A Brief Journey Through Arabic Grammar

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Arabic Grammar

 APPENDIX B: A BRIEF JOURNEY THROUGH ARABIC GRAMMAR

You will cover the basics of the following topics in this Part. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Subject and Predicate………………………… Predicate………………………… 19 Masculine and Feminine Genders…………… 20 Numbers: Singular, Dual, and Plural……… Plural……… 22 Adjective and its Noun………………………… Noun………………………… 23 The Possessive Case or Genitive………………24 Genitive………………24 Interrogatives ………………………… ……… 26 Pronouns………………………………………… Pronouns ………………………………………… 26 The Prepositions……………………………… Prepositio ns…………………………………29 …29 Subject, Verb, and Object………………………30 Object………………………30 The Tense……………………………… …………31 10a. Past Tense …………… …………………… …………………… 31 10b. Imperfect Tense ……………… …… …………… … ……… 34 10c. Imperative and Negative Imperative…… Imperative…… 37 10d. Derived Forms of the verb ……………… 42

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1. Subject and Predicate

Arabic Grammar

Â¦ ¾ Â  ¦ » Â¦   ¬ ¦ ÷

Allah is creator. Muhammad (peace be upon him, pbuh) is prophet. Tariq is Mujahid (one who struggles) The sentences like these are composed of a subject and a predicate which are called in Arabic.

To translate such sentences into Arabic, just put Tanveen (

words (in case they are singular masculine). masculine). Tanveen (

¦¾¾¬¬¦¦÷ and Â¦¦»

Æ ) on each of these

Æ ) is also known as double pesh or

double dhammah.

êêó¢ó¢»É ¦È  ¦¦ û¾¾øø ¸ ¸ ÷ ¾¾ÿ¢´ ÿ ¢´÷Æ¼Ê¼°Ê ¢×

Allah is creator. Muhammad (pbuh) is Prophet. Tariq is a Mujahid .

******************** ********** ************** **** Vocabulary for Lesson No. 1 ********************** *********** ************* ** creator prophet one who struggles house

êêó¢ó¢»  ¦¦ û ¾ÿ¢ ÿ¢´´÷ ª ª ¥

big mg. slave

pious truthful

Z¦ Z¦ï ï ¾¾¦¦ß ¶¶ó¢ó¢Ï ¼Ê Æ¼®Ê ¢Ï

religion

ú ú  Ê®

one

¾¾·¦ÈÂ

scholar

ööó¢ó¢ß

======================= ====================== = Exercises for Lesson No. 1 ======================= Using the words and their their meanings meanings given given above, above, translate the following following sentences into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. The house is big. The slave is pious. The Muslim is truthful.

ZZ¦¦ï  ï ª ª ¦¦ ó¦È ¶¶ó¢ó¢Ï ¾¾¦¦àà ó¦ ¼Ê Æ¼®Ê ¢Ï ööôôÈÈ øó¦È

Islam is a religion. Allah is one. Javeed is a scholar

Ê®É¿¢ô ú ú  ®É ôÇÇ¢¢ó¦È ÂÉ¦È ¾¾· ¦ÈÂÉ ööó¢ó¢ß ¾ ¾  ÂÊ ¢³

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Arabic Grammar

®  û ÷ È ÂM ï À÷ ÷ È Â ÂM You must have heard the Arabic names, for e.g., ò ò  øø ³ for a boy and ¨ô ô  øø ³ for a girl. There lies the rule. Just put ¨ at the end of a masculine (singular) word to make it feminine (singular).

2. Masculine and Feminine Genders

For example,

¨¨ ï ï ¯È¯   ï ï È¯ ¨¨¸¸ó¢ó¢Ï ¶¶ó¢ó¢Ï ¨Æ¾¾Ë ¦È°° ¾¾Ë ¦È° ¨¨üü÷÷  ÷ úú÷÷  ÷ ¨Æ¾¾¥¢¥¢ß ¾¾¥¢¥¢ß ¨¾¾ó¢ó¢» ¾¾ó¢ó¢» Notes: 1. Arabic has two genders, i.e., masculine gender and feminine gender. There is no common gender in Arabic.

¨ (in general) as the last letter of the word. 3. To make a specific reference, we put ¾È Ì¾¦¦È in front of a common noun in Arabic just as we put Ì¾¦È¦ is attached to an Arabic word, we "the" in front of a common noun in English. When ¾È remove one of É (dhamma or pesh) from the two pesh). For Æ (Tanveen or double pesh). 2. A common common sign of a feminine feminine word is

example,

¾É  ÇÇ ÂóÂ ó¦È ¾Æ  Ç È° ÉÀ¢È ¢Èûû¢¢ó¦È ÆÀ¢ÈÈû¦Ê 4. Occasionally, the prefix being). 5. If the

¦¾ ¾º º ¬¬ ¦¦÷

For example,

 ¾¾øø ¸¸ ó¦È¦ ¾¾øø ·

generality also. For e.g., À¢È ¾ÈÌ¾¦È is used to imply generality Èûû¢¢ó¦È

º » ÂÂ¦ ¦º ¨¨¸ ¸ ó¢ó¢Ï ¿N ¢¢ó¦È

(subject) is feminine, then its

¶ ¶ó¢ÏÉ§¢¢ó¦È

(the human

(predicate) will also be feminine.

Additional rules for making feminine gender gender of dual dual and plural nouns nouns are given in the following following lesson.

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Arabic Grammar

************************ ************************ Vocabulary Vocabulary for Lesson Lesson No. 2 ************************ ************************ mg. small fg. small mg. big fg. big mg. intelligent

ZZää Ï ¨Æ ZZää Ï ZZ¦¦ï ï ¨ÆZZ¦¦ï ï  ï ï È¯ ööß ¨¨øø ß

uncle (father's brother) aunt (father's sister)

uncle (mother's brother) aunt (mother's sister) mg. truthful

brother mg. worshipper fg. worshipper

¾Æ ¢»

¨¨ó¢ó¢» ¼Ê Æ¼®Ê ¢Ï -È Æ-¦È

¾¾¥¢¥¢ß ¨Æ ¾¾¥¢¥¢ß

mg. beautiful fg. beautiful

son daughter

ò ò  øø ³ ¨¨ô ô  øø ³ úú¥¦Ê ª ªüü¥ §È Æ§¦È ¿ÉK¿¦É ª ª» ¦É

father mother sister

======================= ====================== = Exercises for Lesson No. 2 ======================= Find out the masculine and feminine words in the following sentences and translate them into English. The translation is also also provided to help you you check your answers. The son is beautiful. The daughter is beautiful. The father is pious. The mother is pious. The uncle is big. The aunt is big.

ò ò  øø ³ úú¥¥¢¢ó¦È ¨¨ô ô  øø ³ ª ªüü¦¦ó¦È ¶¶ó¢ó¢ÏÉ§¢¢ó¦È ¨¨¸¸ ó¢ó¢Ï ¿N ¢¢ó¦È ZZ¦ï  ï ööàà ó¦È ¨Æ ZZ¦¦ï  ï ¨¨øø àà ó¦È

¯ É-¢¢ó¦È  ï ï¯É ¨¨ ï ï ¯È¯ ª ª»» ¢¢ó¦È ¼Ê Æ¼®Ê ¢ÏÉ¾¢¼¼ó¦È ¨¨ëÊ®¢Ï ¨¨ó¢ó¢¼¼ó¦È ZZää Ï úú¥¥ó¦È ¨ÆZZää Ï ª ªü¦¦ó¦È

The brother is intelligent. The sister is intelligent. The uncle is truthful. The aunt is truthful. The son is small. The daughter is small.

 

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Arabic Grammar

3. Numbers: Singular, Singular, Dual and Plural

¨ ¾· ¦È ¦ È Þø ³   ü ü°  «  · Â

There are specific rules in Arabic for making singular, dual, and plural forms of a word. (Yes, dual is a separate and a nd distinct Number in Arabic). There are two types of plurals in Arabic. Solid Plural (

öó¢ ó¢ º Ç Þf

) and Broken Plural (

Z ÈÊÈðð « Þf « Þf

). The plural form depends upon the

context in which it is used, as shown below (for the Solid Plural case only):

'Aaraab forms ↓

¸ çç ÂÂ ÷

Plural

É

with Dhamma ( - ); when used as subject

§ Ð Ð üü÷

with Fatha

È

( - );

when used as object

°ÌÂÂÂ´ ´ ÷

with Kasra

Ê

( - );

when the noun is used with preposition

Dual

Singular

ÀÈ   øøôôÈ È ÷ ÊÀ¢øøôôÈÈ ÷ ööôôÈÈ ÷ Ç©¢øøôôÈ È÷ ÀÊ ¢¬¬øøôôÈ È÷ ¨¨øøôôÈ È÷

Gender mg. fg.

[ [øø ôôÈÈ ÷ úú øø ôôÈÈ ÷ ööôôÈÈ ÷

mg.

Ç©¢øøôôÈ È÷ úú   ¬¬øøôôÈ È ÷ ¨¨ øøôôÈ È÷

fg.

[ [øø ôôÈÈ ÷ úú øø ôôÈÈ ÷ ööôôÈÈ ÷

mg.

Ç©¢øøôôÈ È÷ úú   ¬¬øøôôÈ È ÷ ¨¨ øøôôÈ È÷

fg .

******************* ******** *********** Vocabulary & Exercises for Lesson No. 3 ******************* ********* ********** Try to practice the rules of making dual and plural by reproducing the above table for the following words (both for masculine and feminine case): hypocrite patient scholar pious protector

êêç¢ç¢üü÷ ÂÂ¥¢¥¢Ï ööó¢ó¢ß ¶¶ó¢Ï Ú Úç¢ç¢·

believer helper one who struggles killer one who prostrates

úú÷÷  ÷ ÂÂÏ¢ Ï ¢û ¾¾ÿ¢ ÿ ¢´´÷ òò«¢«¢ë ¾¾³¢ ³ ¢Ç

disbeliever worshipper one remembers truthful prophet

who

ÂÂç¢ç¢ï ï ¾¾¥¢¥¢ß ÂÂï ï¦È¦ È¯ ¼Ê Æ¼®Ê ¢Ï  ¦¦ û

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Arabic Grammar

   Ï   ÷  ¨èÏ Ï

Â 4. Adjective and its Noun »   Â

Look at the following phrases and their translations: a true Muslim a small book a big mosque

¼Ê Æ¼®Ê ¢Ï ööôôÈ È ÷ ZZää Ï Æ§¢¬¬ï ï

ZZ¦ï  ï ¾¾´´ ÈÈ ÷

These phrases are said to be composed of

a pious person a trustworthy uncle a beautiful house

¨ ºº èèÏ

(adjective) and

¶¶ó¢ó¢Ï òò³ È° [ [÷ ¦ÆÈ¦Æ¾¢» ò ò  øø ³ ª ª ¥ » Ï Ï   ÷

(the noun of the

adjective). To translate these into Arabic, just reverse the order of the words (Muslim (Muslim then true

öôôÈÈ ÷

¼Ê®¢ ºº Ï ) and put tanveen ( Æ ) on each of them. them. The tanveen could could be Å or Ç

depending upon the context in which this phrase is used. The rules are similar to those those of

» Ï  ÷Â :

ÂÂ¦¦» ¦¾¾¬¬¦¦÷

(subject and predicate) except that in case of

and

Æ

or

¨èèÏ

1: The order of the words is reversed; and 2: If the first word is attached with

Ì ¾È ¦ , then the second will also have Ì ¾È ¦ attached to it.

For e.g., using the same phrases given above, we will have:

¼Ê É¼®Ê ¢Ð Ðó¦ööôôÈÈøø ó¦È the pious person ¶¶ó¢ó¢Ð Ðó¦òò³³ ÂÂ ó¦È the small book ZZää Ð Ð ó¦É§¢¬¬ðð ó¦È the trustworthy uncle [ [÷÷ ¢¢ó¦É¾¢¼¼ó¦È the big mosque ZZ¦¦ðð ó¦¾¾´´ ÈÈ øø ó¦È the beautiful house ò ò  øø´´ ó¦ª ª ¦¦ ó¦È And remember, as in case of Â Â¦¦» ¦¾¾¬¬¦¦÷ (subject and predicate), if the first word is feminine, the true Muslim

the second should also be feminine. Further, if the first word is dual or plural, the second should also be dual or plural in number, i.e, the two words should agree in gender in gender and number with respect to each other. For example: example: the true Muslim man the true Muslim men

¼Ê É¼®Ê ¢Ð Ðó¦ööôôÈÈ øø ó¦È ÈÀ  ëÊ®¢Ð Ðó¦ÈÀ øø ôôÈÈ øø ó¦È

the true Muslim woman the true Muslim women

¨¨ëÊ®¢Ð Ðó¦¨¨øø ôôÈÈ øø ó¦È É©¢ëÊ®¢Ð Ðó¦É©¢øøôôÈÈ øø ó¦È

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Arabic Grammar

==================== Exercises for Lesson No. 4 ==================== Try to translate the following following sentences and phrases. Notice the difference in Arabic construction for a simple sentence ( noun (

Â¦¦» ÈÂ¦ Â¦¾¾ ¬¬¦¦÷ ) and for adjective and its

» Ï Ï   ÷ ÈÂ¨ Â¨èèÏ ). The house is big. The slave is pious. The Muslim is truthful. The path is straight. The uncle is pious. The aunt is pious.

Z Z¦¦ï  ï ª ª ¦¦ ó¦È ¶ ¶ó¢ó¢Ï ¾¾¦¦ààó¦È ¼Ê Æ¼®Ê ¢Ï ööôôÈ Èøø ó¦È ö ö  ìì ¬¬È È÷É¶¦ ¶¦ÂÂÐóÈ Ðó¦È ¶ ¶ó¢ó¢Ï ööààó¦È ¨¨¸ ¸ ó¢ó¢Ï ¨¨ó¢ó¢¼ ¼ó¦È

the big house the pious slave the truthful Muslim the straight path the pious uncle the pious aunt

Z Z¦¦ðð ó¦¦ª ª   ¦¦ ó¦È ¶ ¶ó¢ó¢Ðó¦ Ðó¦¾¾¦¦ààó¦È É¼Ê ¼®Ê ¢Ðó¦ Ðó¦ööôôÈ È øø ó¦È ö ö   ìì¬¬È Èøøó¦É¶¦ ¶¦ÂÂÐóÈ Ð ó¦È ¶ ¶ó¢ó¢Ðó¦ Ðó¦ööàóÈàó¦È ¨¨¸ ¸ó¢ó¢Ðó¦ Ðó¦¨¨ó¢ó¢¼ ¼ó¦È

 Â» ¢ þ ó   ¢ ¢Ô  ÷ ÷Â» ¢ Ô ÷

5. The Possessive Case or Genitive  ¤» Look at the following phrases and their translations: the creation of Allah the nation of Hud the command of the Qur'an

Ê¦êêôô » Ç® ÿÉ¿ ë À¡ ÊÀ¡Âììó¦ööðð ·

Ê¦ª ª ¥ ¾Ê   ÇÇÂóÂ ó¦É¨ ß È® Ê¦êêôô »

the house of Allah the call of the prophet the creation of Allah

Notes:

É

1. To convey the meanings of "of," we place Dhammah or pesh ( - ) on the first word and

Ç

double kasra ( - ) on the second word. 2. As usual, if the the second word has

Ç

¾È¢ attached with it, then instead of double kasra

Ê

( - ), we will have single kasra ( - ) on the second word. 3. The first noun called

º ôô » ê êº

in the sentence

Ê¦êêôô » is called »¢Ô÷. The second noun Ê¦ is

þ   ó¤»¢Ô÷ , which should always be a proper noun. 24

25

Arabic Grammar

»¢Ô÷ and þ   ó¤»¢Ô÷

4. In Arabic the construction of

automatically takes care of the " 's "

or "of" (Allah's creation OR the creation of Allah) as shown in the above examples. 5. The construction of

»¢ ºº Ô÷ Ô÷ and þ   ó¤»¢Ô÷

automatically implies specific person or

thing. Therefore, 'the' is always added in English translation translation of this phrase. *********************** *********************** Vocabulary Vocabulary for Lesson Lesson No. 5 *********************** *********************** grance rebellion the people house hereafter food sinner

òòÔ Ô ç

ÀÆ ¢ ää × É²¢üóüó¦È °¦ÈÆ°¦È® ¨Æ ÂÂ» ¡ ¿Æ ¢àà× ö ö  ¯ ¯ ¦È

day judgement to establish the prayer to obey parents earth

¿Æ    ú ú  Ê® ¨¨÷¢÷ ¢ë¤Ê É¨¢ôôÐó Ð ó¦È ¨¨ß¢ ß ¢×¤Ê úú  ¾¾ó¦ÊÂ ÆµÌ µ°È°Ì È¦

¿Æ ¢ôôï ï

words way, system messenger doubt human being

¨¨üüÇ ¾Æ  Ç È° ¤ ¤  È° ÀÆ ¢ÈÈûÊ¦ ÂÂï ï Ê¯ úø·È°

remembrance the most beneficent

======================= =================== ==== Exercises for Lesson No. 5 ======================= Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. the establishment of the words of Allah prayer the obedience to the book of Allah     parents the earth of Allah the way of the   messenger the rebellion of the the doubt of the     people human being the house of the the remembrance of hereafter the most Beneficent. the food of the the grace of Allah   sinner the house of Hamid the day of judgement

Ê¨¢ôôÐó Ð ó¦¨¨÷¢÷ ¢ë¤Ê úú¾¾ó¦ ó¦¨¨ß¢ ß ¢×¤Ê Ê¦ÉµÌ µÌ°È¢ Ê²¢üóüó¦ÉÀ¢ää× Ê¨ÂÂ» » ó¦É°¦È°¦È® ö ö ¯¯ó¦É¿¢àà×

¾¾÷¢÷ ¢· ª ª ¥

Ê¦É¿¢ôôï ï Ê¦É§¢¬¢¬ï ï ¾Ê  ÇÇÂóÂ ó¦¨¨üüÇ ÊÀ¢ÈÈûûó¦¤ ¤È° úø·ÂóÂó¦ÂÂï ï Ê¯ Ê¦òòÔç ú ú  ¾ó¾ó¦É¿  

25

26

6. Interrogatives

¿ ¢ ¢  è¬Ç è¬Ç  ¦©¦Â®¢ ¦©¦Â®¢

When Where Why How much, How many Is?

Am?

Arabic Grammar

Are?

Do?

U÷ È¦ úú ¦ ¦È¯¢øøó   ööï ï  ¢ È¢òÿ

Who What Which (masculine) Which (feminine) How

úú÷  ¢÷¦È¯¢÷ ÄÈ ¦È NÄ¦ È¦ ¨¨ ¦ æ æ ï ï  

Have?

7. Pronouns

Â ¢ ¢ ø Ó 7a. Relative Pronouns

Relative Pronoun

Demonstrative Pronoun

¾ Ï Ï  øø ó¦ööÇÊ¦

¨È°¢ËË¢¢ó¦ööÇÊ¦

(The one) who (The two) who (Those) who (The one) who (The two) who (Those) who

ÄÀMÀ óM¦È À¦ ÊÀ¦ÀMÀóM¦È ú ú  ÀMÀóM¦È  ¬M¬Mó¦È ÀÊ ¢¬M¬Mó¦È «¢Mó¦È  «¢M

That Those (two) Those (more than two) That Those (two) Those (more than two)

î îó ¯ î îû ¯ î îóÂÉ óÂÉ¦ î î  ôô « « î î  û¢û¢« « î îóÂÉ óÂÉ¦

This These (two) These (more than two) This These (two) These (more than two)

Number

¦Àÿ À¦ ÀÊ ¦Àÿ À ÿ ÿ ÁÊ Àÿ À ÿ ÀÊ ¢«¢«¢ÿ ÿ

Gender

sr. dl.

mg.

pl.

sr. dl.

fg.

pl.

26

27

Arabic Grammar

7b. Personal and Possessive Possessive Pronouns Pronouns Examples on pronouns his book their house their belief her mother their house their house your book your house your messenger your house your book your house my book gave me rizq our book

þ¥¢¥¢¬¬ï ¢øø ¬ ¬  ¥ öö  û¢ û¢{ { Ê¦ ¢  ÷ É¦ ¢øø ¬ ¬  ¥ úú  ¬ ¬ ¥  î î¥¢¥¢¬¬ï ¢øøð ð ¬¬  ¥ ööð ð óó  Ç È° î î  ¬¬ ¥  ¢øøð ð¥¢¥¢¬¬ï úúð ð ¬¬ ¥  ¥¢ ¥¢¬¬ï  ü üë±È° ¢üü¥¢¥¢¬¬ï

Possessive Pronouns his their (of two) their her their (of two) their your your (of two) you

your your (of two) your my

me our

Á ¢øøÿ

Personal Pronouns he they two

ööÿ ¢ÿ ¢øøÿ

she

úúÿ

they

½È ¢øøï ööï

½Ê ¢øøï úúï

Ä  û ¢û

they

they two

you you two you all

you you two you all

I

we

No.

 ÿ ¢øøÿ

sr.

ööÿ  ÿ ¢øøÿ

pl.

úúÿ ª ªûÈ¦ ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦

pl.

 

öö¬¬ûÈ¦ ª ªûÈ¦ ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦

dl.

Gen der

mg.

3rd person

sr. dl.

Per son

f g.

sr. dl.

mg.

2 nd

pl



person

sr. dl.

úú¬¬ûÈ¦

pl.

¢ûÈ¦

sr.

úú¸ ¸ û

dl., pl.

fg.

mg. fg. 1st mg., fg.

person

NOTE: Memorize these pronouns thoroughly because they occur quite often in the Qur'an.

27

28

Arabic Grammar

************************ ************************ Vocabulary Vocabulary for Lesson No. 7 ************************ ************************ Companions Shop

§Æ ¢¸¸Ï ¦È ÀÆ ¢Mï ïÉ®

from son

úú÷ úú¥¦

hearing relatives I helped Sustainer, Lord

ÞÞøø Ç òòÿ ¦È É©ÂÂÐ Ð û §È K§°È

and for Verily tongue

ÂÈ ¾Ê È¾Ê¾

MÀÊÀ¦Ê À¢È Èó

======================= =================== ==== Exercises for Lesson No. 7 ======================= He is a Muslim. I am a believer. your tongue my son I helped him from you towards us towards them (males) from you our Lord your Lord our messenger

ööôôÈÈ ÷  ÿ úú÷÷  ÷ ¢ûÈ¦ ööðð û¢û¢ÈÈó  ü ü¥¦Ê þ««ÂÂÐ Ð û î îüü÷ ¢üü ó ¦Ê öö    ó ¦Ê î îüü÷ ¢üü¥È° ööðð¥È° ¢üó  ÇÈ°

You are a scholar. She is righteous. for him towards me towards them (females) for us verily you (males) your hearing verily we my house for them my relatives

ööó¢ó¢ß ª ªû¦È ¨¨¸ó¢ó¢Ï  ÿ þó  ó ¦Ê úú    ó ¦Ê ¢üüó ööðð û¦Ê ööððàøøÇ ¢üüûÊ¦  ¬ ¬  ¥ ¢øø  ó  ô ôÿ¦È

28

29

» Â· Â  ³ »

8. The Preposition Prepositions in from on

ç ú÷  ô ôß 

½È

like about

Arabic Grammar

úúß

Examples of Prepositions / usage in a house

ª ¥  ç À¡ ÊÀ¡ÂÂìì ó¦úú÷ ¢û¢ÌÂÂë òò¦¦³  ôôß òò³³ ÂÂ ï ï ¾¾´´ ÈÈ øø ó¦ çÊ¨ ôôÐó Ð ó¦úúß ª ªàà øøÇ ¿Ç ¢ôôÈ È ¥ ª ªôô » È® Ê²¢üôüôó ¾¾ôô¥ ó¦Ê ÂÂ´´ èè ó¦ÞÞôôØØ ÷  ¬¬· Ê¦ÈÂ

We read from the Qur'an. on a mountain like a man I heard

about Prayer in the Masjid with for towards until

Ê§ ¾Ê  ó¦Ê

¬¬·



by (of oath)

ÂÈ

I enetered with security for people towards a city

until the day-break By Allah

Rules of using Prepositions: 1. These words are used as connectors.

Ç Ç

2. When these words are used used with with a proper noun, then then a double kasrah ( - ), is placed on the

Ê Ê

last letter letter of word (or (or a single single kasra, kasra, -

in case

¾È ¦ is attached with it).

29

30

Arabic Grammar

9. Subject ò  ß¢ ß¢ ç , Verb ò à ç , and Object  à   è ÷

¾

In general, in an Arabic Arabic sentence, the verb verb comes first, followed followed by the subject and the object. A

Æ

Å

Double Dhammah or tanveen tanveen ( - ) is placed on the subject and double fathah ( - ) is placed on the object. Look at the the following examples: examples:

¢û ¢ÂÂë¾ ¾  øø· È¢ÂÂë  Æ¾¢¦¦ë ¦ Ê¦¤ ¢¥¢¥¢¬¬ï ï Æ ¤¬¬ï ï

Hameed read the Qur'an. Iqbal wrote a book.

In the first sentence, read is the verb, Hameed is the subject, and the Qur'an is the object. In the second one, wrote is the verb, Iqbal is the subject, and a book is the object. ************************* ************************* Vocabulary Vocabulary for Lesson Lesson No. 9 ************************* *************************

¢ÈÂÂë

read wrote cheated

¤ ¤¬¬ï ï ¸È ¾¾»

made separated water

òòàà ³ ¼È ÂÂç Æ¢÷

created collected wealth, means

êêôô» Þøø³ Æ¾¢÷

======================= ====================== = Exercises for Lesson No. 9 ======================= Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. Allah made Muhammad  (pbuh) a messenger. Allah created the people.

°M ¦¾¾øø ¸ ¢ó ÇMÇ°¦ ¸ ÷ É¦òòàà ³ ² È ¢üóüó¦É¦êêôô» ¢¥¢¥¢¬¬ï ï É É¦È¾ÄÄûÈ¦ Èû¢ó¦ÉÀ¢ØØ Ìó Ì ó¦È¸¾¾» ÈÀ¢È ÂÂ¸ ¸¦¦ó¦¢üëë ÂÂ ç

Allah revealed the book. The Satan cheacter the man. We parted the sea. Note: When a word is attached with

¾È Ì ¢ then one of two fathah ( -È ) , kasrah ( Ê -Ê ) or dhammah (

É ) in a tanveen -Ç or -Æ ) are dropped. tanveen ( -Å Ç dropped. For example, example, as shown shown in the above sentences, Æ ¼Ê ° º É ¢ ¦ È has one dhammah since ¾È Ì ¦ is attached with Æ À ¢ ¢ ¢ ×   has double dhammah, whereas À ¢Ø   Ìó  È ¢Ø   Ë  È È has double fathah, whereas Â  ¸ ¦ ó È ¦ È has only one fathah. . Similarly, ¢ ó  Ç  ° -





 

30

31

10.

Arabic Grammar

Tense

10a. The Past Tense Past Tense

he did they two did they all did she did they two did they all did you did you two did you all did you did you two did you all did I did We did

 Ó¢ Ó¢ ÷ òàç òàç

 Ó¢ Ó¢÷

òòàà ç  àà ç ¦ ôôààç ª ªôôààç ¢¬¬ôôààç úúôô ààç ª ªôôààç ¢øø¬¬ôôààç öö¬¬ôôààç ª ªôôààç ¢øø¬¬ôôààç úú¬¬ôôààç ª ªôô ààç ¢üüôôàà ç

Gender: Gender: mg.: Masculine gender; Number: sr.: Singular; dl..: Dual;

Possessive Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

Á

ÿ 

¢øÿ öÿ ¢ÿ ¢øøÿ úúÿ ½È ¢øøï ööï ½Ê ¢øøï úúï

¢øøÿ ööÿ  ÿ   ¢øøÿ úúÿ ª ªûÈ¦ ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦ öö¬¬ûÈ¦ ª ªûÈ¦ ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦ ú¬¬ûÈ¦ ¢û¦È ú¸ ¸û

Ä

¢û

No. Gen- Per der son

sr. dl. mg. pl. sr.

3rd person

dl. fg. pl. sr. dl. mg.



pl

sr.

nd

2

person

dl. fg. pl. mg. fg. 1st dl., mg., person pl. fg.

sr.

fg.: Feminine gender pl.: Plural (n)

31

32

Arabic Grammar

Try to practice the pronouns and past past tense by repeating the conjugation table using using the following words. This will greatly help you in getting yourself familiarized with the verb forms. Is it not worth repeating it 10 to 15 15 times so that you can remember remember it for the the rest of your life? life? It certainly is! Learning and practicing practicing them for the sake of understanding Qur'an is one of the best worship for which you will be abundantly rewarded by Allah, inshaAllah. ************************* ************************* Vocabulary Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a ************************* ************************* he did he wrote he read he helped he hit, gave example he demanded

òòàà ç ¤ ¤¬¬ï ï ¢ÈÂÂë ÂÂÐ Ðû § È ÂÂÓ ¤ ¤ôô×

he went he killed he made he opened he entered he drank

¤ ¤ÿ ¯È òò¬¬ë òòàà ³ ¶ ¶¬¬ç òò» ®È § È ÂÂË

¾¾³ ÂÈ ÂÂèè ï ï òòÏ ÂÈ êêôô» ® ®àà ¥

he found he refused he joined he created he sent he provided rizq

È¼È ¼±ÈÈ±È°

====================== ==================== == Exercises for Lesson No. 10a ======================= Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The English English translation translation is provided provided for for you to check check your your answers.

¢¸ ¸¬¬ç öö¬¬ôô ààç mg. pl. you did ¦ ôôààç mg. pl. they did mg./fg. dl. you two did ¢øø¬¬ôô ààç mg. dl. they two did ¢ôôààç mg. you did ª ªôô ààç fg. she did ª ªôôààç fg. pl. they did úúôôààç mg. pl. you went öö¬¬¦¦ÿ ¯È ø««ÂÂÐ Ð û mg./fg. dl. you two helped ¢ø mg. dl. they opened

mg. pl. they wrote mg. you helped

¦ ¦¦¬¬ï ï Ð û © È ÂÂÐ

mg./fg. dl. you two opened

mg. pl. you demanded mg. dl. they two wrote mg. pl. they demanded mg. you went mg./fg. dl. they two

demanded mg. pl. you wrote

¢øø¬¬¸ ¸ ¬¬ç öö¬¦ô× ¢¦¬¬ï ï ¦ ¦¦ôô× ª ª¦¦ÿ ¯È ¢øø¬¬¦¦ôô× öö¬¬¦¦¬¬ï ï 32

33

mg. you demanded fg. dl. they two helped mg./fg. dl. you two went mg. pl. you helped fg. you wrote mg. he wrote mg. pl. you opened

ª ª¦¦ôô× ¢««ÂÂÐ Ð û ¢øø¬¬¦¦ÿ ¯È öö««ÂÂÐ Ð û ª ª¦¦¬¬ï ï ¤ ¤¬¬ï ï öö¬¬¸ ¸ ¬¬ç

Arabic Grammar

fg. dl. they two hit mg. pl. they went mg. you opened mg./fg. dl. you two wrote

mg. pl. they opened mg. you demanded mg. dl. they two went mg. pl. they hit

Active and Passive Voices You already know that as

¢¬¬¥¥ÂÂÓ ¦ ¦¦ÿ ¯È ª ª¸ ¸ ¬¬ç ¢øø¬¬¦¦¬¬ï ï ¦ ¸ ¸¬¬ç ª ª¦¦ôô× ¢¦¦ÿ ¯È ¦ ¥¥ÂÂÓ

  ÷ Â»Â   à ÷ ¾     ´ Â»Â Â

voice of this, you have to write it òòàà ç means (he) did . To make passive voice

òòàà ç which means (it) is done. Further examples examples are given given below. mg. pl. you created öö¬¬ìì ôô» mg. pl. you were created öö¬¬ìì ôô» mg. he killed òò¬¬ë mg. he was killed òò¬¬ë ¦ ¦¦ôô× mg. pl. they were demanded ¦ ¦¦ôô× Mg. pl. they demanded mg. he sent ® ®àà ¥ mg. he was sent ® ®àà ¥ ª ª°°àà ¥ I was sent ª ª°°àà ¥ I sent ¢üüë ±ÈÈ±È° we were provided ¢üüë±É±Ê É° we provided ¦ ë±ÈÈ±È° mg. pl. they were provided ¦ ë±É±Ê É° mg. pl. they provided

Important Note: Always be careful in placing A'araab (fathah, kasrah, or dhammah) on different parts of a sentence. A little little change change in these A'araab A'araab may may lead to a completely different message. message. The tense may change from active to passive or the the object may be changed changed to subject. In some cases, the sentence may not make any sense at all.

33

34

 ÷ òàç òàç ¸Ê Ì ° ¢ ¢Ô

10b. The Present (and Future) Tense

Present Tense

he does they do. they do she does. they do. they do. you do you do you do you do you do you do I do We do

Gender: Number:

¸°¢Ô÷

òòààè  è  ÊÀ àà è ÈÀ ôôààèè   òòàà èè« àà è« ÊÀ úúôô ààèè   òòàà èè « ÊÀ àà èè« ÈÀ ôôàà èè « [ [ôôàà èè « ÊÀ àà èè« úúôôàà èè« òòàà ç ¦È

òòàà èèû

mg: Masculine gender; sr.: sr.: Singu Singular lar;; dl.: dl.: Dual; Dual;

Arabic Grammar

Possessive Pronouns

Personal No. Pronouns

Á

ÿ 

¢øÿ ööÿ ¢ÿ ¢øøÿ úúÿ ½È ¢øï ööï ½Ê ¢øï úúï

¢øøÿ ööÿ  ÿ   ¢øøÿ úúÿ ª ªûÈ¦ ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦ öö¬¬ûÈ¦ ª ªûÈ¦ ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦ úú¬¬ûÈ¦ ¢û¦È úú¸ ¸ û

Ä

¢û

Gen- Per der son

sr. dl. mg. pl. sr.

3rd person




pl

sr.

nd

2

person

dl. fg. pl. mg. fg. 1st dl., mg., person pl. fg.

sr.

fg: Feminine gender pl: Plural Plural (n)

34

35

IMPORTANT NOTE:

Arabic Grammar

¸°¢Ô÷ actually is the Imperfect Tense and refers to an action which

is incomplete at the time to which reference is being made. It refers to the present present tense in general. It becomes Future tense by addition of the prefix

² È or the particle È»  Ç before the

¸°¢Ô÷ forms. ****************** ******** ********** Vocabulary & Exercises for Lesson No. 10b ****************** ************ ****** Try to translate the Arabic words words given below. The translation is provided for for you to check yourself.

mg. dl. they two drink

ÊÀ¢¥¥ÂÂÌ Ì 

ÞÞøø ´ ´  ööôôß¦È I know I open ¶ ¶¬¬ç ¦È fg. sr. you collect ÞÞøø ´ ´« « ÀÂ ÈÀÂ ÂÂððÌ mg. pl. they thank Ì  ÈÀÂ ÂÂèèðð  mg. pl. they disbelieve ÀÂ ¾¾¦¦ß¦È I worship mg. mg . you know ööôôàà« « ÞÞøøÈ Èû ¢ó we don't hear mg. he collects

And they will not grieve. They hear the words of Allah. I do not worhsip what you worship. We do not worship except Allah. They believe in Allah and His messenger.

úúôô àà´ ´ « « ¥ÂÂÌ Ì « « mg. dl. you two drink ÊÀ¢¥ ÊÀ¢¥¥ÂÂÌ fg. dl. they two drink Ì « « ÊÀ¢ôôàà´« « mg. dl. you two make ÊÀ¢ôà fg. dl. they two make ôà´« « pl. we worship ¾¦ ¾¦ààû ÈÀ ôô¬¬  mg. pl. they recite ÈÀ ôô¬¬« « mg. pl. you recite mg. mg . they don't know ÈÀ  ø øôôàà  ¢ó ÂÂèèï ï È¦¦ ¢ó I don't disbelieve fg. pl. you make

ÈÀ ûûÄÄ¸ ¸  ööÿ ¢óÂÈ ï ÈÈÀ ààøøÈ È  Ê¦È ¦ È¿¢ôôï ÀÂ ÈÀÂ ¾¾¦¦àà« ¢ « ¢÷ ¾¾¦¦ßÈ¦¦ ¢ó È¦ ¢MóÊ¦¦ ¾¾¦¦ààû ¢ó þó Ç°È Ê ¢ ¥ÈÀ üü÷÷  È° ÈÂÊ Â ¢

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36

Arabic Grammar

Active and Passive Voice:

òòàà ç is made passive by writing òòàà ç for verbs in past tense. However, òàà èè   is made passive by writing it as òòàà èè   , i.e., first letter will have in case of present tense, ò

As you have have seen earlier, earlier,

É

È

dhammah / pesh ( - ) and the third letter letter will have have fathah ( - ). The remaining letters will will have the same A'araab as in the case of active voice. Concentrate on the following examples: he drinks they (all, mg) help you (mg) ask

Ì   § É ÂÂÌ ÀÂ ÈÀÂÂÂÐ Ð üü  ¾É È È« «

Ì   § É ÂÂÌ ÈÀÂÂÂÐ Ð üü  they (all, mg) are helped ÀÂ you (mg) are asked ¾É È È« « he is made / given to drink

******************** ********** *************** ***** Vocabulary & Exercises ********************** *********** ***************** ****** Try to translate the Arabic words words given below. The translation is provided for for you to check yourself.

they understand they (women) are asked they do not fear (it) is opened. they do not cut you are provided. you are provided.

ÈÀ   ììèè 

they cut

will not úúôô È È   they asked ÈÀ ç¢ç¢¼ ¼  ¢ó they ¶ ¶¬¬èè   they are killed ÈÀ ààØØ ìì  ¢ó you understand ÈÀ ëÈ±ÂÂ« « you are helped ÈÀ ëÈ±ÂÂ« « you are helped

ÈÀ ààØØìì  ÈÀ óóÈ È« ¢ « ¢ó ÈÀ ôô  ´ ´  ÈÀ ôô¬¬ìì  

öö èè « « ÈÀÂ ÀÂÂÂÐ Ð ü« « ÈÀÂ ÀÂÂÂÐ Ð ü« «

36

37

Arabic Grammar

10c. Imperative and Negative Imperative     û  

Â ÷ ¢ Â Â Â È È

nd

You can order only to the person in front of you (2 person). Therefore, the imperative and nd negative forms for only the 2 person are provided below.

  û

Negative Imperative

Don't do (it). Don't do (it). Don't do (it). Don't do (it). Don't do (it). Don't do (it).

òòàà èè « ¢ó ¢ôôàà èè « ¢ó ¦ ôôàà èè « ¢ó à èè« ¢ó  ôôà ¢ôôàà èè « ¢ó úúôôàà èè « ¢ó

Imperative

Do (it). (you two) Do (it). (you all) Do (it). Do (it). (you two) Do (it). (you all) Do (it).

Â÷¦È

Poss. Prns.

Pers. Prns.

òò àà çÊ¦ àà ç Ê¦  ¦ ôôàà ç ¦Ê à ç Ê¦  ôôà àà ç Ê¦  úúôôàà çÊ¦

È½ ¢øøï ööï Ê½ ¢øøï úúï

ª ªûÈ¦ sr. ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦ dl. mg. öö¬¬ûÈ¦ pl 2 ª ªûÈ¦ sr. ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦ dl. fg. úú¬¬ûÈ¦ pl.

No.

Gen- Per der son

nd

person

************************ ************************ Vocabulary Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a ************************ ************************ to act, work to know to open, expand (he) separated, divided came near

òòøø ß ööôô ß Æ¬ÂÂË ¼È ÂÂç § È ÂÂë

asked drank rode went

òòÇ § È ÂÂË ¤ ¤ï ï È° ¤ ¤ÿ ¯È

37

38

Arabic Grammar

======================= ================== ===== Exercises for Lesson No. 10c =======================

¤ ¤ÿ ¯ÊÌ¯¦Ê ¢¥¥ÂÂìì « ¢ « ¢ó ç¢¼ ¼« ¢ « ¢ó  ç¢ ¬Ì ÂÂË ¦Ê òòë ÂË Ê¦  óÌ¬Â ¦ ¥¥ÂÂË ¦Ê ¦ ¦¦ï ï °ÊÌ° Ê¦ ¦ ó ë úúï ï

im. mg. sr. (you) Go ni. mg./fg. dl. (You two) Do not go near (it). ni. fg. sr. Do not fear (it). im. mg. sr. Open. im. mg. sr. (you) Say

open up for me (you all) drink (you all) ride im. mg. sr. (you all) Say im. mg. sr. Be.

im. mg. pl. Know.

¦ øøôôß ¦Ê

ni. mg. sr. Do not do (it). ni. mg. sr. Do not go. ni. mg. sr. Do not make. ni. mg. pl. Do not say. (you two) don't come near don't ask me

òòàà èè« ¢ « ¢ó ¤ ¤ÿÿ ÀÀ « ¢ « ¢ó òòàà ´ ´« ¢ « ¢ó ¦ ó ìì« ¢ « ¢ó ¢¥Âìì« ¢ « ¢ó È « ¢ « ¢ó  üüóóÈ ¦ ààøø Ç ¦ÈÂ ¦ ëëÂÂèè « ¢ « ¢ó ¦ û ðð« ¢ « ¢ó

and (you all) listen ni. mg. pl. Do not be divided. ni. mg. pl. Do not be.

IMPORTANT NOTE All the verb forms of

ò òº º ààç

that were taught in the previous lessons along with personal and

possessive pronouns are given in the table on the next page. Try to reproduce this this table a couple

 òò¬¬ë ¤ ¤  ÿ ¯ È¯¶ ¶ ¬¬çÈ§ÂÂË È§ÂÂÓ  êêèè û ÂÂ èèï  ööôôß  òòøø ß

of times for different verbs such as:

 ¤ ¤ôô× òò» ® È®¤ ¤¬¬ï òòàà ³ .

38

39

Arabic Grammar

 à ç Conjugation table for the verb ò û  

òòààè« ¢ó ¢ôôàà èè« ¢ó ¦ ôôàà èè « ¢ó à èè « ¢ó  ôôà ¢ôôàà èè« ¢ó úú ôôàà èè « ¢ó

Â÷¦È

òòàà ç ¦Ê  à ç¦Ê à ¦ ôôàà ç¦Ê à ç Ê¦  ôôà  à ç¦Ê à úúôôàà ç Ê¦

¸°¢Ô÷

Ó¢÷  Ó¢

òòàà èè  è   ÊÀ àà è ÈÀ ôôààè  òòàà èè « è« ÊÀ àà è úúôô ààè 

òòàà ç  à ç ¦ ôôàà ç ª ªôôààç ¢¬¬ôôààç úúôô ààç ª ªôôààç ¢øø¬¬ôôààç öö¬¬ôôààç ª ªôôààç ¢øø¬¬ôôààç úú¬¬ôôààç ª ªôô ààç ¢üüôô àç

òòàà èè « ÀÊ  àà èè« ÀÈ  ôôàà èè « [ [ôôàà èè « ÀÊ  àà èè« úú ôôàà èè « òòàà ç ¦È

òòàà èè û

Poss. Prns.

Pers. Prns.

Á

ÿ 

¢øøÿ öÿ ¢ÿ ¢øøÿ úúÿ ½È ¢øøï ööï ½Ê ¢øøï úï


sr.

¢øÿ dl. mg. öö ÿ pl. 3rd  ÿ sr.   ¢øøÿ dl. fg. úúÿ pl. ª ªûÈ¦ sr. ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦ dl. mg. ö¬¬ûÈ¦ pl 2 ª ªûÈ¦ sr. ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦ dl. fg. úú¬¬ûÈ¦ pl. Ä ¢û¦È sr. mg. fg. 1st mg. ¢û ú¸û dl. pl. fg. person

nd

person

person

39

40

Arabic Grammar

Conjugation table for the verb

û  

Â÷¦È

¸°¢Ô÷

Ó¢÷  Ó¢

ÉÀ ðð  ÊÀ¢û¢û ðð  ÈÀ û ðð  ÉÀ ðð« « ÊÀ¢û¢û ðð« «

ï ÈÀ¢ï

ÀÉ  ð ð« ÊÀ¢û¢û ð ð« ÀÈ  û ð ð« [ [û ð ð« ÊÀ¢û¢û ð ð« úúð ð « ï¦È ÉÀ ï ÉÀ ððû

ªü ªüï ¢øø¬¬üüï öö¬¬üüï ªü ªüï ¢øø¬¬üüï úú¬¬üüï

¢û¢ ¢û¢ï ¦ û¢û¢ï ª ªû¢û¢ï ¢¬û¢ ¬û¢ï úúðð   úúï

úúð ð « ¢ó ¢û¢û ð ð« ¢ó ¦ û ð ð« ¢ó ð« ¢ó  û ð ¢û¢û ð ð« ¢ó úúð ð « ¢ó

úúï ¢û¢û ï ¦ û ï   û ï ¢û¢û ï úúï

ª ªüü ï ï ¢üüï

¢ ï È À ¢

Poss. Prns.

Pers. Prns.

Á

ÿ 

¢øøÿ ööÿ ¢ÿ ¢øøÿ úúÿ ½È ¢øøï ööï ½Ê ¢øøï úúï


sr.

¢øøÿ dl. mg. öÿ pl. 3rd   ÿ sr. ¢øøÿ dl. fg. úúÿ pl. ª ªûÈ¦ sr. ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦ dl. mg. öö¬¬ûÈ¦ pl 2 ª ªûÈ¦ sr. ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦ dl. fg. úú¬¬ûÈ¦ pl. Ä ¢û¦È sr. mg. fg. 1st mg. ¢û úú¸û dl. pl. fg. person

nd

person

person

ÈÀ¢ï are extensively used used in the Qur'an. Try to reproduce this table table a couple of

The verb forms of

times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above.

40

41

Arabic Grammar

Conjugation table for the verb

û  

Â÷¦È

¸°¢Ô÷

Ó¢÷  Ó¢

Poss. Prns.

Pers. Prns.

¾É  ìì  ì  ÊÀ  ì ÈÀ ó ìì  ¾É  ìì« « ì« « ÊÀ  ì

¾È ¢ë

Á

ÿ 

¢ë ¦ ó¢ó¢ë ª ªó¢ó¢ë ¢¬ó¬ó¢ë ú ôë

¢øøÿ öÿ ¢ÿ ¢øøÿ úúÿ ½È ¢øøï ööï ½Ê ¢øøï úúï

úú ôì  òòìì «« ¢ó ìì«« ¦ ó ìì«« ì ««  ó ì ¢ó ìì«« úú ôôìì ««

Different forms of

òòë ¢ó ë ¦ ó ë  ó ë ¢ó ë úúôôë

¢ ë È ¾ ¢

É¾ ìì« ÊÀ  ìì« ÀÈ  ó ìì« [ [ó ìì« ÊÀ  ìì« úúôôìì « É¾ ë¦È ¾É  ììû

ª ªôôë ¢øø¬¬ôôë öö¬¬ôôë ª ªôôë ¢øø¬¬ôôë úú¬¬ôôë

ª ªôë ¢üüôô ë


sr.

¢øøÿ dl. mg. ööÿ pl. 3rd   ÿ sr. ¢øøÿ dl. fg. úúÿ pl. ª ªûÈ¦ sr. ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦ dl. mg. öö¬¬ûÈ¦ pl 2 ª ªûÈ¦ sr. ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦ dl. fg. úú¬¬ûÈ¦ pl. Ä ¢û¦È sr. mg. fg. 1st mg. ¢û úú¸û dl. pl. fg. person

nd

person

person

¾Èº ¢ ë are frequently used in the Qur'an. Qur'an. Try to reproduce this table a couple of

times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above.

41

42

Arabic Grammar

10d. Derived Forms of theVerb ò  à ç Verbal Verbal Noun

°¾¾Ð Ð ÷

òòàà ç ò ò  ààèè « « ¨¨ôôß¢ ß¢èè÷ Æ¾¢ààç¦Ê òòàà èè « « ¨ôß¢èè¬¬÷ Æ¾¢ààèè û¦Ê Æ¾¢àà¬ç¦Ê Æ¾ àà ç¦Ê Æ¾¢àèè¬Ç¦Ê

Passive participle

Active participle

¾ ààèè ÷

òß¢ ß¢ç òààèè÷ òß¢è÷ òààèè ÷ òààèè¬¬÷ òß¢ ß¢èè¬¬÷ òààèè üü÷ òàà¬¬èè ÷ òôôààèè ÷ òàèè¬¬È È÷

Present (& future) Tense

¾ ààèè øø ó¦ööÇ ¦Ê òß¢ ¸Ê°¢Ô ß¢èèó¦ööÇ ¦Ê Ì¸Ê Ô÷

òàèè÷ òß¢ ß¢èè÷ òàèè ÷ òàèè ¬¬÷ òß¢ ß¢èè¬¬÷ òàèèü÷ òà¬¬èè ÷ òôôààèè ÷ òààèè¬¬È È÷

Past Tense

Ó¢÷  Ó¢

S. No.

òòàà èè   òòààç 1 òòàà èè   òòààç 2 òòß¢ ß ¢èè  òòß¢ ß ¢ç 3 òòàà èè   òòàà ç¦È 4 òòàà èè ¬¬  òòààèè « « 5 òòß¢è ß ¢è¬¬  òòß¢è ß ¢è« « 6 òòàà èè üü  òòàà èèûÊ¦ 7 òòàà ¬¬èè  òòàà ¬¬ç¦Ê 8 òNòàà èè   òMòàà ç¦Ê 9 òòàà èè ¬¬È È  òòààèè ¬¬Ç¦Ê 1 0

Note: It is suggested that you practice on this table after memorizing memorizing the meanings meanings of around a Juz' ( parah). Try to repeat this this table for a couple couple of verbs. You will have a much wider understanding of different different verbs and their meanings which occur in the Qur'an. After this practice, you will be able to remember and connect the derived derived forms with with their root word word easily. For each of the verb, you can repeat the table table given under the title "Conjugation "Conjugation table for the verb verb

ò òº ààç " and feel for yourself the power ofof Arabic language. The following page page gives an example of how the table given under the the title "Conjugation table table for the verb ò òàà ç" can be reproduced for òàà ç ¢ ,. You can reproduce the following the derived form number 3, ò following for each of the derivatives. derivatives.

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Arabic Grammar

An Example: Conjugation table for the verb

¸°¢Ô÷

Ó¢÷  Ó¢

òòàà èè   ÊÀ àà è  ÈÀ ôôààèè   òòàà èè « ÊÀ àà è« úúôô ààèè  

òòàç¢È  àà ç ¢È ¦ ôôàà ç¢È ª ªôôààç È¢ ¢¬¬ôôààç ¢È úúôô ààç¢È ª ªôôààç È¢ ¢øø¬¬ôôààçÈ¢ öö¬¬ôôààç È¢ ª ªôôààç È¢ ¢øø¬¬ôôààçÈ¢ úú¬ôààç È¢ ª ªôô ààç¢È ¢üüôààç¢È

òò àà èè « ÊÀ àà èè « ÈÀ ôôàà èè « [ [ ôôàà èè « ÊÀ àà èè « úúôôàà èè « òòàà ç ¦É

òòààèû

Poss oss.

Prns. ns.

Pers.

Pr Prns.

Á

ÿ 

¢øøÿ ööÿ ¢ÿ ¢øøÿ úúÿ È½ ¢øøï ööï Ê½ ¢øøï úúï

¢øøÿ ööÿ   ÿ ¢øøÿ úúÿ ª ªûÈ¦ ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦ öö¬¬ûÈ¦ ª ªûÈ¦ ¢øø¬¬ûÈ¦ úú¬¬ûÈ¦ ¢û¦È úú¸ ¸û

Ä

¢û

No.

òòàç¢È Gen- Per der son

sr. dl. mg. pl. sr.

3rd person




pl

sr.

nd

2

person

dl. fg. pl. mg. fg. 1st dl. mg. person pl. fg.

sr.

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Arabic Grammar

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Arabic Grammar

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A Brief Journey Through Arabic Grammar

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