What is agriculture? (ii) Name the factors influencing agriculture. (iii) What is shifting cultivation? What are its disadvantages? (iv) What is plantation agriculture? (v) Name the fiber crops and name the climatic conditions required for their growth. Answer: (i) Agriculture is the primary activity which includes growing of cro ps, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing of livestoc . It is also nown as fa rming. (ii) Various factors influencing agriculture are - Favourable topograp hy, Soil and Climate. (iii) Shifting cultivation is nown as Slash & Burn agriculture. In thi s type of farming a plot of land is cleared by felling trees and burning them. T he ashes are then mixed with soil and crops li e maize, yam, and potato are grow n. After the soil loses its fertility, the land is abandoned and the cultivator moves to another land. Disadvantages of shifting cultivation are: a. Deforestation b. After some time the land loses its fertility. c. Soil erosion. d. Small patches of cultivation which is insufficient for feeding a large pop ulation. (iv) Plantation agriculture is a type of commercial farming in which a s ingle crop from the group of cash crops crops or beverage crops crops such as - tea, coffee, sug arcane, cashew, rubber, banana or cotton is grown on large farms for commercial purpose. Large amount of labour & finance are required. The production may be pr ocessed on the farm itself or in factories nearby. This type of agriculture is f ound mainly in the tropical regions of the world li e - Brazil, India and Srilan a. (v) Jute & cotton are nown as fiber crops. The climatic conditions req uired for their growth are as follow:a. Jute (Golden Fiber): High temperature more than 25OC, heavy rainfall, warm and humid climate. b. Cotton: High temperature around 30 - 40OC, low rainfall and most important ly 210 frost-free days and bright sunshine. Means lot of cloud-free sunny days i s essential for cotton growing. Question.2: Tic the correct answer. (i) Horticulture means a. growing of fruits & vegetables b. primitive farming c. growing of wheat (ii) Golden fiber refers to a. tea b. cotton c. jute (iii) Leading producers of coffee a. Brazil b. India c. Russia Answer: (i) a (ii) c (iii) a Question.3: Give reasons: (i) In India agriculture is a primary activity. (ii) Different crops are grown in different regions. Answer: (i) In India agriculture is a primary activity because two-thirds of India s po pulation still depends on agriculture. We all now that agriculture includes gro wing of crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing livestoc . (ii) Different crops are grown in different regions because growing of crops d
epends upon the geographical conditions, demand of produce, labour and level of technology. Favourable topography of soil, climates also play an important role in selection of crops to be grown in that area. Question.4: Distinguish between the followings. (i) Primary activities and Tertiary activities. (ii) Subsistence farming and Intensive farming. Answer: (i) Distinction between Primary & Tertiary Activities: Primary Activities Tertiary Activities · Primary activities are those activities which are associated with the extra ction & production of natural resources. · Examples are - Extraction (mining), gathering, fishing, agriculture. · Tertiary activities are those activities which provide support to primary a nd secondary activities through services. · Examples are - Transport, communication, trade, ban ing, media etc. (iii)
Distinction between Subsistence & Intensive Farming:
Subsistence Farming - This type of farming is carried out to meet the needs of t he farmers family. It is done generally on a traditional basis using low levels o f technology and household labour. A variety of crops are raised in small quanti ty on a small plot of land. Intensive Farming - It is a ind of subsistence farming only where a farmer cult ivates a small plot of land by simple tools and more labour. Climate with large number of days sunshine and fertile soils help in growing more than one crop on t he same plot in a year. This type of farming is common in the thic ly populated areas of the monsoon regions of south, southeast and east Asia. Also Study - CBSE Sample Questions ClassVIII, Social Studies Geography - AGRICULTURE - Resources and Development CBSE Notes and Questions
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