Descripción: The volume is a theoretical and practical manual for thermographic inspections in electrical and industrial field. It contains 230 pages of theory and practical informations about guidelines, crite...
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mapa conceptual NIA 230
Descripción: Establece y regula la Estrategia Nacional de Ciberseguridad 2018-2021.
resumen de la nia 230 documentos de auditoriaFull description
About MMORPG So, all it about games and game stuff. 1. MMORPG-Store's AntiFraud & Defene S!stem. So elementar! "a!s of su# s#o$s $rotetion are% - P-address must be from t#e same state, better it!( - Area ode in entered $#one must be from t#e same state( - )ou*ll be in+ited to li+e #at and ased for some uestions( - f !ou*re looing nor trusted in first t#ree ste$s, ma! be all reuested( . About games t#emsel+es. )ou s#ould no" t#at man! of game-masters don*t lie t#at game urrenies are selling for real mone!. So be read! t#at in one beautiful da! !ou an see message lie /)our aount is banned. Reason is #aer, sammer, fraudulent et0. So !ou*re under t#e ris "#en !ou sa+e on aount at t#e age of a "ee big amounts of game urrenies. So don*t be la! and enter $eriodiall! on t#e aount and mae +isibilit! t#at !ou*re real gamer and !ou lie to $la!. And don*t forget t#at if !ou ard t#e urrenies t#ere ould be #argeba. And of ourse after it !our aout "ill e bloed an!"a!. 2. 3#at !ou need for "or. - good $ro4!-ser+ie of ourse "it# enoug# +alue of sos567 loated in needed states6ities( - redit ard or better $a!$al or more better more t#an one $a!$al needed to be e4$lained8 t#in not( - e-mail. t*s better don*t use e-mails lie 29:erom2 ;!a#oo.om. Don*t be la! to sear# for some nier addresses% somet#ing lie MMORPG-<=G ;=OR>?.@OM B SPA@C3ARROR ;GAMCR.A Eeas!.la #undreds of free domains B =CAGCF= ;3===G.@OM. 5. About s#o$s and t#eir o"ners. Most of $o$ular MMORPG su$ermarets belong to small !ello"-sin $eo$le "it# $roud of t#at t#ere are 1 HHH HHH HHH of su# $eo$le on t#e Cart#. Seond $lae tae Amerians and t#e t#ird $lae tae nobod! but it*s $ossible to $ut t#ere $eo$le from e4-SSR. And "#at interesting t#at last $eo$le don*t lie to ser+e $eo$le from t#eir ountries and t#e! mainl! targeted on SA and C ustomers. So t#at*s t#e list of t#ings !ou "ill need% a. Sos-ser+ie. Almost e+er!one no"s "#ere to find it. b. IP= "it# good enr!$tion. . Soft"are% - Permeo Seurit! Dri+er, Sos @#ain, Free@AP and Ot#er Analog - Soft "#i# #anges OS anguage,OS Regional Settings & ?ime Jone,Date. >ro"ser ?!$e & anguage. - ?rusted tra-eraer remo+ing all info "it#out reo+ering $ossible% @!berSrub,As#am$oo ,?@Craser,A@RO=S Pri+a! Suite and ot#er analog d. AM Messenger,)a#oo Messenger for $ossible ontat "it# s#o$*s su$$ort. All About as#ing n t#is artile "ould lie to $oint out some of t#e "oring at t#e $resent time means of maing mone! and laundering t#e earnings. First of all "#at ould !ou mae mone! on8 ?#ere are a man! to$is "ritten t#at ne"bie an read, alt#oug# most of t#e s#emes desribed are non-"oring or +er! diffiult to
realie. ?#e main s#emes are% - Adult - @asino 6 ?otaliator - Autions >asiall!, man! artiles "ere "ritten about it. n t#is artile am going to sum u$ t#e s#emes and tal about t#e last stage of arding - "#at to do "it# t#ose sums t#at !ou managed to mae using "a!s mentioned abo+e, to be e4at + #o" to get old #ard as# in t#e $alm of !our #and. et's start "it# autions. "ill not be taling about maing sellers aounts or "#ere to get t#em - $ersonall! do not sell t#em so if !ou are interested in t#at, sear# t#e forum. "ill onl! tal about se+eral #arateristis of "oring "it# aounts - i.e. "#at e4atl! !ou s#ould do in order for t#e funds to rea# t#e $erson t#at "ill turn t#em into as# and e+entuall! get t#e as# to !ou. ?#e first, and im$ortant fator of suess is t#e amount of $ositi+e feedbas Eres$onses on seller-s aount, "#i# is t#e one !ou-ll be using. 3#en t#e $erson sear#es t#roug# t#e autions for t#e mer#andie to $ur#ase #e $a!s attention to sellers feedbas or t#e la t#ere of. More feedbas translate into more trust from !our $otential bu!er. Do not o+erloo t#at after t#e "inner is determined on !our lot, !ou "ill #a+e to ommuniate "it# t#e bu!er b! t#e means of e-mail, t#erefore !ou "ill need to use good Cnglis# + ot#er"ise t#e unneessar! sus$iions mig#t ome into $la!. On "ell-no"n online aution site e>a! t#ere is a list of some goods t#at are not allo"ed to be $ut u$ for t#e aution, as for t#e rest, an!t#ing goes from sos u$ to "as#ing ma#ines. =o" about as#ing. ?#e most effeti+e "a! of getting mone! out of t#e autions are and al"a!s "ere #es. More $reisel!, not :ust an! #es, but Mone! Orders and @as#ier @#es. "ill e4$lain "#!% - 3#! not "ire transfer8 ?#e aount used for "ire "ill #a+e a reall! s#ort life s$an, ner+ous bu!ers #a+e a #abit of #eing "#en and "#ere did t#eir mone! go. eause, after sending $ersonal #e to !our dro$, t#e bu!er and aut#orities an easil! tra and subseuentl! sto$ t#e $a!ment. Same a$$lies to different esro" ser+ies lie >idPa!. - Mone! Orders and @as#ier @#es + are not #es $a!able to a named $erson, but t#ose t#at !ou an bu! at !our loal $ost offie or t#e ban. ?#ose onl! ontain $ersonal information if t#e bu!er deided to $ut it t#ere. Postal Mone! Orders, in $artiular are im$ossible to sto$ $a!ment on. So no" "e-+e disussed t#e best "a!s of getting t#e mone! out of t#e autions.
t#e mer#andie, t#e longer !our dro$ t#at reei+es #es li+es, and t#erefore !ou8ll be able to mae more mone!. One more t#ing t#at is also +er! im$ortant to ee$ in mind% Mae sure t#at t#e bu!er is $#!siall! as far a"a! as $ossible from !our dro$ - uite often t#ere are su# #eroes t#at ome to t#e address "#ere t#e! sent t#e #e, demanding t#eir goods or mone!. =o" "e s#all $roeed to on-line gambling and maing mone! on t#at. C+er!one is familiar "it# t#e basi te#niue. ?#e ma:orit! of s#emes t#at are onneted in one "a! or t#e ot#er "it# "oring in asinos are disussed on t#e @arderPlanet. "ill tal onl! about some as$ets onerned "it# t#e final Et#e most im$ortant and ruial stage - "it# as#ing. After a massi+e atta of arders on a asino t#at "ere $roessed b! MiroGaming EMG, t#e! #a+e eased to send $ries on A@K as t#is ind of mone! transfer meant t#e name of t#e o"ner on t#e aount assigned is not #eed. ?#at basiall! means, t#e asinos from MG are #ardl! interesting an!more, beause t#e mone! "it#dra"al $roess #as gotten to be uite om$liated. So + does t#at mean t#at asino t#eme #as died8 =ot at all + ?#ere are ot#er asinos t#at are ser+ed b! different $roessing om$anies - for e4am$le, CFS. f !ou dediate some time on sear#ing t#e net !ou are sure to find somet#ing >efore "oring "it# an! asino mae sure not to o+erloo reading t#eir $oliies. Find out "a!s of a "it#dra"al. After t#e ertain sum of mone! "as "on, t#e initial de$osit must be returned on a ard. ?#at assures t#at no one get ner+ous neit#er t#e ard o"ner nor a asino. And e+er!one, inluding !ou, "ill remain $leased. Furt#er all is lear - go to reliable as#ier for dro$ or t#e aount, agree about interest and send transfer or t#e #e - de$ending on a met#od t#at t#is asino uses. Furt#er - adult E$orn-sites. 8d lie to em$#asie !et again t#at uite a lot "as "ritten and disussed on t#is sub:et. Don-t be la! and loo in ar#i+es. A #uge amount of informationL >riefl!% 1. @reate a site or order one from good "eb designer "#om !ou-ll find on t#e Planet. A "ell-made, $rofessional site "ill im$ro+e !our odds. . Fill it "it# t#e ontent. 2. @onnet to billing of !our #oie t#at $a!s often. 5. Mae or bu! traffi and start to in$ut t#e ard numbers. During t#is $roess $a! s$eial attention to #anging !our $ro4! ser+ers. Ca# ne" ard must be lined to a different e-mail address. Do not o+erloo !our s!stem setting es$eiall! t#e language. On t#e $resent da! Eul!, 12, HH, t#ese are t#e main s#emes in arding t#at are onneted "it# as#ing. ?#ere is also a mer#andie arding, "oring "it# !our o"n mer#ants, and "oring "it# real $lasti - but t#ese sub:ets demand onsiderable e4$eriene so "ould not ad+ise beginners to start "it# t#em, nor t#e! are onneted "it# as#ing, nuanes of "#i# "ere disussed in t#is
artile. And, in onlusion, little about as#ing and as#iers. 3or onl! "it# $rofessional and "ell-#eed as#iers. deal #oie - +erified $eo$le. ?#e beginner or not a "ell-no"n as#ier, e+en t#oug# #e mig#t not be a fae, an sim$le la $rofessionalism in t#is sub:et Eand belie+e me - in t#e "or of as#ier t#ere is su# #ea$ of #idden dangersL Antifraud s!stems "oring n all online s#o$s "#i# ae$t redit ard "as added N@redit @ard Fraud Detetion ser+ieN Efurt#er @@FDs. t's tas is to $erent of $ossibilit! of fraud. t ounts as named fraud sore EFS based on main fators of legit!. For e4am$le if FS #ig#er t#an ,7 it's ad+ied to manager to #old order or laim a all. Fators of fraud% 1. C-mail Domain - t#e! loo $ro+ider of !our e-mail Eif it's free email $ro+ider lie #otmail.om . Geogra$#i Soure-P A ountr! "#i# P belongs to and a ountr! !ou're entering in t#e s#o$ must be t#e same. 2. Anon!mous Pro4! - if P of ustomer in bla list. 5 Kig# Ris @ountr! - for e4am$le Russia, rain, Moldo+a, >elorussia, @olumbia, Cg!$t, ndonesia, i+an, Maedonia 7. Distane-QQTUV - distane bet"een P loation and s#i$$ing address. W. >in =umber Mat# - ountr! of ban emited t#e ard and ountr! of P E#e b! >=. X-@arder C-mail - if entered e-mail is in database of famous arders. 1H-O$en Pro4! - #e P on $ubli $ro4! 11-S$am - #eing P in s$am blalist And t#at's t#e formula for ounting FS% FS Y .7 Z isFreeCmail [ .7 Z ountr!DoesntMat# [ 7 Z #ig#Ris@ountr! [ 1H Z minEdistane,7HHH 6 ma4Cart#Ar [ Z binDoesntMat# [ 7 Z arderCmail [ .7 Z $ro4!Sore [ s$amSore62 ma4Cart# Y HH2\. A$$lied @r!$togra$#! for Magneti Stri$e ards 1.H ntrodution ?#e intention of t#is doument is to $ro+ide a basi understanding of r!$togra$#! and te#niues a$$lied to magneti stri$e ards in t#e finanial industr!. ?#is sub:et is normall! a$$roa#ed "it# some tre$idation b! t#e uninitiated, #o"e+er it is reasonabl! straig#tfor"ard one t#e basi $rini$les are e4$lained. @r!$togra$#! is om$le4, but its $ratial a$$liation is less so. t is not neessar! to understand t#e mat#ematis in+ol+ed in order to suessfull! use and manage r!$togra$#! in a finanial en+ironment. >eause of t#e seurit! im$liations of ard r!$togra$#!, it is e4tremel! #ard to find information in an! form e4$laining t#is a$$liation, "#i# adds to t#e some"#at unneessar! s#roud of m!ster! surrounding t#e to$i. n earl! im$lementations, a measure of additional seurit! "as $ro+ided
b! ensuring t#at fe" $eo$le ne" e4atl! #o" t#ese me#anisms "ored and t#is met#od of o$eration #as $ermeated into toda!8s im$lementations. Ko"e+er, none of t#e information $ro+ided in t#is doument "ill om$romise seurit! in an! "a!. Alt#oug# ot#er, more seure ard toens are beoming a+ailable, t#e magneti stri$e ard is signifiantl! #ea$er t#an alternati+es, and is b! far t#e most ommon ard t!$e in use. Seurit! te#niues for magneti ards #a+e slo"l! but steadil! im$ro+ed, and $ro$erl! im$lemented an $ro+ide $erfetl! adeuate seurit! for finanial transations in a +er! ost-effeti+e manner. .H se of r!$togra$#! in finanial magneti stri$e ards ?#e most ommonl! no"n use of r!$togra$#! is in t#e $ro+ision of a Personal dentifiation =umber, or P=, to allo" a magneti stri$e ard to be used in unattended en+ironments su# as A?M8s, or in ot#er situations "#ere traditional signature #eing is ina$$ro$riate. ?#is a$$lies euall! to redit, debit and A?M ards. ?#ere are not man! finanial ards in use toda! t#at do not #a+e some ind of P= a$abilit!. A seond ommon use of r!$togra$#! is in $ro+iding anti-ounterfeit me#anisms for t#e magneti stri$e. ?#e intention is to $re+ent fraudulent onstrution of ounterfeit ards b! inserting a +alue on t#e magneti stri$e t#at annot be deri+ed from ot#er ard information. ?#us "#en a ard is +alidated online t#is +alue an be #eed to determine "#et#er t#e ard is genuine or a forger!. Se+eral different standards e4ist for t#is me#anism, t#e most ommon being t#e ISA @ard Ierifiation Ialue E@II or t#e Masterard eui+alent, @I@. For t#e $ur$oses of t#is doument "ill refer to t#is me#anism as @II as t#is is t#e term in most ommon use. Ot#er uses of r!$togra$#! do not diretl! relate to t#e ard, t#e! generall! relate to t#e enr!$tion of P=8s and messages "#ilst being transmitted in a finanial en+ironment to $re+ent t#eir dislosure or alteration. ?#ese items "ill be disussed in more detail in subseuent setions. 2.H >asi @r!$togra$#! A basi understanding of r!$togra$#i te#niues is reuired in order to understand t#is doument. ?#e ma:orit! of magneti ard enr!$tion is based on t#e Data Cnr!$tion Algorit#m EDCA, usuall! alled DCS or Data Cnr!$tion Standard. ?#e idea be#ind DCS is t#at a lear +alue is $assed to t#e DCS algorit#m, "#i# an be im$lemented eit#er as soft"are routines or in dediated #ard"are. DCS t#en enr!$ts t#e lear +alue using a e! Ea seret W5-bit +alue and out$uts an enr!$ted +alue. ?#e unenr!$ted in$ut is usuall! referred to as @learte4t, "#ile t#e enr!$ted result is referred to as @i$#erte4t. ?#e o$eration t#at turns learte4t into i$#erte4t is no"n in DCS terms as an 8eni$#er8 o$eration. Figure 1 - DCS Cni$#er o$eration =ote t#e follo"ing%
?#e DCS algorit#m is =O? seret. t is $ublil! a+ailable. ?#e
enr!$tion e!8 and #anged freuentl! in real time for added seurit!. t must be stressed t#at no r!$togra$#! s!stem is e+er om$letel! seure. ?#ere are al"a!s "eanesses in an! s!stem, bot# from a te#nial +ie"$oint and o$erationall!, "#ere #uman and o$erational $roedures ma! be om$romised. 5.H Pratial a$$liation of r!$togra$#! in Magneti stri$e ards. ?#e intention of t#is setion is to demonstrate #o" r!$togra$#i $rini$les are Eusuall! a$$lied to magneti stri$e ards in a $ratial onte4t. 5.1 P= Proessing ?#e P= $rini$le is based on t#e fat t#at nobod! ot#er t#an t#e legitimate ard#older #as no"ledge of t#e P=. ?#us "#en a P= is $ro+ided for a ustomer% t must not be stored an!"#ere in learte4t Ee4e$t in t#e seure P= mailer destined for t#e ustomer t must not be $ossible to re+erse-engineer t#e P= from information on t#e magneti stri$e or from a entrall! #eld database. =ormall!, a P= is a 5-digit numeri +alue. Ot#er s#emes e4ist, but "e "ill use t#is format for illustration as it is a ommon standard. 3#en a P= is issued, t#e seuene of e+ents is as follo"s% A 5-digit random number is generated. ?#is is t#e P=. ?#e P= is ombined "it# ot#er information, su# as t#e aount number, to reate a blo of data for in$ut to t#e r!$togra$#! $roess. ?#e in$ut blo is tri$le enr!$ted using t#e P= "oring e!s Digits are seleted from t#e i$#erte4t result. ?#ese beome t#e Pin Ierifiation Ialue or Pin Offset. ?#e P= Offset is stored ?#e P= mailer is $rinted Memor! is leared to binar! eroes to remo+e all traes of t#e lear P=. At t#is $oint, t#e onl! $lae t#e P= +alue e4ists is inside t#e P= mailer. ?#e P= annot be deri+ed from t#e P= offset. 3#en t#e ard is used and t#e P= entered, t#e P= offset is alulated again from t#e entered P=, using t#e P= "oring e!s and om$ared to t#e stored offset +alue to determine if t#e orret P= "as entered. @learl! t#is means t#at "#en a P= is +alidated, t#e +alidating s!stem must #a+e aess to t#e P= "oring e!s used during initial P= issue or subseuent P= #ange. t s#ould be re-em$#asised t#at t#e offset om$rises seleted digits from t#e i$#erte4t. ?!$iall! t#is "ould be 5-W digits. t is not $ossible to rereate t#e e!s or deri+e t#e P= from t#is +alue. =otes% .n some im$lementations, t#e P= offset is stored on t#e magneti stri$e on t#e ard. ?#is is intended to be used in terminals "#i# an $erform loal P= +alidation. Ko"e+er, t#is te#niue is beoming rare as it $re+ents de$lo!ment of user-seletable P=8s. . 3#ere t#e user is gi+en t#e o$tion to #ange P=, t#e ne" offset is alulated in realtime and "ritten to t#e database. =ote t#at if t#e P= is forgotten, it annot be rereated. . ?#e met#od desribed abo+e is generi. ?#ere are man! +ariations, su# as t#e >M2W5 Met#od-A,
Diebold met#od, and so on, #o"e+er t#e $rini$le remains t#e same. I. n man! met#ods, t#e frame"or e4ists for using different e! $airs based on an inde4 +alue, usuall! stored on t#e magneti stri$e. ?#is is a single digit +alue denoting t#e inde4 of t#e e! $air to be used. ?#e intent is so t#at a t#e same e!s are not used aross t#e entire ardbase, and t#at ne" e!s an be used on re-issue "it#out affeting e4isting ards. 5. @II $roessing t "as uil! understood t#at t#e $roliferation of finanial ards e4$osed institutions to ris from ounterfeiters. n t#e redit ard "orld, t#is ame from manufature of ards "it# or "it#out magneti stri$e enoding t#at $ossessed +alid numbers and seemingl! +alid names and logos. n t#e A?M ard arena, attaers obser+ed P= number entr! 8o+er t#e s#oulder8, ollated t#ese P=8 s "it# information from disarded reei$ts and so on, and onstruted t#eir o"n magneti stri$es on dumm! ards for use at t#eir leisure "it# obser+ed P= numbers. ?#ese t#reats and ot#ers led to t#e introdution of t#e @ard Ierifiation Ialue, a non-deri+able seuene of digits onstruted b! r!$togra$#i $roess and "ritten to t#e magneti stri$e of t#e ard. ?#is means t#at eletroni a$ture of transations Eeit#er at A?M or Point of Sale are effeti+el! $roteted against ounterfeiters. A ombination of stati data su# as aount number is tri$le enr!$ted using a s$eial @ard Ierifiation e! $air. Seleted digits from t#e result are used to reate t#e @II, and t#is is "ritten onto t#e magneti stri$e. Similar omments a$$l! to @II as t#ose for Pin Offset( As t#e @II onsists of fe" digits, and tri$le enr!$tion is used, t#e @II e!s and +alues are #ig#l! seure and $resene of a +alid @II $ro+ides an added le+el of onfidene t#at t#e ard is not ounterfeit. t s#ould be noted t#at @II is sim$l! an additional $rotetion met#od( it is not fool$roof. t does not, for instane, $rotet against fraudulent a$tures of magneti stri$e data using, sa!, fae A?M8s. A furt#er de+elo$ment of @II, @II, is used for tele$#one aut#orisations. A similar Ealt#oug# not idential alulation is $erformed as for @II, and seleted digits from t#e result are $#!siall! $rinted on t#e ba of t#e ard. ?#ese digits an t#en be reuested b! a all entre "is#ing to determine if t#e aller is reall! in $ossession of t#e ard. One again, t#is is an additional #e, and not fool$roof. 5.2 M8s P@F, it is less seure, and t#e DCS algorit#m an be uite $roessor intensi+e. ?#ere are om$anies t#at s$eialise in dediated r!$togra$#i units, su# as Raal and Atalla. ?#e! are ommonl! alled KSM8s EKost Seurit! Module alt#oug# t#is is t#e Raal $ro$rietar! name for t#e unit. 3#en using t#ese de+ies, t#e intent is t#at all eni$#er and dei$#er ati+it! taes $lae in t#e seure unit, and t#at lear e!s and learte4t +alues are ne+er e4$osed outside t#e unit. P#!siall!, KSM8s are tam$er $roof and intended for installation in seure om$uter rooms. Attem$ts to o$en t#em "ill result in t#e destrution of e!s ontained in t#e de+ies. KSM8s are also a$able of generating ne" random e!s and random numbers for use as P=8s in a seure manner. Some a$$liations use $#!sial teleommuniations line enr!$tion for added seurit!, and t#ere are a +ariet! of manufaturers of t#is t!$e of de+ie. ?#e! are effeti+el! 8bla bo48
and reuire no s$eial no"ledge. 7.H C4am$les 7.1 @r!$togra$#! in a normal A?M "it#dra"al @onsider a ommon A?M transation% A ustomer inserts #is ard in t#e A?M ?#e ustomer enters #is P= ?#e ustomer reuests as# ?#e transation is a$$ro+ed, as# is dis$ensed ?#ere8s an a"ful lot of r!$togra$#! going on in t#is $roess. For sim$liit!, "e8 ll assume t#e auiring and issuing ban are t#e same. ?#e r!$togra$#! ati+it! is identified in italis in t#e seuene% 1. A ustomer inserts #is ard in t#e A?M ?#e magneti stri$e is read and stored in a buffer in t#e A?M . ?#e ustomer enters #is P= ?#e P= is entered into a tam$er-$roof P= $ad ?#e stored P= is stored in a seurit! module in #ard"are 2. ?#e ustomer reuests as# ?#e message is onstruted in t#e A?M ?#e P= Eand $ossibl! more is eni$#ered under t#e ?erminal e! ?#e message is sent to t#e #ost, $ossibl! eni$#ered in omms #ard"are. On reei$t at t#e #ost, t#e omms le+el enr!$tion is dei$#ered ?#e @II is alulated and om$ared to t#e +alue on t#e magstri$e ?#e P= under t#e ?erminal e! is dei$#ered ?#e P= offset or PII is alulated ?#e P= offset or PII is om$ared to t#e database of PII8s 5. ?#e transation is a$$ro+ed, as# is dis$ensed =ote% all t#e #ost r!$togra$#! funtions are normall! $erformed in t#e Kost Seurit! module. =o @learte4t +alues are e4$osed to a$$liation $rograms or outside t#e seure en+ironment. 7. @r!$togra$#! in an CF?PoS transation C+en in a signature aut#orised en+ironment, t#e @II from t#e magneti stri$e an be +alidated at t#e #ost s!stem to detet ounterfeit ards. @learl! t#is onl! "ors in online en+ironments as t#e @II +alidation reuires a r!$togra$#i alulation to be $erformed at t#e #ost. ]=ote% t is $ossible, and some manufaturers su$$ort, loal e! storage on CF?PoS de+ies and distributed terminals. >eause of t#e e! management om$liations, t#ese de+ies are not onsidered #ere^ A more ommon use of r!$togra$#! in CF?PoS en+ironments Eand, inreasingl! in A?M and ot#er traffi is t#e MA@ EMessage Aut#entiation @ode. ?#e MA@ #e an be t#oug#t of as a +alue alulated from t#e ontents of all t#e ritial fields in a message Esu# as ard number and amount and $assed t#roug# a r!$togra$#i algorit#m. Alt#oug# t#e message is arried o+er transmission lines in lear, t#e +alidation of t#e MA@ field at t#e rei$ient "ill determine "#et#er fields #a+e been tam$ered "it#. ]for t#e te#niall! minded, MA@ an be t#oug#t of as an enr!$ted R@ field^. ?#e o+er#ead of MA@ is uite small. E?#e MA@ is defined as 1W b!tes in SO9792. 7.2 Ot#er finanial r!$togra$#! a$$liations As "ell as traditional uses of r!$togra$#! as desribed abo+e, interban net"ors
Esu# as S3F? #a+e #istoriall! been large users of r!$togra$#i te#niues. A $let#ora of ne" deli+er! me#anisms and far "ider distribution of ad+aned te#nolog! to t#e $ubli #as inreased bot# t#e interest in and t#e use of r!$togra$#i te#niues. n ases "#ere r!$togra$#! is reuired for "ides$read dissemination to t#e $ubli Esu# as P@ based #ome baning ordinar! DCS is too om$le4 to manage seurel!. More a$$ro$riate and more seure algorit#ms su# as RSA EA 8$ubli e!8 enr!$tion s!stem #a+e e+ol+ed and been de$lo!ed in t#ese en+ironments - t#e! are outside t#e so$e of t#is $a$er but re+ie" of $ubli e! algorit#ms is es$eiall! enouraged "#ere a$$ro$riate. Some or$orate, CD and treasur! a$$liations use #ig#l! seure DCS "it# a ombination of te#niues MA@, $#!sial enr!$tion, d!nami e! e4#ange, smart ard e! storage and so on. n one im$lementation re+ie"ed, t#e "oring e! is #anged e+er! transation b! t#e result of a MA@ e! alulation residue Ea so-alled 8one time8 e! s!stem. A?M Kaing ?utorial KO3 ?O KA@< ?KC ?RA=A_ M=>A=< 17HH A?M MA@K=C /C=?CR PASS3ORD0 "ill be dis$la!ed. Cnter Master, Ser+ie or O$erator Pass"ord. Defaults% Master Y777777 Ser+ie Y O$erator Y 111111 `1- ?o aess t#e O$erator Funtion menu, #old t#e @anel, @lear and Cnter e!s simultaneousl! for seonds, release t#em and $ress 1, t#en $ress , t#en $ress 2. ?#e timing of t#is $roedure an be diffiult at first. =ote% ?#e O$erator Funtion menu an onl! be aessed "#en t#e ma#ine is eit#er in ser+ie E/s"i$e !our ard0 sreen or out of ser+ie. f t#e ma#ine is attem$ting to onnet t#e #ost or initialiing, !ou "ill not be able to use t#e e! ommands to aess t#e O$erator Funtion Menu. f !ou #a+e trouble aessing t#e O$erator Menu, $o"er off t#e A?M and t#en eit#er o$en t#e +ault door or remo+e t#e $a$er from t#e $rinter and $o"er ba on. ?#is "ill fore t#e A?M to t#e O$erator Menu. - One !ou suessfull! om$leted t#e e! ombination, !ou "ill be $rom$ted to enter a $ass"ord. ?#ere are 2 o$tions for $ass"ords. c O$erator Pass"ord Eallo"s aess to basi menu struture c Ser+ie Pass"ord Eallo"s aess to basi and diagnosti menus c Master Pass"ord Eallo"s aess to all menus inluding setu$ $arameters Pass"ords are +er! im$ortant to maintaining seurit! for !our A?M. )our dealer6distributor "ill $ro+ide !ou "it# default $ass"ord information. 2- left is t#e om$lete O$erator Funtion menu, de$ending on "#i# $ass"ord !ou entered Eo$erators, ser+ie, master !ou ma! not see ertain funtions. For e4am$le, if !ou use an o$erator $ass"ord
!ou "ill not see t#e Kost Setu$ button, as !ou "ill not #a+e aess to t#at menu. good lu. A?OMA?@ @II SKOPS RA?CD Kere il be rating all t#e automati @II selling s#o$s. +lt. - +ault maret - X7 rating - ICR) GOOD $"ns#o$. - $a"n s#o$ - 9H rating - ICR) GOOD ?O GOOD ards#o$.t+ - ard s#o$ - 9H rating - ICR) GOOD ?O GOOD store.ru - store - \7 rating - GOOD fres#sto.bi - fres# sto - W7 rating - O< .l - SKOP - WH rating - O< All t#e ratings are based on t#e -++ ualit! and +alidit! -#o" eas! funds an be loaded -t#e ualit! of t#e su$$ort being $ro+ided b! admin and o"ners of t#e s#o$ Please feel free to add and omment on t#e s#o$s !ou no". en:o! A+s Pass >ins For $eo$le "#o dont no" "#at non-a+s ards are #ere is t#e e4$lanation% AIS EAddress Ierifiation S!stem is used to #e if t#e billing address $ro+ided is orret. For e4am$le e+en if t#e ard details E@@num, e4$.date, 265 digit seurit! ode mat#es t#e orret info and t#e >illing address does not mat#, t#e ard is mared as NDelinedN and t#e order does not $roess. AIS onnets to t#e ban and +erifies t#e info $ro+ided. Ko"e+er some bans do not allo" t#is ind of +erifiation, allo"ing t#e arder to in$ut "#ate+er billing information t#e! "ant. 3#! are non-a+s ard so useful8 ?#e ans"er is +er! sim$le. )ou an :ust in$ut t#e s#i$$ing address as billing address "#en arding, means it "ould be same, "#i# is a lot #ig#er #ane for t#e stuff to s#i$. So #ere "e go. Iisa% 5X15 575W2 572XH5 5H\H 5XX5 5\\X1 57W5WX 5XX5 57WHH5 5WW199 Master@ard% 722 A"esome >=s Me and m! $artners #a+e been arding for o+er 1H to 17 !ears. n m! base of resear# o+er t#e last !ears, i #a+e seleted t#ese 1H1 >='s as being to best ard "it# in SA, CROPCA=, ASA= A=D < SKOPS POS EPO=?.OF.SAC s!stems. ?#ese ards on t#ese >=s are $ro+en to aut#orise for s"i$es of WHHusd all t#e "a! to 1.7 usd $er 1 s"i$e. hUVj kjB U kBVV 1H 17 BV. Vp kqV QQBVUT VVUV hQBVU BV, T jkB 1H1 >=, , kj BvwT xyz, VhVpQ VBkU {z|z}~•€ POS EPO=?.OF.SAC QQV. j U kvUVj qBQ‚ qVwVUV U hpB q WHHusd VQ‚ hv‚
M =C3 5HH2HX ?#e >an of =o+a Sotia @redit @ASS@ Dominian Re$ubli =C3 5HH22W 5 Pea$a-Gladstone >an Debit @ASS@ nited States of Ameria Gladstone =e" erse! = =C3 5HH252 5 3est @oast >an Debit PA?=M nited States of Ameria ae Os"ego Oregon OR =C3 5HH255 O< @a$ital One >an Esa, =ational Assoiation @redit PA?=M nited States of Ameria Glen Allen Iirginia IA =C3 5HH2\7 17 Sil+erton >an, =ational Assoiation @redit >S=CSS nited States of Ameria Atlanta Georgia GA =C3 5HH2\X 2 Fremont >an Debit >S=CSS nited States of Ameria Fremont @alifornia @A =C3 5HH29 ?#e Montiello >aning @om$an! Debit >S=CSS nited States of Ameria Montiello an Debit @ASS@ nited States of Ameria Curea Missouri MO =C3 5HHWH2 \ Signature >an Debit @ASS@ nited States of Ameria >ad A4e Mi#igan M =C3 55129 W9 First Federal >an of O#io Debit @ASS@ nited States of Ameria Galion O#io OK =C3 55151 1 anaster Red Rose @redit nion Debit @ASS@ nited States of Ameria anaster Penns!l+ania PA =C3 5515 7 Arro"#ead >an Debit @ASS@ nited States of Ameria lano ?e4as ?_ =C3 55171 X5 @ommere >ans#ares, n. Debit @ASS@ nited States of Ameria ans#ares, n. @redit @ASS@ nited States of Ameria ans#ares, n. Debit >S=CSS nited States of Ameria oulder @olorado @O =C3 551\9 W Cle+ations @redit nion @redit @ASS@ nited States of Ameria >oulder @olorado @O =C3 2951 „H1„ PA?=M E@RCD? „ @?>A=< >CRKAD „ MAA)SA 5297H 1 „1H1„ @ASS@ EDC>? „ 3CS FARGO >A=< =.A. „ SA 5297W 1 „1H1„ @ASS@ EDC>? „ S?A?C @C=?CR @.. „ SA 5297\2 1 „1H1„ @ASS@ EDC>? „ 3CS FARGO >A=< =.A. „ SA 529W25 1 „1H1„ @ASS@ EDC>? „ SC@R?)PS F.@.. „ SA 529W99 „1H1„ @ASS@ EDC>? „ MCR3CS? @.. „ SA 529\2W 1 „1H1„ PA?=M E@RCD? „ MA)O CMPO)CCS F.@.. „ SA 529\77 7 „1H1„ @ASS@ E@RCD? „ SA= DCGO @O=?) @.. „ SA 71W21X 9 „H1„ S?A=DAR? EDC>? „ 3CS?PA@ >A=<=G @ORPORA?O= „ AS?RAA 71W2H 1 „H1„ S?A=DAR? E „ 3CS?PA@ >A=<=G @ORPORA?O= „ AS?RAA 71W21 1 „H1„ E „ 3CS?PA@ >A=<=G @ORPORA?O= „ AS?RAA 71W22H 1 „H1„ S?A=DAR? E „ 3CS?PA@ >A=<=G @ORPORA?O= „ AS?RAA 71\WWX 5 „1H1„ GOD EDC>? „ KS>@ >A=< =CIADA =.A. „ SA 71\9HH 11 „1H1„ GOD EDC>? „ FRS? PRCMCR >A=< „ SA 71\9H7 XW „1H1„ PA?=M EDC>? „ @AP?A O=C >A=< „ SA 71\9\2 1 „1H1„ EDC>? „ @ @OOPCRA?IC S)S?CMS „ SA
71\X57 1 „1H1„ PA?=M EDC>? „ @KASC >A=< SA =.A. „ SA 57HXX9 5W IACS…=?CR@O=?=C=?ACS…S.A. @RCD? GOD6PRCM @OS?A…R@A 5715\\ 1 AIA…@ARD…E@OS?A…R@A,…S.A. @RCD? PA?=M @OS?A…R@A 575\29 1 ?ARC?AS…@S@A?A=…S.A. @RCD? >S=CSS @OS?A…R@A 5X171 1W IACS…=?CR@O=?=C=?ACS…S.A. @RCD? @ASS@ @OS?A…R@A 5X219X AIA…@ARD…E@OS?A…R@A,…S.A. @RCD? GOD6PRCM @OS?A…R@A 5X21XH AIA…@ARD…E@OS?A…R@A,…S.A. @RCD? @ASS@ @OS?A…R@A 517H9H 1 3CS…FARGO…>A=<,…=.A. =6A =6A =?CD…S?A?CS…OF…AMCR@A 517H92 2 3CS…FARGO…>A=<,…=.A. =6A =6A =?CD…S?A?CS…OF…AMCR@A 517H9W 2 3CS…FARGO…>A=<,…=.A. =6A =6A =?CD…S?A?CS…OF…AMCR@A 5\WXHH WX JO=S…FRS?…=A?O=A…>A=< @RCD? >S=CSS =?CD…S?A?CS…OF…AMCR@A 5\\22 1 @>A…>A=@ARD =6A =6A =?CD…S?A?CS…OF…AMCR@A 5\\25 1 3CS…FARGO…>A=<,…=.A. =6A =6A =?CD…S?A?CS…OF…AMCR@A 5\\2\ 9 3CS…FARGO…>A=<,…=.A. =6A =6A =?CD…S?A?CS…OF…AMCR@A 5X15\2 5 @>A…>A=@ARD =6A =6A =?CD…S?A?CS…OF…AMCR@A 5X15\\ 2 @>A…>A=@ARD =6A =6A =?CD…S?A?CS…OF…AMCR@A 5X1597 2 @>A…>A=@ARD =6A =6A =?CD…S?A?CS…OF…AMCR@A 5X15X5 @>A…>A=@ARD =6A =6A =?CD…S?A?CS…OF…AMCR@A 5X1XH1 =@S@…F.@.. DC>? @ASS@ =?CD…S?A?CS…OF…AMCR@A >ases of t#ing arding ?#is artile, #o$e, "ill #el$ beginners to ans"er m!self immemorial uestion 8. ?o begin "it# "e need to understand t#at #ere, as "ell as in an! business, t#ere is a #ain and if sim$l! to #ammer some"#ere a ard, an!bod! #ome "on't send t#e goods to !ou. As a rule t#is #ain is realied b! $ersons t#e one "#o t#e goods and t#at "#o it ae$ts a arditis. ?o t#e beginner to do simultaneousl! bot# t#at and anot#er isn't real almost. 3e "ill onsider t#ese t"o lins more in detail furt#er. ?o begin "it# it is neessar! to find s#o$, it is natural online s#o$ in "#i# "e "ill mae $ur#ase. t is not neessar! to be greed! sine to reei+e hBqVUU "it# a inema for 1H† it "ill not turn out for man! reasons. 3e #oose to t#emsel+es t#e t!$e goods Uv or ƒ, k‡V b! more lo" 1†1.7< 8 for beginners it is o$timum MKO. 3e tae a ard Furt#er, for $ur#ase it needs to be $re$ared. Sine to order on t#e address of its o"ner doesn't lea+e and t#e sense isn't $resent. t is neessar! to order on h. ˆh it is itien S "it# "#om #a+e dissol+ed t#at it #as ae$ted a $arel and #as sent it "#ere "ill tell and for it #as reei+ed t#e 2H-7H dollars E[ VUT on all life for"ard 8 jjj. >ut "e "ill not be #urries u$, "e "ill assume at us t#ere is #ere su# ard% name…on…ardYmar s messina address1YWH $lainfeild a+e it!Y"est #a+en stateY@? i$odeYHW71W ountr!YS redit…ardY5ZZZZZH1H17H5W1 e4$…mont#YH2 e4$…!earYHH9 ++Y9 #o$e to dei$#er t#is field it is neessar! to nobod!. Furt#er it is neessar! to mae Cnroll. For t#is $ur$ose it is reuired to us SS= ESoial Seurit! =umber [ DO> EDa! of >irt#da! [ MM=
EMot#er Maiden =ame. ?o find su# information it is $ossible at s#Cn or 8 Eas ad+ertiing >! t#e "a! in some bans for UB, besides t#e listed data it is neessar! ‡‰ nobilit! P= or A?M. ?o $ass t#is degree of $rotetion e4tremel! diffiult and UVU not U for su# business. ?o learn to "#at ban t#e ard onerns it is $ossible on a bin, i.e. on t#e first figures in ard number. se $rogram @@>an Eread #ere t#is t#eme - #tt$%66""".+erified.ru6s#o"t#read.$#$8tYW. 3e go on a ban site Furt#er, "e ome into setion Cnroll Eif !ou +isuall! an't find t#is setion, QhB‚vpV sear# on a ban site. 3e $ass all offered ountries Furt#er, stage b! stage entering on t#em t#e data, an e-mail it is $ossible to enter an!, a#u and not Kotmail ertainl! is desirable not. E #o$e t#at it is neessar! to use a $ro4! et. it is not neessar! to remind. )ou #a+e reei+ed Online aess to a ard, #ere it is $ossible to loo "#at balane on a ard Eit s#ould sur$ass at least in -2 times $lanned $ur#ase and t#ere is a setion "#ere it is $ossible to #ange t#e data on a ard. E?o desribe as setions "#ere "ill not sear# for t#ese buttons et. 8 sine it sill!, in ea# ban on a misellaneous are alled. So if t#e balane good, goes to setion for #ange Uƒj. t is $ossible to re$lae onl! Address1, @it!, State, Ji$ode and P#one number.3e tae information of dro$a, it "ill be for e4am$le% \H ?unstill oo$ Rd Fa!ette+ille ?= 2\225 E?#ans 4? for gi+en Uƒv about t#e $erson, "#i# alread! liel! on $lan beds. O$en t#ere is $#one uestion on "#i# it is neessar! to ae$t a all from a s#o$ and $robabl! t#en from it to all. ?#e blessing for t#is $ur$ose e4ists +arious $ t#e ?ele$#on! Euse Google "#ere it is $ossible to bu! e4ternal number. 3e bu! $#one of t#e same staff, as h. n t#is ase ?ennessee. Furt#er "e interru$t t#e data in a ard on ours, "ill "rite #o" man! it is neessar! to "ait for a$$liation 8 usuall! ou$le of da!s, but e+er!"#ere on a misellaneous. ?#erefore a ard "e "ill $ost$one for a ertain time. After t#e la$se of t"o da!s a ard it is neessar! VUv‚ if at !ou isn't $resent VU near at #and or o"n 4-login 8 it is $ossible to mae easier, to go on a t!$e site nero.om or et. trading in a soft"are and to bu! t#ere not neessar! VUŠ for H dollars. f $a!ment #as $assed suessfull! 8 t#e ard means is li+e and it is $ossible whQT. At kV a ard it is neessar! to use t#e OD =ame, number, e4$ and @II a ode, ot#er data "e tae reentl! #anged. 3e go on a site of s#o$ and to affairs t#e order. EDon't $ress lose to $a! as mu# as $ossible fast deli+er! of t#e goods. u8888u addresses and whU Ei.e. deli+eries no" idential for t#e lear reasons. After t#e order to !ou is made "ill send t#e letter "#ere "ill tell t#at !ou need to be alled or to !ou "ill all, t#erefore be online Edon't forget about time ones. f !ou an't tal on eng 8 as silled
hqU‡. After s#ool 8Kello. M! name is ?om. Ko" are !ou8 8 "it# nast! ‹hQ aent !ou "ill send Uvp Furt#er if b! $#one !ou #a+e onfirmed t#e order suessfull!, to !ou "ill gi+e ?ra number on "#i# it "ill be +isible Et#roug# a site q in ertain setion as "ell as "#ere no" t#e goods and "#en it "ill reei+e h. E>! t#e "a! ne+er all in q if !ou about it #a+en't ased 8 VBpU it is guaranteed. ?#en "or h, #e is neessar! for alling hv "it# to instrut "#ere to send t#e goods, "#at ser+ie et. 8 it is $ossible to send t#e goods on t#e bu!er, some #ome send t#emsel+es Y ?#is !our business alread!. Good lu. >asi D Maing ]??ORA^ "ill first run do"n t#e t#ings t#at !ou "ill need. am going to tell !ou "#at !ou need to mae a $rofessional looing state dri+er lisene, !ou ma! not need all of t#is but it is "#at is needed to mae it loo real if !ou don*t use somet#ing t#at tell !ou to it*s !our all, !our D ma! end u$ looing different t#an it s#ould. Œ P#oto editing soft"are E $ersonall! suggest Adobe P#otos#o$ W.H or abo+e Œ Prior no"ledge of P#otos#o$ is a must Œ State identifiation tem$late Œ A sanner if !ou need to san a $#oto of !ourself Œ C$son $rinter E9 or 9H or a laser $rinter Œ aminator Œ ?eslin E?!$e of teslin de$ends on "#at ind of $rinter !ou #a+e Œ Magstri$ enoder Enot a nesseit! but to mae a $rofessional identifiation ard it is needed ?#e!*re ma! be ot#er su$$lies t#at !ou need de$ending on "#at state !ou do, and if it #as a #ologram, t#at "ill be e4$lained later in t#e artile. Oa! t#e first ste$ "ould be to get a tem$late, t#ese are readil! a+ailable in more t#an one $lae F !ou no" "#ere to loo. Me being t#e nie gu! t#at am "ill #el$ !ou "it# t#at fator. ust sear# a sear# engine Egoogle8 """.google.om or an! $$ $rogram s#ould be more t#an suffiient, ot#er"ise !ou ma! no" somebod! "#o "ill sell t#em to !ou or trade t#em. ?#ere are of ourse ot#er o$tions, !ou an mae !our o"n, "#i# of ourse entails tedious "or, taing da!s or e+en "ees. Or !ou ould san an D t#at !ou alread! #a+e and edit it t#at "a!. Oa! so let*s sa! !ou #a+e !our tem$late and !ou #a+e $#otos#o$, it*s time to get rain*. So !ou need to o$en u$ $#otos#o$, and start editing !our information. Get !our $iture in t#e bo4 and resie t#e image so !ou an $rint. 3#en it omes time to $rint it ma! be a bit diffiult. am going to assume t#at !ou are using single sided ?eslin. )ou "ill first need to find t#e oated side of t#e ?eslin $a$er, no" t#is ma! tae a little bit of e4$eriene to figure it out. ?#e orret side is a bit smoot#er t#an t#e ot#er. ust $ut it in bet"een !ou fingers and rub t#e $a$er until !ou figure out "#at side is smoot#er, if !ou ant figure it out it*s not a $roblem, !ou*+e got a 7H #ane of getting it rig#t.
)ou "ill no" "eat#er or not it "as rig#t after !ou $rint for ob+ious reasons, t#e in "ill bleed and loo reall! bad. n "#i# ase !ou :ust fli$ it o+er and $rint it on anot#er $osition on t#e teslin. After !ou #a+e t#e rig#t side $ied out , !ou mig#t "ant to mar t#e orner "it# a $en. ?#en $lae t#e teslin in t#e $rinter so t#at it "ill $rint on t#e orret side @onfiguring t#e 9u$ ?em$late =o" t#at !ou are read! to $rint, !ou "ill need t#e 9u$ ?eslin ?em$late. )ou an do"nload it #ere. After !ou do"nload it, uni$ it and o$en it in P#otos#o$. O$en !our finis#ed tem$late as "ell. >efore !ou an $rint, !ou need to #e t#e resolution of t#e tem$ !ou are using and mat# t#e 9u$ tem$'s resolution to it. ?o do t#is, li on t#e "indo" of !our tem$late to mae it ati+e, go to t#e mage menu and li mage Sie. oo at t#e Resolution. t s#ould #a+e a number lie 1HH $i4els6in#. ?#at is t#e DP of t#e tem$ !ou are using. =o", s"it# o+er to t#e 9u$ tem$ t#at !ou s#ould alread! #a+e o$en. Go ba to mage Sie under t#e mage menu. Mae sure t#e Resolution is t#e same bet"een t#e t"o tem$s. ?#e 9u$ tem$ #a+e #osted #ere on t#is site is alread! in 1HH DP, but if !ou #a+e do"nloaded it from some"#ere else in t#e $ast Esu# as >rainstorm D Su$$l!, it ma! be in WHH. f it is not t#e same, t!$e in t#e number it s#ould be and li O<. P#otos#o$ "ill t#en on+ert t#e 9u$ tem$ to t#e orret resolution. @o$!ing and Pasting on to t#e 9u$ ?em$late Ati+ate t#e "indo" of !our front tem$late in P#otos#o$. nder t#e Selet menu, li All. Go to t#e Cdit menu and li @o$! Merged. )ou s#ould o$! it merged sine !ou "on't need all t#ose la!ers :ust to $rint. S"it# o+er to t#e 9u$ tem$ and go ba to t#e Cdit menu and li Paste. )ou s#ould no" #a+e a ne" la!er in t#e 9u$ tem$ ontaining !our front tem$. Selet t#at la!er Eif it isn't alread! seleted in t#e a!ers "indo". Selet t#e Mo+e tool b! eit#er liing on it in t#e ?ools $alette or b! $ressing I. t "ill #el$ if !ou #e t#e bo4 ne4t to S#o" >ounding >o4 at t#e to$. f !ou don't see t#is o$tion, go to t#e 3indo" menu and li O$tions. ?#ere are 9 retangles on t#e 9u$ tem$ E#ene t#e name. Deide "#ere !ou "ant to $rint t#e front of t#e liense. 3#en '+e got a blan s#eet of ?eslin, start b! $rinting t#e front in t#e to$ left. Mo+e t#e la!er to t#e retangle "#ere !ou "ant it to $rint. Do t#is b! sim$l! dragging it "it# t#e Mo+e tool. t s#ould sna$ into $lae inside t#e retangle. Ko$efull!, it "ill be t#e orret sie, but if it isn't !ou ma! need to resie it to fit inside t#e retangle b! dragging t#e borders. Remember #o" !ou #eed t#e S#o" >ounding >o4 o$tion8 ?#is is "#!. Ad:usting Print Settings @li Print under t#e File menu. @li Pro$erties. =o" !ou must ad:ust t#e $rint settings to mat# t#e $rinter and t#e ?eslin Esingle or double sided. Kere are some settings t#at reommend for t#e $rinter
t#at use% C$son 9H - Single Sided ?eslin - Front% Z nder Mode, @#oose @ustom Z @li Ad+aned Z Media ?!$e% P#oto Pa$er Z n% @olor Z Print ualit!% P#oto - 99Hd$i Z @olor Management% =o @olor Ad:ustment Z n#e Cdge Smoot#ing Z n#e C$son =atural @olor C$son 9H - Single Sided ?eslin - >a% Z nder Mode, @#oose @ustom Z @li Ad+aned Z Media ?!$e% Matte Pa$er - Kea+!"eig#t Z n% >la Z Print ualit!% P#oto - 155Hd$i Z @olor Management% =o @olor Ad:ustment Z n#e Cdge Smoot#ing Z n#e C$son =atural @olor C$son @9 - aser ?eslin - Front% Z @#oose Matte Pa$er - Kea+!"eig#t Z @#oose P#oto RPM Z n#e all $rint o$tions e4e$t Su$erMiro"ea+e Z Selet P#otoCn#ane Z Set ?one eual to Ii+id Z Set Cffet to Kig# S#ar$ness Z ?urn Digital @amera @orretion off C$son @9 - aser ?eslin - >a EAssuming t#e ba is onl! bla, if not use t#e front settings% Z @#oose Matte Pa$er - Kea+!"eig#t Z @#oose >est P#oto Z @#e >la n Onl! Z n#e Cdge Smoot#ing Printing t#e Front After !ou'+e ad:usted t#e settings to !our liing, it's time to finis# u$ and $rint t#e front. )ou s#ould still #a+e t#e Print "indo" o$en, but if not go ba to Print under t#e File menu. =o" all t#at is left to do is li O<. ust sit ba and "ait beause it "ill tae a fe" minutes. After it's done $rinting, let it dr! for a ou$le of minutes before !ou tou# it. )ou "ouldn't "ant to smear t#e in on t#at great looing no+elt! !ou :ust $rinted, "ould !ou8 Printing t#e >a =o" it's time to do t#e ba. ?#e $roedure is nearl! t#e same as $rinting t#e front. ?#e onl! differenes are "#ere !ou $lae t#e ba tem$ la!er on t#e 9u$ tem$ to $rint, t#e side of t#e ?eslin !ou $rint on, and Eif !ou are using single sided ?eslin t#e $rint settings t#at !ou use. Follo" t#e ste$s in t#is guide t#e same "a! !ou did for t#e front, until t#e $art about $laing t#e la!er on t#e 9u$ tem$ to $rint. )ou "ill "ant to $ut t#e ba tem$ in t#e retangle t#at "as to t#e rig#t or left of t#e retangle !ou $rinted t#e front tem$ from. For e4am$le, !ou $rinted t#e front tem$ b! $laing it in t#e to$ left retangle on t#e 9u$ tem$. n t#is ase, !ou'll "ant to $ut t#e ba tem$ in t#e to$ rig#t retangle. )ou "ill need to fli$ o+er t#e ?eslin so t#at t#e ba "ill $rint on t#e o$$osite side of t#e front. se !our
ommon sense, and t#in about #o" t#e $rinter feeds t#e $a$er t#roug#. Ad:ust t#e $rint settings if !ou are using single sided ?eslin, or for double sided, #e to mae sure t#e! are still t#e same. =o" !ou are read! to $rint it. f !ou did e+er!t#ing rig#t, !ou s#ould end u$ "it# a front and ba t#at loo great and are aligned $erfetl! Eor at least +er! lose ?#e follo"ing information "as borro"ed from an artile "ritten b! ?#e erm ?#is is a basi guide to enoding t#e magstri$e on dri+er lienses6D*s. First, !ou need to #a+e an MSRHW magstri$e enoder. f !ou don't #a+e one alread! !ou an find t#em easil! t#roug# an internet sear# or e>a!. t'll run !ou about WHH. Oa!, no" !ou need some soft"are. )ou an do"nload m! $rogram for free at #tt$%66t#e:erm.Hat#.om. "on't o+er #o" to use t#e soft"are #ere. t's $rett! selfe4$lanator! but if !ou run into an! $roblems :ust read t#e readme.t4t file t#at omes "it# it. Dri+er iense6D Cnoding f !ou "ant to enode an D t#ere are t"o "a!s to go about it% 1. )ou an read t#e magstri$e from a real D and t#en manuall! edit t#e tras. Kere's an e4am$le of tra 1 from an Ariona liense% AJPKOC=_ŽADAMSOK==@)Ž1522 = CM S?AP? 2Ž =o", if !our name is oe >lo" and !ou li+e at 12 Fae St. in ?uson !ou ould easil! #ange it to% AJ?@SO=Ž>O3OCŽ12 FAR=GR= ?ra 1% AJPKOC=_ŽADAMSOK==@)Ž1522 = CM S?AP? 2Ž AJ State Abbre+iation. Fi4ed lengt# of #araters. PKOC=_ @it!. Ma4imum lengt# is 12 #araters. f it! is less t#an 12 #araters it must be follo"ed b! Ž field se$arator. f it! is more t#an 12 #araters it is trunated to 12. =o Ž needed if it! is 12 #araters long. C4am$les% PKOC=_Ž SA=?A >AR>ARA SA= S O>S ESan uis Obis$o ADAMSOK==@) =ame. Ma4imum lengt# is 27 #araters. f less t#an 27, must be follo"ed b! Ž field se$arator. Ca# name is se$arated b! . Format is AS?FRS?MDDC or
AS?FRS? if no middle name is used. 1522 = CM S?AP? 2 Address. Ma4imum lengt# is \\ minus t#e total number of #araters of @it! [ =ame fields. is used to se$arate address lines. f address is less t#an X #araters it must be follo"ed b! Ž field se$arator. ?ra % W2WHWH5H1257W\Y29H\1X9HH\11Y W2WHW ssuer dentifiation =umber E=. C+er! state #as a uniue =. = is W digits long and starts "it# W2W. A list of some of t#e =*s is inluded at t#e end of t#is guide. H5H1257W\ iense6D =umber. Ma4imum lengt# is 12 #araters. f number is longer t#an 12 #araters, e4tra #araters are $laed at end of tra. f liense6D number ontains letters, t#e! are on+erted to -digit number EAYH1, JYW. For e4am$le, t#e sam$le number used "as DH1257W\ but got on+erted to H5H1257W\. iense6D number must al"a!s be follo"ed b! Y field se$arator regardless of lengt#. 29H\ C4$iration Date. Format is ))MM so t#is e4am$le e4$ires in ul! of H29 EAJ lienses e4$ire on W7t# birt#da!. Some states ma! use s$eial odes in $lae of t#e e4$iration mont#. @odes are as follo"s% f MMY\\ t#en liense is non-e4$iring. f MMY99 t#e e4$iration date is after t#e last da! of birt# mont# one !ear from t#e mont# EMM of birt# date and t#e !ear E)) of e4$iration date. f MMYXX t#en t#e e4$iration date is on t#e mont# EMM and da! EDD of birt# date and t#e !ear E)) of e4$iration date. 1X9HH\11 >irt# Date. Format is ))))MMDD so t#is e4am$le is ul! 11, 1X9H. Y iense6D =umber O+erflo". f iense6D number is longer t#an 12 #araters e4tra #araters go #ere, ot#er"ise a Y field se$arator is $laed #ere. ?ra 2% LL97H2 D MWH1197>R=GR= LL nno"n. ?#ese t"o #araters don*t seem to onform to t#e AAMIA standard and t#e standards doument ontradits itself. t*s $robabl! safe to o$! "#ate+er*s in t#is s$ot on a real D. 97H2 - Ji$ @ode. Fi4ed lengt# of 11 #araters. f Ji$ @ode is less t#an 12 #araters add s$aes to mae it 12. D - @lass. Fi4ed lengt# of #araters. f onl! 1 #arater add s$ae. E1H s$aes Restritions. Fi4ed lengt# of 1H #araters. f not $resent fill "it# s$aes. E5 s$aes Cndorsements. Fi4ed lengt# of 5 #araters. f not $resent fill "it# s$aes. M Se4. Fi4ed lengt# of 1 #arater. M for male, F for female. WH1 Keig#t. Fi4ed lengt# of 2 #araters. Feet and in#es. Sam$le is W*10. 197 3eig#t. Fi4ed lengt# of 2 #araters. 3eig#t is in $ounds. f less t#an 1HH lbs. use H for first #arater. >R= Kair @olor. Fi4ed lengt# of 2 #araters. C4am$les are >R=, >=, RCD, ><. GR= C!e @olor. Fi4ed lengt# of 2 #araters. C4am$les are GR=, >, KJ, >R=. ?#ere ma! also be some disretionar! data uniue to ea# state at t#e end of tra 2. One more t#ing,
mae sure !ou set t#e tra format to AAMIA under @ard ?!$es on t#e Settings tab or !ou ma! get an error "#en !ou tr! to "rite to a ard. ssuer dentifiation =umbers Alabama W2WH22 ouisiana W2WHH\ =o+a Sotia W2WH12 Ariona W2WHW Maine W2WH51 O#io W2WH2 Aransas W2WH1 Mar!land W2WHH2 Ola#oma W2WH79 >ritis# @olumbia W2WH9 Massa#usetts W2WHH Ontario W2WH1 @alifornia W2WH15 Mi#igan W2WH2 Oregon W2WHX @olorado W2WHH Minnesota W2WH29 Penns!l+ania W2WH7 @onnetiut W2WHHW Mississi$$i W2WH71 R#ode sland W2WH7 Distrit of @olumbia W2WH52 Missouri W2WH2H Sasat#e"an W2WH55 Dela"are W2WH11 Montana W2WHH9 Sout# @arolina W2WHH7 Florida W2WH1H =ebrasa W2WH75 Sout# Daota W2WH5 Georgia W2WH77 =e+ada W2WH5X ?ennessee W2WH72 Guam W2WH1X =e" >runs"i W2WH1\ S State De$t W2WH\ Ka"aii W2WH5\ =e" Kam$s#ire W2WH2X ?e4as W2WH17 da#o W2WH7H =e" erse! W2WH2W ta# W2WH5H llinois W2WH27 =e" Me4io W2WHHX Iermont W2WH5 ndiana W2WH2\ =e" )or W2WHH1 Iirginia W2WHHH o"a W2WH19 =e"foundland W2WH1W 3as#ington W2WH57
stam$ $roduers an e4am$le of #o" !ou "ant it done, on !our medium of #oie so it omes out rig#t, and not in t#e o$$osite diretion. ?o find t#e stam$ $roduers t#at an tae in sanned images E!our $rinted out #ologram and mae stam$s out of t#em- :ust loo in !our !ello" $ages under NRubber stam$sN and all t#em to mae sure t#e! an do t#is $roess before !ou go. O, so t#at "as t#e eas!, no talent met#od for getting great ualit! rubber stam$s. f !ou are reall! good "6 art t!$e stuff- and "ant a semi-#ard #allenge, goto t#e art de$artment at !our s#ool and indl! as t#e tea#er if t#e! #ad some linoleum-$rint blos t#at !ou ould borro" for a $ro:et- along "it# t#e $ro$er #iling tools to ut out t#e stam$. Getting t#ese items assumes t#at !ou are in #ig#s#ool, and !ou #a+e an art de$t. "6 t#ese su$$lies. f not- !ou ould $robabl! :ust goto an art store and loo for t#e su$$lies !ourself. Eas mentioned abo+e- !ou need a S$eial #ile for linoleum blo ar+ing, and t#e linoleum blo itself alt#oug# '+e ne+er needed to do t#is before- beause 'm still in s#ool =o", "it# !our #ologram image t#at !ou need to $rint out from !our om$uter- ut out t#e $arts of it t#at are olored in "it# an e4ato nife, and lea+e t#e "#ite $arts solid. )ou no" #a+e a stenil, basiall!. Dra" t#is onto t#e linoleum blo, and mae sure t#ings loo good...!ou ma! #a+e to do some of t#e dra"ing "it#out t#e stenil in t#e smaller areas, but its not too diffiult one !ou get t#e #ang of it. After t#is, ar+e out t#e areas on t#e blo "#ere t#ere "as "#ite on t#e original $rintout. suggest using a small tool for t#is- so its easier to get into t#e little noos and rannies of t#e #olo. 3#en !ou get t#e basi outline of e+er!t#ing around !our #olo, !ou no" need to $ut a $+ id, or redit ard sie ob:et o+er t#e #olo and $lae it e4atl! "#ere t#e #olo s#ould be on t#e id, "#en !ou mae it. @ar+e t#is blan area out, being sure not to ut into t#e atual #ologram, and after t#is $art is done, !ou're read! to $ut t#e interferene gold in on Ei suggest $earl-e4 [ boss gloss embossing gel- for stam$s and do t#is b! mi4ing t#e t"o t#ings toget#er, $utting it all on t#e ardboard ba of a notboo, maing sure it gets "ell NinedN t#en $laing !our lam, o+erlam, teslin's inside o+er it- so it an be stam$ed, and t#en its read! to go. ?ae note- t#is seond met#od $rett! mu# onl! "ors on t#e = #olo- as its t#e easiest, least om$le4 #olo out t#ere, #o"e+er !ou an also mae !our o"n Noffial-looingN stam$s "it# t#is met#od too. ?#e easiest met#od b! far for using stam$s is to sim$l! #a+e one made at an stam$ s#o$ t#at an mae t#em from sanned images. f !ou arent +er! fammiliar "it# art s#it or linoleum blo $rinting "ould'nt attem$t t#e seond met#od. onl! inluded it beause i "as bored one da! during art, and deided to NtaeN a linoleum blo and t#e #iels, and mae m!self an = #olo. All in all, i $refer t#is met#od o+er P#otoCJ, beause t#e! ome out Kig#-ualit! and all i #a+e to do is $ress do"n t#e
rubber6linolem stam$ on t#e Nin slabN Eba of noteboo and t#en a$$l! it to t#e lam, teslin or o+erlam. #o$e !ou'll at least tr! t#e first met#od, as 'm sure !ou'll find t#at t#e results i ass. realie t#is guide got uite long and a$ologie but #o$ed !ou en:o!ed reading it as mu# as en:o!ed "riting it. "ant to t#an e+er!one "#o eit#er #el$ed "it# t#is te4t, or reated t#e different met#ods e4$lained t#roug#out t#e artile. One again be res$onsible "it# t#e information #eld out in front of !ou. "is# !ou lu "it# "#ate+er t#e future ma! #old for !ou. >reaing ISA P= Ka+e !ou e+er "onder "#at "ould #a$$en if !ou loose !our redit or debit ard and someone finds it. 3ould t#is $erson be able to "it#dra" as# from an A?M guessing, some#o", !our P=8 Moreo+er, if !ou "ere "#o finds someone's ard "ould !ou tr! to guess t#e P= and tae t#e #ane to get some eas! mone!8 Of ourse t#e ans"er to bot# uestions s#ould be NnoN. ?#is "or does not deal "it# t#e seond uestion, it is a matter of $ersonal et#is. Kere"it# tr! to ans"er t#e first uestion. All t#e information used for t#is "or is $ubli and an be freel! found in nternet. ?#e rest is a matter of mat#ematis and $rogramming, t#us "e an learn somet#ing and #a+e some fun. re+eal no serets. Furt#ermore, t#e aim Eand final onlusion of t#is "or is to demonstrate t#at P= algorit#ms are still strong enoug# to $ro+ide suffiient seurit!. 3e all no" te#nolog! is not t#e "ea $oint. ?#is "or anal!es one of t#e most ommon P= algorit#ms, ISA PII, used b! man! A?M ards Eredit and debit ards and tries to find out #o" resistant is to P= guessing attas. >! NguessingN do not mean #oosing a random P= and tr!ing it in an A?M. t is "ell no"n t#at generall! "e are gi+en t#ree onseuti+e trials to enter t#e rig#t P=, if "e fail A?M ee$s t#e ard. As ISA P= is four digit long it's eas! to dedue t#at t#e #ane for a random P= guessing is 261HHHH Y H.HHH2, it seems lo" enoug# to be safe( it means !ou need to loose !our ard more t#an t#ree t#ousand times Eor loosing more t#an t#ree t#ousand ards at t#e same time until t#ere is a reasonable #ane of loosing mone!. 3#at reall! meant b! NguessingN "as breaing t#e P= algorit#m so t#at gi+en an! ard !ou an immediatel! no" t#e assoiated P=. ?#erefore t#is doument studies t#at $ossibilit!, anal!ing t#e algorit#m and $ro$osing a met#od for t#e atta. Finall! "e gi+e a tool "#i# im$lements t#e atta and $resent results about t#e estimated #ane to brea t#e s!stem. =ote t#at as long as ot#er baning seurit! related algorit#ms Eot#er P= formats su# as >M P= or ard +alidation signatures su# as @II or @I@ are similar to ISA P=, t#e same anal!sis an be done !ielding nearl! t#e same results and onlusions. ISA PII algorit#m One of t#e most ommon P= algorit#ms is t#e ISA P= Ierifiation Ialue EPII. ?#e
ustomer is gi+en a P= and a magneti stri$e ard. Cnoded in t#e magneti stri$e is a four digit number, alled PII. ?#is number is a r!$togra$#i signature of t#e P= and ot#er data related to t#e ard. 3#en a user enters #is6#er P= t#e A?M reads t#e magneti stri$e, enr!$ts and sends all t#is information to a entral om$uter. ?#ere a trial PII is om$uted using t#e ustomer entered P= and t#e ard information "it# a r!$togra$#i algorit#m. ?#e trial PII is om$ared "it# t#e PII stored in t#e ard, if t#e! mat# t#e entral om$uter returns to t#e A?M aut#oriation for t#e transation. See in more detail. ?#e desri$tion of t#e PII algorit#m an be found in t"o douments lined in t#e $re+ious $age. n summar! it onsists in t#e enr!$tion of a 9 b!te EW5 bit string of data, alled ?ransformed Seurit! Parameter E?SP, "it# DCS algorit#m EDCA in Cletroni @ode >oo mode EC@> using a seret W5 bit e!. ?#e PII is deri+ed from t#e out$ut of t#e enr!$tion $roess, "#i# is a 9 b!te string. ?#e four digits of t#e PII Efrom left to rig#t orres$ond to t#e first four deimal digits Efrom left to rig#t of t#e out$ut from DCS "#en onsidered as a 1W #e4adeimal #arater E1W 4 5 bit Y W5 bit string. f t#ere are no four deimal digits among t#e 1W #e4adeimal #araters t#en t#e PII is om$leted taen Efrom left to rig#t non deimal #araters and deimaliing t#em b! using t#e on+ersion AH, >-1, @-, D-2, C-5, F-7. Kere is an e4am$le% Out$ut from DCS% HFA>X@DCFFC\D@>A PII% HX\7 ?#e strateg! of a+oiding deimaliation b! si$$ing #araters until four deimal digits are found E"#i# #a$$ens to be nearl! all t#e times as "e "ill see belo" is +er! le+er beause it a+oids an im$ortant bias in t#e distribution of digits "#i# #as been $ro+en to be fatal for ot#er s!stems, alt#oug# t#e im$at on t#is s!stem "ould be mu# lo"er. See also a related $roblem not a$$l!ing to ISA PII. ?#e ?SP, seen as a 1W #e4adeimal #arater EW5 bit string, is formed Efrom left to rig#t "it# t#e 11 rig#tmost digits of t#e PA= Eard number e4luding t#e last digit E#e digit, one digit from 1 to W "#i# selets t#e seret enr!$ting e! and finall! t#e four digits of t#e P=. Kere is an e4am$le% PA=% 125 7W\9 XH1 2557
summar! see ASC@ memo and for t#e dirt! details see >i#am & S#amir 1XXH, >i#am & S#amir 1XX1, Matsui 1XX2, >i#am & >ir!uo+ 1XX5 and Ke!s HH1. ?#e e! seletor digit "as +er! liel! introdued to o+er t#e $ossibilit! of a e! om$romise. n t#at ase t#e! :ust #a+e to issue ne" ards using anot#er e! seletor. Older ards an be substituted "it# ne" ones or sim$l! t#e A?M an trans$arentl! "rite a ne" PII Eorres$onding to t#e ne" e! and ee$ing t#e same P= ne4t time t#e ustomer uses #is6#er ard. For t#e s#ae of seurit! all users s#ould be ased to #ange t#eir P=s, #o"e+er it "ould be embarrassing for t#e ban to e4$lain t#e reason, so +er! liel! t#e! "ould not mae su# reuest. Pre$aring t#e atta A brute fore atta onsists in enr!$ting a ?SP "it# no"n PII using all $ossible enr!$ting e!s and om$are ea# obtained PII "it# t#e no"n PII. 3#en a mat# is found "e #a+e a andidate e!. >ut #o" man! e!s "e #a+e to tr!8 As "e said abo+e t#e e! is W5 bit long, t#is "ould mean "e #a+e to tr! ŽW5 e!s. Ko"e+er t#is is not true. Atuall! onl! 7W bits are effeti+e in DCS e!s beause one bit Et#e least signifiant out of ea# otet "as #istoriall! reser+ed as a #esum for t#e ot#ers( in $ratie t#ose 9 bits Eone for ea# of t#e 9 otets are ignored. ?#erefore t#e DCS e! s$ae onsists of Ž7W e!s. f "e tr! all t#ese e!s "ill "e find one and onl! one mat#, orres$onding to t#e ban seret e!8 @ertainl! not. 3e "ill obtain man! mat#ing e!s. ?#is is beause t#e PII is onl! a small $art Eone fourt# of t#e DCS out$ut. Furt#ermore t#e PII is degenerated beause some of t#e digits Et#ose bet"een H and 7 after t#e last, seen from left to rig#t, digit bet"een W and X ma! ome from a deimal digit or from a deimalied #e4adeimal digit of t#e DCS out$ut. ?#us man! e!s "ill $rodue a DCS out$ut "#i# !ields to t#e same mat#ing PII. ?#en "#at an "e do to find t#e real e! among t#ose ot#er false $ositi+e e!s8 Sim$l! "e #a+e to enr!$t a seond different ?SP, also "it# no"n PII, but using onl! t#e andidate e!s "#i# ga+e a $ositi+e mat#ing "it# t#e first ?SP-PII $air. Ko"e+er t#ere is no guarantee "e "on't get again man! false $ositi+es along "it# t#e true e!. f so, "e "ill need a t#ird ?SP-PII $air, re$eat t#e $roess and so on. >efore "e start our atta "e #a+e to no" #o" man! ?SP-PII $airs "e "ill need. For t#at "e #a+e to alulate t#e $robabilit! for a random DCS out$ut to !ield a mat#ing PII :ust b! #ane. ?#ere are se+eral "a!s to alulate t#is number and #ere "ill use a sim$le a$$roa# eas! to understand but "#i# reuires some baground in mat#ematis of $robabilit!. A $robabilit! an al"a!s be seen as t#e ratio of fa+orable ases to $ossible ases. n our $roblem t#e number of $ossible ases is gi+en b! t#e $ermutation of 1W elements Et#e H to F #e4adeimal digits in a
grou$ of 1W of t#em Et#e 1W #e4adeimal digits of t#e DCS out$ut. ?#is is gi+en b! 1WŽ1W 1.9 Z 1HŽ1X "#i# of ourse oinides "it# ŽW5 Edifferent numbers of W5 bits. ?#is set of numbers an be se$arated into fi+e ategories% 1. ?#ose "it# at least four deimal digits EH to X among t#e 1W #e4adeimal digits EH to F of t#e DCS out$ut. . ?#ose "it# e4atl! onl! t#ree deimal digits. 2. ?#ose "it# e4atl! onl! t"o deimal digits. 5. ?#ose "it# e4atl! onl! one deimal digit. 7. ?#ose "it# no deimal digits Eall bet"een A and F. et's alulate #o" man! numbers fall in ea# ategor!. f "e label t#e 1W #e4adeimal digits of t#e DCS out$ut as _1 to _1W t#en "e an label t#e first four deimal digits of an! gi+en number of t#e first ategor! as _i, _:, _ and _l. ?#e number of different ombinations "it# t#is $rofile is gi+en b! t#e $rodut W i-1 Z 1H Z W:-i-1 Z 1H Z W-:-1 Z 1H Z W l--1 Z 1H Z 1W1W-l "#ere t#e W's ome from t#e number of $ossibilities for an A to F digit, t#e 1H's ome from t#e $ossibilities for a H to X digit, and t#e 1W omes from t#e $ossibilities for a H to F digit. =o" t#e total numbers in t#e first ategor! is sim$l! gi+en b! t#e summation of t#is $rodut o+er i, :, , l from 1 to 1W but "it# i : l. f !ou do some mat# "or !ou "ill see t#is euals to t#e $rodut of 1H56W "it# t#e summation o+er i from 5 to 1W of Ei-1 Z Ei- Z Ei-2 Z Wi-5 Z 1W 1W-i 1.9 Z 1H1X. Analogousl! t#e number of ases in t#e seond ategor! is gi+en b! t#e summation o+er i, :, from 1 to 1W "it# i : of t#e $rodut Wi-1 Z 1H Z W:-i-1 Z 1H Z W-:-1 Z 1H Z W1W- "#i# !ou an "or it out to be 1WL6E2L Z E1W-12L Z 1H2 Z W 12 Y 1W Z 17 Z 156E2 Z Z 1H2 Z W12 Y 7W Z 1H5 Z W12 \.2 Z 1H17. Similarl! for t#e t#ird ategor! "e #a+e t#e summation o+er i, : from 1 to 1W "it# i : of W i-1 Z 1H Z W:i-1 Z 1H Z W1W-: "#i# euals to 1WL6EL Z E1W-15L Z 1H Z W15 Y Z 1H2 Z W17 X.5 Z 1H15. Again, for t#e fourt# ategor! "e #a+e t#e summation o+er i from 1 to 1W of Wi-1 Z 1H Z W1W-i Y 1WH Z W17 \.7 Z 1H12. And finall! t#e amount of ases in t#e fift# ategor! is gi+en b! t#e $ermutation of si4 elements EA to F digits in a grou$ of 1W, t#at is, W1W .9 Z 1H1. #o$e !ou follo"ed t#e alulations u$ to t#is $oint, t#e #ard $art is done. =o" as a $roof t#at e+er!t#ing is rig#t !ou an sum t#e number of ases in t#e 7 ategories and see it euals t#e total number of $ossible ases "e alulated before. Do t#e o$erations using W5 bit numbers or rounding Efor floats or o+erflo" Efor integers errors "on't let !ou get t#e e4at result. $ to no" "e #a+e alulated t#e number of $ossible ases in ea# of t#e fi+e ategories, but "e are interested in obtaining t#e number of fa+orable ases instead. t is +er! eas! to deri+e t#e latter from t#e former as t#is is :ust fi4ing t#e ombination of t#e four deimal digits Eor t#e reuired #e4adeimal digits if t#ere are no four deimal digits of t#e PII instead of letting t#em free. n $ratie t#is means turning
t#e 1H's in t#e formula abo+e into 1's and t#e reuired amount of W's into 1's if t#ere are no four deimal digits. ?#at is, "e #a+e to di+ide t#e first result b! 1H5, t#e seond one b! 1H2 Z W, t#e t#ird one b! 1H Z W , t#e fourt# one b! 1H Z W2 and t#e fift# one b! W5 . ?#en t#e number of fa+orable ases in t#e fi+e ategories are a$$ro4imatel! 1.9 Z 1H17, 1. Z 1H1, .W Z 1H11 , 2.7 Z 1H1H, . Z 1HX res$eti+el!. =o" "e are able to obtain "#at is t#e $robabilit! for a DCS out$ut to mat# a PII b! #ane. 3e :ust #a+e to add t#e fi+e numbers of fa+orable ases and di+ide it b! t#e total number of $ossible ases. Doing t#is "e obtain t#at t#e $robabilit! is +er! a$$ro4imatel! H.HHH1 or one out of ten t#ousand. s it strange t#is "ell rounded result8 =ot at all, :ust #a+e a loo at t#e numbers "e alulated abo+e. ?#e first ategor! dominates b! se+eral orders of magnitude t#e number of fa+orable and $ossible ases. ?#is is rat#er intuiti+e as it seems lear t#at it is +er! unliel! not #a+ing four deimal digits E1H #anes out of 1W $er digit among 1W #e4adeimal digits. 3e sa" $re+iousl! t#at t#e relations#i$ bet"een t#e number of $ossible and fa+orable ases in t#e first ategor! "as a di+ision b! 1HŽ5, t#at's "#ere our result $ Y H.HHH1 omes from. Our aim for all t#ese alulations "as to find out #o" man! ?SP-PII $airs "e need to arr! a suessful brute fore atta. =o" "e are able to alulate t#e e4$eted number of false $ositi+es in a first sear#% it "ill be t#e number of trials times t#e $robabilit! for a single random false $ositi+e, i.e. t Z $ "#ere t Y Ž7W, t#e sie of t#e e! s$ae. ?#is amounts to a$$ro4imatel! \. Z 1HŽ1, a rat#er big number. ?#e e4$eted number of false $ositi+es in t#e seond sear# Erestrited to t#e $ositi+e e!s found in t#e first sear# "ill be Et Z $ Z $, for a t#ird sear# "ill be EEt Z $ Z $ Z $ and so on. ?#us for n sear#es t#e e4$eted number of false $ositi+es "ill be t Z $Žn. 3e an obtain t#e number of sear#es reuired to e4$et :ust one false $ositi+e b! e4$ressing t#e euation t Z $Žn Y 1 and sol+ing for n. So n euals to t#e logarit#m in base $ of 16t, "#i# b! $ro$erties of logarit#ms it !ields n Y logE16t6logE$ 5.. Sine "e annot do a frational sear# it is on+enient to round u$ t#is number. ?#erefore "#at is t#e e4$eted number of false $ositi+es if "e $erform fi+e sear#es8 t is t Z $Ž7 H.HHH\ or a$$ro4imatel! 1 out of 15HH. ?#us using fi+e ?SP-PII $airs is safe to obtain t#e true seret e! "it# no false $ositi+es. ?#e atta One "e no" "e need fi+e ?SP-PII $airs, #o" do "e get t#em8 Of ourse "e need at least one ard "it# no"n P=, and due to t#e nature of t#e PII algorit#m, t#at's t#e onl! t#ing "e need. 3it# ot#er P= s!stems, su# as >M, "e "ould need fi+e ards, #o"e+er t#is is not neessar! "it# ISA PII algorit#m. 3e :ust #a+e to read t#e magneti stri$e and t#en #ange t#e P= four times but reading t#e ard after ea# #ange.
t is neessar! to read t#e magneti stri$e of t#e ard to get t#e PII and t#e enr!$ting e! seletor. )ou an bu! a ommerial magneti stri$e reader or mae one !ourself follo"ing t#e instrutions !ou an find in t#e $re+ious $age and lins t#erein. One !ou #a+e a reader see t#is desri$tion of standard magneti tras to find out #o" to get t#e PII from t#e data read. n t#at doument t#e PII field in tras 1 and is said to be fi+e #arater long, but atuall! t#e true PII onsists of t#e last four digits. ?#e first of t#e fi+e digits is t#e e! seletor. #a+e onl! seen ards "it# a +alue of 1 in t#is digit, "#i# is onsistent "it# t#e standard and "it# t#e seret e! ne+er being om$romised Eand t#erefore t#e! did not need to mo+e to anot#er e! #anging t#e seletor. did a sim$le @ $rogram, get$++e!., to $erform t#e atta. t onsists of a loo$ to tr! all $ossible e!s to enr!$t t#e first ?SP, if t#e deri+ed PII mat#es t#e true PII a ne" ?SP is tried, and so on until t#ere is a mismat#, in "#i# ase t#e e! is disarded and a ne" one is tried, or t#e fi+e deri+ed PIIs mat# t#e orres$onding true PIIs, in "#i# ase "e an assume "e got t#e ban seret e!, #o"e+er t#e loo$ goes on until it e4#austs t#e e! s$ae. ?#is is done to assure "e find t#e true e! beause t#ere is a #ane Ealt#oug# +er! lo" t#e first e! found is a false $ositi+e. t is e4$eted t#e $rogram "ould tae a +er! long time to finis# and to minimie t#e riss of a $o"er ut, om$uter #ang out, et. it does #e$oints into t#e file get$++e!.dat from time to time Et#e e4at time de$ends on t#e s$eed of t#e om$uter, it's around one #our for t#e fastest om$uters no" in use. For t#e same reason if a $ositi+e e! is found it is "ritten on t#e file get$++e!.e!. ?#e $rogram onl! dis$la!s one message at t#e beginning, t#e starting $osition taen from t#e #e$oint file if an!, after t#at not#ing more is dis$la!ed. ?#e DCS algorit#m is a e! $oint in t#e $rogram, it is t#erefore +er! im$ortant to o$timie its s$eed. tested se+eral im$lementations% libdes, SSea!, o$enssl, r!$tlib, nss, libgr!$t, ataomb, libtomr!$t, r!$to$$, uf-r!$t. ?#e DCS funtions of t#e first four are based on t#e same ode b! Cri )oung and is t#e one "#i# $erformed best Einludes o$timied @ and 49W assembler ode. ?#us #ose libdes "#i# "as t#e original im$lementation and ondensed all rele+ant ode in t#e files enr!$t. E@ +ersion and 49Wenr!$t.s E49W assembler +ersion. ?#e ode is slig#tl! modified to a#ie+e some en#anements in a brute fore atta% t#e initial $ermutation is a fi4ed ommon stee$ in ea# ?SP enr!$tion and t#erefore an be made :ust one time at t#e beginning. Anot#er im$ro+ement is t#at "rote a om$letel! ne" sete! funtion E alled it ne4te! "#i# is o$timum for a brute fore loo$. ?o get t#e $rogram "oring !ou :ust #a+e to t!$e in t#e orres$onding $lae fi+e ?SPs and t#eir PIIs and t#en om$ile it. #a+e tested it onl! in =_ $latforms, using t#e maefile Maeget$++e! to om$ile Euse t#e ommand Nmae -f Maeget$++e!N. t ma! om$ile on ot#er s!stems
but !ou ma! need to fi4 some t#ings. >e sure t#at t#e definition of t#e t!$e longW5 orres$onds to a W5 bit integer. n $rini$le t#ere is no de$endene on t#e endianness of t#e $roessor. #a+e suessfull! om$iled and run it on Pentium-inu4, Al$#a-?ruW5, Mi$s-ri4 and S$ar-Solaris. f !ou do not #a+e and do not "ant to install inu4 E!ou don't no" "#at !ou are missing (- !ou still #a+e t#e #oie to run inu4 on @D and use m! $rogram, see m! $age running inu4 "it#out installing it. One !ou #a+e found t#e seret ban e! if !ou "ant to find t#e P= of an arbitrar! ard !ou :ust #a+e to "rite a similar $rogram Esorr! #a+e not "ritten it, 'm too la! t#at "ould tr! all 1HŽ5 P=s b! generating t#e orres$onding ?SP, enr!$ting it "it# t#e Eno longer seret e!, deri+ing t#e PII and om$aring it "it# t#e PII in t#e magneti stri$e of t#e ard. )ou "ill get one mat# for t#e true P=. Onl! one mat#8 Remember "#at "e sa" abo+e, "e #a+e a #ane of H.HHH1 t#at a random enr!$tion mat#es t#e PII. 3e are tr!ing 1HHHH P=s Eand t#erefore ?SPs t#us "e e4$et 1HHHH Z H.HHH1 Y 1 false $ositi+e on a+erage. ?#is is a +er! interesting result, it means t#at, on a+erage, ea# ard #as t"o +alid P=s% t#e ustomer P= and t#e e4$eted false $ositi+e. all it NfalseN but note t#at as long as it generates t#e true PII it is a P= as +alid as t#e ustomer's one. Furt#ermore, t#ere is no "a! to no" "#i# is "#i#, e+en for t#e A?M( onl! ustomer no"s. C+en if t#e false $ositi+e "ere not +alid as P=, !ou still #a+e t#ree trials at t#e A?M an!"a!, enoug# on a+erage. ?#erefore t#e $robabilit! "e alulated at t#e beginning of t#is doument about random guessing of t#e P= #as to be orreted. Atuall! it is t"ie t#at +alue, i.e., it is H.HHHW or one out of more t#an 1WHH, still safel! lo". Results t is im$ortant to o$timie t#e om$ilation of t#e $rogram and to run it in t#e fastest $ossible $roessor due to t#e long e4$eted run time. found t#at t#e om$iler o$timiation flag -O gets t#e better $erformane, t#oug#t some im$ro+ement is a#ie+ed adding t#e -fomit-frame-$ointer flag on Pentiuminu4, t#e -s$ie flag on Al$#a-?ruW5, t#e -PA flag on Mi$s-ri4 and t#e -fast flag on S$ar-Solaris. S$eial flags E-DDCS…P?R -DDCS…RS@1 -DDCS…RS@ -DDCS…=RO -DASM for t#e DCS ode #a+e generall! benefits as "ell. All t#ese flags #a+e alread! been tested and #ose t#e best ombination for ea# $roessor Esee maefile but !ou an tr! to fine tune ot#er flags. Aording to m! tests t#e best $erformane is a#ie+ed "it# t#e AMD At#lon 1WHH MK $roessor, e4eeding 2.5 million e!s $er seond. nterestingl! it gets better results t#an ntel Pentium I 19HH MK and HHH MK Esee figures belo", li on t#em to enlarge. belie+e t#is is due to some 6O saturation, surel! a#e or memor! aess, t#at t#e AMD $roessor E"#i# #as #alf t#e a#e of t#e Pentium or t#e mot#erboard in "#i# it is running, manages to a+oid. n t#e first figure belo" !ou
an see t#at t#e DCS breaing s$eed of all $roessors #as more or less a linear relations#i$ "it# t#e $roessor s$eed, e4e$t for t#e t"o ntel Pentium mentioned before. ?#is is logial, it means t#at for a double $roessor s$eed !ou'll get double breaing s$eed, but "at# out for saturation effets, in t#is ase it is better t#e AMD At#lon 1WHH MK, "#i# "ill be e+en #ea$er t#an t#e ntel Pentium 19HH MK or HHH MK. n t#e seond figure "e an see in more detail "#at "e "ould all intrinsi DCS brea $o"er of t#e $roessor. get t#is +alue sim$l! di+iding t#e brea s$eed b! t#e $roessor s$eed, t#at is, "e get t#e number of DCS e!s tried $er seond and $er MK. ?#is is a measure of t#e $erformane of t#e $roessor t!$e inde$endentl! of its s$eed. ?#e results s#o" t#at t#e best $roessor for t#is tas is t#e AMD At#lon, t#en omes t#e Al$#a and +er! lose after it is t#e ntel Pentium Ee4e$t for t#e #ig#er s$eed ones "#i# $erform +er! $oor due to t#e saturation effet. =e4t is t#e Mi$s $roessor and in t#e last $lae is t#e S$ar. Some Al$#a and Mi$s $roessors are loated at bottom of sale beause t#e! are earl! releases not inluding en#anements of late +ersions. =ote t#at inluded t#e $erformane of 49W $roessors for @ and assembler ode as t#ere is a big differene. t seems t#at g is not a good generator of o$timied ma#ine ode, but of ourse "e don't no" "#et#er a manual o$timiation of assembler ode for t#e ot#er $roessors EAl$#a, Mi$s, S$ar "ould boost t#eir results om$ared to t#e nati+e @ om$ilers E did not use g for t#ese ot#er $latforms as it #a$$ens "it# t#e 49W $roessor. ?#e to$ mar got running m! $rogram "as a$$ro4imatel! 2 52 X e!s6seond using t#e AMD $roessor. So, #o" mu# time "ould need t#e AMD to brea t#e ISA P=8 t "ould sim$l! be t#e ratio bet"een t#e sie of t#e e! s$ae and t#e e! tr!ing rate, t#at is, Ž7W e!s62 52 X e!s6seond .1 Z 1HŽ1H seonds 55 t#ousand da!s WW\ !ears. ?#is is t#e time for t#e $rogram to finis#, but on a+erage t#e true seret e! "ill be found b! #alf t#at time. sing ommerial r!$togra$#i ards Elie t#e >M P@ @r!$togra$#i @o$roessor or t#e _-@r!$t Cnr!$tion Aelerator does not #el$ +er! mu#, t#e! are, at most, times faster t#an m! to$ mar, i.e. it "ould tae more t#an a #undred !ears to find t#e e!, at best. Some more s$eed mig#t be a#ie+ed Edouble, at most b! using a dediated gigabit IP= bo4 or similar #ard"are in a "a! surel! not foreseen b! t#e manufaturer (- C+en if !ou manage to get a #undred ne"est AMD or Pentium $roessors "oring in $arallel it "ould still tae more t#an 2 !ears to find t#e e! Eif t#e! are $ro+ided "it# r!$toards t#e time mig#t be redued to less t#an t"o !ears or to less t#an one !ear in ase of a #undred gigabit IP= bo4es. t is lear t#at onl! e4$ensi+e dediated #ard"are Eaffordable onl! b! big institutions or a massi+e nternet oo$erati+e atta "ould suess in a reasonable time Ebot# t#ings "ere alread! made. ?#ese are t#e good ne"s. ?#e bad ne"s is t#at #a+e deliberatel! lied a little bit E!ou ma!
alread! notied it% ISA PII algorit#m allo"s for t#e use of tri$le DCS E2-DCS enr!$tion using a 19 bit Eonl! 11 effeti+e enr!$ting e!. f 2-DCS is indeed in use b! t#e PII s!stem !ou an still use t#e same atta but !ou "ould need four additional ?SP-PII $airs Eno $roblem "it# t#at and it "ould tae more t#an 2 Z Ž7W times more to find t#e double lengt# e!. Forget it. PII algorit#m "it# tri$le DCS onsists in t#e enr!$tion of t#e ?SP "it# t#e left #alf of t#e enr!$ting e!, t#en it der!$ts t#e result "it# t#e rig#t #alf of t#e e! and enr!$ts t#e result again "it# t#e left #alf of t#e e!. =ote t#at if !ou use a s!mmetri 19 bit e!, t#at is, t#e left #alf euals t#e rig#t #alf, !ou get a single DCS enr!$tion "it# a single W5 bit e!. n t#is ase t#e algorit#m degenerates into t#e one e4$lained abo+e. ?#at's "#! did t#is "or, beause PII s!stem is old and ma!be "#en it "as im$lanted 2-DCS "as not +iable Edue to #ard"are limitations or it seemed e4essi+e Eb! t#at time to t#e $eo$le res$onsible of t#e im$lementation, so t#at it mig#t be $ossible some bans are using t#e PII algorit#m "it# single DCS enr!$tion. Finall! "e an onlude t#at t#e ISA PII algorit#m as in its general form using 2DCS is rat#er seure. t ma! onl! be broen using s$eiall! designed #ard"are Eim$l!ing an enormous in+ersion and t#us not "ort#, see 3a!ner and 3iener "#i# "ould e4eed t#e enr!$tion rate of t#e ne"est $roessors b! man! orders of magnitude. Ko"e+er t#e a$$arentl! endless e4$onential gro"ing of t#e om$uter a$aities as "ell as t#at of t#e nternet ommunit! maes to t#in t#at PII s!stem mig#t be in real danger "it#in a fe" !ears. Of ourse t#ose bans using PII "it# single DCS Eif an! are alread! under true ris of an nternet oo$erati+e atta. )ou mig#t belie+e t#at is somet#ing +er! #ard to oordinate, mean on+ining $eo$le, but t#in about tro:an and +irus $rograms and !ou "ill see it is not so diffiult to arr! on. @a$turing Signatures for D's P#oto-laminated ds are done "it# a s$eialt! Polaroid amera. As t#is is an older te#nolog!, t#ese ameras turn u$ uite often on Cba!. ?#e means b! "#i# t#ese ameras a$ture !our signature is as follo"s% )ou sign a $iee a $a$er, and t#at $a$er gets $ut into a slot in t#e amera. On t#at $a$er is all !our info, liense number, name, address, e+er!t#ing t#at is e+entuall! going to be $ut on t#e liense. ts all bigger t#an its going to be on !ou liense too. d guess t#e font is about 1 $t t!$e on t#e $a$er !ou sign Eit e+entuall! "inds u$ about X$t on t#e liense So "#en t#e agent sna$s !our $i, t#e! are atuall! taing !our $i and a $i of t#e ard "it# all !our info on it at t#e same time. ?#at results in a $olaroid $i of !our id, "#i# is ut "it# a die utter and laminated. So !our signature is atuall! $#otogra$#ed. Keres #o" get t#e signature on t#e D.
1. Ka+e t#em sign an! $iee of "#ite $a$er. . San it. san at WHHd$i, m! tem$late is 1HHd$i 2. @ro$ as tig#t as !ou an to t#e atuall! signature. 5. @on+ert to gre!sale. Eremo+e olor information 7. @on+ert ba to @M)<. W. Ad:ust e+els. Mae t#e "#ite totall! "#ite "it# t#e #ig#lig#t e!edro$$er. se t#e s#ado" and midtone ad:usters to get t#e signature a little darer Eit $robabl! lig#tened u$ "it# ur first ad:ustment \. @o$! and $aste into !our tem$late. 9. @#ange blending mode for t#e signature la!er to Multi$l!. ?#is maes all t#e "#ite area trans$arent. X. ine u$ o+er sig line and transform to t#e rig#t sie. ?#e to$s of t#e signature letters :ust about tou# t#e bottom line of user info. lur all t#e t!$e la!ers Ee4e$t t#e amera number o+er ur $#oto too "it# a guassian blur filter. blur about .H $i4els on a 1HHd$i tem$. >lur t#e sig to mat#, usuall! a little more t#an t#e t!$e, lie t"ie. =ot#ing $rinted on t#e D is ris$, e4e$t for t#e 2 digit amera number on to$ of !our $i. ?#e #ardest t#ing #a+e "it# = is getting t#e $iture to loo lie a $olaroid $i. ?aing t#e $i "it# a digital amera reates "a! too mu# detail so al"a!s sanned in a $ass$ort $i. Still ouldnt get it $erfet t#oug#. )ou #a+e to remo+e all $ere$tion of de$t#, t#ru blurring, ontrast and #o"e+er else !ou an t#in of. ?#e onl! "a! +e gotten an D to loo e4atl! lie a real one is b! sanning in t#e $i off someones real D. M! friend got a#old of an old DMI amera, so dont #a+e to mae t#em on m! om$ too mu# an!more. O# anot#er t#ing, t#e ba of a = is atuall! $rinted rig#t on t#e lamination, $rinting on a $iee of $a$er ne+er loos rig#t. #a+e some real laminations so ne+er #ad to "orr! about t#at. Dont use brig#t "#ite $a$er for t#e ba eit#er. _ero4 maes olored $a$er, use t#e gre!, its $erfet and !ou an bu! it at offie ma4 Eor offie de$ot, get em onfused @ardable Online asinos list Gambling lins 1Hbet.om 5#bet.om 7dimes.om admiralbet.om
sandiboomaers.om "etten-s#"e#at.at seangra#am.om s!bet.om snais$ort.om s$ortfanati.om s$ortingbet.om s$ortingodds.o.u s$ortingo$tions.o.u sbobet.om s$orts.om s$ortsbetting.om sr+.net s$ort"etten-online.de stan:ames.om stanle!bet.om s"a$bets.om t#ebet. t#egree.om totalbet.om totes$ort.om unibet.om unitedbet.om +itor#andler.om +ierlee.om +iingbet.om +iingbet.om "ett$unt.om "ill#ill.om "inunited.om "orldbet.om "orld"ager.om "se4.om @ardable s#o$s finding Good da! e+er!bod!L *d lie to tal a little about ardable online-s#o$s finding. t "ould be useful for some beginners. So for getting list of s#o$s go to …"".amaon.om and of ourse to e+er!bodie*s fa+orite google.om. 3#en !ou*+e got it #oose "#at !ou need. One !ou*+e #osen !ou need to #e it. suall! t#e! tae some @II*s and tr! to order on #older*s address somet#ing in 2HH-5HH Efor e4am$le PDA, MP2 $la!er or anot#er s#iet lie t#is. Also to a+oid too mu# attention #oose not +er! fast deli+er!, somet#ing not e4$eni+e for 2-5 da!s dela!. And "ait. f later !ou*ll got tra ongratulations, !ou*+e found ardable s#o$. >ut it*s earl! to dane. ?#ere "ould be a lot of $roblems later. For e4am$le s#o$ an reuire all or sans on t#e order "it# amount more 9HH-1HHH due to bad $ro4!, database of bla addresses or enroll of #ea$ ban EFirst for e4am$le . So t#at*s about all for beginners. Furt#er im$ro+e and tr! ne" "a!s t#at*s onl! base ations. @ARDA>C S?CS - K?S? EXH of t#ese s#o$s s#i$ #tt$%66""".ase+alue.om6[email protected]\WH9\2fHa9H19HW56@atalog61H9\ am4ae$ted #tt$%66""".arenaflo"ers.om6gifts6#am$agne…de…+enoge…brut…rose am4 ae$ted
75 CF? C4$ired ard 77 CF? norret P= 7W CF? =o ard reord 7\ CF? ?ransation not $ermitted to ard#older 79 CF? ?ransation not $ermitted on terminal 7X CF? Sus$eted fraud WH CF? @ontat auirer W1 CF? C4eeds "it#dra"al limit W CF? Restrited ard W2 CF? Seurit! +iolation W5 CF? Original amount inorret W7 CF? C4eeds "it#dra"al freuen! WW CF? @all auirer seurit! W\ CF? Kard a$ture W9 CF? Res$onse reei+ed too late \7 CF? P= tries e4eeded \\ CF? nter+ene, ban a$$ro+al reuired \9 CF? nter+ene, ban a$$ro+al reuired for $artial XH CF? @ut-off in $rogress X1 CF? ssuer or s"it# ino$erati+e X CF? Routing Crror X2 CF? Iiolation of la" X5 CF? Du$liate transation X7 CF? Reonile error XW CF? S!stem malfuntion X9 CF? C4eeds @as# limit @arding Dell ?utorial somet#ing to $re$are% 1. Fres# Dro$ Eif ur dro$ is blalist in DC u "on't $ass e+en ur @@ is good . Good @@I Enon-I>I or non-MS@ 2. So 6 IP= 6 SSK 6 IPS Etis not im$ortant, but good so at same state of @@ is better =o", let start% A - f )ou 3ant ?o Mae Onl! Single Order 3it# Single @++ E 3#i# is Ialid and +irgin Ofourse LL 1- first #e t#e and mae sure its Ialid .. #oose )our tem EFast-tra items - @li On Add ?o @art ?#en @#e Out , )ou 3ill >e Prom$ted ?o Sign $ For A =e" ser Or Sign n f )ou Ka+e An C4isting Aount E Sign $ For A =e" Aount 2- Cnter ?#e First And ast =ame For )our Dro$ As ?#e Aount First And ast =ame n ?#e Sign $ Page , Pro+ide A Ialid Cmail address And Pass"ord . 5- )oull >e Redireted ?o ?#e S#i$$ing nfo Page , )oull Find ?#e First =ame and ast =ame Pro+ided n ?#e Sign $ Page Stored ?#ere , ust Add ?#e Address and Ot#er nfo Z=ote % )ou Dont Ka+e ?o Pro+ide A Ialid P#one =umber For S#i$$ing Address , ?#e >illing P#one Also 3ors For S#i$$ing 7- @#oose ?#e Fastest S#i$$ing Met#od E=e4t Da! Air Also nd Da! air "ill "or , but Mae Sure ?#e ?otal Amount Doesnt C4eed 5\H-59H W- On ?#e >illing Page , Remo+e ?#e S#i$$ing nfo Stored . ?#en Add ?#e >illing nfo 3#i# Must >e Same As stored n >an E Mae Sure ?#e @@ s 1HH Ialid ?#e Most MPOR?A=? PAR? KCRC S ?KC >=G PKO=C =M>CR "#i# must be t#e same stored "it# ban o t#e! use t#is number for +erifiation E not alling t#e ard
#older , but to +erif! t#e info "it# ban \- Dont @#oose An! imit n ?#e >illing Page E @#oose%=o imit @li Submit LL >- F )ou ntend ?o se ?#e Same @ard More ?#an One ?o Order More ?#an 1 tem ( ZFirst =ote ?#at ?#is Met#od Ma! Get )ou n ?rouble f )ou Send ?#ese tems ?o )our O"n Kome , Also t#e items Ma! get returned to s#i$$er before )ou Reie+e ?#em . 1- Follo" ?#e 1st Met#od For Ordering Single tem 3it# 1 @ , !oull reie+e emails after ordering E Dell Order Ano"ledgement - Dell Order @onfirmation as soon as )ou Reie+e ?#e Seond Cmail 3#i# s % Dell Order @onfirmation #e t#e order status in 1H - 2H minutes F )ou See Somet#ing ie En-Prodution Or Pre-Prodution Go ?o ?#e =e4t Ste$ . - Mae Anot#er Order and "#i# must not e4eed 59H 2- Follo" All Pre+ious Ste$s E Storing )our @redit @ard nfo 3ill Case ?#e Mission 5- Re$eat ?#is For As Man! ?imes as ?#e imit Of ?#e @@ Allo" . 7- Dont Mae An! Orders f ?#e Pre+ious Order Status snt E n-Prodution OR PreProdution W- f ?#e! Sus$et One Of ?#e Orders ?#e! 3ill @anel All Orders . Ofourse =e4t Da! S#i$$ing Met#od 3ill Derease ?#e @#ane Of Getting tems Returned ?o S#i$$er . ?#ats All , And Cn:o! )our @arding Of DC P6s% 1. if don't "ant to get $roblem "it# I>I or MS@, use olifo4 bro"ser,"it# t#is bro"ser Dell "on't as u for I>I e+en t#oug# !our @@ is I>I, "#ere to get it... Google is ur friend Etr! and see, its m! tri in DC . if !ou reie+e t#e Kold $a!ment emails, don't abandon it, tr! to #at "it# DCll's ustomer ser+ie, and tell t#em u "ant to gi+e ne" @@ for !our order, t#en gi+e t#em ne" @@I infomation Et#is time t#e! don't #e I>I or MS@ 2. "it# m! e4$eriene, find @redit Signature @@, its #a+e more suess @arding Stuffs "it# Pa!Pal Reuired om$onents% 1. Pa!$al ]s [ +erified [ mail [ instant^ . C>a! A@@ "it# good feedbas, $referabl! from 1HH, not an asset E$referabl! W mont#s or more. 2. Good sos Eand better Dediated ser+er 5. enroll FA ard Ser+ies, or sim$l! A@@ FA an be found on t#e lin ibsnetaess.om Eor ot#er suitable "oring "it# e>a! aom$animent% 1. @#anging soa$ on t#eir $re-reation. . Deleting from old e+idene 2. Possible also $ass #ange All letters "ill be sent to !our soa$ 3#at to do "it# enroll% 1.Going to roll, #ange t#e address for loot. .Pus# S#o$ Safe 2.Generating +irtual ards for 2-W bus. 5.3riting number of reeds and Old about it. EAddress loot t#in is alread! t#ere, t#en roll t#e name of t#e Kolder is not in+ol+ed 7.Going on a sti, o$! t#e name of t#e Kolder Ein #and! later.
W.Finding li add or edit redit ard info \. ?r!ing to dri+e t#ere reed "it#out #anging t#e name of t#e Kolder $aragra$#s, but tr!ing to dri+e a mail dro$, t#e one on t#e roll. @ards immediatel! "ill onfirmed. ?otal - "e sti "it# onfirm address loot. =e4t% 1. @#eing mu# sti gi+es send t#roug# instant transfer. e tr!ing to send a 2HH-7HH bus in+ented mail. t#e amount de$ends on t#e material. . O @#eed, for e4am$le sends a 7HH 2. Going on e>a!. @#oose an! $a "it#in t#is amount is absolutel! from an! +endor, at least at t#e s#o$ goes online to e>a!. 5. Pus#ing bu! it no", go to t#e $a!ment before t#e $a!ment t#ere !ou an enter t#e address "#ere to send, and so "e $ress on t#e #ange address nsert t#e name and address of t#e Kolder sti dro$, t#e $#one adding is not neessar!. 7. Pus#ing to $a!. Proeed to a onfirmation $age #arges. W. Pus#ing @onfirm, "ait, a$$ears @#eout om$lete. \. After $a!ment go to t#e Soa$ Kolder, delete t#e letter for $a!ment, adding ;$a!$al.om in bla. read!. "aiting for a tra on t#e soa$ breas t#e tra or in anot#er "a!, faster. as "e #a+e t#e offiial $a!ment s!stem t#roug# e>a!, and not s$lit-"e an see t#e Iie" order details in front of t#e item $ur#ased in bo4 "on Eist $ur#ased. ?ra t#ere "ill be faster. Also $ossible to "or t#roug# t#e ban. A@@. but t#is is a some"#at different to$i. Good u to all arders. @arding ?erms AMIA--Assoiation of Amerian Motor Ie#ile Agenies A@@O=? =M>CR--A uniue seuene of numbers assigned to a ard#older aount t#at identifies t#e issuer and t!$e of finanial transation ard. A@RCR--A liensed member t#at maintains t#e mer#ant relations#i$ and auires t#e data relating to a transation from t#e mer#ant or ard ae$tor and submits t#at data into inter#ange, eit#er diretl! or indiretl!. ADDRCSS ICRF@A?O= SCRI@C--A fraud $re+ention tool designed for mail order, tele$#one order and nternet transations. AM@--Amerian Magnetis @or$oration A?KORJC--A $roess defined in o$erations regulations "#ereb! a transation is a$$ro+ed b! or on be#alf of an issuer( ommonl! understood to be reei+ing a sales +alidation b! t#e mer#ant, b! tele$#one, or aut#oriation terminal. A?OMA?CD ?CCR MA@K=C EA?M--An unattended, magneti stri$e-reading terminal t#at dis$enses as#( ae$ts de$osits and loan $a!ments( enables a ban ustomer to order transfers among aounts and mae aount inuiries. >A=<@ARD--A debit or redit ard issued b! a ban or ot#er finanial institution, su# as a Master@ard ard or Iisa ard. >OMC?R@S-->iometris utilie Nsomet#ing !ou areN to aut#entiate identifiation. ?#is mig#t inlude finger$rints, retina $attern, iris, #and geometr!, +ein
$atterns, +oie $ass"ord, or signature d!namis. >iometris an be used "it# a smart ard to aut#entiate t#e user. ?#e user's biometris information is stored on a smart ard, t#e ard is $laed in a reader, and a biometris sanner reads t#e information to mat# it against t#at on t#e ard. ?#is is a fast, aurate, and #ig#l!-seure form of user aut#entiation. >? E>inar! Digit--?#e smallest unit of information in a binar! s!stem% a 1 or H ondition. >P-->its Per n#. >)?C--A binar! lement string funtioning as a unit. Cig#t-bit b!tes are most ommon. Also alled a N#araterN. >S=CSS @ARD--A >usiness ard is similar to t#e @or$orate ard, but issued to a business "it# a fe" em$lo!ees and "#ere ea# em$lo!ee is res$onsible for t#eir $ur#ases. @ARDKODCR--?#e ustomer to "#om a ard #as been issued or t#e indi+idual aut#oried to use t#e ard. @ARD=G--@redit ard fraud. @arding te4ts offer ad+ie on #o" to mae redit ards, #o" to use t#em, and ot#er"ise e4$loit t#e redit ard s!stem. @ASK DS>RSCMC=?--A transation t#at is $osted to a ard#older's redit ard aount in "#i# t#e ard#older reei+es as# at an A?M, or as# or tra+elers #es at a bran# of a member finanial institution or at a ualified and a$$ro+ed agent of a member finanial institution. @RRS S)S?CM =@ORPORA?CD--A "#oll! o"ned subsidiar! of Master@ard nternational nor$orated, o$erates t#e international A?M s#aring assoiation no"n as N@irrus‘ A?M =et"or.N @CA==G--?#e $roess of e4#anging finanial transation details bet"een an auirer and an issuer to failitate $osting of a ard#older's aount and reoniliation of a ustomer's settlement $osition. @O->RA=DCD @ARD--A redit ard issued b! a member ban and a mer#ant, bearing t#e NbrandN of bot#. @ARDC? @ARDS--?eslin‘-based, @R-9H sie ards "it# a surfae t#at is s$eiall! formulated for t#ermal in:et $rinting. @ardet ns bond to ards and dr! instantl!, "it#out smearing. @ardet ards stand u$ "ell to abrasion, d!e-migration and I fading. @KC@< RCADCR--A $eri$#eral de+ie used to read enoded information on a #e to be transmitted and $roessed b! a om$uter or register for aut#oriation and a$$ro+al. @OCR@I?)--?#e measure of #o" mu# magneti fore is needed to #ange t#e state of a magnetied element. ?#e #ig#er t#e oeri+it!, t#e more fore is needed. ?#ere are t"o t!$es of magneti stri$e ards, lo" oeri+it! and #ig# oeri+it!. 3#ile lo" oeri+it! ards an be erased if t#e! get too lose to a ommon magnet, #ig# oeri+it! ards are not as easil! erased. @OOR MA?@K=G--Se+eral olor mat#ing o$tions are inluded "it# FARGO @ard Printer6Cnoders. ?#ese o$tions are built diretl! into t#e $rinter dri+er so t#e! are easil! seleted. @olors $rint "it# more larit!, detail, and aura!. @OOR MO=?OR--A monitor t#at dis$la!s data and gra$#is in olor. @olor monitors
+ar! in t#e number of olors, dot-$it# and intensities t#e! an $rodue. @OMMPOR?--@ommuniations Port. Most >M om$atible om$uters #a+e from one to four omm$orts used to ommuniate "it# de+ies atta#ed to t#e om$uter E@OM1, @OM, @OM2, @OM5. )ou need a omm$ort to ommuniate "it# t#e \1 Cnoder. @OMM=@A?O= PRO?O@O--?#e rules go+erning t#e e4#ange of information bet"een de+ies on a data lin. @O=?A@? SMAR? @ARD C=@ODCR--?#e ontat smart ard enoder onnets t#e SO ontat $ins mounted on t#e e-ard doing station to a Gem$lus Gem@ore 51H smart ard ou$ler mounted inside t#e $rinter. ?#e Gem@ore 51H's digital 6O is on+erted to a RS-2 signal "#i# is aessible to a$$liation $rograms t#roug# a dediated D>-X $ort on t#e outside of t#e $rinter labeled NSmart @ard.N @O=?A@?CSS SMAR? @ARD C=@ODCR--?#e ontatless smart ard enoder onnets an antenna mounted on t#e e-ard doing station to a Gem$lus GemCas!in W9HS ou$ler mounted inside t#e $rinter6enoder. A$$liation $rograms an aess Mifare‘ ontatless ards +ia a RS-2 signal t#roug# a dediated D>-X $ort on t#e outside of t#e $rinter labeled NMifare6@ontatless.N @O=?RO =M>CRS--Measure ard usage and be used as a traing de+ie if t#e ard is lost. D Ser+ies "ill $rint t#ese on ards after t#e numbers #a+e been su$$lied. @RCD? @ARD A?KORJA?O=--?#e $roess in "#i# a redit ard is ae$ted, read and a$$ro+ed for a sales transation. @redit ard aut#oriation is normall! aom$lis#ed b! reading a redit ared t#roug# a redit ard reader t#at is integrated into a register or stand-alone reading de+ie. Generall!, $ertinent redit information is transmitted +ia a modem and tele$#one line to a redit ard Nlearing#ouseN. ?#e learing #ouse Eaut#oriation soure ommuniates "it# t#e redit ard*s ban for a$$ro+al and t#e a$$ro$riate debit amount of t#e sale. @RCD? @ARD RCADCR EMagneti Stri$e Reader--A de+ie t#at reads t#e magneti stri$e on a redit ard for aount information to automatiall! be $roessed for a transation. A redit ard reader is eit#er integrated into a register, atta#ed onto a register as a se$arate om$onent or is $art of a stand-alone terminal dediated for t#e sole funtion of $roessing redit ard transations. @RSOR--A blining s!mbol on t#e sreen t#at s#o"s "#ere data ma! be entered ne4t. @S?OMCR POC DSPA)--A $eri$#eral de+ie designed to s#o" ustomers information about t#eir transation. ?#is information normall! onsists of a desri$tion and $rie of t#e $rodut t#e! are $ur#asing. @ustomer $ole dis$la!s are also used to dis$la! mareting information and ot#er messages. @OMMCR@A @ARDS--?#is is t#e formal name for a grou$ of ards issued to businesses, ommerial organiations and go+ernments. ?!$es of ommerial ards inlude% @or$orate @ard, Pur#ase @ard, and >usiness @ard. @or$orate ard A @or$orate ard is usuall! issued to t#e em$lo!ees of a or$oration, "#ere t#e or$oration assumes all liabilit! for t#e ard's usage. ?#ese tend to be
to larger or$orations. @RRC=@) @O=ICRSO=--?#e $roess b! "#i# t#e transation urren! is on+erted into t#e urren! of settlement or t#e urren! of t#e issuer for t#e $ur$ose of failitating transation aut#oriation, learing and settlement re$orting. ?#e auirer determines t#e urren! of t#e transation( t#e urren! of t#e issuer is t#e $referred urren! used b! t#e issuer, and most often, t#e urren! in "#i# t#e ard#older "ill be billed. DC>? @ARD--A $lasti ard used to initiate a debit transation. n general, t#ese transations are used $rimaril! to $ur#ase goods and ser+ies and to obtain as#, for "#i# t#e ard#older's asset aount is debited b! t#e issuer DC@ODC--A term used to desribe t#e $roess of inter$reting sanned or NreadN information and $resenting it in a usable fas#ion to t#e om$uter. DC=S?)--Defined in bits $er in# E>P, reording densit! is t#e number of information bits "#i# are reorded on one in# of a magneti stri$. DRC@? ?KCRMA--Diret t#ermal is a $rinting te#nolog! met#od in "#i# t#e $rinter utilies a $a$er t#at reats #emiall! to #eat. ?#e label rolls are oated "it# a t#ermosensiti+e la!er t#at darens "#en e4$osed to intense #eat. Diret t#ermal $rinters reuire no in or ribbon and are t!$iall! used "#en a bar ode label needs to endure for a !ear or less. DRC@?-?O-@ARD ED?@ PR=?=G--?#e Diret-to-@ard $rinting $roess $rints digital images diretl! onto an! $lasti ard "it# a smoot#, lean, gloss! PI@ surfae. DSM @om$atibleN. DO?-MA?R_ PR=?CR--A $rinter t#at forms #araters or images using a matri4 of $ins t#at strie an ined ribbon. DO3=OAD=G--?#e $roess of sending onfiguration $arameters, o$erating soft"are or related data from a entral soure to remote stations. DP Edots $er in#--Measurement of a $rinter's resolution. C4am$le% WHH d$i indiates t#at t#e $rinter an $rodue WHH dots of olor in ea# in# of a ard. =O?C% 3#en :udging olor re$rodution for a @ardet @ard Printer, t#e in:et resolution must be at 5HH d$i or better to a#ie+e t#e olor eui+alent of a 2HH d$i d!e-sub $rinter. DA KOPPCRS--Selet FARGO @ard Printer6Cnoders $ro+ide a dual-sta, HH ard a$ait! @ard in$-but Ko$$er. ?#is uniue dual #o$$er allo"s !ou to load u$ to HH of t#e same t!$e of ard for ma4imum ard $rodution or allo"s !ou to load a different sta of ards into ea# #o$$er for added +ersatilit! and effiien!. oading t"o different stas of ards is often benefiial if, for e4am$le, !ou are using t"o t!$es of $re$rinted ard bagrounds Ei.e. gold ards +ersus sil+er ards in order to more easil!
distinguis# bet"een t"o t!$es of members, em$lo!ees, students, et. DA ?RA@<--A t!$e of redit ared reader t#at is a$able of reading bot# ?ra 1 and on a redit ard. D)C-S>MA?O=--D!e-sublimation is t#e $rint $roess FARGO @ard Printer6Cnoders use to $rint smoot#, ontinuous-tone, $#oto-ualit! images. ?#is $roess uses a d!e-based ribbon roll t#at is di+ided into a series of olor $anels. ?#e olor $anels are grou$ed in a re$eating series of t#ree se$arate olors along t#e lengt# of t#e ribbon% )ello", Magenta, and @!an E)M@. As t#e ribbon and ard $ass simultaneousl! beneat# t#e Print#ead, #undreds of t#ermal elements #eat t#e d!es on t#e ribbon. One t#e d!es are #eated, t#e! +a$orie and diffuse into t#e surfae of t#e ard. Iar!ing t#e #eat intensit! of ea# t#ermal element "it#in t#e Print#ead maes it $ossible for ea# transferred dot of olor to +ar! saturation. ?#is blends one olor into t#e ne4t. ?#e result is ontinuous-tone, $#oto-realisti olor images. C-@ARD DO@<=G S?A?O=--FARGO $ro+ides an o$tional e-ard doing station on selet models t#at an be ordered "it# enoders for one, t"o or t#ree different t!$es of e-ards. ?#ese $rinter6enoders allo" a$$liation soft"are to read and6or store information in t#e memor! of eards. ?#e o$tional enoders $ro+ide e+er!t#ing needed for an a$$liation $rogram to ommuniate "it# a s$eifi t!$e eard t#roug# a standard RS-2 interfae. ?#e FARGO e-ard doing station omes standard "it# t#e read6"rite $ins Eas defined b! SO needed to ommuniate "it# ontat smart ards. ?#e e-ard doing station an also be ordered "it# a magneti stri$e enoder for eit#er an SO magneti stri$e t#at su$$orts dual #ig#6lo" oeri+it! tras 1, and 2 or a S magneti stri$e. C-@ARD C=@ODCR--Selet FARGO @ard Printer6Cnoders su$$ort reading and6or storing information in u$ to t#ree different t!$es of e-ards% SO \91W ontat smart ards, Mifare‘ ontatless smart ards and KD $ro4imit! ards. CDGC-?O-CDGC--Refers to t#e ma4imum $rintable area on a ard. Printer6Cnoders "it# edge-to-edge $rinting a$abilit! an $rint :ust to t#e edge of a ard resulting in $rinted ards "it# +irtuall! no border. CM>OSS=G--Raised #araters are $rodued t#roug# t#e use of a male and female die broug#t toget#er b! $ressure a$$lied abo+e and belo" a maring surfae. Cmbossing is ideal for +ariable information data ards, stri$ tags, and identifiation molding $roesses. C>? ECC@?RO=@S >C=CF?S ?RA=SA@?O=--Allo"s go+ernments to im$lement soial aid $rograms su# as food stam$s t#roug# t#e use of a magneti-stri$e ard, "#i# an be ae$ted at mer#ant loations set u$ to ae$t t#is $lan. CC@?RO=@ DRAF? @AP?RC ECD@--A s!stem in "#i# t#e transation data is a$tured at t#e mer#ant loation for $roessing and storage. CC@?RO=@ F=DS ?RA=SFCR ECF?--A $a$erless transfer of funds initiated from a terminal, om$uter, tele$#one instrument, or magneti ta$e.
CM>OSS-?#e $roess of $rinting identif!ing data on a banard in t#e form of raised #araters. C=?CRPRSC--An Nenter$riseN e-ommere solution indiates te#nolog! for a large business enter$rise. ?#is usuall! in+ol+es a number of s!stems t#at are reuired to interfae "it# ea# ot#er as "ell as a entral database management s!stem. ?#e design and management of an enter$rise solution an be +er! om$le4. CMA?O=--?#e imitation of a om$uter s!stem, $erformed b! a ombination of #ard"are and soft"are, t#at allo"s $rograms to run bet"een inom$atible s!stems. C=@ODCR--A de+ie used to "rite data onto magneti stri$e ards. CPROM--Read-onl!, non-+olatile, semi-ondutor memor! t#at is erasable +ia ultra +iolet lig#t and re$rogrammable. C_PA=SO= >OARD 6 C_PA=SO= SO?--?#e o$tional de+ie board t#at is usuall! added inside t#e s!stem abinet at an a+ailable e4$ansion slot. FA@?OR=G--Also no"n as laundering. 3#en a mer#ant submits transations for anot#er mer#ant t#at "ere not onduted at t#e original mer#ant's business establis#ment, t#is is no"n as fatoring. FRM3ARC--A om$uter $rogram or soft"are stored $ermanentl! in PROM or ROM. FCDS--A s$eifi $osition on ea# tra "#ere data ma! be "ritten or read. F_CD DA?A--Data "#i# doesn't #ange. n @ard ?em$late, data remains onstant from enoding session to enoding session. ?#is means t#at, until it is modified, ea# ard "ill enoded "it# t#is information. n Set-$6Cnode Fields, data is fi4ed. FO--Deorati+e foils are a$$lied to ards "it# #eat. f !ou #a+e a s$eifi foil in mind, "e an a$$l! it for !ou, D Ser+ies #as a "ide +ariet! to #oose from. KA=D-KCD DA?A @OC@?OR--See Portable Data @olletor KARD DS< DRIC--Cnlosed dis dri+e t#at ontains one or more metalli diss for data storage. A #ard dis #as man! times t#e a$ait! of a disette. KGK @OCR@I?)--See oeri+it!. KGK-IOMC PR=?=G--Fast, effiient $rinting for $roduing large uantities of ards "it# minimal do"n time for su$$lies loading or maintenane. KGK DCF=?O= PR=?=G?M EKDP?M--?#e Kig#-Definition Printing $roess $rints full-olor images onto lear KDP transfer film. ?#e KDP film is t#en fused to t#e ard t#roug# #eat and $ressure +ia a #eated roller. ?#is re+olutionar! te#nolog! en#anes ard durabilit! and onsistentl! $rodues t#e best ard olor a+ailable - e+en on toug#-to-$rint matte-finis#ed ards, $ro4imit! ards, and smart ards. KGK SPCCD PR=?=G--FARGO @ard Printer6Cnoders are among t#e fastest desto$ ard $rinter6enoders in t#e industr!. Kig#-s$eed $rinting allo"s for more effiient ard $rodution - sa+ing time, mone!, and resoures. KOOGRAM--?#is seurit! feature $re+ents t#e re$rodution of A?M6>an ards and redit ards. D Ser+ies #as a +ariet! of #olograms to #oose from or "ill a$$l! !our o"n ustom #ologram. KOS? @OMP?CR--A entral om$uter, su# as a mainframe om$uter at a om$an!*s #eaduarters or
