Gmtcs Dmpciksks4
77 Zktrmtcs Baustrmfcs
77 grmvurms quk rktrmtmn c prctmgcibsnc, c emitístboc k c octbfbmic fkstks ekabics ic Dmpïc fc sâouac PUBBB mtâ c biîobc fc sâouac PP.
Mrtk Ekabim
Ourmfcrbm, crgmibzmçïc, prcdktc gríoc k fbmgrmnmçïc4 Oamufbc @bfkhb Hurm`myms`b Kfbçïc4 = Mic fk Kfbçïc4 :<=7 Acoma fk Kfbçïc4 _ïc \muac, _\ Vbpc fk _upcrtk4 K-JCCH Ecrnmtc4 \FE \ígbims4 05 Zkekräiobms fms bnmgkis4 Wbhbnkfbm Ocnncis, _`uttkrstcoh k uhbyc-k.crg.
_unírbc4 Ekabics Mrtbstms Bitrcfuçïc Îifbok fms Cjrms
Ekabics mrtbstms
Kstk abvrc â unm ecrnm fk kimatkokr m grmifkzm fbsorktm, kakgmitk k fk sbiguamr bifkpkifäiobm fkstks mibnmbzbi`cs tïc kspkobmbs, quk mdufmn m trmisecrnmr cs icsscs fbms nmbs pksmfcs kn ncnkitcs fk trmiqubabfmfk k fk pmz bitkrbcr. _bn, scnkitk qukn tkn gmtcs smjk c qumitc m ocnpmi`bm fkaks â tkrmpäutbom. K kaks smjkn fbssc! \cfkncs vkr ics gmtcs c nbstârbc k c emsoîibc pmrm m ocnprkkisïc fc nuifc fm bitrcspkoçïc quk kaks tïc jkn oci`kokn qumifc sk kimn kn unm ombxm fk pmpkaïc. K pcuoms ocbsms emzkn tmitc skitbfc qumitc c ca`mr rkkxbvc fkaks qumifc cjskrvmn c nuifc mtrmvâs fk unm dmikam, pcr kxknpac. ]uk ms grmvurms omrbi`csmnkitk skakobcimfms skdmn un nctbvc pmrm ca`mrncs pmrm cs gmtcs ocnc cjrms pkrekbtms fm Imturkzm. Mima, pcuocs sïc cs mibnmbs quk tän unm rkprkskitmtbvbfmfk tïc fbvkrsbomfm ic nuifc fms mrtks. Oamufbc @bfkhb Hurm`myms`b
‑C nkicr fcs ekabics â unm cjrm fk mrtk.„ Akcimrfc fm Ubiob
I
c sâouac UB f.O., ncigks jufbstms vbmdmrmn fm O`bim pmrm c Dmpïc. Kn sku imvbc trcuxkrmn ksorbturms, fkski`cs k rkaîqubms8 btkis quk kaks kspkrmvmn quk cs mdufmrbm m bitrcfuzbr cs kisbimnkitcs fc jufbsnc ì grmifk imçïc bisuamr. Kaks tmnjân tbi`mn magc nmbs m jcrfc quk fkbxmrbm unm bnprkssïc nmromitk - pmrm prctkgkr skus pkrtkioks, vbmdmvmn ocn gmtcs fcnkstbomfcs. Kaks morkfbtmvmn quk cs jbo`mics pcfkrbmn trmzkr jcm scrtk k quk skrbmn ompmzks fk gumrfmr cs tkxtcs smgrmfcs fcs rmtcs emnbitcs quk tbi`mn bivmfbfc m knjmromçïc. Kiqumitc m biuäiobm furmfcurm fc jufbsnc ic Dmpïc krm okrtmnkitk magc quk cs ncigks kspkrmvmn, â bnprcvívka quk qumaqukr un fkaks pufkssk tkr bnmgbimfc quïc grmifk m bnprkssïc quk skus ocnpmi`kbrcs ekabics emrbmn ic pmîs. Cs prbnkbrcs gmtcs krmn rmrcs, krmn nmitbfcs mpkims pkam kabtk k oubfmfcs ocn ksnkrc. M mrtk fc pkrîcfc ncstrm-cs kn ocakbrms k vbvkifc fkitrc fk omsm. Nms nksnc imqukam âpcom, cs gmtcs pcfkrbmn skr okakjrbfmfks. [n nmiusorbtc fm Krm @kbmi (726 f.O. ì ==0; f.O.) fktma`m cs `íjbtcs k m pkrscimabfmfk fk un gmtc prktc fmfc ocnc un prkskitk mc Bnpkrmfcr [fm.
Nmikhb Ikhc, c Gmtc fm Jcm _crtk
Im mrtk fmqukam âpcom, cs gmtcs sïc ncstrmfcs vbvkifc fk ecrnm auxucsm, ocitrmstmifc ocn m mrtk o`biksm fc nksnc pkrîcfc, quk tkifbm m kiemtbzmr sum `mjbabfmfk imturma pmrm m omçm. Nms cs jcis tknpcs iïc furmrbmn. Kvkitumankitk, gmtbi`cs krmn tbrmfcs fk sku kstbac fk vbfm mrbstcorítboc pmrm trmjma`mrkn ims rums k ics omnpcs. Kn =5<:, pcr kxknpac, c gcvkric fkorktcu quk tcfcs cs ekabics fkvkrbmn skr abjkrtmfcs pmrm omçmr rckfcrks quk kstmvmn mrrubimifc m bifôstrbm fm skfm. M vbfm ì scatm pcfk tkr tbfc magunms fksvmitmgkis, nms tcricu nmbs eíoba pmrm kaks sk rkprcfuzbrkn. K nmbs gmtcs sbgibomvm quk nmbs pksscms pcfkrbmn oci`koä-acs k tcrimrkn-sk cjokomfms pcr kaks. K m cjskssïc akvcu-cs ì mrtk. Mtumankitk, cs gmtcs pcfkn skr kiocitrmfcs kn qumsk tcfcs cs augmrks ic Dmpïc. Fk omeâs k smituírbcs kspkobmbs mtâ ba`ms bitkbrms `mjbtmfms pcr kaks. Iïc emz nubtc tknpc, cs prcprbktírbcs fk unm kstmçïc fk trkn omrmn tïc kimncrmfcs fk sku gmtc quk c icnkmrmn o`kek fm kstmçïc. K `í un Fbm fcs Gmtcs (:: fk ekvkrkbrc). Â dustc fbzkr, pcrtmitc, quk m xmçïc ekabim fc pmîs iïc tkn abnbtks. K mbifm mssbn kssm cjskssïc iïc â un ekiönkic rkokitk, kam pcfk skr kiocitrmfm kn tcfcs cs mspkotcs fm `bstÿrbm fc pmîs k iïc fkncrmncs nubtc pmrm kiocitrmr maguis kxknpacs rkmankitk emsobimitks.
[n ‑omt omeâ„ kn Vÿqubc
Ibtmnm, c o`kek fm kstmçïc fk trkn fk Hbs`b
Vms`brcdbnm, oci`kobfm ocnc m Ba`m fcs Gmtcs
Vmavkz cs nmbs bitkrkssmitks cocrrkrmn furmitk c \krîcfc Kfc (=5
Kstk k-jcch â nubtc nmbs scjrk kstks mibnmbs fcnâstbocs mfcrívkbs. Ecb orbmfc ocnc unm abifm aknjrmiçm - pkrekbtm pmrm mnmitks fk gmtcs - nms tmnjân pmrm rkktbr m imturkzm nuatbemoktmfm k kibgnítbom fkstks ekabics4 jrbioma`ûks, mutcssuobkitks, moca`kfcrks, ocnjmtbvcs k prctktcrks. Cs tknms mprkskitmfcs mqub sïc gmtcs jrbiomifc ocn pksscms k kitrk sb k gmtcs ocnc pksscms. Â m mprkskitmçïc fc ocnprcnbssc fk unm fms ecrnms fk mrtk nmbs vbsumankitk fbiênboms ouaturmankitk nmtbzmfms fk qumaqukr grmvurms mqub rkprcfuzbfmskmjrmigkn c pkrîcfc quk vmb fc sâouacâpcom. PUBBBMs (qumifc surgkn ms prbnkbrms xbacgrmvurms ocacrbfms), pmssmifc pkam emsk fk curc fc [hbyc-k (ic sâouac PBP) mtâ m prbnkbrm nktmfk fc sâouac PP, âpcom kn quk kstm mrtk rkssurgk ocn tcquks nmbs cobfkitmabzmfcs k ocn m bifbvbfumabzmçïc orbmtbvm fcs mrtbstms. \crtmitc, ksqukçm c RcuVujk4 cs gmtcs tcrimrmn-sk vbrmbs kn oÿpbms fk xbacgrmvurm dmpciksms `í sâouacs. Uki`m fksocjrbr cs nknks fk gmtcs quk vcoä kstmvm pkrfkifc pcr trkzkitcs mics.
ÎIFBOK FM_ CJZM_
E[DBNCZB,
_`bzuc
@M_KGMWM,
BIMGMHB,
_kbo`c
Vcncc
B_@BHMWM, Vcrmdb
C gmtc mjmifcimfc (=2:<) Gmtc (=2:<) Gmtc (=2?<) Kitkfbmfc (=2?6) Gmtc prktc (=2?6)
HMWMIMJK, Hycsmb
Gmtc fcrnbifc (=002) C gmtc k c rmtc (=2?<)
HCJMRM_@B,
HC@C,
Hyco`bhm
_`cfm
C gmtc k m amitkrim (=077) Gmtc prktc ì icbtk (=2?<) Gmtc jrbioma`ïc (=2?<)
NMKFM, Nmsmc
Gmtc prktc (=26<)
NB_@BNM,
C jbjabÿac k m gmtkbrm (=025)
NBT[IC,
_`csc
Vcs`btmhm
Ubsbtmifc c ciski (=02:) M fmnm k c gmtc im vmrmifm (=027)
C@MZM,
_`csci
Gmtc pkgmifc c rmtc (=2?<) C gmtc k cs träs pkbxbi`cs-fcurmfcs (=2?=)
CH[N[ZM, Nmsmicju
Fmnm jrbiomifc ocn c gmtc (=7=;)
_[T[HB, @mruicju
C gmtc jrbioma`ïc (=755) C gmtc k ms jcrjcaktms (=757) M \rbioksm _miicnbym k sku gmtc (prbnkbrm vkrsïc - =750) M \rbioksm _miicnbym k sku gmtc (skguifm vkrsïc - =752) Orbmiçms ocn un gmtc (=752) Cski jrbiomifc ocn un gmtc ic ocac fk un vbsbtmitk kn sum omsm fk o`í (=77<)
VMHM@M_@B,
@brcmhb
Vmnm, c gmtc (=2:6) Gmtc ocn ocakbrm fk sbibi`c (=2:2) Gmtcs jrbiomifc (=2:2) C gmtc k c tcnmtkbrc (=2?=)
VMHK[O@B, Hkbs`u
Eca`ms cutcimbs fc jcrfc k c gmtc (=2==) Jrbiomifc ocn un a`ctk fk gmtc (=2=:)
VCNBCHM, Kbski
Fkserutmifc c fbm (=2=<) C pkbxkbrc k m fmnm ocn c gmtc (=2=<)
VCRC@MZM,
O`bhmicju Gukbxm Bimzunm, fk Bimgb-rc, ocn cutrm gukbxm, fk Imhm-ic-O`c (=00?) Ms crks fk _mgm k c nbstkrbcsc gmtc fc dmrfbn bitkric (=006) Okim fk ‑C Ocitc fk Gkidb4 M Keänkrm Eacr fm Aum„ (=00;) Jrbiomifc ocn c gmtc (=025) M fmnm k c gmtc (=025) C gmtc k c kspka`c (=2<=) Gmtc jrbiomifc ocn jmifkbrcam (=2<;)
VCRCVM,
@chhkb
V_[HBCHM, Rcs`btcs`b
Gmtc jrbiomifc ocn unm jcrjcaktm fk jrbiqukfc (=0:0) Fm sârbk ‑Gukrrm kitrk Gmtcs k Zmtcs„ B (=0;2) Fm sârbk ‑Gukrrm kitrk Gmtcs k Zmtcs„ BB (=0;2) Fm sârbk ‑Gukrrm kitrk Gmtcs k Zmtcs„ BBB (=0;2) Bnpkrmtrbz Dbigu jrbiomifc ocn un gmtc„ (=00:) \rcvcomifc c gmtc (=000)
[VMGMWM, @brcs`bgk
Gmtcs sk prkpmrmifc pmrm ocnkr (=066) Cs mrrczmbs fk Msmhusm k c Ekstbvma fk Vcrb-ic-nmo`b (=0;7)
[VMGMWM, Huibnmsm
M fmnm k c gmtc (=725)
[VMGMWM, Huibsmfm
Fmnm fk hbncic abstrmfc jrbiomifc ocn c gmtc (=067) Eacrks fk okrkdkbrm im nmisïc fk Gkidb Zchudc (=0;6) Jrbiomifc ocn c gmtc (=0;6) M ocrtksï Hcgurunm, fm sârbk ‑_kakçïc fms ?5 Ictívkbs Ocrtksïs„ (=05=) C mtcr Jmifc` Nbtsugcrc, fm sârbk ‑Eacrks fk Kfc k Ubstm fc Emncsc \maíobc„ (=05:)
[VMGMWM,
Huibtcs`b
_pm fk ecitk tkrnma pmrm gmtcs (=006) Dcgcs fcs gmtcs (=006)
[VMGMWM, Huibycs`b
Jrbiomifc ocn c gmtc (=0:?) Fms ;? Kstmçûks fm Kstrmfm fk Vchmbfc4 Okim kn Chmzmhb (=0?;) Îifbok fcs mtcrks emvcrbtcs (=06<) M a`m fk Fmbimgci Ruhbimrb (=06:) Gmtcs k Hmtsuc (Jcibtcs) (=06:) C pcktm _mbgyc @cs`b skgurmifc un a`ctk fk gmtc (=06:) Gmtcs ocnc mtcrks fk tkmtrc Hycgki (=06:) Orbsêitkncs (=06:) Îifbok bistrutbvc fk tcfcs cs tbpcs fk prcvârjbcs (=06?) Fkzksskbs Ocisbfkrmçûks Nmrmvba`csms fc Auorc - B (=06;) Fkzksskbs Ocisbfkrmçûks Nmrmvba`csms fc Auorc - BB (=06;) Ompîtuacs ikjuacscs fc ‑C Ocitc fk Gkidb„ (=065) Fkzksskbs Nua`krks _kiibi Kiomitmfcrms (=067) Jkscurcs fcurmfcs (=067) Ukrfmfkbrc k emasc4 cs fcbs amfcs fc ocrmçïc - B (=060) Ukrfmfkbrc k emasc4 cs fcbs amfcs fc ocrmçïc - BB (=060) Nua`krks Ocnpmrmfms ocn cs _ktk Fkusks fm Jcm _crtk (=060) Ncrfbfm fc gmtc (=0;:) Fkpbamifc m iuom (=0;:) Fbvkrsûks mpÿs m prbnkbrm ikvmsom (=0;:) Grmvurm fm sârbk ‑Fkskdcs Muspbobcscs im Vkrrm k ic Nmr„ (=0;:) Grmvurm fm sârbk ‑Dcgcs Ekabics \cpuamrks„ (=0;:) Jrbiomifcs ocn cs gmtcs (=0;6)
‑C gmtc mjmifcimfc„ (=2:<) Eudbncrb _`bzuc
‑Gmtc„ (=2:<) @mskgmwm _kbo`c
‑Gmtc„ (=2?<) Bimgmhb Vcncc
‑Kitkfbmfc„ (=2?6) Bs`bhmwm Vcrmdb
‑Gmtc prktc„ (=2?6) Bs`bhmwm Vcrmdb
‑Gmtc fcrnbifc„ (=002) Hmwmimjk Hycsmb
‑C gmtc k c rmtc„ (=2?<) Hmwmimjk Hycsmb
‑C gmtc k m amitkrim„ (=077) Hcjmyms`b Hyco`bhm
‑Gmtc prktc ì icbtk„ (=2?<) Hc`c _`cfm
‑Gmtc jrbioma`ïc„ (=2?<) Hc`c _`cfm
‑Gmtc prktc„ (=26<) Nmkfm Nmsmc
‑C jbjabÿac k m gmtkbrm„ (=025) Nbs`bnm _`csc
‑Ubsbtmifc c ciski„ (=02:) Nbzuic Vcs`btmhm
‑M fmnm k c gmtc im vmrmifm„ (=027) Nbzuic Vcs`btmhm
‑Gmtc pkgmifc c rmtc„ (=2?<) C`mrm _`csci
‑C gmtc k cs träs pkbxbi`cs-fcurmfcs„ (=2?=) C`mrm _`csci
‑Fmnm jrbiomifc ocn un gmtc„ (=7=;) Chunurm Nmsmicju
‑C gmtc jrbioma`ïc„ (=755) _uzuhb @mruicju
‑C gmtc k ms jcrjcaktms„ (=757) _uzuhb @mruicju
‑M \rbioksm _miicnbym k sku gmtc„ (=750) _uzuhb @mruicju
‑M \rbioksm _miicnbym k sku gmtc„ (=752) _uzuhb @mruicju
‑Orbmiçms ocn un gmtc„ (=752) _uzuhb @mruicju
‑Cski jrbiomifc ocn un gmtc ic ocac fk un vbsbtmitk kn sum omsm fk o`í„ (=77<) _uzuhb @mruicju
‑Vmnm, c Gmtc„ (=2:6) Vmhm`ms`b @brcmhb
‑Gmtc ocn ocakbrm fk sbibi`c„ (=2:2) Vmhm`ms`b @brcmhb
‑Gmtcs jrbiomifc„ (=2:2) Vmhm`ms`b @brcmhb
‑C gmtc k c tcnmtkbrc„ (=2?=) Vmhm`ms`b @brcmhb
‑Eca`ms cutcimbs fc jcrfc k c gmtc„ (=2==) Vmhkuo`b Hkbs`u
‑Jrbiomifc ocn un a`ctk fk gmtc„ (=2=:) Vmhkuo`b Hkbs`u
‑Fkserutmifc c fbm„ (=2=<) Vcnbchm Kbski
‑C pkbxkbrc k m fmnm ocn c gmtc„ (=2=<) Vcnbchm Kbski
‑Gukbxm Bimzunm, fk Bimgb-rc, ocn cutrm gukbxm, fk Imhm-ic-O`c„ (=00?) Vcyc`mrm O`bhmicju
‑Ms crks fk _mgm k c nbstkrbcsc gmtc fc dmrfbn bitkric„ (=006) Vcyc`mrm O`bhmicju
‑Okim fk ‐C Ocitc fk Gkidb4 M Keänkrm Eacr fm Aum‒„ (=00;) Vcyc`mrm O`bhmicju
‑Jrbiomifc ocn c gmtc„ (=025) Vcyc`mrm O`bhmicju
‑M fmnm k c gmtc„ (=025) Vcyc`mrm O`bhmicju
‑C gmtc k c kspka`c„ (=2<=) Vcyc`mrm O`bhmicju
‑Gmtc jrbiomifc ocn jmifkbrcam„ (=2<;) Vcyc`mrm O`bhmicju
‑Gmtc jrbiomifc ocn unm jcrjcaktm fk jrbiqukfc„ (=0:0) Vcyctm @chhkb
‑Fm sârbk ‐Gukrrm kitrk Gmtcs k Zmtcs‒„ (=0;2) Vsuhbchm Rcs`btcs`b
‑Fm sârbk ‐Gukrrm kitrk Gmtcs k Zmtcs‒„ (=0;2) Vsuhbchm Rcs`btcs`b
‑Fm sârbk ‐Gukrrm kitrk Gmtcs k Zmtcs‒„ (=0;2) Vsuhbchm Rcs`btcs`b
‑Bnpkrmtrbz Dbigu jrbiomifc ocn un gmtc„ (=00:) Vsuhbchm Rcs`btcs`b
‑\rcvcomifc c gmtc„ (=000) Vsuhbchm Rcs`btcs`b
‑Gmtcs sk prkpmrmifc pmrm ocnkr„ (=066) [tmgmwm @brcs`bgk
‑Cs mrrczmbs fk Msmhusm k c Ekstbvma fk Vcrb-ic-nmo`b„ (=0;7) [tmgmwm @brcs`bgk
‑M fmnm k c gmtc„ (=725) [tmgmwm Huibnmsm
‑Fmnm fk hbncic abstrmfc jrbiomifc ocn c gmtc„ (=067) [tmgmwm Huibsmfm
‑Eacrks fk okrkdkbrm im nmisïc fk Gkidb Zchudc„ (=0;6) [tmgmwm Huibsmfm
‑Jrbiomifc ocn c gmtc„ (=0;6) [tmgmwm Huibsmfm
‑M ocrtksï Hcgurunm, fm sârbk ‐_kakçïc fms ?5 Ictívkbs Ocrtksïs‒„ (=05=) [tmgmwm Huibsmfm
‑C mtcr Jmifc` Nbtsugcrc, fm sârbk ‐Eacrks fk Kfc k Ubstm fc Emncsc \maíobc‒„ (=05:) [tmgmwm Huibsmfm
‑_pm fk ecitk tkrnma pmrm gmtcs„ (=006) [tmgmwm Huibtcs`b
‑Dcgcs fcs gmtcs„ (=006) [tmgmwm Huibtcs`b
‑Jrbiomifc ocn c gmtc„ (=0:?) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Fms ;? Kstmçûks fm Kstrmfm fk Vchmbfc4 Okim kn Chmzmhb„ (=0?;) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Îifbok fcs mtcrks emvcrbtcs„ (=06<) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑M a`m fk Fmbimgci Ruhbimrb„ (=06:) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Gmtcs k Hmtsuc (Jcibtcs)„ (=06:) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑C pcktm _mbgyc @cs`b skgurmifc un a`ctk fk gmtc„ (=06:) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Gmtcs ocnc mtcrks fk tkmtrc Hycgki„ (=06:) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Orbsêitkncs„ (=06:) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Îifbok bistrutbvc fk tcfcs cs tbpcs fk prcvârjbcs„ (=06?) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Fkzksskbs Ocisbfkrmçûks Nmrmvba`csms fc Auorc„ (=06;) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Fkzksskbs Ocisbfkrmçûks Nmrmvba`csms fc Auorc„ (=06;) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Ompîtuacs ikjuacscs fc ‐C Ocitc fk Gkidb‒„ (=065) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Fkzksskbs Nua`krks _kiibi Kiomitmfcrms„ (=067) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Jkscurcs fcurmfcs„ (=067) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Ukrfmfkbrc k emasc4 cs fcbs amfcs fc ocrmçïc„ (=060) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Ukrfmfkbrc k emasc4 cs fcbs amfcs fc ocrmçïc„ (=060) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Nua`krks Ocnpmrmfms ocn cs _ktk Fkusks fm Jcm _crtk„ (=060) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Ncrfbfm fc gmtc„ (=0;:) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Fkpbamifc m iuom„ (=0;:) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Fbvkrsûks mpÿs m prbnkbrm ikvmsom„ (=0;:) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Grmvurm fm sârbk ‐Fkskdcs Muspbobcscs im Vkrrm k ic Nmr‒„ (=0;:) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Grmvurm fm sârbk ‐Dcgcs Ekabics \cpuamrks‒„ (=0;:) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
‑Jrbiomifcs ocn cs gmtcs„ (=0;6) [tmgmwm Huibycs`b
