8% pres&* # %l!% 7el"$&(%(. U pr"$es" (e ep%s&* &pl&$% $"7er!&r l% eer24% &!er% (el 2%s e eer24% $&6!&$% # +&%le!e e !r%)%8". P%r% el ,s" (el T,r)"ep%s"r es e$es%r&" 5,e e&s!% ,% $%4(% (e pres&* e el +l,8" (e 2%s. P%r% , ep%s"r3 l% e+&$%$&% se (% $"" l% rel%$&* (e l% re%l l% eer24% pr"(,$&(% e el pr"$es" (e ep%s&* % l% eer24% pr"(,$&(% p%r% ,% ep%s&* &s"!r*p&$% po%encia real pro*(ci*a por el $(li*o e$iciencia = 100 po%enciai,en%ropica pro*(ci*a por el $l(i*o
E$.
;.>;
C#cuo e e?!c!e*c!# !
5 req(eri*o real 5 req(eri*o i*eal
=
( H ,ali*a− H en%ra*a )real ( H ,ali*a − H en%ra*a )i*eal
E$. ;.>
4
C#cuo e e?!c!e*c!# =o!+ro=!c# =#r# u* e=#*
n pol& =
[(
P ,ali*a
P en%ra*a
[(
P,ali*a P en%ra*a
( − )− 1
)
k 1 k
] [(
( ) −1 ∗
)
n−1 n
n n −1
]
) ( )] k −1 k
∗
∗ni,en
E$.;.>>
C#cuo e ?uo e c#or #!#76+!co =#r# u* e=#*
∗1 ∗1 E$. ;.>@
( )
C#cuo e ?uo e c#or =o!+ro=!co =#r# u* e=#*
( − ) [(
− $ ∗ ´ poli%ropico =
$ =
n
n 1
∗
P,ali*a
,ali*a/ ac%(al
( − ) [( k 1
∗
)]
Pen%ra*a ∗1 en%ra*a
( ) ) )c
H ,ali*a /i*eal − H en%ra*a
k
)( −
P,ali*a ,ali*a i*eal
)( −
Pen%ra*a en%ra*a
)]
D"(e Des&(%( (e l% %s% $ F%$!"r (e $%l"r p"l&!r*p&$" n Ep"e!e p"l&!r*p&$" k Ep"e!e &se!r"p&$" )c
K Gr%7e(%( espe$&+&
%$He!3 Hs%l e!%lp&% espe$&+&$% "l%r (e e!r%(% # s%l&(% 41
E$.;.>
Fue*+e: BC A(7%$e( Te$"l"2&es3 <<>9 @?9?>@@1. B##*ce e e*er# H%# ,% p6r(&(% (e 7el"$&(%( # se 2%% pres&*. L% eer24% $&6!&$% se !"% e$,e!% (e)&(" %l e&s!e$&% (e 7el"$&(%( # l% eer24% p"!e$&%l (espre$&%)le. N" e!re2% !r%)%8". C"s&(er%r %(&%)0!&$" e %l2,"s $%s"s E ,ali*a < E en%ra*a
Pe! q Ps%l.
(
2
1 + H + 2 )c
) (
2
1 + = H + 2 )c en%
)
E$.
,al
;.> D"(e 7 7el"$&(%( (el +l,&(" 2$ +%$!"r (e $"7ers&* H e!%lp&% espe$&+&$% 3./ SE#A'AC%-N DE ,ASES %NSTANT?NE&
F&2,r% Ni;.; Sep%r%$&* &s!%!0e%
Fue*+e: Tre#)%3 R. /?:::13 p.
42
Per&!e ")!eer ("s pr"(,$!"s el 7%p"r ("(e se e$,e!r% e %#"r $%!&(%( l"s $"p,es!"s l&7&%"s # el l45,&(" ("(e l"s $"p,es!"s pes%("s se e$,e!r% e %#"r $%!&(%(. E el "(el%&e!" (e , sep%r%("r (e +%ses se %s,e 5,e 9
El l45,&(" # el 7%p"r !&ee el !&ep" (e $"!%$!" s,+&$&e!e p%r% l"2r%r el e5,&l&)r&"
9
L% pres&* (e l45,&(" # 7%p"r s" l%s (el !%5,e sep%r%("r3 es (e$&r3 5,e " %# $%4(% (e pres&*.
9
E&s!e s"l" ,% +%se l45,&(% # 7%p"r
B##*ce< e @#+er!# B%l%$e 2l")%l F D gW
E$. ;.>:
B##*ce =or e<=ec!e F : F = D & D + 5 " 5
E$. ;.@<
B##*ce e e*er# F H F + = D H D + 5 H 5
E$. ;.@?
Fue*+e: Tre#)%l3 R. /?:::13 p. < D"(e 'F +r%$$&* "l%r (e l% $"rr&e!e & (e %l&e!%$&* D +r%$$&* "l%r (e l% $"rr&e!e & (e e +%se l&5,&(% #W +r%$$&* "l%r (e l% $"rr&e!e & (e e +%se 7%p"r F +l,8" "l%r (e l% $"rr&e!e (e e!r%(% D +l,8" "l%r (el 7%p"r W +l,8" "l%r (el l&5,&(" HF E!%lp&% (e l% $"rr&e!e (e %l&e!%$&* HD E!%lp&% (e l% $"rr&e!e (e 7%p"r HW E!%lp&% (e l% $"rr&e!e (e l&5,&(" Q +l,8" (e $%l"r 3.0 C&L+$NAS DE DEST%LAC%-N. 43
L% (es!&l%$&* es ,% "per%$&* ,&!%r&% $,#" +,$&"%&e!" se )%s% e el e5,&l&)r&" l45,&("9 7%p"r3 $"s&(er%(" 5,e e l% +%se 2%se"s% e&s!e ,% %l!% $"$e!r%$&* (e $"p"e!es l&2er"s # e l% +%se l45,&(% %l!% $"$e!r%$&* (e $"p"e!es pes%("s3 # s, ")8e!&7" es l% sep%r%$&* (e ,% e'$l% p%r% ")!eer %l2," (e l"s $"p,es!"s (e l% e'$l% $" , 2r%(" (e p,re'% (e!er&%(".
F!ur# N8/.' D&%2r%% (e ,% !"rre (e (es!&l%$&*
F,e!e S6*ce, E. $%%2, V%l&(%$&* (e , M6!"(" (e D&se-" (e C"l,%s T6r&$%e!e. F&2,r%. Re$,per%(" (e !!p$%!%r&%.,(l%p.,h(lh%!%les("$,e!"slpr"s%$e'hrhe$%p&!,l".p(+ U% $"l,% (e (es!&l%$&* es!0 $"p,es!% e s, &!er&"r (e pl%!"s3 e $%(% ," (e l"s $,%les "$,rre , e5,&l&)r&" l45,&("97%p"r # se +%7"re$e l% !r%s+ere$&% (e %s% e!re l%s ("s +%ses3 $" el ")8e!&7" (e 5,e %l lle2%r l% e'$l% %l ("" (e l% !"rre # se !e2% ,% %#"r p,re'% (el $"p"e!e l&2er". De!r" (e l% !"rre e&s!e , +l,8" (e 7%p"r 5,e s,)e (e pl%!" e pl%!" # , +l,8" (e l45,&(" 5,e pr"7&ee (e l% p%r!e s,per&"r (e l% !"rre # (es$&e(e !%)&6 (e pl%!" e pl%!". E el ("" (e l% !"rre e&s!e , $"(es%("r3 el $,%l !&ee l% +,$&* (e $"(es%r el 44
7%p"r 5,e s%le (el ("" (e l% !"rre3 ")!e&e(" %s4 el (es!&l%(". U% p%r!e (e es!e re2res% % l% !"rre p%r% +%7"re$er l% !r%s+ere$&% (e %s% e!re l%s +%ses # %!eer el +l,8" (e l45,&(". A l% rel%$&* e!re el l45,&(" 5,e re2res% % l% !"rre # el (es!&l%(" 5,e se !"% $"" pr"(,$!" se le ll%% rel%$&* (e re+l,8"3 # es , p%r0e!r" (e s,% &p"r!%$&% p%r% el %0l&s&s # (&se-" (e l% !"rre (e (es!&l%$&*. P%r% %%l&'%r " (&se-%r ,% !"rre (e (es!&l%$&* e&s!e 7%r&"s 6!"("s3 # se $l%s&+&$% e 6!"("s 2r0+&$"s3 6!"("s $"r!"s # 6!"("s r&2,r"s"s. E l"s 6!"("s 2r0+&$"s3 s*l" es p"s&)le el %0l&s&s (e ,% !"rre (e (es!&l%$&* $" ,% e'$l% )&%r&%3 # s*l" s" !&les p%r% , (&se-" ,# preel&&%r. L"s 6!"("s 2r0+&$"s 0s eple%("s s" M$C%)e9T&ele # P"$"9S%7%r&!. El pr&er" eple% , (&%2r%% (e +r%$$&"es "l e l45,&(" # 7%p"r p%r% el %0l&s&s3 &e!r%s 5,e el se2,(" ,!&l&'% , (&%2r%% e!%lp4% $"!r% +r%$$&* "l % pres&* $"s!%!e. L"s 6!"("s $"r!"s eple% e$,%$&"es 5,e rel%$&"% l"s p%r0e!r"s &p"r!%!es e l% !"rre3 s& &!e2r%r 6!"("s (e pre(&$$&* (e pr"p&e(%(es e s,s $0l$,l"s3 # s" %pl&$%)les % (es!&l%$&* ,l!&$"p"e!e. Al2,"s (e es!"s 6!"("s s"
Fese9U(er""(9G&ll&l%( /FUG1 #
E(&s!er. L"s 6!"("s r&2,r"s"s &7"l,$r% "(el"s %!e0!&$"s (e pre(&$$&* (e pr"p&e(%(es e s,s $0l$,l"s p%r% ")!eer l"s p%r0e!r"s (e l% !"rre. Es!e !&p" (e 6!"("s s" )%s!%!e $"ple8"s3 (e !%l %er% 5,e #% se e$,e!r% pr"2r%%("s e s&,l%("res (e pr"$es"s.
Fue*+e: S6*ce, E. $%%2, V%l&(%$&* (e , M6!"(" (e D&se-" (e C"l,%s T6r&$%e!e. F&2,r%. Re$,per%(" (e !!p$%!%r&%.,(l%p.,h(lh%!%les("$,e!"slpr"s%$e'hrhe$%p&!,l".p(+
/.4.& EQUILIBRIO VAPOR L)QUIDO EN SISTEMAS BINARIOS F!ur# No /.0 C"l,% (e +r%$$&"%&e!" )&%r&".
45
Fue*+e: Tre#)%l3 R. / ?::;13 p. ? L% e7%p"r%$&* &s!%!0e% * (es!&l%$&* e el e5,&l&)r&" ] $"" %l2,%s 7e$es se ll%% ] es ,% "per%$&* (e ,% s"l% e!%p% e ("(e se e7%p"r% p%r$&%le!e ,% e'$l% l45,&(%3 se per&!e 5,e el 7%p"r %l$%$e el e5,&l&)r&" $" el l45,&(" res&(,%l # se sep%r% # el&&% (el %p%r%!" l%s +%ses 7%p"r # l45,&(" res,l!%!e. P,e(e lle7%rse % $%)" p"r l"!es * e +"r% $"!&,%. El e5,&l&)r&" (e 7%p"r9l&5,&(" se (% $,%(" l% s,% (e l%s pres&"es p%r$&%les (e l"s $"p"e!es es &2,%l % l% pres&* !"!%l (el s&s!e%3 e ell" se pr"(,$e ("s +%ses ,% l&5,&(% # "!r% 7%p"r e e5,&l&)r&". I&$&%le!e se $"s&(er%r0 e'$l%s3 el $"p"e!e A (e l% e'$l% )&%r&% A9B se $"s&(er%r0 0s 7"l0!&lK es!" s&2&+&$% 5,e l% pres&* (e 7%p"r (e A p,r" % $,%l5,&er !eper%!,r% es %#"r 5,e l% pres&* (e 7%p"r (e B p,r".
F!ur# N8 /.1 D&%2r%% Teper%!,r% Vs C"p"s&$&* % Pres&* $"s!%!e
46
Fue*+e: Hele#3 Se%(er3 /?::<13 p. : L% $,r7% represe!% l% $"e&s!e$&% (e e5,&l&)r&" (e l% +%se l&5,&(%3 7%p"r (e ,% e'$l% )&%r&%3 l% $,r7% s,per&"r (e $"l"r r"8" represe!% l% l&e (e s%!,r%$&* (e $,r7% (e r"$&*3 l% $,r7% &+er&"r represe!% l% $,r7% (e ),r),8%3 el l,2%r 2e"6!r&$" +"r%(" p"r l%s $,r7%s represe!% , e5,&l&)r&" (e ,% e'$l% (e l% +%se l&5,&(% $" l% +%se 7%p"r.
F!ur# N8 /.2 D&%2r%% C"p"s&$&* (e 7%p"r Vs C"p"s&$&* e el l45,&("
F,e!e He*e>, Se#er, &44%, =. 43 L% $,r7% represe!% l% $"e&s!e$&% (e e5,&l&)r&" (e l% +%se l&5,&(% 9 7%p"r l% $,r7% es ,% 4
represe!%$&* (e l% +%se 7%p"r e +,$&* % l% +%se l&5,&(%.
/.4.$ EQUILIBRIO DE FASES: Lu!o > "#=or Co@=or+#@!e*+o Ie#. Le> e R#ou+ > e> e D#+o*.- S& ("s " 0s espe$&es l45,&(%s +"r% ,% (&s"l,$&* l45,&(% &(e%l $" ,% e'$l% (e 7%p"r e e5,&l&)r&"3 l% pres&* p%r$&%l pi (e $%(% $"p"e!e e el 7%p"r es pr"p"r$&"%l % s, +r%$$&* "l%r e el l45,&(" Le# (e R%",l! /+%se l45,&("1 ,
Pi= " i∗ Pi
E$.;. @
Le# (e D%l!" /+%se 7%p"r1. Pi= & i∗ P
E$.;.@;
C")&%(" l%s ("s epres&"es S
& i Pi = = K c " i P
E$.;.@
Fue*+e: Hele#3 Se%(er3 /?::<13 p. :: D"(e P& Pres&* p%r$&%l ,
Pi Pres&* (e 7%p"r
P Pres&* !"!%l 4/
" i
Fr%$$&* "l%r (e l45,&("
& i
Fr%$$&* "l%r (e 7%p"r
Vo#+!!# re#+!"# co*<+#*+e.- P%r% s&s!e%s e l"s 5,e l% +%se l45,&(% es ,% s"l,$&* &(e%l 5,e s&2,e l% le# (e R%",l! # l% +%se (e 7%p"r s&2,e l% le# (e l"s 2%ses &(e%les3 es p"s&)le +"r,l%r 7"l%!&l&(%(es rel%!&7%s 5,e s" +,$&"es e$l,s&7%s (e l% !eper%!,r%. P%r% el $"p"e!e i (e ,% e'$l%. C,%!" %#"r es l% (&s!%$&% e!re l% $,r7% e el e5,&l&)r&" # l% (&%2"%l (e >%#"r es l% (&+ere$&% e l%s $"p"s&$&"es (el l45,&(" # (el 7%p"r3 # %#"r es l% +%$&l&(%( p%r% re%l&'%r l% sep%r%$&* p"r (es!&l%$&*. U% e(&(% ,6r&$% (e l" %!er&"r /+%$&l&(%( (e sep%r%$&*1 se $""$e $"" el +%$!"r (e sep%r%$&* * 7"l%!&l&(%( rel%!&7% m. Es!% es l% rel%$&* e!re l% rel%$&* (e $"$e!r%$&"es (e A # B e ,% +%se # e l% "!r%3 " se%3 l% rel%$&* (e $"e+&$&e!es (e (&s!r&),$&*. ,
& i Pi K i= = " i P
E$.;.@>
S& l% e'$l% $"!&ee !%)&6 el $"p"e!e 83 l% 7"l%!&l&(%( rel%!&7% (e i % 8 se p,e(e epres%r $"" l% rel%$&* (e l"s 7%l"res ! (e l"s ("s $"p"e!es. Se !e(r0 , %#"r 2r%(" (e sep%r%$&*3 % e(&(% 5,e m se% %#"r 5,e ,". S& e)%r2"3 s& α =1 3 l% sep%r%$&* " es p"s&)le.
α ij=
& i ( 1− " i )
" i ( 1 − & i )
E$.;.@@
E ,% e'$l% (e ("s $"p"e!es3 ("(e #&3 /? ] #&13 # & /? 9 &1 se !r%s+"r% e.
40
α ij " i
& i=
1+ "i ( α ij −1 )
E$.;.@
Fue*+e: Hele#3 Se%(er3 /?::<13 p. ?<> Co@=or+#@!e*+o Re#: Es e$es%r&" "!r" !r%!%&e!" p%r% l%s e'$l%s 5,e !&ee ,% (es7&%$&* (el $"p"r!%&e!" &(e%l p"r e(&" (e l% (e+&&$&* (e
,e7%s 7%r&%)les #
pr"p&e(%(es 5,e per&!%.
$""$er l%s (&+ere$&%s $" l%s $"(&$&"es re%les. $"rre2&r l%s pr&er%s %pr"&%$&"es 5,e (epe(e &$%e!e (e l%s pr"p&e(%(es (e l"s $"p,es!"s p,r"s $"s!&!,#e!es (e l% e'$l% (e 2%ses &(e%les " (e l% s"l,$&* &(e%l. ^i ∅ &i K i= = i + ^i "i ∅ l
i=1 ( componen%e, polare, )
E$.;.@
Fue*+e: Hele#3 Se%(er3 /?::<13 p. ?>9?> Vo#+!!# re#+!"# e @u+!co@=o*e*+e p%r% el $"p"e!e /&1 $" respe$!" % /81 es3 α ij
α ij=
K i
E$.;.@:
K j
C"p"s&$&* (el 7%p"r e el p,!" (e ),r),8%
n
∑ & =1 i
i
& i=
α ij " i n
∑ α " ij
i
i
E$.;.< C"p"s&$&* (el 7%p"r e el p,!" (e r"$&*
5
n
∑ " =1 i
i
& i " i=
α ij n
∑ i
( ) & i
α ij
E$.;.?
Fue*+e: Tre#)%l3 R. /?::;13 pp. ;::9<< 3.9.3
DESTILACI(N POR MTODO DE MC. CABE THIELE.
Se 7% ,!&l&'%r es!e 6!"(" p%r% (es%rr"ll%r l% rel%$&* e!re l"s er"s (e pl%!"s3 l%s rel%$&"es l45,&(" ] 7%p"r3 # l%s $"p"s&$&"es (el pr"(,$!". Al pr&$&p&" se $"s&(er%r0 rel%$&"es p%r% s&s!e%s )&%r&"s.
RFLU9O: E $"(es%("r # er7&("r. 9
Re+l,8" e el C"(es%("r 3 R D
9
Re+l,8" e el Her7&("r R H
9
V B
E$.;.;
Re+l,8" 4&" R &
9
E$.;.
0 D 1 7 / min
−1
E$.;.
Re+l,8" "p!&" R "p /?3; ] ?3>1 R &
E$.;.>
Fue*+e: M%r!4e' (e l% C,es!%3 P. J3 M%r!4e'3 E. /<<13 pp. @@9 E?!c!e*c!# e #< e+#=#<: E el !r%!%&e!" (e l%s e!%p%s (e $"!%$!" se % s,p,es!" 5,e l%s +%ses 51
5,e s%le (e l%s e!%p%s es!0 e e5,&l&)r&" !er"(&0&$". E el e5,&p" &(,s!r&%l (e l!&ples e!%p%s e $"!r%$"rr&e!e " s&epre res,l!% pr0$!&$" ,!&l&'%r , !&ep" (e res&s!e$&% # , 4!&" $"!%$!" s,+&$&e!e p%r% %l$%'%r el e5,&l&)r&". ' *e e%apa, i*eale,
E$.;.@
E?!c!e*c!# e Mur=ree e u* =#+o: L% e+&$&e$&% (e e!%p% +re$,e!ee!e ,!&l&'%(% p%r% (es$r&)&r el $"p"r!%&e!" (e , pl%!" (e!er&%(" p%r% l"s $"p"e!es (%("s. Es!" es!% 7%s%(" e l% +%se 7%p"r
< + =
& n − & n−1 ¿
& n − & n−1
∗100
E$.;.
Fue*+e: Hele#3 Se%(er3 /?::<13 p. ;@
/.4.' ONA DE RECTIFICACION L% (es!&l%$&* " re$!&+&$%$&* es ,% "per%$&* (e sep%r%$&* (e ," " 7%r&"s $"p"e!es (e ,% e'$l% l45,&(% " 2%se"s% e(&%!e l% %$$&* (e , 7%p"r " l45,&(" 2eer%(" respe$!&7%e!e p"r $%le+%$$&* " e+r&%&e!" (e l% e'$l% "r&2&%l. El s,per&"r (e"&%(" (e enriqueci"iento 5,e $"!&ee , relle" es!r,$!,r%(" s")re , s"p"r!e $"l"$%(" p"r e$&% (e , $"le$!"r (e l45,&(". E l% p%r!e s,per&"r (el relle" se e$,e!r% el (&s!r&),&("r (e l45,&(" (e re+l,8" # l% s%l&(% (e 7%p"r %l $"(es%("r.
F!ur# NO /.3
Z"% (e re$!&+&$%$&*
Secc!;* e e*r!uec!@!e*+o
D!#r#@# co@=o
52
Fue*+e: Hele#3 Se%(er3 /?::<13 p. ;< B%l%$e (e %!er&%l !"!%l V = 3 + D *on*e D =V − 3
E$.;.
B%l%$e p%r% el $"p"e!e A3 V & n+1= 3 " n+ D " D
E$.;.:
L4e% (e "per%$&* e l% '"% (e er&5,e$&&e!" & =
3 D " n + 0 D V V
E$.;.< L4e% (e "per%$&* e l% '"% (e er&5,e$&&e!" e +,$&* (e R " D 2 & n+1= " n + 2 + 1 2 + 1
pe(&e!e
E$.;.?
E$.;.
Fue*+e: Hele#3 Se%(er3 /?::<13 p. ;?9;
53
2 2 + 1
3 V
/.4.0 ONA DE AGOTAMIENTO El &+er&"r (e"&%(" (e aota"iento# 5,e $"!&ee , relle" es!r,$!,r%(" s")re , s"p"r!e3 s")re el 5,e +l,#e %$&% %)%8" el pr"(,$!" (e +"(" # %$&% %rr&)% el re+l,8" (e 7%p"r.
F!ur# No /.4 Z"% (e A2"!%&e!" Se$$&* (e %2"!%&e!"
D&%2r%% $"p"s&$&*
F,e!e Tre#)%l3 R. / ?::;13 p. :
B%l%$e !"!%l (e %!er&%l 3 =V + B
D"(e
E$.;.; B%l%$e p%r% el $"p"e!e A 3 " m= V & m +1+ B " B
E$.;. L4e% (e "per%$&* e l% '"% (e %2"!%&e!" & m+1 =
3 B " m − " V V B
E$.;.> 54
V = 3 − B
3 B & m+1 = "m − " 3 − B 3 −B B
E$.;.@
Fue*+e Tre#)%l3 R. /?::;13 p. 9:
/.4.1 PLATO DE ALIMENTACI(N A!es (e $"!&,%r es $"7e&e!e es!%)le$er el pl%!" (e %l&e!%$&* # (e 5,6 %er% %+e$!% %l $%)&" e l% pe(&e!e (e l%s l4e%s (e "per%$&* $,%(" se p%s% (e l% se$$&* (e er&5,e$&&e!" % l% (e %2"!%&e!" (el +r%$$&"%("r. El inter"edio# $"pre(&(" e!re l"s ("s %l&e!"s3 $" , relle" ("(e s,s elee!"s se (&sp"e %l %'%r.
Co*!c!;* +r@!c#: El 7%l"r (e q es!0 rel%$&"%(" $" l% $"(&$&* !6r&$% (e l% %l&e!%$&*. Se p,e(e (e"s!r%r3 % p%r!&r (e l%s e$,%$&"es (el )%l%$e (e %!er&% # e!%lp4% %pl&$%(%s % l% e!%p% (e %l&e!%$&* e $"(&$&"es (e +l,8" "l%r $"s!%!e. Es!%)le$e 5,e el 7%l"r (e q se p,e(e ")!eer (&7&(&e(" l% e!%lp4% e$es%r&% p%r% !r%s+"r%r l% %l&e!%$&* e 7%p"r s%!,r%(" p"r el $%l"r l%!e!e (e 7%p"r&'%$&* (e l% %l&e!%$&*. & =
( − ) −( − ) q
q 1
"
:
E$.;.
q 1
Fue*+e: Hele#3 Se%(er3 /?::<13 p. ;>@
TABLA N8 /.0 C"(&$&* !6r&$% (e %l&e!%$&* Al&e!%$&*
C"(&$&* !6r&$% 5F
55
C%l$,l" (e 5F
q F > 1
L&5,&(" s,) e+r&%("
q F =1−
Cp 3∗T b(rb−T F H +ap
L&5,&(" s%!,r%("
q F =1
q F =1
Me'$l% l&5 9 7%p
q F =0.1
q F =1− $+
V%p"r s%!,r%("
q F =0
q F =0
V%p"r re$%le!%("
q F < 0
q F =
p,!" (e ),r),8% (e!. (el +l%s
p,!" (e r"$&* CpV ∗T rocio −T F ! H +ap
Fue*+e: Hele#3 Se%(er3 /?::<13 pp. ;> F!ur# No /.&% Se$$&* (e %l&e!%$&* (e ,% $"l,% (e +r%$$&"%&e!"
Fue*+e: Hele#3 Se%(er3 /?::<13 pp. ;>9;@< B%l%$e ( %!er&%l !"!%l F + 3 + V =V + V
E$.;. B%l%$e (e e!%lp&%. F H F + 3 H 3 − + V H V + =V H V + 3 H 3 $ 1
$ 1
$
$
E$.;.: D%(" 5,e !"("s l"s 7%p"res # l45,&("s (e!r" (e l% !"rre es!0 s%!,r%("sK %(e0s3 l%s e!%lp4%s "l%res (e !"("s l"s 7%p"res s%!,r%("s e es!% se$$&* s" )0s&$%e!e &2,%les3 l" &s" es $&er!" p%r% l%s e!%lp4%s "l%res p%r% l"s l45,&("s.
56
F H F + ( V −V ) H V = ( 3 − 3 ) H 3
E$.;.:< C"(&$&* !6r&$% (e l% %l&e!%$&* H V − H F q F = H V − H 3
E$.;.:? 3 = 3 + q F ∗ F
E$.;.: V G =V −(1− q F )∗ F
E$.;.:; & =
( )
q Z − F " 1−q F 1− q F
E$.;.:
Fue*+e: Tre#)%l3 R. /?::;13 pp. :9>? F!ur# N8 /.&& L4e%s (e "per%$&*
5
Fue*+e: Hele#3 Se%(er3 /?::<13 pp. ;> /.4.2 DESTILACI(N EN MECLAS MULTICOMPONENTES. El !6r&" ,l!&$"p"e!es se %pl&$% p%r% (es$r&)&r %5,ell"s s&s!e%s 5,e $"!&ee 0s (e ("s s,s!%$&%s. Es!"s s" l"s 5,e se %pl&$% e l% pr0$!&$% &(,s!r&%l. L% re$!&+&$%$&* " +r%$$&"%&e!" $"!&," $"s!&!,#e ,% err%&e!% +,(%e!%l p%r% es!e pr"p*s&!". P,e(e (e(,$&rse 5,e p%r% l% sep%r%$&* $"ple!% (e ,% e'$l% (e N $"p"e!es se re5,&ere N9? $"l,%s. U% $"l,% p%r% ,% e'$l% )&%r&%3 ("s p%r% ,% !er%r&%3 $&$" p%r% ,% e'$l% (e se&s $"p"e!es3 e!$. U% sep%r%$&* (e ,% e'$l% (e N $"p"e!es e
5/
$"p"e!es ese$&%le!e p,r"s re5,er&r4% e!"$es l% &!er$"e&* (e N9? $"l,%s " l% ,!&l&'%$&* (e C"l,%s $"ple8%s. E ,$"s $%s"s se e$es&!% ")!eer ,% +r%$$&* pes%(% # ,% l&7&%%. E!"$es se e$es&!%r4% ,% s"l% $"l,% p%r% re%l&'%r l% sep%r%$&*. L%s !"rres $"7e$&"%les p%r% l% sep%r%$&* (e ,% e'$l% ,l!&$"p"e!es e ("s +r%$$&"es3 l" 5,e $"s!&!,#e ,% %pr"&%$&* s,+&$&e!e %l pr"$es" (e re$!&+&$%$&* $"!&,%. C,%(" (ese% %$erse el (&se-" prel&&%r (e ,% !"rre p%r% re%l&'%r ,% sep%r%$&* espe$&+&$%(% $" el +& (e !eer
,% &(e% %pr"&%(% (el er" (e e!%p%s e$es%r&%s (el re+l,8"3 (e l% p"s&$&* (e l% e!%p% (e %l&e!%$&* (e l% (&s!r&),$&* (e l"s $"p"e!es L"s 6!"("s $"r!"s $"s!&!,#e ,% err%&e!% +,(%e!%l p"r s, rel%!&7% s&pl&$&(%( # e ,$"s $%s"s p"r s, $"+&%)&l&(%(.
/.4.3 MTODO CORTO DE DISEO FENSE-UNDEROOD-GUILLILAND FUG L"s 6!"("s $"r!"s s" eple%("s p%r% re%l&'%r , (&se-" %pr"&%(" (e ,% !"rre (e (es!&l%$&*. Es!"s 6!"("s %$e s,p"s&$&"es !%les 5,e s&pl&+&$% (e %er% s&2&+&$%!&7% el $0l$,l" (e l"s p%r0e!r"s (e l% !"rre. S& e)%r2"3 es!" l"s 7,el7e e"s e%$!"s3 %,5,e s,s res,l!%("s s" )%s!%!e %$ep!%)les3 # s, %pl&$%$&* es $"7e&e!e s& " se !&ee , 6!"(" r&2,r"s" pr"2r%%(" " s& " se (&sp"e (el !&ep" p%r% pr"2r%%rl". El 6!"(" Fese9U(er""(9G&ll&l%( /FUG1 es!0 )%s%(" pr&$&p%le!e e $,%!r" e$,%$&"es3 l%s $,%les pre(&$e l"s p%r0e!r"s (e l% !"rre (%(" $"" (%!"s l% (&s!r&),$&* (e l"s $"p"e!es $l%7es e el +"(" # el ("" (e l% !"rre3 l% rel%$&* (e re+l,8" e l% !"rre3 el pl%!" (e %l&e!%$&* # el per+&l (e pres&"es e l% !"rre. 50
L%s e$,%$&"es 5,e &!e2r% el 6!"(" FUG s" l%s s&2,&e!es 9Ecu#c!;* e Fe*<e: $%l$,l% el er" 4&" (e e!%p%s (e e5,&l&)r&" e$es%r&%s e l% !"rre p%r% l"2r%r l% sep%r%$&* (ese%(%. Es!e er" (e e!%p%s $"rresp"(e % , re+l,8" !"!%l e l% !"rre. P%r% eple%r es!% e$,%$&* (e)e &(&$%rse l"s $"p"e!es $l%7es l&2er" /represe!%(" p"r &1 # pes%(" /represe!%(" p"r 81 # s, (&s!r&),$&* e el pr&er" /pl%!" ?1 # e el l!&" pl%!" /pl%!" Ng?1 (e l% !"rre /$"!%("s (e %)%8" %$&% %rr&)%13 %s4 $"" l% 7"l%!&l&(%( rel%!&7% e!re %)"s $"p,es!"s3 l% $,%l se s,p"e $"s!%!e e !"(% l% !"rre. L% e$,%$&* (e Fese es l% s&2,&e!e "*i
' min =
∗ " " *j bj log ( ) " bi log ( α ij )
E$.;.:> α ij= √ α ijF α ijD α ijB 3
E$.;.:@
D i " *i = D
E$.;:
" bi =
Bi B
E$.;.:
Fue*+e: Hele#3 Se%(er3 /?::<13 pp. C%l$,l" (e l% (&s!r&),$&* (e l"s $"p"e!es " $l%7e % re+l,8" !"!%l e el (es!&l%(" # e el +"(" Se2,(% e$,%$&* (e Fese (&s!r&),$&* (e l"s +l,8"s (e l"s $"p"e!es " $l%7es 6
$ i
bi= 1+
*r ∗α (i / r) pro ' br
min
E$.;.:: α
¿
i/ r ¿ ¿ prom
¿ ¿ ¿
$ i∗* r
E$.;.?<<
∗¿
br * i =¿
Fue*+e: Hele#3 Se%(er3 /?::<13 pp. ? C%l$,l" (e re+l,8" 4&" E$,%$&* (e ,(er""( n
1− q =
∑ =
α i /r ∗ " Di α i /r −∅
i 1
E$.;.?
1 + 2min =
∑ = i 1
α i / r∗ " Di α i / r−∅
E$.;.?< 2op=( 1.3 −1.5 ) 2 min
E$.;.?<;
Fue*+e: Hele#3 Se%(er3 /?::<13 pp. ;9
61
Ecu#c!;* e !!#*: C%l$,l% l%s e!%p%s (e l% !"rre $" re+l,8" re%l el $,%l es el l!&pl" 4&". ' − ' min ' + 1
= 1−exp
((
)
1 + 54.4∗ 0 0 −1 ∗( 1 ) 11+ 117.2∗ 0 0 2
)
E$.;.?< 2 − 2min 0 = 2 + 1
E$.;.?<>
Fue*+e: Hele#3 Se%(er3 /?::<13 pp. :;9 : 3.9.9
MTODO RIGUROSO
Se +,(%e!% e 5,e l"s $%,(%les "l%res (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e 7%p"r # l45,&(" se %!&ee $"s!%!es e $%(% ," (e l"s se$!"res (e l% $"l,%3 l" 5,e %$e &e$es%r&" l"s )%l%$es e!0lp&$"s. Se %("p!%r0 el 6!"(" (e &!er%$&* p%r% el (es%rr"ll" (e l"s s,$es&7"s !%!e"s
•
Se p%r!&r0 (e l"s 7%l"res (e l%s 7%r&%)les (e es!%(" e$"!r%("s e el %!er&"r /pres,p"&e(" $"(&$&"es (e $"7er2e$&%1.
•
Se s,p"(r0 5,e !"("s l"s $"p"e!es (e l% e'$l% se (&s!r&),#e s")re l%s $"rr&e!es Des!&l%(" # res&(,"3 %,5,e l% epres&* (e l%s $"$e!r%$&"es (e l"s $"p"e!es pes%("s
E el (es!&l%(" # l% (e l"s l&2er"s e el res&(," se% p"!e$&%s e2%!&7%s (e (&e'. N"s "$,p%re"s pr&er" (e l"s 6!"("s (e $0l$,l" p&s" % p&s"3 e l"s 5,e ,% 7e' +&8%(%s l%s 7%r&%)les (e (&se-" l&)res3 se $%l$,l% l%s (e es!%("3 !eper%!,r% # $"p"s&$&* (e !"(%s l%s $"rr&e!es 5,e e!r% # s%le (e l"s (&s!&!"s p&s"s3 p"r $0l$,l" es$%l"%(" (e ," % "!r". L"s $0l$,l"s se (es%rr"ll%r0 62
!%!" (es(e el $"(es%("r %$&% %)%8"3 %s!% %l$%'%r el p&s" (e %l&e!%$&*3 $"" (es(e l% $%l(er% %$&% %rr&)%3 %s!% lle2%r %l &s" p&s"3 ,!&l&'%(" %l!er%!&7%e!e l%s rel%$&"es (e e5,&l&)r&" # l"s )%l%$es (e %!er&%. Se %l$%'% el res,l!%(" +&%l $,%(" se lle2% % l% $"p"s&$&* (el %l&e!" $" %)%s ser&es (e $0l$,l"s. R%r% 7e' se lle2% % e%$!% $"&$&(e$&%3 (e)&(" % l% (&+&$,l!%( (e p%r!&r (e l%s $"(&$&"es C"rre$!%s (el (es!&l%(" # res&(,". P"r !%!" %)r0 5,e es!%)le$er , $&er!" $r&!er&" s")re el 2r%(" (e %pr"&%$&* %l 5,e (e)e lle2%rse. E!re es!"s 6!"("s 0s $""$&(%s es!0
•
El (e Le&s9M%!es".
•
El (e T&ele9Ge((es.
•
A,(s" # P"!&e
•
Ne!" R%ps"
F&%le!e se !r%!%r0 el 6!"(" )%s%(" e l% s"l,$&* (el s&s!e% (e e$,%$&"es +"r%(" p"r l"s )%l%$es (e %!er&% # l%s rel%$&"es (e e5,&l&)r&" (e)&(%e!e l&e%l&'%(%s3 5,e " &pl&$% $0l$,l"s p&s" % p&s"3 # 5,e A,(s" # P"!&e pr"p"e. P%r% ,es!r"s $%s"3 el 6!"(" 5,e "s e+"$%re"s (e %5,4 %(el%!e es el 6!"(" 0s $" (e Le&s9M%!es"3 p,es!" 5,e es , 6!"(" 0s e!e(&)le # +0$&l (e $%l$,l%r3 5,e se )%s% e l"s $%$,l"s (e p,!"s (e ),r),8% # r"$4" (e %$,er(" % l%s $"(&$&"es (e "per%$&*3 es!e 6!"(" se p,e(e $"plee!%r %l 6!"(" %pr"&%("3 p,es!" 5,e l"s (%!"s $%l$,l%("s p"r el 6!"(" s" (%!"s &&$&%les (e $0l$,l" p%r% es!e 6!"("
M+oo e LeJ!<-M#+e
63
9 V%r&%)les (e (&se-" +&8%s F ; Z iF ;T F ; P F ;* cl ; bcp
es!"s (%!"s p,e(e ser (%!"s $%l$,l%("s
p"r el 6!"(" %pr"&%(". 9 R%'"es (e e5,&l&)r&"
k i= k (T ; P )
E+#=#< e c6cuo: & p%r% &&$&%r el $0l$,l" (el 6!"(" r&2,r"s" pre7&%e!e se% (e)&(" re%l&'%(" el 6!"(" %pr"&%(" p%r% $%l$,l%r
* i ; D ; * cl ; * cp ; " iD ; " cl D ; " cpD ; bcl ;b cp ; bi ; B ; " clB ; " cpB ; " iB
3 ; α D i ; j D%!"s (e l% '"% (e re$!&+&$%$&*
D%!"s (e l% '"% (e %2"!%&e!"
$1 L%s e$,%$&* (e )%l%$e (e %!er&%3 l% rel%$&* (e re+l,8" s" l%s &s%s e$,%$&"es (es$r&!%s e %!er&"re!e e l% p%r!e (e (es!&l%$&* )&%r&%
/ e(&%!e l"s (%!"s (e e5,&l&)r&" % p%r!&r (e l%s $"p"s&$&"es (e (es!&l%(" " Di # res&(," " 5i
es!&%(%s e ?1 # s,s !eper%!,r%s (e r"$&* # ),r),8% se $%l$,l%.
S& el $"(es%("r +,er% p%r$&%l T D =T r =%empera%(ra*e rocio
k i / n+1=
& i /n
" i / n
E$.;.?<@
S& el $"(es%("r +,er% !"!%l T D =T b =%empera%(ra*e b(rb(ja " Di = & iD
64
El re+l,8" (e)e re!"r%r % l% $"l,% % l% !eper%!,r% T D e l"s ("s $%s"s %!er&"res
Her7&("r p%r$&%l T B=T b=%empera%(ra*e b(rb(ja k bi =
& Bi
" Bi
E$.;.?<
El re+l,8" (e l"s +"("s (e)e re!"r%r % l% $"l,% % l% !eper%!,r% T B 5,e l% !eper%!,r% (e (el er7&("r
' l% e$,%$&* (e )%l%$e (e %!er&% p%r% el $"p"e!e &. %pl&$%(% %l p&s" g? ser0 '"% (e re$!&+&$%$&* & i / 1
" i / 1
& i /n +1=
3 D "i / n+ " Di /n V V
E$.;.?<
Fue*+e: Tre#)%l3 R. /?::;13 pp. :? 0 se $%l$,l% l% !eper%!,r% (e r"$&* (el 7%p"r (e $"p"s&$&*
& i /n +1 &conk
i /n + 1
% !%l !eper%!,r%
p,e(e (e(,$&rse l% $"p"s&$&* (e l45,&(" e e5,&l&)r&" T n+1 & " i /n $"rr&2&e(" s& +,er% e$es%r&" l% ser&e (e +r%$$&"es "l%res s& s, s,% (&+&ere % l% s,% (e l% ,&(%(. " Di k i / n+1= " i /n
E$.;.?<:
1 l% e$,%$&* (e )%l%$e (e %!er&% p%r% el $"p"e!e &. %pl&$%(% %l p&s" g? ser0 '"% (e %2"!%&e!" " i /n +1=
V B "i / n+ " 5 3 3
E$.;.??<
65
Fue*+e: Tre#)%l3 R. /?::;13 pp. :? C#cuo e =#+o e !*+er
( ) " C . 3 . "C . P .
=
(
( ) ( −+ )
: C . 3 .− "
D/ C .3 .
: C . P .− "
∗
D/ C . P.
1 q 2 1
1−q 2 + 1
)
E$.;.???
o*# e rec+!?!c#c!;*
( )( ) "C . 3 .
"C . P .
I
n
"C . 3 .
" C . P .
E$.;.??
E$.;.??;
o*# e #o+#@!e*+o
( )( ) " C . 3 .
"C . P .
J
n
" C . 3 .
" C . P .
Fue*+e: Tre#)%l3 R. /?::;13 pp. :< FIGURA N8 /.&$ C"l,% (e (es!&l%$&* p%r% 6!"(" r&2,r"s".
66
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%
6
F!ur#: /.&/ D&%2r%% (e )l"5,es (el 6!"(" Le&s9M%!es"
6/
*
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%
60
CAPITULO IV '
ENTORNO AL SIMULADOR
4.1 USO DE SIMULADORES EN LA INDUSTRIA QU)MICA.
T"("s l"s pr"+es&"%les rel%$&"%("s %l (es%rr"ll" (&%r&" (e ,% pl%!% 5,4&$% !&ee l% resp"s%)&l&(%( (e (e$&(&r 5,e %$er +re!e % (&+ere!es s&!,%$&"es (e "per%$&*3 p"r ell" es &p"r!%!e 5,e l% pers"% % $%r2" sep% 5,e %$$&* res,l!% ser l% 0s %(e$,%(% p%r% s"l,$&"%r l% pr")le0!&$% prese!e. L%e!%)lee!e l%s $"(&$&"es (e !r%)%8" e l% &(,s!r&% " per&!e el pr"$es" (e pr,e)% # err"r3 p,es &plee!%r ,% (e$&s&* e5,&7"$%(% p,e(e lle2%r % !eer $"se$,e$&%s &(ese%(%s e l%s $"(&$&"es (e espe$&+&$%$&* (el pr"(,$!". S& e)%r2" ,!&l&'%r , s&,l%("r " es s&epre l% &$% " e8"r %l!er%!&7%. U% ),e% +"r% (e (e$&(&r s& , s&,l%("r es %(e$,%("3 es $"s&(er%r l%s s&2,&e!es s&!,%$&"es 9
C,%(" e&s!e l% +"r,l%$&* %!e0!&$% per" es (&+4$&l ")!eer ,% s"l,$&* res"l,$&* (e ,$"s es5,e%s !e*r&$"s res,l!% ser !% e!es%
%%l4!&$% L%
5,e % e,(" se re$,rre %
s&pl&+&$%$&"es 5,e er% l% e%$!&!,( (el "(el". 9
S& " e&s!e el s&s!e% re%l
9
S& es &p"s&)le eper&e!%r (&re$!%e!e $" el s&s!e% re%l De)&(" % 5,e e pl%!% se (e)e %!eer , es!r&$!" $"!r"l (e $%l&(%(3 " se p,e(e &!er7e&r el s&s!e% l%s 7e$es 5,e se% e$es%r&" %s!% e$"!r%r l% s"l,$&* *p!&%.
9
El s&s!e% e7"l,$&"% ,# le!%e!e3 " ,# r0p&(%e!e L% p"s&)&l&(%( 5,e "+re$e l"s s&,l%("res %$!,%les (e "(&+&$%r el !&ep" 7&r!,%l (e l% s&,l%$&*3 es , re$,rs" &7%l,%)le p%r% es!,(&%r pr")le%s (e es!e es!&l"3 e el s&,l%("r se p,e(e ")!eer el res,l!%(" e ,"s p"$"s se2,("s.
9
El (es%rr"ll" (el "(el" p,e(e ser $"s!"s"3 l%)"r&"s" # le!". Es pre$&s" , $""$&&e!" (el s&s!e% % "(el%r3 &$l,#e(" $"s&(er%$&"es
%pl&"
espe$4+&$%s !"%(%s (e
pl%!%s " (&se-"s s&&l%res. 9
N" se p,e(e $""$er el 2r%(" (e &pre$&s&* (e l"s res,l!%("s. Geer%l&'%("3 l%s $"7e&e$&%s (e ,!&l&'%r el s&,l%("r $"p,!%$&"%l s"3 e!re "!r%s3 5,e e7&!% $"pl&$%("s $0l$,l"s # e!re2% res,l!%("s r0p&(%e!e. Y +,(%e!%le!e3 %l !r%)%8%r $" s&s!e%s %)s!r%$!"s3 " e&s!e el r&es2" (e &,!&l&'%r , e5,&p" & l% e$es&(%( (e (e!eer l% pr"(,$$&* p"r (e$&s&"es e5,&7"$%(%s. 4.2 #ET'&S%$ *4. Pe!r"9SIM el pr&er # &$" pr"$es" s&,l%("r $%p%' (e "(el%("r (e re+&er4% re%le!e es$%l%)le. Pe!r"9SIM pr"p"r$&"% !e$"l"24% p&"er% p%r% %p"#%r l% e7%l,%$&* $"p%r%!&7%3 l% e7%l,%$&* # l% e8"r% s"s!e&(% (e l,$r". Pr"p&e!%r&"s (e l% re+&er4% ")!&ee ,% 7e!%8% $"pe!&!&7% # e8"r%r l% re!%)&l&(%( e(&%!e l% re(,$$&* (e err"res3 e8"r%r l% !"% (e (e$&s&"es # pr"p"r$&"% +0$&l %$$es" % l% re+&er4% (e %$" $""$&&e!"s # eper&e$&%. A !r%76s (e l% &!er+%' (e Pe!r"9SIM !"!%le!e &!er%$!&7"3 ,s!e( p,e(e +0$&le!e %&p,l%r 7%r&%)les (e pr"$es" # l% !"p"l"24% (e +,$&"%&e!" (e l% ,&(%(3 # !"!%le!e pers"%l&'%r l% s&,l%$&* ,!&l&'%(" s, $%p%$&(%( (e e!es&)&l&(%(. Es ,% err%&e!% )%s%(% e H#s#s3 p,e(e eple%rse $"" err%&e!% (e (&se-"3 pr")%(" 7%r&%s $"+&2,r%$&"es (el s&s!e% $%p%' (e "p!&&'%rl" e l% re+&er4%. /Pe!r"9S& User G,&(e BC Pr"$ess Te$"l"2#3 <<>9
Re?!*er# Moe#*o Souc!o*e< Pe!r"9SIM per&!e r"per l%s )%rrer%s (e re(&&e!" # e8"r%r l% re!%)&l&(%( (e $,%!r" %er%s ?. Al
pr"p"r$&"%r
l%
$%p%$&(%(
(e
(es%rr"ll%r
"(el"s
(e
!"(%
l%
re+&er4%
#
e7%l,%r l%s 7%r&%)les e$"*&$%s # %)&e!%les $l%7es (e!r" (e l% re+&er4% e$""4% (e l% 1
$%(e% (e s,&&s!r". Me(&%!e el (es%rr"ll" (e ,% s"l% re+&er4% "(el"s (e %$"3 ,% ,&(%( " !&ee 5,e ser "p!&&'%(" % epes%s (e "!r%. . A !r%76s (e l% &!e2r%$&* (e Pr"+&%!&$s S& Ser&e (e BC # "(el"s (e re%$!"res Pe!r"+&e e (&%2r%%s (e +l,8" Pe!r"9SIM. ;. Me(&%!e
l%
&$"rp"r%$&*
(e
e$%&s"s
&!e2r%les
(e
BC
p%r%
el es%#"
l% 2es!&* # l% re+&er4% (e pre(&$$&* pr"p&e(%( +4s&$%3 (e8%(" "p!&&'%r l%s espe$&+&$%$&"es # l&&!%$&"es re%les. . Al per&!&r % l%s re+&er4%s % %pr"7e$%r l% eper&e$&% (e BC p%r% re+&er4% e8"r% (e l"s )ee+&$&"s %l !&ep" 5,e %pr"7e$% l"s &s"s "(el"s. Tr%(&$&"%le!e3 l"s "(el"s % !e&(" , %l$%$e l&&!%(" p"r5,e !"(% l% pl%!% l"s "(el"s es (&+4$&les (e $"s!r,&r # %!eer p"r5,e l% $"p,!%("r% $" s,s re5,&s&!"s (e %r(%re l&&!% el !%%-" (el "(el". Pe!r"9SIM 5,e per&!e (es%rr"ll%r "(el"s (e !"(% l% pl%!%3 pr"p"r$&"%(" $%p%$&(%(es !6$&$%s ,$% %!es "+re$&(" re+&er4% es%#"s. Es%#"s (e l% re+&er4% se )%s% e , "(el" $"$ep!,%l $" ,% $"le$$&* (e s"+!%re %s"$&%(" (e 6!"("s p%r% l% $%r%$!er&'%$&* (e l%s e(&$&"es # pr"p&e(%(es (e %!er&%les (e &(r"$%r),r"s. U es%#" (e re+&er4% %!r&' es ,% $"le$$&* (e &+"r%$&* s")re el %!er&%l % )%se (e &(r"$%r),r". /Pe!r"9S& User G,&(e BC Pr"$ess Te$"l"2#3 <<>9
De+&&r p%5,e!e (e +l,&("
9
E8e$,!%r %-%(&r $"rr&e!es p%r% $0l$,l"s (el $"pres"r
9
U!&l&(%(es (e $"rr&e!e (e $re%r # pe2%r
9
Espe$&+&$%$&* (el pr"2r%% Aspe H#s#s3 l% $,%l es 70l&(% p%r% Pe!r"9SIM3 $,%(er" (e !r%)%8".
9
Ar%r el (&%2r%% (el pr"$es"
9
S,&&s!r%r l%s err%&e!%s e$es%r&%s p%r% re%l&'%r s&,l%$&"es (e pr"$es"s 5,4&$"s3 # pr"7eer ,% eper&e$&% (e e!re%&e!" e el ,s" (e s"+!%re Pe!r"9S&. /I2. V&ll%rp%("3
2
L% s&,l%$&* (&2&!%l (e pr"$es"s es l% %$!&7&(%( p"r l% $,%l , $"8,!" (e s,)pr"2r%%s /,&(%(es (e $0l$,l"1 es$r&!"s e le2,%8e s&)*l&$" per&!e3 ,% 7e' e8e$,!%("s e el $"p,!%("r3 l% ")!e$&* p"r $0l$,l" (e 7%l"res re%l&s!%s p%r% l%s 7%r&%)les (e "per%$&* $%r%$!er4s!&$%s (e , pr"$es" 5,4&$". T%!" el (&se-" $"" l% "per%$&* (e ,% pl%!% se p,e(e +%$&l&!%r e(&%!e l% s&,l%$&* (el pr"$es" " (e %l2,%s (e s,s p%r!es3 #% 5,e es ,# (&+4$&l 5,e l% (&re$$&* (e l% epres% per&!% % l"s &2e&er"s &!r"(,$&r %r)&!r%r&%e!e $%)&"s e ,% &s!%l%$&* p"r el s&ple e$" (e 7er 5,e es l" 5,e "$,rre. A(e0s el "(el" %!e0!&$" (e , pr"$es" se p,e(e %&p,l%r 0s +0$&le!e 5,e l% pl%!% re%l. S&,l%$&* es el pr"$es" (e (&se-%r , "(el" (e , s&s!e% re%l # lle7%r % $%)" eper&e$&%s $" el &s" $" l% +&%l&(%( (e $"pre(er el $"p"r!%&e!" (el s&s!e% " (e e7%l,%r ,e7%s es!r%!e2&%s 9 (e!r" (e l"s l4&!es &p,es!"s p"r , $r&!er&" " $"8,!" (e ell"s3 p%r% el +,$&"%&e!" (el s&s!e%. _R.E. S%"`. /I2. V&ll%rp%("3
L#< re#c!o*e< ?
B%l%$es (e %s% # eer24%
9
Rel%$&"es (e e5,&l&)r&"
9
C"rrel%$&"es (e 7el"$&(%( /Re%$$&*3 !r%s+ere$&% (e %s% # $%l"r1
Pre!ce 9
Fl,8"s3 $"p"s&$&"es # pr"p&e(%(es (e l%s $"rr&e!es
9
C"(&$&"es (e "per%$&*
9
T%%-" (e e5,&p"
Au*#< #=!c#c!o*e< 9
D&se-" # "p!&&'%$&* (e pr"$es"s
9
E!re%&e!" "per%!&7" (e "per%r&"s
9
P%r% lle7%r % $%)" $"!r"l (e pr"$es"s /es!r%!e2&%s (e $"!r"l pre(&$!&7" FF1. 4.5 D%SEF& DE #'&CES&S
P,e(e $"s&(er%rse $"s!&!,&(" p"r !res e!%p%s
3
S*+e
O=+!@!#c!;* p,e(e ser p%r%6!r&$%3 "(&+&$%(" p%r0e!r"s !%les $"" pres&*3 !eper%!,r%. El res,l!%(" (e es!%s !res e!%p%s es el (&%2r%% (e +l,8" (e pr"$es"s e +"r% " (e+&&!&7% %"r% $" l" 5,e se $""$e $"" &2e&er4% (e (e!%lles. Es l% e!%p% e l% $,%l se re5,&ere s"l,$&"%r )%l%$es (e %!er&% # eer24% p%r% , pr"$es" e es!%(" es!%$&"%r&"3 $%l$,l%r (&es&"es # $"s!"s. /I2. V&ll%rp%("3
A0l&s&s (el s&s!e% /&(e!&+&$%$&* (e p%r0e!r"s3 per!,r)%$&"es3 7%r&%)les %&p,l%)les3 7%r&%)les (e e!r%(% # (e s%l&(%1.
4
U% 7e' &(e!&+&$%(%s l%s 7%r&%)les $r4!&$%s (el s&s!e%3 l% s&,l%$&* es!%$&"%r&% per&!e (e!er&%r3 p%r% (&s!&!"s es$e%r&"s p"s&)les3 l% $%!&(%( (e +l,8" # l% pres&* (el 2%s e!re2%(" % $%(% (es!&". P"r "!r% p%r!e3 l% s&,l%$&* (&0&$% " se l&&!% % (es$r&)&r l"s es!%("s es!%$&"%r&"s (el s&s!e% s&" 5,e !%)&6 (es$r&)e $*" e7"l,$&"% el es!%(" (el pr"$es". 4./ *ENTA)AS G DES*ENTA)AS DE LA A#L%CAC%-N DE S%$+LAC%-N DE #'&CES&S
Ve*+##<: ?. Es!,(&%r pr"$es"s e&s!e!es (e ,% %er% 0s r0p&(%3 e$"*&$% # $"ple!% e l% pl%!% re%l. L% s&,l%$&* " &!er+&ere e l"s s&s!e%s (e pr"$es"s re%les. . C" , "(el" %!e0!&$" %(e$,%(" se p,e(e re%l&'%r es%#"s e l"s 7%l"res e!re"s (e $&er!%s $"(&$&"es (e "per%$&*3 l" $,%l " ser4% p"s&)le %$er e l% pl%!%. ;. Per&!e $"p%r%r $" r%p&(e' # &,$&"s&(%( (&s!&!"s pr"$es"s3 "(&+&$%$&"es " (&se-"s 5,e se (esee $"l"$%r e "per%$&*. T%)&6 per&!e es%#%r &p*!es&s s")re s&s!e%s " pr"$es"s %!es (e lle7%rl"s % l% pr0$!&$%. . L% ")ser7%$&* (e!%ll%(% (el s&s!e% s&,l%(" "s per&!e !eer ,% e8"r $"pres&* (el &s". >. D&se-" (e e5,&p"s # pl%!%s $"ple!%s e , e"r !&ep" # $" e"r prese$&% (e err"res e &pre$&s&*. Represe!% , pr"$es" rel%!&7%e!e e+&$&e!e # se$&ll"
De<"e*+##<: L"s "(el"s (e s&,l%$&* p%r% $"p,!%("r% s" $"s!"s"s # re5,&ere !&ep" p%r% (es%rr"ll%rse # 7%l&(%rse. Se re5,&ere 2r% $%!&(%( (e $"rr&(%s p%r% e$"!r%r _s"l,$&"es *p!&%s`. 5
Es (&+4$&l %$ep!%r l"s "(el"s (e s&,l%$&*. L"s "(el"s (e s&,l%$&* " s" (e "p!&&'%$&* (&re$!% /s" "(el"s (e %0l&s&s1. Se p,e(e !eer res!r&$$&"es " l&&!%$&"es e l% (&sp"&)&l&(%( (el s"+!%re re5,er&(". 4.0 L%$%T L%$%TAC AC%&N %&NES ES DE DE L&S L&S S%$ S%$+LA +LAD&' D&'ES ES
Se (e)e !eer e $,e!% 5,e l"s res,l!%("s (e ,% s&,l%$&* " s" s&epre +&%)les # es!"s se (e)e %%l&'%r $r4!&$%e!e. H%# 5,e !eer e $,e!% 5,e l"s res,l!%("s (epe(e (e L% $%l&(%( (e l"s (%!"s (e e!r%(% De 5,e 5,e l%s l%s $"rr $"rrel el%$ %$&" &"e ess epl eple% e%(% (%ss se% se% l%s l%s
%pr" %pr"p& p&%( %(%s %s /es$ /es$"2 "2er er )&e )&e el p%5, p%5,e! e!ee
!er"(&0&$"1. /I2. B&ll%rp%("
UNA VISI(N HIST(RICA DE SIMULACI(N L% &s!"r&% (e l% s&,l%$&* (el pr"$es" se &&$&* e ?:@@3 $,%(" S&,l%$&* C&e$&%3 ,% pe5,e-% epres% ,)&$%(% e l"s 2eles3 EE.UU.3 !,7" l% &(e% (e $"er$&%l&'%r , pr"2r%% &+"r0!&$" 2e6r&$" p%r% l% s&,l%$&* (e (es!&l%$&* $"l,%sl SIMULACIN. Es!e s"+!%re se (es% (es%rr rr"l "ll% l%(" (" e !"(%# "(%#s sPr Pr"" IIpr IIpr"$ "$es esss s"+! s"+!99 s&, s&,ll%$& %$&* ,!e ,!es& s&l& l&"s "s (e $"$& $"$&% % /&".&7es#s. /&".&7es#s.$"1. $"1. Tres %-"s 0s !%r(e3 CeS%re CeS%re /H",s!"3 /H",s!"3 EE.UU.1 EE.UU.1 p,)l&$* p,)l&$* DISE[O3 DISE[O3 , pr"2r%% $%p%' p%r% %pl&$%$&"es (e 2%s # pe!r*le" +l"see!&2
E ?::>3 &s& I$
/.&s&.$"1 $"pr* l"s (ere$"s s")re el pr"2r%%3 5,e se $"er$&%l&'% $"" "# DISE[O II. Le2,%8e (e pr"2r%%$&* FORTRAN $"7&r!&* Te(e +%$!"r es!0(%r e!re l"s $&e!4+&$"s e &2e&er"s. L%s s&,l%$&"es +,er" e8e$,!%(%s 0s r0p&(" per" $"s!"s" %!e&&e!". El %r$&7" (e e!r%(% er% , %"8" (e !%r8e!%s per+"r%(%s3 $" &s!r,$$&"es e +"r%!" (e < $"l,%s. M0s !%r(e l% e!r%(% (e l"s (%!"s se &'" p"s&)le p"r l% e(&$&* (e , %r$&7" e ,% p%!%ll% ele$!r*&$%3 l%s &s!r,$$&"es p%r% l% e8e$,$&* (el !r%)%8" se $"(&+&$% % !r%76s (e , 2,%8e espe$4+&$". L% pr&er% $r&s&s ,(&%l (e pe!r*le" e ?:; % es!&,l%(" e"ree!e el &!er6s e l% s&,l%$&* (e pr"$es"s $" %l!er%!&7% %!er&%s pr&%s %,!*$!"%s3 $"" el $%r)* # l% )&"%s%. 6
E ?:@3 el Dep%r!%e!" (e Eer24% # M%ss%$,se!!s EE.UU. Is!&!,!" (e Te$"l"24% l%'%r" $"8,!%e!e el S&s!e% A7%'%(" (e I2e&er4% (e Pr"$es"s /ASPEN1 Pr"#e$!"3 l% r%4' (e s"+!%re AspeTe$ %speONE (e "#. El %(7e&&e!" (e l"s s&s!e%s (e $"p,!%$&* (e %l!% 7el" 7el"$& $&(% (%(( &p,l &p,ls%( s%("" el e2"$ e2"$&" &" (e pe5,e pe5,e-% -%ss epre epres%s s%s espe$ espe$&% &%l& l&'%( '%(%s %s e el "(e "(el% l%(" (" # s&,l%$&*. s&,l%$&*. A(e0s3 A(e0s3 l%s pr&$&p%les pr&$&p%les "+&$&%s (e &2e&er4%3 &2e&er4%3 %s4 $"" %l2,%s 2r%(es epres%s (e +%)r&$%$&* e re+&%$&* # pe!r"5,4&$% &(,s!r&%s (es%rr"ll%r" pr"2r%%s +l"see!&2 &!er"s. M%#"re!e se %("p!* l% se$,e$&%l "(,l%r /SM1 !e!,r%. S& e)%r2"3 %l2,"s p%5,e!es (e s&,l%$&* se )%s%r" e el e+"5,e "r&e!%(" % l% e$,%$&* /EO13 !%les $"" SPEEDUP e el Iper&%l C"lle2e (e L"(res /Re&" U&("1 # TISFLO %l DSM e l"s P%4ses B%8"s. El !&ep" !&ep" $"p%r!& $"p%r!&(" (" e !"(" !"(" el ,(" ,(" (e re(es re(es &+"r &+"r0!& 0!&$%s $%s e ?:<9?::< ?:<9?::< +,er" l"s pre$,rs"res (e l% %$!,%l I!ere!. Lle2* el "r(e%("r pers"%l e ?:.A pes%r (e 5,e el p"(er (e l"s pr&er"s PCs er% (6)&l p%r% Fl" L0&%s3 l% &(e% (e ,% err%&e!% pers"%l er% l" s,+&$&e!ee!e +,er!e $"" p%r% &$&!%r % l"s %+&$&"%("s. P"r l" !%!"3 CeS!%!&"s De9 7el"pe(CeCAD%( H#pr"!e$ (es%rr"ll* HYSYS $"" p%5,e!es (e s&,l%$&*. El (es%+4" (e l% s%l&r (el e!"r" el&!&s!% (e l"s %&+r%es se l%'* .L% lle2%(% (e l%s es!%$&"es (e !r%)%8" /?:>1 # (e , ,e7" s&s!e% "per%!&7" ,l!&!%re%. L% rel%!&7% es!%)&l&'%$&* (e l"s s&s!e%s3 ("&%(" e l% %$!,%l&(%( p"r "per%!&7"s M&$r"s"+! W&("s3 per&!&* el (es%rr"ll" (e l% ,e7% 2eer%$&* (e s"+!%re (e s&,l%$&*. L% &!er+%' 2r0+&$% (e ,s,%r&" /GUI1 se $"7&r!&* e ,% p%r!e $e!r%l e el s"+!%re (es%rr"ll". H"# e (4%3 l% s&,l%$&* (e pr"$es"s se $"$e!r% e , er" s"rpre(e!ee!e )%8" (e l"s s&s!e%s. P"r "!r" l%("3 l%s e$es&(%(es (e "(el%(" (e l"s ,s,%r&"s &(,s!r&%les s" ,$" %#"res. 4.11 ARQUITECTURA DE SOFARE SOFARE FLOSHEETING
'.&&.& '.&&.& ESTRATE ESTRATEGIA GIA DE CLCUL CLCULO O L% %r5,&!e$!,r% %r5,&!e$!,r% (e , s"+!%re se (e!er&% (e!er&% p"r l% es!r%!e2&% (e l% $"p,!%$&*. $"p,!%$&*. Tres Tres )0s&$"s e+"5,es se % (es%rr"ll%(" % l" l%r2" (e l"s %-"s
Se$,e$&%l 9M"(,l%r /SM1. E$,%$&* Or&e!%(% /EO1. S&,l!0e% ]M"(,l%r.
E l% %r5,&!e$!,r% %r5,&!e$!,r% SM3 el $0l$,l" $0l$,l" !"% ,&(%( p"r ,&(%( (e l,2%r l,2%r !r%s se$,e$&% .El $0l$,l" $0l$,l" s&2,e s&2,e ,% se$,e$& se$,e$&%3 %3 $" $"!&e !&ee e "pe "per%$& r%$&"e "ess ,&!%r& ,&!%r&%s %s # l"s )l"5,es )l"5,es (e $"7 $"7er2 er2e$& e$&%. %. C%(% "per%$&* (e l% ,&(%( " )l"5,e (e $"7er2e$&% se p,e(e res"l7er &(&7&(,%le!e3 s&epre 5,e l"s +l,8"s (e e!r%(% se (% # l%s ,&(%(es se % espe$&+&$%(" $"rre$!%e!e. U )l"5, )l"5,ee (e $"7e $"7er2 r2e e$& $&%% !%) !%)&6 &6 $" $"!& !&ee ee "pe "per% r%$& $&"e "ess , ,&! &!%r& %r&%s %s # "!r" "!r"ss )l"5 )l"5,es ,es (e $"7er $" 7er2e$ 2e$&%3 &%3 per" per" es!"s es!"s p,e p,e(e (e ser res,el! res,el!"s "s s*l" s*l" (e +"r% +"r% s&,l! s&,l!0e% 0e%.. Bl"5,es Bl"5,es (e $"7er2e$&% s,r2e (e)&(" % re$&r$,l%$&"es # espe$&+&$%$&"es (e (&se-". C,0(" re$&$l% es!0 &7"l,$r%("s3 l% es!r%!e2&% (e s"l,$&* &(e!&+&$% , $"8,!" (e $"rr&e!es. L%s ,&(%(es (el )l"5,e (e $"7er2e$&% $"7er2e$&% se p,e(e res"l7er res"l7er (e +"r% se$,e$&%l. se$,e$&%l. E!"$es3 l%s $"8e! $" 8e!,r% ,r%ss s" re7&s%(% re7&s%(%ss # %$!,%l& %$!,%l&'%(% '%(%ss p"r , %l2"r&! %l2"r&!" " %pr"p& %pr"p&%("3 %("3 %s!% 5,e se ")!e2 ")!e2%% l% $"7er2e$&%. Del &s" "("3 l% 7%r&%)le %&p,l%(% (e ,% espe$&+&$%$&* (e (&se-" se $%)&% %s!% l% espe$&+&$%$&* (e l% $"!r"l%(%. L% %r5,&!e$!,r% SM +,e el pr&er" ,!&l&'%(" e +l"see!&23 per" !"(%74% ("&% s"l" l% !e$"l"24% (e s&,l%$&* e es!%(" es!%$&"%r&". E!re l%s 7e!%8%s (e l% %r5,&!e$!,r% SM3 p"(e"s $&!%r
Des%rr"ll" "(,l%r (e $%p%$&(%(es Pr"2r%%$&* # %!e&&e!" +0$&l F0$&l $"!r"l (e l% $"7er2e$&%3 !%!" % &7el (e l%s ,&(%(es # (&%2r%% (e +l,8" H%# !%)&6 (es7e!%8%s3 $"" p"r e8epl" l02r &%s Ne$es&(%( (e %0l&s&s !"p"l*2&$" e &&$&%l&'%$&* s&s!e0!&$% (e l"s %rr"#"s (e l02r&%s
D&+&$,l!%( p%r% el !r%!%&e!" (e se$,e$&%s (e $0l$,l" 0s $"ple8"s3 $"" l"s ),$les %&(%("s " s&,l!0e% D&+&$,l!% l!%(( p%r% el !r%!% !r%!%&e &e!" !" (e l%s espe$&+&$ espe$&+&$%$& %$&"es "es rel%!&7% rel%!&7%ss % l% ,&(%( &!er% &!er% D&+&$, / )l"5,e1 (e 7%r&%)les
D&re$$&* r42&(% (e l% $"p,!%$&*3 "r%le!e s%l&(%s (e l%s e!r%(%s. s &s!e%s $" re$&$l%8es. N" es ,# %(e$,%(" p%r% l% s&,l%$&* (&0&$% (e s&s!e%s Se % pr"p,es!" %l2,%s "(&+&$%$&"es p%r% e8"r%r el +l,8" (e &+"r%$&* # e7&!%r $"" re(,(%!e. E!re ell"s3 p"(e"s e$&"%r l% !r%s&s&* Te)& 9(&re$$&"%l (e &+"r%$&* &plee!%(% e HYSYS. /
E el e+"5,e (e EO3 !"(%s l%s e$,%$&"es (e "(el%(" se es%)l% e , 2r% s&s!e% (e pr"(,$$&* (e N" l&e%les e$,%$&"es %l2e)r%&$%s e l% s&,l%$&* e es!%("s es!%$&"%r&"s # (&+ere$&%les # e$,%$&"es %l2e)r%&$%s e s&,l%$&* (&0&$%. P"r l" !%!"3 l% s"l,$&* se ")!&ee res"l7&e(" s&,l!0e%e!e !"(%s l%s e$,%$&"es (e "(el%(". E!re l%s 7e!%8%s (e l% %r5,&!e$!,r% (e l% e$,%$&* (e pr")le%s3 p"(e"s e$&"%r
E!"r" +le&)le p%r% l%s espe$&+&$%$&"es 3 5,e p,e(e ser e!r%(%s3 s%l&(%s " ,&(%( &!er% / )l"5,e1 (e 7%r&%)les
Me8"r !r%!%&e!" (e re$&$l%8es # s& e$es&(%( (e %rr"#"s (e l02r&%s. A(e$,%(" p%r% , e+"5,e (e "(el%(" "r&e!%(" % ")8e!"s. S& e)%r2"3 !%)&6 %# (es7e!%8%s s,s!%$&%les3 $""
M0s es+,er'" (e pr"2r%%$&* Ne$es&(%( (e pr"p"r$&"%r ),e%s %pr"&%$&"es &&$&%les p%r% l%s &$*2&!%s. Es!% &&$&%l&'%$&* se %$e % e,(" p"r , SM $"rrer (e , pr")le% es!re$%e!e rel%$&"%(".
Ne$es&(%( (e &p"r!%!es re$,rs"s (e $"p,!%$&*3 per" es!" es $%(% 7e' e"s , pr")le%.
D&+&$,l!%(es e el %e8" (e 2r%(es /e$,%$&"es %l2e)r%&$%s (&+ere$&%les1 DAE s&s!e%s.
C"7er2e$&% D&+4$&l (e se2,&&e!" # (ep,r%$&*. E e+"5,e s&,l!0e" "(,l%r3 l% es!r%!e2&% (e s"l,$&* es ,% $")&%$&* (e e+"5,es SM # EO "(el"s r&2,r"s"s se ,!&l&'% % &7el (e ,&(%(es3 5,e se res"l7&* (e +"r% se$,e$&%l3 &e!r%s 5,e se ,!&l&'% "(el"s l&e%les e &7el (e (&%2r%%s (e +l,8"3 res,el!" % &7el ,(&%l. L"s "(el"s l&e%les se %$!,%l&'% $" )%se e l"s res,l!%("s ")!e&("s $" r&2,r"s% "(el%$&*. Es!% %r5,&!e$!,r% se % eper&e!%(" e %l2,"s pr"(,$!"s %$%(6&$"s. Se p,e(e $"$l,&r 5,e el e+"5,e SM %!&ee ,% p"s&$&* ("&%!e e l% s&,l%$&* e es!%(" es!%$&"%r&". El e+"5,e EO % (e"s!r%(" s, p"!e$&%l e l% s&,l%$&* (&0&$%3 # l% "p!&&'%$&* e !&ep" re%l. L% s"l,$&* p%r% l%s +,!,r%s 2eer%$&"es (e +l"see!&2 s"+!%re 5,e p%re$e ser ,% +,s&* (e es!%s es!r%!e2&%s
0
'.&&.$ SECUENCIAL ENFOQUE MODULAR El e+"5,e (e SM se ,!&l&'% s")re !"(" e el s"+!%re +l"see!&2 e es!%(" es!%)le3 e!re l"s 5,e p"(e"s $&!%r $"" l"s pr&$&p%les pr"(,$!"s Aspe Pl,s 3 CHEMCAD 3 HYSYS 3 U&S& 3 Pr" II 3 Pr"S& 3 S&S$& # &s& . S& e)%r2"3 %# %l2,"s s&,l%("res (&0&$"s $"s!r,&(%s s")re es!% %r5,&!e$!,r%3 el ser 0s p"p,l%r HYSYS. El elee!" )0s&$" e , s&,l%("r "(,l%r es !e,&! "(el" (e "per%$&*. U "(el" (e s&,l%$&* $"!&ee e$,%$&"es %l2e)r%&$%s # (&+ere$&%les " l&e%les 5,e (es$r&)e l% $"ser7%$&* (e l% %s% 3 eer24% # "9e!* . Es!"s p,e(e ser represe!%("s (e l% s&2,&e!e +"r% $"(es%(% F /3,3(3p1 < Y 2 /1 D"(e se ,!&l&'%r" l%s s&2,&e!es %"!%$&"es •
3 V%r&%)les &!er%s /es!%("13 !%les $"" !eper%!,r%s3 pres&"es3 $"$e!r%$&"es.
•
,3 V%r&%)les (e e!r%(%3 $"e$!%r l% ,&(%( % "!r%s ,&(%(es (e %2,%s %rr&)%. E8epl"s !4p&$"s s" l%s $"rr&e!es (e e!r%(% espe$&+&$%(% $"" !eper%!,r%3 pres&*3 $%,(%l # $"p"s&$&*3 el (e)er3 el !r%)%8".
•
(3 L%s 7%r&%)les (e l% (e+&&$&* (e l% 2e"e!r4%3 $"" el 7"l,e3 0re% (e &!er$%)&" (e $%l"r3 e!$. /p%r0e!r"s (e l% ,&(%(1.
•
p3 L%s 7%r&%)les 5,e (e+&e l%s pr"p&e(%(es +4s&$%s3 !%les $"" e!%lp4%s espe$4+&$%s3 +%$!"res 3 e!$.
/
•
#3 V%r&%)les (e s%l&(%3 l% $"e&* (e l% ,&(%( % l% ,&(%( (e %2,%s %)%8" /p"r e8epl"3 !eper%!,r%3 pres&*3 !%s% (e +l,8"1.
'.&&./ ECUACI(N ENFOQUE ORIENTADO E e+"5,e EO3 l% %r5,&!e$!,r% (e s"+!%re se e$,e!r% $er$% (e , s"l,$&"%("r (e e$,%$&"es. S"l,$&* (e s&9 (&0&$% pr")le%s p"r , e+"5,e EO es 0s e+&$&e!e3 p"r5,e l"s s&s!e%s (&0&$"s se "(el% %!,r%le!e P"r , s&s!e% (e DAE (e l% +"r% *"1 *%
= $ ( ( / - 1, " 2, * / p )
0 =) ( ( / " 1 / " 2, * / p )
El s&s!e% 2l")%l DAE es es$%s% # r42&("3 # s, !%%-" 7%r4% e!re ?<; %s!% ?<> e$,%$&"es. L% s"l,$&* (e es!%(" es!%$&"%r&" se ")!&ee e(&%!e el es!%)le$&&e!" (e l"s (er&7%("s % $er". L% s&,l%$&* (&0&$% es 0s e&2e!e 5,e s, "*l"2" e el es!%(" es!%$&"%r&". E pr&er l,2%r3 e$es&!% ,$" 0s elee!"s (e !%%-". E!"$es3 l% 7%r&%$&* (e l% pres&* " p,e(e ser (es$,&(%(% " %2r,p%(% e l% espe$&+&$%$&* (e s&9 ,&(%(. A(e0s3 l"s elee!"s (e $"!r"l (el pr"$es" (e)e ser &!r"(,$&("s3 %l e"s p%r% el pr"p*s&!" (e es!%)&l&'%$&*. L&s&2 el &7e!%r&" ,&(%(. S& e)%r2"3 e el es!%(" (e e5,&l&)r&" (e l% espe$&+&$%$&* (e l%s 7%r&%)les es
/1
0s +le&)le. C,%l5,&er 7%r&%)le (e (&%2r%% (e +l,8" se p"(r4% es!%)le$er $""3 &(epe(&e!ee!e s& es!" se re+&ere % l"s +l,8"s (e e!r%(% " s%l&(%3 7%r&%)le ,&(%( &!er%. S"+!%re +l"see!&2 EO /!%les %s2PROMS%( Aspe C,s!" M"(eller1 pr"p"r$&"% &!e2r%l &s!%l%$&"es p%r% el (es%rr"ll"3 7%l&(%$&* # e8e$,$&* (e "(el"s (e s&,l%$&*3 p"r l% re%l&'%$&* (e %$!&7&(%(es !%les $"" e es!%(" es!%$&"%r&" # s&,l%$&* (&0&$%3 "p!&&'%$&* # es!&%$&* (e p%r0e!r"s. El le2,%8e (e "(el%(" !&ee , $%r0$!er "r&e!%(" % ")8e!"s # $" s"p"r!e (e ,% &!er+%' 2r0+&$% (e ,s,%r&" +0$&l (e ,s%r. As43 el ,s,%r&" (e+&e l%s $l%ses (e M"(els&$ es!0 &s!%$&% )#U&!s3 )#S!re%s $"e$!%("s /$%,(%l3 $"p"s&$&*3 pres&* # !eper%!,r%1 (e %$,er(" $" l% !"p"l"24% (e (&%2r%% (e +l,8". TeU&!s$% %2re2%rse p%r% +"r%r $"pleM"(els.
'.&&.' INTEGRACI(N DE HERRAMIENTAS DE LA SIMULACI(N ?. L% &!e2r%$&* (e pr"(,$!"s $"plee!%r&"s e !"r" % , s&s!e% $e!r%l (e +l"see!&2 . L% &!er$"e&* (e l"s pr"(,$!"s s,&&s!r%("s p"r (&+ere!es pr"7ee("res p"r e(&" (e , s&s!e% (e %r$&7"s (e(&$%(" /&!er+%' (e pr"2r%%$&* (e %pl&$%$&"es1 ;. L% %2r,p%$&* (e 7%r&"s p%5,e!es (e %lre(e("r (e , e!"r" 2r0+&$" # el e!"r" (e )%se (e (%!"s3 &p,ls%(" p%r% l"s es!0(%res 2eer%le!e %$ep!%("s L% $"pe!e$&% (e l% (6$%(% (e ?::<. El se2,(" e+"5,e se $"s&(er% e "$%s&"es $"" ,% %s"$&%$&* e!re pr"7ee("res (e s&,l%("res 2eer%l&s!%s # l"s pe5,e-"s (es%rr"ll%("res espe$&%l&'%("s e %pl&$%$&"es (e e$". E l% pr0$!&$% re+ere!e3 (&+ere!es s&s!e%s3 % 7e$es e $"pe!e$&% (&re$!%3 % (e"s!r%(" ser &7&%)le. U% r%'* p"(r4% ser el %l!" $"s!" (e (es%rr"ll" (e &!er+%$es espe$&%l&'%(%s 5,e se $"7&r!&* r0p&(%e!e ")s"le!" (e)&(" % l"s $%)&"s r0p&("s e !e$"l"24% (e l% &+"r%$&*. El !er$er e+"5,e p%re$e ser l% 0s r%$&"%l. F&2,re .? (es$r&)es el $"$ep!".
/2
S&s!e% (e s"+!%re &!e2r%(" (e e!"r" (e )%se (e (%!"s. El $le" (e , s&s!e% &!e2r%(" es el s&s!e% (e )%se (e (%!"s # l% &!er+%' 2r0+&$% (e ,s,%r&". El $"8,!" p,e(e ser &!er9+re!e % l"s p%5,e!es (e s&,l%$&*3 pr&$&p%le!e p%r% l%s pr"p&e(%(es +4s&$%s # !er"(&0&$%s $0l$,l"s3 $"" p%r% +l"see!&2 (e es!%(" es!%$&"%r&". P%5,e!es (e(&$%("s % %$!&7&(%(es $"$ep!,%les3 !%les $"" s&$r"&'%$&* pr"$es" !es&s " l% &!e2r%$&* (e $%l"r3 " p%r% !%re%s (e &2e&er4%3 $"" el (&se-" (e &!er$%)&%("res (e $%l"r " (e !,)er4%s3 p,e(e ser &$"rp"r%(" e , se2,(" &7el (e $"ple8&(%(. I$l,s" 0s $"ple8% es l% $"e&* (e , s&9 (&0&$". El s&s!e% &!e2r%(" !%)&6 (e)e es!%r (&sp,es!" % %$ep!%r "(el"s (e ,s,%r&" .V%r&"s pr"#e$!"s p%r% el (es%rr"ll" (e )%ses (e (%!"s (e &2e&er4% (e pr"$es"s $"er$&%les se % p,es!" e %r$% e l"s %-"s ?:<9?::<3 per" &2,% % s")re7&7&(". L"s r0p&("s $%)&"s e l% !e$"l"24% &'" 5,e el (es%rr"ll" (e !%les pr"(,$!"s ,# %rr&es2%("s Ar5,&!e$!,r% (e s"+!%re %)&er!" se %$e e$es%r&%. U e8epl" es l% CAPE 9 OPEN &&$&%!&7% /.$"l%."r21. 4.12 S%STE$AS %NTE'AD&S
V%r&"s s&s!e%s pr&$&p%les (e s&,l%$&* &!e2r%("s se prese!%r0 e )re7e. I+"r%$&* %$!,%l&'%(% p,e(e ser e$"!r%(% p"r $"s,l!%r % l"s s&!&"s e) respe$!&7"s.
/3
'.&$.& ASPENONE SUITE DE INGENIER)A ASPENTECH El s&s!e% &!e2r%(" &$l,#e !%!" el s&s!e% +l"see!&2 p%r% !"(" ,s" # p%5,e!es espe$&%l&'%("s. D&+ere!es p%5,e!es $",&$% % !r%76s (e %r$&7"s espe$4+&$"s3 per" $"p%r!e l"s &s"s 6!"("s (e pr"p&e(%(es +4s&$%s.
Aspe Pl,s e!"r" (e s&,l%$&* e es!%(" es!%$&"%r&" $" )%se (e (%!"s $"ple!% # !er"(&0&$% "(el%("K es!,(&"s (e +%$!&)&l&(%( (e ,e7"s (&se-"s3 %0l&s&s (e pl%!%s $"ple8%s $" re$&$l%8es3 "p!&&'%$&*.
. Aspe Pl,s D&0&$% +l"see!&2 (&0&$% &!er+%' &!Aspe Pl,s. Aspe C,s!" M"(el%r "(el%r e!"r" (e ,s,%r&" $"plee!" ,&(%(es # pr"2r%%$&* e (&0&$% s&,l%$&*.
P"l4er"s 9Aspe pr&er"s pr&$&p&"s !e$"l"24% (e "(el%(" (e p"l4er"3 !"!%le!e &!e2r%("s &!Aspe Pl,s3 Aspe Pl,s D&0&
%$ Aspe C,s!" M"(eller. L4(er e el se$!"r pr"p&e(%(es +4s&$%s3 eple%(" el es!%(" (e l% !6$&$% (e "(el"s (e $"e+&$&e!es (e %$!&7&(%( (e p"l4er" # e$,%$&"es (e es!%("K &$l,#e e!es% )%ses (e (%!"s (e se2e!"s (e p"l4er"3 &&$&%("res # l"s p%r0e!r"s (e e5,&l&)r&" (e +%se. C&6!&$% (e p"l&er&'%$&* &$l,#e el $"8,!" 0s e%,s!&7" (e l"s re24ees $&6!&$%s (e p"l&er&'%$&* (&sp"&)les e el er$%(".
Pr"p&e(%(es 9Aspe 6!"("s (e pr"p&e(%(es +4s&$%s (el es!%(" (e l% !6$&$%3 "(el"s3 %l2"r&!"s # (%!"s3 &$l,#e(" $%p%$&(%(es (e re2res&* # 6!"("s (e es!&%$&*.
9Aspe Des!&l%$&* S4!es&s per&!e el (&se-" $"$ep!,%l r0p&(" (e l"s re24ees (e (es!&l%$&* p%r% l% sep%r%$&* (e e'$l%s 5,4&$%s $" VLE " &(e%l.
L% %(s"r$&* 9Aspe per&!e l% s&,l%$&* # "p!&&'%$&* (e pr"$es"s p%r% ,% %pl&% 2%% (e 2%ses &(,s!r&%les # pr"$es"s (e %(s"r$&* (e l45,&("s3 &$l,#e(" l% %(s"r$&* re%$!&7%3 &!er$%)&" &*&$" # pr"$es"s $4$l&$"s.
Cr"%!"2r%+4% 9Aspe , s&,l%("r &!e2r%l (&%2r%% (e +l,8" p%r% l% s&,l%$&* # "p!&&'%$&* De l"!es # pr"$es"s $r"%!"2r0+&$"s $"!&,"s. Se per&!e % l"s &2e&er"s # $&e!4+&$"s p%r% "(el%r # $"pre(er l% sep%r%$&* # pr"$es"s (e p,r&+&$%$&* 5,e se e$,e!r% "r%le!e e l% &(,s!r&% +%r%$6,!&$%3 )&"!e$"l"24%3 5,4&$% +&% # pr"(,$!"s %l&e!&$&"s epres%s. /4
'.&$.$ FAMILIAS DE PRODUCTOS HYSYS ASPENTECH Aspe HYSYS es , s&s!e% (e "(el%(" (e pr"$es"s &!e2r%l %pl&%e!e ,!&l&'%(" p"r l"s pr"(,$!"res (e pe!r*le" # 2%s3 re+&er4%s # epres%s (e &2e&er4% /.%spe!e$.$"1 .HYSYS%s $re%("s p"r H#pr"!e$3 per" (esp,6s (e 5,e %#% s&(" %(5,&r&(" # "(&+&$%(" p"r AspeTe$ # p"r H"peell 9 ("(e se le $""$e $"" U&S& D&se-". L"s pr&$&p%les $"p"e!es "+ HYSYS%re HYSYS
Aspe s&,l%$&* e es!%(" es!%$&"%r&". Aspe HYSYS (&0&$" s&,l%$&* (&0&$% &!e2r%(% espe$&%le!e (&r&2&(" % pe!r*le" # 2%s3 el 2%s pr"$es%&e!" 3 re+&%$&* (e pe!r*le".
Aspe HYSYS C%! Cr%$er3 &(r"$r%5,e"3 Del%#(C"er3 Re+"r%("r3 7&s)re%er s&,l%$&* (e ,&(%(es espe$4+&$% % ,% re+&er4%.
Aspe Ll%%r%(% S#s!e A%l#ser (&se-"3 7el"$&(%( # (es$"2es!&"%r l"s re+le8"s # l"s s&s!e%s (e 7e!&l%$&*.
Aspe HYSYS $&(" l&p&e'% (e l"s 2%ses $0l$,l"s )%s%("s e el !&p" r&2,r"s" # p%5,e!es (e pr"p&e(%( %(e$,%("s p%r% l% s&,l%$&* (e pr"$es"s (e %)s"r$&* )%s%("s e %&%s.
Aspe HYSYS Ups!re% Ups!re% # D&0&$% s&,l%$&* (e +l,8" ,l!&+0s&$" !r%s&!"r&% (e %$e&!e 3re(es (e %2,% # 2%s"(,$!"s K l% &!e2r%$&* (e l"s "(el"s (e re(es (e !,)er4%s $" pr"$es%&e!"
Moeo< !*<+##c!o*e< HYSYS.Pr"$ess El es!%(" es!%)le +l"see!&2 p%r% l"s ,e7"s (&se-"s # "(el"s (e l%s pl%!%s e&s!e!es *p!&"s 3 "(er&'%$&"es e7%l,%r # e8"r%r el pr"$es"
HYSYS.Pl%! el es!%(" es!%)le # (&0&$" (e s&,l%$&* p%r% e7%l,%r l"s (&se-"s (e l%s pl%!%s e&s!e!es3 # %%l&'%r l"s pr")le%s (e se2,r&(%( # $"!r"l.
HYSYS.Oper%!"r F"r%$&* &&$&"3 %p%2%(" " p"r eer2e$&%3 5,e $"s!% (e , &s!r,$!"r. Es!%$&* $" &!er+%' DCS3 # &!HYSYS.Pl%! $")&%(" $"" "!"r (e $0l$,l".
/5
HYSYS.RTO g Op!&&'%$&* ,l!&7%r&%)le e !&ep" re%lK "(el"s e l4e% se p,e(e ,s%r +,er% (e l4e% p%r% %#,(%r %!e&&e!"3 pr"2r%%$&* # "per%$&"es (e !"% (e (e$&s&"es.
HYSYS.Re+&er# R&2,r"s%e!e el "(el%(" (e pr"$es"s (e re+&%$&* $"ple!%s3 &!e2r%(" l% )%se (e (%!"s (e pe!r*le" $r,(" # , $"8,!" (e "(el"s (e re%$!"res (e re+&er4% r&2,r"s%.
HYSYS.A"&% M"(el%(" pl%!% $"ple!% # "p!&&'%$&* (e pl%!%s (e %"4%$". '.&$./ ARQUITECTURA DE SOFTARE ABIERTA A pes%r (e l% e&s!e$&% (e p"!e!es s&s!e%s (e s"+!%re &!e2r%("s3 %# ,% e$es&(%( (e l% &!e2r%$&* (e Pr"$es" (e %$!&7&(%( (e "(el%(" s")re ,% )%se 0s 2r%(e. Es!" (e)e !"%r pr"7e$" (e I!ere!3 $"" ,% re( e !"(" el ,(" $"" !r%)%8" (e $""$&&e!" # (e e2"$&"s. A r%4' (e eper!"s e !e$"l"24% (e l% &+"r%$&*3 ("s !&p"s (e err%&e!%s p,e(e ser (e &!er6s p%r% l"s ,s,%r&"s $"p"e!es (e "(el%(" (e pr"$es"s /PMC1 # e!"r"s (e "(el%(" (e pr"$es"s /PME1. L% pr&er% $%!e2"r4% es ,# 2r%(e3 &$l,#e(" " s*l" l"s "(el"s (e "per%$&* (e l% ,&(%( (e s"+!%re 0s &p"r!%!es pr"7ee("res3 s&" !%)&6 "(el"s espe$&%l&'%("s (e &2e&er4% # epres%s 5,e "per%3 %s4 $"" l%s "7e(%(es (e l%s $"s,l!"r4%s !e$"l*2&$%s # $e!r"s (e &7es!&2%$&* %$%(6&$%. L% "+er!% e PMC e , e!"r" (e $"p%r!&&e!" p"(r4% 7erse p"!e$&%le!e e"re e $"p%r%$&* $" l%s "p$&"es (&sp"&)les e l% %$!,%l&(%( e l"s pr"(,$!"s $"er$&%les. P"r "!r% p%r!e3 l% "+er!% e e!"r"s (e s&,l%$&* es ,# l&&!%(%. U% (e l%s l!&%s &&$&%!&7%s es el $"s"r$&" 9 CAPE OPEN /.$"l%."r21. Es!" &pl&$% l% $"l%)"r%$&* (e %l2,%s (e l%s pr&$&p%les epres%s "per%("r%s3 pr"7ee("res (e s"+!%re # l%s ,&7ers&(%(es3 $" el %p"#" (e l% U&* E,r"pe% /Br%,s$e&2 e! %l.3 <<<1. L% l!&% 7&s&* es !r%s+"r%r "(el"9 pr"$es" l&2 e ,% %$!&7&(%( (e $""per%$&* 5,e $"s&s!e e $"p%r!&r , 2r% er" (e $"p"e!es (e ,% 7%r&e(%( (e +,e!es. P"r "!r% p%r!e3 l% s&,l%$&* p,e(e ser $"$e)&(% $"" , pr"$es" &!er%$!&7" e8e$,!%(" e (&+ere!es "r(e%("res % !r%76s (e ser7&$&"s (e I!ere! " I!r%e!.
'.&$.' INTERNET SIMULACI(N H"# e (4%3 l% %#"r4% (e l"s s&,l%("res es!0 (&sp"&)les % !r%76s (e re(es l"$%les. N"r%le!e3 $%(% "r2%&'%$&* !&ee l% l&$e$&% p"r , s&,l%("r3 per" % 7e$es se p,e(e ,!&l&'%r , se2,(" " , !er$er p%5,e!e. E ,% 2l")%l&'%$&* e(&" %)&e!e3 el &!er$%)&" (e /6
$""$&&e!"s % !r%76s (e l%s "+&$&%s re"!%s e&2e ,% &p"r!%!e &7ers&* e $",&$%$&*9 &s!%l%$&"es. A(e0s3 ,% %pl&% $%!e2"r4% (e l"s ,s,%r&"s p"!e$&%les3 pe5,e-%s epres%s " $"s,l!"res3 s" e$l,&("s (e)&(" % l"s pr"$e(&&e!"s (e l&$e$&%. El %(7e&&e!" (e l% I!ere! $"" ,% re( ,(&%l (e !r%s&s&* e &!er$%)&" (e &+"r%$&* ser0 $%)&%r pr"+,(%e!e l% +"r% (e ,!&l&'%r l% s&,l%$&* (e pr"$es"s. El %$$es" re"!" % , s&s!e% (e s&,l%$&* /p"r e8epl" % !r%76s (e U% &!er+%' e) 1 es p"s&)le (es(e $,%l5,&er p,!" e $,%l5,&er "e!". L% (&sp"&)&l&(%( (e , ser7&("r (e 2r% %l$%$e ,(&%l p,e(e %l&7&%r l"s ,s,%r&"s (e l% ")ses&* (e $%)&%r %,%le!e el %r(%re # 2%s!%r ,% +"r!,% p%r% %!e&&e!". Es!%s s" 7e!%8%s %!er&%les. Per" !%)&6 %# % 0s 7e!%8%s &p"r!%!es $" l% $",&$%$&* # l% pr"(,$!&7&(%(. L% %!r%$$&* (e ,% $%!e2"r4% ,$" 0s 2r%(e. AspeTe$. /1. I!r"(,$$&* %l "(el" (e pr"$es"s $" %spe HYSYS F,e!e &r&3I.3R%8%2"p%l%3S./<<;1.pp3 ;>9<
/
CAPITULO V 0
DESCRIPCION DEL PROCESO DE OBTENCION DE ETILENO
F!ur#: 0 D&%2r%% (el pr"$es"
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&
//
5.1 @&'N& DE #%'&L%S%S
El e!%" # pr"p%" s" e'$l%("s $" 7%p"r (e %2,% # se &!r"(,$e % , re%$!"r !,),l%r % $"(&$&"es (e %l!%s !eper%!,r%s3 )%8%s pres&"es # !&ep"s (e res&(e$&% pe5,e-"s. El 7%p"r (e %2,% se ,!&l&'% p%r% +%7"re$er l% $"7ers&* % e!&le"3 #% 5,e (&s&,#e l% pres&* p%r$&%l (el &(r"$%r),r"3 # p%r% (&s&,&r l% +"r%$&* (e $"5,e. P%r% ")!eer es!%s %!er&%s l% &(,s!r&% pe!r"5,4&$% ,!&l&'% l"s pr"$e(&&e!"s (el _$r%$&2` /r,p!,r% (e "l6$,l%s pes%(%s e "l6$,l%s 0s l&2er%s13 l% (es$"p"s&$&* p"r %$$&* (el $%l"r # %,se$&% (e "&2e" se (e"&% p&r"l&s&s. L% p&r"l&s&s e %l$%"s se $""$e 2eer%le!e $"" s!re% $r%$&2 " $r%5,e" !6r&$" $" 7%p"r. L% re%$$&* (e $r%5,e" (e &(r"$%r),r"s es ,% re%$$&* e("!6r&$%. Es!% eer24% se s,&&s!r% pr&$&p%le!e % !r%76s (e "r"s $%le!%("s $" 5,e%("res.
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%
5.1 @&'N& DE #%'&L%S%S
El e!%" # pr"p%" s" e'$l%("s $" 7%p"r (e %2,% # se &!r"(,$e % , re%$!"r !,),l%r % $"(&$&"es (e %l!%s !eper%!,r%s3 )%8%s pres&"es # !&ep"s (e res&(e$&% pe5,e-"s. El 7%p"r (e %2,% se ,!&l&'% p%r% +%7"re$er l% $"7ers&* % e!&le"3 #% 5,e (&s&,#e l% pres&* p%r$&%l (el &(r"$%r),r"3 # p%r% (&s&,&r l% +"r%$&* (e $"5,e. P%r% ")!eer es!%s %!er&%s l% &(,s!r&% pe!r"5,4&$% ,!&l&'% l"s pr"$e(&&e!"s (el _$r%$&2` /r,p!,r% (e "l6$,l%s pes%(%s e "l6$,l%s 0s l&2er%s13 l% (es$"p"s&$&* p"r %$$&* (el $%l"r # %,se$&% (e "&2e" se (e"&% p&r"l&s&s. L% p&r"l&s&s e %l$%"s se $""$e 2eer%le!e $"" s!re% $r%$&2 " $r%5,e" !6r&$" $" 7%p"r. L% re%$$&* (e $r%5,e" (e &(r"$%r),r"s es ,% re%$$&* e("!6r&$%. Es!% eer24% se s,&&s!r% pr&$&p%le!e % !r%76s (e "r"s $%le!%("s $" 5,e%("res.
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% F!ur# 0.&.H"r" (e P&r"l&s&s BA9?<
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& -
Corr!e*+e< e #!@e*+#c!;* e or*o e =!ro!
0.&.& CORRIENTE DE ALIMENTACI(N DE ETANO Y PROPANO Se %l&e!% % es!% $"rr&e!e <= (e e!%" # ;<= (e pr"p%"3 $" l%s s&2,&e!es $"(&$&"es (e "per%$&*
/0
F!ur# 0.$ C"rr&e!e (e %l&e!%$&* (e e!%" # pr"p%"
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& T#7# 0.& C"p"s&$&* e +r%$$&* "l%r (e E!%" # Pr"p%" C"p,es!" C"p"s&$&* E!%" <.< Pr"p%" <.;< Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% /(%!"s e!r%4("s (el s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&1
0.&.$
CORRIENTE DE ALIMENTACI(N DE AGUA
L% "!r% $"rr&e!e (e %l&e!%$&* es l% _E!r%(% (e A2,%` 5,e !&ee l%s s&2,&e!es $"(&$&"es (e "per%$&* (e e!r%(% %l "r".
F!ur# 0./ C"rr&e!es (e %l&e!%$&* (e %2,%
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9SIM T#7# 0.$ C"p"s&$&* e +r%$$&* "l%r (e A2,% C"p,es!" C"p"s&$&* A2,% ?.<< Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% /(%!"s e!r%4("s (el s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&1
0
0.&./ CORRIENTE DE SALIDA HORNO DE PIROLISIS Desp,6s (e re%l&'%r !"(%s l%s espe$&+&$%$&"es e$es%r&%s e el "r"3 el pe!r"9s& s&,l% (%(" res,l!%("s (e l% $%!&(%( pr"(,$&(% (e e!&le" % p%r!&r (el $r%5,e" (el e!%".
F!ur# 0.' C"rr&e!e (e s%l&(% (el H"r" De P&r"l&s&s /E++l,e! BA9?<1
Fue*+e el%)"r%$&* pr"p&% T#7# 0./ C"p"s&$&* e +r%$$&* "l%r (e l% $"rr&e!e se s%l&(% (el "r" (e p&r"l&s&s C"p,es!" C"p"s&$&* H&(r"2e" <.: Me!%" <.?;: A$e!&le" <.<<; E!&le" <.;: E!%" <.?> Pr"p%(&e" <.<<< Pr"p&le" <.<;;@ Pr"p%" <.<? 9B,!%" <.<<< 9Mpr"p%" <.<< ?9B,!e" <.< <.< ?9Pe!%" <.<<<> M9?;9C <.<<<; ;Pe!%(&e" <.<<<> C&$l"pe!%" <.<<
E e+e$!" se ")!&ee e!&le" per" " $" l% p,re'% 5,e se pre!e(e3 # $" ; $"p,es!"s prese!es e l% $"rr&e!e (e s%l&(% (el "r". L% !eper%!,r% (e s%l&(% (el "r" es %l!% p"r l" 5,e se pr"$e(e % e+r&%rl" %l &s!%!e %s!% 9<
Se ,s% , e+r&%("r $" el ")8e!&7" (e (&s&,&r l% !eper%!,r% #% 5,e l"s $"p,es!"s 5,e s%le (el "r" se e$,e!r% % ,% !eper%!,r% ele7%(% (e ;:.:
F!ur# 0.0 L&$,e+%("r% P%r$&%l /C""ler1
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& F!ur# 0.1 C"rr&e!e (e e!r%(% (el $""ler
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& F!ur# 0.2 C"rr&e!e (e s%l&(% (el $""ler
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& F!ur# 0.3 Fl,8" (e $%l"r e el $""ler
02
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& L% C"rr&e!e (e s%l&(% (e es!e e5,&p" prese!% ,% pres&* )%8% p"r l" se %l&e!% l% &s% % , pr"$es" (e ; e!%p%s (e $"pres&* p%r% %,e!%r l% pres&* (e .> Ps&% %s!% ?<<< Ps&%. 5.3
ETA#AS DE C&$#'ENS%-N
F!ur# 0.4 E!%p%s (e C"pres&*
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& E $%(% ,% (e l%s e!%p%s (e $"pres&* el l45,&(" 5,e res,l!% (esp,6s (e , e+r&%&e!" # sep%r%$&* (e +%ses es re$&r$,l%(" % l% e!r%(% (e l% e!%p% (e $"pres&* 5,e le %!e$e(e. L%s $"(&$&"es (e !eper%!,r% # pres&* s" ?<F # << ps&% (esp,6s (e l% pr&er% e!%p% (e $"pres&*3 ?<F # ><< ps&% (esp,6s (e l% se2,(% e!%p% # ?<F # ?<<< ps&% (esp,6s (e l% !er$er% e!%p%.
No+#: L% !eper%!,r% " (e)e e$e(er l"s ;<<"F p"r e!%p% # (e)e e+r&%rse p%r% l% s&2,&e!e e!%p% % ?<"F.
F!ur# 0.&% C"rr&e!e (e Al&e!%$&* # S%l&(% (e l%s e!%p%s (e C"pres&*
03
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& 0./.& EXPANSOR Desp,6s (e Re%l&'%r l%s ; e!%p%s (e C"pres&* # ")!eer ,% pres&* (e ?<<< ps&% se pr"$e(e p%r% 5,e es!% $"rr&e!e se% %l&e!" % ,% Dese!%&'%("r% 5,e !&ee p"r ")8e!&7" ")!eer ,% $"rr&e!e (e e!%" $" %l!% p,re'%. Es p"r es!% r%'* 5,e se (e)e %(e$,%r l% $"rr&e!e 5,e s%le (el ep%s"r % l%s re5,er&(%s p%r% l% %l&e!%$&* (e l% (ese!%&'%("r% # (&s&,&r l% pres&*.
F!ur# 0.&& Ep%s"r /9?<;1
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&
T#7# 0.' C"p"s&$&* e +r%$$&* (e l% $"rr&e!e % l% e!r%(% %l ep%s"r _s%l 7%p ;` C"p,es!" H&(r"2e" Me!%" A$e!&le" E!&le"
C"p"s&$&* <.;?? <.? <.<<; <.;;: 04
E!%" Pr"p%(&e" Pr"p&le" Pr"p%" 9B,!%" ? ;9B,!%(&e" ?.B,!e"
<.?>@ <.<<< <.<?> <.
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. /D%!"s e!r%&("s (el S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&1 F!ur# 0.&$ Pr"p&e(%(es (e l% $"rr&e!e % l% e!r%(% (el ep%s"r
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& F!ur# 0.&/ Pr"p&e(%(es (e l% $"rr&e!e % l% s%l&(% (el ep%s"r
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& F!ur# 0.&' Fl,8" (e eer2&% pr"7e&e!e (el ep%s"r
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& 0./.$ ENFRIADOR E-&%/ Es!e e5,&p" !&ee $"" ")8e!&7" (&s&,&r l% !eper%!,r% (e 9?<.?>
05
F!ur# 0.&0 E+r&%("r >/$""ler1 E9?<;
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& F!ur# 0.&1 C"rr&e!e (e e!r%(% %l e+r&%("r >
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&
F!ur# 0.&2 C"rr&e!e (e S%l&(% (el e+r&%("r >
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& F!ur# 0.&3 Fl,8" (e $%l"r e el $""ler /e9?<;1 06
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& 5.4
DES$ETAN%AD&'AI DESETAN%AD&'AI DES#'&#AN%AD&'A
E el pr"$es" % s&,l%r % $"!&,%$&* se ,!&l&'% , !re (e !res $"l,%s sep%r%("r%s 5,e ,!&l&'% $"" %!er&% pr&% ("s $"rr&e!es $" , $&er!" $"!e&(" (e &(r"$%r),r"s s%!,r%("s. E l% pr&er% se ")!&ee , 2%s (e %l!" $"!e&(" e e!%"K e l% se2,(% se ")!&ee ("s pr"(,$!"s e +"r% (e 7%p"r # l45,&(" er&5,e$&("s e e!%" # e l% !er$er% se ")!&ee ("s pr"(,$!"s l45,&("s $"$e!r%("s3 el ," e pr"p%" # el "!r" e l"s &(r"$%r),r"s 0s pes%("s. L% pr&er% $"l,% es ,% $"l,% (e (es!&l%$&* $" reer7&("r3 l% se2,(% es ,% $"l,% (e (es!&l%$&* $" $"(es%("r p%r$&%l # l% !er$er% es ,% $"l,% $" $"(es%("r !"!%l. F,e!e M%,%l (el %(&&s!r%("r (e H#s#s. D"$,e!" Re%(e$,%(" p"r I2e&er" J. E+r%4 T"rr&$" V. S%!% Cr,' sep!&e)re (e
0.'.&
DESMETANIADORA
L% pr&er% $"l,% (e (es!&l%$&* " (ese!%&'%("r% se e$,e!r% $"" ,% $"l,% (e (es!&l%$&* $" reer7&("r13es!% $"l,% $"s!% (e %l&e!%$&"es l% ?r% pr"7e&e!e (el e+r&%("r > # l% (% es ,% $"rr&e!e $re%(% % l%s $"(&$&"es (e "per%$&* re5,er&(%s # +&%le!e ,% $%r2% $%l*r&$% !%)&6 (e %l&e!%$&*.
F!ur# 0.&4 C"l,% Dese!%&'%("r%
0
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&
F!ur# 0.$% Espe$&+&$%$&"es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% Dese!%&'%("r%
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& F!ur# 0.$& Pr"p&e(%(es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% (ese!%&'%("r%
0/
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& T#7# 0.0 C"p"s&$&"es e +r%$$&* "l%r (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e s%l&(% (e l% $"l,% (ese!%&'%("r%
S%l&(% P%r!e S,per&"r C"p,es!" C"p"s&$&*
S%l&(% Res&(,"s C"p,es!"
C"p"s&$&*
H&(r"2e"
<.>?:
Me!%"
<.<<<
Me!%"
<.@
A$e!&le"
<.<<>
A$e!&le"
<.<
E!&le"
<.<<<
E!&le"
<.?>
E!%"
<.;:;;
E!%"
<.<;
Pr"p%(&e"
<.<<<@
Pr"p&le"
<.<<<:
Pr"p&le"
<.<;:
Pr"p%"
<.<<<>
Pr"p%"
<.?>:;
9B,!%"
<.<<<
?;9B,!%(&e"
<.<
?9B,!e"
<.<<<;
&9B,!e"
<.<<
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. /D%!"s e!r%4("s (el S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&1
F!ur# 0.$$ Teper%!,r% 7s N,er" (e Pl%!"
00
Fue*+e. El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% (el rep"r!e (e s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& Es!% 2r0+&$% represe!% el $%)&" (e !eper%!,r% e $%(% e!%p% p%r% ,es!r" $%s" l%s e!%p%s $,e!% (e %rr&)% %)%8" % e(&(% 5,e (es$&e(e (e e!%p% l% !eper%!,r% %,e!% 2r%$&%s %l $"!%$!" $" el 7%p"r 5,e 7&ee (el er7&("r.
F!ur# 0.$/ Pres&* 7s N,er" (e Pl%!"
t (e e!%p%s
Fue*+e. El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% (el rep"r!e (e s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& S& )&e se (&$e 5,e e l% $"l,% " 7%r4% l% pres&* p,es %# pe5,e-%s 7%r&%$&"es (e pres&* 5,e p"r +&es (e es!,(&" # $0l$,l" " se l" !"% e $,e!% p%r% +%$&l&!%r el $0l$,l" e l% 2r0+&$% 7e"s 5,e % e(&(% 5,e %,e!% l% e!%p% !%)&6 l% pres&* %,e!% per" e pe5,e-% pr"p"r$&*. 1
F!ur# 0.$' Fl,8"s 7s E!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&"
Fue*+e. El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% (el rep"r!e (e s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& Es!% 2r%+&$% represe!% el $%)&" (e +l,8" "l%r (e +%se l&5,&(% # 2%s % e(&(% 5,e p%s% p"r $%(% e!%p%3 e l% +%se l&5,&(% /l4e% (e $"l"r r"8%1 p,e(e ")ser7%rse 5,e el +l,8" "l%r %,e!% %s!% l% ;r% e!%p% # p"s!er&"re!e 7,el7e (es$e(er .M&e!r%s 5,e el +l,8" "l%r (e l% +%se 7%p"r /l4e% (e $"l"r %',l1 (es$&e(e %s!% el (" pl%!" 0s " e"s3 p"s!er&"re!e %,e!% %s!% l% !% e!%p% # +&%le!e (es$&e(e %s!% l% l!&% e!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&".
0.'.$ BOMBA Se Is!%l% ,% )")% p%r% &p,ls%r l"s +"("s (e l% $"l,% (ese!%&'%("r% $"" %l&e!" % l% $"l,% (ese!%&'%("r%.L% )")% !&ee $"" ")8e!&7" %,e!%r l% Pres&* (e l% $"rr&e!e (e res&(,"s pr"7e&e!e (e l% (ese!%&'%("r% (e ;?< p%. H%s!% ,% pres&* (e :p%.
F!ur# 0.$0 B")% /P9?<<1
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&
11
F!ur# 0.$1 Pr"p&e(%(es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% )")% p9?<<
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&
F!ur# 0.$2 Fl,8" (e eer24% (e l% )")%
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& 0.'./ DESETANIADORA Es!% $"l,% $"!&ee ? e!%p%s (e e5,&l&)r&" # s, ")8e!&7" es pr"(,$&r , pr"(,$!" (e +"(" 5,e $"!e2% e!%" e ,% rel%$&* (e <.
12
F!ur# 0.$3 C"l,% Dese!%&'%("r%
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& F!ur#: 0.$4 Espe$&+&$%$&"es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% (ese!%&'%("r%
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&
F!ur# 0./% Pr"p&e(%(es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% (ese!%&'%("r% 13
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& T#7# 0.1 C"p"s&$&"es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e s%l&(% (e l% $"l,% (ese!%&'%("r%
S%l&(% p"r l% p%r!e s,per&"r/C"(es%("r1 V%p"r er&5,e$&(" e E!%" L&5,&(" er&5,e$&(" e e!%" C"p,es!" C"p"s&$&* C"p,es!" C"p"s&$&* Me!%" <.<<<> Me!%" <.<< A$e!&le" <.<<@; E!&le" <.: E!&le" <.?@< E!%" <.> E!%" <.>@<; Pr"p&le" <.<<: Pr"p&le" <.<< Pr"p%" <.<<: Pr"p%" <.<<:< Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. /D%!"s e!r%&("s (el S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&1
F!ur# 0./& Teper%!,r% 7s N,er" (e Pl%!"
14
Fue*+e. El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% (el rep"r!e (e s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& E es!% 2r%+&$% !%)&e se p,e(e ")ser7%r 5,e l% !eper%!,r% %,e!% %l p%s%r (e ,% e!%p% % "!r%. Al %$er$%rse 0s %l er7&("r l%s !eper%!,r% %,e!% $"" es (e esper%rse.
F!ur# 0./$ Pres&* 7s N,er" (e Pl%!"
Fue*+e. El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% (el rep"r!e (e s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& C"" e l% %!er&"r 2r%+&$% (e l% $"l,% (ese!%&'%("r% e l% $"l,% (ese!%&'%("r% se p,e(e ")ser7%r 5,e l% pres&* !%)&6 %,e!% % e(&% 5,e se s,)e (e e!%p% per" " $"s&(er%)le!e # l%s e!%p%s se $,e!% (e %rr&)% %$&% %)%8".
F!ur# 0.// Fl,8"s 7s E!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&" 15
Fue*+e. El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% (el rep"r!e (e s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& Es!% 2r%+&$% represe!% el $%)&" (e +l,8" "l%r (e +%se l&5,&(% # 2%s % e(&(% 5,e p%s% p"r $%(% e!%p%3 e l% +%se l&5,&(% /l4e% (e $"l"r r"8%1 p,e(e ")ser7%rse 5,e el +l,8" "l%r (es$&e(e %s!% l% @!% e!%p% # p"s!er&"re!e 7,el7e % %,e!%r %s!% l% 7% e!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&" .M&e!r%s 5,e el +l,8" "l%r (e l% +%se /l4e% (e $"l"r %',l1 7%p"r %,e!% %s!% el (% e!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&"3 +&%le!e (es$&e(e %s!% l% l!&% e!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&".
0.'.' VALVULA DE EXPANSI(N VLV-&%% Es!e e5,&p" !&ee $"" ")8e!&7" (&s&,&r l% pres&* (e l% e'$l% %!es (e e!r%r % l% !"rre Despr"p%&'%("r% p%r% $,pl&r $" l%s $"(&$&"es (e "per%$&* (e l% &s%.
F!ur# 0./' V0l7,l% J9T
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& 0.'.' DATOS DE ENTRADA Y SALIDA U% (&s&,$&* l% pres&* (es(e : P% %s!% ?@: P%
F!ur# 0./0 Pr"p&e(%(es (e l%s $"rr&e!es e!r%(% # s%l&(% (e l% 70l7,l% 16
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& 0.'.0 DESPROPANIADORA Es!% $"l,% $"!&ee e!%p%s (e e5,&l&)r&". Se ),s$% ("s ")8e!&7"s $" es!% $"l,%. El pr&er" es pr"(,$&r , pr"(,$!" (e $%)e'% 5,e " $"!e2% 0s (el ?.> = "l%r (e 9C3 # el se2,(" es 5,e l% $"$e!r%$&* (e pr"p%" e el pr"(,$!" (e +"(" (e)e ser e"r 5,e = "l%r. I!r"(,'$% l% s&2,&e!e &+"r%$&*.
Fue*+e: M%,%l (el %(&&s!r%("r (e H#s#s D"$,e!" Re%(e$,%(" p"r I2e&er" J. E+r%4 T"rr&$" V. S%!% Cr,' sep!&e)re (e
F!ur# 0./1 Despr"p%&'%("r%
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&
1
F!ur# 0./2 Espe$&+&$%$&"es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% Despr"p%&'%("r%
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& F!ur# 0./3 Pr"p&e(%(es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% (espr"p%&'%("r%
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&
1/
T#7# 0.2 C"p"s&$&"es (e s%l&(% (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e $%)e'% /s,per&"r1 (espr"p%&'%("r% C"p,es!" C"p"s&$&* E!&le" <.<<< E!%" <.<<: Pr"p%(&e" <.<<; Pr"p&le" <.? Pr"p%" <.:? 9B,!%" <.<<<: C&$l"),!%" <.<<
Fue*+e. El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% (el rep"r!e (e s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&. E l% $"l,% (espr"p%&'%("r% l% 2r0+&$% 5,e se ,es!r% "s &(&$% el $"p"r!%&e!" (e l% !eper%!,r% e $%(% e!%p% # se p,e(e ")ser7%r 5,e l% !eper%!,r% !eper%!,r% %,e!% %l p%s%r (e ,% e!%p% % "!r%3 $"!%(" l%s e!%p%s (e %rr&)% %)%8".
F!ur# 0.'% Pres&* 7s N,er" (e Pl%!"
10
Fue*+e. El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% (el rep"r!e (e s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& E $,%!" % l% pres&* (e l% C"l,% C"l,% (espr"p%&'%("r% (espr"p%&'%("r% &2,%l %,e!% %,e!% % e(&(% 5,e (es$&e(e (e l% e!%p% s,per&"r %s!% lle2%r % l% l!&% e!%p% per" el $%)&" 5,e se (% es pe5,e-".
F!ur# 0.'& Fl,8"s 7s E!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&"
Fue*+e. El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% (el rep"r!e (e s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& Es!% 2r%+&$% represe!% el $%)&" (e +l,8" "l%r (e +%se l&5,&(% # 2%s % e(&(% 5,e p%s% p"r $%(% e!%p%3 e l% +%se l&5,&(% /l4e% (e $"l"r r"8%1 p,e(e ")ser7%rse ")ser7%rse 5,e el +l,8" "l%r %,e!% %s!% l% @!% e!%p% # p"s!er&"re!e (es$&e(e %s!% l% l!&% e!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&" .M&e!r%s 5,e el +l,8" "l%r (e l% +%se 7%p"r /l4e% (e $"l"r %',l1 %,e!% %s!% el (% e!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&"3 +&%le!e (es$&e(e %s!% l% l!&% e!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&". 5.5 ,'AC ,'ACC%& C%&NAD NAD&' &'A A ETAN& ETAN&JET JET%LE %LEN& N& U sep%r%("r e!&le"9e!% e!&le"9e!%"" es ,% $"l,% +0$&l (e s&,l%r. s&,l%r. S& e)%r2"3 , +%$!"r $r4!&$" $r4!&$" %l pr"(,$&rl"s es l% pre(&$$&* (e l%s 7"l%!&l&(%(es rel%!&7%s (e l"s ("s $"p"e!es $l%7es. Se (%r0 11
,% $"s&(er%$&* espe$&%l % es!"s $"p"e!es3 %l (es%rr"ll%r l"s $"e+&$&e!es (e &!er%$$&* )&%r&"s p%r% l% e$,%$&* (e Pe2 R")&s"
p%r% %se2,r%r 5,e es!e 6!"(" "(el%
$"rre$!%e!e es!e s&s!e%. Es!"s sep%r%("res !&ee 7%r&%s e!%p%s # se $"s!r,#e3 % e,("3 $"" ("s $"l,%s sep%r%(%s. Es!% s&,l%$&* $"s!% (e ("s $"l,%s3 ,% (e %2"!%&e!" # "!r% (e re$!&+&$%$&*. L% $"l,% (e %2"!%&e!" $"!&ee @ e!%p%s !e*r&$%s # se $%r2% $" ("s $"rr&e!es3 ,% es l% $"rr&e!e _S%l ?` 5,e $"!&ee $"!&ee .>= .>= "l%r "l%r (e e!%" # .= "l%r "l%r (e e!&le"3 e!&le"3 e +%se +%se 7%p"r3 7%p"r3 # l% "!r% "!r% $"rr&e!e es l% 5,e eer2e $"" +"("s (e l% $"l,% Dese!%&'%("r% _s%l ` 5,e !&ee l% s&2,&e!e $"p"s&$&* ?.@<= "l%r (e e!&le" # >@.<;= "l%r (e e!%" # "!r"s $"p,es!"s e pe5,e-%s $%!&(%(es p"r$e!,%les. p"r $e!,%les. L% $"l,% re$!&+&$%("r% re$!&+&$%("r % 5,e $"!&ee >> e!%p%s !e*r&$%s. El e!%" es re$,per%(" re$,per%(" (e l"s +"("s +"("s (e l% $"l,% $"l,% (e %2"!%&e! %2"!%&e!"" /:.@ =1 # el E!&le E!&le"" es el pr"(,$!" (e $%)e'% (e l% $"l,% re$!&+&$%("r% re$!&+&$%("r % /::.;< =1. F,e!e M%,%l (el %(&&s!r%("r (e H#s#s D"$,e!" Re%(e$,%(" p"r I2e&er" J. E+r%4 T"rr&$" T"rr&$" V. V. S%!% Cr,' sep!&e)re (e
F!ur# 0.'$ C"l,% Fr%$$&"%("r% E!%"E!&le"
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& F!ur# 0.'/ Espe$&+&$%$&"es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% Fr%$$&"%("r% E!%"E!&le"
111
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& F!ur#: 0.'' Pr"p&e(%(es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% +r%$$&"%("r% e!%"e!&le"
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& T#7# 0.3 C"p"s&$&"es (e s%l&(% (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% +r%$$&"%("r% e!%"e!&le" Z"% (e Re$!&+&$%$&* C"p,es!" C"p"s&$&* Me!%" <.<<<:
Z"% (e A2"!%&e!" C"p,es!" C"p"s&$&* A$e!&le" <.<<@: 112
A$e!&le" E!&le"
<.<<@? <.::;<
E!&le" E!%" Pr"p&le" Pr"p%" Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. /(%!"s e!r%&("s (el S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&1
<.<<>; <.:@ <.<<>: <.<<>
F!ur# 0.'0 Teper%!,r% 7s N,er" (e Pl%!"
Fue*+e. El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% (el rep"r!e (e s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& E l% 2r0+&$% "s!r%(% (e l% $"l,% +r%$$&"%("r% (e e!&le" # e!%" l% !eper%!,r% %,e!% %l p%s%r (e l% ?r% e!%p% (e l% '"% (e re$!&+&$%$&* %s!% lle2%r % l% l!&% e!%p% (e l% '"% (e %2"!%&e!".
F!ur# 0.'1 Pres&* 7s N,er" (e Pl%!"
113
Fue*+e. El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% (el rep"r!e (e s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& E $,%!" % l% pres&* e l% $"l,% (e +r%$$&"%&e!" (e e!%" # e!&le" !%)&6 %,e!% $"" se p,e(e ")ser7%r e l% 2r0+&$% (es(e l% ?r% e!%p% (e l% '"% (e re$!&+&$%$&* %s!% l% l!&% e!%p% (e l% '"% (e %2"!%&e!". El $%)&" 5,e s,+re es pe5,e-".
F!ur# 0.'2 Fl,8"s 7s E!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&"
Fue*+e. El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% (el rep"r!e (e s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& Es!% 2r%+&$% represe!% el $%)&" (e +l,8" "l%r (e +%se l&5,&(% # 2%s % e(&(% 5,e p%s% p"r $%(% e!%p%3 e l% +%se l&5,&(% /l4e% (e $"l"r r"8%1 p,e(e ")ser7%rse 5,e el +l,8" "l%r (es$&e(e %s!% l% l!&% e!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&" .M&e!r%s 5,e el +l,8" "l%r (e l% +%se 7%p"r /L4e% (e $"l"r %',l1 %,e!% %s!% (e!er&%(% e!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&"3 +&%le!e (es$&e(e %s!% l% l!&% e!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&". 5.6 ,'ACC%&NAD&'A #'&#AN&J#'&#%LEN& 114
Se &s!%l% ,% $"l,% (e +r%$$&"%&e!" (e Pr"p%"Pr"p&le" p%r% sep%r%r el pr"p%" (el pr"p&le" pr"7e&e!e (e l% $"l,% (e (espr"p%&'%("r% L% $"l,% (e %2"!%&e!" $"!&ee : e!%p%s !e*r&$%s _S%l&(% pr"p%"pr"p&le"` 5,e $"!&ee :.? = "l%r (e pr"p%" # ?. = "l%r (e pr"p&le"3 L% $"l,% re$!&+&$%("r% $"!&ee : e!%p%s !e*r&$%s. El pr"p%" es re$,per%(" (e l"s +"("s (e l% $"l,% (e %2"!%&e!" /:@.:@ =1 # el pr"p&le" es el pr"(,$!" (e $%)e'% (e l% $"l,% re$!&+&$%("r% /:>.?@=1.
F!ur# 0.'3 C"l,% Fr%$$&"%("r% Pr"p%"Pr"p&le"
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& F!ur# 0.'4 Espe$&+&$%$&"es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% +r%$$&"%("r% pr"p%"pr"p&le"
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&
115
F!ur# 0.0% Pr"p&e(%(es (e l%s $"rr&e!es (e l% $"l,% pr"p%"pr"p&le"
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%. S&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& T#7# 0.4 C"p"s&$&"es (e s%l&(% (e l%s $"rr&e!es e l% $"l,% +r%$$&"%("r% pr"p%"pr"p&le" Z"% (e Re$!&+&$%$&* Z"% (e A2"!%&e!" C"p,es!" C"p"s&$&* C"p,es!" C"p"s&$&* A$e!&le" <.<<?@ 9B,!%" <.<
F!ur# 0.0& Teper%!,r% 7s N,er" (e Pl%!"
Fue*+e. El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% (el rep"r!e (e s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&
116
L% !eper%!,r% e l% $"l,% Fr%$$&"%("r% (e Pr"p%" # Pr"p&le" %,e!% $"" se p,e(e ")ser7%r e l% +&2,r% % e(&(% 5,e p%s% (e l% ?r% e!%p% (e l% '"% (e re$!&+&$%$&* %s!% lle2%r % l% l!&% (e l% '"% (e %2"!%&e!".
F!ur# 0.0$ Pres&* 7s N,er" (e Pl%!"
Fue*+e. El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% (el rep"r!e (e s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& L% pres&* e l% $"l,% (e +r%$$&"%&e!" (e pr"p%" pr"p&le" %l &2,%l 5,e l% !eper%!,r% %,e!% $"" se p,e(e ")ser7%r e l% 2r0+&$% %l p%s%r (e l% ?r% e!%p% (e l% '"% (e re$!&+&$%$&* %s!% lle2%r % l% l!&% e!%p% (e l% '"% (e %2"!%&e!".
F!ur# 0.0/ Fl,8" 7s N,er" (e Pl%!"
Fue*+e. El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% (el rep"r!e (e s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S&
11
Es!% 2r%+&$% represe!% el $%)&" (e +l,8" "l%r (e +%se l&5,&(% # 2%s % e(&(% 5,e p%s% p"r $%(% e!%p%3 e l% +%se l&5,&(% /l4e% (e $"l"r r"8%1 p,e(e ")ser7%rse 5,e el +l,8" "l%r %,e!% %s!% l% ?> e!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&" %pr"&%(%e!e # p"s!er&"re!e (es$&e(e %s!% l% l!&% e!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&" .M&e!r%s 5,e el +l,8" "l%r (e l% +%se 7%p"r /l4e% (e $"l"r %',l1 %,e!% %s!% l% l!&% e!%p% (e e5,&l&)r&".
F!ur# 0.0' Fl,8" "l%r (e e!r%(% # s%l&(%3 +l,8" (e eer24% (e !"(%s l%s $"rr&e!es (el Pr"$es"
11/
5. analisis de resultados 110
Se re%l&'%r" pr,e)%s e l% %l&e!%$&* %l "r"3 es!" se re%l&'* $" el +& (e ")ser7%r l"s res,l!%("s e l% +r%$$&"%("r% (e e!%"e!&le" # l% +r%$$&"%("r% (e Pr"p%"pr"p&le".
T#7# 0.&% C"p%r%$&* (e res,l!%("s
E*+r## S#!# S#!# Co@=o
@<
<
;.@
.?
:.@<
:>.<:
<
;<
;.:
.?
::.:
:>.?@
;
?
:
;.:>
;.
::.;<
:>.?@
;.:
;.?
::.;<
:>.?
>
@
;;.<>
.::
:;.?
:;.?
;;.@; ;3<
?.; <.
::.; :.
>@. ?;.<>
@ :< ?< ?<< < Fue*+e El%)"r%$&* pr"p&%
T#7# 0.&& C"p%r%$&* (e res,l!%("s
E*+r## Co@=o
S#!# S#!# Co@=o
?
;<@.;
?;?.
.>>
@.>
?@.>>@
?.:
>.
??.?@
;@.>;
;<.@
?;:.
?.@?
;
.:
.@@
;.
.?
?@.:
.>>
;?.@@
?;.>
;.:>
;.>
?.
?;.
>
;:.;
??>.@
>.@
.?
?.<
?;.;
@
.: :.
.@@ <.<<<
>:.?: @:.@
?<.@; .
?.>< ?.><
?;.; ?;.;
E+!e*o
Pro=!e*o
12
E+!e*o
Pro=!e*o
Fue*+e: El%)"r%$&* pr"p&% Re%l&'%(%s l%s pr,e)%s e el s&,l%("r Pe!r"9S& se ")!,7&er" l"s (%!"s p%r% (&+ere!es $"rr&(%s (e %l&e!%$&* ("(e p"(e"s ")ser7%r l"s +l,8"s (e e!r%(% # s%l&(% %l "r" # l"s +l,8"s e l%s $"rr&e!es (e s%l&(% e l%s +r%$$&"%("r%s. B%s0(""s e l% !es&s /Pe-% A(# N"el /<<1. $odelin of of a tu%ular tu%ular reactor reactor for et&ane et&ane and propane propane p'rol'sis p'rol'sis1
P"(e"s "p!%r p"r l% pr&er% $"rr&(% (e /<= (e e!%" # ;<= (e pr"p%"1 #% 5,e se p,e(e ")ser7%r 5,e es l% e8"r %l!er%!&7% (e pr"(,$$&* (e e!&le" pr"p&le"3 (e)&(" %l p"r$e!%8e (e p,re'% ")!e&(" e %)%s $"rr&e!es. L%s $"rr&e!es pr"p,es!%s e l% !%)l%3 s" l%s %(&!&(%s p"r el pr"2r%% (el s&,l%("r. Re%l&'%(%s l%s (&+ere!es pr,e)%s3 se ")ser7* 5,e % e"r $"p"s&$&* $"p"s&$&* (e e!%" /@<=1 $"" %l&e!%$&* %l "r" se pr"(,$e l%s re%$$&"es3 s&2,&e(" el pr"$es" 7e"s 5,e e l% +r%$$&"%("r% (e e!%"e!&le" " e&s!e pr"(,$$&* (e e!&le"K (e)&(" % 5,e e el +l,8" (e l% (ese!%&'%("r%3 l% pr"(,$$&* (e e!&le" $"" %l&e!%$&* p%r% l% +r%$$&"%("r% e!%"e!&le" es ,# )%8% /@3;>E9<<> 213 p"r l" !%!" " %# pr"(,$$&* (e e!&le". Al $%)&%r l% !eper%!,r% &&$&%l (e ?>OC %s!% ;?< OC e el "r"3 p%r% $"p"s&$&"es e"res % @<= (e e!%"3 7e"s 5,e " se ")!&ee e!&le" e l% +r%$$&"%("r% e!%"e!&le". Y % !eper%!,r%s %#"res % ;< OC el pr"2r%% " re%l&'% el pr"$es" (e s&,l%$&*3 es!" 5,&ere (e$&r 5,e &2 e5,&p" (el pr"$es" $"7er2e. T%)&6 %l $%)&%r l%s pres&"es %#"res # e"res % >:< P%3 se ")ser7% 5,e " %# 2r%(es $%)&"s e el +l,8" (e $%)e'% (e l% (ese!%&'%("r%3 5,e ser0 l% %l&e!%$&* p%r% l% l% +r%$$&"%("r% e!%"e!&le".
A*6! /%W =ro=#*o Se ")ser7% 5,e %l (&s&,&r l% pres&* # !eper%!,r%3 l% $"p"s&$&* (e p,re'% (e e!&le" e l% +r%$$&"%("r% e!%"e!&le" !%)&6 (&s&,#e.
121
T%)&6 se p,e(e ")ser7%r 5,e %l %,e!%r l% pres&* # !eper%!,r%3 l% $"p"s&$&* (e p,re'% (el e!&le" e l% +r%$$&"%("r% e!%"e!&le" %,e!%3 %s!% el 7%l"r ")!e&(" % es!%s &s%s $"p"s&$&"es /::.:= (e e!&le"1
122
1
CONCLUSIONES
Se l"2r* el ")8e!&7" pr&$&p%l (e es!e pr"#e$!"3 re%l&'%r l% s&,l%$&* (e ,% pl%!% (e e!&le"3 % p%r!&r (e $r%5,e" !6r&$" (e e!%" # pr"p%". pr" p%". Se re%l&'* ,% e!es% re7&s&* )&)l&"2r0+&$%3 %(5,&r&6("se &+"r%$&* e$es%r&% p%r% p"(er re%l&'%r l% s&,l%$&* (e $%(% e5,&p" ,s%(" e el pr"$es"3 !e&e(" e $,e!%3 el "(el" %!e0!&$" %(e$,%(" %l $%s" (e es!,(&"3 l"s r%2"s (e "per%$&* (e l"s e5,&p"s &7"l,$r%("s3 # ")ser7%(" l"s res,l!%("s (e s%l&(% re5,er&("s. L"s $"" $""$& $&&e &e!"s !"s (el pr"2r% pr"2r%%% #s#s #s#s %#, %#,(" (" $"s&(e $"s&(er%)l r%)lee ee!e !e e l% $"pre $"pres&* s&* (el pr"2r%% Pe!r"9S&3 l% $,%l "s %#,(% % &(e!&+&$%r (e pr")le%s # l&&!%$&"es e l"s e5,&p"s. Se %&p,l" (e %er% %(e$,%(% l%s pr"p&e(%(es !er"(&0&$%s e l"s e5,&p"s e7&!%(" l% 2eer%$&* 2eer%$&* (e res,l!%("s res,l!%("s &$"ere!es &$"ere!es &rre%les &rre%les e &l*2&$"s3 &l*2&$"s3 $"" ser l% !eper%!,r%3 !eper%!,r%3 pres&*3 # l% &#e$$&* (el +l,8" (e $%l"r3 es!%s !res pr"p&e(%(es s" l%s 5,e 0s &+l,#e # p,e(e ser %&p,l%(%s % l" l%r2" (el pr"$es". Us%(" el "r" # !e&e(" ,% %l&e!%$&* (e > !"(4%3 p,(&"s ")!eer ?3@> !"(4%3 es!" se (% p"r5,e ,es!r% %l&e!%$&* " es e!%" p,r"3 s&" ,% e'$l% e l% $,%l es!0 &ers% el pr"p%"3 se ")!&ee e!&le" $" ,% p,re'% (e ::3:=3 $,%(" ,s%"s l% !"rre +r%$$&"%("r% E!%"E!&le". Se re$,per% pr"p&le" p"r5,e es (e &p"r!%$&% p%r% el ,s" (e p"l&pr"p&le"3 se l" re%l&'% ,s%(" ,% !"rre +r%$$&"%("r% Pr"p%"Pr"p&le" 5,e "s (% ,% p,re'% (e :>3?@=. T%)&6 se re%l&'%r" "!r%s pr,e)%s e l% 5,e se (&s&,#* l% pres&* # !eper%!,r% p%r% $"p"s&$&"es e"res % @<= # l% p,re'% (el e!&le" ")!e&(" e l% +r%$$&"%("r% e!%"e!&le"3 (&s&,#e. L,e2" se re%l&'" "!r% pr,e)% e l% 5,e se %,e!" l% pres&* # !eper%!,r% !eper%!,r% p%r% $"p"s&$&"es &2,%les % <= (e e!%" # ;<= (e pr"p%" e l% $,%l se ")!,7" ,% p,re'% (e e!&le" &2,%l % l% p,re'% ")!e&(% e el ")8e!&7" /(e ::3:= (e e!&le"1. 123
2
RECOMENDACIONES
D,r%!e el D&se-" (e l% pl%!% p%r% l% ")!e$&* (e e!&le" se (e)e !eer $,&(%(" $" l"s (%!"s &!r"(,$&("s $"" ser pres&"es3 Fl,8"s # !eper%!,r%s. P"r l" 5,e se pr"$e(&* % ),s$%r (%!"s e (&s!&!%s )&)l&"2r%+4%s p%r% %s4 l"2r%r ,es!r" ")8e!&7" pr&$&p%l ")!eer E!&le" $" ,% p,re'% %pr"&%(% (e ::=. D,r%!e l% S&,l%$&* $" el Pr"2r%% Pe!r"9SIM .< l% p%r!e 0s (&+4$&l (e $"!r"l%r es el (e l%s $"l,%s (ese!%&'%("r%3 Dese!%&'%("r%3 Despr"p%&'%("r%3 C"l,% Fr%$$&"%("r% (e E!%"E!&le"3 C"l,% Fr%$$&"%("r% Pr"p%"Pr"p&le". E !%les $"l,%s se (e)e %%l&'%r 5,e $"p,es!"s s" 0s 7"l0!&les /e"r p,!" (e e),ll&$&*1 # $,%les e"s 7"l0!&les /M%#"r P,!" (e e),ll&$&*1 P%r% %s4 l"2r%r l% sep%r%$&* (e %l2,"s $"p,es!"s &p"r!%!es $"" e!%"3 e!%"3 e!&le"3 Pr"p&le" # Pr"p%". P%r% ,% C"rre$!% S&,l%$&* Fr%$$&"%("r% pr"p&le"pr"p%"3 E!&le"E!%" es ,% $"l,% +0$&l (e s&,l%r. S& e)%r2"3 , +%$!"r $r4!&$" %l pr"(,$&rl"s es l% pre(&$$&* (e l%s 7"l%!&l&(%(es rel%!&7%s (e l"s ("s $"p"e!es $l%7es. Se (%r0 ,% $"s&(er%$&* espe$&%l % es!"s $"p"e!es3 %l (es%rr"ll%r l"s $"e+&$&e!es (e &!er%$$&* )&%r&"s p%r% l% e$,%$&* (e S"%7e Re(l&$ "2 /SR1 p%r% %se2,r%r 5,e es!e 6!"(" "(el% $"rre$!%e!e es!e s&s!e%. Es!"s sep%r%("res !&ee 7%r&%s e!%p%s # se $"s!r,#e3 % e,("3 $"" ("s $"l,%s sep%r%(%s. C"!&,%r $" el (es%rr"ll" (el prese!e !r%)%8" &$"rp"r%(" %#"res ,&(%(es &7"l,$r%(%s e , s&s!e% (e +r%$$&"%&e!" (e ,% pl%!%3 p"r e8epl"3 $&r$,&!"s (e re+r&2er%$&*3 % +& (e (&sp"er (e ,% err%&e!% $" %#"res $%p%$&(%(es (e %pl&$%$&*. Apl&$%r el "(el" (e s&,l%$&* ")!e&(" e ,% pl%!% (e pr"(,$$&* (e E!&le" % +& (e pr"7eer ,% err%&e!% !&l3 % l"s &2e&er"s (e pr"$es"s3 p%r% l% re%l&'%$&* (e s,s e7%l,%$&"es s")re el s&s!e% (e ")8e!" (e es!,(&".
124
3
BIBLIOGRAFIA
Z%pee3R.W . !% e(&!&" ./?::1. (alve )election *and%ook. U&!e( S!%!es "+ Aer&$%.3 B,rl&2!"3 MA >
.else7&er.$"l"$%!e$e8 G"'0le'3 P. /<<:1.. /esarrollo de un prora"a para estudiar el co"porta"iento de una colu"na de fracciona"iento etano4etileno de una planta de lefinas. Tra%a5o de 6rado# $aister en +neniería Quí"ica. U&7ers&(%( (el Z,l&% Vee',el% Or2%&'%$&* P%%er&$%%.
H"l%3 J.P. /?:::1 Tr%s+ere$&% de calor 7% e(&$&* /pr&er% e esp%-"l13 Ar%7%$% /M%(r&(13 Esp%-% C"$ep$&* Fer0(e' M%(r&(. er3 D"%l( Q. Pr"$ess He%! Tr%s+er M$Gr%H&ll I!er%!&"%l E(&!&"s Ce&$%l E2&eer&23 Ser&es3 S&2%p"re /?:@>1 p. ?;: S%$e'3 M. /<<13 (alidación de un "7todo de dise8o de colu"nas t7r"ica"ente 3 U&7ers&(%( (e l%s %er&$%s p,e)l% C"l,$% Me&$" Pe-%3 A(# N"el /<<13 $odelado de un reactor tu%ular para pirolisis de etano ' propano 3 Tr%)%8" (e Gr%(" U&7ers&(%( (e Z,l&%. F%$,l!%( (e I2e&er4%. D&7&s&* (e P"s2r%(". M%r%$%&)" Vee',el%. T,!"r Dr. J"r2e S%$e'. Tre#)%l3 R3 /?::;13 peraciones de transferencia de "asa# e(.3/pr&er% !r%(,$$&*1 Me&$" M$GRAW9HILL M%r!&e' (e l% C,es!%3 P. J3 M%r!&e'3 E. /<<13 peraciones de separación en ineniería quí"ica3 M%(r&( Esp%-%. PEARSON EDUCACION3 S.A.
125
Hele#3 E. Se%(er3 J. /?::<13 peraciones de separación por etapas de equili%rio en ineniería quí"ica 3 B%r$el"%3 Esp%-% Reser!e3 S.A.
/1. A0l&s&s (e l% I(,s!r&% (e E!&le" FF. Re$,per%(" : (e Eer" (e 3 (e !!pses.s$r&)(.$"("$??:@A9&l&s&s9(e9l%9I(,s!r&%9(e9E!&le"9FF S"l&'.E. /1. Pl%!% (e E!&le" # P"l&e!&le" (e Y%$,&)%. Re$,per%(" el ;< (e Eer" (el 3 !!pses.s$r&)(.$"("$?@?;;?<@Pl%!%9(e9E!&le"9#9P"l&e!&le"9FINAL %&r&3.I.R%8%2"p%l%3S/<<;1.I!e2r%!e(
(es&2
%(
s&,l%!&"
"+
$e&$%l
pr"sesessH%r)(",(3 (e .s$&e$e(&re$!.3s$&e$e)"" ser&es?><:@?;s,pp$ N&'"r. /3 (e !!p.(ere$"s."r2&'"r)"l&7&%("$#p+);;:.!l /
E!%".
Re$,per%("
el
(e
eer"
(el
3
(e
!!p.5,&&$%"r2%&$%."r2e!%".!l /3(e !!p.5,&&$%"r2%&$%."r2e!%".!l M&&s!er&" (e As,!"s E!er&"res # C""per%$&*. /3 (e !!p.e!er&"res.2").esE)%8%(%sLAPAZesN"!&$&%sP%2&%sAr!&$,l"s. De!!pe$#$l"pe(&%.%&rl&5,&(e.$"e$#$l"pe(&%.%spc G%sID>;fL%2,%2eID:fC",!r#ID?: M&&s!er&" (e C",&$%$&*./.<<< eple"s (&re$!"s # pr"#e$!% d,s << &ll"es (e ,!&l&(%( e!% %,%l. Re$,per%(" el : (e Eer" (el 3 (e !!p.$",&$%$&".2").)"c51. Apl&$%$&"es # ,s"s (el e!%". Re$,per%(" el ;?(e Eer" (el . De !!pe$#$l"pe(&%.%&rl&5,&(e.$"e$#$l"pe(&%.%spc G%sID>;fL%2,%2eID:fC",!r#ID?: /3 (e !!p(e+&&$&".(epr"p%" /<<>1.
Pr"%e.
Re$,per%("
el
;<
(e
eer"
(el
.
De
!!p.ee(."r2+&les$,rr&$,l,sp%&sW%!=<&s=.p(+ /
Pr"p%".
Re$,per%("
(e
!!p.$"s!r,%!&$%.$"$"s!r,pe(&%G%shPr"p%". 126
Eer"
(el
3
(e
L%er%. G. /1. Us"s (el Pr"p%".Re$,per%(" ;? (e Eer" (el 3 (e !!ppre$&"2%s.$"pr"p%",s"s. /1. A0l&s&s (e l% I(,s!r&% (e E!&le" FF. Re$,per%(" : (e Eer" (e 3 (e !!pses.s$r&)(.$"("$??:@A9&l&s&s9(e9l%9I(,s!r&%9(e9E!&le"9FF. E$&$l"pe(&% (e l"s 2%ses. /3 (e !!pe$#$l"pe(&%.%&rl&5,&(e.$"e$#$l"pe(&%.%spc G%sID>fL%2,%2eID:fC",!r#ID?: S"l&'.E. /1. Pl%!% (e E!&le" # P"l&e!&le" (e Y%$,&)%. Re$,per%(" ;? (e eer" (el 3 (e!!pses.s$r&)(.$"("$...Pl%!%9(e9E!&le"9#9P"l&e!&le"9FINAL. E$&$l"pe(&% (e l"s 2%ses. /3 (e !!pe$#$l"pe(&%.%&rl&5,&(e.$"e$#$l"pe(&%.%spc G%sID>fL%2,%2eID:fC",!r#ID?: D%7&(&%3 N. G,&l%,e3 E. I"8"&,3 H. Pr"7e(&er3 C. M&r"(%!"s3 /<<1 H#(r"2e pr"(,$!&" +r" $r,(e p#r"l#s&s "&l )# % se5,e!&%l $%!%l#!&$ pr"$ess3 Appl. C%!%l. / ;13??@?. S,(%r%3 .. Fr"e!3 /?:1 M"(el&2 "+ !er%l $r%$&2 &e!&$s ] I !er%l $r%$&2 "+ e!%e3 pr"p%e %( !e&r &!,res3 Ce. E2. S$&. ; @. Me(&, S&'e. D&!!e#er3 R./<<1 Pr"$ee(&2s "+ !e DGM9C"+ere$e uuC%$es +"r I"7%!&7e Pr"$esses %! !e I!er+%$e Be!ee Re+&&2 %( Pe!r"$e&s!r#vv3 Berl&3 pp. ?;?]?>. Ne Y"r A$%(e&$ Press. •
C%)%es3 A. L. /?::1. M"(el"s $&6!&$"s el pr"$es" (e p&r*l&s&s $" 7%p"r (e %2,%3 ?/;13 9?<.
•
Fr"e!3 B&s$"++3 3 W&l(e3 J. /?::<1. Ce&$%l re%$!"r %%l#s&s %( (es&2 /V"l. 1. Ne Y"r W&le#.
•
G%s2%ee3 M.3 f %r&'%(e3 R. /
•
Hele#3 E. J.3 Se%(er3 J. D.3 f R"per3 D. . /
12
•
Pe-% A(# N"el /<<1. $odelin of a tu%ular reactor for et&ane and propane p'rolisis . Tr%)%8" (e Gr%(". U&7ers&(%( (el Z,l&%. F%$,l!%( (e I2e&er4%. D&7&s&* (e P"s!2r%(". M%r%$%&)"3 Vee',el%. p.T,!"r Dr. J"r2e S0$e'.
•
R&7&r%3R./
12/
ANEXO
120
T#7# &. Re(&&e!"s (e $%r2% p%r% , pr"$es" (e S!e% Cr%$&2
Fue*+e. B,r(&$3 D. L.3 f Le++ler3 W. L. /<
T#7# $. C%p%$&(%( &s!%l%(% (e e!&le" e L%!&"%6r&
%$Fue*+e. J%&e Q,&p,s$" Es$")e(" /<<1. Pr"#e$!" !6$&$" e$"*&$" p%r% l% &plee!%$&* (e , $"ple8" pe!r"5,4&$" 5,e pr"(,'$% p"l&e!&le" # p"l&pr"p&le" % p%r!&r (el pr"p%" ")!e&(" (e l"s l45,&("s (el G%s %!,r%l (e $%&se%.
13
T#7# /. Res,e (e l"s %$"!e$&&e!"s &p"r!%!es e el s&s!e% (e $%!%l&'%("r p%r% l% (es&(r"2e%$&* (e e!%".
Fue*+e. J%&e Q,&p,s$" Es$")e(" /<<1. Pr"#e$!" !6$&$" e$"*&$" p%r% l% &plee!%$&* (e , $"ple8" pe!r"5,4&$" 5,e pr"(,'$% p"l&e!&le" # p"l&pr"p&le" % p%r!&r (el pr"p%" ")!e&(" (e l"s l45,&("s (el G%s %!,r%l (e $%&se%.
131
T#7# N8 ': Se prese!% l% (&sp"&)&l&(%( (e %!er&% pr&% ] E!%"3 5,e ser0 pr"7&s!% p"r l% Pl%!% (e Sep%r%$&* (e L45,&("s (e Gr% C%$" # es!0 e +,$&* % l"s $"pr"&s"s (e 7"lees (e e!re2% (e G%s N%!,r%l % l% Ar2e!&% es!%)le$&("s p"r C"!r%!".
T#7# 0: Gr%+&$% p%r% l% le$!,r% (e l% $"s!%!e (e e5,&l&)r&" p%r% &(r"$%r),r"s /1
F,e!e er3 D. ?:::3 p.:?>1. 132
REPORTES HORNO DE PIROLISIS L,,s3 P&r"l&s&s M"(el" Ver <.:.<3 (e "$!,)re (e
Hor*o S!@u#c!;* I*?or@#c!;* Ge*er# F,r%$e S&,l%!&" Op!&" F,r%$e C"(&!&"
9?
F",le( T,)e
R%(&%! I&!&%l G,ess
N"
R%(&%! M"(el
&e!&$s
C"7e$!&" M"(el
LMTD
R%(&%! R, Le2! M"(el
R&2"r",s
Co*?!ur#c!;* e # 7o7!*# r#!#*+e C"&l T#pe Des$r&p!&" SRT9IV N,)er "+ P%sses
>
N,)er "+ C"&ls
TMT
I(e
;
F",l&2 I(e
;
COT
I(e
M% Me!%ll,r2&$%l Tep M%&, CIP Ve!,r& Tr"%! ID
/$1
??<<.<
/2$%1
@.<<
/1
<.<
I( P%rl R" C"&l ID C"&l OD T,)e L T,)e Sp L2 P&! F& F%$ Fr&$F%$ N" T,)e Fl%2 /1 /1
/1
/1 /1 /+r%$1 133
/+r%$1
99 9999 9999 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999
;.
>. ??.> ?<.<< <.<< <.<<< <.<<
<
?
?<.<
?;>.< <.<<
<;
?
?<.<
?;>.< ??.> <.<< <.<< <.<<< <.<<
< ?
?
?<.<
?;>.< ?.@<
;<.< <.<< <.<<< <.<<
<> ?
?
?<.<
?;>.< ?.<
;<.< <.<< <.<<< <.<<
<.<< <.<< <.<<< <.<<
T"!%l Le2! @. T"!%l S,r+%$e ;.: T"!%l V"l,e <.>> ;
Secc!;* e co*"ecc!;* e co*?!ur#c!;* I( Pr"$ess U&! T,)eID T,)eOD Le2! t "+ t "+ t "+ I8 Fl" B% N" Des$r&p!&" /1 /1
/1 R"s P%ss T,)e +l%2 +l%2 C"
99 999999999999 999999 999999 9999999 9999 9999 9999 9999 9999 9999
:.>;<
<
<
< HC Pree%! @.@ ;.<<
:.>;<
< <
?
<; HC Pree%! @.@ ;.<<
:.>;<
; < <
< HC Pree%! @.@ ;.<<
:.>;<
; < <
;
<> BFW Pree%! >.< ;.<<
:.>;<
? : < <
<
<@ BFW Pree%! >.< ;.<<
:.>;<
? : < <
>
< HC Pree%!
@.@ ;.<<
:.>;<
< <
< HCgS! Pre ?.< ??.;
:.<
? ? <
<: HCgS! Pre ?.< ??.;
:.<
? < <
?< S,p HP S!e% >.:@ ;.<<
:.<
? : < <
<
?? S,p HP S!e% >.<< ;.<<
:.<
? : < <
?<
? S,p HP S!e% >.<< ;.<<
:.<
? : ? <
??
?; HCgS! Pre ?.< ??.;
:.;<
? < <
:
? HCgS! Pre ?.< ??.;
:.;<
; ? < <
?;
134
Hor*o e O=er#c!;* Re
Fee(s!"$
Fl" R%!e Fl" C"p Fl" R%!e Fl" C"p
N" N%e
2r
!=
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
.<
< METHANE
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
?@.<
<; ETHYLENE
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
.<>
< ETHANE
;<. @?.?
@.>
<.<<
;<.<
<> PROPYLENE
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
.<
<@ PROPANE
?.@
;.>:
;.
;<.<<
.?<
N" Fee(s!"$s
2r
"le=
Fee( MW
R C"7 R Sel Sel A(8? Sel A(8 E++ A(8
99 9999999999 99999999 99999999 99999999 99999999 99999999
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
< METHANE
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<; ETHYLENE
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
< ETHANE
@.<<< ??.@@? <.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<> PROPYLENE
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<@ PROPANE
.@<; ??.@@? <.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
RESUMEN SIMULACI(N SECCI(N RADIANTE 9999999999999999999999999999999999 Pr"$ess P%r%e!er Des$r&p!&"s C"&l Gr",p S!%!,s
Gr",p t? Gr",p t Gr",p t; Gr",p t
<
<
<
S&,l%!&" Fl%2 /<9IC3?9P39PfT1
<
<
<
Se7!# Fl%2 /<9C73?9Se739COT1
<
<
<
<
N,)er "+ C"&lsGr",p
<
<
<
135
C"!r"ll&2 C"p"e! ID
<
<
<
Spl&! C"&l Op!&" /<9C%\3?9C%HC1
<
<
<
<
Z"e F&r&2
/<9"3?9#es1
<
<
<
<
HC Fl" R%!e
/!"r$"&l1
;.>
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
HC Fl" R%!e
/!"r2r",p1
?>.<<
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
<.;><
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
D&l,!&" S!e% Fl" /!"r$1
?.;?
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
D&l,!&" S!e% Fl" /!"r21
>.><
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
HCgDS Fl" R%!e /!"r2r",p1
<.>
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
C"&l Ile! Press,re /2$21
?.@
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
C"&l O,!le! Press,re /2$21
<.:;
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
S!e%O&l R%!&"
Cr"ss O7er Teper%!,re
/$1
@<.:
C"&l O,!le! Teper%!,re
/$1
;.@
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
F&re B" Teper%!,re
/$1
??;.;@
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
?<;;.>;
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
M% T,)e W%ll Teper%!,re /$1 EOR TMT B&%s
/$1
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
M%&, CIP B&%s
/2$1
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
R%(&%! C"&l F",l&2
/1
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
R%(&%! C"&l EOR F",l&2 /1
>.;
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
T"!%l C"&l R, Le2!
?.@:
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
?.@:
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
<.
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
;<.:
<.<<
<.<<
<.<<
@.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
HCgS!e% He%! A)s"rp /$%lr1 ?.<:@
<.<<<
<.<<<
/(%#1
Re%&&2 C"&l R, Le2! /(%#1 Res&(e$e T&e G%s Vel"$&!#
/se$1 /se$1
Re%$!&" Se7er&!# F,el F&r&2 D,!#
/$%lr1
;?.;
O7er%ll F,r%$e E++&$&e$# /=1
?.>
t "+ O7er%ll F,r%$e I!er%!&"s
@
R!uro
136
<.<<<
F",l I( /1
TMT TFB\ /$1
CIP
/$1 2$2
COT CONV /$1
QABS
C9R,
/=1 $%l /!=1 /(%#1
99 999999 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999 ??;. ?. ;.: @.<< ;.< >.;?
<.<
< <.@< ?<. ??>. ?. ;?. @.<< ;.<< >.@
?.?
<; ?.< ?<>?. ??.< ?.: ;;.? @.<< ;..:
.;
< .< ?<@.; ?<.; ?.;< ;.< @.<< ;.< >.;<
>.?
<> .< ?<:;.: ?>.: ?.;> ;. @.<< ;.< >.;< ??.? <@ >.< ?<::. ?. ?.;@ ;<. @.<< .:: >.> ?.@ < >. ??<<.< ?. ?.;@ ;<. @.<< .:: >. ?. < >. ??<<.; ?.; ?.;@ ;<. @.<< .:: >. ?. <: >.>> ?? @.<< .:: >.> ?;.< ?< >.< ??<. ?. ?.; ;<.@ @.<< .:: >.> ?;.; ?? @.<< ??<>.? ?.; ?.; ;<.@ @.<< .:: >.> ?.?
Fur*#ce Co@=o*e*+ Y!e Su@@#r> @oeW 999999999999999999999999999999999999999 C"p"e! N%e Gr",p t? Gr",p t Gr",p t; Gr",p t C") Yl( 99999999999999 99999999 99999999 99999999 99999999 99999999 H#(r"2e
:.?
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
:.
Me!%e
?;.::
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
?;.:
A$e!#lee
<.;<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.;<
E!#lee
;.:
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
;.:>
E!%e
?>.
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
?>.
M%gP(
<.<>
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<>
Pr"p#lee
;.;>:
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
;.;@<
Pr"p%e
.?
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
.?>
B,!%(&ee
<.@>
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.@>
B,!#lee
<.?:
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.?:
B,!%e
<.<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<<<
<.<
13
