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LAB MANUAL
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Ex.No: 8 Date:
RTD IN A CSTR AIM:
To study the non-ideality of continuous stirred tank reactor and to find mean residence time for impulse injection of tracer. To plot exit time distribution of the reactor and to obtain E curve for experimental results. THEORY:
The elements of the fluid taking different routes through the reactor may require different length of time to pass through the reaction vessel. The distribution of these times for the stream of liquid leaving the vessel is called exit age distribution E or residence time distribution RTD of the fluid. The E curve is the distribution needed to account for non-ideal flow. To evaluate E for any flow, we resort to stimulus response techniques which is the time record of the tracer leaving the vessel. Any material that can be detected and which does not disturb the flow pattern in the vessel can be used as tracer. With no tracer initially present anywhere impose an idealized instantaneous pulse of tracer on the stream entering the vessel. Such an input is often called a function or impulse. The normalized response is then called the C curve. PROCEDURE:
Prepare 1 lit of 0.1 N HCl and 100 ml of 1N NaOH solutions.
Standardize NaOH solutions by using standard oxalic acid of 0.1N and standardize HCl solutions by using known normality of NaOH.
Transfer water in the overhead tanks provided in the experimental setup.
FOR IMPULSE INPUT:
Adjust the flow rate of water stream (5LPH)
Allow the experiment to reach steady state.
At time t=0 introduce the tracer of 10 ml (1N NaOH) into mixed flow reactor and start the stopwatch.
Collect 10 ml of mixture from the outlet and transfer into a conical flask at every 15 secs interval for about 2 mins and one minute time intervals for next 5 mins and a time interval of 2 mins for another 8 mins (total time may be 15 mins)
CRE LAB MANUAL/RTD in a CSTR
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Titrate the collected reaction mixture against standard HCl solution using phenolphthalein as indicator. The end point is disappearance of pale pink colour.
Tabulate the observations and report the results.
CRE LAB MANUAL/RTD in a CSTR
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STANDARDISATION OF NaOH:
Indicator: Phenolphthalein End point: Appearance of pale pink colour
S.No
Volume of oxalic acid.
Volume of Concordant titre value NaOH
Burette Reading ml
ml
ml
Initial
Final
1.
10
0
10
10
2.
10
0
10
10
ml
10
3.
V1N1 = V2N2 Volume of oxalic acid
(V1)
=
10
ml
Normality of oxalic acid
(N1)
=
0.1
N
Volume of NaOH consumed
(V2)
=
10
ml
Normality of NaOH
(N2)
=
= =
CRE LAB MANUAL/RTD in a CSTR
V N 1 1 V 2 10
×0.1 10
0.1 N
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STANDARDISATION OF HCl:
Indicator: Phenolphthalein End point: Appearance of pale pink colour