Test Test Bank B ank
by Brian Bagatto to accompany Animal Physiology, Third Physiology, Third Edition Hill • Wyse • Anderson
Chapter 24: Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids (with an Introdution to !id"Base #hysiology$ 1. Which of the following is not a a chemical category of respiratory pigment? a. Hemoglobins b. Hemocyanins c. Hemerythrins d. Chlorocrorins e. !yoglobins Answer" e Te#tboo$ Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( p. )1* Bloom+s Category" 1. %emembering ,. Which of the following statements abot hemoglobin is false is false?? a. -t plays a role in C , transport. b. -t plays a role as a pH bffer. bffer. c. -t plays a role in / , transport. d. -t plays a role in , transport. e. -t is affected by temperatre. Answer" c Te#tboo$ Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igm &igment ents( s( pp. pp. )1* )1* ‒ )10 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating 3. Which of the following statements comparing hman adlt and fetal hemoglobin is tre? a. They are e#actly the same. b. 4etal hemoglobin contains one particlar sbnit that lowers its P its P 5 5. c. 4etal hemoglobin contains one o ne particlar sbnit that raises its P its P 5 5. d. All sbnits of fetal hemoglobin are different and reslt in a lower P lower P 5 5. e. All sbnits of fetal hemoglobin are different and reslt in a higher P higher P 5 5. Answer" b Te#tboo$ Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( p. ),5 Bloom+s Category" . E2alation 67. Which of the following statements abot myoglobin is tre? a. -t is an in2ertebrate respiratory pigment.
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
b. -t is a respiratory pigment fond in the red blood cell. c. -t is e#actly li$e hemoglobin bt b t is fond in a different location in the body. bod y. d. -t is a type of fetal hemoglobin. e. -t is a respiratory pigment fond in mscle cytoplasm. Answer" e Te#tboo$ Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( p. ),5 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating . Hemocyanins occr in which wh ich of the following animal grops? a. !ollscs b. Arthropods Arthropods c. Echinoderms d. Both a and b e. All of the abo2e Answer" d Te#tboo$ Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igm &igment ents( s( pp. pp. ),1 ),1 ‒ ),3 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating 6). When the body detects :::::::( ::::::: is secreted to increase the prodction of red blood cells. a. high C, le2els; erythropoeitin b. high C, le2els; myoglobin c. low , le2els; erythropoeitin d. low , le2els; myoglobin e. a low hematocrit; erythropoeitin Answer" c Te#tboo$ Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( p. ),, Bloom+s Category" ,. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),3 Bloom+s Category" 1. %emembering 66666666666*. A respiratory pigment that reires a relati2ely low , partial pressre for loading has ::::::: affinity for ,. a. a low
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
b. a high c. no affinity d. a 2ariable e. an insfficient Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),7 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 0. -n a healthy hman at rest( what is the appro#imate , satration of 2enos blood as it is lea2ing the tisses? a. 155@ b. =@ c. 5@ d. ,@ e. 5@ Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ), Bloom+s Category" ,.
15. The cr2e on the graph a. represents o#ygen deli2ery by hman blood at rest and dring 2igoros e#ercise. b. is a 2ertebrate o#ygen dissociation cr2e. c. is a mammalian o#ygen dissociation cr2e. d. represents the effect of C, on the deli2ery of o#ygen to the tisses. e. represents the increase in o#ygen concentration as blood tra2els to the lngs.
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ), Bloom+s Category" ,. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ), Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 1,. According to the figre( appro#imately how mch more o#ygen is sed by the tisses dring e#ercise compared to at rest? a. 1 m ,155 ml of blood b. 15 m ,155 ml of blood c. 1 m ,g d. 15 m ,g e. m ,g Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ), Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 6613. The 2enos , partial pressre below which aerobic catabolism becomes impaired is $nown as the a. 2enos reser2e. b. minimal 2enos , partial pressre. c. critical 2enos reser2e. d. 2enos threshold. e. critical 2enos , partial pressre. Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),) Bloom+s Category" 1. %emembering 17. Which of the following statements regarding the figre below is false?
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
a. The gray line depicts a pigment showing cooperati2ity. b. The red line depicts a pigment displaying no cooperati2ity. 666666c. The red line cold represent hman hemoglobin. d. Both lines cold represent a respiratory pigment. e. The red line displays a generally higher , affinity compared to the gray line. Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),* Bloom+s Category" . E2alating 1. Which o#ygen dissociation cr2e in the figre below wold represent a di2ing mammal sch as a Weddell seal?
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
a. A b. B c. C d. ' e. E Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),* Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 66661) Which o#ygen dissociation cr2e in the figre wold represent a hypo#ia>adapted species sch as a carp? a. A b. B c. C d. ' e. E Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),* Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
1=. Which o#ygen dissociation cr2e in the figre carries the least amont of o#ygen per nit 2olme of blood? a. A b. B c. C d. ' e. E Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),* Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 1*. ‒ ,5. %efer to the figre below.
666666661*. n the graph( which o#ygen dissociation cr2e represents a 2ery high blood pH e.g.( =.)D? a. A E%F H-GH B' &HD b. B c. C d. ' e. E Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 10. n the graph( which o#ygen dissociation cr2e represents blood with a high C, concentration e.g.( *5 mm HgD? a. A b. B
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
c. C d. ' e. E blood with a high C, concentrationD Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 6666,5. n the graph( which o#ygen dissociation cr2e represents a P 5 of abot 7 $&a? a. A b. B c. C d. ' e. E Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 666666666 Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 6,,. The effect of acid in redcing the affinity of hemoglobin for , is called the ::::::: effect. a. Haldane b. dissociation c. %oot d. Bohr e. Hb ‒ , Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" ,.
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating 6,7. The affinity of hemoglobin for , increases with a. decreasing temperatre. b. decreasing blood pH. c. an increase in C, partial pressre. d. increasing IHJ. e. Both b and d Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( pp. ),0( )3, Bloom+s Category" ,. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )35 Bloom+s Category" ,.
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
,). The pattern of the cr2es in the figre demonstrates the a. %oot effect. b. Haldane effect. c. fi#ed>acid Bohr effect. d. C, Bohr effect. e. temperatre effect on hemoglobin. Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )31 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying ,=. As shown in the figre( the P 5 ::::::: declining pH. a. increases with b. decreases with c. remains constant with d. 2aries dramatically with e. is nrelated to Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )31 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 66666666,*. The %oot effect applies to which of the following physiological mechanisms? a. The nloading of , in mscle tisse b. The inflating of the swim bladder of many fish c. The loading of , at the lngs d. The loading of , at the gills e. The nloading of , in low pH regions of the stomach Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )31 Bloom+s Category" ,. '&G a. increases Hb ‒ , affinity. b. increases the nloading of , at tisses. c. permits increased e#ercise. d. increases the loading of , at the lngs. e. decreases the P 5 of hemoglobin. Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )3, Bloom+s Category" ,.
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
a. impairs , nloading less than it enhances loading. b. impairs , nloading more than it enhances loading. c. enhances , nloading more than it impairs loading. d. enhances , nloading less than it impairs loading. e. impairs , nloading. Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )33 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 31. Which of the following statements abot respiratory pigments is false? a. They aid in the rotine transport of , from the breathing organs to the tisses. b. They ser2e as maKor bffers of blood pH. c. They play critical roles in C, transport. d. They play critical roles in the transport of ntrients. e. They can fnction as , stores in in2ertebrates. Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 37 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating 3,. According to the figre below( which of the statements below is the most accrate?
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
a. , concentrations of arterial blood are in2ersely proportional to swimming speed. b. As , concentrations of blood drop in 2enos blood( swimming speed increases. c. Hypo#ia>adapted fish ha2e a mch lower satration le2el dring e#ercise than other fish do. d. Cold>acclimated fish ha2e a mch lower satration le2el dring e#ercise than other fish do. 6666666666e. As swimming speed increases( the arterial blood remains nearly satrated while the 2enos blood decreases in satration. Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 33. -n octopses( 2enos satration is abot :::::::@ at rest and abot :::::::@ dring e#ercise. a. =; , b. =; 5 c. 35; 35 d. 35; 15 e. 15; 15 Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3 Bloom+s Category" ,.
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3 Bloom+s Category" ,. adapted fish species wold li$ely be ::::::: the P 5 of normo#ic> adapted fish species. a. higher than b. eal to c. lower than d. e#tremely 2ariable compared to e. /one of the abo2e Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3) Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 3). The figre below shows that
a. larger primates ha2e fewer red blood cells than smaller primates do. b. the whole blood of smaller primates has lower , affinity than that of larger primates. c. the whole blood of smaller primates has greater , affinity than that of larger primates. d. larger primates ha2e more red blood cells than smaller primates do. e. the whole blood of smaller primates has the same , affinity as that of larger primates. Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3= Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 3=. The e#posre of Daphnia to ,>poor water for days wold reslt in a. an increase in hemoglobin concentration. b. a change in the globin sbnits prodced. c. a decrease in the P 5 of the blood.
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
d. Both a and b e. All of the abo2e Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( pp. )3= ‒ )3* Bloom+s Category" ,. based respiration. c. the se of another type of respiratory pigment. d. an increased circlation rate. e. a lowering of their metabolic rate( along with general inacti2ity. Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3* Bloom+s Category" . E2alating 30. -n many cases( lowland people who tra2el to an area of high altitde for an e#tended period of time will de2elop a condition $nown as a. polycythemia. b. anemia. c. bradycardia. d. hypotension. e. pleritis. Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 30 Bloom+s Category" ,.
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
Bloom+s Category" ,. acid Bohr c. Haldane d. C, Bohr e. the dissociation Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" Carbon 'io#ide Transport( p. )71 Bloom+s Category" ,.
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
a. rapid anion e#change proteins. b. carbonic anhydrase. c. catalyLed hydration reactions. d. carbamate formation. e. the dissol2ing of C, in plasma. Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" Carbon 'io#ide Transport( p. )7, Bloom+s Category" ,.
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
e. alphastat shifting. Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" Acid ‒ Base &hysiology( p. )7 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying
%hort !nswer &uestions
1. -n what way can hemoglobin be considered an Phonorary enLymeQ? !nswer: %espiratory pigments ha2e been dbbed Phonorary enLymesQ becase many important properties of the respiratory pigments resemble those of enLyme proteins. -n terms of their main respiratory fnctions( they are not enL ymes. Howe2er( sometimes respiratory pigments can act as enLymes. -n mammals( deo#ymyoglobin and deo#yhemoglobin can catalyLe the local formation of nitric o#ide( a critically important signaling compond. Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( pp. )1* ‒ )10; The 4nction of %espiratory &igment in Animals( p. )37 Bloom+s Category" ,. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ), Bloom+s Category" ,. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),=
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
Bloom+s Category" ,. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating ). Compare and contrast the C, Bohr effect and the Haldane effect. !nswer: Both the C, Bohr effect and the Haldane effect ha2e to do with C, and hemoglobin( bt the focs of each effect is different. The C, Bohr effect concerns how C, concentration affects , loading on hemoglobin. Higher C, concentrations case the , affinity for hemoglobin to decrease. The Haldane effect concerns the effect of , concentration on C, loading and nloading. 'eo#ygenation of hemoglobin promotes C, pta$e( whereas o#ygenation promotes C, nloading. Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )35; Carbon 'io#ide Transport( p. )71 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating =. What is nie abot the respiratory pigments and circlatory , transport of the octops? !nswer: The respiratory pigment of the octops is hemocyanin. The main , circlation anomaly is that compared to mammals( octopses ha2 e 2irtally no 2enos reser2e( e2en while at rest. This means that dring e#ercise( o#ygen deli2ery to the tisses can be increased only by an increase in circlation. Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( pp. )3 ‒ )3) Bloom+s Category" ,.
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
primarily in the red blood cell. The anion transporters( primarily the band 3 protein( e#change HC3 ‒ in the cell for Cl ‒ otside the cell in a process $nown as the chloride shift. The entire process is re2ersed at the lng so that C, can be re>formed for e#halation. Te#tboo$ %eference" Carbon 'io#ide Transport( p. )7, Bloom+s Category" ,.
Online &ui' fro Copanion )ebsite
1. Which of the following statements regarding hemoglobin is false? a. -t binds to ,. b. -ts affinity to , can change. c. -t binds to , 2ia wea$( nonco2alent bonds. d. -t is a bffer. e. -t is primarily an enLyme. Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( pp. )1* ‒ )10 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating ,. How many molecles of , does a molecle of 2ertebrate blood hemoglobin normally bind? a. 1 b. , c. 7 d. * e. 15 Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( p. ),5 Bloom+s Category" ,.
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
e. Hemocyanin Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( p. ),, Bloom+s Category" 1. %emembering 7. Which of the following statements abot the for chemical classes of respiratory pigments is tre? a. All are metalloproteins. b. All bind re2ersibly with , at specific ,>binding sites associated with metal ions. c. All share the same heme strctre. d. Both a and b e. Both a and c Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" The Chemical &roperties and 'istribtions of the %espiratory &igments( p. ),3 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating . -n people at rest( the appro#imate , satration of 2enos blood lea2ing the tisses is a. 155@. b. =@. c. ml ,155 ml blood. d. 15 ml ,155 ml blood. e. @. Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ), Bloom+s Category" . Applying ). 'ring e#ercise( the body spplies , to the mscles by a. increasing mscle fiber declination. b. increasing blood flow. c. nloading more , to tisses from hemoglobin. d. Both b and c e. All of the abo2e Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( pp. ), ‒ ),) Bloom+s Category" ,. binding site cooperati2ity is e#pressed sing a mathematical inde# called the a. Bohr effect. b. 4ic$ inde#. c. %oot inde#. d. Haldane constant. e. Hill coefficient.
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),= Bloom+s Category" 1. %emembering *. Which word best describes the mechanism for the steep portion of the o#ygen dissociation cr2e? a. Cooperati2ity b. oading c. Co2alent d. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( pp. ),= ‒ ),* Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 0. The process by which low pH aids in the decreasing affinity of hemoglobin for , is called the ::::::: effect. a. Bohr b. %oot c. Haldane d. hemoglobin>shift e. re2erse Haldane Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" ,. Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. ),0 Bloom+s Category" . E2alating 11. Which of the following does not affect the properties of the , dissociation cr2e? a. Temperatre b. C, c. pH d. ,(3>'&G e. Cardiac otpt Answer" e Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( pp. ),0 ‒ )31
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 1,. Which one of the following has the highest P 5? a. Hemoglobin at a lower>than>normal temperatre( sch as 3SC b. 4etal hemoglobin c. Hemoglobin in a hman residing at a high altitde for three wee$s d. /ormal hman hemoglobin e. Hemoglobin at a higher>than>normal pH( sch as =.) Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( pp. ),0 ‒ )33 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 13. A redction in the amont of , bond to Hb at satration cold be the reslt of the ::::::: effect. a. Bohr b. fi#ed>acid Bohr c. %oot d. Haldane e. re2erse Haldane Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( p. )31 Bloom+s Category" ,. '&G a. increases hemoglobin ‒ , affinity. b. increases the nloading of , at tisses. c. permits increased physical e#ercise. d. increases the loading of , at the lngs. e. inhibits the Haldane effect. Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The ,>Binding Characteristics of %espiratory &igments( pp. )3, ‒ )33 Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 1. 'ring e#ercise( sids and octopses meet their , demand by a. drawing additional , from 2enos reser2e. b. increasing their circlation rate. c. increasing the affinity of hemoglobin for ,. d. decreasing the affinity of hemoglobin for ,. e. means of all of the abo2e processes. Answer" b Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3 Bloom+s Category" ,.
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
a. arger primates tend to ha2e a lower Hb ‒ , affinity. b. 9maller primates tend to ha2e a lower P 5. c. arger primates tend to ha2e a higher P 5. d. 9maller primates tend to ha2e a lower Hb ‒ , affinity. e. /o relationship e#ists between primate siLe and Hb ‒ , affinity. Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" The 4nctions of %espiratory &igments in Animals( p. ) 3= Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 1=. Compared to o#ygenated blood( flly deo#ygenated blood has a. a higher affinity for C,. b. a lower affinity for C,. c. a higher affinity for bicarbonate. d. no difference. e. a lower affinity for ,. Answer" a Te#tboo$ %eference" Carbon 'io#ide Transport( p. )7, Bloom+s Category" 3. Applying 1*. Bicarbonate created from C, in the red blood cell gets into the plasma a. throgh e#clsi2e bicarbonate channels. b. by diffsing across the red blood cell membrane matri#. c. 2ia chloride e#change. d. with the assistance of carbonic anhydrase( which shttles it into the plasma. e. 2ia acti2e transport in e#change for /a. Answer" c Te#tboo$ %eference" Carbon 'io#ide Transport( pp. )7, ‒ )73 Bloom+s Category" ,.
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.
e. law of bffered reactions Answer" d Te#tboo$ %eference" Acid ‒ Base &hysiology( p. )77 Bloom+s Category" 1. %emembering
8 ,51, 9inaer Associates( -nc.