Xm` ~asx 3 h`cah`s mau` s``k xm` ikxrfhpcxifk fe a x`cmkfdfjy xmax mas rahicaddy cmakj`h xm` zay ik zmicm z` akadyw` akh cfkxrfd xm` zfrdh arfpkh ps+
Xm` oicrf~rfc`ssfr fr —cfo~px`r fk a cmi~‟ eirsx b`cao` a cfoo`rciad r`adixy ik 19:1 zixm xm` ikxrfhpcxifk fe xm` 8 bix 8>>8 by Ikx`d Cfr~fraxifk+ Fxm`r cfo~aki`s adsf efddfz`h xm` d`ah fe Ikx`d sf xmax by xm` dax` 19:>‖s z` cfpdh cmffs` e rfo rfo made a hfw`k oicrf~rfc`ssfr xy~`s+
Xm` :>‖s h`cah` saz xm` jrfzxm fe a kpob`r fe ~`rsfkad cfo~px`r ps`rs erfo a makhepd fe mfbbyisxs akh macl`rs xf oiddifks fe bpsik`ss$ ikhpsxriad$ jfu`rko`kx$ akh h`e`ks`$ `hpcaxifkad akh ~riuax` ps`rs kfz `kgfyikj xm` ahuakxaj`s fe ik`}~`ksiu` cfo~pxikj+
A by ~rfhpcx fe oicrf~rfc`ssfr h`u`df~o`kx zas oicrfcfo~px`r+ Xm` sao` eabricaxifk x`cmkiqp`s akh ~rfjraooikj cfkc`~xs xmax oal` ~fssibd` xm` j`k`rad ~pr~fs` oicrf~rfc`ssfr adsf yi`dh`h xm` oicrfcfo~px`r+
2+ OICRF^RFC@SSFRS % OICRFCFKXRFDD@RS7 2+1 Oicrf~rfc`ssfrs7 A oicrf~rfc`ssfr is a j`k`rad ~pr~fs` c`kxrad ~rfc`ssikj
pkix -C^P)+ Adxmfpjm lkfzk as a ‛Cfo~px`r fk Cmi~‖ xm` Oicrf~rfc`ssfr ik kf s`ks`s a cfo~d`x` hijixad cfo~px`r+ Bdfcl hiajrao fe a Oicrf~rfc`ssfr C^P zmicm cfkxaiks ADP< ^rfjrao cfpkx`r -^C)$ a sxacl ~fikx`r -S^) $sfo` zfrlikj r`jisx`rs $ a cdfcl xioikj circpix akh ikx`rrp~x circpix s is smfzk ik xm` efddfzikj eijpr`
Eij 1+1 Oicrf~rfc`ssfr C^P Bdfcl Hiajrao
Xm` marhzar` h`sijk fe a oicrf~rfc`ssfr is arrakj`h spcm xmax a u`ry soadd fr u`ry darj` sysx`o cak b` cfkeijpr`h arfpkh xm` C^P as xm` a~~dicaxifk h`oakhs as smfzk ik Eij1+2+
Xm` ~rio` ps` fe xm` Oicrf~rfc`ssfr is xf r`ah haxa$ ~`refro `}x`ksiu` cadcpdaxifks fk xmax haxa$ akh sxfr` xmfs` cadcpdaxifks ik a oass sxfraj` h`uic` fr his~day xm` r`spdxs efr mpoak ps`+
B S Sfo`sm M H Kaxarag Prs
R`ua IXO
2
OICRFCFKXRFDD@R
Pkix 1
O^ % OC
Xm` ~rfjraos ps`h by oicrf~rfc`ssfr ar` sxfr`h ik xm` oass sxfraj` h`uic` akh dfah`h ikxf RAO as ps`r hir`cxs+ A e`z oicrf~rfc`ssfr ~rfjraos ar` sxfr`h ik RFO+ Xm` RFO bas`h ~rfjraos ar` ~rioaridy soadd ei}`h ~rfjraos xmax f~`rax` ~`ri~m`rads akh fxm`r ei}`h h`uic`s xmax ar` cfkk`cx`h xf xm` sysx`o+
Xm` eirsx oicrf~rfc`ssfr zas xm` 8>>8 by Ikx`d$ ik 19:1 by Ikx`d$ cfkxaikikj ak arixmo`xic pkix+
Ikx`d cao` fpx zixm eirsx mfo` cfo~px`r ik 19:8 bas`h fk =>=>$ zmicm zas ak = ~rfc`ssfr+
Xm` ofsx ~f~pdar IBO ^C zas ikxrfhpc`h ik 19:9 mah Ikx`d =>==+ Sikc` xm`k Ikx`d ikxrfhpc`h =>2=5&3=5&8=5 akh dax`dy ^`kxipo cdass fe ~rfc`ssfrs+
Xf oal` a oicrfcfo~px`r fk` opsx ahh o`ofry pspaddy RAO akh RFO$ o`ofry h`cfh`rs$ ak fsciddaxfr akh a kpob`r fe Ik~px&fpx~px h`uic`s spcm as s`riad akh ~aradd`d ~frxs+ Eijpr` 1+2 smfzs xm` bdfcl hiajrao fe spcm a oicrfcfo~px`r+
Eij 1+2 Bdfcl hiajrao fe a oicrfcfo~px`r
2+2 Oicrfcfkxrfdd`r7
A oicrfcfkxrfdd`r is a ~rfjraooabd` hijixad ~rfc`ssfr zixm k`c`ssary ~`ri~m`rads+ Xm` h`sijk mas add xm` e`axpr`s efpkh ik oicrf~rfc`ssfr C^P7 ADP$^C$ S^ akh r`jisx`rs+ Ix adsf mas fxm`r e`axpr`s k``h`h xf oal` a cfo~d`x` cfo~px`r7 RFO$ RAO$ ^aradd`d I&F$ s`riad I&F$ Cfpkx`rs akh cdfcl circpixs+ A oicrfcfkxrfdd`r cak b` cfo~ar`h xf a Sziss lkie` zixm opdxi~d` epkcxifks ikcfr~frax`h ik xm` sao` Ikx`jrax`h Circpixs+ Bdfcl hiajrao fe a xy~icad Oicrfcfkxrfdd`r zmicm is a xrp` cfo~px`r fk a cmi~ is smfzk ik eij 1+3+ Xm` ~rio` ps` fe oicrfcfkxrfdd`r is xf cfkxrfd xm` f~`raxifk fe a oacmik` psikj a ei}`h ~rfjrao xmax is sxfr`h ik RFO akh xmax hf`s kfx cmakj` fu`r xm` die`xio` fe xm` sysx`o+
B S Sfo`sm M H Kaxarag Prs
R`ua IXO
3
OICRFCFKXRFDD@R
Pkix 1
O^ % OC
Eij 1+3-a) Bdfcl hiajrao fe a Oicrfcfo~px`r
Eij 1+3 -b) Ikx`rkad Sxrpcxpr` fe a xy~icad Oicrfcfkxrfdd`r
Oicrfcfkxrfdd`r bas`h sysx`o sysx` o r`qpir` d`ss d`s s marhzar`$ r`hpcikj xm` ^CB siw` akh ikcr`asikj xm` r`diabidixy+
Xm`y ar` ofr` ed`}ibd` ik h`sijk ~fikx fe ui`z+
D`ss ed`}ibd` erfo xm` h`sijk ~fikx fe ui`z+
Mas sikjd` o`ofry oa~ efr haxa akh cfh`+
Mas s`~arax` o`ofry oa~ efr haxa akh cfh`+
D`ss kpob`r fe ~iks is opdxiepkcxifkad+
Ofr` kpob`r fe ~iks ar` opdxiepkcxifkad+
2+8 H`u`df~o`kx&Cdassieicaxifk fe oicrfcfkxrfdd`rs7 Xm` `ufdpxifk fe oicrfcfkxrfdd`rs cak b` rijmxdy x`ro`h as sid`kx as xm` io~acx fr a~~dicaxifk fe a oicrfcfkxrfdd`r is kfx z`dd lkfzk xf a cfoofk ps`r$ adxmfpjm oicrfcfkxrfdd`r x`cmkfdfjy mas pkh`rjfk` sijkieicakx cmakj` sikc` `ardy 19:>*s+ H`u`df~o`kx fe sfo` ~f~pdar oicrfcfkxrfdd`rs is jiu`k as efddfzs+ 8 bix -23>> ^OFS xraks$ 1>= Ikx`d 8>>8 19:1 lMw)
8+1 ^rikc`xfk -Ufk/K`poakk) C^P Arcmix`cxpr`7 Ix is kao`h aex`r xm` oaxm`oaxiciak akh `ardy cfo~px`r sci`kxisx Gfmk Ufk K`poakk+ Xm` cfo~px`r mas sikjd` sxfraj` sysx`o -o`ofry) efr sxfrikj haxa as z`dd as ~rfjrao xf b` `}`cpx`h+ ^rfc`ssfr k``hs xzf cdfcl cycd`s xf cfo~d`x` ak iksxrpcxifk+ ^i~`dikikj xm` iksxrpcxifks is kfx ~fssibd` zixm xmis arcmix`cxpr`+ Ik xm` eirsx cdfcl cycd` xm` ~rfc`ssfr j`xs xm` iksxrpcxifk erfo o`ofry akh h`cfh`s ix+ Ik xm` k`}x cdfcl cycd` xm` r`qpir`h haxa is xal`k erfo o`ofry+ Efr `acm iksxrpcxifk xmis cycd` r`~`axs akh m`kc` k``hs xzf cycd`s xf cfo~d`x` ak iksxrpcxifk+
Eij 1+87 ^rikc`xfk -Ufk/K`poakk) Arcmix`cxpr`+ 8+2 Maruarh C^P Arcmix`cxpr`7 Xm` kao` is frijikax`h erfo "Maruarh Oarl I" a r`day bas`h fdh cfo~px`r akh is as smfzk ik eij 1+0+ Xm` cfo~px`r mas xzf s`~arax` o`ofri`s efr sxfrikj haxa akh ~rfjrao+ ^rfc`ssfr cak cfo~d`x` ak iksxrpcxifk ik fk` cycd` ie a~~rf~riax` ~i~`dikikj sxrax`ji`s ar` io~d`o`kx`h+ Ik xm` eirsx sxaj` fe ~i~`dik` xm` iksxrpcxifk xf b` `}`cpx`h cak b` xal`k erfo ~rfjrao o`ofry+ Ik xm` s`cfkh sxaj` fe ~i~`dik` haxa is xal`k erfo xm` haxa o`ofry psikj xm` h`cfh`h iksxrpcxifk fr ahhr`ss+
B S Sfo`sm M H Kaxarag Prs
R`ua IXO
:
OICRFCFKXRFDD@R
Pkix 1
O^ % OC
Ofsx fe xm` ofh`rk cfo~pxikj arcmix`cxpr`s ar` bas`h fk Maruarh arcmix`cxpr`+ Bpx xm` kpob`r fe sxaj`s ik xm` ~i~`dik` uari`s erfo sysx`o xf sysx`o+
Eij 1+07 Maruarh Arcmix`cxpr`+
0+ CFO^PX@R SFEXZAR@7 SFEXZAR@7
A s`x fe iksxrpcxifks zrixx`k ik a s~`cieic s`qp`kc` efr cfo~px`r xf sfdu` a s~`cieic xasl is cadd`h a ~rfjrao$ akh sfexzar` is cfdd`cxifk fe ~rfjraos+ Xm` ~rfjrao sxfr`h ik xm` cfo~px`r o`ofry ik xm` efro fe >s akh 1s akh ix is cadd`h as oacmik` d`u`d iksxrpcxifks+ Sikc` ix zfpdh b` hieeicpdx xf r`o`ob`r oacmik` cfh`s ik xm` efro fe bikary kpob`rs ak ikx`ro`hiax` d`u`d fe dakjpaj` efr ~rfjraooikj$ b`xz``k mijm`r akh oacmik` d`u`d zas h`u`df~`h akh is lkfzk as ass`obdy d`u`d dakjpaj`+ Ass`obdy dakjpaj` ~rfjraos ar` zrixx`k psikj ass`obdy iksxrpcxifks lkfzk as ok`ofkics+ Efr `}ao~d` ik CDR A$ iksxrpcxifk CDR o`aks cd`ar akh A o`aks accpopdaxfr+ Xm` ~rfjrao ok`ofkics ar` cfku`rx`h xf oacmik` cfh`s ik xm` efro fe bikary by sfexzar` cadd`h Ass`obd`r+ Xm` Ass`obdy dakjpaj` ~rfjraooikj r`qpir`s a h`xaid`h lkfzd`hj` fe xm` arcmix`cxpr` zixm zmicm xm` ~rfjrao is `}`cpx`h+ Ik frh`r xf fu`rcfo` xm` hrazbacl fe ass`obdy dakjpaj` ~rfjraooikj mijm`r d`u`d dakjpaj` dil` C$ C,, is ikxrfhpc`h zm`r` ak ikx`r~r`x`r fr a cfo~id`r xal`s car` fe xraksdaxikj a mijm`r d`u`d sfprc` cfh` ikxf oacmik` cfh`s+
Xm` bdfcl hiajrao fe j`k`ric =>01 is as smfzk ik eij 1+5$ is mfps`h ik a 8> ~ik HI^ -Hpad Ikdik` ^aclaj`)$ zixm add fe xm` e`axpr`s pkiqp` xf a oicrfcfkxrfdd`r7 Ikx`rkad RAO % RFO I&F ~frxs zixm ~rfjraooabd` ~iks+ Xio`rs % Cfpkx`rs S`riad Haxa Cfoopkicaxifk Ix is cadd`h as OCS01 by xm` Ikx`d Cfr~fraxifk+ Ix is j`k`raddy r`e`rr`h as xm` —sysx`o fk cmi~‟+
SER O`ofry Oa~7 Xm` s`x fe S~`ciad Epkcxifk R`jisx`rs -SERs) cfkxaik io~frxakx r`jisx`rs spcm as Accpopdaxfr$ R`jisx`r B$ akh I&F ^frx daxcm r`jisx`rs$ Sxacl ~fikx`r$ Haxa ^fikx`r$ ^rfc`ssfr Sxaxps Zfrh -^SZ) akh uarifps cfkxrfd r`jisx`rs+ Sfo` fe xm`s` r`jisx`rs ar` bix ahhr`ssabd` -xm`y ar` oarl`h zixm a ' ik xm` Eij+ 1+10 b`dfz)+ B S Sfo`sm M H Kaxarag Prs
R`ua IXO
15
OICRFCFKXRFDD@R
Pkix 1
O^ % OC
Xm` ^C is kfx ~arx fe xm` SER akh mas kf ikx`rkad RAO ahhr`ss+ SERs ar` kao`h ik c`rxaik f~cfh`s by xm`ir epkcxifk kao`s as A$ XM> akh cak adsf b` r`e`rr`h by xm`ir ahhr`ss`s+ AHHR@SS S~`ciad Epkcxifk R`jisx`rs