The Indonesian Way
1
Module 1 – Arriving in an Indonesian Town
George Quinn & Uli Kozok
License “The Indonesian Way” by George Quinn and Uli Kozok is licensed under a Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercia “Attribution-No nCommercial-ShareAlike l-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)” license. Under the license you are free to: ● ●
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format Adapt — remix, transform, transform, and build upon upon the material material
Under the following terms: ➢
➢ ➢
Attribution — You must must give appropriate appropriate credit, provide provide a link to the license, license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. NonCommercial NonCommer cial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
Please note that the license covers the text and the sound files, but excludes the illustrations.
Date of Last Revision: 27 March 2015 The development of “The Indonesian Way” was sponsored by grant P017A090375-10 from the US Department of Education, International Research and Studies Program. The development of the print version was made possible by a grant received from the University of Tasmania.
License “The Indonesian Way” by George Quinn and Uli Kozok is licensed under a Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercia “Attribution-No nCommercial-ShareAlike l-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)” license. Under the license you are free to: ● ●
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format Adapt — remix, transform, transform, and build upon upon the material material
Under the following terms: ➢
➢ ➢
Attribution — You must must give appropriate appropriate credit, provide provide a link to the license, license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. NonCommercial NonCommer cial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes. ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
Please note that the license covers the text and the sound files, but excludes the illustrations.
Date of Last Revision: 27 March 2015 The development of “The Indonesian Way” was sponsored by grant P017A090375-10 from the US Department of Education, International Research and Studies Program. The development of the print version was made possible by a grant received from the University of Tasmania.
Module 1
Arriving in an Indonesian Town The main aim of Module 1 is to equip you with the vocabulary, sentence shells and cultural skills that will enable you to get information and find your way around when you arrive as a stranger in an unfamiliar Indonesian town. The Module gives you the vocabulary to talk about buildings and places, food and eating and transport. You will learn some conventions of smalltalk that will enable you to make contact with people and get basic information from them. You will learn how to describe the location of places and some of their characteristics. You will also learn how to make simple statements about likes and dislikes and how to politely fend o ff unwanted invitations. In the culminating role-play you will act out (together with your tutor or classmates) your arrival in a small town. You will get o ff a bus or train, greet people, introduce yourself, ask and answer questions about place of origin, get directions about hotels, shops, o ffices, etc., talk about food and where you can eat, and respond gratefully or negatively to an invitation to go somewhere.
Lesson 1
01
Getting a Conversation Going
Aims of Lesson 1 •
•
To learn about some of the basic differences between Indonesian and English. To practice some common greetings and initial smalltalk. Illustration: Fulan visits Bedu. Bedu tries to hide a piece of bread ( roti ) from Fulan but the bread is grabbed by his dog ( anjing ): 1. “Good morning, Bedu” “Oh, it’s Fulan” 2. “C’mon in, Fulan, take a seat.” “Thanks” 3. “How’s it going, Lan? You’re okay, aren’t you?” 4. “I’m okay, but it seems your bread isn’t.” (Adapted from: IniiiS Dagelan Petruk Gareng VI, Semarang, Loka Tjipta, p.23)
Indonesian is Different Indonesian belongs to the Austronesian language family. Many of the basic features of the language are very different to the basic features of English (which belongs to the Indo-European language family). Let’s glance at just a few of these di fferences. As a beginning point look at these English sentences. This is a big farm. It has five barns.
Imagine how you would say these sentences if you were not allowed to use the word “is” (a form of the verb “to be”), or the indefinite article “a”, or the pronoun “it”, or the word “has” (a form of the verb “to have”). Imagine also that “big” must come after “farm”, not before it. Imagine too that “barn” doesn’t have a plural form, that is, you can’t add “-s” to it. Indonesian doesn’t have a verb “to be”, it doesn’t have articles (words like “a”, “the”, “some” and “any”), and it doesn’t really have a pronoun “it”, at least not in the subject position in a sentence. As for adjectives (words like “fat”, fast”, “big” etc.), in Indonesian they come after nouns (as they do in French), and nouns are the same in the plural as they are in the singular (like the English noun sheep and nouns in Japanese). The sounds of Indonesian are di fferent too. Indonesian doesn’t have a /th/ sound, or (for most speakers) a /f/ sound. On the other hand most Indonesians roll or trill the /r/ sound, and they pronounce /t/ without aspiration (without a little hiss or pu ff of breath) so that it sounds a bit like the English sound /d/. Even the meanings of words in Indonesian are often (in fact usually ) somewhat different from their counterparts in English. Take the English word “farm” for example. Strange as it may seem, Indonesian doesn’t have a word that corresponds exactly to the English “farm”. Even common English words, like for example the verb “to have”, are often very di fficult to render aptly in Indonesian. In short, if you want to say the two sentences above in authentic Indonesian you have to let go of many basic features of English, and this is not easy to do.
Lesson 1 It is very important for you to accept that Indonesian is di fferent, and to work as hard as you can to imitate it accurately, and ultimately to see it as normal. As soon as you can, you must “forget” English: its grammar, its pronunciation, the range of meaning of its words. Remember that what seems (at first) strange to you is perfectly clear, normal and logical to Indonesian speakers. Already in the very first steps of study you will experience that Indonesian is different. In the dialogue that follows, you will notice that in Indonesian we don’t ask What is your name? but WHO is your name? Also, in English we say “your name” ( your comes in front of name ), but in the counterpart Indonesian expression the word order is reversed. You say “name (of) you” ( nama Anda ). The Indonesian for “please” is also difficult. Indonesian doesn’t have a single exact equivalent for our word please but several di fferent words. The word silakan in the dialogue below is just one of three or four different “please-words” in Indonesian. Silakan means something like feel free to... or sometimes help yourself to... If you want to say “Please open the window” or “Could I have a kilo of rice, please” you have to choose di fferent please-words to make your request polite. (These are studied later in the book.) And when Indonesians want to thank someone they say (translated literally) receive a ffection ( terima kasih ).
Introducing Yourself Now listen to the following short dialogue ( Sound File 001-01 ) for two or three times. Then read it, and say it out loud several times until the words roll reasonably smoothly o ff your tongue. Compare the Indonesian with the English translation, and observe how Indonesians say things very di fferently from English speakers. Benny:
Kenalkan, saya Benny. Siapa nama Anda?
May I introduce myself: I am Benny. What is your name?
Paulus:
Saya Paulus.
I am Paulus.
Benny:
Silakan masuk, Paulus. Silakan duduk.
Please come in, Paulus. Please sit down.
Paulus:
Terima kasih.
Thank you.
Benny:
Silakan minum. Silakan makan.
Please help yourself to a drink. Please have something to eat.
Paulus:
Terima kasih.
Thank you.
Now cover the left column of the dialogue and practise it without looking at the Indonesian text.
Exercise 01-01 Fill in the bubbles in the following dialogue with a word or phrase appropriate to the picture. The personal names you choose should be Indonesian names and should be appropriately male or female as indicated in the picture. (You may need to ask around or do a little research to find appropriate Indonesian names. If you can’t immediately think of enough authentic Indonesian names, go to a library or to the internet and copy down some of the personal names you can recognise in Indonesian publications.)
Lesson 1
Kenalkan, saya Budi. Siapa nama Anda? …............... — Nama saya Sri Utami. — .......................
Silakan .........
Silakan .........
Silakan .........
Silakan .........
Lesson 1
Morning, Noon and Night Another difference between Indonesian and English is to be found in the way the two languages divide up reality into somewhat di fferent categories. Indeed, if we look at the meanings of English words and Indonesian words, very few words in the core vocabulary of one language have exactly the same meaning in the other language. Take, for example, the terms used to refer to times of the day. In English we have morning, afternoon, evening, night and a number of other terms. In Indonesian we have pagi (from pre-dawn until around 10 or 11:00), siang (from around 11:00. to around 14–15:00), sore (from 15:00 to nightfall) and malam (from nightfall to dawn). Preceded by the word selamat , all the above terms can be used in greetings. Selamat pagi Good morning (until about 11:00) Selamat siang Good afternoon (until about 14:00) or perhaps more accurately Good late morning and/or afternoon Selamat sore Good (late) afternoon/Good (early) evening (until about 18:00) Selamat malam Good evening / Good night (until about midnight)
Ucapan / Pronunciation The letter /e/ in Indonesian is often pronounced as a neutral vowel sound that occurs in unstressed position and which is known as the schwa (denoted by the IPA symbol ə ). Even though the schwa is a common sound in English, there is no single grapheme (“letter”) that represents it. Instead it can be represented by any vowel. The schwa is repres-
Lesson 1 ented by ‘a’ in adept, by ‘e’ in synthesis, by ‘i’ in decimal, by ‘o’ in harmony, by ‘u’ in medium, and by ‘y’ in syringe! Now listen to selamat pagi, selamat siang, selamat sore, and selamat malam and notice that the schwa is pronounced so weak in these words that you can hardly hear it ( Sound File 001-02 ).
Pak & Bu Here are a couple of examples of this from a primary school textbook showing how children and adults greet each other.
When you are greeting someone in Indonesia it is polite to acknowledge that person’s status and use a title. For example, you would greet your own father, or any man who is mature in years with the title Pak . Similarly you would greet your own mother, or any woman who is mature in years, with the title Bu. If you are greeting someone your own age whom you know very well, or if you are greeting a child whom you know well, you can just say that person’s name.
Dialogue 1 When two adults who know each other, but not particularly well, meet each other they might greet each other and exchange a few words as follows. Learn this dialogue ( Sound File 001-03 ) by heart. (Check the vocabulary cards for this lesson if you don’t recognise a word.) Selamat pagi, Bu.
Selamat pagi, Pak.
Apa kabar?
Baik-baik saja.
Lesson 1
Dialogue 2 When two young adults who know each other well meet each other they might greet each other and exchange a few words as follows. Learn this dialogue ( Sound File 001-04 ) by heart. Selamat sore, Iwan.
Selamat sore, Nur.
Apa kabar?
Biasa saja.
Ucapan / Pronunciation In English there are stressed and unstressed syllables. For example, if you say the phrase “a car park” it has three beats, the first is weak (unstressed) and the second and third are strong (stressed). Indonesian also has stressed and unstressed syllables, though the patterns of stress are somewhat different to those of English. In Indonesian there is roughly even stress on each syllable with a slightly stronger stress on the second-to-last syllable in a word. An important exception to this general rule is given in Lesson Two. So apa is pronounced / Ā .p ā /, malam is pronounced / M Ā .l ām/, siapa is pronounced /see. Y Ā .pā / and so on.
Try pronouncing these words and phrases. Each syllable should be roughly equal in length, and there should be slightly stronger stress on the second-to-last syllable in each word. Check your pronunciation by listening to Sound File 001-05. apa ➢ malam ➢ siapa ➢ Anda ➢ silakan ➢
Apa kabar Maman? ➢ Siapa nama Anda? ➢ Medan ➢ Denpasar ➢ Semarang ➢
Lesson 1
Latihan 1 Listening—Menyimak Listen to Sound Files 001-06 to fill in the blanks with the following words: Apa kabar—biasa—kabar—saja—sore 1. Greetings with Acquaintances A B A B
Selamat ___________, Bu Selamat sore, Pak Apa ___________? Baik-baik ___________.
2. Greetings with Friends A Selamat sore, Iwan. B Selamat sore, Nur A ___________? B ___________ saja.
Latihan 2 Greetings—Mengucapkan Selamat Choose which of the following greetings matches the time frame: Selamat pagi—Selamat siang—Selamat sore—Selamat malam 1. Good evening (from nightfall to after midnight) ........................................................................ 2. Good (late) afternoon / Good (early) evening ............................................................................ 3. Good (late) morning / Good afternoon (until about 14:00) ........................................................ 4. Good morning ..........................................................................................................................
Latihan 3 Listening—Menyimak Listen to Sound File 001-07. Write down the word/phrase using correct spelling. No. 6-12 are the names of Indonesian cities. Some of them might be new to you. Item 6 is the capital of Bali, 7 the capital of Central Java, 8 the capital of Indonesia, 9 the capital of West Java, 10 the capital of East Java, 11 the largest town on the island of Flores, and 12 is a city in Central Java which is also known as Solo. 1.
________________
7.
________________
2.
________________
8.
________________
3.
________________
9.
________________
4.
________________
10.
________________
5.
________________
11.
________________
6.
________________
12.
________________
Lesson 1
Latihan 4—Time of the Day If you meet someone, what greeting (selamat pagi, selamat siang, selamat sore or selamat malam) would you use at the times indicated? Choose the appropriate greeting to use at the time given.
Latihan 5 Matching—Menjodohkan Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan. Match the items on the left to their Indonesian translation on the right. 1. Silakan duduk.
a. May I introduce myself?
2. Terima kasih.
b. Please sit down.
3. Silakan minum.
c. Please come in.
4. Silakan makan.
d. Please help yourself to a drink.
5. Kenalkan.
e. Thank you.
6. Siapa nama Anda?
f. Please have something to eat.
7. Saya Paulus.
g. What is your name?
8. Silakan masuk.
h. I am Paulus.
Lesson 1
Latihan 6 Matching—Menjodohkan Jodohkan pertanyaan di sebelah kiri dengan jawabannya di sebelah kanan. Match the question on the left to an appropriate answer on the right. 1. Apa kabar?
a. Terima kasih.
2. Silakan masuk.
b. Nama saya Irwan.
3. Siapa nama Anda?
c. Selamat sore, Bu.
4. Selamat sore, Pak.
d. Baik-baik saja.
Latihan 7 Crossword—Teka Teki Silang (TTS) Across: 2. I, me, my 3. usual, ordinary 5. who 7. to enter 8. from around 11:00 to around 14:00. 10. from nightfall to after midnight 11. may I introduce Down: 1. name 2. just, only 4. to sit 5. please (go ahead and...) 6. from pre-dawn until around 11:00 7. to drink 8. from about 15:00 to nightfall 9. good, okay, that’s fine
Lesson 2
02
Where Are You From?
Aims of Lesson 2 •
•
To practise asking where a person comes from To get to know the Indonesian names for a number of countries
Vocabulary Review Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in the previous lesson. Anda
you, your
pagi
early (in the morning)
biasa
usual, ordinary
siapa
who?
duduk
to sit
kabar
news
apa kabar?
how are you?
kenalkan
allow me to introduce...
nama
a name
Getting a Conversation Going Watch 002-Video and then study the following transcript of the video clip. Iwan:
Selamat pagi, Nur. Apa kabar?
Nur:
Baik-baik saja.
Nur:
Kenalkan, ini Erna dari Medan.
Iwan:
Apa kabar, Erna?
Erna:
Baik. Maaf, siapa nama Anda?
Iwan:
O maaf. Saya Iwan.
Erna:
Anda berasal dari mana, Iwan?
Iwan:
Saya dari Lombok.
Erna:
Dari Lombok? Jauh sekali!
Nur:
Silakan duduk, Iwan.
Iwan:
Terima kasih.
Lesson 2
Dialogue Do the following exercise without looking at the transcription. Instead we have provided you with an English translation of the same dialog. Try Try to repeat the dialog you heard in the movie. movie. Then listen to Sound File 002-01 to check whether you got it right. Keep on trying till the entire entire dialogue comes comes smoothly off your your tongue. Iwan:
Good morning, Nu Nur. How are you?
Nur:
Just fine.
Nur:
Let me me intro troduce; th this is is Er Erna fr from Medan.
Iwan:
How are you Erna?
Erna:
Good. Sorry, what was your name?
Iwan:
I’m sorry. I am Iwan.
Erna:
Where are you from, Iwan?
Iwan:
I’m from Lombok.
Erna:
From Lo Lombok? Th That’s fa far aw away!
Nur:
Take a seat, Iwan.
Iwan:
Thank you.
Asking Where Someone Comes From There are two slightly different ways to ask “Where are you from?” in Indonesian. You can say Anda berasal dari mana? In mana? In relaxed conversation you can drop berasal drop berasal and and simply say Anda say Anda dari mana? although mana? although in some contexts this phrase can also mean “Where have you just come from?” When someone tells you where they come from you can respond by saying O begitu (Is begitu (Is that so? Really!) followed by the question Saya kira Anda dari… (I thought you were from… from … ). Or you can express incredulity or crass surprise by saying Hah? again Hah? again followed by the question Saya kira Anda dari… (I dari… (I thought you were from… from… )
Dialogue Study this fragment of a conversation ( Sound Sound File 002-02 ). Learn it by heart. Notice the two slightly different, but equally correct and common ways of asking where someone comes from. Notice also how you can express surprise or incredulity, and how you can give corrected information about where you come from. A
Anda berasal dari mana? mana?
B
Saya berasal dari Mesir.
A
Hah? Dari Mesir! Saya Saya kira Anda dari Arab Saudi! Saudi!
B
Tida Tidak. k. Say Saya dar dari Mes Mesir. ir. Anda Anda dari ari mana ana?
A
Saya dari sini.
Lesson 2
Names of Countries Listen to Sound File 002-03 and write down the names of the countries that you hear. Then translate them into English. Try to guess first what country it is before you look up the name in a dictionary. dictionary. Indonesian Name
English Name
Exercise 02-01 Answer each of the questions questions “Siapa “Siapa nama Anda?” Anda ?” and “ Anda berasal dari dari mana?” mana?” with a complete sentence. The first of each pair of questions should be answered with a complete sentence containing an authentic ethnic personal name, e.g. Ahmed, John, Giovanni, Dimitri, Akiko, Sergio etc. The second question in each pair should be answered with a complete sentence containing the Indonesian name of the country the person comes from. Refer to the map for the names of countries. Cover a variety of countries. Do the exercise orally over and over again until all the words come smoothly and correctly. Then write five mini dialogues following the example below: Bambang
Siapa nama Anda?
Henk
Nama saya Henk.
Bambang
Anda berasal dari mana?
Henk
Saya berasal dari Belanda. OR Saya dari Belanda.
Exercise 02-02 In each of these mini-dialogues there are two speakers. You take the role of the second speaker. In the second line, say the name of the country where you think the the first speaker comes from, then after you have been corrected, give your own country own country of origin in the last line. Say the sentences out loud taking care to get the Indonesian pronunciation of country names correct. Study the example first. Saya berasal dari Rusia. Hah? Saya kira Anda berasal dari ___ Jerman __.
Lesson 2 Tidak, saya berasal dari Rusia. Anda berasal dari mana? Saya berasal dari _Singapura _Singapura_. _. 1.
Kenalk Kena lkan an,, say saya a Shu Shun. n. Sa Saya ya da dari ri Cina Cina.. Hah? Saya kira Anda dari __________! Tidak, saya dari Cina. Anda berasal dari mana? Saya dari ____________.
2.
Saya be berasal da dari Be Belanda. O begitu, Saya kira Anda berasal dari __________. Tidak. Saya berasal dari Belanda. Anda dari mana? Saya dari ____________.
3.
Nama Nama saya saya Sa Sara rah. h. Sa Saya ya da dari ri Aust Austra rali lia. a. Dari Australia? Saya kira Anda dari __________. Tidak, saya dari Australia. Dan Anda? Anda berasal dari mana? Saya dari __________. Jauh dari sini!
4.
Selama Sela matt pag pagi. i. Nam Nama a saya saya Herm Herman an.. Say Saya a dari dari Indo Indone nesi sia. a. O begitu. Saya kira Anda dari __________. Tidak. Saya dari Indonesia. Anda dari mana? Jauh dari Indonesia. Saya dari __________.
5.
Saya be Saya bera rasa sall dar darii Pra Pranc ncis is,, jauh jauh da dari ri sini sini.. Dari Prancis? Saya kira Anda berasal dari __________. Tidak. Saya dari Prancis. Anda berasal dari mana? Saya? Saya berasal dari __________.
Ucapan: Pronouncing Indonesian Vowels As mentioned in Lesson One, in Indonesian Indonesian there is roughly even stress on each syllable with – in most, but far from all cases – a slightly heavier stress on the second-to-last syllable. One exception to this rule occurs when a word has an unstressed “e” in it (refer to the previous lesson), like the “e” in the English words “later” and “after” or the “e” sounds in “phe-
Lesson 2 nomenon”. When this kind of “e” appears in an Indonesian word, the following syllable is usually stressed, even when that syllable is the last syllable in a word. Listen to Sound File 002-04 for some examples: terima—kenalkan—Jepang—Mesir
Vowels in Indonesian are normally pronounced “pure”, that is they don’t tend towards diphthongs as is often the case in English. Listen to Sound File 002-05 and then practise saying these words without twisting or distorting the vowel sounds: Cina—Prancis—saya—biasa—Yunani—Australia—Indonesia
Peta Dunia (World Map) Study this map and memorise the Indonesian names for the following countries.
Lesson 2
Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the items on the left to their translation on the right. 1. Anda
a. a name
2. biasa
b. early (in the morning)
3. duduk
c. allow me to introduce...
4. baik
d. who?
5. kenalkan
e. usual, ordinary, normal
6. nama
f. to sit
7. pagi
g. good, fine
8. siapa
h. you, your
Latihan 2—Percakapan Dengarkan rekaman dan jawablah pertanyaan berikut.—Listen to to answer the following questions.
Sound File 002-01
1.
How many people participate in the dialog? Two, four, or three?
2.
Fill in the blanks of missing phrases in the conversation below based on the sound recording. Selamat pagi, Nur. Apa kabar? _______________. Kenalkan, ini Erna dari Medan. _______________, Erna? Baik. Maaf. Siapa nama Anda? O maaf. Nama saya Iwan. Anda berasal _______________ Iwan? Saya dari Lombok. Dari Lombok? _______________ sekali! Silakan duduk, Iwan _______________.
3.
What greeting does Iwan say to Nur when he first sees her? Good morning, good afternoon or good night?
4.
Who introduces Erna? Iwan or Nur?
5.
What is the first question that Erna asks Iwan? “How are you?”, “What is your name?”, or “Where are you from?”
6.
What is the second question that Erna asks Iwan? “How are you?”, “What is your name?”, or “Where are you from?”
7.
Where is Iwan from? From Bali, Lombok, or Medan?
Lesson 2 8.
Is Lombok far from Medan?
9.
Does Nur invite Iwan for a cup of coffee?
10.
Can you fill in the blanks without listening to the sound file again? _______________, Nur. Apa kabar? Baik-baik saja. _______________, ini Erna dari Medan. Apa kabar, Erna? Baik. Maaf, _______________ nama Anda? O maaf. Saya Iwan. Anda _______________ dari mana, Iwan? Saya dari Lombok. Dari Lombok? Wah jauh sekali! _______________ duduk, Iwan. Terima kasih.
Latihan 3—Menjodohkan Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the items on the left to their translation on the right. 1. Inggris
a. The Philippines
2. Belanda
b. Saudi Arabia
3. Jerman
c. Greece
4. Rusia
d. Egypt
5. Jepang
e. New Zealand
6. Cina
f. China
7. Filipina
g. Singapore
8. Selandia Baru
h. Holland, The Netherlands
9. Singapura
i. Russia
10. Arab Saudi
j. Germany
11. Mesir
k. Japan
12. Yunani
l. Italy
13. Italia
m. The United States of America
14. Prancis
n. England, the United Kingdom
15. Amerika Serikat
o. France
Lesson 2
Latihan 4—Menyimak dan Menulis Listen to Sound File 002-06 and write down the name of the seven countries you hear. 1
4
2
5
3
6
7
Latihan 5—Menjodohkan Jodohkan kalimat di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the sentences on the left to their translations on the right. 1. Anda berasal dari mana?
a. I thought you were from Germany.
2. Saya berasal dari Mesir.
b. Where do you come from?
3. Saya kira Anda dari Jerman.
c. I am from here.
4. Saya dari sini.
d. No.
5. Tidak.
e. I come from Egypt.
Latihan 6—Pertanyaan dan Jawaban Imagine you are taking part in a conversation with an Indonesian you have just met. How would you respond to each of the sentences spoken to you by your new Indonesian acquaintance. Match the most probable Indonesian response to each statement. 1. Silakan duduk.
a. Selamat pagi.
2. Anda berasal dari mana?
b. Baik-baik saja.
3. Oh, saya kira Anda dari Rusia.
c. Nama saya Safia.
4. Kenalkan saya Maryam. Siapa nama Anda?
d. Saya berasal dari Mesir.
5. Apa kabar?
e. Tidak. Saya dari Mesir.
6. Selamat pagi.
f. Terima kasih.
Lesson 2
Latihan 7—Isian Lengkapilah kalimat-kalimat berikut.—Complete the following sentences. 1.
“Let me introduce, this is Yuyun from Surabaya.” _________, ini Yuyun _________ Surabaya.
2.
“Where do you come from?” Anda _________ dari mana?
3.
“I come from Egypt.” Saya berasal dari _________.
4.
“I’m not from Egypt but I am from here.” Saya _________ dari Mesir tetapi _________ dari sini.
5.
“I thought you were from Saudi Arabia.” Saya _________ Anda dari Arab Saudi.
Latihan 8—Teka Teki Silang (TTS) Across 1. 4. 6. 7. 9. 11.
France Egypt Holland, The Netherlands far away Greece may I introduce...
Down 2. 3. 5. 6. 8. 10.
name early (in the morning) who usual, normal to sit I am sorry, I apologise
Lesson 3
03
Talking About Buildings And Places
Aims of Lesson 3 •
To gain familiarity with the terms for some commonly encountered buildings and places and to practise using them in simple conversations
Vocabulary Review Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous lessons. Make sure that you remember their meanings. Pabrik Kina © Katong
Anda
you, your
pagi
early (in the morning)
dari mana
from where
siang
2 hrs before & after noon
o begitu
oh, I see
sore
late afternoon, evening
saya kira
I think
malam
evening, night
More Conversation Starters When two English-speakers who already know each other meet casually, they often make conversation by talking about the weather. Indonesians don’t usually do this (although they do sometimes). Very often Indonesians who know each other will greet each other by asking “Where are you going?” or “Where are you coming from?” This question is not seen as nosey or impolite. You can answer it truthfully and in detail if you want to, but it is not usually impolite to give a vague, even evasive, answer. Look at these useful phrases: Mau ke mana? Where are you going? (Literally: “Want to where?”) Dari mana? Where are you coming from? Where have you just been? (Literally: “From where?”) Depending on the question, your answer should begin either with ke (to) or dari (from).
Lesson 3
Exercise 03-01 Referring where necessary to this lesson’s word list, label each of these pictures with its appropriate Indonesian name. Choose from the following words: rumah—gedung—toko—sekolah— mesjid—gereja—pasar—pabrik—rumah sakit—kantor
Dialogue: Putting Places into a Conversation Study the following dialogue ( Sound File 003-01 ) and try to learn it by heart. Bu Puji
Selamat pagi, Bu Nia. Apa kabar?
Bu Nia
O, Bu Puji. Baik-baik saja, Bu.
Bu Puji
Mau ke mana, Bu?
Bu Nia
Ke sekolah. Anda dari mana, Bu Puji?
Bu Puji
Dari rumah saja, Bu.
Lesson 3 Bu Nia
Dari rumah? Saya kira Anda dari kantor.
Bu Puji
Tidak. Dari rumah saja.
Bu Nia
O begitu. Mau ke mana?
Bu Puji
Ke pabrik, Bu.
Bu Nia
O begitu. Mari, Bu.
Bu Puji
Mari. Selamat pagi
Bu Nia
Selamat pagi.
Cara Indonesia :
You and Bu
Notice that in the above dialogue some sentences have no word for “you” (Anda): Mau ke mana, Bu? Where are (you) heading for, Ma'am? Ellipsis of subject frequently occurs, especially in colloquial Indonesian. A subject can be omitted if it is clear from context, such as "you" in the above example. Notice also how Bu is used. Bu, an abbreviated form of ibu, can be a title, often equivalent to the English “Mrs”, although Bu can apply to unmarried women as well, especially if they are past their mid-twenties in age. It can even apply to younger unmarried women if they are regarded as having high status (like a school teacher, for example). When Bu is used as a title, it is usually followed by the name of the person concerned (as is the case with the English “Mrs”). Eh, Bu Adam. Mau ke mana? = “Well, Mrs Adam! Where are you going?” Bu can also be a formal or semi-formal term of address when you are talking to any older or mature woman. In this case it means something like the (now rarely heard) English “ma’am” or “madam”. Selamat pagi, Bu. Dari mana? = “Good morning, ma’am. Where have you just been?” Pak, short for bapak, is also used like Bu as a title and term of address. As a title it is roughly equivalent to the English “Mr” followed the person’s name, and as a term of address is rather formal, roughly corresponding to the English “sir” (though it is not quite as formal as “sir”). Selamat malam, Pak. Mau ke mana? = “Good evening, sir. Where are you off to?” Students in Indonesia usually address each other using the informal second person pronoun kamu but only when they speak to someone who is either of same age or younger. if they address someone from a higher level, they use terms of address such as mbak (for elder female) or mas (for elder male). This is the convention followed in Java. On other islands di fferent terms of addresses are used.
Exercise 03-02 Answer each of the following questions. Your answer should contain the Indonesian word for a place and should begin with dari or ke, depending on which of these words appears in the question. Cite as many different kinds of buildings or places as you can in your answers
Lesson 3 1.
Mau ke mana?
2.
Selamat sore, Jenny. Mau ke mana?
3.
Selamat malam, Pak Tukan. Dari mana?
4.
Selamat siang, Nur. Mau ke mana?
5.
Dari mana, Pak Hendrik?
6.
Hai, Marten. Mau ke mana?
7.
Selamat pagi, Bu Aminah. Mau ke mana?
8.
Apa kabar, Pak Yohannes. Dari mana?
9.
Eh, Pak Pattinasarani. Mau ke mana, Pak?
10.
Selamat malam, Bu. Dari mana?
Ucapan: Pronouncing the Indonesian /r/ In Indonesia, most people (but by no means all people) trill or roll the consonant /r/. Some English-speaking learners find this hard to do, but if you can succeed in doing it your Indonesian will sound much more authentic. If you find the trilled /r/ di fficult to produce, try exaggerating it first, making a loud purring noise whenever you meet an /r/ sound. After a while, when you have mastered the trill and it has become a habit, you can cut back on the exaggeration. You may also want to consider getting some help on rolling your /r/. One useful site is http://www.wikihow.com/Roll-Your-%22R%22s. First listen to Sound File 003-02, then try saying these words with a good, strong rolled /r/. ➢
➢
With /r/ in an initial position
➢
With /r/ in a medial position
rumah
terima
Rusia
gereja
restoran
Selandia Baru
With /r/ in a final position
➢
With /r/ in a consonant cluster
Mesir
Inggris
pasar
Jerman
kantor
pabrik
Lesson 3
Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the items on the left to their translations on the right. Anda
from late morning to mid afternoon
dari mana
late afternoon
malam
I think that.., I thought
O begitu
Is that so? I see. Really.
pagi
you, your
saya kira
early (in the morning)
siang
night, evening
sore
where from
Latihan 2—Menyimak: Pemahaman Jawablah pertanyaan berikut sesuai dengan rekaman.—Listen to answer the following comprehension questions. 1. How does Bu Puji greet Bu Nia? A. Good morning B. Good afternoon C. Good night 2. How does Bu Puji ask Bu Nia where she is going? A. Apa kabar? B. Mau ke mana, Bu? C. Anda dari mana, Bu Puji? D. Dari rumah? 3. Where is Bu Nia going? A. School B. Office C. Factory D. Sports centre 4. Where is Bu Puji coming from? A. School B. Home C. Office D. Factory 5.
Where did Bu Nia think that Bu Puji was coming from? A. School B. Office C. Home D. Sports centre
Sound File 003-01 to
Lesson 3 6. Where is Bu Puji going? A. School B. Office C. Factory D. Home 7. How does Bu Nia say goodbye to Bu Puji? A. O begitu. B. Mau ke mana? C. Mari, Bu.
Latihan 3—Isian: Menyimak Percakapan Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat sesuai dengan rekaman.—Listen to Sound File 003-01 and fill in the blanks. Bu Puji
Selamat __________, Bu Nia. Apa kabar?
Bu Nia
O, Bu Puji. Baik-baik __________, Bu
Bu Puji
Mau __________ mana, Bu?
Bu Nia
Ke sekolah. __________ dari mana, Bu Puji?
Bu Puji
Dari __________ saja, Bu.
Bu Nia
Dari rumah? Saya kira Anda dari __________.
Bu Puji
Tidak. Dari rumah saja.
Bu Nia
O __________. Mau ke mana?
Bu Puji
Ke __________, Bu.
Bu Nia
O begitu. __________, Bu.
Bu Puji
Mari
Latihan 4—Rangkai Kata Urutkan kata-kata berikut.—Reorder the Indonesian words below to say: 1. “I thought you were coming from the office.” Saya—Anda—kira—dari—kantor. 2. “I thought you were sitting at the restaurant.” Saya—di—kira—Anda—duduk—restoran. 3. “I would like to go to school.” Saya—ke—mau—sekolah. 4. “Good morning, where would you like to go?” Selamat—ke—mau—pagi,—mana? 5. “My mother would like to go to the market.” Ibu—ke—mau—saya—pasar.
Lesson 3
Latihan 5—Kosa Kata Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the items on the left to their translations on the right. 1. rumah
a. office
2. gedung
b. mosque
3. toko
c. restaurant
4. sekolah
d. a building
5. mesjid
e. market
6. gereja
f. school
7. pasar
g. a house, someoneʼs home
8. pabrik
h. a shop
9. restoran
i. church
10. kantor
j. factory
Latihan 6—Teka Teki Silang (TTS) Across 1 late afternoon 3 factory 6 church 7 market 11 building 12 night 13 a shop 14 house, home Down: 1 late morning to mid afternoon 2 restaurant 4 you, your 5 mosque 8 school 9 early (in the morning) 10 office
Lesson 4
04
Asking Simple Questions
Aims •
•
•
To practise asking and answering questions that have a simple “yes” or “no” answer. To take the first steps in expressing personal preferences. To learn the names of some common foods and drinks Foto: Warung makan di Sungai Martapura, Kalimantan Selatan. ©Tjetjep Rustandi
Vocabulary Review Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous lessons. Make sure that you remember their meanings. duduk
to sit
minum
to drink
gereja
church
pasar
market
kantor
office
rumah
house
makan
to eat
saya
I, me
mau
want
toko
shop
“Real” Verbs and “Helper” Verbs Like English, Indonesian has a number of “helper” verbs. These are verb-like words that very often go together with another “real” verb. Some very commonly used helper-verbs in Indonesian are akan (will), suka (like), mau (want) and bisa (can). A less common, but formal equivalent of bisa is dapat (can).
Lesson 4
Example: You hear: “Saya akan tinggal di rumah.” (I will stay at home) == “makan” You repeat: “Saya akan makan di rumah.” (I will eat at home) Preferably you should do this drill orally using Sound File 004-01. But you can also do the substitution drill without the sound file: The changed word is given in the list on the right. Place a card over the sentences and cue words. Move the card down and expose the first sentence. Say the sentence out loud, confidently and smoothly. Now look at the cue word on the right. Don't move the card down yet. In your mind, insert the cue word into the sentence you have just read, substituting it for one of the words in the sentence so that you produce a new, slightly changed, but still correct sentence. Move the card down exposing the next line, and check that you got your new sentence right. Now make another new sentence using the new cue word that has come into view on the right. Proceed in this way until you have completed the whole sequence of sentences. Repeat the sequence as many times as necessary until you can produce all the sentences correctly first time, pronouncing them smoothly, and understanding instantly what each one means. Saya akan tinggal di rumah. Saya akan makan di rumah. Saya akan makan di restoran. Saya suka makan di restoran. Saya suka makan di rumah makan. Saya mau makan di rumah makan. Saya mau minum di rumah makan. Saya mau duduk di rumah makan. Saya suka duduk di rumah makan. Saya akan duduk di rumah makan. Saya akan duduk di pasar. Saya akan minum di pasar. Saya akan minum di rumah. Saya dapat minum di rumah. Saya dapat minum di kantor. Saya dapat makan di kantor. Saya mau makan di kantor.
makan restoran suka rumah makan mau minum duduk suka akan pasar minum rumah dapat kantor makan mau bisa
Lesson 4 Saya bisa makan di kantor. Saya bisa tinggal di kantor. Saya bisa tinggal di pabrik. Saya mau tinggal di pabrik. Saya mau tinggal di rumah. Saya suka tinggal di rumah. Saya suka makan di rumah. Saya suka makan di sekolah. Saya suka makan di toko. Saya suka makan di pasar. Saya suka minum di pasar
Cara Indonesia :
tinggal pabrik mau rumah suka makan sekolah toko pasar minum
Warung, Rumah Makan, Restoran & Resto
Indonesians love to dine out and there is hardly any street where there is not a food outlet. The simplest eateries are called warung. These are either stationary or they are erected in the late afternoon. A meal in such a food stall usually costs the equivalent of 1-2 Euro. The most common term for restaurant is rumah makan and refers to stationary restaurants with chairs rather than wooden benches. The term rumah makan can refer to a cheap restaurant not much di fferent from a warung but can also refer to high-class restaurants. The Dutch loanword restoran is sometimes reserved for better restaurants. You will also see restaurants that are called resto. These are trendy restaurants with menus entirely in English. They tend to be expensive, and often serve foreign food. Examples are Samarra: Satay and Wine Resto and Naniura Sushi Bar & Resto in Jakarta or Bawean Resto in Bandung.
Exercise 04-01 Good Indonesian food! How many di fferent foods can you identify here? Study the vocabulary cards for this lesson carefully, then label the picture with Indonesian terms for the various items you recognise.
Lesson 4
Exercise 04-02 Air—teh—pisang—nasi—ikan—daging— susu—kopi—telur
Utter the words of the nine items above. Each item gives you the name of a common food or drink. Insert this word after the verb makan or minum in a sentence like the sentences practised in the substitution exercise above. For example, if the cue word i s ikan you might write something like: Saya suka makan ikan di pasar. Write one sentence for each item.
Asking “Yes or No?” If you want to ask a question in Indonesian that demands an “either/or” answer – usually YES or NO – you begin the question with the word apakah. Apakah can often be regarded as more or less equivalent to the English “Do you...?” or “Are you...?” or “Isn’t it that...?”. For example, in English we can ask “Do you like to drink coffee?” The answer to this is either “Yes” or “No” (which is why we call this kind of question a “yes/no question”). The equivalent question in Indonesian begins with apakah. Study these examples. Apakah Anda suka minum kopi?
If the answer to this question is “no” you use tidak: Saya tidak suka minum kopi.
Yati Irman
Yati Irman
Yati Irman
Apakah Anda suka makan daging? Do you like meat? Tidak. Saya tidak suka makan daging. Saya suka makan ikan. No. I don’t like meat. I like fish.
Apakah Anda suka makan mi? Do you like noodles? Tidak. Saya tidak suka makan mi. Saya suka makan nasi. No. I don’t like noodles. I like rice. Apakah Anda suka minum bir di Rumah Makan Pak Kumis? Do you like drinking beer at Pak Kumis’ Restaurant? Tidak. Saya tidak suka minum bir di rumah makan. Saya minum bir di rumah. No. I don’t like drinking beer in restaurants. I drink beer at home.
Lesson 4
Nanti Dulu... Gua Kepingin Ngomong! (Hang on a sec! I wanna have my say!) Like all living languages Indonesian has formal and informal (or slangy) usage. It is important to get to know both ways of talking. You should work hard to get a good command of formal Indonesian (which is what is mostly used in The Indonesian Way ) because formal Indonesian is very “portable”. It is used right across the country, whereas informal or slangy usage tends to be more specific to certain places. A good command of formal Indonesian also enables you to converse in various social situations without offending anyone by using slangy language that might be seen as impertinent or sloppy. On the other hand, a good command of informal usage gives you “street cred”. It enables you to interact with people in a more intimate, relaxed, friendly way – especially with young people. And being relaxed and friendly is important in Indonesia. Informal usage takes a variety of forms. Indonesian has many pairs of words that mean roughly the same thing, but one of the pair is used in formal situations and the other in informal situations. For example, the formal pronoun Anda (you) becomes kamu in informal or intimate conversation. In some cases formal words are shortened. For example, saja (just) becomes aja, and bukan (no, not) can become kan in some contexts. In other instances words are shortened by dropping a prefix or suffix. For example, berjalan (to walk) becomes simply jalan, and apakah (marker of a “yes/no” question) becomes apa. Elsewhere, informal or slangy words are borrowed from salty local dialects or from regional languages. For example, the formal Indonesian word tidak (no, not) has the informal variants nggak (from Surabaya Javanese), ndak (from the Minangkabau language of West Sumatra) or kagak (from Jakarta Malay). Dapat (can, able to) is mainly used in formal written Indonesian and is almost always replaced by the more informal bisa borrowed from Javanese, an d mau or ingin (to want something) can be replaced by the slangy kepingin – also commonly spelled kepengen and kepengin – (from Javanese). Even borrowings from foreign languages can be informal or slangy compared with their standard Indonesian-language counterparts. For example the formal word wisatawan (a tourist) competes with an informal equivalent turis, and the English pronoun you is a commonly heard slangy substitute for the formal pronoun Anda. As you work through the lessons in The Indonesian Way , from time to time you will be invited to explore informal or slangy usage. These sections will be marked with this icon J representing informal conversation or chit-chat. Make a start on the next page.
In a Streetside Eatery Study this simple conversation in formal Indonesian. Your body language should match the formality of the conversation you are studying. Sit formally upright with a serious look on your face and practice saying the conversation on the left until you have memorised it. Formal / Serious Apakah Anda mau minum teh?
Tidak. Terima kasih. Saya tidak suka minum teh. Saya mau minum kopi manis saja.
Kopi manis? Saya tidak bisa minum kopi manis.
O begitu. Apakah Anda bisa makan tahu?
Bisa!
Oh? Saya kira Anda tidak suka makan tahu!
Lesson 4 Loll back in your chair. Maybe lift your feet from the floor and sit cross-legged on the chair. Re lax and smile. Study the following conversation until you can say it perfectly in a friendly, relaxed way. Informal / Relaxed Apa kamu mau minum teh?
Nggak. Makasih. Aku nggak suka minum teh. Aku kepingin minum kopi manis aja.
Kopi manis? Aku nggak bisa minum kopi manis.
O gitu. Apa kamu bisa makan tahu?
Bisa!
Hah? Aku kira kamu nggak suka makan tahu.
Exercise 04-03 Following the model above, write an informal equivalent of the formal dialogue given in the left hand column. Formal / Serious
A Apakah Anda mau makan nasi? B Tidak. Terima kasih. Saya mau minum kopi saja. A Apakah Anda tidak bisa makan nasi? B Bisa. Saya tidak suka makan di restoran ini. A O begitu.
Informal / Relaxed
Lesson 4
Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the items on the left to their translations on the right. duduk
a shop
gereja
market
kantor
I, me, my
makan
to drink
mau
house, home
minum
office
pasar
to eat
rumah
to sit
saya
to want
toko
church
Latihan 2—Formal & Informal Speech Listen to the formal and informal versions of the same conversation ( Sound File 004-02 and 004-03 ). The transcript of the formal version has been provided: Bejo:
Apakah Anda mau minum teh?
Widya:
Tidak. Terima kasih. Saya tidak suka minum teh. Saya mau minum kopi manis saja.
Bejo:
Kopi manis? Saya tidak bisa minum kopi manis.
Widya:
O begitu. Apakah Anda bisa makan tahu?
Bejo:
Bisa.
Widya:
Oh? Saya kira Anda tidak suka makan tahu!
Now, listen to the informal version again and write the informal variation of the word for each formal word. Answer Here 1. What is the informal word for Anda? 2. What is the informal word for tidak ? 3. What is the informal variation for terima kasih? 4. What is the informal variation of saya? 5. What is the informal variant for mau? 6. What is the informal variant for apakah?
Lesson 4
Latihan 3—Isian Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat.—Fill in the gaps by choosing the appropriate word. Formal / Serious
Apakah Anda mau __________ teh?
Tidak. Terima kasih. Saya tidak __________ minum teh. Saya mau minum kopi manis saja.
Kopi manis? __________ tidak bisa minum kopi manis.
O begitu. Apakah __________ bisa makan tahu?
Bisa!
Oh? Saya kira Anda tidak suka __________ tahu!
Informal / Relaxed
Apa __________ mau minum teh?
Nggak. __________. Aku nggak suka minum teh. Aku __________ minum kopi manis __________.
Kopi manis? Aku nggak __________ minum kopi manis.
O __________. Apa kamu bisa makan tahu?
Bisa!
Hah? Aku __________ kamu __________ suka makan tahu.
Latihan 4—Rangkai Kata Urutkan kata-kata berikut menjadi kalimat yang baik sesuai dengan arti di bawah ini.— Reorder the Indonesian words below to say: 1. “Do you like to eat meat?” Apakah—makan—Anda—suka—daging? 2.
“I donʼt like to eat meat.” Saya—suka—makan—tidak—daging.
3. “Do you like drinking beer at Pak Kumisʼ Restaurant?” Apakah—suka—Makan—bir—di—Anda—minum—Rumah—Pak Kumis? 4.
“Do you like eating fish and tofu?” Apakah—suka—ikan—dan—makan—kamu—tahu?
Lesson 4
Latihan 5—Menjodohkan (Matching) Jodohkan kalimat di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the sentences on the left to their translations on the right. 1. Apakah Anda mau makan di restoran?
a. Are you able to eat tofu?
2. Apakah Anda bisa makan tahu?
b. Do you want to eat at the restaurant?
3. Apakah Anda akan tinggal di rumah?
c. Are you going to sit in the office?
4. Apakah Anda mau minum di pasar?
d. Are you going to stay at home?
5. Apakah Anda suka minum teh?
e. Can you eat eggs?
6. Apakah Anda bisa makan telur?
f. Do you like sitting in the church?
7. Apakah Anda akan duduk di kantor?
g. Do you like to drink tea?
8. Apakah Anda mau makan ayam ?
h. Do you want to eat chicken?
9. Apakah Anda suka duduk di gereja?
i. Do you want to live in Sydney?
10. Apakah Anda mau tinggal di Sydney?
j. Would you like to drink at the market?
Latihan 6—Makan or Minum Each item below gives you the name of a common food or drink. Choose whether it is a makanan (food) or a minuman (drink) item. Food or drink item teh
Makanan/minuman ? minuman
Food or drink item ikan
roti
daging
air
susu
pisang
kopi
nasi
telur
Makanan/minuman ?
Lesson 4
Latihan 7—Menjodohkan Jodohkan gambar dengan teks.—Match picture to text. air
ikan
pisang
telur
nasi
daging
teh
susu
roti
kopi
Latihan 8—Menyimak Listen to the Sound File 004-04 carefully and say the words aloud. Then write the ten Indonesian words into the blanks provided.
Lesson 4
Latihan 9—Teka Teki Silang (TTS) Across: 2: banana 4: to sit 6: church 7: market 8: to want 10: an egg 11: to eat, to have a meal 13: will, going to 14: an office 15: house, someoneʼs home Down: 1: to live, to stay, reside 3: school 4: can, able to 5: at, in, on 7: factory 9: I, me, my 10: a shop 11: to drink 12: coffee
Lesson 5
05
Review & More Apakah Questions
Aims •
• •
To review the grammar covered in the first four lessons and learn how to use the common connector words dan, atau, juga and tetapi. To practise some variations on apakah questions. To learn new terms for common foods, drinks and places.
Vocabulary Review Warung di Berastagi, Sumatra Utara © Rafouk Raven
Here are some of the frequent words used in this les son that have appeared in previous lessons. Make sure that you remember their meanings.
akan
will
nasi
cooked rice
apakah
question marker
pisang
banana
ayam
chicken
Prancis
France
gedung
building
rumah sakit
hospital
ikan
fish
suka
like, enjoy
ke mana
where to?
telur
egg
mau
want
tinggal
reside, stay
Rambu di Jalan Raya Bahasa (Traffic Signs on Language Highway) In the first four lessons of The Indonesian Way you practised sentences that display several fundamental rules of Indonesian grammar. Let’s sum up the most important of these rules. ✔
Indonesian has no verb “to be”
The basic sentence in Indonesian is often said to consist of a “topic” (the thing or person that is the beginning point for what you want to say) and the “comment” (the information or opinion you give about the topic). The comment may have a verb in it (like makan, duduk, tinggal etc.), but it may also be just a name, or a place, or a char acteristic etc. In the latter case, the topic and comment simply stand side by side in the sentence.
Lesson 5
It is quite common for the comment to come first, followed by the topic. But usually the topic comes first, as it does in these sentences. Saya Paulus. I am Paulus.
Ini Erna This is Erna.
Anda dari Arab Saudi? You are from Saudi Arabia?
Notice that in the English translation of these sentences we must use the verb “to be” ( is, am, are ). In Indonesian there is no counterpart to the English verb “to be” in these kinds of sentences, so it is important for English-speaking learners to resist the temptation to fill what they may feel is a “gap” by inserting a word that represents “to be”. ✔
Word order can be very different from that of English
Often the order of components in an Indonesian sentence is the same as the order of compon ents in an English sentence. Compare these two sentences. Saya tinggal di Jakarta
I live in Jakarta
As we have already seen, prepositions (words like to, on, with, by, for etc.) come before a noun in Indonesian as they do in English. ke gereja
to church
dari sekolah
from school
di pasar
at the market
In questions, a question-word (like what, where, who etc.) may appear at the beginning of a sentence or clause as it usually does in English. Siapa nama Anda?
What is your name?
Apa kabar?
How are you? (literally: What news?)
Apa kamu suka pisang?
Do you like bananas?
But it is very important not to get lulled into a false sense of security here. Very often word or der in Indonesian is di fferent – radically di fferent – from that of English. For example a ques tion-word may appear at the end of a sentence or clause in Indonesian. You have already seen a couple of examples of this. Mau ke mana?
Where are you going?
Anda berasal dari mana?
Where do you come from?
Noun phrases may also have a word order di fferent from that of English noun phrases. A noun phrase is an “expansion” of a noun. For example, the noun “house” can be expanded to pro duced noun phrases like “my house”, “a big house”, “my very big house” etc. In these kinds of phrases the word “house” is called the headword, and the other components of the phrase are the adjunct. As you can see, in English the adjunct comes before the headword. But in Indonesian the opposite may be the case – the headword may come first and the adjunct follow. This applies in noun phrases that express possession. Compare these phrases. nama Anda
your name
kantor saya
my office
toko Anda
your shop
sekolah John
John’s school
gedung saya
my building
rumah Bu Nur
Mrs Nur’s house
Lesson 5
When you are talking about possession in Indonesian it is very important to get word order cor rect. If you want to say, for example, “your factory” and you transfer English word order into In donesian, you will produce the incorrect phrase * Anda pabrik , literally “you are a factory”!
Asking Someone to Express a Preference Apakah (informally apa ) comes at the beginning of questions asking someone indicate a prefer ence by choosing between two or more possibilities. “Do you like this or that?” “Do you want this or that?” The Indonesian word for “or” in this context is atau. Study these questions and answers. Repeat them out loud over and over until they roll easily o ff the tongue.
Apakah Anda suka makan nasi atau kentang? Do you like eating rice or potatoes? Apakah Anda mau tinggal di Yogya atau di Solo? Do you want to live in Yogya or Solo? Apakah Anda akan pergi ke warung atau mal? Are you going to go to the eatery or the mall? ☺ Apa kamu suka kopi atau teh? Do you like coffee or tea? Apakah Anda suka Jepang, Cina atau Filipina? Do you like Japan, China or the Philippines? ☺ Apa kamu mau ke rumah sakit atau ke hotel? Do you want to go to the hospital or the hotel?
Saya suka makan kentang. I like eating potatoes. Saya mau tinggal di Solo. I want to live in Solo. Saya akan pergi ke warung. I'm going to go to the eatery. ☺ Aku suka teh. I like tea. Saya suka Jepang. I like Japan ☺ Aku mau ke rumah sakit. I want to go to the hospital.
By using a few connector words your answers to these questions can be very varied. You have already met the connector word dan (and) and atau (or). Add to these tetapi (but), informally ☺ tapi , and juga (also). With these resources and the words for places, foods and drinks that you have learned to this point, you can give very elaborate answers to apakah questions that ask about preferences. Here is an example.
Apakah Anda suka minum teh di pasar?
T
idak. Saya tidak suka minum teh di pasar, tetapi saya suka minum teh di restoran atau di warung. Saya juga suka minum kopi, tetapi saya tidak suka minum kopi di Starbucks. Saya suka minum kopi di warung. Saya juga suka makan di mal. Saya suka makan ayam goreng dan nasi di restoran California Fried Chicken, tetapi saya tidak suka makan kentang goreng di sana. Apakah Anda suka makan kentang goreng di California Fried Chicken? Actually, the model answer above could go on and on almost ad infinitum. Let’s review the vocabulary that you could use to give an even longer-winded answer to the question. First foods: ayam daging
ikan nasi pisang
telur tahu durian nasi goreng ayam goreng
roti
kentang coklat buah-buahan kentang goreng
Lesson 5
Now drinks: air
kopi
bir air jeruk
susu teh
pasar swalayan
terminal bus bioskop warung hotel rumah makan
rumah sekolah toko rumah sakit universitas kantor pos warnet
Jepang Jerman Mesir Thailand Belanda Prancis
Rusia Selandia Baru Singapura Yunani Australia Indonesia
Now places:
gedung gereja kantor mesjid pabrik pasar restoran
mal
And finally countries: Amerika Serikat Arab Saudi Cina Filipina Inggris Italia
Using makan (eat), minum (drink) and tinggal (stay, live) you can talk about • • • •
what you like ( suka ) or don’t like ( tidak suka ) to eat/drink/do, and where ( d ); i what you want ( mau ) or don’t want ( tidak mau ) to eat/drink/do, and where ( d ); i what you can ( dapat/bisa ) or can’t ( tidak dapat/bisa ) eat/drink/do, and where ( d ); i and what you are going ( akan ) to do or not going ( tidak akan ) to eat/drink/do, and where ( d ). i
Exercise 05-01 With the resources provided above, you can produce literally millions of unique combinations. You can stitch together what you say using tetapi (but), dan (and), juga (also) and atau (or). So now challenge yourself. How long can you talk in correct Indonesian? Look at your watch and set yourself a target. Half a minute? One minute? Two minutes? More? Then give a long answer to one of the questions below. Begin your answer with tidak . Don’t worry if your answer is rambling... in fact it should be very, very rambling. Talk about as many foods, drinks and places as you can. Go on... be an Indonesian wind bag. Apakah Anda bisa makan tahu dan ikan? Apakah Anda mau minum bir di hotel atau di rumah? Apakah Anda suka tinggal di Amerika Serikat atau Jepang? Apakah Anda mau tinggal di Indonesia? Apakah Anda akan makan di hotel atau di restoran?
Lesson 5
Where Are You Going Now? The Indonesian word for “now” is sekarang. It can appear at various places in a sentence, in cluding at the beginning and at the end. Sekarang Anda mau ke mana? Kamu mau ke mana sekarang?
Where are you going now? By using sekarang you can make further variations and refinements in the dialogues you have been practising. Study this dialogue and try to learn it by heart. Notice how saya kira (I was under the impression that..., I thought that....) and O begitu (Oh really? Is that so?) are used to give life to the conversation.
Dialogue Edi
Nur... mau ke mana sekarang?
Nur
Edi! Apa kabar! Saya mau ke mal.
Edi
Ke mal? Apakah Anda mau makan di sana?
Nur
Tidak. Saya tidak suka makan di mal.
Edi
Oh? Saya kira Anda suka makan di mal.
Nur
Tidak. Saya suka makan di pasar atau di warung.
Edi
O begitu. Apakah Anda mau makan di warung sekarang?
Nur
Tidak. Saya mau pergi ke mal sekarang. Saya mau minum kopi di sana.
Edi
O... Anda suka minum kopi? Saya kira Anda tidak suka kopi.
Nur
Saya suka minum kopi, tetapi saya tidak suka minum bir atau teh.
Edi
O begitu. Saya juga tidak suka bir, tetapi saya suka minum teh.
And here is the same dialogue in more informal style... Notice that in informal usage akan is often replaced by mau and tetapi is shortened t o tapi . Also the word pergi is often dropped. So, for example, the formal sentence Saya akan pergi ke kantor tetapi saya tidak mau makan di sana becomes ☺ Aku mau ke kantor tapi aku nggak mau makan di sana. Edi
Nur... mau ke mana nih?
Nur
Edi! Apa kabar! Aku mau ke mal.
Edi
Ke mal? Mau makan di sana?
Nur
Nggak. Aku nggak suka makan di mal.
Edi
Hah? Aku kira kamu suka makan di mal.
Nur
Nggak. Aku suka makan di pasar atau di warung.
Edi
O gitu. Apa kamu mau makan di warung sekarang?
Lesson 5
Nur
Nggak. Aku mau ke mal sekarang. Aku mau minum kopi di sana.
Edi
O... kamu suka minum kopi di mal? Aku kira kamu nggak suka kopi.
Nur
Aku suka minum kopi, tapi aku nggak suka minum bir atau teh.
Edi
O gitu. Aku juga nggak suka bir, tapi aku suka minum teh.
Latihan 1 — Kosa Kata Lalu Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan. —Match the items on the left to their translations on the right.
akan
a building
nasi
banana
apakah
to want
pisang
egg
ayam
fish
Prancis
cooked rice
gedung
chicken
suka
to stay
ikan
question tag
telur
France
mau
will, going to
tinggal
to like
Latihan 2 — Kosa Kata Lalu: Negara Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan. —Match the items on the left to their translations on the right. Refer to Lesson 2 for the world map.
1. Amerika Serikat
a. Japan
2. Arab Saudi
b. Egypt
3. Cina
c. Germany
4. Filipina
d. China
5. Inggris
e. The Netherlands
6. Italia
f. Russia
7. Jepang
g. The United Kingdom
8. Jerman
h. Saudi Arabia
9. Mesir
i. France
10. Belanda
j. Italy
11. Prancis
k. The United States
12. Rusia
l. New Zealand
13. Selandia Baru
m. Singapore
14. Singapura
n. Greece
15. Yunani
o. The Philippines
Lesson 5
Latihan 3 — Pemahaman: Percakapan Jawablah pertanyaan berikut sesuai dengan percakapan. —Refer to Sound File 005-01 to answer the following questions.
1. Where is Nur going? A. Shop B. School C. Mall D. Supermarket 2. Does Nur want to eat at the mall? A. Yes B. No 3. Where does Nur want to eat? A. Supermarket B. Market C. Streetside eatery D. None of the above 4. Does Nur like coffee or tea? __________ 5. Does Nur like to drink beer? A. Yes B. No 6. Does Edi like to drink beer? A. Yes B. No
Latihan 4—Ragam Formal dan Informal Jawablah pertanyaan berikut sesuai dengan percakapan. —Refer to the dialogue to answer the following questions.
What is the informal version for saya? What is the informal variant of tidak ? What is the informal variant for Anda? What is the informal variant of begitu? What is the informal variant of tetapi ?
Lesson 5
Latihan 5—Ragam Formal Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat sesuai rekaman.—Listen to Sound File 005-01 and fill in the blanks. Edi
Nur... mau ke mana __________?
Nur
Edi! Apa kabar! Saya mau ke mal.
Edi
Ke mal? Apakah Anda __________ makan di sana?
Nur
Tidak. Saya tidak suka makan di mal.
Edi
Oh? Saya __________ Anda suka makan di mal.
Nur
Tidak. Saya suka makan di __________ atau di warung.
Edi
O begitu. Apakah Anda mau makan di warung sekarang?
Nur
Tidak. Saya mau __________ ke mal sekarang. Saya mau minum kopi di sana.
Edi
O... Anda suka minum kopi? Saya kira Anda tidak suka kopi.
Nur
Saya suka minum kopi, __________ saya tidak suka minum bir atau teh.
Edi
O begitu. Saya juga tidak suka bir, tetapi saya __________ minum teh.
Latihan 6—Ragam Informal Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat. —Listen to Sound File 005-02 and fill in the blanks with words from the informal register. Edi
Nur... mau ke mana nih?
Nur
Edi! Apa kabar! __________ mau ke mal.
Edi
Ke mal? Mau makan di sana?
Nur
Nggak. Aku nggak suka makan di mal.
Edi
Hah? Aku kira __________ suka makan di mal.
Nur
Nggak. Aku suka makan di pasar atau di warung.
Edi
O __________. Apa kamu mau makan di warung sekarang?
Nur
__________. Aku mau ke mal sekarang. Aku mau minum kopi di sana.
Edi
O... kamu suka minum kopi di mal? Aku kira kamu nggak suka kopi.
Nur
Aku suka minum kopi, _________ aku nggak suka minum bir atau teh.
Edi
O gitu. Aku juga nggak suka bir, tapi aku suka minum teh.
Lesson 5
Latihan 7 — Isian: Apakah Anda suka minum teh di pasar? Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat. —Fill in the gaps by choosing the appropriate word from the following wordlist: atau—di sana—goreng—juga—kentang goreng—kopi—suka—warung
Tidak. Saya tidak __________ minum teh di pasar, tetapi saya suka minum teh di resto ran __________ di __________. Saya juga suka minum kopi, tetapi saya tidak suka minum kopi di Starbucks. Saya juga suka minum __________ di warung. Saya __________ suka makan di mal. Saya suka makan ayam __________ dan nasi di restoran California Fried Chicken, tetapi saya tidak suka makan kentang goreng __________. Apakah Anda juga suka makan kentang goreng di California Fried Chicken ?
Latihan 8 —Menjodohkan Jodohkan kalimat di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan. —Match the items on the left to their translations on the right.
1. Apakah Anda suka makan nasi atau kentang?
a. Are you going to go to the little eatery or the mall?
2. Apakah Anda mau tinggal di Prancis atau di Jerman?
b. Do you like coffee or tea?
3. Apakah Anda akan pergi ke warung atau mal?
c. Do you like eating rice or potatoes?
4. Apa kamu suka kopi atau teh?
d. Do you like Japan, China or the Philippines?
5. Apakah Anda suka Jepang, Cina atau Filipina?
e. Do you want to go to the hospital or the hotel?
6. Apa kamu mau ke rumah sakit atau hotel?
f. Do you want to live in France or Germany?
Latihan 9 — Rangkai Kata Urutkanlah kata-kata di bawah ini menjadi kalimat yang baik s esuai arti di bawah ini.— Reorder the Indonesian words below to say:
1. “Do you like eating rice or potatoes?” Anda—Apakah—makan—atau—nasi—suka—kentang? 2. “Do you want to live in France or Germany?” Apakah—mau—atau—tinggal—di—Anda—Prancis—Jerman?
Lesson 5
3. “Are you going to go to the little eatery or the mall?” Apakah—atau—akan—ke—warung—pergi—Anda—mal? 4. “Do you like coffee or tea?” Apa—atau—suka—kopi—kamu—teh? 5. “Do you want to go to the hospital or the hotel?” Apa—sakit—mau—ke—kamu—rumah—ke—atau—hotel?
Latihan 10 —Makan dan Minum Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan. —Match the items on the left to their translations on the right. ayam
tofu
coklat
orange juice
daging
potato
buah-buahan
fried rice
telur
meat
air
chocolate
tahu
fish
bir
coffee
roti
egg
kopi
tea
kentang
cooked rice
air jeruk
beer
ikan
chicken
susu
fruits
nasi
bread
teh
milk
pisang
banana
nasi goreng
water
Latihan 11 — Tempat Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan. —Match the items on the left to their translations on the right.
gedung
office
bioskop
shop
gereja
house, home
hotel
hospital
kantor
mosque
kantor pos
university
mesjid
restaurant
mal
post office
pabrik
church
pasar swalayan
internet café
pasar
small eatery
rumah sakit
supermarket
restoran
school
terminal bus
shopping centre
rumah
market
toko
bus terminal
sekolah
factory
universitas
cinema
warung
building
warnet
hotel
Lesson 6
06
Asking About Distance and Location
Aims • • •
To practise the order of words in noun phrases To introduce and practise some common prepositions of place To practise describing the distance and location of places
Vocabulary Review Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous lessons. Make sure that you remember their meanings.
Shutterstock
apakah
question tag
kantor
office
ayam
chicken
pasar swalayan
supermarket
daging
meat
rumah sakit
hospital
gedung
building
universitas
university
jauh
far
More on Word Order In English noun phrases the adjunct (i.e. the word that describes or “qualifies” a noun) comes before the headword (the noun). So you say, for example, “the administration building”, “the post office”, “the book shop”, “the government office”, “the city centre”, “the university campus” and so on. In Indonesian noun phrases in which one noun is modified by another noun, the modifier ad junct comes after the headword – the reverse of English word order. So you say terminal bus (the bus terminal), kantor polisi (the police station), toko kain (the cloth shop), pabrik kopi (the coffee factory), pusat kota (the city centre), kampus universitas (the university campus) and so on. This is also true when you want to say the name of a place – the name (the modifier adjunct) comes after the place (the headword). For example you say kota New York (New York city), Bank Mandiri (Mandiri Bank), Toko Fajar (Fajar store), sekolah Santo Paulus (St. Pauls’s school), gedung
Lesson 6 Lippo (the Lippo Building), Jalan Lumumba (Lumumba Street), Mesjid Al-Akbar (Al-Akbar Mosque) and so on. Study these sentences and observe how word order works in noun phrases and place names. Saya mau makan di Rumah Makan Garuda. I am going to eat at Garuda Restaurant Santi akan pergi ke Mesjid An-Nur. Santi is going to go to An-Nur Mosque. Apakah Anda bisa pergi ke gedung administrasi? Can you go to the administration building? Apa kamu suka tinggal di Jalan Kesambi? Do you like living on Kesambi Street? Pak Purba di toko buku sekarang. Mr Purba is at the book shop right now.
Exercise 06-01 Warung Bu Lastri
W
arung Bu Lastri bagus. Saya suka makan pisang goreng di sana. Saya juga makan nasi goreng di sana. Warung Bu Lastri di Jalan Ambon. Saya juga suka duduk di terminal bus minum kopi Timor dan makan ikan goreng. Saya suka pergi ke Bioskop Holly wood di Mal Ciputra. Mal Ciputra tidak jauh dari gedung pemerintah dan pabrik coklat di Jalan Mandela.
Translate the above reading passage into good English taking great care to get the English word order right when it is di fferent from Indonesian word order.
Is It Far? The Indonesian for “a long way” or “far” is jauh. (Don’t forget to audibly breathe the final /h/ on words like jauh, rumah, sekolah etc.) So “nearby” or “not far” is tidak jauh, or dekat (nearby). Apakah mesjid jauh dari sini? Is the mosque far from here? Apakah Inggris jauh dari Belanda? Is Britain far from the Netherlands? Apakah Toko Buku Gramedia jauh dari pusat kota? Is Gramedia Book Shop far from the city centre? Apakah Toko Matahari jauh dari kampus Universitas Andalas? Is Matahari Store far from the campus of Andalas University?
Lesson 6
Exercise 06-02 Use each of the following words in a question starting with apakah which asks whether the place is “a long way from ...”. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ambon restoran Warung Ayu pasar pabrik teh Bali
6. kota Denpasar 7. perpustakaan kota 8. gereja Katolik 9. sekolah Santo Paulus 10.toko buku Widyasari
Some Common Prepositions of Place Prepositions are small words (or sometimes phrases) that, in Indonesian as in English, occur in front of nouns. Many of them tell us where something is located in relation to something else. Some English prepositions in this category are “at”, “in”, “on”, “in front of”, “behind”, and “be side”. There are also prepositions that tell us about direction/destination or point of origin, like “to”, “from” and “towards”. In Indonesian the most common preposition of place is di . You can use di for a host of locations, especially if you do not need to be too precise about exactly where something is. Thus: di rumah at home
di Surabaya in Surabaya
di kantor in the office
di toko at the shop
di mesjid at the mosque
di mesjid in the mosque
di Ambon on Ambon
di pabrik kopi at the coffee factory
As you can see, di gives a rough indication of location and has many possible equivalents in English. But sometimes you need to be more precise about the exact location of something vis-avis something else. So you combine di with another word. For example: di depan in front of
di antara between
di belakang behind
di samping beside
di dekat ..... near ......
If you want to ask “where?” you also use a question word with di ( di mana ). The answer to a question with di mana should usually have di in it too. Study these questions and their answers ( Sound File 006-01 ). Di mana Flores? Where is Flores? Flores di Indonesia, tidak jauh dari Timor. Flores is in Indonesia, not far from Timor. Di mana Pasar Legi? Where is Legi Market?
Lesson 6 Pasar Legi di depan kantor pos tidak jauh dari Restoran Sudimono. Legi Market is in front of the post office not far from Sudimono Restaurant. Di mana perpustakaan pusat? Where is the central library? Perpustakaan pusat di samping gedung imigrasi di dekat Universitas Nasional. The central library is beside the immigration building near the National University. Di mana Restoran Cirebon? Where is Cirebon Restaurant? Restoran Cirebon di Jalan Malioboro, di depan Pasar Beringharjo, tidak jauh dari Hotel Mutiara. Cirebon Restaurant is in Malioboro St., in front of Beringharjo Market not far from Mutiara Hotel. Di mana toko buku Gramedia? Where is Gramedia book shop? Toko Buku Gramedia di samping Toko Ramai di Jalan Kartini. Gramedia Bookshop is beside Ramai Store on Kartini Street. Di mana rumah Pak Utomo? Where is Mr Utomo’s house? Rumah Pak Utomo di Jalan Toba, di samping sekolah di belakang pasar pusat. Mr Utomo’s house is in Toba St., beside the school behind the central market. Di mana Shanghai? Where is Shanghai? Shanghai di antara Hong Kong dan Beijing. Shanghai is between Hong Kong and Beijing.
Exercise 06-03 Look at this map of an imaginary Indonesian town. Answer the following questions by referring to the map. Each answer should have at least two indications of location, as in the model sen tences on the previous page. Use combinations of the following prepositions: di—di depan—di belakang—di antara—di samping—di dekat—tidak jauh dari—jauh dari
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Di mana Terminal Bus? Di mana Bank Mandiri? Di mana Toko Kain Beludru? Di mana Toko Fajar? Di mana Sekolah SMA Negeri II?
Now it is your turn to make the questions from the answers provided below. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Di antara Rumah Sakit Medika Griya dan terminal bus. Di Jalan Merdeka, di antara Jalan Bromo dan Jalan Krakatau. Di samping Bank Mandiri. Di belakang Universitas Pembangunan. Di depan Toko Kain Beludru.
Lesson 6
Mini Role Play: “Where Is That Place?” You will recall back in Lesson 3 you practised the questions Mau ke mana? and Dari mana? Let’s use these questions as a beginning point for a mini role play. Here is the situation.... you are walking in the street and you meet an acquaintance. After an initial greeting, you ask “Where are you going?” or “Where are you coming from?” Your acquaintance answers that he/she is going to – or just coming from – a certain place, or building, or shop, or restaurant, or someone’s home. From this point your conversation can take off, because you want to know very precisely where that place is. The small stock of words and sentence patterns you have studied so far can generate literally an unlimited number of combinations and variations. So there is a huge amount you can say. In fact, potentially, this conversation can go on for ever. With a partner or with your tutor/teacher, use the following steps to get started talking. •
Greetings and brief initial small talk, e.g. Selamat siang, Bu Hakim. Apa kabar? Baik-baik saja.
•
“Where are you going?” Or “Where have you just come from?” Mau ke mana, Bu? / Dari mana, Bu? Saya mau pergi ke Pasar Legi. /Dari Pasar Legi.
•
“Where is that?” Di mana Pasar Legi, Bu? Jauh dari sini. / Tidak jauh dari sini.
You then ask for, or give, detailed information about the location of Pasar Legi. After that you then move on to ask about other places. So, the conversation might develop like this: •
Apakah Pasar Legi jauh dari pusat kota? Tidak. Pasar Legi di dekat gedung bioskop, di samping Toko Kartika. O begitu. Di belakang rumah sakit? Ya, di belakang rumah sakit, dan di depan kantor polisi. O begitu. Di mana kantor polisi? .... .... ....
By using Saya kira... you can express surprise and/or make a correction. For example: •
Pabrik Nike tidak jauh dari Gereja Juru Selamat. O begitu. Saya kira Pabrik Nike di dekat rumah sakit! Tidak. Pabrik Nike di dekat Gereja Juru Selamat.
Lesson 6 And you can ask about likes and dislikes in food and drink. For example: Apakah Anda suka makan di Restoran Kemiri? Ya, suka. Saya suka makan ayam goreng di sana. O begitu. Apakah Anda juga minum air jeruk di Restoran Kemiri?
•
Time yourself. How long can you sustain a dialogue like this with your partner? Instead of using these unfamiliar sites, feel free to substitute them with places and landmarks you are familiar with.
Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu Jodohkanlah kata di kolom kiri dengan terjemahannya di kolom kanan. apakah
hospital
kantor
meat
ayam
a building
pasar swalayan
university
daging
chicken
rumah sakit
supermarket
gedung
far
universitas
office
jauh
the “question tag”
Latihan 2—Pemahaman Referring to the narrative “Warung Bus Lastri”, answer the following questions. 1.
What does the narrator like to eat at Bu Lastri’s streetside eatery stall? Select all that apply. A. B. C. D.
2.
cakes fried chicken fried bananas fried rice
While at the bus terminal, what is one thing that the narrator likes to do? A. drink coffee B. drink beer C. eat cakes and pastries D. relax
3. According to the passage, does the narrator enjoy going to the cinema? A. Yes B. No 4. Is the mall far from the government buildings? A. Yes, quite far. B. No, not far at all.
Lesson 6 5.
What kind of factory is the factory on Mandela Street? A. Cakes B. Chocolate C. Buses D. School Supplies
Latihan 3—Isian Warung Bu Lastri __________. Saya suka makan __________ goreng di sana. Saya __________ makan nasi goreng di sana. Warung Bu Lastri di Jalan Ambon. Saya juga suka __________ di terminal bus minum __________ Timor dan makan ikan __________ Saya suka pergi ke Bioskop Hollywood di Mal Ciputra. Mal Ciputra tidak jauh dari ge dung __________ dan pabrik __________ di Jalan Mandela.
Latihan 4—Pilihan Ganda Refer to the map above to answer the following questions. Find each place listed and select all of the statements that apply for each question. 1.
Di mana Universitas Pembangunan? A. B. C. D. E.
di depan gereja di seberang terminal bus di belakang Bank Mandiri jauh dari kantor polisi di belakang kantor polisi
2.
Di mana Toko Mas? A. di depan kantor polisi B. di belakang kantor polisi C. di samping kantor polisi D. jauh dari kantor polisi
3.
Di mana Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri II? A. di Jalan Gajah Mada B. di depan pabrik kopi C. jauh dari pabrik kopi D. di belakang pabrik kopi
4. Di mana Toko Kain Beludru? A. di dekat Toko Fajar. B. di belakang Gereja Masehi Injil C. di depan Gereja Masehi Injil D. di samping Gereja Masehi Injil E. jauh dari Terminal Bus. 5. Di mana kantor polisi? A. di belakang Universitas Pembangunan B. di samping Gereja Masehi Injil
Lesson 6 C. di samping Mesjid Al-Akbar D. di samping Bank Mandiri E. di belakang Toko Mas
Latihan 5—Menyimak: Pertanyaan dan Jawaban Listen to Sound File 006-02 and choose the correct answer for each sentence you hear: 1.
a. Inggris tidak jauh dari Belanda.
2.
b. Pak Purba di toko buku sekarang.
3.
c. Santi akan pergi ke Mesjid An-Nur.
4.
d. Tidak, mesjid tidak jauh.
5.
e. Tidak, saya tidak mau makan di Rumah Makan Garuda.
6.
f. Toko Matahari di belakang Universitas Andalas.
7.
g. Ya, bisa.
8.
h. Ya, saya suka tinggal di sana.
9.
i. Ya, Toko Buku Gramedia jauh dari pusat kota.
Latihan 6—Menjodohkan Jodohkan kata di kolom kiri dengan artinya di kolom kanan 1. Di mana pasar yang besar?
a. Cirebon Restaurant is in Malioboro St., in front of Beringharjo Market not far from Mutiara Hotel.
2. Pasar itu di depan kantor pos tidak jauh dari restoran ibu saya.
b. My father’s house is in Toba St., beside the school behind the central market.
3. Di mana perpustakaan pusat?
c. That market is in front of the post office not far from my mother’s restaurant.
4. Perpustakaan pusat di samping gedung imigrasi di dekat Universitas Nasional.
d. The central library is beside the immigration building near the National University.
5. Restoran di belakang kantor pos dekat sekolah saya.
e. The restaurant is behind the post office near my school.
6. Restoran Cirebon di Jalan Malioboro, di depan Pasar Beringharjo, tidak jauh dari Hotel Mutiara.
f. There is a book shop is beside Ramai Store on Kartini Street.
7. Di mana toko buku?
g. Where is a book shop?
8. Ada toko buku di samping Toko Ramai di Jalan Kartini.
h. Where is the big market?
9. Di mana rumah bapak Anda?
i. Where is the central library?
10. Rumah bapak saya di Jalan Toba, di samping sekolah di belakang pasar pusat.
j. Where is your father’s house?
Lesson 6
Latihan 7—Jawaban Singkat Translate the following phrases into correct Indonesian word order: Aga restaurant
rumah makan Aga
Sarinah store Merdeka Street chicken meat Fajar book shop the immigration office the Cendana Hotel Kliwon Market fried potatoes
Latihan 8—Rangkai Kata Urutkan kata-kata berikut menjadi kalimat yang baik sesuai dengan arti di bawah ini.— Reorder the Indonesian words below to say : 1.
“Hamzah boarding house is in front of the bakery.” Asrama―Hamzah—di—depan—toko—roti.
2.
“Mandiri Bank is (located) between a book store and a school.” Bank—toko—dan—di—buku—Mandiri—antara—sekolah.
3.
“Is Gramedia Book Shop far from the city centre?” Apakah—pusat—Toko—jauh—Buku—dari—Gramedia—kota?
4.
“Matahari Store is near the campus of Andalas University.” Toko—kampus—di—Universitas—dekat—Matahari—Andalas.
5.
“Can you go to the immigration office?” Apakah—ke—bisa—Anda—kantor—pergi—imigrasi?
Lesson 6
Latihan 9—Pilihan Ganda In order to specify where something is exactly located we can use di depan ‘in front of’, di be lakang ‘behind’, and di samping ‘next to’. Special relationship can also be indicated by jauh dari ‘far from’. 1. I live on Oahu Avenue. A. B. C. D.
di di depan di belakang jauh dari
2. My house is far away from the university A. dekat dari B. jauh dari C. jauh di D. di jauh 3. The bank is in front of my house. A. di belakang B. di samping C. di depan D. jauh dari 4.
She puts her jacket behind the door. A. di belakang B. di depan C. jauh dari D. di samping
5. Her house is between a book store and a hospital. A. di belakang B. di depan C. di samping D. di antara
Latihan 10—Menjodohkan Jodohkanlah kata di kolom kiri dengan artinya di kolom kanan 1. di
a. not far from
2. di depan
b. nearby
3. di belakang
c. in front of
4. di samping
d. far from
5. di dekat
e. between
6. tidak jauh dari
f. beside
7. jauh dari
g. behind
8. di antara
h. at, in, on
Lesson 6
Latihan 11—Teka Teki Silang (TTS) Across: 1. meat 3. the word that begins a “yes/no” or “either/or” question 6. now 7. beside, side-by-side 9. bank 12. university 13. chocolate, brown 15. market 16. far 17. building Down: 1. nearby 2. church 4. to go 5. front, next 8. factory 9. behind 10. office 11. mosque 14. chicken
Lesson 7
07
“Whose Is It?”
Aims • •
To practise using possessive phrases. To learn more about answering questions with “yes” and “no”.
Foto: “Ini rumah saya” © U. Kozok
Vocabulary Review Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous lessons. Make sure that you remember their meanings. gedung
building
pemerintah
government
jauh
far away
perpustakaan
library
kota
town
pusat
centre
mesjid
mosque
siapa
who
nggak
(Coll) no
tinggal
stay, reside
Word Order in Indonesian In English noun phrases the adjunct (i.e. the word that describes or “modifies” a noun) comes before the headword (the noun). So you say, for example, “the administration building”, “the post o ffice”, “the book shop”, “the government office”, “the city centre”, “the university campus” and so on. In Indonesian the picture is more mixed. As we have seen, in noun phrases in which one noun is modified by another the modifier comes after the head word – the reverse of English word order. So you say gedung administrasi (the administration building), kantor pos (the post office), toko buku (the book shop), kantor pemerintah (the government office), pusat kota (the city centre), kampus universitas (the university campus) and so on.
Lesson 7 This is also true when you want to say the name of a place – the name (the modifier) comes after the place (the headword). For example you say kota New York (New York city), Restoran Zippy (Zippy’s Restaurant), Toko Matahari (Matahari Store), Sekolah Santo Paulus (St. Paul’s School), Gedung Lippo (the Lippo Building), Jalan Lumumba (Lumumba Street), Mesjid Ar-Rah man (Ar-Rahman Mosque) and so on. BUT in some kinds of noun phrase the adjunct comes before the headword. Take, for example, noun phrases with prepositions. A preposition is a word like above, with, by, for etc. that appears together with a noun and tells you how a noun connects to other words in a sentence. In some languages such words come after the noun they refer to (this is the case in Japanese, Turkish and Hindi, for example) and in some languages they may take the form of a ffixes or case endings (as in Latin and Finnish). But in Indonesian, as in English, a preposition comes before a noun. Cardinal numbers ( one, two, three, ten, fifty-five etc.) also usually come before a noun in Indonesian, as they do in English. But ordinal numbers ( the first, second, third, tenth, fifty-fifth etc.) come after a noun in Indonesian whereas they usually come before a noun in English. In short, in studying Indonesian there is no predictable correspondence between word order in the noun phrases of English and Indonesian to help you.
Word Order When You Are Talking About Possession In English there are words like “my”, “your”, “our”, “his” that enable you to say who owns something or who is associated with something/someone (“my shop”, “your o ffice” etc.). There is also the “apostrophe -s” that you can add to someone’s name to indicate who owns something or is associated with something/someone (“John’s house”, “Mrs Farida’s restaurant” etc.). In Indonesian this notion is expressed in word order. The possessor follows the thing possessed (in Lesson 5 there is an initial description of word order in noun phrases expressing possession). Study these examples: rumah saya my house
buku Anda your book
jalan saya my street
kantor Pak Karyo Mr Karyo’s office
restoran Ibu Prapti Mrs Prapti’s restaurant
rumah Ibu Luh Mrs Luh’s home
Exercise 07-01 Translate this short description of a university campus and its surroundings into English. Your English should not sound like foreign or “Indonesianised” English. It should be clear and natural but at the same time a carefully accurate rendering of the Indonesian original.
U
niversitas Nasional jauh dari pusat kota. Gedung administrasi di pusat kampus. Perpustakaan tidak jauh dari gedung administrasi. Gedung Mandela di dekat gedung administrasi. Toko buku tidak jauh dari Gedung Mandela. Kantor pos universitas juga tidak jauh dari Gedung Mandela. Kantin* kampus di dekat kantor pos. Bank juga di dekat kantor pos. Hotel Sheraton di Jalan Lombok tidak jauh dari kampus universitas. Pasar swalayan Galael juga di Jalan Lombok di dekat Hotel Sheraton. Kantor Imigrasi di Jalan Sudirman, jauh dari Jalan Lombok. *canteen, cafeteria
Lesson 7
Asking “Whose Is It?” and Answering with a Possessive Phrase In Lesson 2 you had a brief meeting with ini (this) in the sentence Ini Erna dari Medan, and again in Lesson 4 in the sentence Saya tidak suka makan di restoran ini . The counterpart pronoun (called a demonstrative pronoun) for indicating people or things that are relatively far away from you is itu (that). Study these examples of how ini and itu can be used. ini rumah saya this is my house
itu nasi Sarah that is Sarah’s rice
ini kantor Pak Hamid this is Mr Hamid’s office
itu roti Anda that is your bread
ini buku saya this is my book
itu toko Pak Purba that is Mr Purba’s shop
You also had a brief meeting with siapa (who) in Lesson 1 in the sentence Siapa nama Anda? You can use siapa to ask who owns something. In such sentences it is equivalent to the English word whose in sentences like “Whose book is this?” But you have to be careful with the Indonesian word order. If whose comes before a noun in English, it comes after a noun in Indonesian. Study these examples. Ini rumah siapa? Whose house is this?
Itu nasi siapa? Whose rice is that?
Ini kantor siapa? Whose office is this?
Itu roti siapa? Whose bread is that?
Ini buku siapa? Whose book is this?
Itu toko siapa? Whose shop is that?s
Now practise asking this kind of question using a substitution exercise as you did back in Lesson 4. You recall the procedure. Listen to Sound File 007-01. Each successive sentence in the exercise has one word changed. The changed word is uttered by a male voice. First listen to the female voice and then change the sentence by incorporating the word uttered by the male voice to produce a new, slightly changed, but still correct sentence. Proceed in this way until you have completed the whole sequence of sentences. Repeat the sequence as many times as necessary until you can produce all the sentences correctly first time, pronouncing them smoothly, and understanding instantly what each one means. Preferably you should do this exercise listening to the sound file, but you can also do it this way: The changed word is given in the list on the right. Place a card over the sentences and cue words. Move the card down and expose the first sentence. Say the sentence out loud, confidently and smoothly. Now look at the cue word on the right. Don’t move the card down yet. In your mind, insert the cue word into the sentence you have just read, substituting it for one of t he words in the sentence so that you produce a new, slightly changed, but still correct sentence. Move the card down exposing the next line, and check that you got your new sentence right. Now make an other new sentence using the new cue word that has come into view on the right. Proceed in this way until you have completed the whole sequence of sentences. Repeat the sequence as many times as necessary until you can produce all the sentences correctly first time, pronouncing them smoothly, and understanding instantly what each one means. Ini rumah siapa?
itu
Itu rumah siapa?
warung
Itu warung siapa?
kopi
Itu kopi siapa?
ini
Ini kopi siapa?
buku
Ini buku siapa?
pisang
Lesson 7 Ini pisang siapa?
itu
Itu pisang siapa?
roti
Itu roti siapa?
ayam
Itu ayam siapa?
Answering “Yes” or “No” There are many ways of answering “yes” or “no” in Indonesian ‒ you don’t always answer with the words ya (yes) or tidak (no). Often you repeat or negate a key word in a question rather than simply saying “yes” or “no”. For example, questions like those in Exercise 06-02 in the previous lesson can be answered with ya or tidak , but in all the questions in Exercise 06-02 there is a key word, jauh, and this can be echoed in the answer. In fact this kind of “echo answer” is very common. Apakah mesjid jauh dari sini? Is the mosque far from here?
Jauh. or Tidak jauh. Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
Simply answering ya or tidak is not wrong, though it sounds a little less emphatic than jauh or tidak jauh. Apakah mesjid jauh dari sini? Is the mosque far from here?
Ya. or Tidak. Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
Indonesian has two allomorphs of the word meaning “yes”: The monosyllabic ya and the bisyllabic iya. Both are frequently used responsively as an a ffirmative marker or a conversational continuer. There is very little di fference between the two except that iya tends to be more emphatic: Apakah kantormu di Jalan Merdeka? Is your office on Merdeka Street? Iya, kantor saya di Jalan Merdeka. Yes, my office is on Merdeka Street.
Kamu and Aku as Possessive Suffixes In informal Indonesian kamu (you) and aku (I, me) have shortened forms, - mu (your) and – ku (my), that can be attached to the rear end of a noun to signify possession. Here are some examples. rumahmu your house
kantormu your office
sekolahmu your school
birmu your beer
rotiku my bread
ayamku my chicken
tokoku my shop
bukuku my book
So when two people who are on close terms with each other are chatting in an informal way they might say something like this:
Lesson 7
Dialogue Listen to Sound File 007-02 and then read the following dialogue between Budi and Sentosa: Sentosa
Bud, di mana rumahmu? Jauh dari sini?
Budi
Nggak. Kamu mau ke sana?
Sentosa
Nggak. Aku kepengin tau aja.
Budi
O gitu. Sekolahku jauh tapi rumahku dekat.
Exercise 07-02 Write out the dialogue above twice, substituting different words for rumah and sekolah. Choose from among these words: warung, gedung, kantor, pabrik, toko, restoran, perpustakaan, bioskop, hotel, warnet. As you complete each rewrite of the dialogue read it out in a relaxed, lively, conversational way. Better still, learn it by heart and practise it with a fellow student or with your teacher/tutor. (By the way, Bud is a friendly abbreviation of Budi , a common name for boys/men. If you are practising this dialogue with a fellow student or teacher/tutor address him or her with an everyday name, informal name or nickname.)
Dialogue Sri & Efendi Efendi meets Sri who has just been to the photo shop ( toko foto ). She shows Efendi photos of her hometown ( foto-foto kota ). Listen to the dialogue between Sri and Efendi in Sound File 007-03, then answer the questions in Exercise 07-03 without looking at the transcript of the dialogue!
Exercise 07-03 Listen once again to Sound File 007-03, and answer the following questions using complete sentences: 1. Apakah Sri berasal dari Jakarta? 2. Di mana Sri tinggal? 3. Apakah Efendi mau ke Yogyakarta? 4. Apakah Solo dekat dari Yogyakarta? 5. Rumah Sri di jalan apa? 6. Dekat rumah Sri ada apa? 7. Apakah rumah Sri jauh dari pusat kota? 8. Sekolah itu di mana? 9. Apakah ada warung dekat rumah Sri? 10. Apakah Pasar Lama jauh dari rumah Sri? 11. Di warung, Sri suka minum apa? 12. Di belakang mesjid ada apa?
Lesson 7
Transcription of the Dialogue Note 1: Don’t read the transcription before you have answered all questions. Note 2: The word ada means ‘there is, there are’. Notice that foto (photograph) has been reduplicated to foto-foto to render it plural. In most cases reduplication is optional as any Indonesian noun can either be singular or plural. Further down in the conversation we hear “Boleh saya lihat foto kamu?” (May I see your photographs?). We also do not know whether there is one food stall, or many food stalls at the market, or whether there is one or more than one book store behind the mosque. Although toko buku is not reduplicated, it can still be plural.
Lesson 7
Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the items on the left to their translations on the right. gedung
no, not (informal)
pemerintah
library
jauh
mosque
perpustakaan
who, whose
kota
far, much
pusat
government
mesjid
city, town
siapa
the centre
nggak
building
Latihan 2—Menyimak 1 Listen to Sound File 007-04 and match the Indonesian sentences that you hear to their translations. Write down the sentences as you hear them. A. Whose bread is that? .................................................................................................................................... B. Whose shop is that? .................................................................................................................................... C. Whose office is this? .................................................................................................................................... D. Whose rice is that? .................................................................................................................................... E. Whose house is this? .................................................................................................................................... F. Whose book is this? ....................................................................................................................................
Latihan 3—Menyimak 2 Listen to Sound File 007-05 and fill the first column with the matching Indonesian phrase. A. your book B. this is my house C. this is my book D. this is father’s office E. that’s her rice
Lesson 7 F. that is your bread G. that is my parents’ shop H. my street
1 rumah saya
I.
my house
J. Mr Karyo’s office K. mother’s restaurant
Latihan 4—Menyimak 3 Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the phrases on the left to their translations on the right. your office
birmu
my shop
sekolahmu
your house
rotiku
my book
ayamku
my bread
tokoku
my chicken
bukuku
your beer
rumahmu
your school
kantormu
Latihan 5—Pemahaman Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut sesuai dengan bacaan.—Refer to the narrative to answer the following questions.
Tempat-tempat di Kotaku
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niversitas Nasional jauh dari pusat kota. Gedung administrasi di pusat kampus. Perpustakaan tidak jauh dari gedung administrasi. Gedung Mandela di dekat gedung administrasi. Toko buku tidak jauh dari Gedung Mandela. Kantor pos universitas juga tidak jauh dari Gedung Mandela. Kantin kampus di dekat kantor pos. Bank juga di dekat kantor pos. Hotel Sheraton di Jalan Lombok tidak jauh dari kampus universitas. Pasar swalayan Galael juga di Jalan Lombok di dekat Hotel Sheraton. Kantor Imigrasi di Jalan Sudirman, jauh dari Jalan Lombok. 1.
Is the National University close to or far away from the city centre? A. Close to city centre B. Far from city centre
2.
What building is not far from the administration building? A. The library B. The dormitory C. The post office D. The financial aid office
Lesson 7 3. What What eat eater ery y is clos close e to the the pos postt office? A. Fast food B. Restau taurants C. Cafe Cafete teri ria/ a/Ca Cant ntee een n 4. What What build building ing is the bank bank close close to? A. The university B. The ba barber C. The post office 5. Is the Sheraton Sheraton Hotel Hotel close close or far far away away from the univer university sity campus campus? ? A. Very close to campus B. Not Not far far from from camp campus us C. Very Very far far fro from m camp campus us
Latihan 6—Isian Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat.—Fill tepat.— Fill in the gaps by choosing the appropriate word word from the the following wordlist: wordlist: dari—dekat—gedung—jauh—ju dari—dekat—gedung—jauh—juga— ga— perpustakaan—pusat—swalayan perpustakaan—pusat—swalayan Universitas Nasional ________ dari pusat kota. Gedung administrasi di ________ kampus. ________ tidak jauh dari gedung administrasi. Gedung Mandela di dekat ________ administrasi. Toko buku tidak jauh ________ Gedung Mandela. Kantor pos universitas ________ tidak jauh dari Gedung Mandela. Kantin kampus di ________ kantor pos. Bank juga di dekat kantor pos. pos. Hotel Sheraton di Jalan Lombok Lombok tidak jauh dari kampus univeruniversitas. Pasar ________ Galael juga di Jalan Lombok di dekat Hotel Sheraton. Kantor Imigrasi di Jalan Sudirman, jauh dari Jalan Lombok.
Latihan 7—Pilihan Ganda Pilihlah jawaban yang tepat.—Choose the most appropriate answer. 1. Di man mana a perp perpus usta taka kaan an? ? A. Saya mau pergi ke perpustakaan. perpustakaan. B. Perpus Perpustak takaan aan di depan depan toko toko roti. roti. C. Sri mau mau belajar belajar di di perpustak perpustakaan aan di belakang belakang rumah rumahmu. mu. 2. Apak Apakah ah sek sekol olah ah jau jauh h dari dari sin sini? i? A. Saya tidak mau pergi ke ke sekolah. B. Jauh auh seka ekali. li. C. Sekola Sekolah h saya saya tidak tidak jauh jauh dari dari rumah rumah.. 3. Di mana mana kant kantor or peme pemeri rint ntah ah? ? A. Di sebelah kampus kampus universitas. B. Kantor Kantor saya saya di di Jala Jalan n Sudir Sudirman man.. C. Saya tidak bisa pergi ke kantor kantor pemer pemerintah intah..
Lesson 7 4. Apakah Apakah kantor kantormu mu di Jalan Jalan Merdek Merdeka? a? A. Jauh. B. Iya, Iya, kanto kantorr saya saya di di Jalan Jalan Merdek Merdeka. a. C. Kantor Kantor saya saya tidak tidak jauh dari Jalan Jalan Sudirm Sudirman. an. 5. Apakah Apakah hotel hotel saya saya jauh jauh dari dari sini sini? ? A. Hotel Anda di depan Bank Indonesia. B. Saya Saya bisa bisa pergi pergi ke hotel hotel Anda. Anda. C. Ya, jauh.
Latihan 8—Jawaban Singkat Answer each of these questions questions with a short phrase that that tells us who owns something. something. Study the following example first: Ini sekolah siapa? (Eddy)
Ini kantor siapa? (Pak Dirman)
Ini sekolah Eddy
Ini kantor Pak Dirman
1. Ini warung warung siapa? siapa? (Bu (Bu Prapti) Prapti) ...................................... ........................................................ ..................................... ................................ ............. 2. Itu sekola sekolah h siapa? siapa? (saya) (saya) .............. ........................... ......................... ........................ ......................... ......................... ........................ ................... ....... 3. Itu buku buku siapa? siapa? (kamu (kamu)) ..................... ................................. ........................ ......................... ......................... ........................ ......................... ................ ... 4. Itu durian durian siapa? siapa? (Anda) (Anda) .................. .................................. ................................. .................................. ................................. ............................ ............
Latihan 9—Jawaban Singkat Answer the following questions questions either with jauh jauh or ya, jauh or else with tidak tidak or tidak jauh. Pay attention to the symbol given at the end of the sentence. If it is (+) you should answer with affi rmatives, if it is (-) you should should answer with negations. negations. 1. Apakah Apakah kampus kampus unive universita rsitas s jauh dari kantor kantor pos pusat? pusat? (+) ................................ ............................................ ............ 2. Apakah Apakah Singapura Singapura jauh jauh dari dari Kuala Kuala Lumpur? Lumpur? (-) (-) ............................ .......................................... ............................. ...................... ....... 3. Apakah Apakah Jakarta Jakarta jauh jauh dari Manado Manado? ? (+) ................ ............................ ........................ ......................... ......................... ........................ ............ 4. Apakah Apakah toko buku buku jauh jauh dari Rumah Rumah Makan Makan Ampera Ampera Raya? Raya? (-) (-) ........................... ......................................... .............. 5. Apakah Apakah Warung Warung Sop Iga jauh jauh dari dari pasar? pasar? (+) (+) ....................... ..................................... ............................. .............................. ............... 6. Apakah Apakah gedung gedung admin administra istrasi si jauh jauh dari dari perpu perpustaka stakaan? an? (+) ...............................................
Lesson 7
Latihan 10—Rangkai Kata Urutkan kata-kata berikut menjadi kalimat yang baik sesuai dengan arti di bawah ini.— Reorder the Indonesian words below to say: 1. “Is the administr administration ation building building far from the librar library?” y?” gedung—Apakah—administrasi—d gedung—Apakah—administrasi—dari—jauh—perpu ari—jauh—perpustakaan? stakaan? 2. “Is the univer universit sity y campus campus far from from here? here?”” Apakah—jauh—universitas—dari— Apakah—jauh—universitas—dari—kampus—sini kampus—sini? ? 3. “Is “Is New New York York Cit City y far far from from her here? e?”” Apakah—New—York—kota—dari—jau Apakah—New—York—kota—dari—jauh—sini? h—sini?
Latihan 11—Teka Teki Silang (TTS) Across: 2: centre 4: library 7: restaurant 9: who? 10: bread 13: book 14: campus 15: street 16: building Down: 1: far 3: the word that begins a “yes/no” question 4: government 5: office 6: city, town 8: no, not (informal) 11: shop 12: mosque
Lesson 8
08
“How Do I Get There?”
Aims •
To learn the names of vehicles and practise talking about using transport.
Naik Kereta Api di Jakarta. © Johanes Ch ristian
Vocabulary Review Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous lessons. Make sure that you remember their meanings. apa
what
di sana
there
belakang
behind
jalan
street
bisa
can
minum
drink
dari sini
from here
nasi
cooked rice
dekat
close
tinggal
stay, reside
Saying What Kind of Transport You Used In English, if you want to indicate the kind of vehicle or conveyance you used to get to a place you usually say “by…”. For example “by bus”, “by train”, “by taxi” and so on. In Indonesian the usual equivalent for the English word “by” when it is used in this way is naik . For example: naik bis, naik kereta api, naik taksi and so on.
Mohon Perhatian!! The English word “by” has many meanings (check them in a dictionary), but only one of these meanings is translatable with naik . Similarly the Indonesian word naik also has several meanings (check these too in a dictionary), and only one of these meanings is appropriately translatable with the English word “by”. In short, “by” and naik are not exact one-to-one equivalents of each other.
Lesson 8
“How Did You Get Here?” If you want to ask “how…” in the sense “by what mode of transport?”, “by what means of travel?” or “by what conveyance?”, you use the question phrase naik apa? For example: Anda datang ke Jakarta naik apa? How did you come to Jakarta? Anda akan pergi ke Atambua naik apa? How are you going to go to Atambua?
Mohon Perhatian!! In the two sentences above the verbs datang and (akan) pergi can be left out without changing the meaning of the sentences at all or making them less clear. By leaving out the verbs you make the sentences more “chatty” or less formal. So you can say: Anda ke Jakarta naik apa? Anda ke Atambua naik apa?
You can also leave out the word for "you" ( Anda ) if it is already clear from the situation who is being addressed. Leaving out Anda makes the sentence sound even more informally chatty. So you can say: Ke Jakarta naik apa?
OR
Naik apa ke Jakarta?
Ke Atambua naik apa?
OR
Naik apa ke Atambua?
Of course, we have already met this habit of dropping the verb and the personal pronoun of address in the common greeting Mau ke mana?
Jalan Kaki What if you don’t use any kind of transport but just walk? In Indonesian this is berjalan kaki (or more informally, simply jalan kaki ). It is NOT *naik kaki !
A Little More on Naik Apa? You will have noticed in the examples given above that naik apa usually comes at the end of the sentence, although it is not uncommon or wrong to put it at the beginning. Sometimes, if what you are talking about is already clear from the preceding part of the conversation, the phrase naik apa might stand on its own. Naik apa? How did you get here? (i.e. by what mode of transport) How do you propose to get there? Now practise asking this kind of question using a substitution exercise as you did back in Lesson 7. Listen to Sound File 008-01. You recall the procedure. Each successive sentence in the exercise has one word changed. The changed word is uttered by a male voice. First listen to the female voice and then change the sentence by incorporating the word uttered by
Lesson 8 the male voice to produce a new, slightly changed, but still correct sentence. Proceed in this way until you have completed the whole sequence of sentences. Repeat the sequence as many times as necessary until you can produce all the sentences correctly first time, pronouncing them smoothly, and understanding instantly what each one means. Alternatively you can also do the substitution drill using the following list. The changed word is given in the list on the right. Place a card over the sentences and cue words. Move the card down and expose the first sentence. Say the sentence out loud, confidently and smoothly. Now look at the cue word on the right. Don’t move the card down yet. In your mind, insert the cue word into the sentence you have just read, substituting it for one of the words in the sentence so that you produce a new, slightly changed, but still correct sentence. Move the card down exposing the next line, and check that you got your new sentence right. Now make another new sentence using the new cue word that has come into view on the right. Proceed in this way until you have completed the whole sequence of sentences. Repeat the sequence as many times as necessary until you can produce all the sentences correctly first time, pronouncing them smoothly, and under standing instantly what each one means. Apakah saya bisa ke Jakarta naik kapal? Apakah saya bisa ke Jakarta naik bus? Apakah saya harus ke Jakarta naik bus? Apakah saya harus ke Sydney naik bus? Apakah saya bisa ke Sydney naik bus? Apakah saya bisa ke Sydney naik pesawat terbang? Apakah saya bisa ke Sydney naik taksi? Apakah saya bisa ke hotel naik taksi? Apakah saya bisa ke pasar naik taksi? Apakah saya bisa ke pasar naik dokar? Apakah saya bisa ke mesjid naik dokar? Apakah saya harus ke mesjid naik dokar? Apakah saya harus ke mesjid naik becak? Apakah saya harus ke universitas naik becak? Apakah Anda harus ke universitas naik becak? Apakah Anda harus ke universitas naik mobil? Apakah Anda harus ke universitas naik bus? Apakah Anda mau ke universitas naik bus? Apakah Anda mau ke universitas naik sepeda? Apakah Anda mau ke universitas naik angkot?
bus harus Sydney bisa pesawat terbang taksi hotel pasar dokar mesjid harus becak universitas Anda mobil bus mau sepeda angkot
Here and There In English we have the words “here” and “there” to indicate places near to the speaker and far from the speaker. Indonesian also has two such words: sini and sana. But in Indonesian sini and sana only stand by themselves when they are used as rather abrupt commands. Sini! Come here!
Sana! Off you go!
In most other circumstances sini and sana have to have a preposition placed in front of them. Thus we have: ke sini (to, towards) here di sini here, at this place dari sini (from, away from) here
ke sana (to, towards) there di sana there, over there dari sana (from, away from) there
Lesson 8
Exercise 08-01 Each of the sentences below has a missing word. Choose one of the four possibilities o ffered so that you form a grammatically correct and sensible sentence. Only one of the four choices is correct. 1.
Apakah Anda akan _____________ ke sana naik pesawat terbang? A. B. C. D.
naik saya pergi gedung
2. Apakah saya _____________ ke sana naik becak? A. bisa B. jalan kaki C. sepeda D. kembali 3. Apakah Anda harus ke sana ____________ bus? A. kembali B. naik C. jauh D. terminal 4.
Apakah Anda akan datang dari ____________ naik taksi? A. pergi B. berjalan C. akan D. sana
5. Anda datang ke sini naik _____________? A. siapa B. apa C. kaki D. berjalan kaki 6. Saya bisa ke hotel _____________ apa? A. naik B. berjalan C. pergi D. sini 7. Saya harus ke pasar naik _____________? A. apa B. siapa C. kaki D. jalan 8. _____________ Anda akan ke Ambon naik kapal? A. Siapa B. Dekat C. Sana D. Apakah
Lesson 8 9. Apakah Anda mau ke _____________ naik becak? A. pergi B. hotel C. ke mana D. dari 10. Saya akan datang _____________ sana naik sepeda motor. A. mobil B. dari C. belakang D. mau
Exercise 08-02 First listen to Sound File 008-02 without looking at the transcription. Then read the dialogue carefully several times. Mustafa
Katanya Anda akan pergi ke Cina.
Dewi
Ya. Saya mau pergi ke Shanghai.
Mustafa
O begitu. Anda akan pergi ke Shanghai naik apa?
Dewi
Saya akan pergi ke sana naik pesawat terbang dan kereta api.
Mustafa
Di Shanghai, Anda mau tinggal di mana?
Dewi
Saya akan tinggal di Hotel Hyatt.
Mustafa
O begitu. Di mana Hotel Hyatt?
Dewi
Di pusat kota, tidak jauh dari toko-toko.
Mustafa
Apakah Anda suka makan di restoran Cina?
Dewi
O suka. Saya akan makan di restoran-restoran Cina.
Mustafa
Apakah Anda akan kembali naik pesawat terbang atau kapal?
Dewi
Saya harus kembali naik pesawat terbang.
Now rewrite the dialogue switching destination, mode of transport, accommodation and food preference. Retain the sentence shells, but every sentence should have at least one change in it. Don’t forget to begin with the useful word katanya (I’ve heard..., they say...)
Exercise 08-03 Answer these questions with a full length, correct Indonesian sentence. Study this example before answering the questions. Question: Apakah Anda akan naik bemo atau berjalan kaki? A possible answer: Saya akan naik bemo. Another possible answer: Saya akan berjalan kaki.
Lesson 8 By the way, don’t forget to imagine yourself taking part in a conversation as you answer the questions, so that if Anda is used in the question your answer should have saya in it, and conversely if saya is used in the question your answer should have Anda in it. 1.
Apakah saya harus naik bemo ke sana atau naik bus?
2.
Apakah saya bisa pergi ke Atambua naik pesawat terbang? Atau saya harus ke sana naik bus?
3.
Apakah Anda akan kembali dari hotel naik taksi atau berjalan kaki saja?
4.
Apakah Anda akan berjalan kaki ke pasar atau naik becak?
5.
Apakah Anda mau ke Padang naik kapal atau pesawat terbang?
6.
Anda mau ke gereja naik apa? Dokar, bus atau becak?
7.
Apakah saya harus kembali ke sini naik sepeda atau naik mobil?
8.
Aduh! Hotel itu jauh sekali dari sini! Apakah saya bisa berjalan kaki? Atau saya harus naik taksi?
9.
O, rumah Pak Saleh di dekat pasar. Apakah saya bisa jalan kaki ke sana atau harus naik taksi?
10. Apakah Anda mau naik kereta api ke Surabaya atau naik bus?
Becak A becak (from Hokkien be chia “horse cart”) is a cycle rickshaw designed to carry passengers or goods, or, as in our picture to the right, both. Depending on the region, the becak driver ( tukang becak ) is positioned either behind or besides the passenger. In most parts of Indonesia becaks are human-powered, but in North Sumatra becaks are often motorised becak ( mesin ). Photographs: © Uli Kozok
Boleh Tertawa, Boleh Juga Tidak (Laugh if you like, but you don’t have to) Few Indonesians know that the word bule, nowadays a common nickname for foreigners, originally meant ‘albino’. The term used to be limited to the “white race” ( orang putih ), but nowadays it is used for foreigners in general (a Google search for “Bule Jepang”, for instance, yields 15,000 hits). Foreigners are generally seen in Indonesia as suspicious creatures, and hence stories and jokes about “the Crazy Foreigner” ( bule gila ) are legend. As Indonesians are very fond of abbreviations and ac-
Lesson 8 ronyms of all sorts, “bule gila” is conveniently abbreviated to “bugil"” That bugil is not merely an acronym, but an actual word meaning “naked” conveniently adds insult to injury. The following is a joke about si bule gila “the crazy foreigner” ( si is a kind of article used in combination with proper names and nicknames) and “the becak driver” ( si tukang becak ). Read the following joke in Indonesian. Then read the English translation.
Tukang Becak dan Bule Gila
P
ada suatu hari ada seorang bule gila jalan-jalan di pasar di kota Bandung. Seorang tukang becak (ingin memperlihatkan bahwa ia pandai bahasa Inggris) menabrak bule itu dan berkata: “I’m sorry, Sir!”. Si bule gila juga minta maaf dengan menjawab: “I’m sorry TOO!”. Tukang becak itu kira si bule gila membuat lelucon dengan mengatakan “I’m sorry TWO.” Lalu si tukang becak membalas leluconnya dan menjawab: “I’m sorry THREE”. Merasa heran, si bule gila bertanya: “What are you sorry FOR?” Untuk kedua kalinya tukang becak itu kira si bule gila itu membuat lelucon. Lalu katanya: “I’m sorry FIVE!” Si bule gila mulai marah: “Are you SICK?” Sekali lagi tukang becak itu kira si bule gila menjawab dengan kata “SIX”, dan lalu dia membalas: “I’m sorry SEVEN!”
The Becak Driver and the Crazy Foreigner
O
nce upon a day a foreigner strolled along a market in the city of Bandung. A becak driver (seeking attention to show off to the crowd that he speaks English) crashes his becak into the foreigner and says: “I’m sorry, Sir!” Te foreigner also apologises: “I’m sorry TOO!” Te becak driver thinks the foreigner is making a joke by saying “I’m sorry TWO”. So the becak drivers replies to the “joke” by saying “I’m sorry THREE!” Surprised, the foreigner asks: “What are you sorry FOR?” For a second time the becak driver thinks that the foreigner is making a joke, and so he says: “I’m sorry FIVE!” Te foreigner starts to get angry: “Are you SICK?” Once again, the becak driver thinks the foreigner answers with the word: “SIX” and so he replies: “I’m sorry SEVEN!”
Lesson 8
Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the items on the left to their translations on the right. di belakang
“question tag”
di sana
to stay, reside
dekat
behind
jalan
to drink
dari sini
can, able to
minum
there, over there
bisa
from here
nasi
street, road
apakah
nearby, close by
tinggal
steamed rice
Latihan 2—Menyimak: Pertanyaan dan Jawaban Dengarkan rekaman berikut dan pilih jawaban yang tepat.—Choose the correct answers based on the questions in Sound File 008-03. A. Saya datang ke Jakarta naik pesawat terbang. B. Ya, saya akan kembali naik mobil. C. Saya akan makan di restoran Cina. D. Saya akan tinggal di hotel. E. Saya akan kembali naik pesawat terbang. F. Di pusat kota, tidak jauh dari toko-toko. 1
G. Saya naik kereta api. H. Saya akan pergi ke Malaysia.
Latihan 3—Isian Translate the italicized word with the correct Indonesian phrase 1. Farah goes to Surabaya by train. Farah ke Surabaya ________________. 2. Can I go the market by horse-drawn carriage? Apakah saya bisa pergi ke pasar ________________? 3. Can you go to the school by bus? Apakah kamu bisa ke sekolah ________________?
Lesson 8 4. Adinda and Tina go to the office by taxi. Adinda dan Tina pergi ke kantor ________________. 5. Do you go the factory by motorbike? Apakah kamu pergi ke pabrik ________________? 6. Do you go to Bangkok by plane or by ship? Anda ke Bangkok ________________ atau ________________? 7. I want to go to Ditha’s house by bicycle. Saya mau ke rumah Ditha ________________. 8. I will return to Jakarta by car. Saya akan kembali ke Jakarta ________________.
Lesson 8
Latihan 4—Menjodohkan Jodohkan gambar dengan kata.—Match the pictures with the Indonesian words.
Lesson 8
Latihan 5—Rangkai Kata Urutkan kata-kata berikut menjadi kalimat yang baik sesuai dengan arti di bawah ini. 1. “How did you come to Jakarta?” Anda—Jakarta—ke—naik—datang—apa? 2. “How are you going to go to Atambua?” Atambua—Anda—naik—ke—apa? 3. “What will you take to go to Shanghai?” Anda—ke—naik—pergi—Shanghai—akan—apa? 4. “I go to school by bicycle.” Saya—sekolah—naik—ke—sepeda. 5. “I must return on a plane.” Saya—pesawat—kembali—harus—naik—terbang.
Latihan 6—Menjodohkan Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the items on the left to their translations on the right. Sini!
Off you go!
dari sini
from there
Sana!
there
ke sana
towards there
ke sini
from here
di sana
towards here
di sini
Come here!
dari sana
here
Lesson 8
Latihan 7—Teka Teki Silang (TTS) Across (Mendatar): 2: He/she said 4: a car 5: there 6: taxi 10: a bus 12: to go 13: to drink 15: leg, foot 16: cooked rice 18: a ship 19: to stay, remain, reside 20: to come Down (Menurun): 1: must, have to 2: to go back 3: can, able to 7: here 8: a pedicab 9: a three-wheeled mini bus 10: to go, to walk 11: a bicycle 14: by, to go upwards 17: will, going to
Lesson 9
09
“Let’s Complain!”
Aims •
•
•
To practise “pointing” using ini & itu. To practise using adjectives and make a start describing things. To learn how to express likes and dislikes, and to make criticisms and complaints.
Vocabulary Review
“Saya tidak suka ini” (Shutterstock)
Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous lessons. Make sure that you remember their meanings.
air
water
kapal
boat, ship
atau
or
maaf
pardon me
ayam
chicken
nasi
cooked rice
bir
beer
pisang
banana
daging
meat
roti
bread
ikan
fish
sepeda
bicycle
“Pointing” Words You have already met ini (this) and itu (that), words you can use when you are, as it were, “pointing” at things. Apa ini? What is this?
Apa itu? What is that?
Anda suka ini atau itu? Do you like this or that?
Ini enak, itu tidak enak. This tastes nice, that tastes awful.
If you are pointing at more than one thing ini and itu can be plural i.e. refer to more than one thing. Ini tidak bagus! Saya suka itu! These are no good! I like those!
Lesson 9
Exercise 09-01 Answer the following questions. As you write your answer, imagine that you are standing at the right-hand edge of the page. If the object is near you, you should begin your answer with Ini (this...near me) and if it is way over on the other edge of the page you should begin your answer with Itu (that...over there).
Ini apa?
Ü
Û 1. ________________
Itu apa?
Ü
Û 2. ________________
Ini apa?
Ü
Û 3. ________________
Itu apa?
Ü
Û 4. ________________
Ini apa?
Ü
Û 5. ________________
Itu apa?
Ü
Û 6. ________________
Lesson 9
Ini apa?
Ü
Û 7. ________________
Itu apa?
Ü
Û 8. ________________
Ini apa?
Ü
Û 9. ________________
Itu apa?
Ü
Û 10. _______________
Cara Indonesia :
Ramai & Sepi
The Indonesian word ramai describes an atmosphere that is busy, crowded, noisy, and loud whereas its antonym sepi (introduced in Lesson 36) indicates that a place is quiet, still, and lonely. In general, Indonesians like it loud and noisy, and they prefer having lots of people around them rather than living in solitude. Ramai is always perceived as positive (bustling, lively), and sepi always as negative (desolate, too quiet). But there is of course a border when it just gets too loud and noisy ( terlalu ramai ).
Describing Things Adjectives help you to describe things and to express opinions about them. Jagung ini enak. This corn is tasty.
Bus ini penuh. This bus is full.
Rumah makan itu bersih. That restaurant is clean.
Pasar itu ramai. That market is busy.
Using tidak (no, not) you can instantly double the range and usefulness of the adjectives you know.
Lesson 9 Jagung ini tidak enak. This corn is not delicious (i.e. tastes awful).
Bus ini tidak penuh. This bus isn’t full (i.e. there is some room in it).
Rumah makan ini tidak bersih.
Pasar itu tidak ramai. That market isn’t busy (i.e. is not full of customers).
This restaurant isn’t clean (i.e. is dirty).
Exercise 09-02 Study these substitution tables. In some of them you describe something or express an opinion about it. In others you ask about something using apakah questions. Make sentences by choosing one word from each column. Say the sentences out loud, repeating each one if necessary until you can pronounce it smoothly. Try to avoid cranking out sentences in a mechanical way. As you say each sentence you should try to imagine a situation in which you might actually say the sentence. Consult other lessons in this book and use your dictionary to add a few more items to some of the columns. 1
Hotel Restoran Perpustakaan Toko Sekolah Rumah Gedung
Apakah
ini itu
hotel restoran perpustakaan toko gedung sekolah rumah
besar baru . bersih bagus
(tidak)
ini itu
bagus besar baru bersih ? ramai kosong jauh
2
Daging enak Makanan mahal Minuman bagus Roti ini bersih Ikan itu (tidak) kotor -------------------------------------------------------------Teh ini manis Kopi itu (tidak) enak Air
Ya / Tidak
Lesson 9
Apakah
daging makanan minuman roti ikan teh kopi air
ini itu
enak mahal bagus bersih ? kotor manis enak
Ya/Tidak.
3
Bis Bemo Kereta api Mobil Taksi Dokar
Apakah
ini itu
murah. penuh. bersih. mahal. cepat. kosong.
(tidak)
bis bemo kereta api mobil taksi dokar
ini itu
murah penuh bersih ? mahal cepat kosong
Ya / Tidak.
When an adjective directly qualifies a noun, it follows the noun (like the possessives and noun modifiers discussed in Lessons 6 and 7). Thus: hotel bagus a good hotel good hotels
makanan enak tasty food
mobil baru a new car new cars
taksi bersih a clean taxi clean taxis
Practise generating sentences from these sentence shells. 4
Hotel Restoran Perpustakaan Toko Gedung Sekolah Rumah
Apakah
besar baru bersih itu bagus
hotel restoran perpustakaan baru toko gedung sekolah rumah
tidak jauh dari sini.
besar bersih bagus
itu jauh dari sini?
Ya / Tidak
Lesson 9 In Lesson 4 you practised using the helper verbs suka, mau and bisa/dapat . Practise using them now in slightly more complex sentences. 5
Saya (tidak)
suka mau
makan minum
nasi goreng ayam goreng roti manis makanan Cina kopi manis teh manis kopi Indonesia susu Australia
When you answer a question that has suka or mau in it, very often (but not always) you answer by “echoing” suka or mau. For example Apakah Anda suka mobil besar? Do you like big cars?
Suka. / Tidak suka. Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.
Apakah Anda mau tinggal di Hong Kong? Do you want to live in Hong Kong?
Mau./Tidak mau. Yes, I do./No, I don’t.
6
makan ApakahAnda mau
minum
roti manis makanan Cina ayam goreng kopi manis teh manis kopi Indonesia susu Australia
?
Mau/Maaf, tidak mau.
7
Saya
nasi goreng makan daging ayam (tidak) bisa ------------------------------------. dapat minum bir Bintang kopi Flores
Apakah
ayam roti manis mau makan makanan Cina Anda suka ----------------------------bisa minum teh manis dapat kopi Indonesia susu Australia
?
Mau / Suka / Bisa Maaf, tidak mau Maaf, tidak suka Maaf, tidak bisa
Lesson 9
Exercise 09-03: Let’s Complain! For some people there is great satisfaction to be had from complaining… from telling the world what you don’t like and what you would never (willingly) do. Even those of us who rarely complain out loud, probably complain secretly. Well, here’s your chance to complain long and loud, and to disguise your complaints – your irrational dislikes and personal prejudices – as innocent language practice. Most of your complaints will begin with makan... Saya tidak suka... Saya tidak mau... Saya tidak dapat...
minum...
followed by verbs like
Saya tidak bisa...
berjalan kaki ke... naik... pergi ke... tinggal di...
When you give reasons why you don’t like a place or thing, you can use adjectives like kotor , kecil , mahal and ramai , but you will sound more satisfyingly negative if you use tidak + an adjective. For example:
tidak
bagus
menyenangkan
baru
cepat
bersih
tidak
manis
indah
murah
enak
besar
Keep your complaints simple. Use only the words and sentence patterns we have practised so far. Use the text below an example for a successful complaint.
Listening Listen to Sound File 009-01. Before you read the transcription grab a pen and write down why that person does not like the Netherlands, and what his opinion is about Javanese food. Besides Holland and Javanese food, what else does he complain about?
S
aya tidak suka Belanda. Belanda kecil, tidak indah dan tidak menyenangkan. Dan makanan Belanda tidak enak! Saya tidak bisa makan di restoran Belanda. Saya juga tidak mau pergi ke Mal Westfield. Toko-toko di sana tidak bagus. Mahal! Saya tidak suka makan di restoran Jawa. Makanan Jawa tidak enak. Biasanya saya suka makan ikan goreng, tetapi ikan goreng di restoran Jawa tidak enak. Saya tidak bisa naik bus. Bus kotor dan ramai. Juga tidak cepat. Dan mahal!
Lesson 9
Mohon Perhatian!! In some contexts the word mau can sound very emphatic. So the answer “Mau” in the example above sounds a bit like the English “You bet!” “Tidak mau” sounds quite blunt and could be translated something like “No way!” So to soften the bluntness of “Tidak mau” you should preface it with “Maaf ” (Sorry) or perhaps even answer “Maaf, tidak bisa” (Sorry, I can’t).
Latihan 1—Menyimak Listen to Sound File 009-02 and match the recorded sentences with their English translations. Then write down the Indonesian sentences as you hear them. A. Do you like this or that? B. This bus is not full C. That market is busy. D. That restaurant is clean. E. This bus is full. F. This corn is not tasty. G. This tastes nice, that tastes awful. H. What is that?
1 Apa ini?
I. What is this? J. This corn is tasty.
Latihan 2—Lawan Kata Write the antonyms for each of the following words.—Tulislah lawan katanya. besar
mahal
bersih
jauh
kosong
Lesson 9
Latihan 3—Isian Fill in the blanks choosing from the following adjectives: bagus—bersih—besar—cepat— enak—manis—murah 1.
Rumah sakit ini __________. The hygiene standards are very high.
2.
Perpustakaan itu __________ sekali. It has two million books.
3.
Apakah sekolah itu __________? Yes, the educational outcomes are excellent.
4.
Nasi goreng ini __________. Can I have another portion?
5.
Apakah minuman ini __________? No, you better add some sugar.
6.
Wah, bus ini __________. It only takes two hours from Jakarta to Bandung.
7.
Naik pesawat terbang ke Bandung mahal sekali. Naik kereta api __________.
Latihan 4—Jawaban Singkat Answer the questions below. Pay attention to the symbol given at the end of the question. If it is (+), you should answer with affi rmatives. If it is (-), you should answer with negation. Note that Indonesians rarely answer “ya” but instead prefer to echo the answer: Mau makan? -- Mau. or Ya, mau. 1.
Apakah Anda suka makan di restoran Cina? (+) ..............................................................
2.
Apakah kamu suka naik sepeda? (-) ................................................................................
3.
Apa kamu mau makan nasi goreng? (-) ...........................................................................
4.
Apakah kamu mau minum kopi di rumah saya? (+) .........................................................
5.
Apa Anda bisa minum kopi manis? (+) .............................................................................
6.
Apa Anda bisa pergi ke kantor besok? (-) ........................................................................
Latihan 5—Isian: Let’s Complain! cepat—enak—ikan—kecil—mahal—ramai—restoran
Saya tidak suka Kota Batam. Kota Batam __________, tidak indah dan tidak menyenangkan. Saya juga tidak mau pergi ke Mal Nagoya. Toko-toko di sana tidak bagus dan __________! Dan makanan di kota itu tidak __________! Saya tidak bisa makan di restoran. Biasanya saya suka makan __________, tetapi ikan goreng di __________ Batam tidak enak. Saya tidak bisa naik bus. Bus kotor dan__________. Juga tidak __________. Dan mahal!
Lesson 9
Latihan 6—Menjodohkan Listen to Sound File 009-03 and find the correct response. Then write down the questions in the space provided. A. Jauh. B. Maaf, saya tidak bisa. C. Oh tidak. Pabrik itu kecil dan bersih. D. Tidak. Hotel itu besar. E. Tidak. Pasar itu sepi. F. Tidak. Saya suka minum teh. G. Tidak. Toko Sogo kecil dan jelek. H. Ya. Gedung itu baru dan juga bagus. I.
1 Apakah makanan Indonesia enak?
Ya. Kota itu indah.
J. Ya. Makanan Indonesia enak.
Latihan 7—Pemahaman: Let’s Complain! Kota Batam
S
aya tidak suka Kota Batam. Kota Batam kecil, tidak indah dan tidak menyenangkan. Saya juga tidak mau pergi ke Mal Nagoya. Toko-toko di sana tidak bagus dan mahal! Dan makanan di kota itu tidak enak! Saya tidak bisa makan di restoran. Biasanya saya suka makan ikan goreng, tetapi ikan goreng di restoran Batam tidak enak. Saya tidak bisa naik bus. Bus kotor dan ramai. Juga tidak cepat. Dan mahal! Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut sesuai dengan bacaan.—Refer to the narrative to answer the following questions. 1. According to the narrative, how does the narrator find the food? A. B. C. D.
Delicious & tasty Bland Too spicy Not tasty
Lesson 9 2. According to the writer, Batam is an attractive city. A. True. B. False. 3. Does the narrator want to go to Nagoya Mall? A. Yes, the narrator is excited to go. B. Yes, but the narrator does not like the mall. C. No, the narrator does not want to go to the mall. 4.
According to the narrator, are the shops at Nagoya Mall good? A. Yes, the shops are good B. No, the shops are not good
5. What is the meaning of “kecil”? A. big B. short C. small D. skinny 6.
According to the narrator, what is wrong with Batam’s bus system? Select all that apply. A. The buses are too dirty and crowded. B. The buses are too bright and big. C. The buses are too expensive. D. The buses are not very fast.
7. How does the writer feel about Kota Batam? A. He feels attracted to the city. B. He feels neutral to the city. C. He feels negative to the city.
Latihan 8—Rangkai Kata Urutkan kata-kata berikut menjadi kalimat yang baik sesuai dengan arti di bawah ini.— Reorder the Indonesian words below to say: 1. “Do you like big cars?” Anda—Apakah—mobil—suka—besar? 2. “I don’t like living in a big house.” Saya—suka—tidak—tinggal—rumah—di—besar. 3. “Can you eat at an Indonesian restaurant?” Anda—makan—Apakah—di—restoran—bisa—Indonesia? 4. “This library is big and clean.” Perpustakaan—besar—ini—dan—bersih. 5. “That restaurant isn’t clean.” Rumah—itu—tidak—makan—bersih. 6. “I don’t like fruits.” Saya—suka—tidak—buah-buahan.
Lesson 9
Latihan 9 Answer these questions in the negative. The key word that must be negated in each sentence is either an adjective (words like enak, kecil, jauh etc.) or a verb (words like suka and bisa ). Don’t forget that, besides using tidak to answer the question, you must also “echo” the key word in the sentence. 1. Apakah makanan Inggris enak?
Tidak enak.
2. Apakah Hotel Shangri La kecil? 3. Apakah Anda suka minum susu? 4. Apakah Paris jauh dari London? 5.
Apakah Pasar Minggu ramai hari ini?
6.
Apakah Anda bisa makan makanan Indonesia?
7. Apakah pabrik mobil itu besar? 8. Apakah perpustakaan itu baru? 9. Apakah toko Sogo menyenangkan? 10. Apakah kota Los Angeles indah?
Latihan 10—Teka Teki Silang Across (Mendatar): 1. a drink, beverage 5. bread 7. chicken 8. crowded, full of people 9. school 11. fish 13. banana 14. market 15. building 16. house Down (Menurun): 2. or 3. water 4. meat 6. far away, distant 9. bicycle 10. empty, vacant 12. ship 14. full
Lesson 10
10
“What Do You Think?”
Aims •
To practise asking what something is like or what somebody thinks.
Vocabulary Review Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous lessons. Make sure that you remember their meanings. bersih
clean
kembali
return
cepat
fast, quick
makanan
food
indah
beautiful, picturesque
menyenangkan
pleasing, nice
kantor
office
sekarang
now
katanya
he/she said, it is said
Asking What Something is Like or What Somebody Thinks To ask what something is like you can begin your question with bagaimana (literally: “how”). Bagaimana kota Paris? What is the city of Paris like? Bagaimana mobil Anda? What is your car like? Bagaimana makanan di Warung Sudi Mampir? What is the food like at the Sudi Mampir eatery? Bagaimana Universitas Widya Buana? What is Widya Buana University like? You can begin, and sometimes end, your answer with saya kira... (I think..., in my opinion) Saya suka kota Paris. I like the city of Paris.
Saya kira Paris indah sekali. I think Paris is very beautiful.
Mobil saya Toyota. My car is a Toyota.
Mobil saya tidak besar tetapi cepat, saya kira. My car isn’t big but it’s fast, in my opinion.
Saya kira makanan di Warung Sudi Mampir tidak enak tetapi murah. In my opinion the food at Sudi Mampir eatery isn’t very nice but it’s cheap.
Lesson 10 Saya kira Universitas Widya Buana cukup baik. Saya suka belajar di sana. I think Widya Buana University is quite good. I like studying there.
Exercise 10-01 Fill in the blanks in the answers to the questions in this exercise by writing the correct Indonesian translation of the English word/phrase appearing in brackets after the question. 1. Bagaimana Warung Sudi Mampir? [not tasty ] Saya kira makanan di Warung Sudi Mampir ____________________ 2. Di mana kampus Universitas Nasional? [ behind] Kampus Universitas Nasional ____________________ kantor pos. 3. Apakah Anda suka tinggal di Singapura? [ Yes, I do.] ____________________. Saya kira Singapura menyenangkan. 4. Apakah Anda mau naik bus ke Semarang? [Sorry ] _______________, saya tidak bisa. Saya tidak suka naik bus. 5. Di mana sepeda Anda? [I think] Sepeda saya di samping rumah ____________________ 6. Bagaimana Toko Sogo di Jalan Hatta? [excellent] Toko Sogo ____________________ sekali. Saya suka pergi ke sana. 7. Apakah kereta api dari Jogja ke Solo bersih? [by ] Bersih sekali. Apakah Anda mau pergi ke Solo _____________ kereta api? 8. Saya suka ayam goreng. Apakah Anda juga suka? [But I don’t like] Suka. ____________________ makan di pasar. Pasar kotor sekali. 9. Anda berasal dari Berlin. Apakah Anda suka tinggal di Zürich? [go back] Tidak suka! Saya mau ____________________ ke Berlin. 10.Bagaimana kampus Universitas Nasional? [ beautiful] Kampus Universitas Nasional _______________ sekali, tetapi tidak ramai.
Talking about your Impressions, Opinions, Likes and Dislikes You now have the resources to converse at length in Indonesian. Of course, what you say is still not exactly “sophisticated”, but at this point it is important to put quantity ahead of content. Sophisticated content will come later (but sooner than you expect!) You can now talk about: • countries and towns ( Belanda, Jepang, Melbourne, Jakarta etc.) mesjid, universitas, kantor pos, terminal bus etc.) • buildings and locations ( makanan, teh, ayam goreng, roti etc.) • foods and beverages ( • vehicles bus, ( mobil, kereta api, pesawat terbang etc.). Using di mana and prepositions of place like di dekat, di samping, di .... etc. you can ask and answer questions about where something is located. You can talk about going to ( pergi ke ) a
Lesson 10 place, coming back from/to ( kembali dari/ke ) a place and staying in ( tinggal di ) a place, and with naik you can talk about the mode of transport you use. You can express a wish, liking or preference for something using suka or tidak suka, mau or tidak mau, and bisa or tidak bisa. You can talk about eating ( makan ) and drinking minum ( ). You can ask someone “whether” using questions that begin with apakah. You can also ask what something is like using questions that begin with bagaimana. You can express your opinion (and your surprise) using saya kira, and you can stitch together long answers using the connectors tetapi , dan, juga and atau. And as you converse, you can nod wisely and say O begitu (Is that so? Really? I see). Let’s look now at what an extended conversation might be like, using the resources summarised above.
Role Play: Satisfying a Friend’s Curiosity Most of us have friends who are curious about us and who want to know the smallest details of our lives. Imagine you are in conversation with such a friend. With a classmate or with your teacher/tutor role play a situation in which two friends meet over a cup of tea or co ffee, perhaps in a warung kopi . One of the pair quizzes the other at length about their preferences in food and drink, place of residence and transport arrangements. When you have exhausted all possible questions and answers (and this should take some time), swap roles. Don’t forget to begin your role play with greetings and smalltalk of the kind you practised in Lesson 1. Then use the model conversation above as your beginning point to develop a lively dialogue. But don’t just re-cycle the model conversation. Massage it, amend it, edit it, add to it, subtract from it – in short use your own ideas and experience, and other material in the lessons you have studied so far, to say things that are not in the model conversation. Repeat the role play several times. Time yourself, trying each time to “break your record” for the length of your conversation. As you talk with your partner, monitor each other in order to ensure that what you say is always grammatically correct.
Latihan 1—Dialogue Listen to Sound File 010-01 between Ibu Emot and Pak Hendro without reading the transcription of the dialogue and answer the following questions: 1.
According to what Ibu Emot heard, where is Pak Hendro from? A. B. C. D.
Jakarta Bali Kupang Darwin
2. Where does Pak Hendro live now? A. Jakarta B. Bali C. Kupang D. Darwin
Lesson 10 3.
Does Pak Hendro like living where she is currently living? A. No, he prefers to live in a different country. B. No, he prefers to live in Kupang. C. Yes, he likes where she is currently living. D. Yes, he has many things to do there.
4.
Why does Pak Hendro prefer Kupang? Select all that apply. A. Pak Hendro likes small towns. B. Pak Hendro likes the food in Kupang. C. Pak Hendro misses her family. D. Pak Hendro thinks Jakarta is too quiet.
5. Where does Pak Hendro prefer to eat? A. Restaurants B. Market C. Warung 6. Why does Pak Hendro not want to stay at home? A. His house is very large B. His house is too small C. He prefers Jakarta D. He actually does want to stay at home
Latihan 2—Isian 1 Some words in the dialogue are missing. Fill in the blanks while listening to 010-01.
Sound File
Ibu Emot
Katanya Anda berasal __________ Kupang?
Pak Hendro
Ya saya berasal dari Kupang tetapi sekarang saya __________ di Jakarta.
Ibu Emot
O begitu. Apakah Anda __________ tinggal di Jakarta?
Pak Hendro
Tidak suka. Saya __________ kembali ke Kupang.
Ibu Emot
Di mana kota Kupang? Apakah Kupang __________ dari Jakarta?
Pak Hendro
Jauh. Kota Kupang di Timor, __________ Darwin, Australia.
Ibu Emot
__________ kota Kupang?
Pak Hendro
Kupang menyenangkan. Jakarta ramai sekali __________ Kupang tidak ramai.
Ibu Emot
__________ Kupang besar?
Pak Hendro
Tidak. Kupang tidak besar tetapi juga tidak __________. Saya suka kota kecil.
Ibu Emot
O begitu. Bagaimana makanan di Kupang? Apakah makanan Timor __________?
Pak Hendro
Saya kira __________ di Timor tidak enak. Dan mahal.
Lesson 10
Ibu Emot
Mahal? Apakah Anda suka makan di restoran mahal atau di __________ di pasar?
Pak Hendro
Saya suka makan di restoran atau di rumah. Warung di pasar __________ sekali. Saya tidak suka makan di pasar.
Ibu Emot
Tetapi katanya ikan di Timor __________ sekali.
Pak Hendro
Ya, saya suka sekali makan __________ goreng di Kupang. Saya juga suka minum __________ di Teddy’s Bar.
Ibu Emot
Di mana Teddy’s Bar? Apakah Teddy’s Bar __________ dari pusat kota?
Pak Hendro
Tidak. Teddy’s Bar di samping kantor pos, tidak __________ dari terminal di __________ kota.
Ibu Emot
O begitu. Anda akan kembali ke Kupang naik __________? Naik pesawat terbang atau __________ kapal?
Pak Hendro
Naik pesawat terbang dari Jakarta {ke} Bali. Dari Bali ke Kupang saya akan __________ kapal.
Ibu Emot
Di Kupang Anda akan __________ di mana?
Pak Hendro
Saya mau tinggal di Hotel Cendana di __________ kantor polisi di Jalan Rinjani tidak jauh dari kampus __________.
Ibu Emot
Oh! Saya __________ Anda akan tinggal di rumah Anda di Kupang.
Pak Hendro
Tidak. Rumah saya di sana __________ sekali. Saya tidak mau tinggal di rumah.
Ibu Emot
Dari hotel ke pusat __________ Anda harus naik apa?
Pak Hendro
Saya __________ pergi ke pusat kota naik taksi atau angkot.
Ibu Emot
Baik. Terima kasih, __________.
Pak Hendro
__________. Selamat sore.
Latihan 3—Isian 2 This time other words are missing. Fill in the blanks while listening to
Sound File 010-01.
Ibu Emot
__________ Anda berasal dari Kupang?
Pak Hendro
Ya saya __________ dari Kupang __________ sekarang saya tinggal di Jakarta.
Ibu Emot
O __________. Apakah Anda suka tinggal __________ Jakarta?
Lesson 10 Pak Hendro
Tidak suka. Saya mau __________ ke Kupang.
Ibu Emot
Di mana kota Kupang? Apakah Kupang jauh dari __________?
Pak Hendro
Jauh. Kota Kupang di Timor, dekat Darwin, __________.
Ibu Emot
Bagaimana __________ Kupang?
Pak Hendro
Kupang __________. Jakarta ramai sekali tetapi Kupang tidak __________.
Ibu Emot
Apakah Kupang __________?
Pak Hendro
Tidak. Kupang tidak __________ tetapi juga tidak kecil. Saya suka kota __________.
Ibu Emot
O begitu. Bagaimana makanan di __________? Apakah makanan Timor enak?
Pak Hendro
Saya kira makanan di Timor tidak __________. Dan __________.
Ibu Emot
Mahal? Apakah Anda suka makan di __________ mahal atau di warung di pasar?
Pak Hendro
Saya suka makan di restoran atau di __________. Warung di pasar kotor sekali. Saya tidak suka __________ di pasar.
Ibu Emot
Tetapi __________ ikan di Timor enak sekali.
Pak Hendro
Ya, saya __________ sekali makan ikan goreng di Kupang. Saya juga __________ minum bir di Teddy’s Bar.
Ibu Emot
Di mana Teddy’s Bar? __________ Teddy’s Bar jauh dari pusat __________?
Pak Hendro
Tidak. Teddy’s Bar di samping kantor __________, tidak jauh dari terminal di pusat kota.
Ibu Emot
O begitu. Anda akan __________ ke Kupang naik apa? Naik pesawat terbang __________ naik kapal?
Pak Hendro
Naik pesawat terbang dari Jakarta ke Bali. Dari Bali ke Kupang saya akan __________ __________.
Ibu Emot
Di Kupang Anda akan __________ di mana?
Pak Hendro
Saya mau __________ di Hotel Cendana di depan kantor polisi di Jalan Rinjani tidak jauh __________ kampus universitas.
Ibu Emot
Oh! Saya kira Anda akan tinggal di __________ Anda di Kupang.
Pak Hendro
Tidak. __________ saya di sana kecil sekali. Saya tidak __________ tinggal di rumah.
Ibu Emot
Dari __________ ke pusat kota Anda harus naik __________?
Pak Hendro
Saya harus pergi ke pusat __________ naik taksi __________ angkot.
Ibu Emot
Baik. __________, Pak.
Pak Hendro
Mari. __________.
Lesson 10
Latihan 4—Menyimak: Pertanyaan dan Jawaban Sound File 010-02 contains
11 questions. The answers to the questions are given here. Write down the correct question to each answer. 1.
A. Ya, saya suka.
2.
B. Universitasnya cukup besar.
3.
C. Universitas Gajah Mada bagus.
4.
D. Saya suka kota Paris.
5.
E. Saya kira Paris indah.
6.
F. Rumah saya kecil.
7.
G. Mobil saya tidak besar tapi cepat, saya kira.
8.
H. Mobil saya Honda.
9.
I.
Makanan di Warung Sudi Mampir tidak enak.
10.
J. Makanan di Restoran Garuda enak.
11.
K. Kota Jakarta ramai.
Latihan 5—Rangkai Kata Reorder the Indonesian words below to say : 1. “I think Paris is very beautiful.” Saya—Paris—indah—.—kira—sekali 2. “I think Widya Buana University is quite good.” Saya—Widya—kira—Buana—cukup—Universitas—baik. 3.
“In my opinion the food at Sudi Mampir eatery is cheap but not that nice.” Saya—murah—tidak—makanan—kira—di—tetapi—Sudi—Warung—Mampir—enak.
4. “My car isn’t big but it’s fast, in my opinion.” Mobil—cepat,—besar—saya—tidak—saya—tetapi—kira. 5. “Is the food in Timor delicious?” Apakah—Timor—di—makanan—enak?
Lesson 10
Latihan 6—Menjodohkan For each word, choose which category that word or phrase fits into: Jepang—Kereta api— Mobil—Bus—Pesawat terbang—Belanda—Ayam—Mesjid—Universitas—Kantor Pos—Ikan Goreng—Solo—Sepeda—Terminal bus—Roti—Teh—Makanan—Mesir—Jakarta—Jagung A Vehicles
B Countries & Towns
C Buildings & Locations
D Food & Beverages?
Latihan 7—Menjodohkan Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the items on the left to their translations on the right. kembali ke
live in, stay at
ke depan
near
kembali dari
go to
dari samping
at the back
pergi ke
return to
ke belakang*
to the front
di samping
return from
di belakang
to the back
tinggal di
beside
di dekat
from the side
* Note that “ke belakang” also means “to go to the toilet”. So if you tell someone “Saya mau ke belakang” it will be assumed that you need to relieve yourself, and probably need directions to find the locale.
Lesson 10
Latihan 8—Teka Teki Silang (TTS) Across (Mendatar): 1 safe (from trouble) 2 mosque 4 People say; it is said; I heard that... 5 public transport 6 that, those 9 enjoyable; pleasing; pleasant, nice 13 to originate from 14 beautiful; picturesque 16 clean 19 house, home 20 centre 21 cheap Down (Menurun): 1 now 2 food 3 how, what is...like? 7 to live, to stay 8 to study; learn 10 to go back, return 11 but 12 office 15 fast; quick 17 must, have to 18 from
Lesson 11
11
Saying “No” and “Not”
Aims • • •
To practise a common use of yang To practise distinguishing between the negators tidak and bukan To learn how to talk about nationality and ethnic origin
Vocabulary Review Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous lessons. Make sure that you remember their meanings. becak
pedicab
mahal
expensive
bioskop
cinema
manis
sweet
coklat
brown
penuh
full
daging
meat
ramai
crowded
dekat
nearby
sekali
very
Introducing Yang Yang is probably the most frequent word in the Indonesian language. It has quite a variety of functions and meanings. Basically yang is a connector word that helps link di fferent parts of a clause, or helps link one clause with another, especially by introducing some kind of descriptive information or an elaboration. It often functions like the English relative pronouns “which”, “that” and “who”. One of the functions of yang is to link a noun with an adjectival phrase. An adjectival phrase is a cluster of two or more words that describe something. The negator tidak plus an adjective can form ad jectival phrases. For example: tidak besar not big
tidak bagus not at all impressive
tidak mahal not expensive
tidak pedas not spicy hot
Following the word order that is normal in Indonesian noun phrases, these compound adjectives follow a noun, but they are usually linked to the noun with yang. For example:
Lesson 11 rumah yang tidak besar a house that isn’t big makanan yang enak tetapi tidak mahal food that is tasty but isn’t expensive hotel yang tidak bagus a hotel that isn’t much good mobil yang tidak besar tetapi cepat a car that isn’t big but is fast makanan Padang yang pedas dan enak Padang food that is spicy and delicious Here are some more examples of yang in complex noun phrases in which more than one ad junct modifies the headword. kota Bandung yang indah the beautiful city of Bandung mobil saya yang baru my new car makanan Cina yang panas dan enak Chinese food that’s hot and tasty
Lesson 11
Exercise 11-01 Answer each of the following questions with a complete sentence. Here is an example. Question: Apakah Anda suka teh manis atau teh pahit? Answer: Saya suka teh pahit.
1.
Apakah Anda suka naik bus besar yang mahal atau bus biasa yang murah?
2.
Apakah Anda mau makan makanan Padang yang pedas atau makanan Jawa yang manis?
3.
Apakah Anda akan tinggal di hotel besar yang ramai atau di hotel kecil yang tidak ramai?
4.
Apakah Anda suka naik becak biasa yang kotor atau taksi yang bagus dan bersih?
5.
Apakah Anda suka pasar yang ramai tetapi murah atau toko yang tidak ramai tetapi mahal?
6.
Apakah Anda mau pergi ke bioskop Ria yang biasanya penuh atau bioskop Reksa yang biasanya kosong?
7.
Apakah Anda mau tinggal di rumah yang besar tetapi jelek atau rumah yang kecil tetapi indah?
8.
Apakah Anda mau pergi ke Negeri Belanda yang dingin sekali?
9.
Apakah Anda ke Melbourne naik bis besar yang cepat atau bis biasa yang lambat tetapi murah?
10. Apakah Anda suka makan roti coklat yang manis sekali atau roti biasa yang tidak manis?
Nationality To talk about the nationality of a person, in Indonesian you usually say orang (person) followed by the name of the country the person comes from. Note that Indonesian nouns can be both Singular or Plural. orang Australia an Australian / Australians
orang Selandia Baru a New Zealander / New Zealanders
orang Cina a Chinese / Chinese
orang Jerman a German / Germans
The Word for a Dutchman/Dutchwoman People from the Netherlands are called “orang Belanda”, and the land is called “Belanda”. The Netherlands are also occasionally referred to as Negeri Belanda ( negeri = land). The Indonesian word Belanda originates from the Portuguese word Holanda (from Dutch “Hollander”.) When the Dutch first came to Indonesia (which they called Oost Indië or “the East Indies”) Indonesians called them Olanda. Eventually this became Walanda, then, in Malay, the /w/ became a /b/ and the term Belanda was created.
Lesson 11 It is interesting that, because of pre-European contacts between Indonesians (mostly Makassarese) and the Aboriginal peoples of Australia’s north coast, some Aboriginal languages in Australia’s Arnhemland used the term Balanda to refer to whites.
Negating Nouns There are two words for “no/not” in Indonesian. You have already met and practised using one of them: tidak . Here are some examples of how tidak can be used. Rumah saya tidak jauh dari sini. My house isn’t far from here. Saya tidak suka naik bus. I don’t like going by bus. Bu Partini tidak di pasar. Mrs Partini isn’t at the market. In the first sentence the negator tidak is used to negate an adjective ( jauh ). In the second it is used to negate a verb ( suka ). In the third it is used to negate a preposition ( d ). i But tidak can almost never be used to negate a noun. To negate a noun the word bukan is used. Study these examples. Saya bukan orang Australia. I am not an Australian. Pak Saleh bukan orang Cina. Mr Saleh is not a Chinese. Ini bukan teh. This is not tea. Itu bukan hotel, itu rumah sakit. That is not a hotel, it is a hospital.
Exercise 11-02 Imagine that you are in the streets of Makassar (which for a while, under President Soeharto’s New Order Government, was called called Ujung Pandang) at the southern end of the island of Sulawesi. You are in conversation with some of the local citizens. The people of Makassar are very diverse, coming from all parts of the island of Sulawesi, and from the myriad islands of East Indonesia, even from as far away as Java and Bali. Answer each of the following questions in the negative. Then give the correct information. Each answer should be in three parts. (1) First the word bukan (negating the noun in the question). (2) Then an expanded "no" in which the word bukan is used. (3) Then an affirmative sentence giving the correct information. Look at this example first and follow the same pattern in answering the questions. Question: Apakah Anda orang Timor? Answer: Bukan. Saya bukan orang Timor. Saya orang Ambon.
1. Apakah Anda orang Ambon?
6. Apakah Anda orang Manado?
2. Apakah Anda orang Cina?
7. Apakah Anda orang Bali?
Lesson 11 3. Apakah Anda orang Toraja?
8. Apakah Anda orang Maluku?
4. Apakah Anda orang Bali??
9. Apakah Anda orang Jawa?
5. Apakah Anda orang Papua?
10. Apakah Anda orang Kalimantan?
The following map may help you put together your answers by jogging your memory on islands and towns in East Indonesia.
Dialogue: Mistaking Someone’s Nationality Listen to the following model dialogue ( Sound File 011-01 ) and commit it to memory. Anda dari mana?
Saya dari Amerika.
Haaa!? Saya kira Anda orang Mesir!
Bukan. Saya bukan orang Mesir. Saya orang Amerika.
Notice the exclamation of surprise Haaa!?. It is a bit crass, so you probably wouldn’t say it in a formal situation or in ultra-polite company. It is pronounced loudly with a sharply rising note of incredulity. It is more polite to say: O begitu “I see! Is that so?”. Notice also the very useful phrase saya kira... that you have already practised. This is often used when you want to admit to a mistake or misapprehension, like the English phrase “I thought ...” as in “What!? I thought you were an Egyptian!”
Lesson 11 Now say the dialogue with a partner or your tutor/teacher, inserting these place names into the second line of the dialogue. Jepang, Yunani, Amerika, Selandia Baru, Cina, Jawa, Ambon, Bali, Sydney
Make sure the response in line three fits sensibly with the cue in line two. And when you prac tise the dialogue with a partner, don’t forget to display some exaggerated emotion as you speak the words... emotions like surprise, incredulity, bewilderment, embarrassment, disappointment etc. Inject some variations wherever you can using the vocabulary and sentence shells you have practised so far. When this initial simple exchange rolls easily o ff the tongue, continue the conversation, perhaps as follows.... ( Sound File 011-02 )
Dialogue Anda berasal dari mana?
Saya berasal dari Amerika.
Oh, Anda orang Amerika! Di mana Anda tinggal?
Saya tinggal di kota Detroit.
O begitu. Apakah Anda suka tinggal di Detroit?
Kurang. Saya suka tinggal di Indonesia. Dan Anda? Anda berasal dari mana?
Saya berasal dari Jepara, dekat Semarang.
Oh, Anda orang Jawa, ya?
Ya, saya orang Jawa. From this point let the conversation take off, perhaps following the path suggested in the model dialogue in Lesson 10, but perhaps going in another direction.
Mohon Perhatian!! There is a fuzzy border between tidak and bukan. For example, what do you say if you want to answer “no” to this question? Apakah mobil Anda mobil baru?
If the emphasis in the question is mobil Anda, or mobil baru (both noun phrases) then the appropriate answer is Bukan. But if the emphasis in the question is baru (an adjective) the appropriate answer is Tidak . Also, when you want to negate certain prepositions (words like di, di depan, di belakang etc.) bukan seems to be used as much as tidak . Take, example, this exchange: Di sini? Di belakang?
Bukan! Di sana!
Here? At the back?
No! Over there!
As this example suggests, bukan is more emphatic, or “stronger”, than tidak. This is especially evident when you want to emphasise a contrast or distinction. Supposing you want to stress that you definitely don’t live in Medan, you live in Padang. You might say something like this. Saya bukan tinggal di Medan...
Saya tinggal di Padang.
Lesson 11 I (definitely) don’t live in Medan...
I live in Padang.
Tinggal is a verb, so normally tinggal would be negated with tidak . But in this sentence it is negated with bukan because bukan is more emphatic and the speaker wants to stress that he/she doesn’t live in Medan. At this point in your study you don’t need to worry a lot about these nuances and variations – you will get a sensitive feel for them as your command of Indonesian deepens. For the moment concentrate on negating nouns with bukan, and negating all other parts of speech with tidak .
Exercise 11-03 Here are the ANSWERS to some questions. Write a question appropriate to each answer. (You are not allowed to crib your questions direct from the previous exercise, though in writing your questions, by all means follow the pattern of t hese questions.) 1. ........................................................ Tidak
6. ........................................................ Bukan
2. ........................................................ Tidak
7. ........................................................ Tidak
3. ........................................................ Bukan
8. ........................................................ Bukan
4. ........................................................ Tidak
9. ........................................................ Tidak
5. ........................................................ Bukan
10. ...................................................... Bukan
Twenty Questions (or Maybe Just Ten Questions?) You are no doubt familiar with the guessing game “Twenty Questions”. One player must guess who the other player is (or what the other player is thinking of) by asking a certain number of “yes/no” questions. You can play this game to practise answering questions with tidak or bukan and to get used to the Indonesian names for countries. Try it with a fellow student or with your teacher/tutor. Basically there are three questions you can ask: 1. Apakah Anda orang [insert the name of a country] ? (Because orang is a noun you answer “no” to this question with bukan.) 2. Apakah negara Anda jauh dari [insert the name of a country] ? (Because jauh is an adjective you answer “no” to this question with tidak .) 3. Apakah negara Anda di dekat [insert the name of a country] ? Because di dekat is a preposition you answer “no” to these questions with tidak .) So the guessing game might go as follows: Apakah Anda orang Indonesia? Hmmm. Apakah negara Anda jauh dari Indonesia? O begitu. Apakah Anda orang Perancis? Hmmm. Apakah negara Anda di dekat Perancis? Hmmm. Apakah Anda orang Rusia? O begitu. Apakah negara Anda di dekat Amerika Serikat? Jauh dari Amerika? Hmmm. Apakah Anda orang Jepang?
Bukan. Ya. Jauh. Bukan. Tidak. Bukan. Tidak. Ya!
Lesson 11 You should probably restrict the number of questions to just ten. Swap roles after each game. After several games, try some more “sophisticated” questions e.g. Apakah orang di negara Anda suka makan nasi? Apakah saya bisa naik kereta api dari Paris ke negara Anda?
If you do this, remember the the more “sophisticated” questions must be answerable only with ya, tidak or bukan.
Latihan 1—Kewarganegaraan To talk about the nationality of a person, in Indonesian you usually say orang (person) followed by the name of the country the person comes from. Match the Indonesian phrase with English. orang Cina
an Australian
orang Yunani
a Dutchman/Dutchwoman
orang Australia
a Frenchman/Frenchwoman
orang Selandia Baru
a German
orang Inggris
a Greek
orang Jerman
a New Zealander
orang Prancis
a Singaporean
orang Belanda
a Chinese
orang Singapura
an Egyptian
orang Mesir
an Englishman/Englishwoman
Latihan 2—Menyimak Jodohkan rekaman dengan terjemahannya.—Listen to first column with the matching Indonesian phrase.
Sound File 011-03 and
A. This is not tea. B. That is not a hotel, it is a hospital. C. Mrs Partini isn’t at the market. D. Mr Saleh is not a Chinese. E. I don’t live there. F. I don’t like going by bus. G. I am not an Australian.
fill the
Lesson 11
Latihan 3—Menjodohkan Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan lawan katanya di sebelah kanan.—Match the items on the left to their antonyms on the right. besar
panas
penuh
pahit
bersih
murah
bagus
lambat
mahal
kotor
cepat
kosong
dingin
kecil
manis
jelek
Latihan 4—Kuis: Latihan dengan Tidak dan Bukan Say each of the questions on the left out loud, then answer the question with either tidak or bukan. The underlined word in the question is the one you have to think about: is it a verb/adjective (in which case you answer tidak ), or is it a noun (in which case you answer bukan ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Apakah Anda suka makan daging? Apakah Bogor jauh dari Jakarta? Apakah ini hotel? Apakah Anda orang Kupang? Apakah Anda tinggal di Kupang? Apakah teh ini manis? Apakah ini teh manis? Apakah Anda suka makan makanan Prancis? Apakah saya harus pergi ke Bogor naik bemo? Apakah Anda orang Inggris? Apakah bir ini bir Bintang? Apakah Anda suka makan telur? Apakah Anda mau pergi ke Sydney? Apakah ini minuman Anda? Apakah sepeda motor ini bagus? Apakah Pasar Pusat ramai? Apakah ini gedung kantor pos? Apakah becak ini becak Anda?
Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐Tidak ☐
Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐ Bukan ☐
Latihan 5—Menjawab Pertanyaan Answer each of the following questions with a complete sentence. Here is an example. Question: Apakah Anda suka teh manis atau teh pahit? Answer: Saya suka teh pahit. 1.
Apakah Anda suka naik bus besar yang mahal atau bus biasa yang murah?
2.
Apakah Anda mau makan makanan Padang yang pedas atau makanan Jawa yang manis?
3.
Apakah Anda akan tinggal di hotel besar yang ramai atau di hotel kecil yang tidak ramai?
Lesson 11 4.
Apakah Anda suka naik becak biasa yang kotor atau taksi yang bagus dan bersih?
5.
Apakah Anda suka pasar yang ramai tetapi murah atau toko yang tidak ramai tetapi mahal?
6.
Apakah Anda mau pergi ke bioskop Ria yang biasanya penuh atau bioskop Reksa yang biasanya kosong?
7.
Apakah Anda mau tinggal di rumah yang besar tetapi jelek atau rumah yang kecil tetapi indah?
8.
Apakah Anda mau pergi ke Belanda yang dingin atau ke Indonesia yang panas?
9.
Apakah Anda ke Melbourne naik bus besar yang cepat atau bus biasa yang lambat tetapi murah?
10. Apakah Anda suka makan coklat yang manis sekali atau roti biasa yang tidak manis?
Latihan 6—Isian: Percakapan Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat.—Read the dialogue between Ibu Korengkeng and Sun-Hi. Fill in the gaps by choosing the appropriate word from the following wordlist. Note: Some words may be used more than once: bukan—jauh—orang— tidak
Ibu Korengkeng
Sun-Hi
Apakah Anda orang Indonesia?
Bukan.
Hmm...apakah negara Anda __________ dari Indonesia?
Jauh.
O begitu. Apakah Anda __________ Jepang?
__________.
Hmmm. Apakah negara Anda di dekat Jepang?
__________.
Hmmm. Apakah Anda orang Cina?
__________.
O begitu. Apakah negara Anda dekat Cina?
Dekat.
Dekat Cina? Hmmm. Apakah Anda orang Korea?
Ya!
Latihan 7—Rangkai Kata Urutkanlah kata-kata di bawah ini menjadi kalimat yang benar, yang artinya : 1. “My house isn’t far from here.” Rumah—dari—tidak—saya—jauh—sini. 2. “That is not a hotel, it is a hospital.” Itu—rumah—hotel,—itu—bukan—sakit.
Lesson 11 3. “I don’t live in Medan.” Saya—di—tinggal—tidak—Medan. 4. “Do people from your country like to eat rice?” Apakah—Anda—di—negara—makan—orang—suka—nasi? 5. “Can I take a train from Paris to your country?” Apakah—ke—api—bisa—negara—saya—naik—kereta—dari—Paris—Anda? 6. “He’s an Egyptian, not a Saudi.” Dia—Mesir—orang—bukan—Arab—orang—Saudi.
Latihan 8—Teka Teki Silang (TTS) Across (Mendatar): 3 crowded, bustling 6 hot 8 brown, chocolate 9 new 11 to live, to stay 13 building 14 good 16 very 17 car 18 tasty, delicious Down (Menurun): 1 expensive 2 cinema 4 behind 5 full 7 meat 10 sweet 12 but 14 a three-wheeled pedicab
Lesson 12
12
This is a good restaurant. Let’s go in.
Aims •
To practise the words and phrases that will enable you to eat in a restaurant.
Vocabulary Review Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous lessons. Make sure that you remember their meanings. ayam
chicken
kurang
less, not so much
bersih
clean
masuk
enter
buah-buahan
fruits
pasar
market
daging
meat
silakan
please
kecil
small
sekali
very
kepingin
want, desire
telur
egg
Another Look at Suka In Lesson 4 you met some questions using suka. Apakah Anda suka makan telur? Do you like (eating) eggs? Apakah Anda suka makan daging ayam? Do you like (eating) chicken? As we saw, if you want to say “no” to this question you say tidak, or more fully tidak suka. If you want to say “yes” you usually repeat the word suka. For example: Apakah Anda suka makan daging ayam? Do you like to eat chicken (meat)? Suka. Yes, I do.
Lesson 12 You can make your answer a little more emphatic by adding sekali (very). Apakah Anda suka minum kopi? Do you like (drinking) coffee? Suka sekali. Yes, I do, very much. In such sentences you can often drop the makan and minum. Thus: Apakah Anda suka daging ayam? Apakah Anda suka kopi?
More Familiar Food Over the last few decades, restaurant chains selling junk food with little or no nutritional value, have become quite popular in Indonesia. These include companies such as Pizza Hut, KFC, and McDonald’s, but also Indonesian-owned companies imitating US brand names such as Papa Ron’s Pizza or CFC (California Fried Chicken). So if you are addicted, you can join a lot of Indonesian fast food junkies. By the way, the CFC slogan Bukan Cuma Ayam means “not just chicken”. Among the most common imported fast food items are burger (hamburger), kentang goreng (French fries), and piza (pizza). Saya suka sekali makan burger. I really love hamburgers. Apakah Anda suka makan kentang goreng? Do you like eating French fries?
Exercise 12-01 Each item in this exercise contains an answer jawaban ( ). You write a question pertanyaan ( ) appropriate to the answer. Your question should (1) begin with apakah, (2) should use suka, and (3) should contain the name of a food or a drink. There are ten questions to be written. Do not use the name of any food or drink more than once in the exercise. 1. Jawaban: Suka.
6. Jawaban: Maaf, kurang suka.
2. Jawaban: Kurang suka. 3. Jawaban: Wah, suka sekali.
7. Jawaban: Tidak suka. 8. Jawaban: Aduh, suka sekali!
4. Jawaban: Tidak. 5. Jawaban: Suka.
9. Jawaban: Suka 10.Jawaban: Tidak suka.
With (Dengan) You have already met a number of important, very frequent “connector words” that you can use to stitch together the various components of complex sentences. Here they are in summary: tetapi (but)
Saya suka makan daging ayam, tetapi saya kurang suka telur ayam. I like chicken but I don’t like chicken eggs that much.
Lesson 12 dan (and)
Saya suka makan dan minum di rumah makan kecil. I like eating and drinking in small restaurants.
juga (also, too)
Pak Basri mau makan di Restoran Sudimoro. Saya juga mau. Mr Basri wants to eat the Sudimoro Restaurant. I do too.
atau (or)
Apakah Anda mau makan di rumah atau di pasar? Do you want to eat at home or at the market?
The connector word dengan (with) is an important addition to this squad of useful words. Saya suka sekali minum kopi dengan susu. I love coffee with milk. Apakah Anda mau pergi ke Bandung dengan saya? Would you like to go to Bandung with me? Study this passage setting out the speaker’s (rather unusual) likes and dislikes in food and drink. It displays all five of the connector words listed above. The last sentence uses all of them.
S
aya suka daging dan buah-buahan. Saya suka sekali makan daging ayam dengan buah pisang. Saya juga suka minum bir. Tetapi saya tidak suka kopi atau teh. Juga, saya tidak suka minum susu. Dan saya juga tidak suka makan ikan dengan roti, atau ikan dengan daging, tetapi ikan goreng dengan nasi enak sekali!
Conversation in a Restaurant Listen to Sound File 012-01 and read the transcription of the dialogue between Susan and Pak Adam. Susan, mau ke mana?
O Pak Adam. Saya mau ke restoran.
Mau makan sekarang?
Ayo sama-sama, Pak.
Mau makan di mana?
Di restoran ini, Pak. Ini restoran bagus. Mari, Pak.
Baik. O, restoran ini bersih sekali.
Silakan duduk, Pak. Bapak mau makan apa?
Saya suka ayam goreng. Susan suka ayam goreng juga?
Kurang, Pak. Tapi saya suka sekali buah-buahan
Saya juga suka buah-buahan. Oh, itu apa?
Itu sate ayam, Pak. Enak sekali.
Hmm...saya minta sate ayam dengan nasi dan es teh.
Baik. Saya mau makan pisang goreng dan minum kopi susu.
Cara Indonesia: “Please give me...” Notice the phrase saya minta in the above conversation. This is a very useful and very common phrase. You should practise using it as much as you can. Translated literally it means “I ask for ....”. But saya minta is also the Indonesian way of saying “give me”. Saya
Lesson 12 minta is quite a polite phrase, so it is probably more equivalent to “please give me...” Saya minta... is a good illustration of the fact that Indonesian doesn’t have a single way of translating the English “please”. Indeed, as saya minta shows, it is possible to be perfectly polite in Indonesian without using any particular word like the English “please”. In traditional, rural society, words like “please”, “thank you”, “excuse me”, and even “Good morning”, “Good evening” etc. either don’t exist at all, or if they do exist, they are not used as frequently as they are in English. Yet the people of these communities can be just as polite as the politest speakers of English are.
Role Play: “Saya Yang Traktir” The Indonesian word traktir (from the Dutch trakteren ) means “to pay for someone’s meal, drinks etc. as a special treat.” In this role play, imagine that there are two people eating in a restaurant, one of whom is paying for the other. (In Indonesia it is rare for a group of diners to “split the bill” i.e. each diner pays for himself/herself, or each diner produces money which is then “pooled” to pay the bill. Indonesians tend to find this custom intensely embarrassing when they encounter it overseas.) Take the model conversation on the previous page as your beginning point, but massage it, amend it, edit it, add to it, subtract from it – in short use your own ideas and experience, and other material in the lessons you have studied so far, to say things that are not in the model conversation. After initial smalltalk ( Selamat sore, Apa kabar, Mau ke mana etc.) one of the speakers will say this key sentence. Apakah Anda mau makan dengan saya? Saya yang traktir. Would you like to have a meal with me? My shout. / My treat. / I’ll pay. Then talk about likes and dislikes in food and drink, restaurants and warungs etc. Don’t hesitate to say what you don’t like ( Saya tidak suka... ) and don’t forget to say Saya minta ... (Please give me / I would like ...). As always, time yourselves, and strive to keep your dialogue going longer and longer every time you repeat the role play, even if you are not saying very much that is substantial. Then, when you feel confident you have fully mastered the vocabulary and the basic sentences of the dialogue, switch to informal mode. After reviewing informal vocabulary (see especially Lesson 4, 5 and 7) your dialogue will begin like like this:
Eh, Sarah, apa kamu mau makan sama aku? Aku kepingin traktir kamu!
Wah, mau sekali! Kamu mau makan di mana?
...
...
...
...
Perhatian! Apa kamu mau makan sama aku? Aku kepingin traktir kamu! Do you want to eat with me? I'll pay! Note that apa does not only mean ‘what’. In colloquial Indonesian apakah is shortened to apa.
Lesson 12
Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu Jodohkan kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan ayam
meat
kecil
egg
bersih
fruits
sekali
small
buah-buahan
want to
pasar
enter, go in
daging
clean
telur
market
kepingin
chicken
masuk
very
Latihan 2—Pemahaman Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut sesuai dengan rekaman.—Listen to 012-01 to answer the following questions. 1. Where is Susan going? A. B. C. D.
Work Home Restaurant Market
2. Does Mr. Adam like fried chicken? A. Yes B. No 3. Does Susan like fried chicken? A. Yes, she loves it B. She likes it a little C. No, she hates it D. She has had the chicken at that restaurant 4. What beverage does Mr. Adam order? A. Coffee B. Iced Tea C. Milk D. Soda 5. What does Susan eat? A. Fried chicken B. Fried beef satay C. Fried bananas D. Fried ice cream 6. What beverage does Susan order? A. Coffee B. Iced Tea C. Milk D. Soda
Sound File
Lesson 12
Latihan 3—Isian Pilih di antara: bagus—duduk—juga—makan— bagus—duduk—juga—makan—mau—minta—na mau—minta—nasi—pisang—seka si—pisang—sekali—suka li—suka Pak Adam
Susan. Mau ke mana?
Susan
O Pak Adam. Saya __________ ke restoran.
Pak Ad Adam
Mau __ __________ se sekarang?
Susan
Ayo, sama-sama, Pak
Pak Adam
Mau makan di mana?
Susan
Di restoran ini, Pak. Ini restoran __________. Mari, Pak.
Pak Pak Ad Adam
Baik. aik. O, re restor storan an ini ini ber bers sih sekal ekalii.
Susan
Silakan __________, Pa Pak. Ba Bapak ma mau makan ap apa?
Pak Pak Ada Adam m
Saya Saya suka suka ayam ayam gore goreng ng.. Sus Susan an ____ ______ ____ ____ __ ayam ayam gore goreng ng juga juga? ?
Susan
Kurang, Pak. Tetapi saya suka __________ buah-buahan.
Pak Pak Ada Adam m
Saya Saya ____ ______ ____ ____ __ suka suka buah buah-b -bua uaha han. n. O, itu itu apa apa? ?
Susan
Itu sate ayam, Pak. Enak sekali.
Pak Pak Ada Adam m
Hmmm Hmmm,, say saya a ___ _____ ____ ____ ___ _ sat sate e aya ayam m den denga gan n ___ _____ ____ ____ ___ _ dan dan es teh. teh.
Susan
Baik. Sa Saya ma mau ma makan __________ go goreng da dan mi minum ko kopi su susu.
Latihan 4—Menyimak: Pertanyaan dan Jawaban Listen to Sound File 012-02 File 012-02 and choose the correct answer. 1.
A. Saya Saya suka suka minum minum kopi. kopi.
2.
B. Saya Saya tidak tidak suka suka minum minum teh. teh.
3.
C. Saya Saya tidak tidak suka suka makan makan ayam. ayam.
4.
D. Saya suka sekali sekali minum minum kopi dengan dengan susu. susu.
5.
E. Ya, saya mau pergi ke Bandung Bandung dengan dengan Anda. Anda.
6.
F. Saya Saya suka suka maka makan n telu telur. r.
7.
G. Saya mau makan makan di rumah rumah makan makan kecil. kecil.
8.
H. Saya Saya mau makan makan di pasar. pasar.
9.
I.
10.
J. Pak Basri mau makan makan di Restoran Restoran Minang Minang Raya. Raya.
Saya Saya lebi lebih h suka suka maka makan n telu telur. r.
Lesson 12
Latihan 5—Isian Complete the following narrative based on its translation. Choose among the t he following words: air jeruk—air putih—ayam goreng—bir—daging—ikan—kentang—nasi—sus goreng—bir—daging—ikan—kentang—nasi—susu u
I
like fish and meat. I really love to eat rice with fried chicken. I also like to drink milk, but I don’t like orange juice or water. I also don’t like to drink beer. I dislike potatoes, but I really like to eat rice.
Saya suka __________ dan __________. Saya suka sekali makan __________ dengan __________. Saya juga suka minum __________, tetapi saya tidak suka __________ atau __________. Saya juga tidak suka minum __________. Saya tidak suka __________, tetapi saya suka sekali makan nasi.
Latihan 6—Rangkai Kata Urutkan kata-kata berikut menjadi kalimat yang baik sesuai dengan arti: 1. “I like like chicke chicken n but but I don’t don’t like like chick chicken en eggs eggs that that much.” much.” Saya—kurang—daging—tetapi—telur—su Saya—kurang—daging—tetapi—telur—suka—ayam—saya—s ka—ayam—saya—suka—ayam. uka—ayam. 2. “Do “Do you you like like drin drinki king ng coffee?” Apakah—minum—suka—kamu Apakah—minum—suka—kamu—kopi? —kopi? 3. “Do you you want want to eat a fried chicken chicken at at Sederhan Sederhana a Restaura Restaurant?” nt?” Apakah—Restoran—Anda—makan—ay Apakah—Restoran— Anda—makan—ayam—mau—goreng— am—mau—goreng—di—Sederhana? di—Sederhana? 4. “Do “Do you you wan wantt to eat eat ramb rambut utan an?” ?” Apa—makan—mau—kamu—ramb Apa—makan—mau—kamu—rambutan? utan? 5. “Do “Do you you like like drin drinki king ng coffee with milk?” Apa—sama—suka—minum—kam Apa—sama—suka— minum—kamu—kopi—susu u—kopi—susu? ?
Lesson 12
Latihan 7—Teka Teki Silang (TTS) Across (Mendatar): 4: an egg 5: small 6: market 9: fruit 10: meat 11: to come in, to go in 13: or 16: question 17: less, not quite, isn’t really 18: chicken, chicken meat 20: with, together with Down (Menurun): 1: clean 2: but 3: banana 7: also, too 8: answer 12: (coll) want to, wish to 14: to drink 15: very 19: and
Lesson 13
13
“Thank you, but sorry... I can’t.”
Aims • •
To learn how to refer to the near future. To learn how to invite someone to do something (and say “no” to an invitation).
Vocabulary Review Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous lessons. Make sure that you remember their meanings. bagaimana
how
malam
evening, night
belajar
to learn
naik
ascend, go by
dengan
with
perpustakaan
library
harus
must
siang
around noon
maaf
excuse me
sore
ca 14-18:00
mal
shopping mall
Later Today The word nanti (later, in a short time from now) can be used in phrases indicating that the speaker is referring to a time later in the same day. For example, the phrase nanti malam is spoken in the morning or afternoon and means “tonight”. So nanti -phrases always look ahead to a part of the day that is still to come. nanti siang
nanti sore
nanti malam
this (early) afternoon
this (late) afternoon
tonight
Because nanti -phrases “look ahead”, they are often accompanied by words that point to the future, like mau and kepingin. In combination with nanti , akan is redundant, yet also sometimes used. Study these sentences. Nanti malam saya mau ke bioskop dengan Farah. Tonight I want to go to the cinema with Farah. Pak Hutagalung akan makan di sini nanti siang. Mr Hutagalung will eat here this afternoon. Nanti sore? Wah, aku kepingin belajar di rumah sama Filipus. Later this afternoon? Oh... I want to study at home with Filipus.
Lesson 13
Perhatian! If you are looking ahead to a time later in the day you use a nanti -phrase such as nanti siang, nanti sore, nanti malam. Note that *nanti pagi does not exist! Instead of a nanti -phrase you can also use an ini -phrase, which can equally refer to the future, but also to the present: pagi ini (this morning that we are currently experiencing), si ang ini , sore ini , malam ini .
Inviting Someone to Do Something Study this substitution drill. Listen to Sound File 013-01. Each successive sentence in the exercise has one word changed. The changed word is uttered by a male voice. First listen to the female voice and then change the sentence by incorporating the word uttered by the male voice to produce a new, slightly changed, but still correct sentence. Proceed in this way until you have completed the whole sequence of sentences. Repeat the sequence as many times as necessary until you can produce all the sentences correctly first time, pronouncing them smoothly, and understanding instantly what each one means. Preferably you should do this exercise listening to the sound file, but you can also do it this way: The changed word is given in the list on the right. Place a card over the sentences and cue words. Move the card down and expose the first sentence. Say the sentence out loud, confidently and smoothly. Now look at the cue word on the right. Don’t move the card down yet. In your mind, insert the cue word into the sentence you have just read, substituting it for one of t he words in the sentence so that you produce a new, slightly changed, but still correct sentence. Move the card down exposing the next line, and check that you got your new sentence right. Now make an other new sentence using the new cue word that has come into view on the right. Proceed in this way until you have completed the whole sequence of sentences. Repeat the sequence as many times as necessary until you can produce all the sentences correctly first time, pronouncing them smoothly, and understanding instantly what each one means. Apakah Anda mau minum dengan saya nanti malam?
makan
Apakah Anda mau makan dengan saya nanti malam?
bisa
Apakah Anda bisa makan dengan saya nanti malam?
nanti sore
Apakah Anda bisa makan dengan saya nanti sore?
berjalan-jalan
Apakah Anda bisa berjalan-jalan dengan saya nanti sore?
mau
Apakah Anda mau berjalan-jalan dengan saya nanti sore?
pergi ke toko
Apakah Anda mau pergi ke toko dengan saya nanti sore?
nanti siang
Apakah Anda mau pergi ke toko dengan saya nanti siang?
minum bir
Apakah Anda mau minum bir dengan saya nanti siang?
nanti malam
Apakah Anda mau minum bir dengan saya nanti malam?
bisa
Apakah Anda bisa minum bir dengan saya nanti malam?
makan di rumah
Apakah Anda bisa makan di rumah dengan saya nanti malam?
naik mobil
Lesson 13 Apakah Anda bisa naik mobil dengan saya nanti malam?
nanti sore
Apakah Anda bisa naik mobil dengan saya nanti sore?
keluar
Apakah Anda bisa keluar dengan saya nanti sore?
mau
Apakah Anda mau keluar dengan saya nanti sore?
belajar
Apakah Anda mau belajar dengan saya nanti sore?
Exercise 13-01 Answer the questions posed in the substitution drill above. Remember that if a Yes/No question has bisa or mau in it usually we answer the question in the a ffirmative by repeating bisa or mau. This can be followed by terima kasih if the question is an o ffer or invitation. If you answer in the negative, it is polite to preface your answer with Maaf , or Terima kasih. You should avoid using tidak mau in an answer, because tidak mau is too blunt and abrupt. Instead of tidak mau you should use tidak bisa or tidak dapat . Look at these examples first, before you begin the exercise. Apakah Anda bisa makan durian dengan saya nanti malam? Bisa. Terima kasih. OR Maaf, tidak bisa. OR Terima kasih, saya tidak bisa. Apakah Anda mau belajar bahasa Indonesia dengan saya nanti sore? Mau. Terima kasih. OR Maaf, saya tidak bisa. OR Terima kasih. Saya tidak bisa. 1. Apakah Anda mau minum dengan saya nanti malam? 2. Apakah Anda mau makan dengan saya nanti malam? 3. Apakah Anda bisa makan dengan saya nanti malam? 4. Apakah Anda bisa makan dengan saya nanti sore? 5.
Apakah Anda bisa berjalan-jalan dengan saya nanti sore?
6.
Apakah Anda mau berjalan-jalan dengan saya nanti sore?
7.
Apakah Anda mau pergi ke toko dengan saya nanti sore?
8.
Apakah Anda mau pergi ke toko dengan saya nanti siang?
9.
Apakah Anda mau minum bir dengan saya nanti siang?
10. Apakah Anda mau minum bir dengan saya nanti malam? 11. Apakah Anda bisa minum bir dengan saya nanti malam? 12. Apakah Anda bisa makan di rumah dengan saya nanti malam? 13. Apakah Anda bisa naik mobil dengan saya nanti malam? 14. Apakah Anda bisa tinggal di kampus dengan saya nanti malam? 15. Apakah Anda bisa tinggal di kampus dengan saya nanti sore? 16. Apakah Anda bisa keluar dengan saya nanti sore? 17. Apakah Anda mau keluar dengan saya nanti sore? 18. Apakah Anda mau belajar bahasa Indonesia dengan saya nanti sore? 19. Apakah Anda bisa belajar dengan saya nanti malam? 20. Apakah Anda bisa minum teh dengan saya nanti malam?
Lesson 13
Cara Indonesia: Thank You.... Yes or No? Terima kasih can be translated both “Yes thank you” and “No thank you” depending on the context. A shake of the head accompanied by Terima kasih means “No thank you” and conversely a nod plus Terima kasih means “Yes thank you”. That is why Terima kasih is appropriate in all the answers you give below if you want to be polite.
Politely Rejecting an Invitation How do you say “no” to an unwelcome invitation? The short answer is: with liberal use of the word maaf (sorry). Look at this exchange. Apakah Anda mau makan dengan saya di Hotel Pantai Indah nanti malam? Would you like to have dinner with me at the Pantai Indah Hotel tonight? Maaf, tidak bisa. Saya harus ke Bukittinggi nanti malam. Sorry, I can’t. I’ve got to go to Bukittinggi tonight. O begitu. Bagaimana kalau nanti siang di Restoran Tokyo? Oh, I see. What about this afternoon at Tokyo Restaurant? Maaf. Saya kurang suka makanan Jepang. Sorry. I don’t like Japanese food that much. Notice the following features of this conversation. (1) Apakah Anda mau... is a useful and common phrase meaning “Would you like to...” If you are asking someone if they would like to do something, make sure you use the word mau (or bisa ) and not suka. Suka means “to like” in the sense “to be fond of”, so you wouldn’t normally use it to invite someone to do something with you. (2) The unwelcome invitation is politely refused with the “apology word” maaf , and the phrase saya tidak bisa. When you respond to an invitation, you should avoid saying saya tidak mau (I don’t want to) because this sounds too abrupt, even impolite. You should also avoid saying saya tidak suka and use the more polite saya kurang suka instead. (3) The recipient of the invitation gives a reason for refusing it. Giving a reason, even a reason that is not strictly true, is important if you want to help the inviter to save face when you refuse the invitation. (4) The person making the invitation may be persistent, using the phrase bagaimana kalau... (what about, what if) to suggest another time or another venue. This new invitation may demand a new excuse.
Exercise 13-02 Here is a series of unwelcome invitations. Following the models given above and on the previous page, and taking on board the commentary that follows it, politely refuse each of the invitations and provide an excuse. Make sure all your excuses are different. Study this example before you begin. Invitation: Apakah Anda mau pergi ke mal dengan saya nanti malam? You write (for example): Maaf, tidak bisa. Nanti malam saya harus belajar di perpustakaan dengan Yuni. Follow-up invitation: O begitu. Bagaimana kalau nanti siang? You write (for example): O maaf. Nanti siang saya ke gereja dengan Evi.
1a. Apakah Anda mau minum bir di rumah saya nanti malam? 1b. O begitu. Bagaimana kalau nanti siang?
Lesson 13 2a. Apakah Anda bisa belajar dengan saya di perpustakaan nanti sore? 2b. O begitu. Hmmmm, bagaimana kalau Anda belajar dengan saya di rumah? 3a. Apakah Anda mau pergi dengan saya ke Semarang nanti malam? 3b. O begitu. Bagaimana kalau kita ke Semarang nanti siang? 4a. Apakah Anda mau makan dengan saya di restoran Cina sekarang? 4b. O begitu. Bagaimana kalau kita makan di pasar? 5a. Apakah Anda bisa naik bus dengan saya ke kampus? 5b. O begitu. Bagaimana kalau naik taksi?
Role Play: Declining an Unwelcome Invitation Imagine that you are in conversation with a friend – or perhaps with someone you have just met – who wants to invite you to go somewhere or do something. Practice in pairs with a classmate or with your teacher/tutor. How do you extend an informal (but unwelcome) invitation and how do you parry or decline it? One way is to say Terima kasih (Thank you) and/or Maaf (Sorry) then give an excuse. Try to be inventive (and not necessarily 100% truthful) with your excuses. Here are some of the variables that will help you diversify your excuses. • • • • • •
Times: nanti siang, nanti sore, nanti malam Venues: restoran, hotel, toko, rumah, jalan, warung, rumah makan, pasar etc. Cuisines: makanan Cina, makanan Perancis, makanan Arab etc. Foods and Drinks: daging, nasi, roti, telur, bir, susu, kopi etc. Beginning an excuse: saya harus.., saya akan..., saya kurang/tidak suka..., saya tidak bisa... Other commitments: pergi ke..., kembali ke..., tinggal di..., makan..., makan di/dengan..., minum di/dengan..., belajar di/dengan..., belajar bahasa Indonesia di/dengan... etc.
The person making the invitation should be persistent. Don’t take no for an answer! You can renew your invitation by saying • •
O begitu. Bagaimana kalau (nanti malam, makanan Amerika, di pusat kota etc.) Hmmm. Apakah Anda suka (kantin di kampus? makanan Jepang? etc.)
See how persistent you can be... and how creative your excuses can be. Keep the conversation polite. Make plenty of use of Maaf and Terima kasih. Swap roles.
Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu Jodohkan kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan bagaimana
with
siang
shopping mall
belajar
to learn
mal
night
dengan
must, have to
malam
library
harus
late afternoon
naik
ascend, go by
maaf
I’m sorry
perpustakaan
around noon
sore
how?
Lesson 13
Latihan 2—Latihan: Tidak vs. Nggak Answer each of the following questions with either tidak (formal) or nggak (informal) based on the level of formality of the sentence. 1.
Apa kamu kepingin jalan-jalan sama Denny nanti sore? A. Tidak B. Nggak
2.
Apakah Anda mau makan ayam goreng di Restoran Santai nanti siang? A. Tidak B. Nggak
3.
Apakah Pak Sulaiman akan tinggal di kantor nanti malam? A. Tidak B. Nggak
4.
Apakah Anda belajar di perpustakaan nanti malam? A. Tidak B. Nggak
5. Mau naik kereta api ke Purwokerto nanti malam? A. Tidak B. Nggak
Latihan 3—Pilihan Ganda: Kategori For each of the following words, select which category it fits into best.
A. Time 1. nanti sore 2. pasar 3. nanti malam 4. makanan Prancis 5. nasi 6. warung 7. susu 8. telur 9. toko 10. jalan 11. daging 12. nanti siang 13. kopi
B. Place
C. Cuisine
D. Food & Drink
Lesson 13
Latihan 4—Menjodohkan Dengarkan rekaman berikut dan pilih jawaban yang tepat.—Listen to Sound File 013-02 and choose the correct answer. a. Nggak. Nanti malam aku mau minum sama Pak Karyo. b. Tidak. Saya pergi ke sana naik kereta api nanti malam. c. Ya. Dia akan pergi dengan saya nanti sore. d. Ya. Nanti siang dia ke kota naik bus. e. Ya. Saya mau ke bioskop dengan Kartika nanti sore.
Latihan 5—Menyimak Jodohkan rekaman di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Listen to Sound File 013-03 and match the recordings to the translations on the right. a. I don’t like this food that much. b. What if we (go to eat) this afternoon at that restaurant? c. I want to go study at home with him. d. I’ve got to go home tonight. e. She will eat here this afternoon. f.
Would you like to have dinner here with me tonight?
g. Tonight I want to go to the cinema with him.
Latihan 6—Menjodohkan Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the items on the left to their translations on the right. 1. berjalan-jalan
a. a smelly and spiky large fruit
2. bahasa
b. what about, what if
3. durian
c. Indonesian
4. nanti
d. language
5. bagaimana kalau
e. shortly, later
6. bahasa Indonesia
f.
7. kalau
g. to go out
8. keluar
h. if
to go for a walk
Lesson 13
Latihan 7—Isian Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat: maaf—kalau begitu—suka—nanti— tidak apa-apa—bagaimana—terima kasih—boleh Kadek
Apakah Anda mau minum bir di rumah saya nanti malam?
Sentosa __________, saya tidak minum bir. Kadek
__________, bagaimana kalau kita minum teh saja?
Sentosa Bisa, saya __________ minum teh.
Ucok
Apakah Anda bisa belajar dengan saya di perpustakaan __________ sore?
Wida
O maaf, nanti sore saya di rumah.
Ucok
O _____________. Hmmmm, bagaimana kalau kita belajar di rumah?
Wida
Baik, jam 3 saya datang ke rumah Anda.
Nur
Apakah Anda mau ke Semarang dengan saya nanti malam?
Erna
Maaf, nanti malam tidak bisa.
Nur
O begitu. __________ kalau kita ke Semarang besok siang?
Erna
Baiklah
Jufri
Apakah Anda mau makan dengan saya di restoran Cina Nam Fong sekarang?
Rudi
_____________ tetapi saya tidak suka makanan di Nam Fong.
Kadek
O tidak apa-apa. Bagaimana kalau kita makan di pasar saja?
Sentosa __________.
Latihan 8—Rangkai Kata Urutkanlah kata-kata di bawah ini menjadi kalimat yang benar sesuai dengan arti: 1. “Do you want to go to the store later this afternoon?” Anda—Apakah—pergi—nanti—ke—mau—toko—sore? 2. “Mr. Hutagalung will eat here this afternoon.” Pak Hutagalung—akan—nanti—di—makan—sini—siang.
Lesson 13 3. “I have to go to Bukittinggi tonight.” Saya—Bukittinggi—ke—nanti—harus—malam. 4. “What about this afternoon at Tokyo Restaurant?” Bagaimana—Restoran—kalau—siang—di—nanti—Tokyo? 5. “I don’t like Japanese food that much.” Saya—makanan—kurang—suka—Jepang. 6. “Would you like to eat durian tonight?” Apakah—durian—makan—nanti—mau—Anda—malam? 7. “I want to study Indonesian in Yogyakarta.” Saya—Indonesia—belajar—mau—bahasa—di—Yogyakarta.
Latihan 9—Teka Teki Silang (TTS) Across (Mendatar): 5: to go 6: night 7: shortly, presently 8: to get aboard 10: to study 11: with, together with 12: late afternoon 13: shopping mall 14: we (inclusive) 15: how, what is...like? Down (Menurun): 1: late morning to mid afternoon 2: beautiful 3: want to, wish to 4: language 9: must, have to 10: cinema 11: a large, spiky, and smelly fruit 13: I’m sorry, I apologise
Lesson 14
14
Helping a Visitor to Your Campus
Aims • • •
To review prepositions of place and locative nouns To practise getting information with di mana, apa and naik apa To review in conversation the basic vocabulary of buildings and places
Vocabulary Review Here are some of the frequent words used in this lesson that have appeared in previous lessons. Make sure that you remember their meanings. belajar
to learn
di samping
beside, next to
biasanya
usually
duduk
to sit
di antara
in between
orang
a person
di dekat
near
pesawat terbang
airplane
di depan
in front of
pusat
centre
telur
egg
Locative Nouns You have already learned the common prepositions di ‘in, at, on’, ke ‘to’ and dari ‘from’. These locative prepositions do not indicate how the object is being placed, whether it‘s in outside, inside, in front, at the back, etc. Locative nouns, placed after the prepositions, indicate where exactly the object is located. The locative nouns a ntara ‘between’, belakang ‘back’, depan ‘front’ samping ‘side’, and dekat ‘near’ were mentioned in Lesson 6. You can combine them with the above mentioned prepositions: di belakang (in the back), ke belakang (to the back), dari belakang (from the back). Note that di dekat is often abbreviated to dekat . In this lesson we introduce another common locative noun which is seberang ‘other side’. Restoran Italia di seberang sungai. The Italia Restaurant is on the other side of the river. Rumah saya di seberang sekolah. My house is opposite the school. Bank itu di seberang kantor polisi. The bank is across from the police station.
Lesson 14 In the last two examples it is assumed that there is a street dividing the house from the school, and the bank from the police station. In these instances di depan is also frequently used instead o f di seberang. Remember that when you use seberang there is always something in between, either a street, a hill or mountain, a field or town square, a river, a sea, or a lake. More locative nouns will be introduced in Lesson 19, 27, 28, and 77. For more on locative prepositions and locative nouns consult the Indonesian Reference Grammar by James Neil Sneddon, 1996. Please note that we strongly encourage students of The Indonesian Way to purchase a copy of Sneddon's grammar.
Giving Directions Here are some handy expressions for giving directions. Pak, numpang tanya, kantor posnya di mana? Sir. If I may ask, where is the post office? Jalan terus saja lalu belok kiri. Just go straight ahead, then make a left turn. Jalan pertama ke kiri? The first street to the left?
Bukan jalan pertama, jalan kedua Not the first street, the second street.
The colloquial phrase numpang tanya is always used when asking a stranger a question. It is roughly equivalent to our “May I ask you a question?” although numpang tanya is not a question, but a statement. NOTE: Numpang, derived from the root tumpang is a colloquial term meaning ‘to use something that belongs to someone else’ e.g. Numpang tidur ‘to sleep over at someone’s house’, numpang makan ‘to eat at someone else’s expense’, Boleh numpang kamar mandi? ‘May I use your bathroom?’ If you tell a taxi driver “keep on going” the phrase that you use is jalan terus, or simpler terus or terus saja. NOTE: Ordinal numbers (the first, the second, the third etc.) are formed using the prefix ke-: kedua the second, ketiga puluh, the thirtieth etc. The only exception is pertama ‘the first’. Numbers will be introduced in Lesson 17.
Asking for Information So far you have been practising asking and answering questions mainly using so-called “yes/no questions”. These are questions that demand an answer that is a choice between two or more alternatives. Usually you answer with either a simple “yes” or “no”. In Indonesian, yes/no questions are usually – but by no means always – recognisable by the word apakah at the beginning of the question. (Quite often a “yes/no question” is indicated simply with a rising tone of voice, especially if you are speaking rapidly or informally: Kamu mau makan di sini? = “Do you want to eat here?”) Although yes/no questions are very common, they are not, of course, the only kind of question. If you ask “What is your name?”, this question cannot be answered with a simple “yes” or “no”. To answer this question you have to give more detailed information. So this kind of question can
Lesson 14 be called an “information question”. Usually information questions have question words (or interrogatives) in them, like the English question words “who”, “what”, “when”, “where”, “why”, “how”, “how many”, “how long”, “which” and others. You have already met these Indonesian question words apa words apa (what), (what), siapa siapa (who), (who), di mana (where), mana (where), and dari mana (from mana (from where): Siapa nama Anda? What is your name?
Di mana Anda akan makan? Where are you going to eat?
Anda berasal dari mana? mana? Where are you from?
Anda mau makan apa? apa? What do you want to eat?
In these sentences di mana and apa and apa are are question words demanding information. In the following exercise you will have the opportunity to create a variety of sentences using the interrogatives di mana and mana and apa apa..
Exercise 14-01 Study these substitution tables. Each bracket of questions and answers illustrates various ways that the question words di mana and apa can be used to get information when you arrive in an Indonesian town. Practise making questions and answering them. If possible, work with a partner. Try to add new words to some of the columns of the tables. 1
makan Di mana
Anda
akan
minum
mau
tinggal
?
duduk makan Saya
sana
mau
minum
di
Hotel _____
akan
tinggal
Restoran _____
duduk
......
.
mesjid toko Di mana
Hotel ______
?
rumah sakit terminal bus ...... 2
Mesjid
dekat
Toko ____
belakang
Hotel ____ Rumah sakit Terminal angkot
di
Jalan ____ samping
di depan ...... ,
-------tidak jauh dari ......
.
Lesson 14 3
suka Anda
mau
makan apa?
akan ayam goreng daging nasi suka Saya
telur ayam
mau
makan
roti
akan
.
pisang buah-buahan makanan Padang
4
suka Anda
mau
minum apa?
akan air jeruk suka Saya
teh manis
mau
minum
kopi susu
akan
.
air bir Bintang
5
suka Anda
mau
belajar apa?
akan ilmu politik suka Saya
mau
bahasa Indonesia belajar
akan
bahasa Cina
.
matematika ilmu ekonomi bahasa Inggris
6
kampus harus Anda
mau akan
Bali naik
apa
ke
Flores rumah
?
Lesson 14 Jakarta ...... ...... bus harus Saya
mau
mobil naik
akan
pesawat terbang
.
angkot sepeda motor
Exercise 14-02 This is the map of an imaginary university campus. Imagine that you are sta ffing the Pusat Informasi (Information (Information Centre) on campus. A visitor approaches you and asks for information. Write an answer to each of the visitor’s questions. Try to make your answers as detailed as possible. The first question is answered for you.
Lesson 14 Kampus Universitas Widya Buana
1.
Di mana Bank Mandiri? Bank Mandiri di Jalan Sam Ratulangi di samping kantor pos di depan Hotel Loka Utama tidak jauh dari Fakultas Matematika dan IPA.
2.
Di mana Fakultas Kedokteran?
3.
Di mana toko roti?
4.
Apakah perpustakaan jauh dari sini?
5.
Di mana gedung Fakultas Ekonomi?
6.
Apakah Asrama Hamzah Fanzuri jauh dari Hotel Loka Utama?
7.
Di mana rumah Rektor?
8.
Apakah Fakultas Sastra di depan pasar?
9.
Di mana Kantin Mahasiswa?
10. Di mana gedung Poliklinik?
Exercise 14-03 A visitor from Indonesia who doesn’t speak a word of English has just got off the bus at the bus terminal in the centre of the town where you live. He looks lost and bewildered. As a helpful, hospitable citizen you approach the visitor and address him confidently in fluent Indonesian. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Greet the visitor and ask him where he is from. Introduce yourself and tell the visitor where you are from. Ask the visitor where he is going to stay. The visitor says: “Saya tinggal di Hotel Olympia. Di mana hotel itu?” How do you answer? The visitor asks: “Apakah saya harus naik taksi ke sana?” How do you answer? The visitor asks you: “Apakah Hotel Olympia bersih? Dan apakah hotel itu mahal?” How do you answer? 7. Ask the visitor if he would like to join you for a meal. 8. The visitor accepts. Asks him what he likes to eat and drink. 9. Invite your guest into a restaurant and invite him to sit down. 10. Your guest asks you where the post office is. How do you answer?
Ucapan: Pronunciation Review Let’s go back to the features of pronunciation practised in the initial lessons. Each syllable has roughly equal length and stress, with (usually) extra stress on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable in a word. • When the penultimate syllables has an unstressed “e” in it ( dekat , bersih ), then the stress is on the last syllable. The vowels of Indonesian are “pure”, never diphtongised. The /r/ sound is usually rolled or trilled. •
• •
Keeping these four points at the forefront of your mind, carefully say the following sentences from recent lessons. First check that you understand them. Then repeat them over and over until
Lesson 14 they come smoothly and correctly o ff the tongue. Finally listen to Sound File 14-01 to check that your pronunciation is correct. Di mana Anda akan makan?
Di mana Gedung Ilmu Kimia?
Rumah sakit di dekat universitas.
Apakah hotel itu bersih?
Ini sate ayam, Pak. Enak sekali.
Maaf, saya tidak bisa.
Apakah Anda mau makan telur?
Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu Jodohkan kata-kata di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan. 1 belajar
a. to sit
2 biasanya
b. beside, side-by-side with
3 di depan
c. to study
4 di samping
d. person, a man/woman
5 duduk
e. the centre
6 orang
f. an egg
7 pesawat terbang
g. usually
8 pusat
h. in front of
9 telur
i. airplane
Latihan 2—Isian Complete the following mini conversations by choosing from the following words: adik—apa—belajar—belakang—ilmu—mau—minum—nanti—pergi—perpustakaan—pisang —rumah Di mana Anda makan ________ malam?
Saya makan di rumah.
Di mana rumah Anda?
Rumah saya di ________ perpustakaan.
Biasanya, Anda pergi ke kampus naik apa?
Saya ________ ke kampus naik bus.
Di mana Anda ________ nanti sore?
Saya belajar di ________.
Anda belajar apa nanti sore?
Saya akan belajar ________ ekonomi.
Anda mau ________ apa?
Saya mau minum teh saja.
Di mana Anda makan nanti malam?
Saya ________ makan di kampus.
Di Warung Sedap Anda suka makan apa?
Di situ, saya suka makan _______ goreng.
Lesson 14 Orang bisa naik ________ dari Surabaya ke Denpasar?
Orang bisa naik pesawat terbang dari Surabaya ke Denpasar.
Di mana ________ makan Bali Aga?
Di belakang sekolah ________ saya.
Latihan 3—Pertanyaan dan Jawaban Listen to the ten questions in Sound File 014-01 and find the correct answer for each question. Then listen to the recording once again and write down each of t he ten questions. Make sure to check the key to the exercises. 1. ......................................................................a. Biasanya saya ke kampus naik bis. 2. ......................................................................b. Ke Denpasar kita bisa naik bus. 3. ......................................................................c. Di perpustakaan. 4. ......................................................................d. Di sana saya suka makan sate. 5. ......................................................................e. Nama restoran itu Sudi Mampir. 6. ......................................................................f. Nanti malam saya makan di Restoran Iga. 7. ......................................................................g. Nanti malam saya makan ikan. 8. ......................................................................h. Nanti sore saya belajar bahasa Indonesia. 9. ......................................................................i. Rumah makan Budi Aga di Jalan Solo. 10. ......................................................................j. Rumah saya di Jalan Sumatra.
Latihan 4—Pilihan Ganda Look at the Universitas Widya Buana campus map and answer t he following questions. 1. Di mana gedung Auditorium? A. B. C. D. 2.
Di belakang toko roti Di depan mushola Di seberang Asrama Hamzah Di depan perpustakaan
Di mana toko roti? A. Di antara kantor pos dan Bank Mandiri B. Di belakang Pusat Mahasiswa C. Di dekat kantor pos, di seberang kantor administrasi D. Di dekat Pasar Baru
Lesson 14 3.
Apakah Asrama Hamzah jauh dari Fakultas Pertanian? A. Tidak jauh B. Ya, jauh sekali
4. Di mana Gedung Fakultas Ekonomi? A. Di antara Fakultas Sastra dan Auditorium B. Di samping mushola C. Di belakang asrama Hamzah Fansuri D. Di antara Asrama Hamzah dan Auditorium 5.
Apakah asrama Hamzah Fansuri jauh dari Hotel Loka Utama? A. Ya, jauh sekali B. Tidak jauh
6. Di mana kantor pos? A. Di belakang Bank Mandiri B. Di samping Gedung Fakultas Ekonomi C. Di belakang Fakultas Sastra D. Di dekat Biro Rektor 7. Apakah Fakultas Sastra di depan Kantin Mahasiswa? A. Tidak. Fakultas Sastra di samping Kantin Mahasiswa. B. Ya. Fakultas Sastra di depan Kantin Mahasiswa. 8. Di mana Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik? A. Di samping Fakultas Ekonomi B. Di dekat poliklinik C. Di belakang Asrama Hamzah D. Di antara Fakultas Hukum dan Biro Rektor 9.
Di mana mushola? A. Di dekat rumah Rektor B. Di depan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik C. Di samping Fakultas Pertanian D. Di depan Fakultas Hukum.
10. Di mana poliklinik? A. Di depan Bank Mandiri B. Di antara Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Bank Mandiri C. Di samping Gedung Olah Raga D. Di Jalan Sriwijaya, di dekat rumah Rektor
Latihan 5—Rangkai Kata Urutkan kata-kata berikut menjadi kalimat yang baik sesuai dengan arti: 1. “The bakery is behind my house.” Toko—di—rumah—roti—belakang—saya. 2.
“How do you get to the Literature Department building?” Kamu—Sastra—Fakultas—ke—gedung—naik—apa?
Lesson 14 3. “What is the name of the current US President?” Siapa—Presiden—Serikat—nama—Amerika—sekarang? 4. “Is the Faculty of Law in front of the market?” Apakah—Hukum—Fakultas—di—depan—pasar?
Latihan 6—Menyimak Listen to the ten questions in Sound File 014-02 and match them with the correct answer. Then listen to the recording once again and write down each of the eight questions. Make sure to check the key to the exercises. 1. Di mana Anda akan menginap?
a. Tidak, hotelnya kotor dan kecil
2. Apakah Hotel Banyu Biru bersih?
b. Saya mau belajar ekonomi.
3. Apakah Restoran Sederhana jauh dari sini? c. Saya suka ayam goreng dan nasi. 4. Apakah Anda mau makan ikan dengan nasi?
d. Saya akan naik mobil ke Bali.
5. Di mana Bank Mandiri?
e. Di belakang kantor pos, di dekat kantor polisi.
6. Anda akan naik apa ke Bali?
f. Ya, jauh.
7. Anda suka makan apa?
g. Mau.
8. Anda mau belajar apa?
h. Di Hotel Mercu Buana, di Jalan Jendral Sudirman.
Latihan 7—Teka Teki Silang Across (Mendatar): 1. centre 2. shop 4. person, man/woman 6. lecture 7. to go straight ahead, keep on going 9. usually 11. to study 13. university teacher, lecturer Down (Menurun): 1. the first 3. the second 5. university student 8. other side, place across 9. to make a (right or left) turn 10. university vice-chancellor/president 12. home, house
Lesson 15
15
Getting Orientated in Kupang
Aims To bring together and practise all the components of Module 1.
Kota Kupang Kupang is the capital of the province of Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara) abbreviated NTT . It is at the western tip of the island of Timor not far from the north coast of Australia. Type “Kupang, Indonesia” into Google Earth for an aerial view of the city. Study this map of Kupang and carefully read the information about places in the city before doing Exercise 15-01.
Tempat-Tempat di Kupang HOTEL
Hotel Susi
hotel yang murah, di dekat laut, tidak jauh dari pusat kota
Hotel Flobamor
hotel yang cukup mahal, jauh dari pusat kota, ada bir dan makanan
Hotel Pantai Timor
hotel yang murah sekali, kotor, restoran enak, di dekat laut
Hotel Orchid Garden
hotel baru, kamar-kamar bagus sekali, mahal sekali
Hotel Cendana
hotel besar, hotel lama, banyak kamar, tidak mahal (juga tidak murah), tidak jauh dari Kantor Bapak Gubernur
RUMAH MAKAN
Teddy’s Bar
banyak orang Australia suka makan dan minum di Teddy’s, bir dingin, di dekat laut, di pusat kota, makanan Eropa
Restoran Karang Mas
makanan Eropa, makanan Cina, di pusat kota, kurang bersih
Lesson 15 Restoran Hemaliki
bermacam-macam makanan, makanan Cina, makanan Indonesia, enak
Warung Lima Jaya
di dekat terminal angkot, makanan Cina, enak sekali, murah
Rumah Makan Bundo Kanduang
makanan Minangkabau (Sumatra), enak, murah, kurang bersih
Rumah Makan Mandarin
di dekat Universitas Nusa Cendana, makanan Cina, bersih, murah
TEMPAT-TEMPAT LAIN
Perpustakaan
di depan gereja Kristus Raja, gedung besar
Bank Dagang Negara
di samping gereja Kristus Raja, gedung baru, gedung besar
Terminal Angkot
di pusat kota, banyak angkot, bisa naik angkot ke banyak tempat di kota Kupang
Terminal Bus
jauh dari pusat kota, bisa ke sana naik angkot, dari terminal bus bisa naik bus ke Soe, Niki-Niki, Kefamenanu dan Atambua
Mesjid
di pusat kota, tidak jauh dari terminal angkot
Gereja Kristus Raja
di samping Bank Dagang Negara, di depan perpustakaan
Universitas Nusa Cendana kampus besar di Penfui jauh dari kota, kampus lama yang kecil di
Jalan Suharto, tidak jauh dari Pasar Inpres dan Hotel Cendana Toko Buku Suci
di Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, dekat Hotel Flobamor
Kantor Gubernur
di Jalan Raya El Tari, tidak jauh dari Hotel Cendana
Pasar Inpres
pasar yang besar sekali, ramai, di dekat kampus Universitas Nusa Cendana, tidak jauh dari kantor Gubernur, jauh dari pusat kota
Exercise 15-01 Refer to the map of Kupang and the information on places in Kupang ( Tempat-tempat di Kupang ), and to Google Earth images. Answer the following questions in complete, correct sentences. To help you answer some of the questions, use GPS coordinates to identify places on Google Earth’s (or Google maps) images of Kupang. 1.
Apakah Hotel Orchid Garden mahal atau murah?
2.
Di mana Gereja Kristus Raja? [GPS coordinates for Gereja Kristus Raja : 10°09’44.47”S 123°34’54.86”E]
3.
Apakah Pasar Inpres di pusat kota? [GPS coordinates for Pasar Inpres: 10°10’44.67”S 123°36’01.36”E]
4.
Di Kupang, di mana Anda akan makan?
5.
Di Restoran Bundo Kanduang Anda bisa makan apa?
6.
Apakah kamar-kamar di Hotel Orchid Garden kecil dan kotor? [GPS coordinates for Hotel Orchid Garden : 10°09’38.81”S 123°35’14.58”E]
7.
Di mana kampus Universitas Nusa Cendana? [GPS coordinates for Kampus Penfui : 10°09’22.15”S 123°39’54.95”E; for Kampus Kota: 10°10’57.76”S 123°36’04.23”E]
Lesson 15 8.
Apakah Perpustakaan di samping Hotel Pantai Timor? [GPS coordinates for Perpustakaan: 10°09’48.02”S 123°34’56.55”E; for Hotel Pantai Timor : 10°09’23.53”S 123°35’09.68”E] 9. Apakah gedung Bank Dagang Negara itu gedung baru dan besar, atau gedung lama dan kecil? [GPS coordinates for Bank Dagang Negara: 10°09’42.15”S 123°34’57.32”E] 10. Dari terminal angkot, Anda bisa naik angkot ke mana? [GPS coordinates for terminal angkot : 10°09’42.75”S 123°34’37.90”E]
Rambu di Jalan Raya Bahasa: Reduplication In the information on places above there is a sub-heading Tempat-Tempat Lain (Other Places). Reduplication of words is common in Indonesian. Reduplication has three main functions. (1) It can add emphasis, like the reduplication of “long” in the English phrase “It’s a long, long way”. Ia makan banyak-banyak . = “He ate a whole lot.” (2) It can make a notion “fuzzy” or “vague” or less precise. Berjalan means “to walk” but berjalan-jalan means “to go for a stroll”, “to wander about”. Hijau means “green” but kehijau-hijauan means “greenish”. (3) It can suggest variety or diversity, or many di fferent kinds/categories. This is the function the reduplication has in the phrase tempat-tempat lain, suggesting that there are many different and diverse places in Kupang. Some people think that reduplication in Indonesian expresses merely plurality (more than one). This may be true in some instances, but mostly it is not. And anyway, as the examples above show, reduplication can be found not just in nouns but also in verbs, adjectives and other parts of speech. Basically, Indonesian nouns can be either singular or plural (like the English word “sheep”). Plurality in nouns is usually inferred from context, or from the use of numbers and quantifier-words like banyak (many), semua (all) etc. If plurality is not clear from context, or if a noun is not preceded by a number or quantifier, then plurality can be expressed by reduplicating the
noun. In some cases, reduplicated words can have considerable di fferent (but nevertheless related) meanings compared to the unreduplicated word. Mata is ‘eye’, but mata-mata is ‘spy’. Other examples are: langit (sky) and langit-langit (ceiling), laki (husband) and laki-laki (male), gula (sugar) and gula-gula (sweets).
Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers You will learn the full set of numbers in Lesson 17. In Lesson 14, you already learned the word pertama (first, 1st ). This is the first ordinal number. All following ordinal numbers are regularly formed by using the prefix keCardinal Number
Ordinal Number
1 satu
pertama (first)
2 dua
kedua (second)
3 tiga
ketiga (third)
4 empat
keempat (fourth)
5 lima
kelima (fifth)
6 enam
keenam (sixth)
Lesson 15
Role Play “Arriving in an Indonesian Town” The time has now come to bring together all the vocabulary, sentences and topics studied in Module 1. With your teacher/tutor, or with members of your class, act out the arrival of a visitor in a strange town. If there are a large number of students in the class, you can divide into a number of smallish groups, but it is also fun (and has a remotely “authentic” Indonesian feel) if one student acts the role of visitor and is surrounded by the whole class acting as a helpful crowd of locals. If you have mastered the material in Module 1 (Lessons 1-15) you have all the Indonesian language resources (albeit at a basic level) to do the following: • • • • •
Make contact (greet people, introduce yourself, say where you come from) Ask about accommodation/hotel, shops, market, offices, bus terminal etc. (where is it? is it far? what is it like .... big? clean? expensive? etc.) Ask how to get there (by what mode of transport?) Ask about food, drink and restaurants, what you like and don’t like Accept or politely parry invitations to eat/drink or go somewhere
Feel free to mix up the order of these components and personalise the conversation. Don’t worry if the dialogue gets “ragged”. Keep it going at all costs... don’t let it die.
Latihan 1—Kosa Kata Lalu Jodohkan kalimat-kalimat di sebelah kiri dengan terjemahannya di sebelah kanan.—Match the sentences on the left to their translations on the right.
1. Makanan ini enak.
a. The market near my house is dirty
2. Hotel itu cukup mahal
b. This food is delicious.
3. Gereja tidak jauh dari pusat kota
c. There are a lot of mini buses in front of the library.
4. Pasar dekat rumah saya kotor.
d. That hotel is a bit expensive
5. Hotel ini punya banyak kamar.
e. That restaurant isn’t expensive.
6. Rumah makan itu tidak mahal.
f. The bookstore near the bus terminal is a good size.
7. Restoran ini menjual bermacammacam makanan.
g. The church is not far from the city centre.
8. Banyak orang di pasar hari ini.
h. This hotel has a lot of rooms.
9. Toko buku di dekat terminal cukup besar.
i. This restaurant sells many kinds of food.
10. Banyak angkot di depan perpustakaan.
j. There are many people at the market today.
Lesson 15
Latihan 2—Menyimak Listen to Sound File 015-01 and complete the questions with the appropriate ending.
1.
a. menjual makanan enak dan murah?
2.
b. banyak kamar?
3.
c. Medan?
4.
d. punya banyak mahasiswa?
5.
e. nama kamu?
6.
f. ayam goreng dan telur?
7.
g. angkot dari pasar?
8.
h. bir di Teddy’s?
Latihan 3—Menyimak Referring to the text “Tempat-Tempat di Kupang”, answer the following questions:
1. Where can you stay if you feel like swimming? A. Hotel Susi and Hotel Flobamor B. Hotel Candana and Hotel Orchid Garden C. Hotel Susi and Hotel Pantai Timor 2. Hotel Flobamor is in the centre of the city. A. True B. False 3. The food at Hotel Pantai Timor is inexpensive and delicious. A. True B. False 4. Where can you find some Indonesian food? A. Rumah Makan Bundo Kanduang B. Restoran Karang Mas C. Warung Lima Jaya 5. Where is the library located? A. beside the Church of Kristus Raja B. behind the Church of Kristus Raja C. in front of the Church of Kristus Raja 6. Where can you go if you want to buy some books? A. Toko Buku Suci B. Kantor Gubernur C. Perpustakaan 7. Where can you go if they feel like buying some fresh vegetables? A. Pasar Inpres B. Restoran Hemaliki C. Hotel Orchid Garden
Lesson 15
Latihan 4—Tempat-tempat di Kupang (1) Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat: banyak—baru—besar—dekat—kota
—kotor—laut—mahal—makanan—murah Ada lima hotel di Kupang. Yang pertama, Hotel Susi. Hotel (cheap) ini di dekat (sea) dan tidak jauh dari pusat (city). Kedua, Hotel Flobamor. Hotel ini cukup (expensive) jauh dari pusat kota, dan menjual bir dan (food). Ketiga, Hotel Pantai Timor. Hotel yang murah dan (dirty) sekali. Restorannya enak dan di (near) laut. Keempat, Hotel Orchid Garden. Hotel (new) ini punya (many) kamar-kamar yang bagus dan mahal sekali. Kelima, Hotel Cendana. Hotel ini (big) dan lama. Hotel ini tidak mahal dan tidak jauh dari Kantor Gubernur.
Latihan 5—Tempat-tempat di Kupang (2) Lengkapi teks berikut dengan memilih kata yang tepat: banyak—bermacam-macam—bersih
—dekat—enak—Eropa—pusat kota—makanan—menjual—minum—murah—tempat Ada enam (places) makan besar di Kupang: Teddy’s Bar, Restoran Karang Mas, Restoran Hemaliki, Warung Lima Jaya, Rumah Makan Bundo Kanduang dan Rumah Makan Mandarin. Pertama, Teddy’s Bar. Di sini (many) orang Australia yang suka makan dan (drink) bir dingin. Bar ini di dekat laut dan di (city centre) dan menjual makanan (European). Kedua, Restoran Karang Mas yang menjual (food) Eropa dan makanan Cina. Ka-
rang Mas di pusat kota dan kurang bersih. Ketiga, Restoran Hemaliki menjual (various kinds) makanan: makanan Cina dan makanan Indonesia yang cukup (delicious). Keem-
pat, Warung Lima Jaya di (near) terminal angkot menjual makanan Cina yang enak sekali dan murah. Kelima, Rumah Makan Bundo Kanduang menjual makanan Minangkabau yang enak dan (inexpensive). Restoran ini kurang (clean). Keenam, Rumah Makan Mandarin di dekat Universitas Nusa Cendana (sell) makanan Cina yang bersih dan murah.
Latihan 6—Rangkai Kata Urutkanlah kata-kata di bawah ini sesuai dengan artinya :
1. “What can you eat at Bundo Kanduang Restaurant?” Di—bisa—Restoran Bundo Kanduang,—Anda—makan—apa?
Lesson 15 2. “Is the Orchid Garden Hotel expensive or cheap?” Apakah—Hotel Orchid Garden—atau—mahal—murah? 3. “Where is the cheap hotel?” Di—mana—yang—hotel—murah? 4. “Is the library across from the Pantai Timor Hotel?” Apakah—Hotel—di—seberang—perpustakaan—Pantai Timor? 5. “Hemaliki Restaurant is (located) between the bus terminal and the mosque.” Restoran—dan—bus—Hemaliki—antara—terminal—di—mesjid.
Latihan 7—Teka Teki Silang (TTS) Across (Mendatar): 3. nearby, close 6. food 8. church 9. market 12. far 13. old, outdated, superseded 14. place Down (Menurun): 1. to sit 2. the centre 4. a room, a bedroom 5. a lot(of), many, much 6. a university student 7. Europe 10. the sea 11. other
Lesson 15
Selamat!! Congratulations for having successfully completed Module 1. In this first out of a total of eight modules, you have already learned 250 new words. When you have finished all eight modules, you will have learned
approximately 2,000 words. There are many ways to build your vocabulary. One of the most effective ways to learn new, and maintain previously learned vocabulary is by using specialised computer programs. The best vocabulary learning programs are those employing a spaced repetition system (SRS). Spaced repetition is a learning technique that incorporates increasing intervals of time between subsequent review of previously learned material. SRS is a presentation method that gives you the information before you would forget it and makes sure that it stays constantly fresh in your mind. So, you might see a word a few minutes after the first time, then
a few days later, then a few weeks later etc. always at the time you need to see it most to make sure it is constantly fresh in your mind. It’s a more complex version of the flashcard system where you have a word on one side of a card and its
translation on the other. You look at the word, test yourself to see if you know it and turn over the card to see the translation. The best thing with SRS is that it keeps track of your learning and only tests the items that you haven’t yet memorised. And you can use it wherever you are: in the bus, waiting in a line, etc. There are many spaced repetition programs available, but the one that we found particularly useful is Anki. Anki is not only open source but also available for most common operating systems and can be downloaded for free (there is a small fee for Android and iOS versions) After having downloaded the software, you should download the TIW Anki flashcard file for Module 1 (search the Internet for “TIW Anki flashcard download”).
Support Us “The Indonesian Way” is free and will always remain free. In order to further develop TIW, we are dependent on the support of the user community. Our plans for the future encompass: 1) Developing iOS and Android applications 2) Replacing the online “Latihan” using technology that is not dependent on Flash. 3) Adding another Module consisting of 12 more lessons This can only be accomplished with your assistance. If, after completing each Module, all our users would donate $5 or $10, our goal could be accomplished in a short time. To make a donation please go to http://ipll.manoa.hawaii.edu/tiw/tiw/donations/ Terima Kasih, Thank You, Mahalo
Introduction
History “The Indonesian Way” was, over the course of many years, originally composed by Dr. George Quinn from the Australian National University. Between 2009 and 2012 the original materials were thoroughly reworked by a team under the supervision of Dr. Uli Kozok from the University of Hawai‘i. Several lessons were added and the existing materials were rearranged, thoroughly revised, and supplemented with over one thousand interactive exercises, several hundred sound files (of which 187 were selected for the pdf print version), almost 2000 digital vocabulary flash cards,113 lesson plans with teacher notes, 196 student handouts, 51 slide shows, hundreds of images, and 3 short video clips.
Acknowledgements The materials were developed during two workshops held in Yogyakarta in July 2010 and in Auckland between May and August 2011, and also during the academic years 2009-2014 at the University of Hawai‘i. The following individuals, most of them former Fulbright IIE Foreign Language Teaching Assistants (FLTA) at the University of Hawai‘i, need to be acknowledged: Christela Cindy (2009-10 FLTA who also attended both workshops in 2010 and 2011), Helen Ri ana Agnesia and Riza Lestari (2007/08 FLTA who also attended the 2010 workshop), Hesti Ratna Hapsari (2005/06 FLTA who also attended 2011 workshop), Nelly Martin (2006/07 FLTA who also attended 2010 workshop), Vika Fitrianasari (2010/11 FLTA), Cahayani Agustiningrum (2011/12 FLTA), Arum Hadi Mulyono (2012/13 FLTA), and Yuni Hariyanti (2013/14 FLTA). The teacher notes were developed by the foreign language methodologist Maren Behrend (Auckland). Too many individuals to be acknowledged individually lent their voices for the several hundred sound files that were recorded between 2009 and 2012, but the most prominent voices are that of Vika Fitriansari, Hesti Ratna Hapsari and Yuni Hariyanti. Most of the illustrations were drawn by the skilled staff of Sebikom in Yogyakarta, and also by Dina Tania from Jakarta. The material development was made possible by a grant received from the Department of Education, International Research and Studies Program No. P017A090375-10. The development of the print version was made possible by a grant received from the University of Tasmania. Kudos to Stephen Miller from the Asian Languages and Studies Programme of the University of Tasmania for facilitating the grant.
For Students “The Indonesian Way” consists of 113 lessons divided into 8 thematic modules. Each lesson is designed for one classroom hour. You will need approximately 1 ½-3 hours to complete one lesson. The textbook is designed for beginners. You don’t need to have any knowledge of the language. If you are enrolled in an Indonesian language class, do not expect that the lessons contained in this textbook will be “covered” in class. They will not. Your teacher will use di fferent materials specifically designed for in-class use. You are expected to complete each lesson at home before you come to class. It is the responsibility of each student to carefully read every lesson in preparation for your class. This includes reading all the instructions, explanations, dialogues, and reading texts. You also need to listen to the sound files, practice vocabulary using the flashcards, (either the online or the Anki flashcards) and doing all accompanying exercises ( Latihan ) that complement the lessons and are an essential part of “The Indonesian Way”. Vocabulary Learning Vocabulary is taught in context through the various exercises, but we also provide electronic flashcards. You can either use the flashcards that come with the online version of this book or you go to quizlet.com and search for “The Indonesian Way”. We also use a very sophisticated vocabulary learning program based on spaced repetition which you should start using once you have completed the first module. Go to “The Indonesian Way” homepage and look for the link to Anki.
Learning Outcomes The Indonesian Way is a beginner’s textbook for the Indonesian language intended to raise the student’s language skills from the novice level (no knowledge of Indonesian at all) to CERF (Com mon European Framework of Reference for Languages) Level B1. A speaker of B1 is expected to be able to perform the following skills: Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. Can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. Can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes & ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans. The CERF B1 level is equivalent to Intermediate Mid/High on the ACTFL scale.
Self Instruction The Indonesian Way, although predominantly designed for in-class use, is also suitable for self-instruction. We recommend that you look for a native speaker as a tutor, either locally or online, for instance through http://www.italki.com, or through http://indonesian-online.com. The tutor does not have to be an experienced language teacher as long as she follows the instructions in the Teacher Notes, which are available for download at http://indonesian-online.com. The
teacher notes are stored within the “guru” folder, which also contains a large number of worksheets, additional sound files, slide shows, picture cards, and many more items intended for inclass use. We strongly recommend, that students using The Indonesian Way should enrol in the Indonesian Online Program at the University of Hawaii ( www.ipll.hawaii.edu/indonesian ). Students can start with Indonesian 103 which is the beginner's course, and continue to IND104, and IND 203. These are dedicated online courses in which the students are given the opportunity to develop speaking skills through the Web Audio Utility (WAU). Registered students also benefit from stu dent-to-student interactions through our Discussion Forum, they have their homework corrected and returned, are tested on a regular basis (once a week), and have a professional instructor available to answer individual questions either by email or telephone. Enrolling into Indonesian 103 is relatively inexpensive as the University of Hawaii only charges in-state tuition for online classes. You can enrol through UHM Outreach College.
For Teachers You can adopt “The Indonesian Way” as a textbook for beginning to intermediate learners.Use of the textbook and accompanying material is free of charge. However, we recommend that your students should use this book to study at home. For each lesson of “The Indonesian Way” we have developed elaborate lesson plans with ample of materials to be used in class. The materials can be downloaded at http://indonesian-online.com
Support If you feel you have benefited from using The Indonesian Way and would like to show your ap preciation then you can make a financial contribution to support the further development of The Indonesian Way. Your help is very welcome. Donations make a huge di fference to us in maintaining the quality and consistency of our materials. Donations help us cover the ongoing cost of IT development, editing, and further development of The Indonesian Way. To make a donation please go to http://ulikozok.com/support/ .
Wordlist
Wordlist for Module 1
The smiley face indicates words that are part of the colloquial speech. Please note that these words are frequently used in casual speech, but never in formal speech or in writing. J
é The Indonesian spelling system is to a large extent phonetic. Words are pronounced as they are written and each grapheme (letter) by and large represents one phoneme (sound). Only the letter /e/ represents two di fferent sounds: In most words (such as kenal, selamat, terima ) the e stands for what linguists call the schwa. The schwa is the vowel sound in many lightly pronounced unaccented syllables in words of more than one syllable. It is sometimes signified by the
pronunciation “uh” or symbolised by an upside-down rotated e. In English the schwa sound can be represented by any vowel letter. In most dialects, for example, the schwa sound is found in the following words: The /a/ is schwa in adept; the /e/ is schwa in synthesis; the /i/ is schwa in decimal; the /o/ is schwa in harmony; the /u/ is schwa in medium, and the /y/ is schwa in syringe. In Indonesian the schwa is indicated by one letter only: /e/. However, the letter /e/ is also used to represent an accentuated e-sound. Some English words of French origin mark this sound with an accent: résumé, sauté. When the letter /e/ is pronounced as the é in sauté, then it is indicated by an accentuated /e/: é. Note that the accent is only used as an aid in this wordlist. You will not find it in texts written in Indonesian. Soré is always written sore. Many Indonesian words have affixes in the form of prefixes, su ffixes, or circumfixes at tached to the root word. When a word contains an affix, the root word is given in parentheses preceded by a dot, e.g. “( •kenal)”. •
Lesson 01 Anda apa apa kabar? baik-baik saja biasa Bu duduk kenalkan ( •kenal) makan malam masuk minum nama pagi; selamat pagi
you what how are you?
fine/good (when answering the question “How are you?”)
usual, ordinary, normal Ma'am, Mrs. to sit, to sit down this is... (when you are introducing someone); allow me to introduce... to eat night, good night to go in, to come in, to enter to drink (someone’s) name; the name (of something) morning, good morning
Wordlist Pak saya saja selamat siapa siang; selamat siang silakan soré; selamat sore terima kasih
Sir, Mr. I, me just, only safe from trouble; Also: congratulations! who; Also: “what” in the sentence “What is your name?” afternoon, late morning to mid afternoon; Good day please (go ahead and...) late afternoon, late afternoon to early evening; Good afternoon thank you
Lesson 02 Amérika Serikat Arab Saudi Belanda berasal ( •asal); Anda berasal dari
mana?
Cina dan dari dari mana dari sini Filipina Inggris ini Italia jauh Jepang Jérman maaf Mesir O begitu Perancis Rusia Selandia Baru Singapura saya kira tidak Yunani
The United States of America Saudi Arabia The Netherlands, Holland to originally come (from), to originate (from); Where do you come from?
China and from from where from here The Philippines English, Britain this Italy a long way away, distant Japan Germany sorry, I apologise Egypt I see, I understand France Russia New Zealand Singapore I thought (that ...), I was under the impression no, not (negating a verb, adjective or preposition.) Greece
Lesson 03 Bu
Mrs., madam (a title & term of address)
Wordlist gedung geréja kantor ke mana; Mau ke mana? mau mari mesjid pabrik Pak pasar réstoran rumah rumah sakit sakit sekolah toko
a building a church an office to where; Where are you going? to want (to do something), to want (something) good bye (also: masjid ) a mosque a factory Mr., Sir (a title & term of address) a market a restaurant a house a hospital sick, ill a school a shop
Lesson 04 air akan
water will, going to (the word that marks an event that will happen in the future) I, me (informal when talking to close friends, spouse, etc.) The word that begins a sentence/clause when you want to ask a “yes/no” question Are you from Bali? a chicken, chicken (meat) can, able to meat can, able to at, in, on
aku apakah; Informally simply: apa
J
ayam bisa daging dapat di ikan kamu
fish
J
you (informal when talking to small children, close friends, spouse, etc.) want (to), wish (to) (informal); also: péngén, pengin & kepéngin coffee rice (cooked, ready to eat) no, not (informal) a banana bread, a loaf of bread. Also often: a bun, a biscuit, a bread roll restaurant to like (someone or something), to like (doing something) milk tofu, soybean curd
kepingin kopi nasi nggak pisang roti rumah makan suka susu tahu
J
J
Wordlist téh témpé telur tinggal
tea tempeh (fermented soybean product) an egg to live (in a certain place), to stay, to remain
Lesson 05 air jeruk atau ayam goréng bioskop bir buah coklat di sana durian hotel juga kantor pos kentang mal nasi goréng pasar swalayan términal bus tetapi universitas warnét warung
orange juice or fried chicken cinema, movie theatre beer fruit chocolate, brown in colour there, over there durian (a large, egg-shaped, green fruit with a hard, spiky skin and a strong odour) a hotel also post office potato a shopping mall fried rice a supermarket bus terminal but university an internet cafe (from war ung inte rnet ) a small streetside eatery, a small footpath shop or stall
Lesson 06 administrasi; gedung administrasi bank buku; toko buku di antara di dekat di depan di belakang di mana di samping kampus; kampus universitas kota
administration; the administration building
a bank (i.e. a financial institution)
a book; a book shop between, among near in front of (sometimes opposite) behind, at the rear of, in back of where at beside, side-by-side (with), next to, in addition to a/the campus; a/the university campus a city, a town
Wordlist jalan imigrasi; kantor imigrasi nasional; Universitas Nasional pemerintah ( •perintah); kantor
a street, a road immigration, the immigration offi ce national; The National University the government; a government offi ce
a library; the central library
the police, a police officer; a/the police station the centre
pemerintah
perpustakaan ( •pustaka); perpustakaan pusat
polisi; kantor polisi pusat
Lesson 07 ada dekat; dekat sini -mu; rumahmu -ku; kantorku tahu; saya tidak tahu tau; aku nggak tau itu; saya minta itu iya
J J J
there is, there are nearby, close by; near here your (informal); your house my (informal); my offi ce to know; I don’t know to know; I don’t know (informal for tahu ) that; please give me that yes (emphatic)
Lesson 8 angkot bécak bémo berjalan ( • jalan); berjalan kaki bus bis datang dari sana
di sini sini! dokar harus kaki kapal katanya ke sini ke sana; sana!
kembali keréta api
J
short for ang kutan kot a, city transport, usually a mini bus a three-wheeled pedicab a three-wheeled taxicab to go, to move forward, to walk a bus a bus to come (from) there (suggesting movement away from a place far from the speaker or listener) here Here, Come here! (suggesting movement towards the speaker) a horse-drawn two-wheeled gig must, have to a leg, foot a ship I heard that..., they say..., people say that... (to) here (suggesting movement towards the speaker) (to) there (suggesting movement towards a place far from the speaker or listener); Off you go! to go back, to come back, to return a train
Wordlist mobil naik; naik mobil
pergi pesawat terbang sepéda sepéda motor taksi
a car by (when talking about a mode of transport), to get aboard, to go upwards, to ascend; by car to go an aeroplane a bicycle a motorbike a taxi
Lesson 09 bagus baru bersih buah-buahan besar cepat énak indah jagung kecil kosong kotor mahal makanan ( •makan) manis menyenangkan ( •senang) minuman ( •minum) murah penuh ramai
excellent, impressive, great, terrific, really good
new clean fruits; many and varied fruits big fast, quick good (to eat), tasty, delicious
beautiful; fine; lovely; precious; picturesque; scenic
corn, maize small empty dirty expensive food sweet pleasant, nice, enjoyable a drink cheap, inexpensive full crowded, full of people, bustling, noisy
Lesson 10 bagaimana belajar ( •ajar); Saya belajar bahasa
how? what is ... like? to study, to study/learn something; I learn Indonesian
Indonesia
cukup; cukup baik sekali; murah sekali
quite, pretty (adverb); quite good, pretty good very; very cheap
Lesson 11 biasanya bukan; Itu bukan kantor saya.
usually no, not (when negating a noun); That’s not my o ffice.
Wordlist dingin jelék kurang lambat orang negara negeri Belanda pahit panas pedas yang
cold ugly, bad, of poor quality/workmanship less, not so much, not enough, not ____ enough, not really ____ slow a person, a man/ a woman a country The Netherlands bitter hot; very warm spicy (“hot”) which, who (when used as relative pronouns, not questionwords), that (relative pronoun)
Lesson 12 Apakah Anda mau? baik dengan goréng; ikan goreng jawaban ( • jawab) minta; saya minta pertanyaan ( •tanya) rambutan ( •rambut) satai sama traktir wah!
Would you like (something)? Would you like to (do something)? Do you want to...?
good, fine, very well (indicating understanding of, and
J
agreement with, what has been said to you) together with fried; fried fish an answer to ask for something, to request; Would you please give me... a question rambutan (a fruit), (a small, round reddish fruit with hair-like growth on its skin) satay, kebabs (meat roasted on skewers); also saté with, together with (in informal usage) to pay for someone, to “shout” someone oh! (an exclamation of surprise, admiration etc.)
Lesson 13 berjalan-jalan ( • jalan); informally:
to go for a walk/stroll, to wander about, to travel around
what about (doing something), what if (I/we/you do something) language Indonesian (i.e. the national language of Indonesia), to study
jalan-jalan
bagaimana kalau bahasa bahasa Indonesia; belajar bahasa
Indonesia
baiklah boléh kalau keluar nanti; nanti malam
Indonesian
okay, fine, very well
may, can. In reply to a question: Sure! No problem! Great! if to go out, to come out, to emerge, to exit shortly, presently, a little later; tonight, later tonight
Wordlist tidak apa-apa Lesson 14 asrama bahasa Inggris bahasa Cina bapak; Bapak Presiden
bélok; belok kanan, belok kiri dosén fakultas ilmu ilmu bumi ilmu ékonomi ilmu kimia ilmu politik informasi kuliah; Dia kuliah di Universitas
that’s fine, no problem, no worries
Indonesia; Maaf, saya harus kuliah nanti.
a dormitory, a hall of residence English (the language) Chinese (the language); also: bahasa Tionghoa a father, Mr (followed by a surname), a respectful title for male office-holders; Mr President bend, curve, turn; (to make ) a right turn; (to make ) a left turn university lecturer, professor a faculty a science, esoteric knowledge geography; also: geografi economics chemistry politics information a lecture (in a university course); to study at a university; to attend a lecture; to go to a lecture; She is studying at the University of Indonesia; Sorry, I’ve got to go to a lecture shortly.
ruang kuliah mahasiswa matématika numpang tanya pertama réktor
a lecture theatre a university student mathematics May I ask you a question?
the first
the chief executive of a university, a vice-chancellor, the president of a university literature other side, place across (the street, river etc)
sastra seberang studi; fakultas studi Asia
the study (of something), studies (in a certain field); The Faculty of Asian Studies
terus ; belajar terus
continue, go on, go straight ahead, keep on going; to keep on
learning
toko buku toko roti
a book shop a bread shop, a pastry shop, a bakery
Lesson 15 banyak bermacam-macam ( •macam) cukup Éropa kamar lain
a lot (of), many, much all sorts (of), various (kinds of), many di fferent ... enough Europe a room (especially a room in a house or hotel), a bedroom other
Wordlist lama
laut tempat
old (in the sense: of a prior/previous/former time), outdated, superseded the sea a place, room (i.e. space to put something)
Keys to the Exercises
Keys to the Exercises for Module 1
Lesson 1 Latihan 1: Latihan 2: Latihan 3: Latihan 4: Latihan 5: Latihan 6: Latihan 7:
1 sore; kabar; saja. 2 apa kabar?; biasa. 1 selamat malam; 2 selamat sore; 3 selamat siang; 4 selamat pagi. 1 terima kasih; 2 silakan minum; 3 apa kabar; 4 baik-baik saja; 5 selamat siang; 6 Denpasar; 7 Semarang; 8 Jakarta; 9 Bandung; 10 Surabaya; 11 Ende; 12 Surakarta. selamat sore; selamat pagi; selamat siang/sore; selamat pagi; selamat malam 1b; 2e; 3d; 4f; 5a; 6g; 7h; 8c. 1d; 2a; 3b; 4c Across: 2 saya; 3 biasa; 5 siapa; 7 masuk; 8 siang; 10 malam; 11 kenalkan. Down: 1 nama; 2 saja; 4 duduk; 5 silakan; 6 pagi; 7 minum; 8 sore; 9 baik.
Lesson 2 Latihan 1: Latihan 2: Latihan 3: Latihan 4: Latihan 5: Latihan 6: Latihan 7: Latihan 8:
1h; 2e; 3f; 4g; 5c; 6a; 7b; 8d. 1 three; 2 baik; apa kabar; dari mana; jauh; terima kasih. 3 good morning; 4 Nur; 5 what is your name? 6 where are you from? 7 Lombok; 8 yes; 9 no. 1n; 2h; 3j; 4i; 5k; 6f; 7a; 8e; 9g; 10b; 11d; 12c; 13l; 14o; 15m. 1 Jerman; 2 Jepang; 3 Rusia; 4 Inggris; 5 Cina; 6 Singapura; 7 Selandia Baru. 1b; 2e; 3a; 4c; 5d. 1f; 2d; 3e; 4c; 5b; 6a. 1 Kenalkan. dari; 2 berasal; 3 Mesir; 4 tidak; saya; 5 kira. Across: 1 Prancis; 4 Mesir; 6 Belanda; 7 jauh; 9 Yunani; 11 kenalkan. Down: 2 nama; 3 pagi; 5 siapa; 7 biasa; 8 duduk; 10 maaf.
Lesson 3 Latihan 2: Latihan 4: Latihan 5: Latihan 6:
1a; 2b; 3a; 4b; 5b; 6c; 7c. 1 Saya kira Anda dari kantor. 2 Saya kira Anda duduk di restoran. 3 Saya mau ke sekolah. 4 Selamat pagi, mau ke mana? 5 Ibu saya mau ke pasar. 1g; 2d; 3h; 4f; 5b; 6i; 7e; 8j; 9c; 10a. Across: 1 sore; 3 pabrik; 6 gereja; 7 pasar; 11 gedung; 12 malam; 13 toko; 14 rumah. Down: 1. siang; 2 restoran; 4 Anda; 5 mesjid; 8 sekolah; 9 pagi; 10 kantor.
Lesson 4 Latihan 2: Latihan 4: Latihan 5: Latihan 6: Latihan 7: Latihan 8: Latihan 9:
1 kamu; 2 nggak; 3 makasih; 4 aku; 5 kepingin; 6 apa 1 Apakah Anda suka makan daging? 2 Saya tidak suka makan daging. 3 Apakah Anda suka minum bir di Rumah Makan Pak Kumis? 4 Apakah kamu suka makan ikan dan tahu? 1b; 2a; 3d; 4j; 5g; 6e; 7c; 8h; 9f; 10i. makanan= roti; pisang; nasi; ikan; daging; telur. Minuman= air; susu; kopi. daging; nasi; telur; susu; teh; ikan; air; roti; kopi; pisang. air; roti; teh; pisang; nasi; ikan; daging; susu; kopi; telur. Across: 2. pisang; 4. duduk; 6. gereja; 7. pasar; 8. mau; 10. telur; 11. makan; 13. akan; 14. kantor; 15. rumah. Down: 1. tinggal; 3. sekolah; 4. dapat; 5. di; 7. pabrik; 9. saya; 10. toko; 11. minum; 12. kopi.
Lesson 5 Latihan 2: Latihan 3: Latihan 4:
1k; 2h; 3d; 4o; 5g; 6j; 7a; 8c; 9b; 10e; 11i; 12f; 13l; 14m; 15n. 1c; 2b; 3d; 4 yes (ya; suka); 5b; 6b. aku; nggak; kamu; gitu; tapi.
Keys to the Exercises Latihan 7: Latihan 8: Latihan 9:
Latihan 10:
Latihan 11:
suka; atau; warung; kopi; juga; goreng; di sana. 1c; 2f; 3a; 4b; 5d; 6e. 1 Apakah Anda suka makan nasi atau kentang? 2 Apakah Anda mau tinggal di Prancis atau di Jerman? 3. Apakah Anda akan pergi ke warung atau ke mal? 4 Apa kamu suka kopi atau teh? 5 Apa kamu mau ke rumah sakit atau ke hotel ayam-chicken; daging-meat; telur-egg; tahu-tofu; roti-bread; kentang-potatoe; ikan-fish; nasi-cooked rice; pisang-banana; coklat-chocolate; buah-buahan-fruits; air-water; bir-beer; kopi-co ffee; air jerukorange juice; susu-milk; teh-tea; nasi goreng-fried rice. gedung=building; gereja=church; kantor=o ffice; mesjid=mosque; pabrik=factory; pasar=market; restoran=restaurant; rumah=house; sekolah=school; warung=eatery; bioskop=cinema; hotel=hotel; kantor pos; post office; pasar swalayan=supermarket; rumah sakit=hospital; terminal bus=bus terminal; toko=shop; universitas=university; warnet=Internet café
Lesson 6 Latihan 2: Latihan 3: Latihan 4: Latihan 5: Latihan 6: Latihan 7: Latihan 8:
Latihan 9: Latihan 10: Latihan 11:
1cd; 2a; 3a. 4b; 5b. bagus; pisang; juga; duduk; kopi; goreng; pemerintah; coklat. 1e; 2a; 3a; 4b; 5a 1i; 2ia; 3e; 4g; 5b; 6d 7df 8c 9h 1h; 2c; 3i; 4d; 5e; 6a; 7g; 8f; 9j; 10b toko Sarinah; Jalan Merdeka; daging ayam; toko buku Fajar; kantor imigrasi; Hotel Cendana; pasar Kliwon; kentang goreng 1 Asrama Hamzah di depan toko roti. 2 Bank Mandiri di antara toko buku dan sekolah. 3 Apakah Toko Buku Gramedia jauh dari pusat kota? 4 Toko Matahari di dekat Kampus Universitas Andalas. 5 Apakah Anda bisa pergi ke kantor imigrasi? 1a; 2b; 3c; 4a; 5d 1h; 2c; 3g; 4f; 5b; 6a; 7d; 8e. Across: 1 daging; 3 apakah; 6 sekarang; 7 samping; 9 bank; 12 universitas; 13 coklat; 15 pasar; 16 jauh; 17 gedung. Down: 1 dekat; 2 gereja; 4 pergi; 5 depan; 8 pabrik; 9 belakang; 10 kantor; 11 mesjid; 14 ayam.
Lesson 7 Latihan 2: Latihan 3: Latihan 4: Latihan 5: Latihan 6: Latihan 7: Latihan 8: Latihan 9: Latihan 10: Latihan 11:
1E Ini rumah siapa?; 2D Itu nasi siapa?; 3C Ini kantor siapa?; 4A Itu roti siapa?; 5F Ini buku siapa?; 6B Ini toko siapa? 1 rumah saya; 2. buku Anda; 3 jalan saya; 4 kantor Pak Karyo; 5 restoran ibu; 6 ini rumah saya; 7 itu nasi dia; 8 ini kantor bapak; 9 itu roti Anda; 10 ini buku saya; 11 itu toko orang tua saya. your office‐kantormu; your house‐rumahmu; my bread‐rotiku; your beer‐birmu; my shop‐tokoku; my book‐bukuku; my chicken‐ayamku; your school‐sekolahmu 1; 2a; 3c; 4c; 5b. jauh; pusat; perpustakaan; gedung; dari; juga; dekat; swalayan 1b; 2b; 3a; 4b; 5c Ini warung Bu Prapti; Itu sekolah saya; Itu buku kamu. / Itu bukumu; Itu durian Anda 1 jauh; 2 tidak jauh; 3 jauh; 4 tidak jauh; 5 jauh; 6 jauh 1 Apakah gedung administrasi jauh dari perpustakaan? 2 Apakah kampus universitas jauh dari sini? 3 Apakah kota New York jauh dari sini? Across: 2 pusat; 4 perpustakaan; 7 restoran; 9 siapa; 10 roti; 13 buku; 14 kampus; 15 jalan; 16 gedung. Down: 1 jauh; 3 apakah; 4 pemerintah; 5 kantor; 6 kota; 8 nggak; 11 toko; 12 mesjid [or masjid]
Lesson 8 Ex. 08-01: Latihan 2: Latihan 3: Latihan 4: Latihan 5: Latihan 6: Latihan 7:
1c; 2a; 3b; 4d; 5b; 6a; 7a; 8d; 9b; 10b. 2a; 3h; 4d; 5f; 6c; 7e; 8e. 1 naik kereta api; 2 naik dokar; 3 naik bus; 4 naik taksi; 5 naik sepeda motor; 6 naik pesawat terbang atau kapal; 7 naik sepeda; 8 naik mobil bemo; bus; mobil; pesawat terbang; taksi; kapal; becak; sepeda motor; dokar; kereta api. 1 Anda datang ke Jakarta naik apa?; 2 Anda ke Atambua naik apa?; 3 Anda akan pergi ke Shanghai naik apa?; 4 Saya naik sepeda ke sekolah. Sini!–Come here!; Sana!–Off you go!; ke sini–towards here; di sini–here; dari sini–from here; ke sana– towards there; di sana–there; dari sana–from there Across: 2 katanya; 4 mobil; 5 sana; 6 taksi; 10 bus; 12 pergi; 13 minum; 15 kaki; 16 nasi; 18 kapal; 19 tinggal; 20 datang. Down: 1 harus; 2 kembali; 3 bisa; 7 sini; 8 becak; 9 bemo; 10 berjalan; 11 sepeda; 14
Keys to the Exercises naik; 17 akan
Lesson 9 Latihan 1:
Latihan 2: Latihan 3: Latihan 4: Latihan 5: Latihan 6:
Latihan 7: Latihan 8:
Latihan 9: Latihan 10:
1i Apa ini? 2h Apa itu? 3a Anda suka ini atau itu? 4g Ini enak; itu tidak enak. 5j Jagung ini enak. 6d Rumah makan itu bersih.7e Bus ini penuh. 8c Pasar itu ramai. 9f Jagung ini tidak enak. 10b Bus ini tidak penuh. besar-kecil; mahal-murah; bersih-kotor; jauh-dekat; kosong-penuh 1 bersih; 2 besar; 3 bagus; 4 enak; 5 manis; 6 cepat; 7 murah. 1 suka; 2 tidak suka; 3 tidak mau; 4 mau; 5 bisa; 6 tidak bisa kecil; mahal; enak; ikan goreng; restoran; ramai; cepat. 2. Apakah hotel Sangrila kecil? 3. Apakah Anda suka minum susu? 4. Apakah Johannesburg jauh dari Sydney? 5 Apakah Pasar Minggu ramai? 6. Apakah Anda bisa makan makanan Indonesia? 7 Apakah pabrik mobil itu besar dan kotor? 8 Apakah gedung perpustakaan kota itu baru? 9 Apakah toko Sogo menyenangkan? 10 Apakah kota Paris indah? 1d; 2b; 3c; 4b; 5c; 6acd; 7c 1 Apakah Anda suka mobil besar? 2 Saya tidak suka tinggal di rumah besar. 3 Apakah Anda bisa makan di restoran Indonesia? 4 Perpustakaan ini besar dan bersih. 5 Rumah makan itu tidak bersih. 6 Saya tidak suka buah-buahan. 1 tidak enak. 2 tidak kecil; 3 tidak suka; 4 tidak jauh; 5 tidak ramai; 6 tidak bisa; 7 tidak besar; 8 tidak baru; 9 tidak menyenangkan; 10 tidak indah. Across: 1 minuman; 5 roti; 7 ayam; 8 ramai; 9 sekolah; 11 ikan; 13 pisang; 14 pasar; 15 gedung; 16 rumah. Down: 2 atau; 3 air; 4 daging; 6 jauh; 9 sepeda; 10 kosong; 12 kapal; 14 penuh.
Lesson 10 Latihan 1-3 E Katanya Anda berasal dari Kupang? H Ya saya berasal dari Kupang tetapi sekarang saya tinggal di Jakarta. E O begitu. Apakah Anda suka tinggal di Jakarta? H Tidak suka. Saya mau kembali ke Kupang. E Di mana kota Kupang? Apakah Kupang jauh dari Jakarta? H Jauh. Kota Kupang di Timor, dekat Darwin, Australia. E Bagaimana kota Kupang? H Kupang menyenangkan. Jakarta ramai sekali tetapi Kupang tidak ramai. E Apakah Kupang besar? H Tidak. Kupang tidak besar tetapi juga tidak kecil. Saya suka kota kecil. E O begitu. Bagaimana makanan di Kupang? Apakah makanan Timor enak? H Saya kira makanan di Timor tidak enak. Dan mahal. E Mahal? Apakah Anda suka makan di restoran mahal atau di warung di pasar? H Saya suka makan di restoran atau di rumah. Warung di pasar kotor sekali. Saya tidak suka makan di pasar. E Tetapi katanya ikan di Timor enak sekali. H Ya, saya suka sekali makan ikan goreng di Kupang. Saya juga suka minum bir di Teddy's Bar. E Di mana Teddy's Bar? Apakah Teddy's Bar jauh dari pusat kota? H Tidak. Teddy's Bar di samping kantor pos, tidak jauh dari terminal di pusat kota. E O begitu. Anda akan kembali ke Kupang naik apa? Naik pesawat terbang atau naik kapal? H Naik pesawat terbang dari Jakarta ke Bali. Dari Bali ke Kupang saya akan naik kapal. E Di Kupang Anda akan tinggal di mana? H Saya mau tinggal di Hotel Cendana di depan kantor polisi di Jalan Rinjani tidak jauh dari kampus universitas. E Oh! Saya kira Anda akan tinggal di rumah Anda di Kupang. H Tidak. Rumah saya di sana kecil sekali. Saya tidak mau tinggal di rumah. E Dari hotel ke pusat kota Anda harus naik apa? H Saya harus pergi ke pusat kota naik taksi atau angkot. E Baik. Terima kasih, pak. H Mari. Selamat sore. Latihan 4: 1k; 2f; 3j; 4c; 5d; 6e; 7h; 8g; 9i; 10c; 11b Latihan 5: 1. Saya kira Paris indah sekali 2. Saya kira Universitas Widya Buana cukup baik 3 Saya kira makanan di Warung Sudi Mampir tidak enak 4 Mobil saya tidak besar tetapi cepat, saya kira, Apakah makanan di Timor enak? Latihan 6: A kereta api, mobil, bus, pesawat terbang, sepeda. B Jepang, Belanda, Solo, Mesir, Jakarta. C mesjid, universitas, kantor pos, terminal bus. D ayam, ikan goreng, roti, teh, makanan, jagung. Latihan 7: kembali ke–return to, ke depan–to the front, kembali dari–return from, dari samping–from the side, pergi
Keys to the Exercises
Latihan 8:
ke–go to, ke belakang–to the back, di samping–beside, di belakang–at the back, tinggal di–live in, stay at, di dekat–near Across: 1 selamat ; 2 mesjid; 4 katanya; 5 angkot; 6 itu; 9 menyenangkan; 13 berasal; 14 indah; 16 bersih; 19 rumah; 20 pusat; 21 murah; Down: 1 sekarang; 2 makanan; 3 bagaimana; 7 tinggal; 8 belajar
Lesson 11 Latihan 2: Latihan 3: Latihan 4: Latihan 5:
Latihan 6: Latihan 7:
Latihan 8:
1b; 2d; 3c; 4e; 5a; 6f; 7g. besar-kecil; bersih-kotor; mahal-murah; dingin-panas; penuh-kosong; bagus-jelek; cepat-lambat; manispahit. 1 tidak; 2 tidak; 3 bukan; 4 bukan; 5 tidak; 6 tidak; 7 bukan; 8 tidak; 9 tidak; 10 bukan; 11 bukan; 12 tidak; 13 tidak; 14 bukan; 15 tidak; 16 tidak; 17 bukan; 18 bukan 1 Saya suka naik bus besar yang mahal. / Saya suka naik bus biasa yang murah. 2 Saya mau makan makanan Padang yang pedas. / Saya mau makan makanan Jawa yang manis. 3 Saya akan tinggal di hotel besar yang ramai. / Saya akan tinggal di hotel kecil yang tidak ramai. 4 Saya suka naik becak biasa yang kotor. / Saya suka naik taksi yang bagus dan bersih. 5 Saya suka pasar yang ramai tetapi murah. / Saya suka toko yang tidak ramai tetapi mahal. 6 Saya mau pergi ke bioskop Ria yang biasanya penuh. / Saya mau pergi ke bioskop Reksa yang biasanya kosong. 7 Saya mau tinggal di rumah yang besar tetapi jelek. / Saya mau tinggal di rumah yang kecil tetapi indah. 8 Saya mau pergi ke Belanda yang dingin. / Saya mau pergi ke Indonesia yang panas. 9 Saya ke Melbourne naik bus besar yang cepat. / Saya ke Melbourne naik bus biasa yang lambat tetapi murah. 10 Saya suka makan coklat yang manis sekali. / Saya suka makan roti biasa yang tidak manis. jauh; orang; bukan; tidak; bukan. 1 Rumah saya tidak jauh dari sini. 2 Itu bukan hotel; itu rumah sakit. 3 Saya tidak tinggal di Medan. 4 Apakah orang di negara Anda suka makan nasi? 5 Apakah saya bisa naik kereta api dari Paris ke negara Anda? 6 Dia orang Mesir bukan orang Arab Saudi. Across: 3 ramai; 6 panas; 8 coklat; 9 baru; 11 tinggal; 13 gedung; 14 bagus; 16 sekali; 17 mobil; 18 enak; Down: 1 mahal; 2 bioskop; 4 belakang; 5 penuh; 7 daging; 10 manis; 12 tetapi; 14 becak; 15 sakit
Lesson 12 Latihan 2: Latihan 3: Latihan 4:
Latihan 5: Latihan 6:
Latihan 7:
1c; 2a; 3b; 4b; 5c; 6a. mau; makan; bagus; duduk; suka; sekali; juga; minta; nasi; pisang 1e; 2h; 3c; 4f; 5b; 6i; 7g; 8j; 9a; 10d. The questions are: 1. Apa Anda mau pergi ke Bandung dengan saya?; 2. Apa Anda mau makan di rumah atau di pasar?; 3. Apa Anda suka makan daging ayam?; 4. Apa Anda suka makan telur?; 5. Apa Anda suka minum teh?; 6. Anda lebih suka makan daging atau telur?; 7. Di mana Anda mau makan?; 8. Di mana Pak Basri mau makan?; 9. Apa Anda suka minum kopi?; 10. Anda suka minum kopi dengan apa? ikan; daging; nasi; ayam goreng; susu; air jeruk; air putih; bir; kentang 1. Saya suka daging ayam tetapi Saya kurang suka telur ayam; 2 Apakah kamu suka minum kopi?; 3 Apakah Anda mau makan ayam goreng di Restoran Sederhana?; 4 Apa kamu mau makan rambutan?; 5 Apa kamu suka minum kopi sama susu? Across: 4 telur; 5 kecil; 6 pasar; 9 buah; 10 daging; 11 masuk; 13 atau; 16 pertanyaan; 17 kurang; 18 ayam; 20 dengan. Down: 1 bersih; 2 tetapi; 3 pisang; 7 juga; 8 jawaban; 12 kepingin; 14 minum; 15 sekali; 19 dan
Lesson 13 Latihan 2: Latihan 3: Latihan 4: Latihan 5: Latihan 6: Latihan 7: Latihan 8:
Latihan 9:
1b; 2a; 3a; 4a; 5b 1a; 2b; 3a; 4c; 5d; 6b; 7d; 8d; 9b; 10b; 11d; 12a; 13d 1e; 2d; 3b; 4a. 1g; 2e; 3c; 4f; 5d; 6b; 7a 1f; 2d; 3a; 4e; 5b; 6c; 7h; 8g maaf; kalau begitu; suka; nanti; tidak apa-apa; bagaimana; terima kasih; boleh 1 Apakah Anda mau pergi ke toko nanti sore? 2 Pak Hutagalung akan makan di sini nanti siang. 3 Saya harus ke Bukittinggi nanti malam. 4 Bagaimana kalau nanti siang di Restoran Tokyo? 5 Saya kurang suka makanan Jepang. 6 Apakah Anda mau makan durian nanti malam? 7 Saya mau belajar bahasa Indonesia di Yogyakarta. Across: 5 pergi; 6 malam; 7 nanti; 8 naik; 10 belajar; 11 dengan; 12 sore; 13 mal; 14 kita; 15 bagaimana. Down: 1 siang; 2 indah; 3 kepingin; 4 bahasa; 9 harus; 10 bioskop; 11 durian; 13 maaf.
