3. Literature Riview 3.1 Air Powered Engine
Prof. B.S.Patel et al. tried to develop a compressed air engine by modifying an 4-stroke, single cyli cylinde nderr SI engin enginee by repl replac acin ing g the the spar spark k plug plug with with a puls pulsed ed pres pressu sure re valve valve,, and and usin using g compressed air as the working fluid. he working of the engine is e!plained theoretically and the cost analysis is made which shows that the compressed air engine is cheap when compared to the conventional SI engine. 3.2 Study of Compressed Air Storage System as Clean Potential Energy for 21st Century
"r. Bharat #a$ Singh and "r. %nkar Singh conducted an e!periment in which they used a vaned type novel air turbine as a prime mover for a motor bike. In this e!periment they tried to gain an output of &.'( to ).*( +P for the starting torue reuirements of '(( to )'( rpm at 4 to & bars air pressure to running speeds of *((( to ((( rpm using * to bars air pressure. he test was conducted in +BI anpur and below diagrams shows the test rig setup and its layout/
0ig/1 2ctual est #ig Setup
0ig/ * est Setup 3ayout
It consists of an air compressor which was used to produce and store (( psi *1 bar appro!.5 air and use it to impact the compressed air on the vanes of the novel air turbine. he test was conducted at different inlet pressures and the efficiencies of the turbine was found to vary from )* to 6) 7. he turbine had d8" ratio of (.) and the results obtained were are follows/
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67 to 667 with variation of &7, at speed of rotation '(( rpm for in$ection pressure *( psi to 1(( psi.
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91.97 to 96.97 with variation of 97, at the speed of rotation 1((( rpm for in$ection pressure *( psi to 1(( psi.
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)(.97 to 94.7 with variation of 1.'7, at the speed of rotation 1'(( rpm for in$ection pressure *( psi to 1(( psi.
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&4.47 to )6.97 with variation of 1'.47, at the speed of rotation *((( rpm for in$ection pressure *( psi to 1(( psi.
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'6.'7 to )&.'7 with variation of 1)7, at the speed of rotation *'(( rpm for in$ection
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pressure *( psi to 1(( psi. '&.*7 to )*.67 with variation of 1&.)7, at the speed of rotation ((( rpm for in$ection pressure *( psi to 1(( psi.
2 graph given below was drawn for comparing 2ctual power with respect to theoretical power and the Speed of rotation in rpm/
0ig/ 2 graph comparing 2ctual power with respect to theoretical power and the Speed of rotation in rpm
2fter conducting this research they have concluded that overall performance of air turbine for working pressure ranging from *.)-& bar is found varying from )*7-6)7. his technology can be used in the future automotive industry.
3.3 Compressed Air Energy Storage System Based Engine for Running Ligt !ei"le
"r. Bharat #a$ Singh and "r. %nkar Singh have used a vaned type turbine as the prime mover and have conducted three different e!periments with different casing diameters of '(mm, 1((mm, 1'(mm, with the constant in$ection angle of &((, *'(( rpm speed of rotation and &bars air pressure.
0ig/ 4 hevaned air turbine
he results obtained after e!periments were conducted are/ 15 :hen ";'(mm / (.16 k:- (.)* k:, when rotor to casing diameter ratios is of (.6'-(.9( and vane angle is kept (o vanes 1* nos.5 and (.9) k:- 1.( k:, when rotor to casing diameter ratios are of
arch-*(14, ISB?/ 6)9-6-9*)(*-&4-1 64 (.)'-(.)( and vane angle is kept &o vanes nos. 1(5
0ig/ ' otal power output :t5 versus different #otor 8
*5 :hen ";1((mm (.9 k:- *.6 k:, when rotor to casing diameter ratios are of (.6'-(.9( and vane angle is kept (o vanes nos. 1*5 and .' k:- 4.( k:, when rotor to casing diameter ratios are of (.)'-(.)( and vane angle is kept &o vanes nos. 1(5
0ig/ & otal power output :t5 versus different #otor 8
5 :hen ";1'(mm 1.6 k:- &.' k:, when rotor to casing diameter ratios are of (.6'-(.9( and vane angle is kept (o vanes nos. 1*5, and ).9 k:- 6.( k:, when rotor to casing diameter ratios are of (.)'-(.)( and vane angle is kept &o vanes nos. 1(5
0ig/ ) otal power output :t5 versus different #otor 8
he comparison of all the test cases are done and the results are tabulated/
0ig/ 9 otal power output :t5 versus vane angles when rotor 8 casing diameter d8"5 ratio is (.)( when ";'( mm, 1(( mm, and 1'( mm
hus after this e!periment it is concluded that optimum shaft power o utput of a novel vaned type air turbine is obtained when the design parameters for rotor diameter to casing diameter d8"5 ratios is kept between (.)( to (.)' and vane angle is (-4'o and the efficiency of the light weight vehicle would be around )'-6)7.
3.# !ei"le $perating $n Compressed Air %y &nversion of Slider Cran' (e"anism
2.2.este et al. worked on the concept of inversed slider crank mechanism to utili@e the compressed air to run a vehicle A*(. In this e!periment a double acting pneumatic cylinder was used in which the piston attached to a pinion which generated rotation motion. he below diagram shows the test setup/
0ig/ 6 est Setup
2 prototype working on this principle is made and then tested, after the test, it is found that for 1* litres of air the prototype vehicles travels '(mts. 0rom this e!periment, it can concluded that the this mechanism can also be utili@ed for running a vehicle. he prototype built is given below/
0ig/ 1( Prototype
3.) *ow Compressed Air "an +rive a Car
he laws of physics dictate that uncontained Cases will fill any given space. he easiest way to see this in action is to inflate a balloon. he elastic skin of the balloon holds the air tightly inside, but the moment you use a pin to create a hole in the balloonDs surface, the air e!pands outward with so much energy that the balloon e!plodes.
0ig.11 / 2ir car
2ir car will have air compressor built into it. 2fter a brisk drive, we can take the car home, put it into the garage and plug in the compressor. he compressor will use air from around the car to refill the compressed air tank. Enfortunately, this is a rather slow method of refueling and will probably take up few minutes for a complete refill. If the idea of an air car catches on, air refueling stations will become available at ordinary gas stations, where the tank can be refilled much more rapidly with air thatDs already been compressed. 0illing your tank at the pump will probably take about three minutes. his air car will almost certainly use otor <2>5 Pneumatic wrench. 2ir car propelled with this engine will have tanks that will probably hold compressed air to about 11.(bar pressure. Its accelerator operates a valve on its tank that allows air to be released into the hoses and then into the motor, where the pressure of the airDs e!pansion will push against the vanes and turn the rotor. his will produce enough power for speeds of about 1'-*( kilometers per hour.
3., Engine -or'ing
+igh pressure air is introduced to the engine that pushes the piston and creates movement. he atmospheric temperature is used to re-heat the engine and increase the road coverage. he air condition system makes use of the e!pelled cold air. "ue to there is no pollution, oil change is necessary every '(,((( km
0ig.1* / 0our stroke engines convert into two stroke engine
In fig shows the engine of <"1(( bike. :e convert the four stroke engine to two stroke engine by changing the crank and cam shaft gear teeth. :e are converted both the eual gear teeth. So, there are two stoke inlet and e!haust.
0ig.1 / timing changing of engine
