Quranic Arabic Program Level 3: Intermediate Arabic Answers Book Muhammad Mubashir Nazir
At the end of this level, you’ll be able to understand 7580% of Islamic literature in Arabic by using a dictionary, Insha Allah.
www.mubashirnazir.org This book is the beta version of this program. Quality review is in progress. Certain spelling, grammar or language mistakes are possible in this book.
Table of Contents
Description
Page
Introduction
4
Lesson 1A: The Source & the Weight
7
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran
8
Lesson 2A: The Verb, its Types and the Derived Nouns !"# $ "%&' ( )*
24
Lesson 2B: A Collection of Hadith
26
Lesson 3A: The Past Tense: Active Voice + ,-
33
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1
38
Lesson 4A: The Past Tense: Passive Voice 23 ,-
55
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purity 1 4
61
Lesson 5A: The Present & Future Tense: Active Voice + 51 6
76
Lesson 5B: Communication in the Arabic Language
81
Lesson 6A: The Present & Future Tense: Passive Voice 23 51 6
93
Lesson 6B: Quranic Socio-Economic Teachings
99
Lesson 7A: The Groups of 7 ,898 and the Source Noun 1:
110
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary
112
Lesson 8A: Special Forms of Past Tense
127
Lesson 8B: Two Mothers of Believers
131
Lesson 9A: Special Forms of Present & Future Tense
145
Lesson 9B: The Law of Prayer
152
Lesson 10A: Instructing and Forbidding Verbs
163
Lesson 10B: Arabic Idioms
168
Quranic Arabic Program
2
Level 03
Table of Contents
Description
Page
Lesson 11A: The Derived Nouns !"# $= "&% '
174
Lesson 11B: Two Explorers of the Truth
178
Lesson 12A: Further Derived Nouns !"# $= "&% '
192
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis
196
Lesson 13A: Minor and Major Tables %>? %>@A BA
N/A
Lesson 13B: U’mar the Great
211
Lesson 14A: Ghair Munsarif, Huroof Similar to Verbs, Badl & Noun Conditions
224
Lesson 14B: Caliph U’thman & A’li "./ 0 ,-1
228
Lesson 15A: Mansubaat ; <.
242
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting
252
What’s Next?
268
Bibliography
269
Quranic Arabic Program
3
Level 03
Introduction Dear Reader: Assalam o alaikum! Thanks for selecting “Quranic Arabic Program” to learn the Arabic Language. We will take you through a series of lessons. At the end, you will be able to understand the Arabic Language Insha Allah. This program contains an easy approach to learn the Arabic Language. This program covers the language of Islamic Literature but it is name the “Quranic Arabic Program” because the Quran resides at the central position in this program. People learn Arabic Language due to two reasons: To understand the Quran, the Hadith and classic Arabic Literature; or to speak and write in the modern Arabic to communicate with Arabs. This course is targeted towards the former objective. Although people with the second objectives can also get benefit of this program. Due to its systematic nature, Arabic is one of the easiest languages of the world. It has well-defined rules and a developed language structure. If you are familiar with these rules, you can learn this language in a few weeks. To understand the Quran and the Hadith, it is essential to learn the Arabic Language used in the Quran, the Hadith and the Islamic literature. We will focus on its linguistics, philology and figurative speech.
Study Methodology Study Methodology is very simple. Study one lesson daily. Solve all the exercises provided under “Test Yourself”. Do not read the answers before attempting the questions. Once you solve the exercises, compare your answers with the answers provided to you. In a few weeks, you will find that your Arabic Language skills are improving.
The Boxes Following boxes are provided to you for your ready reference. They contain very important information for you. Rule of the Day
Build Your Personality
Grammar and language rules will be provided in this box.
Objective of our course is not only teaching the Quranic Arabic. We are also concerned about transforming our personalities according to Quranic teachings. This box will provide you the tips for Personality Development.
Do you know? Facts about the Arabs, their Language, Islamic literature and history will be provided in this box.
Face the Challenge!
Worth Reading
This box will challenge you which will help you in developing your language skills
Links to good articles will be provided in this box.
Quranic Arabic Program
4
Level 03
Introduction The Program is organized as follows: •
Level 0: The objective of this level is to enable you to read the Arabic script.
•
Level 1: The objective of this level is to enable you to understand the religious Arabic used in the routine life.
•
Level 2: This level is designed to improve your language skills. You learn basic grammar and enhance your vocabulary. After completing this level, you become able to understand 30-40% of the Islamic literature in Arabic by using a dictionary.
•
Level 3: This level enhances your skills further. You read advanced concepts of grammar. Your vocabulary becomes vast. After completing this level, you become able to understand 75-80% of the Islamic literature in Arabic by using a dictionary.
•
Level 4: You complete your studies of Arabic Grammar at this level. At completion of this level, you become able to read 100% of the Islamic literature in Arabic by using a dictionary.
•
Level 5: This is the last level of this program. You study the advanced concepts of “Arabic Eloquence” at this level. At the end of this level, you become able to appreciate the fine rhetorical concepts in the Arabic language. It enables you to understand the Islamic literature in Arabic without consulting a dictionary frequently.
Level 1 – 5 are also divided into two streams. “A” series deal with the rules of Arabic Grammar & Eloquence. Enough exercises are provided to you to learn the Grammar & Eloquence rules. The objective of “B” Series is to build your vocabulary. Passages from the Quran, the Hadith and selected writings of Arab scholars are provided to you. You have to learn the words and styles and then translate the passages into English. You need not to cram these words. The lessons and the exercises are designed in a way that you will automatically learn the grammar rules, words and Arabic styles. At this level, we shall not provide you the answers for the B Series. This program is not designed to teach you day-to-day conversation in the Arabic language. This program is also not designed to teach you how to write in Arabic language. But this program will help you in achieving these two objectives. You need an Arabic speaking environment as well as a teacher to achieve these two objectives. Nevertheless, the program is basically designed to teach you comprehension in the Arabic language.
Ask Your Questions If you are facing difficulty in any lesson, feel free to ask your questions. Send an email at
[email protected]. Feel free to share your views and valuable comments. Scholars of Arabic language are strongly requested to please identify any mistakes in this book. Any constructive criticism will be highly welcomed.
Important Note This book is the beta version of this program. Quality review is in progress. Certain spelling, grammar or language mistakes are possible in this book.
Quranic Arabic Program
5
Level 03
Introduction
Set-up Your Resources Enable the Arabic Language in your computer. Follow these steps: For Windows Vista Users •
Open "Regional and Language Options" from Control Panel
•
Press “Keyboards and Languages” tab.
•
Press “Change keyboards…” button
•
Press “Add” button
•
Select “Input Language: “Arabic“
For Windows XP Users •
Open "Regional and Language Options" from Control Panel
•
Choose Language tab.
•
Check the "Install files for Complex Script and right-to-left languages (Including Thai)".
•
Press Apply to proceed
•
Press Details button.
•
Press Add button.
•
Select the “Arabic (Saudi Arabia)” in Input Language drop down list.
•
Select the default “Arabic (102)” keyboard.
•
Press “OK” and then “Apply”.
The system may ask you to provide Windows CD during this process. Warning: If you are using an unlicensed version of Windows, it may corrupt. Download the following resources from this link to continue this program: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/Courses/Arabic/Level01/AR000-01-Contents-E.htm •
The Holy Quran
•
Arabic Font
•
A Dictionary: Download the Sakhr Arabic-English Dictionary and install it in your computer. After that, do the following steps: •
Open "Regional and Language Options" from Control Panel
•
In Regional Options change the standard format to Arabic (Saudi Arabia), and the location to be Saudi Arabia
•
Press the 'Advanced' card (The third card up) and then change the language to Arabic (Saudi Arabia), then ok and restart your computer.
•
Check that Sakhr Dictionary is working.
•
Go back to the Regional Settings and change the settings to your normal settings.
Quranic Arabic Program
6
Level 03
Lesson 1A: The Source & the Weight The Result
Now compare the source identified by you with the following. Each word carried four marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test. “N/A” is written if the word which does not exist is Arabic. The B
" is in red color, the " 5 is blue and the " 2
is green. All other letters which are not from the
source are depicted in black color.
Derived Words
2J F#
the
done task
the
He does
Doer
Opener
thing raised
N/A
P G 1 * Reader
He reads
Raiser The
going person
The sent item The
M J / < Sender
benefit itself
Benefited
N/A N/A
KG 1 Bower
Maker
Quranic Arabic Program
$U *
Reading
$1Y
K 1
Raising
5B1
Going
XL
He went
M J ?% E
M <
Sending
He sent
K F .% E
K F
He benefits
D <Q# E
He
He slaughters
D <L K 1
Slaughtered
C L
Bowing down
He bowed
R 3 % E
I
He makes
He made
7
S5 5B
slaughtered
K % E
25B
Benefiting
He benefited
He bows
J / I
C;B
O N L
He goes
D G < L Slaughterer
Opening
He raised
O N Q# E
KG
C G <Q
slaughtered animal
K % E
He sends
5 G FR .
D He read
He raises
O G N L
Doing
He opened
$= # E
KG 1
S J ?
The
He opens
5 G R %
The
D G F# E
He did
D G H
$T #
read book
R F# E
J /
C G F Opened item
Meaning
Making
5W1 25V
Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran The Result: Calculate your score. Each paragraph carries 10 mark. If your score is less than 80%, repeat the exercise. Text in parenthesis [ ] is the information not describe in the original Arabic text but its sense is understood. It will help you in understanding the coherence of the Arabic text.
V? 1& – 85
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
.....a ! % :a N b ..... /% " # + % ># .....V ?# ; L $ ") .....G b f . g% " # < R F# E / Z% N .....G *R >% / Z% N L# e ..... R* # ; L 1 . ..... :c% '= dA % *R .....:G >b $a ,% b jR / ( k 1% 'U ; " ) l # ( PQ .....: >"d # h Eh # ( < . g% E # ie Z% .% " Z% ; d R" / . n \ EQ e .....m E d # Q/ Z% Z . I Q/ Z% <E Z% Z8R ; . g% " # f . g% " # . \ EQ e .....o ?p # % F # l L 1 %'U d % H \% P%3H ; G .I .....: EE " 2J .....: >3" # t % # RL ..... # 1 RF@ # N .....: >E s : ?% E N ( e .....:G E:! l q<1 r 4# < e This Heaven with its forts [whose observation posts are ever watching over you], and the promised day [which is an evidence upon itself], and every one who sees [this world with an observant eye], and whatever he is seeing -- all of these bear witness [that the Day of Judgment is bound to come. So doomed are the companions of the fuel-filled ditch of fire when they sat on it [in Hell] such that they are [now] seeing [with their very eyes the consequences of] what they had been doing with the believers [in this world]. And [the fact is that] they [-- the disbelievers –] became their enemies merely because they believed in Allah, the Mighty, the Praiseworthy, to whom belongs the kingdom of the Heavens and the earth, and [they should well know and so should the believers that] Allah is watching every thing. These people who persecuted these believing men and women and never repented, for them is the punishment of Hell, and the torment of burning. [On the other hand], these people who remained steadfast to their faith and did righteous deeds, for them are the gardens of Paradise in which rivers flow. This, in fact, is supreme success. Severe indeed is the grip of your Lord. [So O Prophet! They must not have any misconception.] He alone begins and [when this is a fact then] He alone will bring back. He is all-Forgiving [if they repent]. All-Loving, Lord of the throne, the Exalted, the [absolute] Doer of what He intends.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Grip
r 4# <
Sitting
He begins
s : ?% E : >E
He brings back
I vow, I present it as an evidence
Observers
G b
One having something
They became enemies
"
Observation posts, plural of V<
#
They persecuted
Glorious, Exalted
: >3" #
They did not repent
; L V ?# /% " #
<E Z%
Observed
a ! %
m Ed #
: EE "
Success
% F # 8
Promised
Burning
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
.
2J
Doer
Explanation
G *R
Loving, Affectionate
What He decides
Word
Ditch (full of fire) Fuel
:c% '= R* # Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran .....:G >3 J n%*R N # < ..... J >d Z% } 1 \% ( .....O a EQp# H , F \ EQ # < ..... "8 % / % ..... .3 # M R E:[ W H # N . a RFd % C a % , Has the story of the forces reached you [who were overcome with similar arrogance]? Of the forces of Pharaoh and the Thamud. [Then, is this something to be denied. No! Certainly not!] In fact, these disbelievers have decided that they will continue to deny. And the fact is that Allah is surrounding them from all sides. [This is not something to be denied]. In fact, this is the Glorious Quran [secure from the tampering of the devils]. It is [inscribed] in a preserved tablet.
Y1 4 1& v86
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
.....m c Z R ){ % |R .># .....x J [ >% / " y a F# z R # e .....O * w Z 3 % . .....Y 1 4 W 1% .....Y 1 4 $ ") i a *R \% ( " ..... } ) ?% H + % E .....1G ( I% 1 / ( e .....O } O # ~ \ >% < \% V % E .....ma $a \% m c .....a A ..... :%> : > ..... :%> :>pE Z% e ....2 h% # < N .....J % 2J % ( e .....5 :% ; L k 1% 'U .....K I% ; L $ ") . :%E 1 Z% # % \ E p# # q" This Heaven [which encompasses you from all sides], and those also which come in the night [which are persistently watching over you] -- And what do you understand what those who come in the night are? shinning stars -- they bear witness that every soul has a guardian over it. [Still they say that their Allah will not raise them up one day]. Then let man reflect from what he has been created. From a spurting fluid that comes out from between the bones of the back and the chest. [He should behold that if His Lord can create him in such a manner, then] surely, He is capable of creating him again. On the day, when secrets of the hearts are scrutinized. Then, neither will be have any power nor will be have any helper. And this sky, when rain bursts forth from it and [as a consequence of which] this earth splits asunder [at the sprouting of the vegetation], bear witness that this is [Our] decisive word [about the Day of Judgment]. It is no jest. [About this day O Prophet!] they are scheming a plot [by making fools out of the people] and I am also scheming a plan [that I catch them when they are left with no excuse]. So leave these disbelievers [O Prophet!], leave them a while.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Secrets, plural of &
} )
Star
Splitting
5 :%
Shining
Decisive
J %
Jest, joke The scheme
Word
Z 3 % . O * w
Explanation Armies An ancient nation of Arab
Word
.3 # "8
Guard
x J [
Denying
O a EQp# H
2 h% #
He should see
% |R .>#
Their back
Z% } 1
:>pE
It was created
m c
Surrounding
J >d
ma
Tablet, Slab
C a %
A plot (to deceive)
:%>
Spurting, gushing out
Give time!
# q
Back bones
O # ~
Protected
a RFd %
Chest
O }
One coming at night
Y 1 4
Give them time!
Z% # %
A while
Quranic Arabic Program
:%E 1
?% H
It is / will be tested
9
You perceived
W 1% Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran
/' 1& v87
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
.....
[% $ wR ( 3 ...../% " # V c% PQ .....
: 1 :* PQ .....
) m c PQ ...../% 'U l q<1 Z &% D % q?& .....
# jQ % F # e % jQ .....
) % ># W q)> .....F % E % 3 # Z % E ( e ....( $U b ie .....).H 9 l }R # .& ..... >d % E i > ; "E i Z8R .....
?% pR # 1 . % E PQ ..... b% 'U ?.3 E .....! % E \% Q>& d ~ ,F QN e ..... <% G >% c R c ..... >%~: >d # 8g% H # < ..... ( q<1 Z &% L .....h H \% D # :% * .& Z >N <%e d A .....=' Glorify the name of your Lord, most high [O Prophet], Who created [all things], then perfected [them], and Who set their destinies [for them], then [accordingly] showed them the way [to follow], and Who brought forth vegetation, then made it dark-colored husk. [In a similar manner, this divine revelation will also gradually reach its end, then] soon We shall [finally] recite it to you, then you will not forget it except what Allah pleases. Indeed, He knows what is manifest [before you] at this time and also what is hidden [from you]. And [in a similar way], We shall lead you [from these difficulties] towards ease. So, remind them, if reminding be profitable. Those who fear [Allah] will take heed soon, and these wretched [people], they will avoid it. They who will enter the Great Hellfire. They will neither die nor remain alive at that time]. However, successful shall be he who purified [himself, and for this] he remembered his Lord’s name, then prayed. No, [you do not have any argument against it O People!] but give preference to this worldly life [in spite of the fact] that the life to come is better and more lasting, [and then this is not something new]: It is written in the earlier scriptures as well – the scriptures of Abraham and Moses.
Explanation
Word % E
He will burn Great He will not die He will not remain alive
?% pR # ; "E i
>d % E i D #
He became successful
h H
He purifies himself You prefer
8g% H
The most lasting
<%
Earlier scriptures
=' d ~
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Word
He hides, he conceals
F % E
We will make easy for you Easy Remember (Allah)
D % q?&
W q)>
He perfected
&
) % >#
He planned
% jL
# jQ
Remembering
Word
Glorify!
% F
It benefits
Explanation
Pasture, vegetation Husk Having dark color
1 :* /% " # $ wR
[%
Soon he will heed the reminder
Q>&
We shall soon make you recite
He avoids it
?.3 E
You will forget
).H
Wretched, miserable
b% 'U
Open, clear
% 3 #
10
l }R # .&
Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran
>b @ 1& v88
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
+G Z% y >% .....a >n \a >% / \% ) % H ..... > [ 1 % H .....J ?A J / .....J b c Qa % E XG I ..... >b @# M R E:[ W H # N
> K " ) % H i .....a > / a .I , .....J > 1 >% ) .....J " / Qa % E XG I .....5 a I \% ,.@% E i \ " ) % E i .....Ka E \% ie .....J 8Rw?% ~,< 1 .....J RF % Y 1 " .....J / -% G # .....J / R% 1G & > .....J E1 I \G >% / > ..... > i >% k 1% 'U e ..... % ? >% 2 ?3 # e ..... % 1 >% $ ") e ..... % c >% <{ e |R .% E 9 ..... % d 4 & e Z8R .....Z% < Ee .>% e e ..... ?# 'U Q # ( ( <jQ > ..... F H \% ie .....a 4 >% ) " < Z% >% / ) % .....G jQ % "e % jQ .Z% < )[ .>% / Has the news of the great calamity reached you [O Prophet!] which will over spread [the whole world]? Many a face on that day will be downcast, worn out, exhausted. They will enter the blazing fire. They will be given to drink from a seething spring. Their only food will be thorny dry grass, which will neither nourish them nor satisfy their hunger. [On the other hand], many a face on that day will be radiant, pleased with their endeavors in a lofty garden. They will hear no absurd talk there. In it will be a running spring. In it there will be high thrones, and goblets set forth, and carpets arranged, and cushions spread all over. [If they do not believe] , then do they not see the camels, How they have been made? And do they not behold the sky, How it has been raised high? And do they not look at the mountains, How they have been set firm? And do they not see the earth, How it has been spread out. [If they do not believe in spite of this], then just go on reminding them [O Prophet!]. Your duty is only to remind them; you are not to force them. [Those who take heed will definitely believe in it]. As for those who turn away and reject [it], Allah will inflict on them that great punishment [the punishment of Hell]. Indeed, then to Us will they return. Then it is upon Us to call them to account. Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
J 8Rw?% ~,< 1
Hunger
5 a I
Over-shadowing, calamity
>b @#
She-camels
<{
Radiant
J " /
Fearing
J b c
It is raised
% 1
Their effort
>% &
Worn out
J /
Mountains
2 ?3 #
Pleased, happy
J > 1
Exhausted
J ?A
It is set firmed
% ?
High
a > /
Blazing
> [
It is spread out
% d 4 &
Absurd, useless
> i
They will be given to drink
) % H
Running
J E1 I
Boiling spring
Spread over carpets
One who reminds One who forces to do something He turns away Their returning place
G jQ a 4 >% ) H Z% < Ee
Quranic Arabic Program
J / R% 1G &
Raised couches
J / -% G #
Drinking glass placed
J RF % Y 1 "
Arranged cushions
11
Thorny bitter food It will not give nourishment It will not satisfy
a >n \a >% / Ka E \ " ) % E i ,.@% E i Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran
3F 1& v89
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
l ~<1 >%
H Z% .....a 3 % [ PQ ZG ) * l L , # N ..... ) % E Le >% ..... H% # K F# ! .....a ! % / 2a > ..... 3 % F # ..... H% 'U PL % / % .....P # < % < I \ EQ "8 ..... 9?# , R w# m% % E Z% , ..... " # ; L + 1 e .....a < ..... a Q/ % & l ~<1 Z% >% / O ..... )F # > w# ..... 9?# , %@ \ EQ ,q<1 2R R > ( * % 1 ( >% / 1 : X 9<% Le .....\ # ,q<1 2R R > ( " ( # ( ~<1 X 9<% Le R ){ ..... A% " # ? l <1 e
?[ 2 "# ~?d H ..... " 9 # S ~ RR # H .....f p ) % " # + / ~- dH i .....Z >># p# H i < 9 .....\ N ..... "I .....
# jQ ( R )%{ Q E Qa % E Z . 3 < Qa %E $U ,I ..... FA FA l " # l ~<1 $U I ..... k 1% 'U % Le 9 .....,H >d % :* ,.>% E 2R R E The dawn bears witness, and [every] ten nights [of the moon], and the even and odd [month in which it completes its course], and the night [also] when it departs [that the dawn of the Day of Judgment is certain to come and this world of yours is, gradually, reaching its end]. Is there in this an evidence for the sensible? Did you not see how your Lord dealt with [the people of] Aad - The Iram of the pillars who had no parallel in the world. And with the Thamud who carved huge rocks in the valley? And with the Pharaoh, he of the tent-pegs [to crucify.] All of these people were rebellious to Allah in their lands and spread evil therein. So your Lord let loose on them the scourge of His punishment. [For these rebellious people], verily, your Lord is waiting in ambush. But as for man, when his Lord tests him by honoring him and bestowing favors on him, he says puffed up `My Lord has exalted me'. But when He tests him restricting his subsistence for him, he says `My Lord has humiliated me'. [No this is not so] certainly not! in fact, [this is to test you and] you do not honor the orphans and do not urge each other to feed the poor and greedily lay hands on the inheritance [of the weak] and become mad with the love of wealth. [Man thinks that he will not be held accountable for this attitude]. Certainly not! He should remember when the earth shall be pounded even, and your Lord shall manifest Himself such that the angels will stand in rows [before Him] and Hell shall be brought near. On that Day, man shall come to understand. But then what will this understanding avail him? He will say `Ah! Would that I had done something for this life! Explanation
Word
He humiliated me
\ N
You don’t respect
p# H i
You urge Inheritance
~- dH S ~
"I
Much
Explanation One having nails, the one who used to crucify
Word
H% 'U PL %@
They transgress
)F #
Disorder
ZG ) *
One having wisdom
a 3 % [ PL
You’ve not seen
H Z%
An ancient nation of Arab
+ 1 e a /
X 9<%
FA FA
He blessed him
( "
Quranic Arabic Program
) % E
% &
He tested him
% :*
It departs
Scourge, whip
I have sent
H% # K F# !
Oath, evidence
To pound even
,.>% E
Even & odd numbers
2a >
OA
%
Ah! Alas!
Nights, plural of >
Word
He let loose
It was pounded
Organized in rows
Explanation
A% " #
Waiting in ambush
\ #
He gave me respect
( >% / 1 : *
He restricts his sustenance
12
Pillars, plural of :G " /
" #
They carved
< I
Rock
% Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran ,c % ....P ?/ , ,c % .... > % > 1 l q<1 e ,I 1% .....R ." 4# " # y F# . E E .....:G [ ( * 8 m 8E i .....:G [ ( < Q/ jQ E i Qa % > .,.I On that Day, none shall punish as He [ --- thy Lord --- ] punishes and none shall bind as He binds. [To the others He shall say]: O you whose heart remained content [with his Lord in times of comfort and distress] return unto your Lord, such that He is pleased with you and you are pleased with Him. [Return] and enter among My servants and enter My Paradise.
:? 1& v90
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
i p# N% 2R R E .....:G [ ( >% / 1 : # E \% # O ) d % E .....:a ? , ){ .# c :% .....: :a .....: ?# Q < [ % .....: ?# Q < Z ) *# R i .....:G [ X E Z% # O ) d % E ..... :?R .....\ E%: 3 % . X .E%: N .....\ >% F b ) .....\ >% .>% / ( # 3 % Z% .....a < % L .>p) % % .....a < # L ">E .....a ?@ ) % PL +a % E , +G # e % .....a ?* 1 ~l .....R ? # W 1% ..... ? # Z d *# 9 1G Z% >% / ..... ! % " # dA % Z% N .H E< F \EQ ..... ." >% " # dA % l % R ..... " [ % " # < %A H ?% < %A H . n \ EQ \% Z8R .J : A g% I call to witness just this city --- [and this city is not unknown to you], you are its inhabitant --- and [I call to witness] the father [Abraham] and his progeny [who settled in this city] that We created man [in this valley] into a [life of] toil and struggle. [Now when he is leading a life of affluence] does he think that no one has power over him? [When he is asked to spend] he says I have thrown away a lot of money. Does he think that no one has seen him? Have We not given him two eyes [that he could see the deprived] and a tongue and two lips [that he could urge others to do good]? and not shown him the two ways [that he could understand the good and the evil? But he did not benefit from these] nor did he attempt the steep path. And what do you understand what this steep path is? [It is] the freeing of a slave or feeding, in days of famine, of an orphan near of kin or an indigent [down] in the dust. Then he be of those who accept faith and who counsel one another to remain steadfast [on it] and who counsel one another to be sympathetic [to others]. These are the fortunate. And those who deny our revelations, it is they who are the unfortunate. The Fire shall close in on them. Explanation Freeing slaves Feeding Having famine, shortage of food
Word
Explanation
a ?* 1 ~l +G # e a ?@ ) % PL
Word
Explanation
Word
He considers, he perceives
O ) d % E
He binds
m 8E
I have lost
p# N%
His binding
( * 8
:?R
A lot of
Satisfied heart
R ." 4# " #
Relative
a < # L
He has not seen
X E Z%
Return
,I 1%
Having poverty
a < % L
Two eyes, (>.wH of f/
\ >% .>% /
He is pleased with you
> 1
Sympathy, being merciful
" [ % " #
Two lips, (>.wH of J F b
\ >% F b
You are pleased with Him
> %
Right side
." >% " #
Left side
! % " #
He passed through
Z d *#
Allowed, citizen
[
Closed, encircled
J : A g%
The steep valley, something difficult to do
? #
A condition of binding & struggle
:a ?
Quranic Arabic Program
Two high ways, (>.wH of : G3
13
\ E%: 3 % .
I swear, I present as an evidence
Z ) *# R i
Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran
y"! 1& v91
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
y a F# ..... N d k 1% 'U ..... N .< $ ") ..... N !@% E Le >% ..... N9I Le 1 . ..... N9H Le " # ..... N d y "% ! ..... N & \% c :% * ..... N \% D # :% * ..... N # H N1 3R " # ..... N & i ..... N ) Z% ?%Q < Z% ~<1 Z% >% / + : % : N X <Qp ..... N ># & ( * ( 2R &1 Z% 2 ..... N b% M ?% L# e ..... N @% 4 < "8 % <Q . N ?# / B E The sun bears witness and its ascent and the moon when it follows it, and the day when it [the sun] illuminates it, and the night when it enshrouds it, and the sky and its [wondrous] make, and the earth and its [wide] expanse [that if this world exists, the next world also does.] And the soul bears witness and the perfection given to it. Then inspired it with its evil and its good that he succeeded who purified it and he failed who corrupted it. The Thamud denied [their Prophet] in their rebellious pride when their most wretched person rose against him. The Prophet of Allah then warned them of the she-camel of Allah and her turn [to drink]. But they rejected him and cut its legs; so because of this crime, their Lord let lose His scourge upon them and razed their city to the ground. And He had no fear of its consequences.
> 1& v92
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
X q)>.) ......) %d # < Y :A ..... H 4/% \% .....! Z% pR >% & e .....w%'= Q m c .....3 H Le 1 . .....!@% E Le >% .....
) % ># The night when it darkens bears witness and the day when it brightens and the creation of the male and the female species also [that if this world exists, the next world also does and] whatever you do [in this world] shall necessarily have different results in the next. So, he who gave in the way of Allah and was God-fearing and believed in the good outcome [in the Hereafter], We shall, indeed, take him to [a fate] of delight. Explanation
He smashed
Word
+ : %
Explanation
Word
Explanation
He purified it
N
Its brightness
Word
N d
Its consequences, its aftermath
N ?# /
He failed
c
It follows it
N9H
It brightens, it illuminates
3 H
He corrupted it
N &
Day
1 .
She (they) denied
% <Q
It (the sun) illuminates it
N9I
b
Transgression, rebellious pride
N @%
It (darkness) covers it
N !@% E
He gave (for Allah’s sake)
4/%
He rose, he came forward
M ?%
Its construction, its make
He testified
Y :A
Their most wretched person
N b%
Its expanse, its wide spread area
N d
( *
He perfected it, He leveled it to ground
N &
" #
Your efforts Various, different
Z% pR >% &
Good (outcome of Hereafter)
.) % d #
Allah’s she-camel
We shall soon make it easy
X q)>.&
Its turn to drink
N ># &
He inspired it
They cut its legs
N /
Its evil
Quranic Arabic Program
14
N .<
N1 3R Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran
. e .....
: # .>% / e .....
H Le ( R ( .% / ,.@% E .....
) % # X q)>.) ......) %d # < Q ......@% &% < \% .....| H 1 Z% pR H1% Q % .....=' c ..... H%'U ?.3 >& ..... H Q PQ ..... b% 'U ie N9%E i .-% E B % ) ...../% 'U ( q<1 ( I% $U @<% ie .....
h3 % H a " % \% X : .% / :a [ 'U .....h E ( ,Hg% E PQ And he who was a miser and was indifferent and belied the good outcome [in the Hereafter], We shall, indeed, take him to [a fate] of affliction. What will his wealth avail him when he plunges into the Pit? It is for Us to give guidance and verily, this world and the next are under Our control. So, [O People of Mecca!] I have warned you of the raging Fire. Only this most wretched leader [of yours] shall enter it; who denied and turned away. And [Our Prophet] --- the most god-fearing shall be kept away from it, who spends his wealth to purify his soul, and does not confer favors on anyone for recompense but only to seek the countenance of his Lord, Most High. Soon [O People!] he shall prosper [from the favors of his Lord].
d6 1& v93
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
.....-% l ~<1 l >4% E B % ) .....=' \% l G >% c R c .....* l ~<1 l / .....3& Le >% .....d~6
.....% .% H 9 } ) .....% # H 9 Z >># ......# 9 } / W : I .....
: i - W : I .....
">E W :% 3 E Z% .S # q:d l q<1 " % .< The day bears witness when it brightens and the night when it spreads its darkness [that sorrow and joy are also needed to train and discipline a person. So O Prophet!] your Lord has neither abandoned you nor is he displeased with you and the days to come shall be a lot better for you than these initial ones. Very soon shall your Lord give you [so much that] you shall be pleased. Did He not find you an orphan and gave you shelter ? And found you wandering and guided you ? and found you in need and [gave you the contentment of heart and thus] enriched you ? So, treat not the orphan with harshness and scold not the one who asks and proclaim this favor [of Guidance] the Lord has given you. Explanation You will become happy He has not found you
Word
-% H W :% 3 E Z%
Explanation
Word
He gives / will give
,Hg% E
Explanation He became miser
He purifies
h E
He became indifferent
h3 % H
Affliction, hard time
A place to lodge, shelter
n
It will be rewarded
Wandering
i -
Seeking
Needy
9 } /
He becomes happy
-% E
I warn you
3&
It blazed
$U @<%
Don’t treat with harshness
% # H i
It spreads its darkness
Don’t scold
% .% H i
He abandoned you
Proclaim!
S # q:[
l /
He became displeased
l >4% E
He will give you
Quranic Arabic Program
*
15
He doomed, he falls into a hole
He will not reach it
Word
< .@% &%
) % #
H Z% pR H1% Q % | H
N9%E i
He will be kept away from it
?.3 E
More or the most God-fearing
H%'U Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran
C % ! 1& v94
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
.....W # L l .% 1 .....W % PQ .....W 1 % l ./ .% .....W 1 :% A l C % ! % Z% ..... %)E ) % # K e ..... %)E ) % # K .O % 1% l q<1 e .....O % # L Have We not opened up your heart for you? and relieved you of the burden which weighed your back? and for your sake exalted your fame? Therefore, with this difficulty [which you are now facing O Prophet!] there is a great ease [which awaits you]. With this difficulty, there is a great ease [which awaits you]. So, when you are free [from this task], labor hard [in worship] and seek your Lord with all fervor.
\%>q 1& v95
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
.....f 'U : ?# QN .....f .>& 1 R ..... E%h f q .....f & F &% X % 1 Z8R .....a # H \ ) [% , ){ .# c :% .f " d# Z p [% < ( y >% .....\ Eq: < : % < l <jQp E " .....a ."% >% G I% Z% ; d R" / . n \ EQ ie The mount of Figs and the mount of Olives bear witness and [so does] the mount of Sinai and this secure city of [yours] that We have created man in the best of moulds [as regards his purpose]. Then, We reverted him to the lowest [state] when/as he himself wanted to become low. Save those who accepted faith and did righteous deeds. For them shall be a reward unending. Now [O Prophet!] what is it that denies you about the Day of Judgment? [Ask them] is not Allah the best of Judges?
Explanation
Word
Mount Sinai, the starting point of Judaism
f .>& 1 R a # H
Form, mould We reverted him The lowest of the low Unending The Best Judge of all judges
X % 1 f & F &%
a ."% Z p [% f " d#
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
C % ! % Z%
Difficulty
) % #
He has not opened
You became free
#
He relieved you
Work hard
O %
Your weight
W 1 %
Turn your attention
O % 1%
It weighed
Your back
W %
Fig & olive, it indicates “the land of figs & olives” i.e. Jerusalem, the starting point of Christianity
16
f q E%h
We raised, We exalted
l ./ .%
.% 1 Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran
m # R 1 & v96
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
.....Z% % E Z% ){ Z / .....Z # < Z / PQ .....+ # 'U l ~<1 # *# .....ma / \% ){ m c .....m c PQ l q<1 Z &% < # *# # e E%1 .....A Le :%?/ ......% E PQ E%1 .....I% ~ l q<1 e e ......@% &% X n1 # .....@4# > ){ e 9 ..... >A . < K F ) % . ( .% E Z% \% 9 .....
E ( < Z% % E Z% ..... H Q # e E%1 .....
# < % .....
: # / . % *# :% 3 &% ( % 4 H i 9 ..... > <h 5 :% .& .....(E 5 :% ># .....a c a <L a >A Read out to them [O Prophet!] in the name of your Lord who created --- created man from a clot of congealed blood. Read out to them and the fact is that your Lord is the most Bounteous who taught [this Qur’ān] by the pen [in which] He gave man that knowledge which he knew not. [Whatever vain talk they indulge in against it is baseless O Prophet!] Certainly not: Verily man is rebellious as he considers himself self-sufficient [in wealth]. [Let him think so] for verily to His Lord will he [one day] return. Have you seen him who forbids a servant [of Allah] when he prays. Just consider if this [servant] of [Ours] is on the right path or urges [others] to piety then ... ! Just see if this [wretched] person denied and turned away then ... ! Does he not know that Allah is observing [him]? [This is nothing], Certainly not! [O Prophet!] if he desists not We shall drag him by the forelock, a lying sinful forelock. Then let him call his help-mates. We shall summon Our guards. Certainly not! heed him not and bow down in prostration and draw near [Me].
1 :% # 1& v97
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
\% Z% q<1 L# < > C ~ R p }9"# 2R h.H.....a % b # \% G >% c 1 :% # R >% .....1 :% # R >% W 1% .....1 :% # >% , X .#h e ..... 3 % F # K 4# [ , N +G 9& .....a % jR Indeed, We revealed this [Qur’ān] in the night in which fates are decided . And what do you know what this night of decisions is? Better is the night of decisions than a thousand months. Therein descend the angels and the Spirit by the permission of their Lord [with commands] in all affairs. Peace it is till the rising of the dawn.
Explanation Don’t follow him
Word
( % 4 H i
Explanation
Word
\%
If
Explanation Read
# *# ma /
Become close
% *#
He does not abstain
( .% E Z%
Clot of congealed blood
We revealed it, We sent it down
X .#h
We shall drag
K F ) % .
The Most Bounteous
1 :% # >%
Forehead
a >A
He taught with the pen
2R h.H
Mistaken
a c
Definitely he rebels
The night of planning She / They come down The Holy Spirit Permission
C ~ L# e
+ # 'U Z # < Z / @4# >
He should call
5 :% >#
He became indifferent
.@% &%
Helpmates
(E
He forbids
.% E
He sees
E
Peace
+G 9&
We shall soon call / summon
Rising (of dawn or sun)
K 4#
Angels of punishment
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
17
5 :% .& > <h
Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran
.q>? 1& v98
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
O G R > ..... 4 FdA R% E ( \% 2J &1 .....R .q>?# Z% >H# H [ f jpF . f ! % " # p # N% \% F \ EQ \% pR E Z% "> E $U F.[ \ Eq: ( f % ( :?% > ie R .....R .q>?# Z% H%$U I : % < \% ie p # HR \ EQ Y FH .....J " q>* ~b Z% N l % R > \ E: c Z . I 1 , f ! % " # p # N% \% F \ EQ e ..... " q> # \ E l L h Hg% E 9 1 %'U d % H \% P3 % H a :% / ; .I Z% q<1 : .% / Z% N hI ..... E ?# >% c Z% N l % R ; d R" / . n \ EQ e ..... E ?# .( <1 , ! c \% " l L ( .% / -1 Z% .% / ( , 1 :< > \ E: c Those among the People of the Book and the Idolaters [of the Quraysh] who have denied [the Qur’ān] shall not desist from their stubbornness until [according to their wish] there comes to them a clear sign -- that is a messenger from Allah [descending from the heavens] reciting purified pages in which [are written] clear directives [for them]. The truth is that [those among them] who were given the Book [before] became divided only after such a clear sign had come to them. And [in this Book also] they had been directed to worship Allah, obeying Him exclusively with sincere devotion and to establish prayers and to pay zakat [and the truth is that] this is the religion of the Upright Nation. Those among the People of the Book and the Idolaters [of the Quraysh] who [in this way] have denied [the Qur’ān] shall, indeed, forever dwell in the fire of Hell [because of this attitude]. They are the worst of creatures. [On the other hand], those who embraced faith and did righteous deeds, they, indeed, are the best of creatures. Their reward with Allah is the Gardens of Eden beneath which rivers flow. They will abide there forever. Allah is well pleased with them and they with Him. This is the reward for him who feared the Lord [without seeing Him].
hh 1& v99
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
[% l <1 < ..... N1 ?c% S R q:d H Qa % E ..... R ){ 2 * ..... 8# k 1% 'U % I c% ..... h# k 1% 'U % h # Le .XE b a 1L 2 w# # " % E \% .....XE %>c a 1L 2 w# # " % E \% " .....Z% "/% % > H b% . 1 : % E Qa % E..... [They should remember the Day] when the earth is shaken the way it should be shaken, and it casts forth its burdens. And man shall cry out: `what is the matter with her?' On that Day, she will narrate all her story at the intimation of your Lord. On that Day, men will issue forth alone so that their deeds can be shown to them Then whoever has done the smallest bit of good he also shall see it, and whoever has done the smallest bit of evil, he also shall see it. Explanation
Word
Explanation
E ?# ~b
One who desist
f jpF .
The best of the creatures
E ?# >% c
It comes to them
Z% >H# H
Z% N hI
A clear evidence
R .q>?#
They recite
R% E
Devoted, plural of >.[
What happened to it?
The worst of the creatures
N1 ?c% S R q:d H
He revealed
[%
Their reward
It will be brought out
1 : % E
Eden
Scattered
H b%
For ever
So that they see their deeds
Z% "/% % >
Equal to the weight of a grain He will see
Quranic Arabic Program
a 1L 2 w# XE
Word
\% pR E Z%
8#
$U F.[
Explanation He was not
Its weights
It will describe its information
Word
a :% / :<
They are happy with Him
( .% / -1
Purified Established directives
J " q>* Y F H
It was shaken
% h #
They divided into sects
Its shaking
h#
Sincere
18
4
f % Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran
; E 1& v100
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
.....G .p ( q< ){ e ..... %"I ( < \ 4# & ..... # ( < % 8 ..... d%?A ; o@ " # ..... [%:* ; E1 "# ..... d%? ; E # .....:G E:! >% # qOd ( e .....:G >! l L / ( e .o G ? Qa % E Z% < Z% <1 e .....1 :~ , q[ .....1 ?R # , w% < Le Z % E 9 Gasping galloping horses, then striking fire with their hooves, then raiding at dawn, then blazing a trail of dust in it and penetrating with it into a throng -- they bear witness that [this] man [living in the peaceful surroundings of the Baytullah] is very ungrateful to his Lord. And to this attitude, he himself is a witness. And mad is he in the love of wealth. Is he not aware of the time when graves are laid open and whatever is in the hearts is taken out. Indeed, on that Day, your Lord shall be well aware [of all their deeds].
/1 1& v101
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
.....t RF."# \ % # 2R ?3 # R RpH .....S Rw?% " # t F # . R RpE + % E .....R / 1 # W 1% .....R / 1 # .....R / 1 # .....a > 1 a ! >/ , .....( .E % R 8 \% .J > [ 1G .....(% >N W 1% .....J E N ( ~R .....( .E % Fc \% That Pounding One! What is that Pounding One?! What do you imagine what the Pounding One is? On that Day, people shall be like moths scattered about and mountains like carded wool. Then whose scales are heavy shall dwell in bliss and whose scales are light, the abyss shall be his abode. and what do you understand that is!? Blazing Fire.
Face the Challenge! Identify the verbs with past, present and future tense in this lesson.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Scattered moths
S Rw?% " # t F #
They reach at the middle
Carded colorful wool
t RF."# \ % #
Collectively
%"I
Snorting, gasping
Ungrateful, thankless
G .
Striking fire
His scale was heavy
( .E % R 8
A life with happiness
a > 1 a ! >/
It will be opened, disarranged
His scale was light
( .E % Fc
Graves, plural of
His dwelling place
( ~R
( < \ 4# &
Explanation
w% < ¡*
It will be collected
A deep place
J E N
Chests, plural of 1:A
Blazing
J > [
The Big Explosion
Quranic Arabic Program
19
Fast moving horses
From their hooves
1 ?R #
Raiding
q[
At morning (dawn)
1 :~ R / 1 #
They leave A trail of dust
Word
; E #
d%? ; E1 "#
[%:* ; o@ " #
d%?A ( < % 8
# Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran
8 p 1& v102
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
% .....f ># Z # / " % H % 9 ..... " % H B % & 9 Z8R ..... " % H B % & 9 ..... < " # Z% H1% [ ..... 8R p Z% R # .Z >. \% / Qa % E \R) % Z8R ..... f ># \ >% / % Z8R ..... Z >d3 # The greed for abundance has distracted you until you reached the graves. [O people! this is nothing] Nothing indeed! You shall soon come to know! Again [listen! this is nothing] Nothing indeed! You shall soon come to know! [No! never would you have been distracted by it] Never indeed! if you knew definitely that you would surely see the fire of Hell, then [knew that] you would observe it by your very eyes, then [knew that] you would be questioned about all these favours on that Day.
1& v103
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
. ?% < %A H qmd # < %A H ; d R" / . n \ EQ ie .....a ) % c ,F ){ e ..... % # Time bears witness that these people shall definitely be in a state of loss. Yes! except those who accepted faith and did righteous deeds and exhorted one another to the truth and exhorted one another to remain steadfast on it.
h"¢ 1& v104
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
W 1% ..... " 4 d # , Q ?.% > 9 .....X : c% ( O ) d % E .....X :/ i K " I PQ .....a h " R a h " N jpR J E% .a :" :a " / , .....J : A Z% >% / e ..... : # 'U / K 4H , .....R : * "# ( 1 .....R " 4 d # Woe to every person [among them] who gestures [at you O Prophet!] and slanders [you]. He who amassed wealth and counted it over. He thinks that his wealth has rendered him immortal. By no means! he shall be flung into that which crushes into pieces. And what do you imagine what that which crushes is? A fire kindled by Allah which will rise up to the hearts. Verily, these [rebellious people] will be enshrouded in it, fastened to columns very high.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
It renders him immortal
X : c%
Blessings
Z >.
It has killed you
Z% R #
He will be thrown
Q ?.% >
Time
% #
Desire for abundance of wealth
8R p
The tool of crushing
" 4 d #
Loss
a ) % c
Kindled, blazed
R : * "#
They advice each other
It will reach
K 4H
%A H J E%
Woe
You met Graves, plural of ?# Firm belief
Z% H1% < " # f ># Z # /
Hearts
: # 'U
Slanderer
a h " N
Closed
J : A
Defamer
a h " R
The Hell
He gathered
K " I
Firm believe based on observation
f ># \ >% /
He counted it
X :/
You will be definitely make accountable
\R) %
Pillar, column Long
Quranic Arabic Program
:a " / a :"
20
You will definitely see
% Z >d3 #
Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran
>F 1& v105
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
\% a 1 3d < Z% >% H ..... >< < %> Z% >% / & 1% .....a >6 % H , Z% N : >% # 3 % E Z% ..... >F# dA % < l ~<1 >%
H Z% .2a R# a % Z% 3 .....a >q3& Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the people of the elephant? Did He not foil their treacherous scheme? And sent down against them swarms of birds? [Such that] they pelted them with stones of baked clay, and He rendered them as straw eaten away
rE* 1& v106
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
.B a % c \% Z% . n 5 a I \% Z% " # PQ ..... >% ?# QN 1 :?% ># ..... >% $ q! [% 1 Z% 9Ee .....r a E% *R B 9E{ On account of the association the Quraysh have -- the association [in the peaceful atmosphere of the Baytullah] they have with the winter and summer travels they should worship the Lord of this House who [in these barren mountains] fed them in hunger and rendered them secure from fear.
/ £ 1& v107
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
\% / Z% N \ EQ .....f j " # J E% .....f p ) % " # + / ~d E i .....Z >># ~5: E PQ l Q .....\ Eq: < jQp E PQ E%1 . / "# ."% E ..... =$ E Z% N \ EQ ..... N & Z% H9A Seest thou one who denies reward and punishment [O Prophet!]. He it is who shoves the orphan and urges not the feeding of the poor. So woe be to these [priests of the Baitullaah] who pray being unmindful [to the essence] of their prayers; who put up a pretentious display [of worship], and are not even prepared to lend ordinary items of common use to others.
8p 1& v108
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
. <%'U N l b e .....% d % l q< j ..... 8% p # W .>% 4 /% e Upon thee [O Prophet!] have We bestowed this abundance of good [this House of Ours]. So pray ye only for your Almighty and offer ye sacrifice. Indeed, this enemy of yours will be rootless: none of his followers will remain. Explanation
Word
Explanation
They show (for ostentation)
=$ E
Traveling
They forbid
."% E
Winter
Word
[% 1 $ q!
Explanation Fellow Elephant
Word
dA % >F#
Ordinary items
/ "#
Summer
>%
Their treacherous scheme
Z% N : >%
We provide you
W .>% 4 /%
They should worship
:?% >#
Flop
a >6 % H
Abundance of good Perform prayer! Sacrifice! Your enemy Rootless One not having progeny or followers
Quranic Arabic Program
8% p #
He secured them
jA
He shoves harshly
% d %
He does not urge People performing prayers
l b <%'U
Z% . n ~5: E
21
>< < %>
They threw on them
Z% >% H
~d E i
Baked clay
a >q3&
f j " #
Eaten straw
2a R# a % /
N &
Unmindful
Flocks of birds
Association, love
B 9Ee Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran
p 1& v109
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
.....: ?/% :< / Z% % i .....Z% ~H:?/ :G < / i .....: ?/% :< / Z% % i ..... :?% H : ?/% i ..... p# ~E E # *R .\ E , Z% pR .E Z% pR Declare ye [O Prophet!]: O Unbelievers! I shall worship not that which ye worship. Nor will ye ever worship [alone] that which I worship. Nor ever before this was I prepared to worship that which ye worshipped. Nor were you ever prepared to worship that which I have been worshipping. [So, now] to you your religion and to me mine.
. 1& v110
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
. < H ( e X % F @% &% l q<1 : "% d < D % q?) ..... I # ( \ E , Rc :% E . %E1 .....D % F # ( % $U I Le When comes the help of God and that victory [which We have promised you O Prophet!] and you see men embrace the religion of God in multitudes, extol His glory while being thankful to Him and seek His forgiveness. For, indeed, He is ever disposed to mercy.
O a ,< R 1& v111
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
J ?% [ N: >I , .....O 4 d # "[ ( H % .....O a ; L 1 % >& .....O ) ( R ( .% / .# .....OH O a ,< :E % ?H .:a ) \% The hands of Abu Lahab have been broken and he himself has perished. Neither did his wealth benefit him nor the [good] he earned. Soon shall this man [of glowing countenance] be put in a glowing Fire and [with him] his wife also such that [in Hell] she will be carrying firewood on her back [for her own self]; [like a slave woman], there will be a twisted rope round her neck.
¤9c{ 1& v112
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
.:G [ RFR ( \% pR E Z% .....:% E Z% :% E Z% .....: " ( .....:G [ ( N # *R Declare ye [O Prophet!]: that Allah is One and Alone; Allah is with everyone; He is neither father nor son; and there is none like Him.
Explanation Glowing fire, flames Carrier
Word
O a "[
Firewood
O 4 d #
Her neck
N: >I
Explanation Armies, groups of people, plural of V
I #
Explanation Unbelievers
Word
p#
One Who accepts repentance
< H
I don’t worship
: ?/% i
It was destroyed
% ?H
You worship
:?% H
O a ,<
Worshippers
:< /
Abu Lahab, the main leader of Prophet’s opponents
Rope
J ?% [
He destroyed
Twisted
:a )
He earned
Associate, equivalent
RFR
He will soon reach
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
OH O ) % >& 22
You worshipped He (it) came Victory
Z% ~H:?/ $U I D % F # Level 03
Lesson 1B: The Last Part of the Quran
mF 1& v113
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
.: ) [ Le :a & [ qb \% .....: # , ; 8 F. qb \% .....O * Le ma & qb \% .....m c qb \% .....m F # q < LR / # *R Pray ye [O Prophet!]: I seek refuge with the Lord who breaks apart and brings forth everything; from the evil of all that He has created and [especially] from the evil of darkness when it overspreads, and from the evil of those who blow upon knots and from the evil of every envious creature when it envies.
. 1& v114
Z >% [ # \ " [% 0 Z ) % <
.3 # \% ..... . 1 :A , &% E PQ ..... . # &% # qb \% ..... . ( e ..... . l ..... . q < LR / # *R . . Pray ye [O Prophet!]: I seek refuge with the Cherisher of mankind, the King of mankind, the God of mankind from the evil of the Prompter [of vice] who withdraws [after his prompting], who prompts evil suggestions in the hearts of men, [and is] from among the jinn and mankind. This translation is derived from that of Shehzad Saleem.
Rule of the Day
Face the Challenge!
In Arabic, most of the words have three root letters. Additional letters are vowels are added to them in order to make hundreds of words.
Think about 20 Arabic words in your vocabulary and identify their root letters.
Do you know?
Rule of the Day
The Quran is the book whose thousands of commentaries have been written. The Quranic Exegetes look at each word and sentence of the Quran from different angles e.g. grammar, eloquence, vocabulary, text organization, legal directives, philosophical issues and link with Hadith.
There is a built-in pronoun in each verb. For each verb, there are 14 words to represent the 14 pronouns mentioned in Level 1.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Secret enemy, the Satan
. #
Knots
He prompts
&% E
An envious person
1 :A .3 #
Chest, plural of 1:A Jinn, a hidden creature
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
: #
Explanation
Word
Breaking apart and bringing forth
m F #
:a & [
Darkness
ma &
He envies
: ) [
It spreads
O *
Prompter
&% # 23
Those women who blow upon, witches
; 8 F. Level 03
Lesson 2A: The Verb, its Types and the Derived Nouns
!"# $ "%&' ( )*
The Result Compare the result. Each word carried three marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test. Category
Meaning
,</
Category
+G R|#
+ ,-
He said
2 *
He sealed
Z c
2F Z%&
One who is offended
>6FH Z%&
The most offender
Z #
+ ,-
He wanted
$U b
+ 51 6
He is
R RpE
23 51 6
J / Z%&
Happy
,G 1
J / Z%&
Sinner
+ ,- + 51 6
2F Z%&
One that is observed
>6FH Z%&
The most knowledgeable
FA Z%&
Observer
FA Z%&
Warner
Meaning
He goes / will go
,</
O N Q# E
He is left
W % E
23 ,-
He was created
m c
,G A /
+ 51 6
He makes
G ! %
+ ,-
Z /%
+
:G >b
27 51 6
G EQ
J / Z%&
W% % H i
He instructed Prostrate!
R 3 % E :% 3 &% R
He was said
2R E
Follower
KG < H
+ ,-
He denied
F
:% ?/% R
+ ,-
He remained
M ?
Denier
G
+ ¥
Don’t leave
+
Worship!
+
Make
# I% e
J / Z%&
One who is protected
J
2F Z%&
One who is worshipped
G ?
Don’t say
# R H i
27 51 6
He is worshipped
: ?% E
2F Z%& + ¥ >6FH Z%&
The greatest
Z | /%
+ ¥
FA Z%&
Great
ZG >|/
J / Z%&
Quranic Arabic Program
24
Don’t worship One who says
:% ?% H i J } * Level 03
Lesson 2A: The Verb, its Types and the Derived Nouns Category
Meaning
,</
!"# $ "%&' ( )*
Category
Meaning
,</
# *R
2F Z%&
One who is obeyed
1G
+
>6FH Z%&
The most peaceful
Z &%
B Z%&
Place of looking
>6FH Z%&
The most respectful
+ #
B Z%&
Observatory
\% R
/ Z%&
One who leaves
\% pR H i
2F Z%&
,E
/ Z%&
Maker
J RFd %
/ Z%&
Instructor, dictator
G n
Ruler
G >%
+
Be!
+ ,¥
Don’t be!
+ 51 6
He commits a sin
2F Z%&
One that is protected
FA Z%&
Knowledgeable
ZG >/
FA Z%&
FA Z%&
Honest
\G >%
(n Z%&
He observes
: ! % E
2F Z%&
He helps
.% E
B Z%&
Help!
% %R
>6FH Z%&
It was written
O R
/ Z%&
G p#
23 ,-
+ 51 6 23 51 6 + 23 ,- 2F Z%&
One that is written
Say!
Creature
J / I
5 G ?%
Place of worship
:G ?%
The most handsome
R " I%
Observer
:G N b
He was worshipped
: ?/
He gave peace
\
+ ,-
/ Z%&
One who is just
2J /
(n Z%&
Great
C G F#
B Z%&
Place of war
It was written
O p# E
/ Z%&
One who remains chaste
25
Y G R %
One who is followed
O G H
Quranic Arabic Program
WG 1 H
G 4 ) %
Writer
23 51 6
:G ! %
Tool to draw lines
/ Z%& 2F Z%&
G | .%
Key
C G F J # ZG A / Level 03
Lesson 2B: A Collection of Hadith The Result: Calculate your score. Each paragraph carries 10 mark. If your score is less than 80%, repeat the exercise. The translation is provided for each paragraph. Text in parenthesis [ ] is the information not describe in the original Arabic text but its sense is understood.
ª: ! % & I 1 ( >/ > + E 6 E . 2 e" :2 E Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 ¨ :2 * (./ ( ,-1 EN ¦ \/ :2 E # 'U # H * l .p ª<%Q ” :2 * “.; :% ! % & [ l > # H *” :2 * “¬ > # " / " ” :2 * ª ( " % ( (< , HR .1 . , , R [ ( I / O d ) (< R Z8R “. >* : .$T PI l>® ; * ª("% / Z # "H” :2 * “¬ > "/ "” :2 * ª ( " % ( (< , HR ªnR * ª(" / Z # Z H J I 1 (I / O d ) (< R Z8R “. >* : .s G 1 * N :2 > n ; * ªGZ / :2R > Z "H l.p ª
?& \ # H ” :2 * “¬ > "/ "” ª (" ( (< ,H ª( zR 2 "# B .%A \ X 4/% ª(>/ 0 = K & J I1 , , Z8R ª(I / Od) (< R Z8R “.>* : ªG I N :2R > # l.p ª # F ie > m F .E Z) X 1 “.1 . Narrated by Abu Huraira (./ ( ,-1, he said: I listened Allah’s Prophet while he was saying: “Surely the matter of a person who was martyred will be decided at first in people. So he will be brought and [Allah] will inform him His blessings and he will recognize them. He [Allah] will say, “What good acts you did with these [blessings]?” He will say, “I fought in Your way until I got martyred.” He [Allah] will say, “You are false, but you fought [with an objective] to be said, ‘he was brave’. So it is already said.” Then instructions will be issued about him and he will be dragged by his face until he will be thrown into the Hellfire. And a man who used to learn knowledge and then teach it and he used to recite the Quran. So he will be brought and [Allah] will inform him about His blessings so he will recognize them. He will ask, “What good acts you did with these [blessings]?” He will say, “I learned knowledge and taught it and recited the Quran.” He will say, “You told a lie, but you learn the knowledge [in order to get remarks and] it is said, ‘He is a scholar’ and you recited the Quran so that it is said, ‘He is a reciter’, so it is said. Then instructions will be issued about him and he will be dragged by his face until he will be thrown into the Hellfire. And a man whose Allah has extended His blessings and He has provided him with all kinds of wealth, he will be brought and [Allah] will inform him about His blessings and he will recognize them. “So what you did with these?” He will say, “I have not left any way where You like to spend money.” He will say, “You have told a lie, but you did so that it is called, ‘He is generous’, so it is said.” Then instructions will be issued about him, he will be dragged on his face then put into the Hellfire. Muslim reported it.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Word
Reciter
s G 1 *
He was dragged
He extended, He made it easy
K &
He was thrown
He gave
4/%
I learned
"H
B .%A
I recited
; *
I left
# H
I taught
"% /
I was martyred
I spent
# F
You learned
"H
You fought
# H *
G I
You recited
; *
Brave, courageous
$T PI
Various kinds
Generous
Quranic Arabic Program
O d &
Explanation
, R
26
His matter is decided He got martyred
6 E :!&
He knew
B /
I fought
# H * ; :% ! % &
Level 03
Lesson 2B: A Collection of Hadith v( xF v?>b ¦ \< <1' (Ic) “.( >% z d # ªX 1 4 N ” : d? , Z& (>/ 0 A ( 2R &1 2 * :2 * ( .% / ( , 1 E% N ,< \% / (PQ " E%hc \ < ( d dA Narrated by Abu Hurairah, he said the Allah’s Apostle said about sea / river: “Its water is purified and its dead animals are lawful [to eat].” (Authors of four books [i.e. Abu Dawood, Tirmidhi, Ibn Maja & Nisai] and Ibn Abi Sheeba selected it [this Hadith to include in their books]. The words are for him [Ibn Abi Sheeba]. Ibn Khuzaimah and Tirmidhi declared it authentic.)
“. z < \N i ; a K ?% & ( ) @% E # O # p (> ´ Le Z% R : [ $ e 1 ” : Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 2 * :2 * ( .% / ( , 1 E% N ,< \% / “.\N i \N %c” :PQ “( *# o ” :( xF ³ªZ) (Ic) 2R dj4 : .; d# 3 # >% "# . >% . % [ R” : Z& (>/ 0 A ( 2R &1 2 * :2 * ".% / ( , 1 " / \ <% \/ (I \< :µ (Ic “.: ?p Narrated by Abu Hurairah, he said the Allah’s Apostle said: “The utensils of anyone of you can be purified in a way, if a dog licks in it, that he washes it seven times and first time with soil.” (Muslim selected it [to include in his book] and in his words, it is included that “He should pour water over it”. The words mentioned by Tirmidhi include: “Last of them or first of them [should be washed with soil].” Narrated by Ibn U’mar, said that Allah’s Apostle said, “Two died animals and two bloods are lawful for you to eat. The two died animals include locust and fish and two bloods include spleen and liver [of a slaughtered animal].” Ahmed and Ibn Maja selected it [this Hadith to include in their books].
((>/ mF) “.( jR ( # b ³ X1R ( ~IH ( ~.H ³ \ ~"> ( ?3 % E Z& (>/ 0 A ¯. ” : * %./ 0 , 1 !} / \/ Narrated by Ayesha, she said: “The Prophet liked to start from the right side while wearing his shoes, combing his hair, washing [his body] and in all similar matters.” [Bukhari & Muslim] agreed on it [that the Hadith is authentic].
D ) " “.f % HN "# c % j° "/% ” :2 ( >% Fc 5 h %' E% N% ª- Z& (>/ 0 A ¯. K .% R :2 * (%./ ( , 1 ?b \< o@£R \/ ((>/ mF) . ">/ Narrated by Mughira Ibn Shu’ba, he said: We were with the Prophet. He performed ablution. I stretched my hand to remove his socks, he said: “Leave both of them, I wore them while I was pure [i.e. already performed ablution].” So he wiped over both of them. [Bukhari & Muslim] agreed on it [that the Hadith is authentic]
Explanation
Word ~.H
Wearing shoes
~IH
Combing
E% N%
I stretched my hand downwards So that I remove
5 h %'
His leather socks
(%>Fc
Explanation He should pour water on it
Word ( *# o \N %c
Last of them
% [ R
It is made lawful
Two bloods
Explanation Purity, cleanliness
Allowed, lawful
z d # J >%
Locusts, migratory grasshoppers
3 #
Utensils
$ e ´
Fish
; d#
It licks, it laps
I entered into, I wore them
# c %
Spleen
2R dj4
Dog
Two clean
f % HN
Liver
Quranic Arabic Program
$T
Dead body
"N 5 %
D )
1 4
Water
Leave both of them
He wiped
Word
: ?p
Times
O # p ; a
He liked, He became astonished
O 3 % E
First of all of them
\N i
Starting from the right side
\ ~">
Soil
z
27
Level 03
Lesson 2B: A Collection of Hadith % . m E ³ E PQ ” :2 * “¬0 2 &1 E ” : * “.f % R H ” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 ( .% / ( , 1 E% N ,< \% / (Z) X 1) “.Z% j ³ Narrated by Abu Hurairah, he said the Allah’s Apostle said: “Beware of two condemnations.” They said, “What are these two condemnations, O Allah’s Apostle!” He replied, “That someone discharges [urine or shit] on the way of people or in their shelter [i.e. under a tree etc.]” Muslim reported it.
((>/ mF) “f % # 1 , j ~E [ y % 3 % E 9 : 3)"# Z R : [ c Le” : Z& (>/ 0 A ( 2 &1 2 * :2 * ( .% / 0 , 1 * ,< \% / Narrated by Abu Qatadah, he said the Allah’s Apostle said: “When anyone of you enters into a mosque, he should not sit until he performs two Rak’at prayer.” [Bukhari & Muslim] agreed on it [that the Hadith is authentic].
((>/ mF) “.I1 \E!/ Ka ?% ) < jQF 9 A \ R 6 # / "3 # R 9A” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ( 2 &1 ".% / 0 , 1 " / \%< ( : ?/ \% / Narrated by Abdullah Ibn U’mar, that the Allah’s Apostle said: “Praying collectively is 27 ranks better than praying alone.” [Bukhari & Muslim] agreed on it [that the Hadith is authentic].
(>/ " ) % E # ie :3 E Z% Z8R ª2' $ :q. ³ . Z % E % ” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 :( .% / 0 , 1 E% N ,< \% / ((>/ mF) “ ?[ % "N % H' D ?% ~ " ³ "E % .(>e R ?&% i o 3 % ³ " % E % . " &% i Narrated by Abu Hurairah, that the Allah’s Apostle said: “If people knew what [reward] is in the call of prayer and the first row [of collective prayer], they would have only able to find them by a lucky draw. If they knew what is [the reward for] the final call of prayer, they would have competed for it. If they knew what is [the reward for] the Night and Morning prayers, they would have coming for it although they had to come by crawling.” [Bukhari & Muslim] agreed on it [that Hadith is authentic].
“.( < b ( 5 : E # , J I [ ( y >% % 3 # ( < " 1 % h 2 % * 5 % : E Z \% ” : Z& (>/ 0 A 2R &1 2 * :2 * ( .% / 0 , 1 E% N ,< \% / (( xF < P1 ? X 1) Narrated by Abu Hurairah, he said the Allah’s Apostle said: “Whoever cannot leave vulgar talk and bad deeds [during fasting], Allah does not need him to leave his food and drink.” Bukhari and Abu Dawood reported it and the words belong to him [Bukhari].
mF) “.X & ( ( " # " ª( % A Z># b ZG } A N , ) \% ” : Z& (>/ 0 A ( 2R &1 2 * :2 * ( .% / ( , 1 E% N ,< \% / ((>/ Narrated by Abu Hurairah, he said the Allah’s Apostle said: “Whoever forgets that he is fasting and he eats or drink something, he should complete his fasting. Surely Allah has provided him food and drink.” [Bukhari & Muslim] agreed on it [that the Hadith is authentic].
Explanation
Word % 3 #
Lack of patience, intolerance
J I [
Need
Explanation
Row, line They arrange a lucky draw
He forgot
, )
Final call (for prayer)
The person who is fasting
ZG } A
They compete with each other
So he should complete
Z>#
The night prayer
Fast
+ % A
He provided food & drinks
& Z #
Quranic Arabic Program
Word " ) % E o 3 % R ?&% i
Explanation Be careful Two condemnations He discharges his body wastes Their shelter, shade
Word R H f % E Z% j
"
Alone
jQF
They crawl
?[
Rank
I1
Falsehood, vulgar talk
1 % h
Call (for prayer)
$ :q.
28
Level 03
Lesson 2B: A Collection of Hadith ((>/ mF) “.R .» ie $T hI ( y >% 1 ?% £ ~¸¹ ª ".>% < " J 1 F "% ºe R "% ” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A 2 &1 :( .% / 0 , 1 E% N ,< \% / Narrated by Abu Hurairah, that the Allah’s Apostle said: “The U’mrah till the next U’mrah is the atonement for whatever [minor sins] between both of them. And there is no reward for an accepted Pilgrimage except the Paradise.” [Bukhari & Muslim] agreed on it [that the Hadith is authentic].
X : 3 H ( x # F [% .l |R F d % E ( x # F [% ªa; " l " j/ R ,qe !+9 E” :2 Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. # c .R :2 * "./ ( ,-1 ?/ \< X 1 # e l ( ( ? :* $a ,!< ie WF.E Z $a ,!< W F .E # / % " I =' Z/ ª( < \% & .% &% Le ( 2 & #& Le .l N 3H .PQ X 1 " “. d ~ FI + 9*' 1 .l>/ ( (? :* $,!< ie W6E Z $,!< W ~6 E / "I Narrated by Ibn A’bbas, he said: I was behind the Allah’s Apostle while he said: “O boy! I am teaching you some words. Memorize them, Allah will protect you, memorize them you will find Allah in front of you. When you ask, only ask Allah and when you seek help, only seek the help of Allah. Know that if a group of people agree to benefit you for anything, they will definitely not be able to benefit you except what Allah has ordained for you. And if they agree to harm you for anything, they will not be able to harm you except what Allah has ordained for you. The pens (which were used to write the destiny of benefits & harm) have been raised and the books (of destiny) have become dry.” Tirmidhi reported it.
~Z!E N !0 2&1 E” * “.( E: R I Z b } ?p \” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 "./ 0 ,-1 ¤ \< "/ \< 0 :?/ \/ PQ < Z) P1 ? X 1 “.( O)> ( O)E X < O)> I < ~O) E Z” 2 * “.( E: R I Narrated by A’bdullah Ibn A’mr Ibn A’as, that the Allah’s Apostle said: “It is from the biggest sins that a person abuses his parents.” They said, “O Allah’s Prophet! How can a person abuse his parents?” He said, “Yes! If he abuses the father of another man and in return he abuses the father [of this person] or he abuses the mother of [other person] and he abuses the mother [of the first person].” Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawood & Tirmidhi reported it.
# ># c +> 0 < \ gE \ ( F >- +% p># c +> 0 < \ gE \” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 (./ 0 ,-1 EN ¦ \/ Z) P1 ? X 1 “. % " % > ¶>% c # R > c +> 0 < \gE \ ( " [ 1 Narrated by Abu Hurairah, that the Allah’s Apostle said: Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day [of Judgment], he should respect his guest. And whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, he should join the relationships [by treating his relatives in a good manner]. And whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should talk good or remain silent [i.e. not talk bad]. Bukhari and Muslim reported it.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word % " I
He curse, he insults
~Z!E
They / she gather
He curse, he insults
~O) E
They will benefit you
So he should respect
+% p>#
They will harm you
Explanation
Word
Memorize! Protect!
x # F [%
W F .E
He will protect
x R F d % E
W ~6 E
You find it
X : 3 H
Guest
>-
He has written it
O
In front of you
So he should join
# >#
It is raised
1
Ask!
Z [ 1
Pens, plural of Z G *
+ 9*'
You sought help
.% &%
# R >
It had become dry
FI
So seek help!
\% &
Relationship, mothers womb So he should say He should remain silent
% " % >
Quranic Arabic Program
Books, plural of J F >dA
29
d ~
Entire group of people
l N 3H 2 &
'= Level 03
Lesson 2B: A Collection of Hadith Z) P1 ? X 1 .( " [ 1 R ># X 8 , ( R) .E ( * 1 , ( ) ?E # O[ \” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 (./ 0 ,-1 y \/ Narrated by Anas, that the Allah’s Apostle said: Whoever likes that is his sustenance is extended, and his age is prolonged, he should join the relationships [by treating his relatives in a good manner.] Bukhari & Muslim reported this Hadith.
X 1 . " .>< V 4& < ?) < 1 b “. Qp N .3 # , Z >> R ” :Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 2 * 2 * (./ 0 ,-1 :& \< & \/ PQ < P1 ? Narrated by Sahl Ibn Sa’ad, he said that the Allah’s Apostle said: “I and a caretaker of an orphan will be in the Paradise in this way.” He pointed by his index and middle fingers and kept a small space in both of them.” Bukhari, Abu Dawood & Tirmidhi report it.
c :% !0 2&1 E” :>* “.\gE i 0 \gE i 0 \ gE i 0 ” :Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 2 * 2 * (./ 0 ,-1 ¯p DEb ,< \/ P1 ? X 1 “.X b ” 2 * “¬( } < ” : R * “.( } < X 1 I \ E i \” :2 * “. QN \ ) c Narrated by Abu Shuraih Al-Ka’abi, he said that the Allah’s Apostle said: By Allah, he does not believe; By Allah, he does not believe; By Allah, he does not believe.” It was said, “O Allah’s Prophet! Surely he failed and incurred a great loss. Who is he?” He said, “The one whose neighbor is not safe from his ‘waiq’?” They asked, “What is his waiq?” He said, “His ill-treatment.” Bukhari reported it.
ie ªJ" >< ªJ )e ªG>% (. R R > ¶/1 5 1 hE ¶& @% E Za ) \% ” :Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 2 * 2 * (./ 0 ,-1 < I \/ P1 ?# X 1 “.J * :% A ( ( . Narrated by Jabir, he said that the Allah’s Apostle said: “Any Muslim who plants some trees or grows crops and birds, human beings and animals eat out of it, is nothing except a charity from his side.” Bukhari reported it.
N ( Z z| Z Ee rd F " # r [ F ~Od E i 0 U r d F r d FR ZR Ee” :Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 2 * 2 * (./ 0 ,-1 EN ¦ \/ “.Z% H [ zd & Zp?* \ / Z [1 4 Zp?* \ / Z% N $U RpF ) ZRp ?* \ / ( D ~! Z Ee > + E ; "R |z .&{ D>dA 2 * ( xF Z ¹ (d>dA ³ ?[ \< X 1 Narrated by Abu Hurairah, he said that the Allah’s Apostle said: “Beware of vulgarity and vulgar talk. Surely Allah does not like the one who engage in vulgarity or vulgar talk. Beware of offence [against others], surely it will cause darkness on the Day of Judgment. Beware of misery, surely it inspired those before you to shed the blood [by killing people]. It inspired the people before you, they cut their relationships. It inspired the people before you and they made the women forbidden for marriage lawful for themselves.” Ibn Habban reported it in his Saheeh & Hakim also reported it. The words are for Hakim and he said that the chain of narrators of this Hadith is authentic.
Explanation A vulgar person One who uses vulgar language
Word r [ F rd F " # D ~!
Miser They shed They cut
Explanation
Word \ E i
He is not protected
Explanation He stretches
) ?E
Neighbor
1 I
It extends
R) .E
Wrong behavior
m }
His age
X 8
RpF &
He plants
@% E
One who take care of
R
4 *
Plantation
¶&
He signaled
1 b
J " ><
The index finger
Their relations
Z [1
Animals
They made lawful
zd &
Vulgarity
r d FR
He kept some space empty
Forbidden women for marriage
; [
Using obscene language
r d F
He failed
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
30
< ?) V c Level 03
Lesson 2B: A Collection of Hadith .:a q>I a .&< (I \< X 1 .ZRp>/ 0 = Z% ?H ZR8 $U ") ´ R ?H [ Z% H4c ” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 (./ 0 ,-1 EN ¦ \/ Narrated by ِAbu Hurairah, that the Allah’s Apostle said: “If you commit a mistake and it reaches till the sky, then you repent, surely Allah will accept your repentance.” Ibn Maja reported it with authentic chain of narrators.
. A F @& 5 h H ( ?* , $= & J p ¶?%L O L# Le \ g"# e” :Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 2 * 2 * (./ 0 ,-1 EN ¦ \/ “.Z<* / 1 < 9 :(< , 0 = L PQ l Q ( ?* < @ E [ ; % # e Za ) b / D G >dA "N : [ ³ 2 * f E \ ( x R F# Z ¹ ( d >dA ³ ?[ \< (I \< ,} ). ( d dA PQ X 1 Narrated by ِAbu Hurairah, he said that the Allah’s Apostle said: “Surely when a believer commits a sin, a black dot appears on his heart. If he repents, leaves [that sin] and seek forgiveness [from Allah], it [the black spot] is removed from it. If he increases [the sin], [the black spot] increases until it covers his heart. This is the corrosion [of the personality] which Allah has mentioned in His book: “Beware, there is corrosion on their hearts.” Tirmidhi reported it and declared it authentic. Nisai, Ibn Maja, Hakim and Ibn Habban in his Sahih reported it. The words belong to him [Hakim]. He reported it in two ways and about one he said that it is authentic on the criteria of Muslim.
+ 4 ZRp6 E "dH " ( ~?d E N >~: \g"# X : ?/ ,"d % > I h/ 0 e” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ¯. (./ 0 ,-1 P1:# : >& ,< \/ .&{ D >dA 2 * Z d# X 1 “. ! Narrated by Abu Sa’eed Al-Khudri, that the Allah’s Apostle said: “Surely Allah, the Exalted the Great, keeps the world away from His believer slave while He stills loves him like you keep food and drinks away from a patient.” Hakim reported it and he said that its chain of narrators is authentic.
, 1 ?R K " 3E i 5 6 , \ ? E [ 0 >!c \ p< I 1 1 . ¸ E i” :Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 2 * 2 * (./ 0 ,-1 EN ¦ \/ .&{ D>dA 2 * Z ¹ ,} ). D>dA \)[ ME:[ 2 * PQ X 1 “.Z. I R c 0 >?& Narrated by ِAbu Hurairah, he said that the Allah’s Apostle said: “The Hellfire will not enter to the person who wept due to Allah’s fear until milk is returned back to milking organ [of a cow]. The dust in Allah’s way and the smoke of the Hell cannot combine.” Tirmidhi reported it and said that the Hadith is moderately authentic. Nisai and Hakim also reported it and he said that its chain of narrators is authentic.
Worth Reading! How to get rid of poverty? Is there any shortcut available? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0004-Poverty.htm Explanation You all keep it away
Word "dH
Explanation It polishes, it becomes neat
He wept
p<
It increases
He / it returned
E
It is wrapped
Milk, liquid yogurt
\ ?
Corrosion
Milking organ or a cow etc.
5 6 1 ?R
Dust Smoke, fume
R c
A
Explanation You commit a mistake
@ E
You repent
Z% ?H
Chain of narrators Good, reliable
Two ways, two channels
f E
He commits a sin
b ,"d % >
31
Z% H4c ´ R ?H
( d dA
Condition, criteria
Word
It / she / you reach
He declared it authentic
He keeps away
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
Dot, point Black
a .&e :a q>I O L# J p $= & Level 03
Lesson 2B: A Collection of Hadith B c ,e !0 2 &1 E 0 U I1” :2 * “¬W: 3 H >” :2 ; "# , N a b / c Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. (./ 0 ,-1 6E y \/ “.B E " ( . IE 0 = X 4/ ie \ "# QN w , :a ?/ O * , " 3E i” :Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 2 “.,<LR \G ) [ X .&e x R d# 2 * .y a \/ < 8 \/ ,?6 ">& \ < F I E 1 \ Z >: ¦ \< (I \< O G E ME:[ 2 * PQ X 1 .X >% ~,.4R*1 : (> Z p H ~,} ) . ( 8 ZG ) ( < ¸[% D G A Y G :A ¶F I Narrated by Anas, that the Allah’s Apostle entered [into the home of] a young main who was dying and said: “What are you feeling?” He said, “O Allah’s Prophet! I keep a good hope with Allah and I’m fearful about my sins.” The Allah’s Prophet said, “In the heart of a slave like this [heart], both of them will not collect except that Allah gives him what he is hoping and protect him from what he is fearing.” Tirmidhi reported it and said, it is a unique Hadith. Ibn Maja and Ibn Abi Dunya all of them reported it from Ja’afar Ibn Sulaiman Al-Dab’I [and he reported it] from Anas. Hafiz said that its chain of narrators is moderate. Surely Ja’afar was a pious man and Muslim used to report [Ahadith] on his authority and Nisai testified him. Although Dar Qutni and others have talked about [some weaknesses] in his [traditions].
?/ , ! G b 2R + { :( ie J i + E ( j , 0 = Z z| E J ?& :2 E Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 "& 2 * (./ 0 ,-1 EN ¦ \/ I1 0 U B c ,e 2 2a "I O a . ; L J ( % / I1 (>/ *F H lL / " I 0 , < dH 9I1 : I )"# < mG ( ?* J I1 I h/ 0 . "N o ZG ) ~P1 ? X 1 “.X .>/ % F ¶>a c 0 U L Narrated by ِAbu Hurairah, he said that he listened Allah’s Apostle while he was saying: “Allah will shelter seven [type of people] on the Day when there will not be any shelter except His shelter: (1) The just ruler; (2) The young person who grew up in Allah’s worship; (3) The man whose heart is hanging in the mosques; (4 & 5) Two men who love for the sake of Allah, they gather for it [sake of Allah] and go away from each other for it [sake of Allah]; (6) The man whom a beautiful and highlyranked woman called [for fornication] and he said “I fear Allah”; (7) The person who remembered Allah in loneliness and tears came out of his both eyes.” Bukhari, Muslim and others reported it.
Worth Reading The Report of Transparency International and a Hadith. This article is an eye-opening writing on the condition of Muslim Ummah. http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0004Transparency.htm
Explanation She called Position, rank
Word
% / O a .
Beauty
2a "I
Privacy
¶>a c
It (tears) came out of
%
His both eyes
Quranic Arabic Program
X .>/
Explanation
Word
( 8
He testifies him They have talked (negatively) about him
(> Z p H
Explanation A young man
a b
I hope
I1 B c
He provides shelter
z | E
I fear
He spent his young age
!
A dwelling place
Hanging
mG
He gave
Both of them love each other
< dH
He secured
Both of them separate
*F H
He accepts his authority
32
Word
\ "#
4/ \ ( < ¸[% Level 03
Lesson 3A: The Past Tense: Active Voice
+ ,-
The Result (1) Compare the result. Each word carried four marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
@>A
Verb
Verb
Person
He listened.
K " &
He raised
K 1
O} Q :[
Both of them listened (male)
"&
Both of them raised (male)
1
O} Q >.wH
They listened (male)
" &
They raised (male)
1
O} Q K¼
She listened
% " &
She raised
% 1
O} Mg :[
Both of them listened (female)
" &
Both of them raised (female)
1
O} Mg >.wH
They listened (female)
\ % " &
They raised (female)
\ % 1
O} Mg K¼
You listened (male)
% " &
You raised (male)
% 1
- [ Q :[
Both of you listened
"% " &
Both of you raised
"% 1
- [ Q >.wH
You all listened (male)
Z% % " &
You all raised (male)
Z% % 1
- [ Q K¼
You listened (female)
% " &
You raised (female)
% 1
- [ Mg :[
Both of you listened
"% " &
Both of you raised
"% 1
- [ Mg >.wH
You all listened (female)
\% " &
You all raised (female)
\% 1
- [ Mg K¼
I listened
% " &
I raised
% 1
Zp :[
.% 1
Zp K¼
.% " &
We listened
We raised
Worth Reading What is backbiting? What is its impact on a society? Read in detail: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0003-Backbiting.htm
Quranic Arabic Program
33
Level 03
Lesson 3A: The Past Tense: Active Voice
+ ,-
@>A
Verb
Verb
Person
He became happy.
C
He came near.
*
O} Q :[
Both of them became happy (male)
[
Both of them came near (male)
< *
O} Q >.wH
They became happy (male)
[
They came near (male)
< *
O} Q K¼
She became happy
% [
She came near
% < *
O} Mg :[
Both of them became happy (female)
[
Both of them came near (female)
< *
O} Mg >.wH
They became happy (female)
\ [%
They came near (female)
\ <% *
O} Mg K¼
You became happy (male)
[%
You came near (male)
<% *
- [ Q :[
Both of you became happy
"[%
Both of you came near
"<% *
- [ Q >.wH
You all became happy (male)
Z% [%
You all came near (male)
Z% <% *
- [ Q K¼
You became happy (female)
[%
You came near (female)
<% *
- [ Mg :[
Both of you became happy
"[%
Both of you came near
"<% *
- [ Mg >.wH
You all became happy (female)
\[%
You all came near (female)
\<% *
- [ Mg K¼
I became happy
[%
I came near
<% *
Zp :[
.<% *
Zp K¼
We became happy
.[%
We came near
Arabic language is as systematic as mathematics. I have generated all these tables by using formulae in Microsoft Excel.
Quranic Arabic Program
34
Level 03
Lesson 3A: The Past Tense: Active Voice
+ ,-
The Result (2) Compare the result. Each word carried two marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
,</
English
Z% <R*R / ( Z c
Allah has sealed off their hearts.
(O} Q :[ )
d % \ d % "e R *
They said, “Surely we are the reformers.”
(O} Q K¼)
Z% N 1 .< ( O N L
Allah took their light.
(O} Q :[ )
?% E i ; a "R R , Z% H
He left them in darkness. They do no see.
(O} Q :[ )
Z% pR c PQ
That Who created you.
(O} Q :[ )
b k 1% 'U Z% pR I PQ
That Who made the earth a bed for you.
(O} Q :[ )
A E # ( < (
Allah ordered to connect.
(O} Q :[ )
y ><%e ie :3 )
So they prostrated except the Iblees.
(O} Q K¼)
( >% /
So He accepted their repentance.
(O} Q :[ )
P :N K ?H \% "
So whoever followed the guidance.
(O} Q :[ )
.H E< F \ EQ
Those who denied our verses.
(O} Q K¼)
d % ?# Z% pR < .*# L# e
Remember when We separated the sea for you.
(Zp K¼)
Z% pR .% / % F / Z8R
Then We forgave you.
(Zp K¼)
Quranic Arabic Program
35
Level 03
Lesson 3A: The Past Tense: Active Voice
+ ,-
,</
English
Z% R .*# 1 ; ?q> \% RR
Eat from the pure thing what We provided you.
(Zp K¼)
"
And they did not did an unjust act to Us.
(O} Q K¼) Did you make the providing water to the pilgrims (equivalent to faith.)
qV d# E & Z% # I
(- [ Q K¼) It (the thunder) did not leave anything on which it came on except that it made that thing rotten.
(O} Mg :[ ) ª(O} Mg :[ )
( % I ie ( >% / % H $a ,% b \% 1 Q H Z > :"% i ( # I
I made for him abundant wealth.
(Zp :[ ) When the wife of I’mran said, O Lord! I make an oath.
(Zp :[ ) ª(O} Mg :[ ) Remember when I protected you from the Israelites.
(Zp :[ ) And eat from it comfortably from where both of you desire.
(- [ Q >.wH)
; 1% Q ,qe q 1 "% / R % % * L# e l .% / >} &% e ,.< F# F L# e
"# b M R >% [ :1 .% 9R
>%~: >d # % H \.% R # e
If you became the desiring one for the worldly life.
(- [ Mg K¼)
p # & .>% Hn L# e
Remember when We gave Moses the book.
(Zp K¼) Rule of the Day The second source letter ("
5) may carry either a fathah, or a kasrah or a dhamma. It all depends on how the native people speak. D will always be with a fathah, K " & will always be with a kasrah and * will always be with a dhamma. Same is the case with other words. It is mentioned in the dictionary that the " 5 will carry which vowel.
Quranic Arabic Program
36
Level 03
Lesson 3A: The Past Tense: Active Voice
+ ,-
,</
English If they became believing in Allah and the day of judgment.
(O} Mg K¼)
c + % ># ( < \ g% E \R # e
%E w# ? 2 *
He said, I stayed for a day.
(Zp :[ )
Z% .R ,.>% E
Alas! I would be with them.
(Zp :[ )
.E + 9%&{ Z% pR >-1
I am happy with Islam as the religion for you.
(Zp :[ ) I do not say you anything except what You ordered me to say.
(- [ Q :[ ) ª (Zp :[ ) Both of them said , “O Our Lord! We were unjust to ourselves.
(Zp K¼) ,(O} Q >.wH) If I disobey my Lord, the punishment of that day is very big.
(Zp :[ )
( < ,.H% ie Z% # *R
.) FR ."% .<1 i * Za >|/ +a % E Q/ ,q<1 >% / # e ( % & 2 * L# e
Remember when Moses said to his nation.
(O} Q :[ )
Z% pR H% : % < \% Z% R .w# < Z8R
Then We gave life to you after your death.
(Zp K¼)
Do you know? Hadith of the Prophet Z& (>/ 0 A is not described without its reference. That’s why you are finding the reference after each Hadith. Bukhari & Muslim were the compilers of two books of Hadith which contain the most authentic Ahadith. Other compilers include Nisai, Ibn Maja, Tirmidhi, Abu Dawood, Ibn Habban, Hakim, Ahmed Ibn Hanbal etc. Dar Qutni was an expert in identifying the weaknesses in the chain of narrators in order to check the authenticity of a Hadith.ٓ Authenticity of a Hadith is determined on the basis of reliability of its narrators.
Face the Challenge! Prepare a list of 30 words of past tense from your own vocabulary. For each list, prepare the complete tables as mentioned in the next pages.
Quranic Arabic Program
37
Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1 The Result: Calculate your score. Each paragraph carries 10 mark. If your score is less than 80%, repeat the exercise. The translation is provided for each paragraph. Text in parenthesis [ ] is the information not describe in the original Arabic text but its sense is understood.
(./ 0 ,-1 m Eq:q p< < Abu Bakr, the Truthful, May Allah be pleased with him
X : ( ?) (>/ ( ) ~:3 # N “a ” ³ Z& (>/ 0 A 2 & K , E .a \ < Z>H \ < : % & \< O \ <% % "% / \ < / \< "w/ \ <% ( : ?/ N 0 A ,?. < P&% R :./ R !"# ( <Q f [ ( * :A L# e V "# $ &{ R 8 [ O # / m qE:q < Z& (>/ 0 A 2R & ( F A .+9) 9 N” : (./ ( ,-1 a p< ,< ºe lQ< & X R*:A (< . n \% " . :H1 ªlQ< . S R :d E D ?A % ª*# ' :3)"# ºe Z& (>/ “.Y : A : lL 2 * \” :2 * “.Z” : * “¬lL 2 * ” :2 * “¬: " # >< ºe R > (< P&% ( Z / hE l ?[ A ºe l His Family Chain & Place of Birth He is A’bdullah Ibn U’thman Ibn A’amir Ibn A’mr Ibn Ka’ab Ibn Sa’ad Ibn Teem Ibn Murrah. It (his family chain) meets with that of the Prophet at “Murrah”. He is the sixth grandfather of him. The Prophet ا وdescribed him as “The Truthful” after the incident of the miraculous travel (of the Prophet). At that time, he (Abu Bakr) testified him (the Prophet) while the pagans were denying him that he was taken to the Mosque of Jerusalem. At morning, when he described it to the people, they returned to those who used to believe him. They testified him and ran to Abu Bakr and said: “What is your opinion about your friend who thinks that he is taken in one night to Jerusalem?” He said, “Has he said that?” They replied, “Yes.”. He said, “If he has said that then he has spoken the truth.”
Worth Reading How to conduct work for Islamic Da’wah? How a Da’wah strategy should be developed? The article is in Urdu language.http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0005-00Dawat.htm
Explanation He did at morning time He described
Word
D ?A % S R :d E :H1
He returned, he left the religion He considers He told the truth
Z / hE Y : A
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Word
The miraculous travel of the Prophet from Makkah to Jerusalem and then to the heavens
$ &{ V "#
Explanation Family chain
O )
Time / place of birth
: , E
He testified
Y :A
It meets, it joins
He was sent on travel
P%&R
He described attribute
Event, incident
R 8 [
Behind, after
38
Word
A O # / Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1 a :% ³ $ ") ?% < (*:A ªlL \ : <% N "> ( * : A % ,e ªZ” :2 * “¬D?E R ?* $ I : "# >< ºe > O N L ( ( * : H ” : * 1.mE: p< < ,q"& lQ “.a [ % 1 . > ! b% f .) < Z& (>/ 0 A 2 & : : < p" < – (./ ( ,-1 – : They said, “Will you testify him [on the point] that he went in one night to Jerusalem and came [back] before morning?” He said, “Yes, I testify him even if [he claims that he has gone and returned] from a farther place. I testify him for the information about [his travel to] the heavens in a day or night.” Due to that, he was named “Abu Bakr, the Truthful” 1.
X : N ! % < (9&e 0 A ,?. ?c :* .22 I \ \ n \ 2 mE: p< < :/ : .Z& (>/ 0 A 2 & /% : < 3&i K E& (./ ( ,-1 p< < , & Y : A p< < 2 * ª<%Q :ZR ªZp>e ,.w < ( e” :Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. 2 * .a p< < ( * :A . ( <Q M < " ( Z& (>/ 3.(fH) “¬,?[ A , R1 H Z # ( ( ) F# .< His Conversion to Islam and Some of His Views Abu Bakr used to respond the call of the Prophet quickly. Abu Bakr is considered the first person in men2 who converted [to Islam]. They told that when he was sent [as a prophet], people denied him but Abu Bakr testified him. The Prophet said, “Surely Allah has sent me to you [as a prophet].” You said, “You are telling a lie.” But Abu Bakr testified and comforted me with in person and with his wealth. So are you going to leave my friend?” (He said it twice).3 .18/7 P1 ? D (3) .170/7 P1 ? D (2) .63 ,62/3 W1:)£ ³ Z ¹ (Ic ª306 Z*1 2' :3"# ° ?¾ d>d ME [' )& (1) (1) The Chain of Authentic Ahadith by Albani, Volume 1, Hadith No. 306. Hakim reported it in Mustadrak, Volume 3, Page 62, 63. (2) Fath-ul Bari, Volume 7, Page 170. (3) Fath-ul Bari, Volume 7, Page 18.
Worth Reading What is ostentation and what is its impact on the personality of a person? What will be the impact of ostentation on the Deeds Account of a person in the real life i.e. Hereafter? Read in English. http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0002-Ostentation.htm
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
He was sent
M <
He born
:
He sent
M U <
Months
b%
He comforted me
, &
Scenes, views
You leave
R1 H
Fast
My friend
,?[ A
Quranic Arabic Program
39
Word
You testify
Y q: H
I testify
Y À: A R
: N !
Morning
a :%
K E&
Evening
a [ % 1
He was named
,q"&
< 3&i
Responding
Explanation
Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1 , "N L# e \ >% .8# , 8 F \ EQ ( I c% L# e ( X :% X .H ie” R " E%p R E h . .E:"# ºe ( H 3N ³ Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. O dA :* hG Eh/ ( ># # , N ( R " F# ~) F \ EQ " I N% H Z% a .3 < X : E ( >% / ( .>p& ( 2 h . ( e # h d % H i ( ?[ 2R R E L# e 1 @# /: D / F Z N 1% a \ >% <1 Z & f[ ( 1 ´ < >jw < I E ªZ& (>/ 0 A , ?. K zR : N !" # : b 4“.ZG >p[ 2 , R I ,6 E " a p< ,< 2 ³ ,6 E Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. .f ")"# \ 5 $ *1' \ >% F 6)"# *1 m / , A c >9&{ 2 9c 9 ³ . +g E < X < d q> < : 3 )"# / / ! X 1 7 c c W H .3 # < Z& (>/ 0 A 2R & X !< :* 6.( ) F 8. ./ ( ,-1 !} / ( .< +9) 9 (>/ V hH # < X N A :* Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. 1 ! K ( He accompanied the Prophet during his migration to Madinah then the Holy Verse was revealed. “If you do not help the Prophet, [it does not matter:] Allah did help him when the unbelievers drove him out of his town, when he was only the second in two persons, while the two were in the cave and [the enemy came to the opening of the cave] he said to his companion [Abu Bakr], ‘Do not worry, Allah is with us.’ So Allah sent down his serenity on him and strengthened him with forces which you can not see, thus, He made the word of the unbelievers lowest, while words of Allah remain supreme. Allah is All-Mighty, AllWise.” 4 He was present at all events with the Prophet. He used to trade cloths and when he converted to Islam, his capital reached to 40,000 Dirham (silver coins). He spent [this amount] for the interests of Islamic Call and especially in freeing weak Muslim slaves 5 [by buying such slaves and manumitting them]. The Prophet used to decide about the wealth of Abu Bakr in a way a man decides about his personal wealth. The Prophet gave him good news for the Paradise and unlike other companions, he allowed [him] to leave a small door in his house [directly] opening in the Mosque. He ordered him [Abu Bakr] to lead people in prayer during his [the Prophet’s] sickness. He was at the rank of the consultant to the Prophet. He [the Prophet] made him his relative [in-law] by marrying his daughter Ayesha. 8 + /1: ª:b 9Á / (8) .:3)£ ºe (. QR F.E o G @ A < :cÁ (7) .D>dA .&< 65/1 < d } 6 ª:µ (6)
m>*1 K¼ (5) .40 En < 1& (4) 63 ¤ P" $ >-
(4) Surah Tauba, Verse 40. (5) Plural of “Raqeeq” (6) Ahmed [Ibn Hanbal], The Virtues of Companions, Volume 1, Page 65, with authentic chain of narrators. (7) Al-Khokha: A small door made within [a big door] towards the Mosque (8) The Period of the Righly Guided Caliphate, Dr. Akram Zia Al-U’mri, Page 63
Explanation Weak people
Word
\ >% F 6)"#
Explanation
Word
># #
He accompanied
O d A
I E
You helped him
X .H
$ *1'
He traded
He decided
,6 E
Cloths, plural of G 8
>jw
To lead
+g E
Capital (in business)
2 1
Allowed
/ !
He converted to Islam
At the time of Advise He made him relative by law
2 9c 1 ! N A
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
Higher
Slaves, plural of
m>*1
Explanation
Interest, plural of d
Z & D m /
Freeing (slaves) Slaves, plural of J ?* 1
40
*1
Don’t worry Peace He supported Armies, plural of : G .I You did not see Lower
# h d % H i .>p& X : E a .I
N% H Z% F# ~) Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1
( R 6 % ( H FA : \ >% " )* ºe ">) H \ p "> – (./ ( ,-1 – (H FA \/
R > # # ; Fq v .R ?3# ÂH f .> 11 } ( I Z d % R >* 10 .I 9 \ >% 1 >Fc F>d ><% 9 I 1 ” : % ./ ( ,-1 !} / ( .< ( % F A
R > R # ; F v2 + .A' ?/ (./ 8gE Z .( * 9c ( N 3< >. ( ( b x R F dE a " [% 1 K [ 5 1 o w $ >d# : E:b 13 N v(./ ( ,-1 v .R ?q>4 Y 9c' (./ 8R His Personal Attributes & Virtues Regarding his personal attributes, may Allah be pleased with him, it is possible to divided them into two categories:
1. Physical Attributes His daughter Ayesha described his attributes, she said: “He was a white man with weak body and light cheeks 9. His shoulders were bent 10 and there was less flesh on his face. His eyes were deep 11 and forehead was jutting out.
2. Attributes related to His Character He was a soft-hearted, very modest and pious person 12. He was a firm person with mercy. He used to protect his respect and rank. He was generous with self-respect and good character. Idol-worship is never reported about him while good character is reported about him. c X .>/ P .f.> } (11) .1 : / \ >% F p f< $ .d % / m 4E l Q : [% ' :.I% (10) .q: # b >Fc "# q: # R d FA k 1 :f-1 >Fc (9) .( >*1 O Z >[1 lQ $ /~: o w X ' : N (13) .15DA 6 \%> ª:b $= F # (12) .( & 1 ³ (9) Khafeef-ul-A’aridain: Al-A’arid is the sheet of cheek. It means that there were less hair on his cheeks. (10) Ajna’: Bent, it means that the shoulders are bent in a round shape around the chest. (11) Ghair-ul-A’ainain: It means that his both eyes were deep in his head. (12) The Rightly Guided Caliphs by Amin Al-Qudhah, Page 15. (13) Awwaha: It means a person who prays a lot and possess a soft and merciful heart.
Explanation Deep Forehead was jutting out Soft-hearted
Word
} R ?3# ÂH
N
Explanation
Firm
[
Curve, bent
It is not reported
8gE Z
Quranic Arabic Program
q: #
Cheek Curving
X I
R d FA
Sheet
5 1
Esteem, high rank
.I
Curving shouldres
Piety
Word
: [% ' $ .d %
Two shoulders, (>.wH of
\ >% F p 1:
Chest
41
Explanation Attributes, plural of
FA
Word
; FA
Grace, good attributes, virtue
R 6 %
It is possible
\ p "E
Related to physical body
R > # #
Related to ethics and way of dealing
R > R #
Weak Two cheeks
F>d \ >% 1 Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1 E ( > b ; % " Z& (>/ 0 A q,?. < '= I , ( b I J <1 ( " p[ ; % : ">p[ v ( ./ ( , 1 v . F > ) 5 "I , >& >q) ( p .[ ) ZRp>/ >% j :* ,q” : > $U I " >? : < . , ?4 c , ( ?4c , lL 14 D qb1 f[ 9# , :a N ÄZI K H \/ G?/ :* 15 : ( } 1n / O @ H R " [% < d 1 !&i >% w : ( p[ 5 ! : A " ( " .~) n < (" / K (?4# ) “.Z% R o < 16 .1a :<
& R \ F" # 2 ?R < 1 b He, may Allah be pleased with him, was wise. His wisdom and calmness to deal with the problems appeared at the time of troubles faced by the Muslim nation at the time of the death of the Prophet. In that way, his personality appeared as very strong and wise to deal with the politics in the gathering of “Saqifah” There is a lesson in his humbleness and piety during his rule when he was selected for it 14. During his first speech what he delivered after the oath of allegiance, it [the words] came in it, “I have been appointed over you but I am not better than you.” 15 With his knowledge about the Quran and the Sunnah, he had a great understanding of the objectives of the Shari’ah (Holy Law) and its instructions. He was consulting the companions a lot. His mercy used to dominate his opinions as he signaled to accept ransom from the war-captives of Badr [instead of killing them]. 16 .P" $ >- + /1: ª: b 9# / (16) .0 $ b e Ã>& " >? :< ( ?4c (15) . 9 X >N X1 >c P :Db1 (14) (14) Rusheha: It means his selection and appointment for the Caliphate. (15) The Speech after the Oath of Allegiance as it will soon come, if Allah wills. (16) The Period of the Rightly-Guided Caliphate, Dr. Akram Zia Al-U’mri.
Worth Reading! Form of religious rituals is very important but their real spirit is more important. Read the details in: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0017-Spirit.htm
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Oath of allegiance
>?
Humbleness
Soon it will come
Ã>&
Too much
I am appointed
>% j
Piety
Objectives, plural of : Consultation
: A 1 !&i
K H ÄZI :a N
Caliphate, government of companions
Facing
I
Affliction
; %
Strong
E
O 4 c
Wisdom
( p .[
X1 >c
Political
>& >q)
2 ?*R
He delivered a speech
Quranic Arabic Program
( b I J <1
?4c
Acceptance
1a :<
& R
Steadfastness while facing problems
">p[
It appeared
Speech
War-captives of the battle of Badr
Wise
Word
D qb1
1 b F" #
9#
Explanation
He was appointed
He signaled
Ransoms, benefits
Word
His election
X >N
His nomination
42
Lesson
G ?/ Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1
9# < (./ ( ,-1 a p< ¦' R >? " / ªmEq:q a p< < Z. \ EI "# \ G F Z >e 6 d Z% . a F >c 1 >ci : / & ,.< F > & , 1 ' K " I ªZ& (>/ 0 A ,?. : < :2 * 1 ' R 6 \ >< p< < Z p .Z./ ( ,-1 C 3 # \ < / : >?/ < ª 4 # \ < !1 ' ! % E” : 4# \ < "/ 2 .C 3# \ < :>?/ ,< : >< ª 4# \ < " / :>< Q c “.Z% b " ~E E ? \ >% I \ EQN : [ ZRp >-1 : ”
< + : # ( < LR ” :1 ' 2 “.a p< < + : E # ( ) F O q>4 H ZRp~E . +g E # a p< < :% * Z& (>/ 0 A ( 2 &1 " H Z% ) 17“. a p< (./ ( ,-1 p< < . +gE Z& (>/ 0 A 2 & < ZNL # : < 9# < a p< ,< > [% < (./ ( ,-1 4# \< "/ 2 :&% :% .1 ' I " # "/ ( E ? X : E ) ? ( E ?> X : E ) ?E # a p< ,< \ "/ O 4 After the death of the Prophet, Ansaar gathered under the shelter of Banu Sa’ada to elect a caliph from them. A group of the Migrators visited there. Abu Bakr the Truthful, Umar Ibn Khattab and Abu U’baidah A’amir Ibn Al-Jarrah were among them. Abu Bakr spoke to them, explained the virtues of Ansaar and said: “I am happy with these two men, so give oath of allegiance to anyone of them whoever you like.” He caught the hand of U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab and that of Abu U’baida Ibn Al-Jarrah. U’mar said: “O Group of Ansaar! Do you not know that the Allah’s Prophet ordered Abu Bakr to lead people [in prayer] so who can like himself to lead Abu Bakr?” Ansaar said, “We seek refuge of Allah that we lead Abu Bakr.” 17 U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab provided reasons for the priority of Abu Bakr by mentioning the instructions of the Prophet for Abu Bakr to lead people. So U’mar demanded Abu Bakr to extend his hand for the oath of allegiance. He extending his hand and U’mar gave the oath of allegiance, then the Migrators and then Ansaar did so. 133/2 : " [% : .) (17) (17) Musnad Ahmad, Volume 2, Page 133
Explanation
Word
He provided reasons
2 :&%
Priority, preference
> [%
Explanation
Word
>-1
I became happy
Explanation Shelter
Give oath of allegiance
E <
A family of Madina
L
You like
Z% b
He became present
He asked for, he demanded
O
O people!
So that he gives oath of allegiance
K E ?>
You prefer
O q>4 H
He spoke
He leads
+ : E
He clarified
You lead
+ :
Grace, favors
He reminded
He gave oath of allegiance
K E <
Quranic Arabic Program
! % E
43
Group
Word
F > & : / & ,.<
6 [ G F Z p H \ >< R 6 Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1 < d } & / (./ ( ,-1 a p< ¦ R > 6 # , N i R > d # l H ºe "/ Z% ? # : < >? \ / RF E # Z>/ ( -1 1 ¾ 18. a p< ,<' R >? "H . ( E ? ?."# (./ ( ,-1 a p< < : A , + > , . >? / Z" % F H >"I Z>/ ( R -1
(./ ( ,-1 Z p# d # , ( <R&R : " [ # : < 2 Z& (>/ 0 A ( 2 &1 : 3 ) % , . , ?4 c , o ( ?4c 2 9c \ Z pd# ³ ( <& (./ ( ,-1 a p< < \ /% :( >/ .8# ( [ P:./
* ZRp> >6 J >c Q# p J Y :% q .,q ; & # e ,.>/ .% ) [ # .ZRo < ) ZRp>/ >j :* ,e ! . ~E E” ie +a * , R ! [ F K >!H i Z% Q c ie ( >?& , 3 # +G * 5 : E i .( $ b e ( . ~md # QR c n [ G > ZRp> ~P ª( $U b # e ( [ (>/ K I 1% 19 “.ZRp>/ , R / 9 (&1 ( >/ L ( &1 ( % ,> .$ 9? < ( Z "/ It was not possible for the Ansaar, may Allah be pleased with them, to keep them away from the oath of allegiance after Umar warned them about the reality i.e. the virtue of Abu Bakr on all companions, may Allah be please will all of them. So they agreed his words on the oath of allegiance. On the next day Abu Bakr stood on the pulpit and people gave him the oath of allegiance and the [process of giving] oath for Abu Bakr finished. 18
His Style of Governance Abu Bakr announced his governance style at the time of a short speech delivered to people in the Mosque of Allah’s Apostle. He said after praising Allah and glorifying Him: “O People! I have been appointed over you but I am not better than you. If I do good, help me and if I do bad, make me straight. Truth is honesty and falsehood is dishonesty. A weak person among you is powerful in my opinion until I return him his right, if Allah wills. And a powerful person is weak until I get the due right from him, if Allah wills. A nation who leave striving in Allah’s way, He humiliates them. If vulgarity spreads in a nation, Allah spreads troubles in them. Follow me whenever I follow Allah and His Prophet. If I disobey Allah and His Prophet, then following [me] is not your responsibility.”19 .305/6 E . E :? ª661/4 + !N \< o& (19) .Æ 1 :"Ç hEh :?/ / 1: ª:b 9Á ³ ; Å | (18) (18) Look [the book] Moments in the Rightly Guided Caliphate, Abdul Aziz Muhammad Noor Wali. (19) Biography by Ibn Hisham, Volume 4, Page 661, Al-Bidayah wan Nihaya, Volume 6, Page 305.
Explanation I do bad Make me straight
Word
Explanation
Word
They remain behind
RF E
It finished
"H
,q*
Way, style
&
He warned them
Governance
Z pd#
Reality
K I 1% QR c n
I take
5 : E i 2 Q c
He humiliates It does not spread widely
Word
; &
I return
It does not leave
Explanation
K >!H i
He spreads in them
Quranic Arabic Program
Z "/
\ /%
He announced
Superiority
Z% ? R > d # R > 6 #
Short
o
All
He glorified Him
( >/ .8#
She / they agree
I do good
.% ) [
Next
,
Help me
,.>/
He climbed
: A
44
} & % F H
Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1 :,N (./ ( ,-1 ( & >) R ) >} R R4 # R ?4# X Q N % ."6 H :* / QR c% ' (4) . Q# p R <1 d Y :q 1 b K 1 (3) .qmd # / : ? R *e (2) .Z>/ P)E Z p# d # \ (>/ P)E . < () F
& (1) 21 .( :[ Z > E + ( / 4< % ' (7) .K " 3 % " # , ! [ F 20 K "* (6) .( >?& , 3 # E 1 K 1 (5) .+ R|"# B e Z | This speech includes the major lines for his policy, they are: (1) He equaled himself to the people. Whatever was made their responsibility was also made his responsility. (2) Establishment of the principle of cooperation for the right. (3) Raising the words of truth and fighting against the falsehood. (4) Taking from the offender and being just to the offended. (5) Raising the flag of striving in Allah’s way. (6) Suppression 20 of vulgarity in the society. (7) Instructions for following him till he establishes Allah’s limits. 21
:(./ ( ,-1 a p< ,< 2R "/% \ a b R 898 f.& ie +% : H Z K >% # 2 "/< J [ ( E % J >I J >% w ; G 3%e :N% m [ : J ">|/ 2J "/ ( (./ ( ,-1 a p< < :,E ( "/ qZN Works of Abu Bakr Abu Bakr had great works, so his objectives realized and there were a lot of great achievements. His period was full of pious works along with [the reality] that it remained only for two years and three months. His most important works are as follows: .Æ 1 :"Ç hEh :?/ /1: ª:b 9Á ³ ; d" (21) ZL ZN * P :KG "* (20) (20) Qam’ means he condemned them and humiliated them. (21) Moments in the Rightly Guided Caliphate, Abdul Aziz Muhammad Noor Wali.
Explanation Society Until he remain
Word
K " 3 % " # +
He establishes
Z > E
Goals realized
:N% m [
Achievements
; G 3%e J [
Full of He did not remain
+% : H Z
Important
Quranic Arabic Program
qZN
Explanation
Word
Cooperation
K 1
Raising
1 b
Slogan, words Fighting
R <1 d
Taking
QR c% '
Explanation
Word
It includes
% ."6 H
Lines, plural of c
R R4 #
Major
R ) >}
His policy
( & >&
He made equal
&
Flag
E 1
It is made responsibility
P)E
Suppression
K "*
Establishment
R *e
Principle
: ?
He subdued and overcome
45
L *
Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1 (./ ( ,-1 :a E% \ < &R r >I LR Fe i , p ) % ª+ ! B 1 ! ºe >% ) E R :* R & . "./ ( ,-1 :% E \ < &R ( >/ ( H ?* !>I Z& (>/ 0 A ( R2&1 h I 2 .Z& (>/ 0 A ( 2 &1 k % " .E:" # C % ?% E Z r >3# QN \p (./ ( ,-1 " / Z> ZN1 >c . 1 ? ( ! >I Z :* .B % 3 # . 9# (./ ( ,-1 a p< < H Z& (>/ 0 A ( 2R &1 , H [ ¶p ) % (< R ºe >% ) E ie (./ ( ,-1 a p< < < . X I ( a A < K % , 3 .% E [ M EE # R &R
1 q 1 < 22 $= ?% % A " v " / , & a p< < L & “.l L \% ,e ~O[ >% 4 ,.F 4 % H { Z& (>/ 0 A ( 2 &1 % L Fe \ $a ,!< D F# &i .R ” :2 * .( I 6 ( L v Z./ ( ,-1 First: Execution of the Military Expedition of Usama Ibn Zaid Allah’s Apostle prepared a military expedition before his death and made Usama Ibn Zaid its leader. Usama was instructed to travel towards the high lands of Syria. He camped at Al-Jurf. Elder people also joined his army. Umar was among them. But his army did not leave Madina due to sickness of the Prophet of Allah. The army did not leave the camp until Allah’s Prophet died and Abu Bakr took charge of Caliphate. When the news 22 about pouring out of revolt reached, Usama opined to delay it until the situation becomes clear especially the reasons [mentioned by] people were [available] with him. Abu Bakr denied [his opinion] and [asked him] to travel for what he was instructed and said, “I am not going to begin with something other than execution of the instructions of Allah’s Apostle. Even if birds snatch me, I like that [to implement the instructions].” Abu Bakr asked Usama to give permission [to leave] U’mar. He permitted for him and went towards his direction. .1 ?c P .$ ? (22) (22) Anbaa’ means news
Explanation It becomes clear
Word
,3 .% E <
He denied
Explanation
Word
C % ?% E
He left
2
He did not leave
Explanation Execution Military expedition
Word
LR Fe r >I
I begin
D F# &i
He died
, H
He prepared
They snatch
,.F 4 % H
He became the ruler
H
He ordered, he made leader
News
$= ?%
To travel
>% ) E
Pouring out
1
High lands
B 1 !
Apostasy, revolt during Abu Bakr’s reign
q
He camped
p ) % /
M EE
Steep slope
B % 3 #
Birds He got permission
>% 4 L & L
He allowed He went
6
Quranic Arabic Program
He delayed
46
h I
Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1
(Hg ,[ \ ?* \ :H1% \ H * + ! k 1 ºe (./ ( ,-1 R & 6 24.a > f <1 , " ¶" & / C 3.< ( "
\ Eq:H"# R <1 d : > 8 :+a )* 898 / ~:H"# R E ?. R .E:" # >9&{ : " A / ºe q $= ? % A 8' ?/ ºe / :2R ' Z ) ?~. $U >/ K ?H :, w Z) ....25 Z& (>/ 0 A q,?. \ h < J A c < NRH h :d I Z.p + 9&{ / " & :M w Z) Usama traveled to the land of Syria and fought with those of the tribe Quda’ah who revolted. They fled to Doomat-ul-Jundal and Usama followed 23 them until he raided at Wabil in the outskirts of Muta. He completed his expedition successfully and returned safe and sound in forty nights 24 with war booties.
Second: Fight against the Rebellious The news of revolt reached at the capital of the Islamic State (Madina of the Prophet) while the rebellious people were of three types: Type I: Those who returned to worshipping idols. Type II: The Followers of false claimers of prophethood Type III: Who continued [to believe] in Islam but refused to pay Zakat. They interpreted that it was specific to the Prophet’s time. 25 .276/12 P1 ? D (25) .8¤ Æ 1 :"Ç hEh :?/ /1: ª:b 9Á ³ ; d£ (24) .5 &% q: ³ :b% P :1 (23) (23) Aghara means ‘he aggressively followed the enemy with speed. (24) Moments in the Rightly Guided Caliphate, Abdul Aziz Muhammad Noor Wali, Page 8. (25) Fathul-Bari Volume 12, Page 276.
Explanation Those who revolted Capital (of a country) Country False claimers of prophethood
Word
~:H"# " A / : ?~. $U >/
Explanation
Word
,[
Outskirts
Explanation
Word
He revolted
:H1% ~
A town in Jordan
(Hg
They escaped
He performed
A city in North Saudi Arabia
2 : .3#
His project
( "
He raided
1
He continued
" &
With success
C 3
He intensified
:b%
They refused
:d I
Safe & sound
¶" &
Enemy
q: /
Bringing war booties
"
He moved quickly
They interpreted
Quranic Arabic Program
RH
47
5 &% Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1 D FE [ . / X % > r >3# : E 9 & 1 p Q < & 1 Eh3 # $ d% , \E:H£ e ( I% / < (./ ( ,-1 a p< < 1 : A % :* .27$= q: 26Y H d# K H # ?* ( + ( L s ?% E [ ZN <: E ,p ?& ." # A RF Z D >% E qmd # e 5 I~ < Z Z% H*R R d # XQN ³ ")"# 2 Q < \ Eq:H" # f q?." # \ \ Eq" " # $ igN f " )"# t >I f< ; G :4 A % * l L 3 > \ (>/ 0 A 2R & ( @ < PQ Z.E ºe \E:H" # :>E .F < 4 E +a / 1 ?* E q. , / 4& a 1 A 5 1 , Z "E%e 283 H .Z& Abu Bakr sent a general letter towards the rebellious in all directions of the Peninsula. He also sent messengers along with this letter who went before the armies to read it in front of people. [The objective was] to open the door of return towards the truth and to allow an appropriate time for them so that they think in this matter. [The objective was] to become free from his responsibility in front of Allah before occurrence of war and bloodshed. 26, 27 The result was that collisions started between the Muslim armies and these arrogant people belonging to the false claimers of prophethood and the rebellious groups. The Muslims put their full effort in a liberal manner in these battles. Their faith became enlightened 28 in this wonderful situation when they became able to finish it before passing of a year to cut the root of lawlessness. The rebellious groups returned back to their religion that was preached by the Prophet. .68 ¤ b "Ç ª,9&{ ÉE1 (28) .321v320 ¤ 5V ow \
Explanation The most wonderful They were able to
Word
5 1 / 4&
E q.
End
Explanation They think He discharges his responsibility To happen, to occur
Word
Explanation
Word
<: E
He sent
1 : A %
( L s ?% E
A letter
<
Directions, plural of Ê
$ d%
K H #
.F
Bloodshed
$= q: Y H
Island i.e. Arabian peninsula
Eh3 #
Passing of year
+a / 1
Collisions
; G :4 A
Messengers, plural of 2&1
9 & 1
To cut, cutting
4 E
Armies, plural of r>I
Persecution, lawlessness
Root They return He communicated
< :>E ´ <
\ Eq" " #
Arrogant people, rebellious
f q?." #
False claimer of prophethood
2 Q <
He put full effort
3 H
It enlightened
Quranic Arabic Program
t >I
48
They go before
: E
So that they read
% >
Returning
5 I~
It allows Appropriate
D >% E ?& ." # Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1 Z E% p nR K "I : w 8 : < m E: p< < ,e & 1” :2 * (./ ( ,-1 a < 8 \ < : E \/ ( d >dA , P1 ? V c .(./ ( ,-1 4# \< " / \ R pF X Q N % : “.X:./ 4# \< "/ L "> N% # %>w O N Q# > 30\ " # < $ R < % " & e !c ,e n $ R < "> + E 29d &% :* e 2 , H "/ e” :(./ ( ,-1 p< < 2 * “. "/
1 PQ l L , E1 lQ P1:% A ( C b [ ,. I E "/ 2# h E Z … n K "3< H #
1 ,e n \ 33.2 Iq
1 :A 32B 31O ) % \ n K " 3 a < 8 \ < : E
Third: Collection of the Holy Quran This was the idea of U’mar Ibn Khattab. Bukhari reported in his Saheeh on the authority of Zaid Ibn Thabit. He said: “Abu Bakr, the Truthful, sent [a messenger] to me after the war with the ‘People of Yamamah’. At that time, U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab was with him.” Abu Bakr said: “U’mar has brougth [the matter] to me again and again and said that ‘killing of the Reciters [and the Memorizers] of the Quran was very intense 29 on the day of Yamamah. I fear that killing of the Reciters will continue in battle fields 30 and a big part of the Quran will go [i.e. destroy]. I think that you instruct to collect the Quran.’ U’mar kept reminding me until Allah has opened my heart for that and my opinion has become the same as the opinion of U’mar.” He instructed Zaid Ibn Thabit so he compiled the Quran from [various sources that included] the flat parts of date-palm trees 31, white flat stones 32 and memories of people 33. K "I :B (32) . * 1 R ! pE Z > )"# . R : E[ , N O >) K "% I :O ) (31) . d # : N ! \ : !"# ,N \G K "I :\ " # (30) :b :d & (29) .30 ¤ 6 f 1: .:b $ F# (33) .mG >*1 G E/ >< G 3 [ , N F (29) Istaharra means it became intensified. (30) Al-Muwatin is the plural of Mautin which means a place of war. (31) AlA’asab is the plural of Al-U’saib. It is a a flat part of a date-palm tree whose leaves are removed. (32) Al-Lakhaf is the plural of Lakhafah. It is a white, wide and thin stone. (33) The Rightly Guided Caliphs. Dr. Amin Al-Qudhah, Page 30
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Flat stones
B
It continued
Place, scene
: !"#
Places of war
" & \ " #
A flat part of date-palm tree
R : E[
I see, My opinion is
It is removed
R! pE
To instruct you
Leaves
Y 1
Wide
G E/
Thin
mG >*1
Word
1 H #
He takes matter to me
,. I E C b
He opened Flat part of date-palm tree used for writing
O ) %
Explanation Collecting Thinking, idea Time or place of war A town in Arab, place of great war He brought to me It intensified Reciter of Quran, plural of P1 * I fear
Quranic Arabic Program
49
Word
K "I R pF # "> , H d &% $ *R !c Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1 ,-1 m E: ( 3 H ª < e 1 ' ; / \ Eq:H"# R. K " * (./ ( ,-1 mE: p< ,<' Z p# d # & # : < :R > 9&{ ; [FR : < 1
! % . ' n : Q 1 ~. e ; "R |z \ < . V ce ( 2R &1 : "d ( ie ( e i " $= 9/e , N + 9&{ , R > ) E @ ºe (./ ( :\ >% ?I , X : / , ; [F p >< Eh3 # V 1 c /% :
.+ 9&{ R / 6 1 \EQ % FR # <1 d" Y e r a >3< p< < ( & 1 ª\E:H"# 2 * \ : > \ < : c Ì " :Y ! , % FR R ?I :=' 34 [ W 1 :/ , f ")"# ; 1 % H ZR8 %>w Z } . " )"# Z . ª%ZN : } * *R FR + h % " , \ >% 4 \ >% < a 2R ; % 1 .Z ¶h >% d # RQ H ¶d# A ¶<[ Z" p[ dH ; FR % * m ." # w % c Fourth: The Islamic Conquests: After the government of Abu Bakr, the Truthful became stable, the lawlessness of the rebellious groups was overcome and the matters returned to their normal conditions, the Siddique drew his attention to a superior mission about Islam. It is exaltation of the words that “There is no god except Allah and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah”. [It is the] bringing people out of the darkness and [bring them] towards the light. This was due to lack of time for spreading the [Islamic] call outside the Arabian Peninsula. [Since the governments outside the Arabian Peninsula used to persecute any person leaving his / her faith, therefore] the conquests during his period were in two directions: The first direction was towards the Iranians in East. When Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed [the most expert Muslim Military General] became free from fighting the rebellious groups, Abu Bakr sent him with an army towards Iraq to fight against the Iranians who rejected the call of Islam. The first battle happened between the two sides at Kazima 34. The Iranians were defeated and their leader was killed. The Muslims found huge quantities of war booties. Then the conquests of the Muslims continued in a number of battles until the areas situated on the West [bank] of the [River] Euphrates entered under their government by war or by reconciliation. They made “Al-Heera” as their center. .19 ¤ 4E# | (34)
(34) Look “Al-Khareeta” Page 19
Explanation War booties, plural of ">. It continued Victories Number of battles
Word
Z } . % H ; 1 W 1 :/
Explanation
! %
Spreading
Conquests
Word
; [FR
&
% FR
It returned
; /
He became free
Ì
Its normal
<
Fighting
2 *
He drew his attention
( 3 H
Objective, mission
E @
Persian
m ." #
They rejected
River Euphrates in Iraq
; FR
It happened
Reconciliation
¶d# A
Both sides
A town in Iraq
>% d #
A town in Iraq
Center, capital
¶h
They were defeated
\ >% ?I
Explanation
It became stable
Two directions, (>.wH of ?I
Areas
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
6 1 ; % 1 \ >% 4 "
50
+ h %
Superior, high Exaltation Because it lacked At this time
R > ) $= 9/e : Q ' n Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1 # ª+~ / W .N f " )"# : / )" + ! e r >3 # \ Za ) % * K ( I E # : > \ <% : c a p< < ! / w w .) \ a FA % b , 35 . 81 [ \ <% .w" # Y / % E $ ">< p ) % / + ! Y 1 ! ºe f d H F /~: \ r a >I 1 / ¤ \ <% : >& \ <% : c ( ./ ( ,-1 a p< < ( I :2 "q! , + ~ R ?I :R > w .t a >I <1 (./ ( ,-1 p<< h 3 : " # ( ? 4E a p< ,< ºe O ZR8 + ~ During the month of Safar 13H [the second month of the lunar calendar], Abu Bakr instructed Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed to move towards Syria with a division of army to help the Muslims there [who were fighting] against the Rome. He instructed him to leave Muthanna Ibn Al-Haaritha 35 at Iraq [as the chief commander]. Second direction was towards the Syria in the North. Abu Bakr sent Khalid Ibn Sa’eed Ibn Al-A’as towards the top of an army of the missionary conquerors towards the Eastern Syria. He camped at Teema and faced the Roman army. He wrote a letter to Abu Bakr in that he demanded for help and support. So Abu Bakr prepared four armies.
First: Its leader was A’mr Ibn Al’Aas and it was sent to Palestine.
ºe ( % qI ¤ \ < "/ X : } * :2' .\ >% 4 )
Second: Its leader was Shurhabeel Ibn Hasanah and it was sent to Jordan.
Third: Its leader was Yazeed Ibn Abi Sufyan and it was sent to Balaqa.
ºe (I .) [ \ < R >?[ b X : } * :° w . 1='
Fourth: Its leader was Abu U’baidah A’amir Ibn Al-Jarrah and it was sent to Hims. 36
(I >F& ¦ \< :EhE X:} * :M w .$= ?
C 3# \ < / :>?/ < X:} * :K< 36.È a " [ (I
30 ¤ 6 f 1: ª:b $ FÁ (36) .81 ¤ f">w Í 0 :?/ ª\E:b $ FÁ ÉE1 H E?. o) (35) (35) The Biography of the Prophet and the History of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, A’bdullah Al-Saleh Al-U’thaimeen, Page 81. (36) The Rightly-Guided Caliphs, Dr. Amin Al-Qudhaw, Page 30
Explanation It was sent to Palestine
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
( % qI
Eastern sides
Y 1 !
\ >% 4 )
He demanded
O 4E
Help
Division
Jordan
1='
Help
: " #
There
An area in South Syria
$= ?
Help, support
To leave
A town in Central Syria
È a " [
Leader
Quranic Arabic Program
: } * 51
Inviters to Islam, plural of ,/
Word
Za ) % * : / ) W .N % E # /~: Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1 J >% ? WG 1 % H ; a ?b% J :/ + ~ t >I \>% < .>< ; % 1 3 ! / w w .) } , f 4) + ! B 1 ! ºe f ")"# t >I % A : . J " >|/ ; G [R ")"# : 3 .% & .f " )"# H " ¶o? ¶!>I * % N + ~ l :/ + ~ f ")"# f < ' 37 ; b ." # : < :X13 .& :\ E .I R v .ZH%: 3 . r >3# \ Za ) < Y \ ( I E # :> \< : c p< < (./ ( ,-1 p< ,<<
PQ ¤ \ < "/ K B R* K >"3 # m 4 . ¶ " ¶?>HH Z?H1 Z% H >* .+ ! , f ")"# < m d [ a N Q a / )< $U dq :G c Y c% 38 .Z>/ o? " E%hN + ")"# + h N 4 " f 4) ,- 1 \ \ E .I , ¶o? ¶>1 ¶!>I ( I E The Muslim armies reached at the high plains of Syria and Palestine in initial months of 13H. A number of small battles happened between them and the Roman armies which were followed by great wars and big conquests. [Following are] from them: A. The Battle of Ajnadeen 13H: After initial fights37 between the Muslims and the Rome, the king of Rome, Hercules prepared a great military to fight against the Muslims. The Muslims asked from help from Abu Bakr and he instructed Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed to move from Iraq with a division of army to relieve them. Khalid passed the desert with an amazing speed and joined the Muslims at Syria. He changed their leadership and arranged them in a superior organization. All of them rushed to stay with A’mr Ibn Al-A’as who was facing towards a great Roman army at Ajnadeen in the land of Palestine. When both sides met [in the battlefield], the Muslims defeated the Romans greatly38 and became victorious against them.
86 ¤ f">w Í 0 :?/ ª\E:b $ FÁ ÉE1 H E?. o) (38) .r>» : c P b . K¼ :; % b .£ (37) (37) Al-Munawashat is the plural of Munawashah which means the initial fight of the front part of an army. (38) The Biography of the Prophet and the History of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, A’bdullah Al-Saleh Al-U’thaimeen, Page 86.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Superior
¶ "
It relieved them
They rushed
m 4
He passed through
To stay Land Two sides
B R*
They become victorious
Explanation
Word
ZH%: 3
It reached
% A
Y c%
High lands
B 1 !
Speed
a / &
Initial months
}
,- 1
Amazing
a N Q
It happened
; % 1
4
He joined
m d
Fights, battles
; a ?b%
+ h N
He turned
H
It followed by
% H
Z% H >*
Fights, battles
; b ." #
They defeated Defeat
Word
" E%hN
Quranic Arabic Program
Their leadership He organized them
Z?H1
To fight
Organization
¶?>HH
He called for help
52
H : 3 .% & Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1 \ f " )"# < 2 "q! , È a "[ \ ; % $U I , + ~ ; *R K ma ! % \ .3 # e $ j QN S :[ :13 .& F# ~ V v
, m ! > [ M >@> :q! R N \ . * N ( w < PQ + ~ r >I d Z% < 1 & .B RF~ $U 1 : >?/ < ( :G c * ... .3 # : > \< : c Z>e | F V , " I B a in ! / \ w + : / ´ < ª N d o ) E e ")"# 4 - ")"# N A dE 40 39 .Z % R ; % :?H ¶ow Z. R* Z% N p ) % / ")"# A + ~ + h % "# X Q N , \ E .I + E a ? ( ! >I ÂR q? E 5 & ZR8
( H (./ ( ,-1 p< ,< k \< "/ E 9 ºe > V E i ¶E ! / ) "c "d # < O >AR a 1 < + E , ) ( (./ ( ,-1 mE: p< ,< k O ?& .( , ( Z h (./ ( ,-1 R "w/ >? , N ( 1h E ( >e Rc :E . . < ,j E 4# B. The Battle of Maraj-us-Sufr 13H: This encounter occurred in the South of Damascus with the Roman armies coming from Hims in the North. They seized Muslims from the South …. Khalid was behind the rows and Abu U’baida was with him. A Roman army similar to that of the Roman army sent by the Hercules passed by them. They were very powerful and violent to help their garrison at Damascus to seize the Muslims. So the Muslims were forced to move in the similar way. The number of Romans reached above 10,000. They gathered at Maraj-us-Sufr. Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed looked at them and moved quickly. He was mobilizing his army like the mobility of the day of Ajnadeen. In this battle, the Romans were defeated, the Muslims reached at their camp, killed them a lot and dispersed their troops. 39 40
The Sickness of Abu Bakr & His Death The reason of sickness of Abu Bakr, the truthful was that he took a bath on a cold day and was caught by a viral infection for 15 days. He did not use to come out for the prayer and instructed U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab to lead people for prayer. People used to enter into his [house] and visit him while he was staying at home and Uthman was arranging them during his sickness. .293 ¤ 2 " 2 / :µ ªm! ºe mE4 (40) .Z. K4 .£ ,* ? P :Z¢ (39) (39) Fululahum means the remaining troops separated from their army. (40) The Road to Damascus, Ahmed A’adil Kamal, Page 293.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
1 &
Explanation
Word
V
Military troops
2 R
He moved
Reason
O ?&
To help
M >@>
It happened
S :[
Sickness
k
Garrison, army
> [
Meeting, encounter
$ j
4 -
Armed Forces
; *R
They blocked from various sides
H
Joining point
He washed, took a bath
)
They were forced
He was attached by
O >AR
It blocked from various side
A viral infection
"d #
He mobilized
ÂR q? E
To fight
< H
Mobilizing
a ?H
He stayed
*
They meet He made it their duty
1hE Z h
Quranic Arabic Program
A dE
; % :?H
They dispersed
53
Rows of an army
B RF~ Level 03
Lesson 3B: The Biography of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique (./ 0 ,-1 \ >% .& ( 9c % p 3 ! / S R 98 .& c
"I \ f < 2a > , "w $ 89w > $= ) (./ ( ,-1 p< < , H [ (< k "# 2 .2a > ! / b R 898 .a 89w< >* \ >% <w< \ jFR ./ ( ,-1 y >"/ .% < $= "&% ( I ( ) @H v (./ ( ,-1 v A :* (>/ 0 A ( 2 &1 ,F
41 L d" <
( & 1 I +9) 9 (>/ ( ?[ A O I ºe 9 > \ (./ ( ,-1 4# \< "/ (>/ A 42 .$ h3 # o c f " )"# + 9&{ \ / X hI ( ./ , 1 ( ( " [ 1 .Z&
( 1 ." # .E:" # < >9&{ 3# ª“>< @ Z>H” \ L# c) His sickness continue until Abu Bakr died at the 23rd night while eight nights were remaining from Jamadi-al-Ukhra 13H [the 6th month of the lunar calendar]. So his Caliphate remained for two years, three months and 10 nights. In his will, he asked that his wife Asma Bint A’mees to give him [his dead body] a bath. He was wrapped in two cloths and it is also said that [he was wrapped] in three cloths. U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab [led the] funeral prayer for him and buried him on the side of his friend [the Holy Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him]. His head was kept parallel41 to the shoulder of Allah’s Prophet42. May Allah be merciful for him and may be pleased with him. May Allah reward him the best reward for [his contribution to] Islam and Muslims. .33 6 f 1: ª:b $ FÁ (42) .X P : L dÎ (41) (41) Muhazat means parallel to. (42) The Rightly Guided Caliphs, Dr. Amin Al-Qudhah, Page 33
Rule of the Day Past Tense in its simple form means that “Someone did something once in past.” You can add different words to it to change its sense. It is described in detail in later chapters. Just note the following:
is added before the past tense in order to make the sentence negative. # e ª are added before the past tense to make the sentence conditional. ªN are added before the past tense to make the sentence interrogative. Face the Challenge! What is the difference between O and O R ?
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Parallel
X
He was wrapped (in cloths after death)
\ jFR
Evening
Two shoulders
,F
He buried
\
Remaining
He rewarded him
X hI
Parallel
Quranic Arabic Program
L d 54
He asked in his will
Word
$= ) f < A Level 03
Lesson 4A: The Past Tense: Passive Voice
23 ,-
The Result (1) Compare the result. Each line carried two marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
27 ,-
+ ,-
@>A
Past Tense: Passive Voice
Past Tense: Active Voice
Person
He was killed
*=
He killed
*U
O} Q :[
Both of them were killed (male)
9*=
Both of them killed (male)
9*U
O} Q >.wH
They were killed (male)
R*=
They killed (male)
R*U
O} Q K¼
She was killed
% *=
She killed
% *U
O} Mg :[
Both of them were killed (female)
*=
Both of them killed (female)
*U
O} Mg >.wH
They were killed (female)
\ # *=
They killed (female)
\ # *U
O} Mg K¼
You were killed (male)
# *=
You killed (male)
# *U
- [ Q :[
Both of you were killed (male)
"# *=
Both of you killed (male)
"# *U
- [ Q >.wH
You all were killed (male)
Z% # *=
You all killed (male)
Z% # *U
- [ Q K¼
You were killed (female)
# *=
You killed (female)
# *U
- [ Mg :[
Both of you were killed (female)
"# *=
Both of you killed (female)
"# *U
- [ Mg >.wH
You all were killed (female)
\# *=
You all killed (female)
\# *U
- [ Mg K¼
I was killed
# *=
I killed
# *U
Zp :[
.# *U
Zp K¼
We were killed
Quranic Arabic Program
.# *=
We killed
55
Level 03
23 ,-
Lesson 4A: The Past Tense: Passive Voice
27 ,-
+ ,-
@>A
Past Tense: Passive Voice
Past Tense: Active Voice
Person
He was raised
K 1
He raised
K 1
O} Q :[
Both of them were raised (male)
1
Both of them raised (male)
1
O} Q >.wH
They were raised (male)
1
They raised (male)
1
O} Q K¼
She was raised
% 1
She raised
% 1
O} Mg :[
Both of them were raised (female)
1
Both of them raised (female)
1
O} Mg >.wH
They were raised (female)
\ % 1
They raised (female)
\ % 1
O} Mg K¼
You were raised (male)
% 1
You raised (male)
% 1
- [ Q :[
Both of you were raised (male)
"% 1
Both of you raised (male)
"% 1
- [ Q >.wH
You all were raised (male)
Z% % 1
You all raised (male)
Z% % 1
- [ Q K¼
You were raised (female)
% 1
You raised (female)
% 1
- [ Mg :[
Both of you were raised (female)
"% 1
Both of you raised (female)
"% 1
- [ Mg >.wH
You all were raised (female)
\% 1
You all raised (female)
\% 1
- [ Mg K¼
I was raised
% 1
I raised
% 1
Zp :[
.% 1
Zp K¼
We were raised
Quranic Arabic Program
.% 1
We raised
56
Level 03
Lesson 4A: The Past Tense: Passive Voice
23 ,-
27 ,-
+ ,-
@>A
Past Tense: Passive Voice
Past Tense: Active Voice
Person
He was brought closer
*=
*U
O} Q :[
Both of them were brought closer (male)
<*=
Both of them came closer (male)
<*U
O} Q >.wH
They were brought closer (male)
< *=
They came closer (male)
< *U
O} Q K¼
She was brought closer
% < *=
She came closer
% < *U
O} Mg :[
Both of them were brought closer (female)
< *=
Both of them came closer (female)
< *U
O} Mg >.wH
They were brought closer (female)
\ <% *=
They came closer (female)
\ <% *U
O} Mg K¼
You were brought closer (male)
<% *=
You came closer (male)
<% *U
- [ Q :[
Both of you were brought closer (male)
"<% *=
Both of you came closer (male)
"<% *U
- [ Q >.wH
You all were brought closer (male)
Z% <% *=
You all came closer (male)
Z% <% *U
- [ Q K¼
You were brought closer (female)
<% *=
You came closer (female)
<% *U
- [ Mg :[
Both of you were brought closer (female)
"<% *=
Both of you came closer (female)
"<% *U
- [ Mg >.wH
You all were brought closer (female)
\<% *=
You all came closer (female)
\<% *U
- [ Mg K¼
I was brought closer
<% *=
I came closer
<% *U
Zp :[
.<% *U
Zp K¼
We were brought closer
.<% *=
He came closer
We came closer
Worth Reading What is the difference between an extremist and a moderate person? Which approach is better: Extremism or Moderatism? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0015-Extremist.htm
Quranic Arabic Program
57
Level 03
Lesson 4A: The Past Tense: Passive Voice
23 ,-
27 ,-
+ ,-
@>A
Past Tense: Passive Voice
Past Tense: Active Voice
Person
He was listened
K " &
He listened
K " &
O} Q :[
Both of them were listened (male)
"&
Both of them listened (male)
"&
O} Q >.wH
They were listened (male)
" &
They listened (male)
" &
O} Q K¼
She was listened
% " &
She listened
% " &
O} Mg :[
Both of them were listened (female)
" &
Both of them listened (female)
" &
O} Mg >.wH
They were listened (female)
\ % " &
They listened (female)
\ % " &
O} Mg K¼
You were listened (male)
% " &
You listened (male)
% " &
- [ Q :[
Both of you were listened (male)
"% " &
Both of you listened (male)
"% " &
- [ Q >.wH
You all were listened (male)
Z% % " &
You all listened (male)
Z% % " &
- [ Q K¼
You was listened (female)
% " &
You listened (female)
% " &
- [ Mg :[
Both of you were listened (female)
"% " &
Both of you listened (female)
"% " &
- [ Mg >.wH
You all were listened (female)
\% " &
You all listened (female)
\% " &
- [ Mg K¼
I was listened
% " &
I listened
% " &
Zp :[
.% " &
Zp K¼
.% " &
We were listened
We listened
Face the Challenge! Identify 10 words from your vocabulary related to the passive voice of Past Tense.
Quranic Arabic Program
58
Level 03
Lesson 4A: The Past Tense: Passive Voice
23 ,-
The Result (2) Compare the result. Each word carried two marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
,</
English
R .p ) % " # R jQ Z% >% / % <
Humiliation and misery was stamped upon them. And when the son of Marry was put as an example.
9 w Z E% \ <% "
If he died or was killed, will you turn on your heels.
Z% pR < /% / Z% ?% % *= % ; \%E
If they were with us, they did not die and were not killed.
R*= H : .% / %
O people! An example was put. So listen to it.
" &% J w . ~E E
And the person who was killed wrongfully, so We have made his heirs powerful (by giving them the right to plead against him in the court.)
4# & ( q> .# I :% R|# *= \%
And when it is said to them, do not make mischief in the earth.
k 1% 'U , :) F# H i Z% >* Le
And when the girl that was buried alive was asked, for what sin she was killed.
% *R O a %L qP< . % & R =$% " # Le
And when the wild beasts were herded together. (In Arabic, past tense is used to describe a confirm event of future.)
; % ! [ t [ # Le
If we had anything to do in this matter, we were not killed here.
.N N .# *= $T ,% b % 'U \% . %
And when the reports (of good and bad deeds of a person) were unfoled.
; % ! d ~ Le
And when the sky was torn.
% 4 ! R $= ") Le Z 8#{ < R h # ( H%Q c ( m H ( >* Le
And when it was said to him, “Be fearful to Allah.” Arrogance took him to sin. Rule of the Day
A sentence has three components: the verb, the subject (one who performs a task) and the object (on whom the task was performed). First two are essential part of a sentence while the object is not always essential. For example &1 : G E O (Zaid wrote a letter). Here O is the verb, :G E is the subject and
&1 is the object.
Quranic Arabic Program
59
Level 03
Lesson 4A: The Past Tense: Passive Voice
23 ,-
,</
English
& " Z% pR &1 R) % H # :EH +% R ?% * \% &
Do you intend to ask your prophet as Moses was asked before. Do they not see the camels how they were created? (In Arabic, a group as a whole is considered ‘feminine’. Therefore, the feminine pronoun is used for it.)
% c >% <{ e |R .% E 9 % 1 >% $ ") e
And towards the sky, how it was raised ?
% d 4 & >% k 1% 'U e
And towards the earth, how it was leveled?
% ? >% 2 ?3 # e
And towards the mountains, how they were fixed ?
a 3 / \% R ){ m c
Human being was created of haste.
F> R ){ m c
Human being was created weak. Were they created of nothing or We are their Creator?
¬R # Z% N +% $a ,% b >% \% R c +%
The man should think from what he was created . He was created from a gushing fluid.
$a \% m c .m c Z R ){ % |R .># ma
Fasting was made mandatory for you as it was made mandatory for those who were before you.
\ EQ / O R " + >q Z% pR >% / O R Z% pR ?% * \% k 1% 'U ; " ) R c +%
Have they created the heavens and the earth. (The voice is active here, not the passive one.) Retaliation was made mandatory for you in case of a murder. And We carried him on (an ark) made of wooden planks and nails. It flows in our sight (on the water), as a reward for that who was rejected.
Quranic Arabic Program
60
% # , ¤ # Z% pR >% / O R P3 % H .a & C a # ; L / X .# " [ F R \% " $ hI ..>/% <
Level 03
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purification The Result: Calculate your score. Each paragraph carries 10 mark. If your score is less than 80%, repeat the exercise. The translation is provided for each paragraph. Text in parenthesis [ ] is the information not describe in the original Arabic text but its sense is understood.
1 4
The Law of Physical Purification
N% y I% q Z pR .% / O N Q# > ( :EE "e :º H 0 2 * ³ " .,A " # W q! \ /
>% ? C 94A , R 1 4 . >q)d # 1 4 >% J E . J 1 X Q .2 < Z% >jh H Z% N q4 H *:A Z% % \% Q# c :º H (* .1 o4# H ZR q4 E .Z ~"> , R < 1 4 R >" p# [ ª$ "# < 1 4 R > > [ R RpH ªM a ?c S a : [ \% N d 9 \ K ."E K # 1 :$ FR
:a ")* N "N d B 4 9 \ ){ K ."E : ? < + R E G A % S R : d # :¬RS: d # The Definition of Purity: The [word] purity applies on and it is meant [by the word purity] to be free of filth and moving away of paganism and sins. As in Allah’s words: “Allah intends to take away the filth from you, O family [of Prophet] and purify you with [a perfect] purification.”1 And in His words, “Take charity [as a mandatory tax] from their wealth and purify them and purify [their souls] by it.” 2 So this is moral purity not the physical cleanliness. The purity in the terminology of [Islamic] jurists is: Taking away whatever forbids prayer and similar to that from abstract or physical filth. It [the purity] may be real like purification with water, and it may also be assumed, like purification with soil in case of Tayammum. What is Impurity? The impurity is a characteristic attached to the body of a human being that forbids him to perform prayer or Circumambulate [around the Holy Ka’aba] and other rituals like that. It has two types:
9:103 < (2) .33:33 h[' (1)
(1) Al-Ahzaab 33:33, (2) Al-Taubah 9:103
Worth Reading! What is the difference between Monotheism and Polytheism? Why the Polytheism not acceptable in front of God? How to avoid polytheism in our prayers? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0009-Monotheism.htm Explanation
Word
Raising, taking away He / It forbids
Word
K # 1
Filth, moral filth
y I% q
K ."E
He purifies you
ZR q4 E
S a : [
Abstract filth, impurity
Explanation
o4# H
Purification
Explanation Definition Purity It is applied on
Word
EH R 1 4 m 4H
M a ?c
You purify them
Z% N q4 H
It is meant
Real
R > > [
You purify them
Z% >jh H
Being free of
N h.
Declared
R >" p# [
Abstract, moral
J E .
Filth
1 Q*# '
Attribute, characteristic
G A %
Physical
Moving away
Physical filth
It attaches to the body
: ? < + R E
Quranic Arabic Program
>q)d # C 94A
Terminology
61
Sins, wrongdoings
< E
,A " # Level 03
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purification , R & 3. N M R ? # ¬M? # . < .3 # :9 )R OI N Ï ? S J :[ .2 .+ . ª} @ ª2? $- O I N ª@ A S J : [ .1 . N >% k 1' w :? O >H 1. Minor Impurity: It is that [impurity which] makes Ablution mandatory. For example delivering urine, stool or sleeping. 2. Major Impurity: It is that [impurity which] makes a bath mandatory. For example, abstract impurity due to sexual intercourse. What is Physical Filth: The physical filth is the impurity that attaches to a body, a cloth, land or other things.
/ R & 3.
Impurity & Its Types
, + : H " ~P .% "# . ~,q)d # . R & 3. .2 ? 1Q . ( < A R ) @E ./ X h.E # Z )"# / O 3 E , R 1 Q :,N R & 3. .J >) [ % ) > J E. J & 3 f !"# & 3 N | (< ) “( y G 3 R ! % " # "e” :º H (* , 1 qP.%" # \ " . 1 4 (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 (./ 0 ,-1 EN ,< M R E:d R } @ :(R< ~, R } v1 :,HE 5 ' X QN qZN \ ª 5 G R >)d# ; & 3. Z& (>/ 0 A ¯. (./ 0 ,-1 :>& ,< ME:[ (, >? Z ¹ < X 1) “.1G (
L' ( % .< Z% R : [ , Le” :2 * Z& .( ?[ \< Z ¹ < :µ (Ic) “. " > # > ZR8 k 1' < ( d %) "% > w?c
1 "> % |R .% > (%> % O % # ># : 3 ) % "# Z% R : [ $U I Le” :2 * The impurity is: “The filth [when attaches to the body], it makes it obligatory for a Muslim to get rid of it and wash whatever [filth] is attached to [his / her body] like blood or urine. Impurity may be physical or abstract as passed under the head “Purification”. The abstract filth is what came in [Allah’s] words, “Surely the [views of] polytheists are impure.” So it is apparent that the filth of the polytheists was virtual not physical. Physical filth has different types. The most important of these types are following: 1. Urine or Stool of a Person: Regarding the stool, in the Hadith of Abu Hurairah that Allah’s Apostle said, “When some filth [like urine or stool] is attached to the shoe of anyone of you, then the soil makes it pure.” (Abu Dawood, Hakim & Baihiqi reported it.) The Hadith of Abu Saeed that the Prophet said, “When anyone of you come to the mosque, he should turn his shoes to see [its sole]. If he finds some filth, he should rub it with the land then wear it.”
Explanation Shoe
Word
%
Explanation
5
Types, plural of 5
Harmful, filth
L'
Filth
Purity
1G
To become pure, to get rid of
He should turn
O % # >#
Blood coming out of vagina
He should wipe / rub He should reach / wear
D %) "% > # >
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
62
O I
Urine
2 ?
X h.E #
Stool
} @
1Q
Sleep
+ .
,
He presses to level
It makes obligatory
Word
R 1 Q
1
It is brought
Explanation
The state of impurity after sexual intercourse
< .3 #
It hits
O >H Level 03
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purification ....\ >% d >d , N .$ \ G L ,< /' 2 < / Y E # Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. "./ ( ,-1 y EN ¦ ME:d 2R ? $ e ³ Op b Le” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ( 2&1 (./ ( ,-1 EN ¦ ME:[ \ "No f d>d , ?8 " :O # p R v2 “. z < \N i ; K ?% & ( ) @% E O p (> ´ Le ZR: [ $ e 1 R ” ::"%[ Z) X 1 “. %?& ()@% ># Z:[ >d# q+ \ <8 O >E :[e” : Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. e J ; % $U I : * "./ ( ,-1 p< ,< .< $ ¨ M E:d : >d# ~+ v3 3 2 1 ((>/ mF) “.(> ,j H ZR8 ( d 6 .% H Ð $ "# < (A # H ZR8 ( d H” :2 “¬K.H > # Z d v4 :+ ' ) “.y G I% 1 ( a Eh.% c Z d % % [RF) % % >% RpE # ie ( " 4# E Za / / d ,e , [ R , : I i # *R ” :º H ( : Eh.% .y 3 . : y I% q (145 Regarding the urine, the Hadith of Abu Huraira & Anas that the Prophet ordered to pour water on the urine of the villager [who delivered urine in the Mosque in Prophet’s presence]. It is reported in the two Saheeh [authentic books written by Bukhari & Muslim]. 2. The Saliva of a Dog: As proved in the two Saheehs and other books from the Hadith of Abu Huraira that Allah’s Prophet said, “When a dog drinks in a utensil of anyone of you, he should wash it seven times.” According to the report of Muslim & Ahmed, “When a dog licks in utensils of anyone of you, the purification [should be achieved] by washing it seven times, first time with soil.” 3. The Blood of Menstruation: As mentioned in the Hadith of Asma Bint Abu Bakr, she described that a woman came to the Prophet and said, “The blood of menstruation attaches to cloth worn by anyone of us, so what is opinion?” He replied, “Rub it with your fingers and nails by pouring water, then rub it again and then perform prayer in the same cloth.” (Bukhari & Muslim agreed to report this Hadith) 4. Flesh of a Pig: As in His [Allah’s] words, “Say, I do not find anything edible thing forbidden except that it is dead, or blood spilling over, or flesh of a pig, surely it is filthy.” The word “Rijs” means impure or filthy. (1) Tahuttau means subbing it with a stone or a stick having good fumes. (2) Taqrusahu means rubbing it with fingers and nails. (3) Tandahahu means pouring water over it.
Explanation
Word
Z d
Meat
Eh.% #
Pig
Explanation
:( A # H (2) .9 w a / a 3 [ B 4< ( pd H P :( d H (1) ( b H :( d 6 .H (3) .1 F' K < A' B < ( pR :H P .$ "# <
Word
( pd H
She rubs
a /
Stick
Explanation To spill over Half full bucket of water
Word
Y E # G L
I do not find
: I i
She rubs
¤ # H
Saliva
R
Forbidden
d
She rubs
( pR :H
Blood
~+
Za /
Fingers
K < A'
Menstruation
Nails
1 F'
One of us
:[e
Eater, one who eats
>%
Dead body Shed, spilled over
>d#
[RF) %
She spills over
D 6 .% H
She does
K .H
y G I% 1
She spills over
(b H
She rubs
d H
Filthy
Quranic Arabic Program
63
Level 03
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purification ; :% I ªa1 3[% 89w< ( >Hn , } @ Z& (>/ 0 A ~,?. H :2 * (./ ( ,-1 a ) \ < M E:d :( " d % R gE i S J 1 2J < v5 "E%h c \ < (I \ < P1 ? X 1 “.y G I1 QN” :2 * 8% \ E3 d # Q c ª < (>H 8% 1 ; Q# c ªX: I Z% M w ) % " ª\E%3[ “.1a "[ R 8% 1 e ªGy# 1 e” :a E 1 , 5. Urine & Dung of [Animals] whose Meat is not Eaten: As mentioned in the Hadith of Ibn Mas’ud, he said: The Prophet went for discharging stool and asked me to bring him three stones. I found only two stones. I looked for the third one but did not find. I took a [dried piece of] dung and brought them to him. He took the two stones and threw the dung and said, “This is impure.” Bukhari, Ibn Maja and Ibn Khuzaimah reported it and added in the narration, “Surely, this is pure.” It was the dung of a donkey.
X >" # + p[% <
The Chapter on Laws about Water
: > [ ( # c / q,* ? $ "# 2R w" . "p[ > [ ( c / ~,* ? $= "# N :14 $= "# :i .( ~ E ZG p[ . jpR +a )* :/ e $= "# Z ) .E :( " p[ . 3 ! Y 1 O d4 (./ $ "# ; A ~m! E "< >@ " # $= "# : "p[ ( c / ,* ? $ "# 2 w .¸ w 1 4' ª$ ") \ 2R . $= "# “. ¶1 $ $ ") \ .h ” :º H 0 2 * .+ 4 , % ! ; , ) % @ $ - ; ? , R " )E X >% @ G q4 ( ) F , GN ( 1“.( >% zd # X 1 4 N” : d? \/ & : ./ Z& (>/ 0 A 2 * (25:48 *F ) Water can be divided into a number of types. For each of them, there are specific laws: 1. Purifying Water: It is the water which remains at its original form by reality or by legal decree. Example of the water at its original form is the water coming down from the sky e.g. rain or snow. Example of the water remaining at its original form by legal decree is the water whose properties are changed and the word “water” is not applicable to it e.g. water having moss or leaves of a tree. The law about it is that this type of water is pure in itself and can purify other things. It can be used for performing ablution or taking a bath religious worships. [It can also be used] in normal matters like drinking or cooking food. Allah, the Exalted said, “We brought pure water from the sky.” When [the Prophet] was asked about the sea, he said: “It’s water is pure and its dead animals are lawful [to eat].” QN :P Q 2 * R ) "# X 1 (1) \ < : "d & D G >dA M R E:d# D>dA M J E:[ 2 ( ./ P 1 ? >/ "%&e T
1. Five [compilers of Hadith i.e. Tirmidhi, Ibn Maja, Nisai, Abu Dawood & Ahmed Ibn Hanbal] reported it and Tirmidhi said, “This Hadith is authentic and I asked Muhammad Ibn Ismael Al-Bukhari [the biggest expert to check authenticity of Hadith] about it and he declared it authentic.”
Explanation
Word
¸ w
Snow
>@ " #
Changed
~m! E
It comes out Moss, water vegetation
O d4 G q4
One that purifies something It is used
R " )E
Cooking
, %
Explanation
X >" #
Water
Explanation
Word
Animal dung
S J 1 R gE
It is divided
Z ) .E
It is eaten
It is specific to it
( ~ E
Stones, plural of 3[
Remaining
~,* ?
I looked for, I asked for
Its original form
( c
He threw
By decree
"p[
Filth
y G I1
Coming down
2R .
Filth
y G # 1
Donkey
1a "[
1 4'
Water
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
64
1a 3[% ) % "
Level 03
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purification
| [ + 1G ( :("p[ . 6 < jR ( A \ >@ N >% m >*: \ ? < R w G N $T ,b ( 4 c PQ $= "# N :N 4 $ "# : > 8 PQ $= "# N :y3. $ "# : w 8 .X >% @ a q4 >% ( ) a F , ¶N m 4"# $ "# Z & ( .E i M R >d< ( * 9e \/ V c # ª(>/ $ "# Z& Y 9{ .Z / 0 = ª; , i ; ? , i ( R "& 3E i ( :("p[ .R d } ªZ% 4 ªR : 89w ( A : [ ; % > ( >/ % ? @ J & 3 ( % 4 c 2. Pure Water: It is the water in which some pure thing is mixed like soap, milk, flour etc. and its properties change wholly or partly. The laws about it are: It is purifying until the name “water” can be applied over it. If it came out of such application that the name “water” cannot be applied on it absolutely [e.g. it is called juice, milk etc.]. It is pure in itself but it cannot purify something else. 3. Filthy Water: It is the water in which some filth mixed, then became dominated and changed one of its three properties i.e. color, taste and smell. The law about it is that it is neither allowed to use for [ablution etc for] worship or normal use. And Allah knows better.
R & 3. ( % < A >% 4H
Purifying the Attached Filth
( R O % E G 8 )@ : < , < # ªJ>} % e .>/ 2 hH [ $ "# < R)R O I J & 3 ( <8 ){ :< A Le : w : ? >% 4H v1 EN ,< M E:d >/ $ "# qO < q4 H ¥ J & 3 k 1' % < A Le :k 1' >% 4H v2 . >d# + , + : " # $U "&% M E:d lL ª(./ FR ik 1% ' (ZG ) % I P) +G % I ª } R & 3. % e B F3 # < lQ 4H “.$ "# \ <L (>/ ~?A ” :q, 2 < , + : "# y a . ./ & 3. f / 2 h< ie % 4# H 1. Purifying Body or Cloths: When filth is attached to the body or the cloth of a person, it is essential to wash it with water till it removes visibly, if it is visible. If its mark remains after washing and it is difficult to remove [that mark] then it is exempt. That is mentioned in the Hadith of Asma previously mentioned [in this text] about the blood of menstruation. 2. Purifying Land: When filth is attached to land, it becomes pure by pouring water over it. As mentioned in the Hadith of Abu Huraira & Anas [mentioned] above about urine of a person, “Pour a bucket half-full of water.” It also becomes pure by drying, if the filth is liquid. If it is sold, then the land does not purify unless the filth is physically removed from it.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Removal
2R
Color
R
It mixes
Exempt
FR
Taste
Z % 4
Soap
<
Flour
m >*:
Previously mentioned
+ : " #
Smell, odor
R d }
qOA
Purification
>% 4H
It changed
It removes
2 hH
Application
Y 9e
To spill over Being dry
c
B F3 #
>
Liquid
}
Visibly
.>/
It reaches, it becomes applicable
2 .E
Solid body
+G % I
Visible
J >}
It dominates
% ?
Solid body
ZG ) % I
It changed
; % >
Quranic Arabic Program
O % E
It is difficult
65
Level 03
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purification R|.% ># (> O# ># : 3)"# ZR: [ $U I Le” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. :>& ¦ ME:d ªk1' , l #: < # % . 4# E : % . o4H v3 # J & 3 $U { < A Le :$ { o4H v4 . ?[ \< Z d# < :"%[ (Ic “. " >% j > Z8R k 1% ' < (%d) "> w?c
1 " >% f /O NQH [ )@% E $U { O p R >% R & 3. Le .O#p R , + : "# M E:d ~ < \N :[e ; a K ?% & R ) @E ( q O a # R . dE%1 & 3. 3. Purification of Shoes: Shoes and leather socks purify by rubbing on the land. As mentioned in the Hadith of Abu Sa’eed that the Prophet said, “When anyone of you come to the mosque, he should turn his shoes to see [its sole]. If he finds some filth, he should rub it with the land then wear it.” Ahmed, Abu Dawood, Hakim and Ibn Habban reported it. 4. Purification of Utensils: When filth is attached to utensils, if it is the saliva of a dog, it is washed seven times, once by soil as mentioned in the Hadith previously mentioned about the saliva of a dog. If the filth is other than the saliva of a dog, then the utensil should be washed till the filth itself, or its color or its smell is completely removed.
$ - <
The Chapter of Ablution
d ) % m " # e Z% pR E: E% Z% pR N I R) # 9 e Z% "% *R Le . n \ EQ ~E E” :º H (* , 1 RQ"# $ 6/' < m H J >} J 1 :$= - ( ,-1 EN ,< M R E:[ R < ) R E : I R > .B 4 9 1 \ / O G I :("p[ .(5:6 :} "# ) “.\ >% ?% p # e Z% pR I 1% Z% pR & =$ < : ,< x R F .P1 ? xF :"%[ PQ < >! X 1 “.-E [ S : [% \% R 9A R ? H i” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. (./ . 1 6 < \ Eq: \ ¶ 1 .$ - >/ ! / f")"# 5 "I% e : % :* ." ...J 9A ~ZH i" Ablution is purification by water that relates to the body organs mentioned in Allah’s words, “O believers! When you stand for the prayer, wash your faces and your hands till elbows and wipe your heads [with wet hands] and [wash] your feet till ankles.” The law about it is that it is essential for the person who wants to perform a prayer or to circumambulate [the Holy Ka’ba]. The Argument for Obligation: The verse mentioned previously and the Hadith of Abu Huraira that the Prophet said, “The prayer [of that person] is not acceptable who had a filth until he performs ablution.” Two big scholars [Bukhari & Muslim], Abu Dawood, Tirmidhi and Ahmed reported it. The words belong to Bukhari. In words of Abu Dawood, “The prayer is not finished until ….” The consensus of Muslims occurred on the legitimacy of ablution. It became well-known necessity in the religion.
Explanation
Word
-E
He performs ablution Bukhari & Muslim
>!
Explanation Heads, plural of G 1 Feet, plural of J I% 1
It does not complete
~ZH i
Ankles, plural of O G
It occurred / happened
: %
Essential, mandatory
Consensus Religious legitimacy
5 "I% e >/ ! 1 A
It became Essentiality, necessity
1 6
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
=$1 I 1% \ >% ?% p # O G I
Explanation Leather socks
#
Rubbing
l #:
Smell, odor, aroma
D E% 1
Related to water
J >}
He intends
1
It relates
Reason, logic
R >
Body organs
It is not accepted
R ? H i
You stand
He became impure
S : [%
Elbows, plural of m G
66
Word
m H $ 6/' Z% "% *R m " # Level 03
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purification :, N k F X Q N ª /%b (< ~:% E i ¶* R pE $U - k G % . È Le k G $ - :$ - k R e q! < . \ ( I ~:[ .[O G d ) >* ] D I / J ?I 1 w.&i Y !.&i R " 6 "6" # ª' Z F ( I \ ª(I% R ) % v1 1 ª L' ( . ª# D ) v3 .2 )@"# , %" # R c:E :\%> % " # ºe \ E:> R ) v2 . ¶-/ L' e LR '= \/ ªiR \ >% >dj F & , R ?p c:E :\%>?p ºe \%> I R ) v4 . < :"%[ X 1 “. \ LR '= ” :ME:d [O G d ) >* ] DI / O G I "d)" 2 a 6 % / ) % qcg E i ,N : i " # v6 . E , $U I " fI R )@E ZR8 < D )"E ZR8 \E:> ZR8 ( I )@E N :O>H v5 .2 )@"# .(?* PQ 3 E [ Essential parts of Ablution: For Ablution, there are certain essential parts, if anyone of them is missing, the Ablution will be incomplete. Trespassing it is not allowed in the Shari’ah [Islamic law]. These essential parts include: 1. Washing the face. The face includes mouth and nose. According to the preferred point of view, gargling and taking water into the nose is essential. [Another view is that it is preferable but not essential]. The limit of the face in length is from the root of hair [at forehead] to the lower part of beard1 [i.e. chin]. In width, it is from one ear to the other ear. 2. Washing the Both Hands till Elbows: The elbows are included in washable organs. 3. Wiping over the Head: It includes the ears. Wiping both of them is obligatory according to the preferred point of view. [Another view is that it is preferable but not essential]. As in Hadith, “The ears are a part of head.” Ahmed and Abu Dawood reported it. 4. Washing Feet till Ankles: The ankles are included in the washable organs. 5. The Sequence: It is that the face should be washed first, then the hands, then the head should be wiped and then the feet should be washed as mentioned in the verse. 2 6. Not Delaying the Washing: It means that the washing of an organ should not be delayed that the previous organ becomes dry. (1) Lower part of the both sides of beard means the bone of the lower part of face i.e. the chin. (2) On first four, there is consensus of scholars while No. 5 and 6 are disputed. According to other view, they are preferred but not obligatory.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
(2) . F &' qlF Z |/ "< "# R >d (1) ' <1' k / $ " 5 "I% e O G d ) ZN >* .5ª6 Z*1 / ZR 9c
Word
i R
Inhaling water in nose
Y !.&i
Ear
L'
Inhaling water in nose
1 w.&i
At the width
¶-/
Preferred
At the length
Washed Not delaying washing organs
2 )@"# i " #
D I
Preferred but not obligatory
Obligatory parts
Incomplete
¶*
It is not trespassed Mouth
F &
Nose
Lower
Part
qlF
Two sides of beard
67
\ >% >dj
k R È
< .
Z |/
Word
It decreased
Root
Bone
Quranic Arabic Program
O G d )
Explanation
Gargling
~:% E i Z F ' R " 6 "6" # Level 03
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purification d ) % m " # e Z% pR E: E% Z% pR N I R) # 9 e Z% "% *R Le . n \ EQ ~E E” ::} £ En ,N q: "# E ªº' <1' k FR R > 1 ( : [ i (./ % ?wE Z Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. ZR8 . ?H $U 6/' ; % L E ¾ ªO>H R> “.\ >% ?% p # e Z% pR I 1% Z% pR & =$ < 0 = : < "< :<%e” : Z& (>/ 0 A (* + " .O I ie > E Z L# e E , 1 O I J >< Z& (>/ 0 A ( R% ªO>H QN G c A ,?. X < ( : * \ a FR R K W - H 9 I 1 (./ 0 ,-1 "/
1 " : i "# R > .(./ 0 ,-1 a < I M E:[ \ Z) X 1 “.( < ( I1 , ,E 9 I1
1 Z& (>/ 0 A , ?. ” :x a F , ª(Z) X 1) .A ZR8 - K I “.W $U - \)[% K% I 1% ” :2 Z& (>/ 0 .( < X 1) “. 9 $U - : >E Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. X $= "# ?E Z Z N 1% q: 1 :% * " Regarding the first four, the argument for that they are obligatory is the verse previously mentioned. It is the verse of Surat ul Maida, “O believers! When you stand for the prayer, wash your faces and your hands till elbows and wipe your heads [with wet hands] and [wash] your feet till ankles.” The argument for the sequence is that the organs are described in the verse in a sequence. 1 Then that it is not proved about the Prophet even a single time that he violated this sequence. His action describes that it is obligatory as mentioned in the verse because he did not use to violate some rule that was obligatory. [It is also proved from his] general saying, “Start with what Allah has started.” Muslim reported it on behalf of Jabir. The argument for not delaying washing of an organ is the Hadith reported by U’mar that a man performed ablution and he left the place of nails in his foot. The Prophet saw and said, “Return and perform your ablution in a nice way.” So he returned, performed ablution [again] and then prayed. (Reported by Muslim) In [other] words, “The Prophet saw a man performing prayer and a place equivalent to a silver coin was not washed by water, so the Prophet instructed to re-perform the ablution and the prayer. (Abu Dawood reported it). C )""# ) ; <."# f< 1 3"# 2R ce ,N O >H / 2z : H R .E* E ³ ie ª ¶?>HH : >FH i 4 3 " +G R < $ 6/' 4/ > 1 E e (1) . ie X >% | \/ >% |. R F E i >< @ ³ ($= 6/' R > < ,N ; i)@"# f< N (1) In this verse, the conjunction وis used and it is known that it only to describe different things together. It does not necessarily describe the sequence. But in the verse, there is an indication that points towards the sequence. That is entering a “Majroor” between “Mansubat” (i.e. wiped head which is described between the washable organs.) In Arabic language, something similar to someone is not described at a distance except some reason. [Since, washable organs i.e. hands and feet are described at a distance and wiping over head is between both of them, therefore, it indicates that the sequence is essential.]
Explanation It did not reach
Word
Explanation
?E Z
He performed ablution
Word
Explanation
- H
With a sequence
W H
It is not proved
Word
?H
To perform again
: >E
Mere conjunction
3 G 4/
Place
K
It does not give benefit
: >FH i
Nails
a FR R
Explanation
Indicator that indicates
2z : H R .E*
Foot
+ : *
Coming
1
He did not reject
E Z
2R ce
Entering It is not placed at a distance
R F E i
Example Reason
Quranic Arabic Program
>% |. /
He left
<
He looked at Do it in a good manner
\)[% "
Dry space
1 :% *
Equivalent to
68
One doing against
Generally Start He started
% ?wE Z G c J ><
+ "/ :<%e : < Level 03
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purification v2 .J ?/ $= - ª p R ?/ ~D H i Le :+9&{ v1 :,HE "> .>? , N . :<i J b W .N d>dA $= - p> :$ - dA R b $= - D E 9 :1 4 $ "# I v4 . No ? \%>< Y qF E i h q>" " # %> :h>>"% v3 .(H ?/ DH i ? < ¶? 4 y > R .3"# :R mG F “...
$a
% pR "e ; >q. < 2R "/' "e” :Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. 2 ª ?/ jR d b , :R >. v5 .+ : H " 1a o $a "< Ï ! ? ºe $ "# 2 A K ."E R e v7 . "N d a } 2a < \ ªU$U - O I E 5 4 v6 .(./ 0 ,-1 4# \< "/ M E:[ \ (>/ . } @ 2 ? jd , & 3 (< \% " $= - D E 9 .1 "3&i $= 3.&i v8 . N d + d! f 3 The Conditions of Correctness of Ablution: There are certain conditions which are required for the ablution to be correct. They are clarified as follows: (1) Islam [the person performing ablution is a Muslim]: Worship of an unbeliever is not correct and ablution is a worship. (2) Sound Mind: Worship is not required from an insane person, so his worship is not correct. (3) Differentiation: A person [like a minor child] cannot differentiate between worship and other things. (4) Availability of Purifying Water: Ablution is not permissible with non-purifying water, as described above. (5) Intention: It is a condition for every worship to be correct as the Prophet’s saying: “Surely the deeds are dependent on intentions. Every person will be rewarded for what he intends ….” It is agreed upon [to report by Bukhari & Muslim] reported by U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab. (6) Finishing whatever makes ablution essential e.g. urine, stool etc. (7) Removing whatever hinders the water to reach at the skin e.g. paste, animal fat etc. (8) Removing filth from the body by water or stones: The Ablution is not correct if filth is attached at penis or bowel.
$ - \ .&
Preferred Practices of Ablution
ªR/ "3 # X 1 “.a 9A jR :%./ W q) < ZH% ' ,~ / mb # i” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ¯. \/ (./ ( ,-1 EN ¦ ME:d :W q) v1 “.$a - jR : ./ W ) < ZH'” : >H P1 ? “.$a - jR K W ) < Z% H% '” :: "%[' E 1 , (1) Cleaning Teeth: As reported in the Hadith of Abu Hurairah from the Prophet that he said, “Had it not difficult for my followers, I would have instructed them to clean teeth at the time of each prayer.” A group reported it. In the report of Ahmed, [the words are] “I would have instructed them to clean teeth at the time of each Ablution.” [In the words of] Bukhari with a broken chain of narrators, [it is also mentioned that] “I would have instructed them to clean teeth at the time of each Ablution.”
Explanation Purifying organs with stones after urine etc.
Word
1 "3&i
Explanation
Word
+ : H
It followed
Explanation
Word
No escape, essential
:<i .>?
Place
jd
Cutting, finishing
5 4
Clear
Preferred practices, plural of .&
\ .&
It makes mandatory
O I E
Unbeliever, denier
Cleaning tooth usually by a fresh stick of a tree
W q)
More or the most difficult
mb
Skin
! ?
From whom demand is made
¶? 4
My followers
,~
Paste
f 3
Differentiation
h>>"%
+ d!
Differentiator
h q>" " #
I instructed them With broken chain of narrators
ZH%
>H
Quranic Arabic Program
R e
Removal,
Fat, grease Washing organs after urine / shit
69
$= 3.&i
Insane, crazy
He does not differentiate
p R .3"#
Y qF E i Level 03
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purification ( Z& QE Z \" $- i ª( $U - i \" 9A i” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ¯. \/ (./ ( ,-1 EN ¦ ME:d :( , R >" ) v2 $ e \ - E # e $ { \ " Eq:/ $ "# Ì < ; a S R 98 ( >F R ) @E :\ >% Fp R ) v3 .\)[ ME:[ N (I \< < :"%[ X 1 “.(>/ mF “...$ { , X : E c % ZR8 ª " ) @ ; a S 98 ( >% F / Ì # $ "# < / ” :2 Z& (>/ 0 A ¯. $U - A (./ ( ,-1 "w/ ' 0 A ( ªZ& (>/ 0 A ( }- a A , U$ I " . "} A \pE Z% " > R @ ?" # ( I% ) % : ./ Y !.% &% i 6 " 6 % " # < $= :? v4 .(>/ ,?. (./ ( ,-1 "w/ M E:d : F >% wp >d % j R > % H v5 .PQ ( d dA R ) "# X 1 “. ¶"} A pH ie Y !.&i , ´# < ” :Z& (>/ \ E:> K < A R > % H v6 . ? , ME:[ ~DA QN :P1 ? 2 * .D>dA \)[ ME:[ QN :PQ 2 * .( >d R j E ” :Z& (>/ 0 A \< PQ :"%[ X 1 “.l>%I1 l E%: E K < A # j ; # -H Le” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. "./ ( ,-1 ?/ \< M E:d :f I v7 .:"%[ ie )"# X 1 “.X .% < ( >I1 K < A R jE Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 E1” :2 * (./ ( ,-1 a :b \< 1)"# M R E:[ ª(I ( ~.H ³ \ ~"> (?3 % E Z& (>/ 0 A , ?. ” : ./ ( ,-1 !} / ME:d lL ªfI \E:> ,
) % > ?* ."> < $= :? P :\ > .(>/ mG F “.( jR (# b , X 1 % R ( ~I H (2) Saying Bismillah at the Beginning: As in the Hadith of Abu Hurairah about the Prophet that he said, “There is no prayer for the person who did not perform the Ablution, and there is no Ablution for the person who did not mentioned Allah’s name on it.” Ahmed, Abu Dawood and Ibn Maja reported it and it is “Moderately Authentic” Hadith. (3) Washing Palms: [The person performing the Ablution] should wash his palms thrice by pouring water on both of them from the utensil if he is performing the Ablution from a utensil [e.g. a bucket]. As Uthman described the state of the Ablution of the Prophet and said, “He called for water and poured in over his palms thrice and washed both of them. Then he entered his hand inside the utensil.” Agreed upon [Hadith]. (4) Gargling & Inhaling Water in Nose at start of Washing Face: It should be done excessively if the person is fasting. As mentioned in the way of the Ablution of the Prophet and as he said, “Inhale water in nose up to the maximum point if you are not fasting.” Five experts reported it and Tirmidhi declared it authentic. (5) Putting Wet Fingers into a heavy beard: As mentioned in the Hadith of Uthman that the Prophet used to put his wet fingers into his beard. Tirmidhi said, “This Hadith of moderately authentic.” Bukhari said that this is the most authentic Hadith on this topic. (6) Putting Wet Fingers into the Fingers of Both Hands & Feet: As mentioned in the Hadith of Ibn A’bbas that the Prophet said, “When you perform the Ablution, put wet fingers inside the fingers of your hands and feet [in order to make sure that these portions do not remain dry.]” Ahmed, Tirmidhi & Ibn Maja reported it. In the Hadith of Mastaurad Ibn Shaddad, [it is mentioned that] he said: “I saw that Allah’s Apostle was putting his smallest finger inside the other fingers.” Five experts reported it except Ahmed. (7) Starting from the Right Side: Starting from the right side before the left while washing the hands and the feet. As mentioned in the Hadith of Ayesha that, “The Prophet liked to start from the right side while wearing or removing shoes, and while purifying and in all of his matters.” Agreed upon.
Explanation
Word
Put your fingers into!
# jc
Explanation
"} A
Saying Z>[ \µ 0 Z)<
R > % H
Two palms
%.c
Put fingers in something
Starting from the right side
\ >
Heavy
Right
.">
) % >
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Fasting
The smallest finger of hand
Left
Word
Word
R >" ) \ >% Fp
F >% wp
Empting
Ì e
He puts his fingers into
R j E
Starting
$= :?
The most authentic
~DA
Exaggeration, doing excessively
70
R @ ?" # Level 03
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purification \/ (>< \/ O>b \< "/ ME:d lL ª ?d&9 S 9w \ >% )@ , 1 k F N $ - , R ) % @ :R w w R > w )@ v8 $U & : QN / \% " $= - QN” :2 * ª 898 898 X 1 ª$- \/ ( R)E Z& (>/ 0 A ( 2&1 ºe ~,< / $U I :2 * Z./ 0 ,-1 X:I .:"%[ Z) X 1 “. 898 898 - H Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. ” :(./ ( ,-1 "w/ ME:[ª (I \< ,} ). :"%[ X 1 “.Z
: H i : b :2 E ZR8 $U - ´R ?) % > - E :a [ \ Zp. ” :Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 2 * :2 * (./ 0 ,-1 "/ ME:d :$ - : < # jQ v9 . < :"%[ Z) X 1 “.$U b ~E \ R c :E ªR> "w .3 # < ( %d R ie (R&1 X : ?/ :"d :b ª( lEb i X:[ ( ie (e ” :2 “¬B ) QN ” :2 -E N :a )< Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 "./ 0 ,-1 "/ \< 0 :?/ ME:d :$ "# , *i v10 $U & : QN / \" $= - QN” : Z& (>/ 0 A (* ( : !E ª(I \< X 1 “.1a I a % / . e ª%Z ” :2 * “¬GB &e $ - , . ?E* X L + : H :* ª“.Z
: H (8) Washing Second & Third Time: Washing [the organs] once in the Ablution is obligatory. Regarding washing them twice and thrice is preferred but not obligatory. As mentioned in the Hadith of A’mr Ibn Shu’aib from his father and he reported on behalf of his grandfather that he said: A villager came to the Prophet and asked him about the Ablution. He showed him [washing] thrice and said, “This is the Ablution. Whoever did more than that, he did bad, crossed the limits and committed an offence.” Ahmed, Nisai, and Ibn Maja reported it. In the Hadiht of U’thman, “The Prophet used to perform the Ablution thrice.” Muslim & Ahmed reported it. (9) Mentioning Allah’s Name after the Ablution: As in the Hadith of U’mar, he said that the Prophet said, “When anyone of you performs the Ablution and completes it and says, ‘I witness that there is no deity except Allah, the One, there is no associate to Him. I witness that Muhammad is His slave and His prophet.’ The eight gates of the Paradise are opened from him. He can enter from whatever gate he want.” Muslim, Ahmed and Abu Dawood reported it. (10) Being Moderate in Spending Water: As mentioned in the Hadith of A’bdullah Ibn A’mr that the Prophet passed by Sa’ad while he was performing the Ablution and said, “What is this overspending?” He asked, “Is there any overspending in the Ablution as well?” He said, “Yes, even if you are at a flowing river.” Ibn Maja reported it and adding another witness to his [the Prophet’s] saying: “This is the Ablution. Whoever did more than that, he did bad, crossed the limits and committed an offence.” It is described above nearly.
Do you know? Islam is the Religion of Ease. If a person has worn socks, it may become a hassle for him to remove his / her shoes and socks several times to perform the Ablution. Therefore, the Prophet Z& (n (>/ 0 A allowed to perform the full Ablution before wearing the socks and then wipe over them subsequently.
Explanation
Word
Over-spending
B G &e
Explanation
´R ?) % E
He completes
Canal, river
a %
Being moderate in spending
Flowing
1a I
He passed
*i B )
Over-spending
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
71
Explanation Preferred He did bad He trespassed his limits He offended
Word
?d& $U &
: H Z Level 03
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purification \ >% F # / D )"#
Wiping Over the Socks
:* QN F H” : > ª(>Fc / D ) -H ZR8 ( : ?/ \ < EI 2 <” :2 * (./ ( ,-1 ,. + "N \/ Z ) P1 ? X 1 :( >/ ! R >U – 1 EI + 9&e ' M E:d# QN Z% ?3 E p ” :1 Z >N Fc / D ) -H ZR8 2 < Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 E1 ªZ” :2 * “¬< “. :} "# 2 h : < \< $= ? a ) \ < O a ,< \ < ~,/ \ >% <1 3# / D ) ” : < 2 * . < d \ a >% w \/ P 1 :% * :\ >% <13# / D )"# R >/ ! – 2 :& "/ \< ( :?/ \/ 6E P1 a ?/ \< 4# \< "/ \/ lL P1 ªME[ \< "/ ª :a & \< R & < l a \< y ª a / .ZN%> P1:? ) ¦ ¤ * ¦ \< ,?. K .” :2 * (./ ( ,-1 ?% b \ < >@ " # M a E:d a 1 / )?# E D )"# 3 R !E : "N . , f F# / D )"# R b – 3
" c , " /% ” :2 ( >Fc 5 h ' EN ZR8 ª(& < D ) ( >/ 1L ( I% ) @ { \ (>/ # # o a) , > ; L Z& (>/ 0 A .:"%[ Z) P1 ? X 1 . " >/ D ) " “.\ >% HN (1) The Argument of Its Legitimacy: As reported by Bukhari and Muslim from Hammam Al-Nakh’ii and he said, Jarir Ibn A’bdullah delivered urine, then he performed the Ablution and wiped over his socks. It was said, “You did it although you delivered urine!” He said, “Yes, I saw that Allah’s Apostle delivered urine, then he performed the Ablution and wiped over his socks.” Abraham said: “This Hadith amazed them because Jarir converted to Islam after the revelation of Surat ul Maida [in which the instructions about washing feet were revealed]. (2) Legitimacy of Wiping over the Socks made by Cloth: It is reported by a lot of Companions. Abu Dawood said, “Ali Ibn Abu Talib, Ibn Mas’ud, Bara Ibn A’azib, Anas Ibn Malik, Abu Umamah, Sahl Ibn Sa’ad, A’mr Ibn Huraith used to wipe over the socks made by cloth. It is reported also about U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab and Ibn A’bbas. It is also reported about A’bdullah Ibn U’mar, Sa’ad Ibn Abu Waqas, Abu Mas’ud Al-Badri and others. (3) Conditions for Wiping over Socks and what is its meaning: A condition is attached for the legitimacy of wiping over the socks that they are worn while [the person] is in pure form. As in the Hadith of Mughira Ibn Su’ba, he said: I was with the Prophet at night time in a travel. I removed the luggage from his body [because he was going to perform the Ablution]. He washed his face and hands and wiped over his head. Then I bent down to remove his socks, he said, “Leave both of them because I entered into both of them while I was purified.” So he wiped over them. Bukhari, Muslim & Ahmed reported it. (1) Abraham: He is Ibn Yazeed Al-Nakh’ii, [a great jurist] among the religious leaders of the generation who got the religion directly from the Companions of the Prophet.
Explanation I bent down I remove Leave both of them Leaders, plural of + e Followers, the generation who learnt from Prophet’s companions
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
EN 5 h
" /% "} \%><
Explanation Conditions are imposed To wear both of them Travel, walk
Word
R !E
)?# E o a)
\%>< "} \ ,. :EhE \< N :Z>N
Explanation He delivered urine
2 <
You delivered urine
<
It amazes
Utensil of water
{
A pair of socks (other than those of leather)
His both arms
( >/ 1L
A pair of leather socks
72
Word
O 3 E \ >% <13# \ >% F # Level 03
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purification $ - * %> + E% + EQ# + Ó>. + d%E1 + 4} +% i < $T & :\ >% >?) \ Vc R – 1 : N (. " # e \ / ( I H ( R 4 ?H G * $- ,-1 EN ,< ME:d .(5:6 :} £ ) “... } @ \ q ZRp.% :G [ $U I % ” :º H ( .C 3# \ >% >?) %> \% R } @ 2R ? V c Le l Q .lL “¬EN < E S R : d # ” :;% 6 % [ \% J I1 2 “.- E [ S : [% Le ZR : [ 9A 0 = R ? E i Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 2 *” :2 * (./ 0 ” :2 * (./ 0 ,-1 2a )/ \ < FA M E:d :a$ a .I +a $a "# e a p# ) < ( >4 @% H 2R – 2 .(>/ mF “. J - $T )R” :2 * ,} ). :"%[ X 1 “.+a 2a < a } \ \p ª a < .I \% ie \ > > +a E 898 . Fc 5 h .% i #F& . Le E Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 :2 * (./ ( ,-1 y M a E:d l L ªX - .E i ( . 9 | .% E k 1' \ ( H: # .jp" ¶>% ) E +. .( d dA PQ xF ª < PQ Z) X 1 “.g- E i z E ZR8 Z% & 1 m FR d % H [ c $U ! | .E Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 dA ” “. g- E i R > R E ZR8 ª 4>4 ZN: [ ' K " &% ' ,e [ 9 R|* % E Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 dA E1 : ” :PQ There are certain things which cancel the Ablution and takes a person out of the desired benefit [of performing the Ablution i.e. performing prayer]. The are: (1) Whatever coming out of two ways [i.e. penis or vagina / bowel]: It does no make any difference that it is urine, or stool, or air, or semen, or other juices coming out of these organs [the Ablution will become void in all of these cases]. Similarly, if urine or stool come out of a place other than these two ways like in case of a wound, [the Ablution will become void]. As Allah’s saying, “If anyone of you has come after discharging urine / stool….” As mentioned in the Hadith of Abu Hurairah, he said that Allah’s Prophet said, “Allah does not accept the prayer of anyone of you, if he has been suffered by an impurity unless he performs the Ablution.” A man from Hadarmut [a town in Yemen] asked, “What is impurity? O Abu Hurairah!” He said, “Air coming out of bowel with sound or without sound.” It is agreed upon. (2) Permanent Loss of Sanity or its Temporary Suspension due to Intoxication, Unconsciousness, Sleep, Madness, or Use of Medicine: As mentioned in the Hadith of Safwan Ibn Assal, he said: “Allah’s Apostle used to instruct us not to remove our socks three days and nights during the travel except in case of sexual intercourse. But in case of delivering stool, urine or sleep [it is allowed to wipe over socks].” Ahmed, Nisai, Tirmidhi reported it and declared it authentic. If the sleep is light [i.e. a slumber] and the ass is firmly positioned over the land while waiting for prayer, then the Ablution does not become void. As mentioned in the Hadith of Anas, he said: “The Companions of Allah’s Apostle used to delay the Early Night Prayer till the time when their heads used to bow down [due to sleep]. Then they used to perform prayer without a new Ablution.” Muslim, Tirmidhi & Abu Dawood reported it and in words reported by Tirmidhi: “I saw that the Companions of Allah’s Prophet were awaken for prayer while I used to hear one of them snoring [i.e. but their sleep was light]. Then they used to stand for prayer without a new Ablution.”
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Light, easy
¶>% ) E
Air coming out of bowel without sound
Firmly positions
.jp"
Temporary suspension
>4 @% H
It cancels
Intoxication
a p# &
Desired benefit
Unconsciousness
$a "# e
Two holes i.e. penis and bowel
: #
Ass It cancels, it becomes void It came down They were awaken Snoring
.E m FR d % H R|* % E
4>4
Quranic Arabic Program
J -
Explanation
$
Medicine
The things that cancels
Juices secreted from a penis
Our leather socks
. Fc
Wound
Their nights
\ > >
Air coming out of bowel with sound
73
Word
G * R 4 ?H " # e
\ >% >?)
E% E#Q Ó>.
C 3# $T )R Level 03
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purification X 1 “.-E Ô[ j E 9 X L y \% ” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. ./ ( ,-1 a FA .< )< M E:d :a } [ :< V F ~y – 3 \% ” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. (./ ( ,-1 EN ¦ ME:[ ª ? QN , $,! ~DA ( :qP1 ? \/ ~PQ (ddA )"# ., >? ( I c ¡ :?/ \< Z ¹ (ddA (d>dA ³ ?[ \< ª:"%[ X 1 “.$- O I : G & ( y> X L ºe X:>< 6# 9 b # e ª- # b # e” :2 * “¬Z.@ + dR \ - H ” :Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 2 & 9 I1 " & \ < < I M E:d : <{ Z d# R # – 4 “¬<{ W 1 ? , ,jA ” :2 * “.Z” :2 * “¬Z.@ < , ,jA R ” :2 * “. <{ + dR \ -H Z” :2 * “¬<{ + dR \ - H ” :2 * “.- H .:"%[ Z) X 1 “.i” :2 * (3) Touching the Sexual Organs without any Barrier: As mentioned in the Hadith of Busrah Bint Safwan that the Prophet said: “Whoever touches his penis, he should not pray without a new Ablution.” Five experts reported it and Tirmidhi declared it authentic and copied it from Bukhari that “It is the most authentic thing on this topic.” And in Hadith of Abu Hurairah that the Prophet said: “Whoever touches his penis with his hand without any barrier [i.e. cloth], the Ablution became mandatory.” Ahmed reported it and Ibn Habban also reported in his “Saheeh”. Hakim and Ibn A’bdul Birr declared it authentic. Baihiqi also described it. (4) Eating Meat of Camel: As in the Hadith of Jabir Ibn Sumrah that a man asked Allah’s Apostle: “Is the Ablution required after eating meat of sheep?” He replied: “If you want, perform the Ablution, and if you want, don’t perform the Ablution.” He said, “Is the Ablution required after eating meat of a camel?” He replied: “Yes, perform the Ablution after eating meat of a camel.” He asked, “Can I pray near the place of sheep?” He replied, “Yes.” He asked, “Can I pray near the place of camel?” He replied, “No.” [Because the camel can harm a person while praying]. Muslim & Ahmed reported it.
Rule of the Day The subject (one who performs a task) will always be in its subjective case K1 while
the object (on whom the task was performed) will always be in its objective case O. For example, in the sentence &1
:G E O (Zaid wrote a letter). :E is the subject, so it is in K1 case while &1 is the object, so it is in O case. Face the Challenge!
Identify 10 words from your vocabulary related to the passive voice of Past Tense.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Camel
<{
Penis
Sheep, goats
Z .@
He took
L 6#
Place where sheep & goats are kept
<
A barrier usually cloth between something
Place where camels are kept
W 1 ?
It became mandatory
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
74
G &
Explanation Touching Sexual organs A barrier between something
Word
~y V F a } [
O I Level 03
Lesson 4B: The Law of Physical Purification 1 4 , ~l!
Doubt about Purification
, lb S : d # \ >H \ .\a >% >< ie ./ R .% E i R . >" # , N 1 4 ' ql! < ?% / iª1 4 / ( } ?< Z p [ S : d # , lb 1 4 \ U >H \ .\a >% >< ie ( .% / .% E i \ >" # N S : d # ' ql! < ?% / i ªS: d # N f > / .< 1 4 K " ) % E [ B .% E i” :2 “. 9 , $U ,! : 3 E ( (>e R q> E R I ” :Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. ºe ,pb :2 * (q"/ \/ Za >"H \< ?/ M E:d l L .PQ ie R / "3 # X 1 “. ¶dE%1 : 3 E % ¶H% A : 3 ) % "# \ V % % E 9 ªi +% ,b (%. V c (>/ p b% Âa >b (.#4< , Z:[ : I Le” :Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. \/ (./ 0 ,-1 EN ¦ M E:[ .PQ < Z) X 1 “. ¶dE%1 : 3 E ¶H% A K " ) % E [ If a person was sure about purification and a doubt developed about impurity, the purification will remain valid. There is no significance of the doubt because the purity was confirmed and it will not move away without confirmation. If a person was sure about impurity and doubtful about the purification, then it is impurity. There is no significance of the doubt because the impurity was confirmed and it will not move away without confirmation. That is in the Hadith of A’bbad Ibn Tameem reported on behalf of his uncle, he said: A doubt was brought to the Prophet: “A man thinks during the prayer that some impurity is found [e.g. air came out of his bowel].” He said: “Don’t leave [the prayer to re-perform the Ablution] unless you listen the sound or smell the fume.” The group [of Hadith experts] reported it except Tirmidhi. Another Hadith is reported by Abu Hurairah from the Prophet: “When anyone of you finds something [air] in his stomach and he is doubtful about it whether it came out or not, he should not go out of the Mosque [to re-perform the Ablution] unless he listens the sound or smells the fume.” Muslim, Abu Dawood and Tirmidhi reported it.
Worth Reading Why people have two faces? What is the impact of dual personality on the reputation? Read the details in: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0016Twofaces.htm
Face the Challenge! Identify 20 words from your vocabulary related to the active voice of 51 6 .
Explanation
Word
He thinks, he imagines He will leave Inside part of belly, stomach He became doubtful
Quranic Arabic Program
R q> E
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
A sure thing
R . >" #
He is sure
\ U >H
B .% E
It will not be moved
R .% E i
He is doubtful
lb
\#4<
It will not be moved
.% E i
Remaining, sustaining
s <
Significance, lesson
?% /
p b%
A doubt was brought
75
,pb
Level 03
Lesson 5A: The Present & Future Tense: Active Voice
+ 51 6
The Result (1) Compare the result. Each line carried two marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
@>A
Verb
Verb
Person
K " ) % E
He listens / He will listen Both of them listen / Both of them will listen (male)
" ) % E
They listen / They will listen (male)
" ) % E K " ) % H
She listens / She will listen Both of them listen / Both of them will listen (female)
" ) % H
They listen / They will listen (female)
\ % " ) % E K " ) % H
You listen / You will listen (male)
" ) % H
Both of you listen / Both of you will listen (male)
He beats / He will beat
6 % E
O} Q :[
Both of them beat / Both of them will beat (male)
< 6 % E
O} Q >.wH
< 6 % E
O} Q K¼
She beats / She will beat
6 % H
O} Mg :[
Both of them beat / Both of them will beat (female)
< 6 % H
O} Mg >.wH
They beat / They will beat (female)
\ <% 6 % E
O} Mg K¼
You beat / You will beat (male)
6 % H
- [ Q :[
Both of you beat / Both of you will beat (male)
< 6 % H
- [ Q >.wH
They beat / They will beat (male)
" ) % H
You all beat / You all will beat (male)
< 6 % H
- [ Q K¼
You listen / You will listen (female)
f " ) % H
You beat / You will beat (female)
f < 6 % H
- [ Mg :[
Both of you listen / Both of you will listen (female)
" ) % H
Both of you beat / Both of you will beat (female)
< 6 % H
- [ Mg >.wH
\ % " ) % H
You all beat / You all will beat (female)
\ <% 6 % H
- [ Mg K¼
You all listen / You all will listen (male)
You all listen / You all will listen (female) I listen / I shall listen
K " &%
I beat / I shall beat
%
Zp :[
We listen / We shall listen
K " ) %
We beat / We shall beat
6 %
Zp K¼
Quranic Arabic Program
76
Level 03
Lesson 5A: The Present & Future Tense: Active Voice
+ 51 6
@>A
Verb
Verb
Person
He becomes happy / He will become happy Both of them become happy / Both of them will become happy (male) They become happy / They will become happy (male)
C F# E
He comes near / He will come near
# E
O} Q :[
[ F# E
Both of them come near / Both of them will come near (male)
< # E
O} Q >.wH
< # E
O} Q K¼
She comes nears / She will come near
# H
O} Mg :[
Both of them come near / Both of them will come near (female)
< # H
O} Mg >.wH
They come near / They will come near (female)
\ <% # E
O} Mg K¼
You come near / You will come near (male)
# H
- [ Q :[
Both of you come near / Both of you will come near (male)
< # H
- [ Q >.wH
< # H
- [ Q K¼
[ F# E
She becomes happy / She will become happy
C F# H
Both of them become happy / Both of them will become happy (female)
[ F# H
They become happy / They will become happy (female)
\ [% F# E
You become happy / You will become happy (male)
C F# H
They come near / They will come near (male)
Both of you become happy / Both of you will become happy (male)
[ F# H
You all become happy / You all will become happy (male)
[ F# H
You become happy / You will become happy (female)
f [ F# H
You come near / You will come near (female)
f < # H
- [ Mg :[
Both of you become happy / Both of you will become happy (female)
[ F# H
Both of you come near / Both of you will come near (female)
< # H
- [ Mg >.wH
You all become happy / You all will become happy (female)
\ [% F# H
You all come near / You all will come near (female)
\ <% # H
- [ Mg K¼
You all come near / You all will come near (male)
I become happy / I shall become happy
C #
I come near / I shall come near
*#
Zp :[
We become happy / We shall become happy
C F#
We come near / We shall come near
#
Zp K¼
Quranic Arabic Program
77
Level 03
Lesson 5A: The Present & Future Tense: Active Voice
+ 51 6
The Result (2) Compare the result. Each line carried two marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
,</
English Those who believe in the unseen (truth) and establish the prayer and spend out of what We provided to them.
" 9 "> E O >% @ # < . g% E \ EQ R F .E Z% N .*# 1
There must be a group amongst you who call towards the piety and they advise for good deeds and forbid from bad deeds.
# E >% # e /:% E J R Z% pR .% \% pR # p .% " # \% / % .% E B % " # <
He leaves them in their trespass, so they wander about.
" % E Z% >@% R , Z% N ~:" E
And remember when We said to the angels, “Prostrate before Adam.” So they prostrated except Ibless.
ie :3 ) + :3 &% p }9"# .# *R L# e y ><%e
And remember when We delivered you from the people of Pharaoh, they imposed on you to the worst torture.
$U & Z% pR )E % / % 2 n \% Z% R .>% 3 L# e Q # pR ! % H Z% pR l L : % < \% Z% pR .% / % F / Z8R
Then We forgave you after that, so that you become thankful.
Z% pR >% / E # : EE (
And Allah intends to accept your repentance.
\% a R , ( Z% >H# E # ie |R .E # N + "@ #
Do they wait for Allah to come down to them in the shadow of clouds?
R F .E L l R) % E
They ask you, “What they should spend?”
( 1a Q# \% Z% H1% Q % a F \% Z% # F ( " % E
And whatever you spend in charity from your wealth or whatever you make a vow, Allah knows it.
( ie ( E# H Z % E
And nobody knows its meaning except Allah.
Worth Reading! In the Land of the Quran & the Bible. At travel story to the sites related to God’s prophets. The writing is in Urdu. http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0014-00-Safarnama.htm
Quranic Arabic Program
78
Level 03
Lesson 5A: The Present & Future Tense: Active Voice
+ 51 6
,</
English
Z% pR .% . # , ! c \% " l L
This is for that person from you who fear about that trouble.
.<LR . % F # . n .e .<1 RR E \ EQ
Those who say, “O our Lord! Surely we believe, so forgive our sins.”
$= !H \% l # " # ,Hg% H l # " # l Z # *R $= !H \% " l # " # 5 h .% H
Say, “O Allah! You are the Master of all the kingship, You give the kingdom to whom You want and You take away the kingdom from whom You want.
$= !H \% Y % H q,d # \% q>" # V % H a )[ >% @ <
And You bring out the living from the dead and You provide to whom You want without any measurement.
R F# H Z % E ( e
Surely, Allah knows what you do. Do you believe in some part of the Holy Book and you reject some part of it. So what is the reward for that person from you who does that except disgrace in this world?
" a % ?< FR p# H p # % ?< . g% >d # , P G h% c ie Z% pR .% l L R F# E \% $= hI
>%~:
And remember when you said, “O Moses! We will definitely never believe you unless we see Allah with our own eyes.” So a thunderbolt caught you while you were observing.
(
[ l \ g% \% & E Z% # *R L# e |R .H Z% % R / Z% pR H%Q c % I $= !E ( R F# E
Allah does what He wants.
:a [ +a / ? % \% & E Z% # *R L# e
And remember when you said, “O Moses! We will definitely not endure on one type of food. Rule of the Day The second source letter ("
5) may carry either a fathah, or a kasrah or a dhamma. It all depends on how the native people speak. D F# E will always be with a fathah, 6 % E will always be with a kasrah and .% E will always be with a dhamma. Same is the case with other words. It is mentioned in the dictionary that the " 5 will carry which movement.
Quranic Arabic Program
79
Level 03
Lesson 5A: The Present & Future Tense: Active Voice
+ 51 6
,</
English
W % # W # H l H9A O >% b E R * $= ! . % , F# # %
They said, “O Shuaib! Does your prayer instructs you that we leave what our ancestors worship or what we do with our wealth as we want?”
1 ?R # , \% M R ?% E (
Verily, Allah will raise those in graves. Those who reject Allah’s verses and kill the prophets without any justification and kill those persons from people who advise justice, so give them the warning of a painful punishment.
f q>?. R# E ( ; E< FR p# E \ EQ e \% ) % # < # E \ EQ R# E Äm[ >% @ < Za > a Q < Z% N % q!? .
You are the best group raised for the humanity, advise towards the right and forbid evil and you believe in Allah.
. % I c% R a R >% c Z% .% R # H ( < . g% H p ."# \% / % .% H B % " # < o G < R" % H "< ( e
Verily Allah is watching what you do.
f ) % W Ee : ?% W Ee
We worship You only and we seek help from your only.
.E%: N L# e : % < .<R*R Ì # h H i .<1
O our Lord! Do not let our hearts deviated (from the right path) after You guided us.
$= !E R F# E ( l Q
In the same way, Allah does what He wants.
Z% Õe : % < F %* ( P:% E >%
How Allah guides a group who rejected (the faith) after believing (in it).
Z% < l L R .p ) % " # Z% >% / % < Äm[ >% @ < $U >?U' R# E ( ; E< FR p# E :% E % / "< l L
And poverty was imposed on them. That (punishment) was due to (the fact) that they used to reject Allah’s verses and kill prophets unjustly. That (punishment) was due to (the fact) that disobeyed and they were the trespassers.
Worth Reading The Report of Transparency International and a Hadith. This article is an eyeopening writing on the condition of Muslim Ummah. http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0004-Transparency.htm
Quranic Arabic Program
80
Level 03
Lesson 5B: Communication in the Arabic Language The Result: Calculate your score. Each paragraph carries 10 mark. If your score is less than 80%, repeat the exercise. The translation is provided for each paragraph. Text in parenthesis [ ] is the information not describe in the original Arabic text but its sense is understood.
>< R @ R
The Arabic Language
2 * .Z& (>/ 0 A ( q>? .& º H 0 p< R E ./ < R E . ª\>% &"# Z H c m 4 < ªZE%p n R @ ,N R >< R @ i ª>< @ Z F< ie " FE i ªGk .) p Z ªGOI k G % ª\Eq: \ R >< R @ ” :1 >" >H \ < 2 “.O G I (< ie O I ~ZE .+9) 9 (>/ ( >? .& Z ( q<1 9H \ \ p" E ªE: ~? X } ! < + R E , ¬aZ) pR J 1 >< @ Z z Le The Arabic language is the language of the Venerable Quran. The Seal of prophets (Prophet Muhammad ا )وcommunicated in it. Therefore, keeping [this language] is preserving Allah’s Book and the Practical Example [Sunnah] of His Prophet. Ibn Taimiyyah1 said, “The Arabic Language is [a part] of religion. Its knowledge is obligatory and essential. Surely, understanding the Book and the Sunnah is obligatory. Both of them cannot be understood without understanding the Arabic language. Anything, without which an obligatory deed cannot be performed, is also obligatory. 2 If this is the case, then learning Arabic language is a necessity for every Muslim, so that he can perform the rituals related to worship and reciting the Book of his Lord and understanding the Sunnah of his Prophet becomes possible for him.
q $= 6* (2) .ÖN 728 .& m ! % , , H ÖN 661 .& [ , : ª, !q: , d # >">H \ < Z >d# : ?/ \ < :"d \E: , H (1) .470 /1 Z > )"# (1) Taqi-ud-Din Muhammad Ibn A’bdul Haleem Ibn Taimiyah Al-Hurrani Al-Dimashqi. He was born at Hurran [a city of Syria] in the year 661H and died at Damascus in the year 728H. (2) Seeking the Straight Path, Volume 1, Page 470
Face the Challenge! Think about five examples each for P: Explanation
Word
} b
Rituals, plural of J >b Worship
Keeping, arranging
E: ~?
Knowledge
\ p" E
It completes
Its becomes possible
Word
R @ R
%
He spoke
m 4
~ZE Z z H
$= 6*
Necessity
J 1 81
Word
Language
Learning
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
R E ./
9H
Recitation Demand, seeking
Explanation
+i .
Seal Prophets
Z H c \ >% &"#
Level 03
Lesson 5B: Communication in the Arabic Language ( ' >< @ + )* ~ZN ?E N ., " # 1 p' \ ( ) F , "/ ( " * ( ) < ){ C e N : >% ? : >% ? R >" N%
!E ){ y F , "/ C { R >& ªX >% @ < F 2R qH ª+ { R >& ( e .( >/ : / ) R } & X>% J E ( < "E : "N @ Z z H ,? I : [ N ª ? )"# d# 2 >I¾ q, ){ S ~ . R >& ª(< .$ " # Z (2) .5 ")"# Z (1) : "N H1 ( O 3 # QN ª@ Z / O 4 1 :R* \/ J1 ?/ N :Q c' O I v (2) .~, F! >% ? (1) : "N H1 ¶6E ( ()F , "/ >% ? + # { / O 4 1:* \/ J 1 ?/ N :$ 4 O I v .~P Ed >% ? Significance of Expression: Expression is the articulation of a person with his tongue or pen [to describe] whatever thoughts and meanings are in his mind. It is considered the most important in types of [the ways of learning] the Arabic language due to its prominence. It is the objective of all other [types] which are the supporting ways to it. Surely it is a tool of understanding and linking an individual to others. It is a tool for articulating whatever is in the mind of a person and what he / she perceives. It is a tool for transferring the human heritage to present and future generations. This is one side of learning the language. Both of them are: A. Taking Side: It means the ability of a student to understand the language. Two skills are required for this side. (1) Understanding the listened content and (2) Understanding the read content. B. Giving Side: It means the ability of a student on understanding and expressing whatever in his mind. It also requires two skills. (1) Oral expression and (2) Written expression.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Taking
Q c'
Way, mean, tool
Statement, meaning
J 1 ?/
Capability
1 :R*
Word
Explanation
Word
R >&
Significance
R >" N%
Understanding
+ {
Expression
>% ?
Joining, connecting
2R qH
Expression, articulation
C e
Student
O 4
Individual
F
Tongue or pen
Two skills
H1
He considers
!E
Thoughts
1 p'
Meanings
, " #
Listened Read Giving
5 ")"# $ " #
Written
S ~
It is considered
?E
2 >I'
It is distinguished
"E
Present
d#
Objective, purpose
R E
Future
? )"#
Heritage
plural of $ 4 JGenerations, >I
~, F!
Oral
Transport, move
~P Ed
,? I
Two sides
Quranic Arabic Program
Z * )
82
Means, plural of >& Support
R } & : / ) Level 03
Lesson 5B: Communication in the Arabic Language
: >% ? ; /- ª$ *: A' & " ( " 3 % >d , ªa k ( " >H >d , O 4 R >[ ( >6 H ¶- Pqg E N :~,F > >% ? .l L d .; 9/{ ª$ { ª8 d" # . 1 ? < F "# ; & )[i " I H ªyF# . ; 3c ª \/ C { / !" # 1 e (< : E :,/ :<{ >% ? . % q! Z | ªÈ >H ª;i " # < p m ). : q>I ªxF :,H < l d . W >% ?H , : q>3 # O > &' + : % &% K >4)H ,p ¬ ¶:>I ¶>% ?H O pH > Topics of Expression Functional Expression: It is expressed because the life of a student demands for it. [For example] during his educational sphere [of life] e.g. presenting a book, or in his social sphere [of life] e.g. writing letters to friends, [dayto-day] conversation, meetings, announcements etc. Creative Expression: Its objective is to express inner feelings and articulate sympathies and personal emotions, translating different feelings in form of selected words. [It includes] good organized [writings] like writing theses, compiling stories or composing verses. How to write a good expression? In order to employ good communication styles during your expression, we advise you the following:
Explanation Selection Good Organization Theses Creating stories Composing verses
Word
. : q>I ªG:q>I m ). ; i " # È >H
% q! Z |
You become able
K >4)H
Employing, using Language styles, plural of &
Explanation
Word
8 d" #
Conversation
$ {
Meeting
; 9/{
Announcements
,/ :<{
Creative
Explanation Topics Functional, related to work
Objective
¶-
Its objective is
: E
It demands
,6 H
Expression
1 e
Sphere, surrounding
>d
Education
+ : % &%
Sympathies, love, plural of G /
Offer
O > &'
Emotions, plural of J 3 c
; 3c
Following
,H
Quranic Arabic Program
~,F > Pqg E
/ !" #
D .
; /-
He expresses
Inner feelings
We suggest
Word
" I H
Translation
; & )[i
Feelings
83
Z >H k /
Society
K " 3 %
Letter
&
Friends, plural of m G E:A
$ *: A' Level 03
Lesson 5B: Communication in the Arabic Language " p M R >[ \ W%>?H
)"< * H , F' , "# < W p ¾%"E ªl 8 } K & E lL ª$U 5 9ji R w . Q"# &' :>3#
.l ) &i R >& lL ªaKF H ; a < Rp!"# ¤ ~. R $U *
ª ¶w ¶b >< 'U ¤ . ZR8 E! qP?. M E:d# Z E%p n < $ :% < Rp!"# >< ¤ ~. \ % 4 & x J F[ .i "I 1 N: Eh> l H /- , < !&i / l .>E lL
b' 5 "& ªE q! ; >) ' ; : . ; - d" # 1 6 [ m E \/ lL ª,< + 9p ºe 5 "&i \ 1 w{ .D >F ,< + 9p 5 "& l LR q H ªl 8 >".H / : / )E lL ' ª .
Abundance of knowledge and reading. It will widen the sphere of your education. It will fill you thinking with meanings and words that will improve the level of your expression in terms of good words and polished styles.
Reading written material with loud voice. It is a tool of establishing your language.
Memorizing Arabic written material according to your capacity starting from the Holy Quran, the Hadith of the Prophet, then Arabic literature [in form of] poetry or prose. It will help you in presenting them as a support [for describing meaning of something] in your topics. It will increase the grace & beauty .
Increasing the listening of Arabic communication. Its way is attending lectures, conferences, and poetic evenings and listening useful cassettes. It will help in developing your education and will accustom your ears to listen fluent Arabic communication.
Explanation Attending Lectures Seminars, conferences Poetic evenings i.e. where poets recite their verses in front of each other
Word
1 6[
Word
Ka F H ; a A
Loud voice
; - d" #
Establishing
&
; : .
Memorizing
x J F[
; >) ' E q! 5 "&
Listening Cassettes, plural of Eb
Explanation
b'
You are capable of
Poetry and prose It will help
Knowledge Reading
Word
5 9ji $U
It will widen
K & E
Circle
}
Culture, education
8
¶w ¶b
It will fill
¾%"E
f E
Thinking
p
% 4 & $:% <
Starting
Explanation
Beneficial, useful
.
Presenting as an evidence
It will help
: / )E
It will increase
: EhE
1
Cultured, polished
Q"#
1 w{
Texts, plural of È
¤ ~.
Development
>".H
Beauty, grace
It will accustom
q H
Increasing
Eloquent, fluent
D >F
Quranic Arabic Program
!&i
5 "&i
Listening
84
It advanced Level
Written
* H
)
Rp!"# Level 03
Lesson 5B: Communication in the Arabic Language ºe % 4& ( > H \ K l HQ H & l }9 K >< @ < S ~:d + h < lL ª ) j : / z d H , >9p * " # \ 1R w{ .9 >?& l L :,H < 5 -"# $ e a < : ./ + hi . "> 3E%{ R 1- ª+ # \ )[ ª$:? \ )[
.R* .H i 4 % >% \ ªq, 4 ."# < + h ª5-"# ; R4c : E:dH
.j" " # &{ i j " # 3E%{ < ,N 9 ." ¶?& . $U / R " 3 # pH #
ªE?. M E [' ª>n ; E < !&i 1- K < ) l <1 3H ª l 8 \ ª>I 1 # 1 " # \ R F&i ., " # < >. ¶< QI ¶q" 5 -"# p> ª2 w' ªZp d # ªE q! ; ><%'
Increasing [your attendance at] the scholastic events that will resolve the knot of language. This can be done by committing to talk in the Arabic language with your colleagues, teachers and whoever you meet up to the extent of your capacity in this way.
Commitment to the following while writing or casting a topic:
A good start, a good end, and essential conciseness in both of them.
Writing the steps [points] of the topic. Keeping logical coherence and [avoiding] confusion or contradiction.
The sentences should have an appropriate size according to the meaning. Disturbing conciseness and boring wordiness should be avoided.
Utilizing external sources from your general education and previous experience along with putting essential evidence from the Quranic verses, Prophetic Ahadith, poetic verses, words of wisdom and idioms so that the topic becomes interesting, attractive and rich of meanings.
Explanation Boring Getting benefit of
Word
j" " # R F&i
Explanation
Word
3E%{
Conciseness Defining
Sources
1 " #
Steps
External
>I 1 #
Linking, coherence
1 3H
Logical
Verses
; ><%'
Confusion
Words of wisdom
Z p d #
Contradiction
Idioms
2 w'
Sentences, plural of Size, vessel
Attractive
¶< QI
Defective, disturbing
Quranic Arabic Program
Scholastic
>9p
; 4R c
It loosens
z d H
Knot
: /
Commitment
+ h
Peers, plural of >
R " 3 #
Teachers, plural of L &
" # &{
Wordiness
85
Talking
R* .H $U /
¶q"
>.
: E:dH
4 %
Interesting
Rich
* " #
<
J "I
Word
Occasions, places
q, 4 ."#
Experience
Explanation
S ~:d $9 QH &
You meet
, H
Beautiful, good
\ )[
Ending
+ # Level 03
Lesson 5B: Communication in the Arabic Language . >" 3 /' > ; "p \ / : ? z R : ? ª\p % E @z E d. $ 4c% ' O ~.3 H e X ?i
. ¶">|.H ¶">*H 4c 5 -"# < p < R E .
Being attentive for grammatical and linguistic errors, up to the possible extent and keeping away from slang and Non-Arabic words.
While writing [about] the topic, considering mistakes, numbering and organization.
R < Ö4 #
Public Speech
.Z " &% Z>/ >% 8 >% N "3 # ? \ ,N :R < 4# .; ?& ." # O 4c ªR ; "Hg"# O 4c ªJ>/ "I O G 4c ªJE p )/ O G 4c ª>& >& O G 4c ªJ>.E O G 4R c : / .R " H # ª5-"# ªR q: " # : ?4# $= hI% Public Speech: It is the art of speaking with masses in order to influence and persuade them. Its Types: Religions speeches, political speeches, military speeches, social speeches, speeches at conferences and delegations, speeches at family occasions. Parts of Public Speech: Start, main topic and end.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Military
J E p )/
By numbers
¶">*H
Attention
X ?i
Social
J >/ "I
By organization
¶">|.H
Avoidance
O ~.3 H
Conferences, conventions
; "Hg"#
Delegations, plural of :
R
Family ceremonies
; ?& ." # $= hI%
Parts Initial part Subject, main part Ending part
Delivering a public speech
Mistakes, plural of R < 4# $ 4c
\
Art
?
Addressing
>% N "3 #
Masses, public
R q: " #
Influencing
>% 8
5 -"#
Persuasion
"&%
R " H #
J >.E
Religious
>& >&
Political
Quranic Arabic Program
86
Grammatical Linguistic, related to vocabulary
$ 4c% ' E d. E @z
It is possible
\ p %
Remoteness, farness
: ?
Slang, colloquial Non Arab By mistake
> >" 3 /' 4c Level 03
Lesson 5B: Communication in the Arabic Language :R >H ; F O >4 # , H # ,@?.E :O >4 ; b1e .( * 9 )j R [
.P4F :&i
.( H I $ { \ )[
.O E1: < ( >" .H \ p "E
. .FR b \ + R < ~h
. < 4 # h R w
.R .) d # R :R
.R > ! R *R R 3#
. E:? 1 6[
Guidelines for a Public Speaker: It is essential that a public speaker should have abundance of the following attributes:
Natural capability
Eloquence in language and its fluency
Development [of capability to deliver a public speech] by training
Beauty and quality of delivery
A good stock of knowledge from various disciplines
[Availability of] good examples
A lot of practice for delivering public speeches
Boldness and personal power
Presence of intuitive power
Rule of the Day! Some verbs require an object. For example &1
:G E O (Zaid wrote a letter). This sentence is not complete without the object &1. Such verbs are called Pq: . On the other hand, there are certain verbs which do not require an object. For example : G E $U I(Zaid came). This sentence is complete without an object. Such verbs are called +i . Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Quality
I
Training
O E1:
Making provisions
~h
Practice
Areas of knowledge
+ R
Explanation
Word
Guidelines
; b1e
h
Speaker
O >4 #
Bravery, courage
R 3#
It is essential
b
Presence
1 6[
To exist in large numbers
Arts, plural of \
.FR
Intuition
E:?
Following
Examples
R :R
Fluency, ease to speak
Various
Delivery, throwing
Quranic Arabic Program
87
,@?.E H # R >H
*9
Ability
:&i
$=
Natural
P4F Level 03
Lesson 5B: Communication in the Arabic Language
Z& (>/ 0 A 10 2 & 5 R ?4c
The Last Speech of Allah’s Apostle
+G [ ZRpR ZR$= e : . E . QN ,F* , ª QN , / : < ZR i ,j P1 i ,q ªZRp \ q><R ,q. " &% : . ~E .:% b% Z ¬@% < # N i . QN ZR: < , ª QN ZR b , ª QN ZRp E d ªZRp<1 R H # ºe Zp>/ 6* . " |H i " |H i ZpR 1 Zp \p 5 G - > N 3# <1 e . >/ ( ." } \% ºe Nqg > J X : ./ % \" >% J /- >N 3# 8 e ....J / - >N 3# $= e .O 4" # : ?/ \ < ? ,q"/ <1 ( < R: <% <1 2 e ª <1 i # 0 = . >N 3# N \ \" ªa>% < R } (> ª3 d # < * : " ( ?b ªGR* : " . E q) :) .Zp "/ \ dH " lL
& "> 5 4E , 1 :* ( .p ªXQN ZRp 1 , : ?E y E :* 4>! e : . E O people! Listen me, I make it clear for you. Surely I do not think that I will meet you after this year of my life at this place. O people! If you fear your Lord, then your blood and your wealth is as sacred for you as this day [of Pilgrimage], this month [of Pilgrimage] and this city [Makkah]. Have I communicated? O Allah! Bear witness. So whoever has something payable, he should pay it to whom it belongs. Surely the usury of the period of ignorance is void but you can claim your principal amount. Don’t offend and don’t be offended. Allah has declared that there will not be any usury [payable]. Initially, I start with the interest [receivable by] my uncle A’bbas Ibn A’bdul Muttalib [to cancel it]. Surely the blood [whose retaliation is outstanding] related to the period of ignorance is void. Surely the ranks of the Pre-Islamic period are void except the House Keeping of the Ka’aba and providing water to the Pilgrims. Retaliation [of killing a person intentionally] will be implemented. For killing similar to intentional killing [i.e. killing by mistake] with the help of a stick or stone, 100 camels will be paid [to the heirs of the died person]. Whoever will increase [these limits], he is from the people of ignorance. O people! The Satan has lost his hope that he would be worshipped in this land but he is happy that he will be followed in other matters. This is what you despise from your (good) deeds.
.54 ¤ $ !{ < 4 # 2R AR (1)
(1) The Principles of Public Speech & Writing, Page 54
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Housekeeping of the Ka’aba
:)
He should pay it
Arranging water for pilgrims
E q)
The trust is payable
: "
Intentionally
Word
Explanation
Nqg > ( ." }
<1
Usury, interest
5
I explain, I clarify
\ q><R
I hope that
,j
Retaliation will be taken
G R*
Void
Similar, not intentional
( ?b
Principal
Camels
a >% <
I start
He lost hope
y E
My uncle
,q"/
I have conveyed
@% <
You despise
dH
Glorious rank
8
Be witness!
:% b%
Writing
Quranic Arabic Program
$ !{
5 G -
Last, ending
Word
2 1
R: <%
The period of ignorance before Islam
88
> N 3#
I shall meet you Sacredness, holiness City
Trust, something kept with other for care
ZR [ : <
J Level 03
Lesson 5B: Communication in the Arabic Language ie ZRpH>< ( N pH :[ \ c:E i ªZRo ZRpb \ E i \>/ Zp ªGm[ \>/ Zp ª [ Zp>/ ZRp} ). e : . E ªaC? o ¶<- \N < 6H ªKI 6" # , \N 3 H \N R6 H Zp L :* 0 U \ # a .q>? a ! [ F< \ >% HE i ªZRpL<
E .:% b Z ¬@< N i . ¶oc \ < A& ª$ ). , 0 U H ªB "# < \ H ) \ *R 1 Zp> ZRp. \ >% ¶1 FR P:< \ IH 9 .:b Z ¬@< N i .( . y a F O > \/ ie ( >c 2R s i z d E 9 ªJ c% e . g"# "e : .
E .:b Z ¬@< N i ¬,.& 0 ªX:< z6 H \% (< ZHQc # e Zp> H :* , ªa< *1 ZRp6 < 6E ie J 6 q," 3 / / ,< y > ªZR H 0 : ./ ZRp ªa H \ + n ª+ ZRpz R ªG:[ Z < e ªG:[ Zp<1 e : . .(H < 0 "%[1 Zp>/ +9) ªO} @ : N ! ´# ?> .:b Z ¬@< N i .
< O people! Surely your women have rights that are your responsibility and you have rights that are their responsibility. Your rights obligated on them are that they do not perform sexual intercourse on your bed with someone else and they do not allow to enter anyone you dislike in your homes and do not commit a clearly vulgar act. If they do so, then Allah has already allowed you to admonish them, [if the issue is not settled], leave them in the beds alone, [and the issue is still not settled] then beat them but not in an intense manner. If they leave and follow you, then it is your responsibility to provide them sustenance and dress according to the established practice of the society. Fear Allah in matters of women and be well-wisher to them. Have I communicated? O Allah! Bear witness. O people! Surely the believers are brothers. It is not allowed for a man to take the wealth of his brother except with the pleasure of his heart. Have I communicated? O Allah! Bear witness. Don’t return back after me to disbelief and to killing each other’s necks. What I have left in you, if you take it, you will never deviate i.e. Allah’s Book and My Sunnah. Have I communicated? O Allah! Bear witness. O people! Your Lord is one, your father is one. All of you are from Adam and Adam was made of soil. The most respected of you will be the most God-fearing among you. An Arab has no superiority over a a Non-Arab except being God-fearing. Have I communicated? O Allah! Bear witness. Those who are present should convey this to those who are absent. Peace, blessings and benedictions of Allah be upon all of you.
Explanation With pleasure of heart You return
Word
y a F O >
\ IH *1
Necks You will definitely not go astray
z6 H \%
The most respected of you
ZRp
The most pious among you
ZR H ´# ?>
He should convey
Explanation
Explanation
Leave them
\N 3 H
Right
Beds, plural of K36
K I 6" #
They perform sex
You beat them
\N < 6H
Bed
C a ?
Intense
They allow to enter
Word
mG [ \ E t \ c:E
\ >%
You dislike
N pH
Their dresses
\ H )
They bring
\ >% HE
Established practice / law of the society
B "#
Vulgar act
a ! [
A&
Open, clear
They terminate
Present
: N !
Be well wisher
Absent
O } @
For a man
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
s i 89
You admonish them
a .q>? \N R6 H Level 03
Lesson 5B: Communication in the Arabic Language
?4 V G L "
A Sample of Public Speech
9 # 6E \ ( 6 % 9 0 = X : E \% . . "/ ; q>& \ .) FR 1 b \ 0 < LR ªX F @% ) ( .>) X : " d 0 : "d# e 1 .(R&1 X : ?/ ¶:"d : b ( l Eb i X : [ 0 ie (e i # : b ( P N
.% m c a : [ y a F# \% Z% pR c PQ Z% pR <1 R H . ~E E . " ) % Z% % ie \H"H i ( H H m[ ( R H . n \ EQ ~E E ( R H . n \ EQ ~E E . ?>*1 Z% pR >% / ( e + [1% 'U ( < R$U )H PQ ( R H $ ) ow i I1 " .% M< I % . ">|/ % :% ( &1 ( K% 4 E \% Z% pR <LR Z% pR % F @% E Z% pR "/% Z% pR D % % E . :E:& i % * RR* z R J / :< a 8: d % z H 8: d 1 ' ~b Z& (>/ 0 A :a "d
:N
:% # o c 0 M E:d# >% c ” :: < 2“.J 9- a / :% < Surely, the praise is only for Allah. We glorify Him, seek help from Him, seek forgiveness from Him and seek refuge from Allah about the evils of our personalities and about our bad deeds. Whomever Allah guides, he has no superiority [from himself]. Whomever He leaves astray, there is no guide for him. I witness that there is no deity except Allah, He is One and there is no associate with Him. I witness that Muhammad is His slave and His Prophet.1 O believers! Fear Allah as His fear should be. Don’t die except in state of being submitted [to Allah]. O people! Fear your Lord who created you from a single person, He created his wife from himself and spread a large number of men and women from both of them. Fear Allah in front of Whom you will be made responsible and be careful about relationships. Surely Allah is monitoring you. O believers! Fear Allah and speak the right words. He will restore your deeds for you and will forgive your sins. Whoever follows Allah and His Prophet, he achieved a big success. After that, the best words is the Book of Allah and the best counsel is the guidance of Muhammad, and the worst of all matters are new inventions to the religion. Each invention is a new thing and each new thing [invented in the religion] is a deviation.” 2
2 ÖI Z) D>dA (2) .57/ 5 ÖI ?.[ \< :µ + { :.) (1) 867 Z*1 13 <
(1) Musnad of Imam Ahmed Ibn Hanbal, Volume 5, Page 57. (2) Saheeh Muslim, Volume 2, Page 13, No. 867
Explanation
Word
He became successful, he achieved
%
Success
:% #
Guidance New things introduced in religion, plural of 8:Ç
; 8: d
Self-created religion Deviation from the right path
Quranic Arabic Program
J / :< J 9-
Explanation
Word
M<
He spread You will be asked Observer
Explanation
Word
Sample, example
V G L "
R$U )H
Evils, plural of b
1 b
?>*1
Our personalities, plural of yF
.) FR
Right
:E:&
He guides
He will reform
D % % E
He leaven astray
# 6E
K% 4 E
One who guides
P N
He follows
90
: E
Level 03
Lesson 5B: Communication in the Arabic Language
> w ?4 V G L "
Sample of Second Speech
( E:<
:N \ ª\>% " I% ( ?dA ( n / :a "d .~>? \ >% & "# $ >?' B b / + 9) R 9 \ >% " q 1 0 :"d# .( .)< \& H ( d?& 0 U .g"# R c{ E " /
h >% c 0
< P Ee ZRp>A ! . g"# R c{ E :: < 1 . ">) % H "j& ( >% / zA . n \ EQ ~E E q,?. / z E ( p }9 ( e :I h/ 2 ( q>? / + 9) 9 < 2 “. ¶!/ (>/ 0 = A : [ , / A \” :Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. 2 * $ F # \ / Z k 1% .:G >3 :G >"[ le Z >N N A " :a "d 2 n / :a "d / jA Z , !0 0 .,< dA , !0 0 ” :Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. 2 * .\ >% < < d } & \/ Ä, / "w/ "/ a p< ,< \ E:b 3“.Z6 @ < ,6@?? Z6 @ < \ Z?[ ,q?d ? Z?[ \" ªP:< ¶- ZNRQ H i .,< dA The praise of for Allah, the Lord of all worlds. Blessings and peace be upon the most honorable from the prophets and God-messengers i.e. our prophet Muhammad, and upon all of his progeny and companions, and upon those who followed his guidance and adopted the path his Sunnah. After that: O believer brothers! I advise you to keep fear of Allah. Surely the best wealth is the fear of God. O believer brothers! You should know that Allah, the Exalted the High, instructed us to pray for blessings and peace about His Prophet. He, the Great the Exalted, said: “Surely Allah and His angels send blessings upon the Prophet. So O believers! Pray for blessings upon him and for peace upon him.” 1 And the Prophet said, “Whoever prayed for blessings upon me once, Allah will send blessings upon him 10 times.” 2 O Allah! Send blessings upon Muhammad, and on the progeny of Muhammad, as you sent blessings of Abraham and the progeny of Abraham. Surely You are the Praiseworthy, the Glorious. O Allah! Be pleased with the rightlyguided Caliphs i.e. Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali and all the companions [of the Prophet] and their followers. The Prophet said, “Allah Allah [An exclamation to demonstrate the significance of matter]! Be careful about my companions. Allah Allah [O people]! Be careful about my companions. Don’t make them a target [of blame] after me. Whoever loves them, he loves them due to his love in me and whoever hates them, he hates them due to his hatred with me. 3 (1) Al-Ahzaab, Verse 56. (2) Saheeh Muslim, Volume 1, Chapter 17, [Hadith] No. 408. (3) Musnad of Imam Ahmed Ibn Hanbal, Volume 5, Page 57.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
17 <1 ÖI Z) D>dA (2) .56 En h[' (1) 57 ¤ 5 ÖI ?.[ \< :µ + { :.) (3) 408 Z*1 Word
Explanation
Word
Target
¶-
Pray for peace
"j&
The most honorable
B b
He loves them
Z?[
Peace
">) % H
He adopted the way
\&
Due to his love for me He hates them Due to his hatred for me
Quranic Arabic Program
,q?d < Z6 @ < ,6@?<
Be pleased
k 1%
I advise
All
} &
They send blessings
You make them
91
ZNRQ H
Pray for blessings
,A z E zA Level 03
Lesson 5B: Communication in the Arabic Language . >~: O } .>/ (< R qH \ >% > \ ªl.I (< .@ j?H l / \ l > \ >% < ..>< (< 2 d H l >! c \ . Z% ) * Z i ª / \ / ª ." \ / 1 8 # I Z . . S R 1 ( I ª .>>[ .H *R 1 < ./ "&% < .q Z . ."[E i l R E i \ .<QR < .>/ # j) H i ." / ´R ? i ."N ? >~: # 3H i ª ..E , .?> # 3H “. Q H Z% pR Z% pR |R E , @% ?# p ."# $ !d % F # \% / .% E <% R # PL $ Ee )[% { 2 :% # < # E ( e” !+ p R c{ E ... 9 Z * ... .H Z E 0 = ? 0 Q ZRhE ( " / X pR b ZRp O 3 )E X / Z% R R QE 0 U R L O Allah! Make a share for us in Your fear that becomes a barrier between us and Your disobedience. [Make a share for us] from Your obedience that take us to Your Paradise. [Make a share for us from] the faith that make the worldly troubles easy for us. O Allah! Provide us with ability to hear, ability to see and other powers as You keep us alive. Make it [the faith] our heir. O Allah! Revenge from our side from those who offended on us and help us against those who transgressed against us. Don’t make problems for us in our religious matters. Don’t make the world a greater thing for our worries and [don’t make it] the limit of our knowledge. Due to our sins, don’t appoint a master upon us who does not fear You and does not be merciful to us. O respected brothers! “Surely, Allah instructs for justice, benevolence, and giving [charity to poor] relatives and forbids from vulgarity, evil practices and arrogance. He advises you so that you become conscious.” So remember Allah, He will remember you. Call him, He will respond to you. Be thankful to Him for His blessings. Surely, remembering Allah’s is the greatest thing. Allah knows what you are doing….. Now stand for prayer.
Worth Reading! How to get rid of Frustration? The author has analyzed the reasons of frustration and provided solutions to get rid of it. The writing is in Urdu. http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0002-00-Frustration.htm
Explanation Don’t appoint as a master He fears Giving Arrogance, transgression He advises
Word
# j) H i B E $ Ee , @% ?# x R E
He will respond
O3)E
He will increase
hE
You make, you do
.H
Stand
Quranic Arabic Program
Z *
Explanation
Word
1 <
Our sight
.H *R
Our powers
.>>[
You keep us live
I
Make
S R 1
Inheritor
1 8
Our revenge He transgressed against us
/
Explanation Divide, make shares Your fear
Z% ) * l >! c
It changed, it deviate away from, it becomes a barrier
2 d H
Disobedience, sins
>
It lead to us
.@ j?H
It makes easy
R qH
Troubles, plural of ?>
Our worries
."N
Give us as sustenance
The reached limit
´?
Our sense of hearing
92
Word
O }
.q
./ "&% Level 03
Lesson 6A: The Present & Future Tense: Passive Voice
23 51 6
The Result (1) Compare the result. Each line carried two marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
27 51 6 He is helped / He will be helped Both of them are helped / Both of them will be helped (male) They are helped / They will be helped (male)
@>A
+ 51 6
.% E
He helps
Person
.% E
O} Q :[
.% E
Both of them help / Both of them will help (male)
.% E
O} Q >.wH
.% E
They help / They will help (male)
.% E
O} Q K¼
.% H
O} Mg :[
She is helped / She will be helped
.% H
Both of them are helped / Both of them will be helped (female)
.% H
Both of them help / Both of them will help (female)
.% H
O} Mg >.wH
% .% E
They help / They will help (female)
% .% E
O} Mg K¼
.% H
- [ Q :[
They are helped / They will be helped (female) You are helped / You will be helped (male)
.% H
She helps / She will help
You help / You will help (male)
Both of you are helped / Both of you will be helped (male)
.% H
Both of you help / Both of you will help (male)
.% H
- [ Q >.wH
You all are helped / You all will be helped (male)
.% H
You all help / You all will help (male)
.% H
- [ Q K¼
You are helped / You will be helped (female)
\ E .% H
You help / You will help (female)
\ E .% H
- [ Mg :[
Both of you are helped / Both of you will be helped (female)
.% H
Both of you help / Both of you will help (female)
.% H
- [ Mg >.wH
You all are helped / You all will be helped (female)
% .% H
You all help / You all will help (female)
% .% H
- [ Mg K¼
I am helped / I shall be helped
% R
I help / I shall help
%
Zp :[
We are helped / We shall be helped
.%
We help / We shall help
.%
Zp K¼
Worth Reading Secrets of success. http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0015-Secrets.htm
Quranic Arabic Program
93
Level 03
Lesson 6A: The Present & Future Tense: Passive Voice
27 51 6
23 51 6 @>A
+ 51 6
Person
He is beaten / He will be beaten
6 % E
He beats / He will beat
6 % E
O} Q :[
Both of them are beaten / Both of them will be beaten (male)
< 6 % E
Both of them beat / Both of them will beat (male)
< 6 % E
O} Q >.wH
< 6 % E
They beat / They will beat (male)
< 6 % E
O} Q K¼
They are beaten / They will be beaten (male) She is beaten / She will be beaten
6 % H
She beats / She will beat
6 % H
O} Mg :[
Both of them are beaten / Both of them will be beaten (female)
< 6 % H
Both of them beat / Both of them will beat (female)
< 6 % H
O} Mg >.wH
They are beaten / They will be beaten (female)
\ <% 6 % E
They beat / They will beat (female)
\ <% 6 % E
O} Mg K¼
You are beaten / You will be beaten (male)
6 % H
You beat / You will beat (male)
6 % H
- [ Q :[
Both of you are beaten / Both of you will be beaten (male)
< 6 % H
Both of you beat / Both of you will beat (male)
< 6 % H
- [ Q >.wH
You all are beaten / You all will be beaten (male)
< 6 % H
You all beat / You all will beat (male)
< 6 % H
- [ Q K¼
You are beaten / You will be beaten (female)
\ >< 6 % H
You beat / You will beat (female)
f < 6 % H
- [ Mg :[
Both of you are beaten / Both of you will be beaten (female)
< 6 % H
Both of you beat / Both of you will beat (female)
< 6 % H
- [ Mg >.wH
You all are beaten / You all will be beaten (female)
\ <% 6 % H
You all beat / You all will beat (female)
\ <% 6 % H
- [ Mg K¼
I am beaten / I shall be beaten
% R
I beat / I shall beat
%
Zp :[
We are beaten / We shall be beaten
6 %
We beat / We shall beat
6 %
Zp K¼
Rule of the Day If the word is added before a 51 6
, it gives the sense of past continuous tense. For example R R E means “he eats or will eat” while R R E means “He used to eat.”
Quranic Arabic Program
94
Level 03
Lesson 6A: The Present & Future Tense: Passive Voice
27 51 6
23 51 6 @>A
+ 51 6
Person
K " ) % E
He listens / He will listen
KU " ) % E
O} Q :[
Both of them are listened / Both of them will be listened (male)
" ) % E
Both of them listen / Both of them will listen (male)
" ) % E
O} Q >.wH
They are listened / They will be listened (male)
" ) % E
" ) % E
O} Q K¼
K " ) % H
O} Mg :[
" ) % H
O} Mg >.wH
\ % " ) % E
O} Mg K¼
K " ) % H
- [ Q :[
" ) % H
- [ Q >.wH
" ) % H
- [ Q K¼
He is listened / He will be listened
K " ) % H
She is listened / She will be listened Both of them are listened / Both of them will be listened (female)
" ) % H
They are listened / They will be listened (female)
\ % " ) % E K " ) % H
You are listened / You will be listened (male)
They listen / They will listen (male) She listens / She will listen Both of them listen / Both of them will listen (female) They listen / They will listen (female) You listen / You will listen (male)
Both of you are listened / Both of you will be listened (male)
" ) % H
You all are listened / You all will be listened (male)
" ) % H
You all listen / You all will listen (male)
You are listened / You will be listened (female)
\ > " ) % H
You listen / You will listen (female)
f " ) % H
- [ Mg :[
Both of you are listened / Both of you will be listened (female)
" ) % H
Both of you listen / Both of you will listen (female)
" ) % H
- [ Mg >.wH
You all are listened / You all will be listened (female)
\ % " ) % H
\ % " ) % H
- [ Mg K¼
Both of you listen / Both of you will listen (male)
You all listen / You all will listen (female)
I am listened / I shall be listened
K " &% R
I listen / I shall listen
K " &%
Zp :[
We are listened / We shall be listened
K " ) %
We listen / We shall listen
K " ) %
Zp K¼
Face the Challenge! Identify 10 verbs from your vocabulary in which someone is asked to do something.
Quranic Arabic Program
95
Level 03
Lesson 6A: The Present & Future Tense: Passive Voice
23 51 6
The Result (2) Compare the result. Each line carried two marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
,</
English Do not consider those who were killed in Allah’s way as dead. Nay, they are alive and ________ in the presence of their Lord. He (Joseph) said, “Food will not be brought to both of you, by which you are provided sustenance before that I will tell both of you the interpretation (of your dream).
d % H i ( >?& , R*R \ EQ \?) R* % E Z% q<1 : .% / $T >[% # < H %
"pR H# ? ie ( * % H +G "pR >H# E i 2 * ( E# < Q p # ( /
# \% " Z # \% + 9%&{ e /:% E N
Who could be more unjust than the one who invents falsehoods against Allah while he is called towards Islam? And you will see every nation in its knees. Each nation will be called towards its book (of records). On that day, you will be rewarded for what you do.
e /:% H a R z R >8 I a R R
H R" % H Z% .R % h 3 % H + % ># < ! Z 3 % . :3 ) % E 3
Stars and trees both of them prostrate.
Z >N <%e ( 2R E Z% N R Q# E ¶ .% " & R *
They said, “We listened about a boy talking about them, he is called Abraham. Then it will be said, “This is what you used to deny.”
They fear their Lord Who is above them. And they do what they are ordered (to do).
R F# E Z% * % \% Z% <1 R E g% E g% H R #
So do what you are being ordered (to do). Keep on going where you are ordered (to go).
g% H M R >% [ 6%
So proclaim publicly what you are ordered (to proclaim) and turn away from pagans.
f ! % " # \% / k % /% g% H "< 5 % : A %
Face the Challenge! Identify 10 words from your vocabulary related to the passive voice of 51 6 .
Quranic Arabic Program
96
Level 03
Lesson 6A: The Present & Future Tense: Passive Voice
23 51 6
,</
English He said, “O father! Do what you are ordered (to do). Soon you will find me in the steadfast people, if Allah wills.
$U b # e ,: 3 & g% H # # < E 2 * \ E< \% (
(In case of a murder) so whoever is forgiven by his brother, he should follow the common law.
5 G ?qH $T ,% b ( >c \% ( , F / \% " B % " # <
Have We made other than Allah, any gods that are worshipped.
:?% E n \ " [% \% .# I :?% H : ?/% i
I do not worship what you worship.
I % E ( >% e Z8R
Then, towards Him they will be returned. All hidden (secrets) of the heavens and the earth are for Allah, and towards Him, all matters are returned. The kingdom is for Him and towards Him you will be returned.
K I % E ( >% e k 1% 'U ; " ) O >% ( % 'U I % H ( >% e Z p# d # ( " % E Z% . e K I 1%
I return towards the people so that they know. The punishment on them will not be reduced and they will not be looked upon (taken care of). He said, “Soon we shall find out whether you have told the truth or you are liar.”
| .E Z% N i Q # Z% .% / F E i f <L p# \% .R +% *# : A |R ..& 2 *
Do you know? In Pre-Islamic Arabia, the tasks related to the administration of the Holy Ka’aba and Hajj were considered a pride for the people performing them. They had divided such tasks in different families of Makkah. Housekeeping of the Holy Ka’aba was called :) , providing water to the Pilgrims was called
E ) , feeding the poor Pilgrims was called 1 . Special funds were maintained for each of these tasks.
In addition to that, they had many other high ranks for different families of Makkah, maintaining their parliament house, holding flags during a war, arranging military camps, dealing with foreign affairs, managing public finances, sending delegations to other states etc. After conquest of Makkah, the Prophet rearranged all the institutions except those related to the Pilgrimage.
Quranic Arabic Program
97
Level 03
Lesson 6A: The Present & Future Tense: Passive Voice
23 51 6
,</
English Say, “You will not be asked about our crimes and we will not be asked about what you do.”
"/ 2R ) % i .% I% "/ R) % H i # *R R" % H Z >d3 # dA % \% / 2R ) % H i
And you will not be asked about the people of hell. They think that a backbreaking disaster will be done to them.
J * < F# E # ~\|R H
< F p# E ( ; En Z% % " & Le
When you listen that Allah’s verses are rejected, Soon their testimonies will be written and they will be asked (about them).
R) % E Z% H b O p# &
So I shall write that soon for those who care (about hereafter)
R E \ EQ ?# )
And intercession will not be accepted and a compensation will not be taken and they will not be helped.
2J :% / .% QR c g% E i J / Fb .% R ?# E i .E Z% N i
The criminals will be recognized by their faces, so they will be caught by their foreheads and feet. It (Zakat) will be taken from their rich people and will be returned to their poor people.
QR c g% > Z% N ">)< 3 % " # B % E + :*# 'U ,A . < Z} R Æ = H Z% N $U >. \% QR c gH
¶:& W % E # R ){ O ) d % E
Does the man think that he will be left without any purpose? He (Satan) said, “Give me a chance till the day when they will be raised up.”
Rw ?% E + % E e ,% | 2 *
Then definitely you will be raised up on the day of judgment.
Rw ?% H > # + % E Z% pR e Z8R
Don’t say that who is killed in Allah’s way that they are dead.
; G % ( >?& , R # E \% " RR H i R# E R# >
So they kill and are killed. Worth Reading! Positive attitude affirms the life.http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0017-Positive.htm
Quranic Arabic Program
98
Level 03
Lesson 6B: Quranic Socio-Economic Teachings The Result: Calculate your score. Each paragraph carries 10 mark. If your score is less than 80%, repeat the exercise. The translation is provided for each paragraph. Text in parenthesis [ ] is the information not describe in the original Arabic text but its sense is understood.
1 ~. R 1 &
The Chapter of Light
( ( " [% 1 Z% pR >% / ( R 6 % i% . " % H i Z% % Z % E ( c >%~: , ZG > G Q/ Z% . n \ EQ , R ! [ F# K >!H # ~?d E \ EQ e .ZG >[1 B G =$1 :a [ \% Z% pR .% ( " [% 1 Z% pR >% / ( R 6 % i% p .% " # $ !d % F # < # E ( 4>% ! ; 4R c K% ?E \% 4 >% ! ; 4R c ?H i . n \ EQ ~E E RF% ># ( >?& , \ EI " # f )" # <% R # ,% R Hg% E # ) Z% pR .% 6 % F # R% R H# E i .ZG >/ KG >"& ( $= !E \% ,jh E ( \p :< .ZG >[1 1G RF ( Z% pR ( F @% E # ~?d H i dF % ># . R" % E "< Z% R I 1% Z% E:E% Z% .) # Z% >% / : ! % H + % E .ZG >|/ G Q/ Z% c >%~: , . R ; . g% " # ; 9 @# ; . d % " # % E \ EQ e =$? l % R ª; ?q>4 ?q>4 f ?q>4 ; ?q>4 ; w>? # Rw>? # f w>? # ; w>? # .f ?" # ~md # N ( " % E md # Z% .E ( Z% >j E Qa % E .ZG E% Y G % 1 J F @% Z% ªRR E " Those who love to broadcast such vulgarity among the believers will have a painful punishment in this life and in the Hereafter. Allah knows and you do not know. Were it not for the grace and mercy of Allah towards you, [this scandal would have produced very bad results for you.] Allah is indeed very Kind, most Merciful. O believers! Do not follow the footsteps of Satan: because anyone who follows the footsteps of Satan is seduced by him to commit acts of indecency and wickedness. If there had not been the grace and mercy of Allah upon you, none of you would have ever been purified [from that sin], for it is Allah Alone Who purifies whom He pleases, and Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. Let not those among you who are endowed with grace and amplitude of means swear to withhold their help from their relatives, the indigent and those who left their homes for the cause of Allah - rather let them forgive and overlook - do you not wish that Allah should forgive you? Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. Those who accuse chaste but careless believing women are cursed in this life, and in the Hereafter they shall have a grievous punishment. [Such people should not forget that] Day when their own tongues, their own hands and their own feet will testify against their misdeeds. On that Day, Allah will give them the full reward they deserve, then they will realize that Allah is the One Who manifests the Truth. Unclean women are for unclean men, and unclean men are for unclean women; and pure women are for pure men, and pure men are for pure women. They are free from the slanderer’s accusations; for them there shall be forgiveness and honorable provision from Allah.
Explanation
Word
. R
They are cursed
Explanation
Hg% E #
To give
Tongues, plural of J )
.) #
They should forgive
He causes to die
,j E
They should overlook
Malicious, corrupt men
f w>? #
They accuse, they make target
Pure, clean
?q>4
Chaste women
Free
=$?
Careless women
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
99
Explanation To spread, to broadcast
Word
K >!H #
RF% >#
Merciful, Kind
B G =$1
dF % >#
He purifies [his personality]
% E
He purifies
,jh E
; . d % " #
He should not withhold
H# E i
; 9 @#
Abundance of wealth, ease
) Level 03
Lesson 6B: Quranic Socio-Economic Teachings [ NRc :% H 9 :[ > :3 H Z% # . Q H Z% pR Z% pR G >% c Z% pR L N% / "j) H )# ) % H [ Z% pR H>< >% H>< Rc :% H i . n \ EQ ~E E
Z % E ( Z% pR 5 G > a pR ) % >% H>< Rc :% H # C G .I Z% pR >% / y >% .ZG >/ R" % H "< ( Z% pR % N I 1% I 1% Z% pR >* # e %ZpR L g% E . "p# H :?% H i \ I R \ |# F d % E \N 1 <% \% \ 6 % 6 @% E ; . g% "# # *R . . % E "< o G ?c ( e Z% % l L Z% I R R|F d % E Z% N 1 <% \% ~6@ E f . %g" # # *R \ c% e % \ < $ .<% % \ } .<% % \ < $ I / \N " < \ <% 6 % ># .% ie \ .E \ E:?% E i $ )q. ; 1% / / |# E Z% \ EQ F# j4 % 2 Iq \% <1% { ,% R >% f < % \ "E% % p % \ } ) % \ H c ,.< % \ c% e ,.< % . d F# H Z% pR . g% " # ~E >"I ( e <H \ .E \% f F % E Z % > \ I 1% < \ <% 6 % E O believers! Do not enter houses other than your own until you have sought permission and said greetings of peace to the occupants; this is better for you, so that you may be mindful. If you do not find the person you wanted to see, then do not enter until permission is given to you; and if you are asked to go back, then go back; this is more fitting for you; and Allah is cognizant of what you do. There is no blame on you if you enter houses which are not used for dwelling [e.g. a mosque, an office etc.] and in which you have something belonging to you; and Allah knows what you reveal and what you conceal. Enjoin the believing men to lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that is more chaste for them. Surely Allah is well aware of their actions. Likewise enjoin the believing women to lower their gaze and guard their modesty; not to display their beauty and ornaments except what normally appears thereof; let them draw their veils over their bosoms and not display their charms except to their husbands, their fathers, their fathers-in-law, their own sons, their stepsons, their own brothers, their nephews on either brothers’ or sisters’ sides, their own womenfolk, their own slaves, male attendants who lack sexual desires or small children who have no carnal knowledge of women. Also enjoin them not to strike their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden trinkets. And O believers! Turn to Allah in repentance, all of you, [about your past mistakes], so that you may become successful. Do you know? The Quran took serious steps to eradicate slavery from the Islamic society gradually. These verses describe some of these steps i.e. marrying slave-men & women and giving freedom to a slave for a payment in easy installments if he / she wants to buy freedom and then helping them in financial terms. For more details, see my book: Abolition of Physical & Intellectual Slavery in Islam. http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/Slavery/L0018-00-Slavery.htm
Explanation
Word
Having sexual desire
<1% {
Hidden parts of body
; 1% /
They should not strike
\ <% 6 % E i f F % E
They hide Their feet, plural of J I1
\ I 1%
What their right hands control i.e. slaves
% p \ "E%
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation You conceal, you hide
Word
"p# H
Explanation You get permission
Word
)# ) % H
They lower
~6@ E
They protect
R|F d % E
You do not find
:3 H Z%
They do not show
\ E:?% E i
He is permitted
L g% E
The most purified
%
\ .E
Their beauty
\ <
Their husbands
You say greetings
Residential You reveal, you disclose
100
"j) H
a Rp) % :?% H Level 03
Lesson 6B: Quranic Socio-Economic Teachings Z% >.@% E [ [ p :3 E i \ EQ % F % ) % ># .ZG >/ KG & ( ( 6 % \% ( Z% .@% E $U R RpE # e Z% pR } e Z% R ?/ \% f d Z% pR .% E'U dp # e $ @?# / Z% pR H > N p# H i Z% R Hn PQ ( 2 \% Z% N Hn %>c Z% > Z% "% / # e Z% N ?H p Z% pR "E% % p " p # @?% E \ EQ ( 6 % %\ ( .ZG >[1 1G FR \ N # e : % < \% ( \~N p# E \% >%~: >d # k / @?% .~d H % 1 , C ? % " # C G ? % > a p! % " X 1 R w k 1% 'U ; " ) 1 ( .f " # | / % Z% pR ?% * \% % c \EQ \% 9 w ; a .q>? ; a En Z% pR >% e .#h :% \% X 1 . ( P:% E 1a / 1G 1G ( ) %) "% H Z% % $= ,6E E% pE a ><% i a >* % b i a E% a 1 ? a 3 b \% : * E Pq1 O G % R I I~h a I I .ZG >/ $a ,% b jpR < ( . 2 w% 'U ( 6 % E $= !E Get the singles among you married as well as those who are fit for marriage among your male slaves and female slaves. If they are poor, Allah will make them free from want out of His grace: for Allah has boundless resources and is All-Knowing. And let those who do not find means to marry keep themselves chaste until Allah enriches them out of His bounty. As for those of your slaves who wish to buy out their liberty, execute the deed of liberty with them if you find them deserving, and give them some of the wealth which Allah has given you. Do not force your slave-girls into prostitution for your own worldly gains, if they wish to preserve their chastity; and if anyone forces them into it, then surely after such a compulsion Allah will be forgiving and merciful to them. We have already sent down to you revelations giving you clear guidance and cited examples of those people who passed away before you to serve as a warning and an admonition for the righteous people. Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The parable of His Light is as if there were a Niche, in which there is a lamp, the lamp is enclosed in crystal, the crystal is of a star-like brilliance, it is lit with the olive oil from a blessed olive tree which is neither eastern nor western, its very oil would almost be luminous though no fire touched it [- as though all the means of increasing] Light upon Light are provided - Allah guides to His Light whom He pleases. Allah cites such parables [to make His message clear to] the people; and Allah has knowledge of everything.
Worth Reading! O God! Who is like you? An article for invoking God’s love. http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0008-LikeYou.htm Explanation
Word
Explanation
Crystal
a I I
Your girls (especially slave girls)
Star
O G %
Prostitution
Brilliance, glistening
Pq1
They intend, they decide
It is lit
: * E
Preserving chastity
Word
Z% pR H >
dp
$ @?#
Singles
E'U
% 1
Your slave women
Z% pR } e
.~d H
a E%
Gains, money
k /
Its oil
E%
He forces them
\~N p# E
$= ,6E
It touches
y % ) "% H
Quranic Arabic Program
X # e
Forcing
Poor people, plural of o He should keep himself chaste They want Legal document
Niche
a p! %
Write the deed of liberty
Lamp, light
C G ? %
Don’t force
101
Word
Arrange marriage
Olive
It illuminates
Explanation
$U R % F % ) % ># @?% E p # ?H N p# H i Level 03
Lesson 6B: Quranic Socio-Economic Teachings R E h $ Ee 9 + *e ( # L \% / KG >% < i J 1 3H Z% ># H i 2J I1 .2 A q: @ # < > ( D q?) E ( " &% > Q# E K % H # ( L ; a >< , . a )[ >% @ < $= !E \% Y % E ( ( 6 % \% Z% N : EhE R" / \ ) [% ( Z% Eh 3 % > .1 <%'U RR # ( > O H %E , ; a "R |R % . )d # K E& ( ( < )[ X X : .% / ( : I %>b X :% 3 E Z% X $U I Le [ $ R %"| ( ?) d % E a > < a ) Z% R "/% F \ EQ 1. ) .1a \% ( " 1 ( ( # 3 % E Z% \% N E :% p E Z% X : E V c% Le a % < Y % 6 % < ; G "R R G d& ( * % \% V G % ( * % \% V G % X !@% E Ä,q3R a d % < (24:19-40 His Light is found in those houses which Allah has sanctioned to be built for the remembrance of His name; where His praise is sung, in the mornings and in the evenings again and again, by such people whom neither business nor business profit can divert from the remembrance of Allah, nor from establishing the Prayer and nor from paying Zakat, for they fear the Day of Judgment when hearts will be overturned and eyes will be petrified, who hope that Allah will reward them according to the best of their deeds and add for them even more out of His grace: for Allah gives without measure to whom He pleases. As for the unbelievers, their deeds will disappear like a mirage in a sandy desert, which the thirsty traveler thinks to be water, but when he comes near, he finds it to be nothing, instead he finds Allah to settle his account - Allah is swift in settling accounts. Or another parable of unbelievers' efforts is that of a person trying to swim in a bottomless ocean overwhelmed with billows, one over the other, overcast with dark clouds - layers of utter darkness one above another - so much so that if he stretches out his hand, he can hardly see it. The one to whom Allah does not give light, will have no light!
Do you know? The Quran took serious steps to eradicate slavery from the Islamic society gradually. These verses describe some of these steps i.e. marrying slave-men & women and giving freedom to a slave for a payment in easy installments if he / she wants to buy freedom and then helping them in financial terms. For more details, see my book: Abolition of Physical & Intellectual Slavery in Islam. http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/Slavery/L0018-00-Slavery.htm Face the Challenge!
Rule of the Day! If the word
,- , it gives the sense of expressing a wish. For example Z means “he understood” while Z FE >%
Identify 10 Arabic words from your vocabulary in which someone is asked to ‘not do’ something. Explanation
Word
means “I wish he would have understood.” Explanation
Word
Bottomless, very deep
Ä,q3R
Accounting, measurement
It dominates
!@% E
Mirage, illusion
Sea wave, billow
V G %
Desert
a >*
Clouds
G d&
Thirsty
R %"|
He does not see
:% p E Z%
He gives in full measure / causes to die
Quranic Arabic Program
> is added before a
102
Explanation
Word
a )[
At morning
q: @ #
a &
At evening
2 A
It diverts them
Z% ># H
It will be overturned
O H
So that He rewards them
Z% Eh 3 % > Level 03
Lesson 6B: Quranic Socio-Economic Teachings
; 3 d # R 1 &
The Chapter of the Chambers
.Z >[ \ " [% 0 Z )< ( 3 % H i q,?. ; % A Y % Z% pR H A % % H i . n \ EQ ~E E .ZG >/ KG >"& ( e ( R H ( &1 ( P % : E \ >% < q: H i . n \ EQ ~E E Z%
# Z% <R*R ( \ d % \ EQ l % R ( 2 &1 : .% / Z% H A % ~6@ E \ EQ e . ! % H i Z% % Z% pR R "/% ?d % H # a % ? Z% pR 6 % < % 3 2 % # < .ZG >[1 1G RF ( Z% >% c p Z% >% e V % H [ ?A Z% % . R % E i Z% N w# ; 3 d # $ 1 \% l .E \EQ e .ZG >|/ G I% J F @% \% o a w , Z% pR >4E % ( 2 &1 Z% pR > " /% .f Z% # / d? % a 3 < %* ?>H # .>? a?.< mG & Z% R $U I # e . n \ EQ ~E E ZG >/ ( " % ( \% 9 6 % . :b Z% N l % R > % # Y )FR # F# pR # Z% pR >% e X Z% pR <R*R , ( .E "E%{ Z% pR >% e O ?[ ( \p Z% ~. % 'U .ZG >p[ In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful. O believers! Do not put yourselves ahead of Allah and His Messenger. Fear Allah; surely Allah hears all and knows all. O believers! Do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet, nor speak aloud when talking to him as you speak aloud to one another, lest your deeds should come to nothing while you do not even perceive it. Those who lower their voices and speak softly in the presence of Allah’s Messenger are the ones whose hearts Allah has tested for piety; they shall have forgiveness and a great reward. Those who call out to you, [O Muhammad,] from outside the private apartments, most of them lack common sense. If only they had patience until you could come out to them, it would certainly be better for them. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. O believers, if an evildoer comes to you with some news, verify it [investigate to ascertain the truth], lest you should harm others unwittingly and then regret what you have done. And know that Allah’s Messenger is among you. If he were to follow you in most affairs, you would certainly be in trouble. Allah has endeared this faith to you and beautified it in your hearts, making unbelief, wrongdoing, and disobedience abhorrent to you. It is they who are rightly guided through Allah’s grace and blessing. Allah is Knowledgeable, Wise.
Do you know? In Pre-Islamic Arabia, slavery was present in its worst form. The most heinous form of slavery was sex-slavery. Beautiful young girls were trained as prostitutes to earn money for their masters.
Explanation You become
Word
d? % H
Ashamed
f
You will
Z% ~./
He endeared
O ?[
Explanation
.E
They call
$ 1
Beyond
mG &
Morally corrupt
a?
News
He beautified it
\ E
O you all! Investigate
He made it hateful / abhorrent
X
You cause harm
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
103
.>?H ?>H
Explanation Chambers
Word
; 3 d #
You advance
q: H
You raise
% H
It spoils
?d % H
They lower He tested
~6@ E \ d % Level 03
Lesson 6B: Quranic Socio-Economic Teachings 2 :% # < " .>% < d A % ; % $U # ( % e $U ,FH [ ,@?% H , R H
c% '= / "N :[% e % @ < # " .>% < d A % R*# f . g% " # \% F } # e . "[ % H Z% pR ( R H Z% pR E% c \ >% < d A % J c% e . g% " # "e .f 4 ) # " # ~Od E ( e R4) *# y # < #'U < h< .H i Z% pR ) FR h" # H i \ .% %>c \pR E # ) / $a ) \% $T ) i Z% .% %>c RpE # ) / +a % * \% +G * % ) % E i . n \ EQ ~E E . " | Z% N l % R O % E Z% \% Õ{ : % < Y )FR # Z &% i R H X "N% p %> ( >c Z d % R # E # Z% R : [ ~Od E ª 6%< Z% pR 6 % < O % @% E i ))3 H i ZG 8#e q\| % < e q\| \% ow ?.I% . n \ EQ ~E E .ZG >[1 G H ( e ( (49:1-13 ; 3d# ) .o G ?c ZG >/ ( e Z% R H% ( : .% / Z% pR # e R1 } ?* <b Z% R .# I wR a L \% Z% R .# c e . ~E E If two parties among the believers fall into mutual fighting, make peace between them. Then if one of them transgresses against the other, fight the one who has transgressed until he returns to the commands of Allah. Then, if he returns, make peace between them with justice and be fair; for Allah loves those who are fair and just. The believers are brothers to one another, therefore, make reconciliation between your brothers and fear Allah, so that you may be shown mercy. O believers! Let no men laugh at other men who may perhaps be better than themselves; and let no woman laugh at another woman, who may perhaps be better than herself. Do not defame [through sarcastic remarks] about one another, nor call one another by offensive nicknames. It is an evil thing to be called by a bad name after being a believer, and those who do not repent are the ones who are the wrongdoers. O believers! Avoid suspicion, for in some cases suspicion is a sin. Do not spy on one another, nor backbite one another [to say something about another behind ones back that if one hears it, dislikes it]. Would any of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brother? Surely you would abhor it. Fear Allah; for Allah is the Accepter of repentance, Merciful. O mankind! We created you from a single [pair of] a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes that you might get to know one another. Surely the noblest of you in the sight of Allah is he who is the most righteous. Allah is All-Knowledgeable, All-Aware.
Explanation Avoid!
Word
?.I% q\|
Suspicion
Don’t backbite You hate it
R4) *#
Be just!
f 4 ) # " #
Just people Don’t make a fun (with disdain)
% ) % E i
))3 H i
It is possible that
)/
O % @% E i X "N%
<b
Nations So that you get introduced
Word
ZG 8#e
Sin Don’t spy on
Explanation
R1
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Word
Two groups
F }
They Fight
R*#
(O you all!) Make reconciliation She / they transgressed
d A % % @ <
Don’t defame (by sarcastic remarks)
h" # H i
Other
c% '=
Don’t call
h< .H i
Fight!
RH *
(Offensive) nicknames
#'U
They transgress
,@?% H
He does not repent
O % E Z%
They return
$U ,FH
104
Level 03
Lesson 6B: Quranic Socio-Economic Teachings
: E:d# R 1 &
The Chapter of Iron
Z% .% o G w Z% <R*R % ) : 'U Z% >% / 2 4 R ?% * \% p # HR \ EQ RpE i qmd # \% 2 h ( # Q Z% <R*R K ! % H # . n \ EQ # E Z% . R % H Z% pR ; E Z% pR .>< :% * H% : % < k 1% 'U , d % E ( " /% . R & Z% Z% q<1 : .% / $= : ~! R Eq:q Z% N l % R ( & 1 ( < . n \ EQ .ZG E% G I% Z% Z% / 6E .)[ -%* ( - *# ; *q:" # f * q:" # e .Z >d3 # dA % l % R .H E< <Q F \ EQ Z% N 1 Z% N I% ª 4[ R RpE Z8R F % X ¸ >E Z8R ( H ? 1 FpR # O 3 /% M a >% w" i%'U 2 % 'U , G 8R pH Z% pR .>% < G c FH J .E G % O G >%~: R >d # " " /% ; % :/ R k 1% 'U $ ") k % % / a .I Z% pR q<1 \% a F @% e R < & .1 @ # 5 ie >%~: R >d # J % 1 ( \% J F @% :G E:b G Q/ c , .Z >| # 6 % F # RL ( $= !E \% ( >Hg% E ( R 6 % l L ( & 1 ( < . n \ EQ Has not the time arrived for the believers to submit with fervent hearts to Allah’s warning and to the truth He has revealed, so that they may not become like those who were given the Book before this, even though their term was prolonged for them but their hearts became hardened? Today most among them are transgressors. You should know that Allah restores the earth to life after its death. We have spelled out Our revelations for you, so that you may understand. Surely the charitable men and the charitable women, and those who give a goodly loan to Allah, shall be repaid manifold, and also be given a liberal reward besides it. Those who believe in Allah and His Messenger, they are the truthful and the true witnesses in the sight of their Lord; they shall have their reward and their light. But those who disbelieve and reject Our revelations; they shall be the inmates of hellfire. You should know that the life of this world is only play and amusement, a show and boasting among yourselves, a quest for greater riches and more children. Its similitude is that of vegetation that flourish after rain: the growth of which delights the tillers, then it withers and you see it turn yellow, soon it becomes dry and crumbles away. In the hereafter there will be either severe punishment or forgiveness from Allah and His good pleasure. The life of this world is nothing but an illusion. Therefore, earnestly strive for the forgiveness of your Lord and for the paradise which is as vast as the heaven and the earth, prepared for those who believe in Allah and His Messengers. Such is the grace of Allah, which He bestows on whom He pleases, and Allah is the Owner of mighty grace.
Explanation It makes happy
Word
O 3 /%
It becomes
¸ >E
Yellowish
Explanation
Word
- *#
Give loan!
Explanation Iron, steel
Word
: E:d#
It will be increased multiple times
/ 6E
It became long
2
F %
The Hell
Z >d3 #
Period of time
: 'U
Broken pieces
4[
Play, leisure
O G
It became hard
% ) *
Delusion, illusion
1 @ #
Amusement
G %
Run!
R < &
Boasting, show off
G c FH
It is prepared
; % :/ R
Vegetation, crops
M a >%
Quranic Arabic Program
105
We clarified Charitable men
.>< f * q:" #
Level 03
Lesson 6B: Quranic Socio-Economic Teachings ( Z% R Hn "< [ F# H i Z% pR H / %& #H 9%>p .o G) E ( / l L e N ?% # ?% * \% a , ie Z% pR ) FR % , i k 1% 'U , a ?> \% A .: >"d # ~,.@ # N ( 2 E \% % ?# < . # E R ?% E \ EQ .1a 2a % R ~Od E i O >% @ # < ( & 1 X .% E \% ( Z % > . K . :G E:b G # < ( > : E:d # .#h % ) % # < . + R > h>"# p # Z% .#h % ; .q>?# < . & 1 .# & 1% :% .hG Eh/ P * ( e X .>% Hn Z E% \ <% )>< .>% F* . & < Z% N 1 8n / .%>F* Z8R . R & Z% .% o G w :a % Z% .% " p # ?~. " Eq1LR , .# I Z >N <%e [ .# & %1 :% Z% .% . n \ EQ .>% H E /1 m[ N% / 1 " ( % 1 $U @<% ie Z% >% / N .?% N/: <% > ?N% 1 ª" [% 1 #1 X ?H \ EQ R*R , .# I >3%{ (57:16-27 :E:d# ) . R & Z% .% o G w Z% N I% No affliction can happen on earth nor to your souls, which is not recorded in a Book, before We bring it into existence; surely that is easy for Allah. This is done so that you may not grieve for the things that you miss, or be overjoyed at what you gain; for Allah does not love any vainglorious boaster, nor those who, being stingy themselves, enjoin others to be stingy also. He that gives no heed should know that Allah is free of all needs, worthy of all praises. Surely We sent Our Messengers with clear signs, and sent down with them the Book and the Scales of Justice, so that men may conduct themselves with fairness. We also sent down Iron, with its mighty strength and diverse uses for mankind, so that Allah may know those who will help Him, though unseen, and help His Messengers. Surely Allah is All-Powerful, All-Mighty. We sent Noah and Abraham, and bestowed among their descendants Prophethood and the Book. Some of them adopted the right guidance, but most of them were transgressors. After them We sent other Messengers, one after the other, and followed them with Jesus the son of Mary. We gave him The Gospel, and put compassion and mercy into the hearts of his followers. As for monasticism, they instituted it themselves - for We did not enjoin it on them - in order to seek the good pleasure of Allah, but they did not observe it as it should have been observed. Yet We rewarded those among them who were true believers, but most of them are transgressors.
Explanation
Word
.>% F*
We sent continuously Their footsteps
Z% N 1 8n #1
Compassion, love
Explanation He pays no attention
Easy
Balance, the criteria for right & wrong
h>"#
So that not, i
Strength
They invented (from their own)
/: <%
Hard
Pleasure
% 1
N% / 1
They took care of it Its requirements to observe
G # < :G E:b
, 2
You become disappointed It lacks
P *
Don’t be happy
Progeny, children
Eq1LR
Self-proud
One who selects the right path
:a %
Boaster They become stingy
106
Word
N ?% # o G) E
Powerful
E /1
Quranic Arabic Program
We bring it into existence
; .q>?#
> ?N% 1
.?%
2 E
Explanation
Clear signs
Monasticism
We made it mandatory
Word
9%>p %& # H ; [ F# H i 2a % 1a R ?% E Level 03
Lesson 6B: Quranic Socio-Economic Teachings
!d# R 1 &
The Chapter of Banishment
( &1 / ( $U .G E:* $a ,% b jR / ( $= !E \% / ( & 1 R j) E ( \p a 1 i a >% c \% ( >% / Z% F# I % " Z% .% ( &1 / ( U$ ( .% / Z% R X RQ 2R & Z% R Hn Z% pR .% $ >.# 'U \ >% < RpE i ,% >?) \ <% f )" # ># <% R # PQ 2 & (
R # N% \% . # : E:b ( e ( R H % 1 : =$?H \ EQ . R* Z% N l % R ( &1 ( .% E % 1 ( \% 9 6 % @?% E Z% % Z% N 1 E \% I c% R \ EQ \ EI " # $ FR # l % R ( ) F# Db Y E \% J A c Z% < % Z% ) FR % / 8g% E HR " I [ Z% N 1 :A , :3 E i Z% >% e I N \% ~?d E Z% ?% * \% "E%{ .ZG >[1 B G =$1 l e .<1 . n \ EQ 9 .<R*R , # 3 % H i "E%{ < R ?& \ EQ . c% { . % F # .<1 RR E Z% N : % < \% =$ I \ EQ . d F# " # Z% N (59:6-10 !d# ) As for those spoils of theirs which Allah has bestowed on His Messenger, you spurred neither cavalry nor camelry to capture them: but Allah gives authority to His Messengers over whom He pleases, for Allah has power over all things. Whatever spoils from the dwellers of the township Allah has bestowed on His Messenger, shall belong to Allah, His Messenger, [Messenger's] relatives, and to the orphans, the needy and the travellers in need; so that it may not become the property of the rich among you. Whatever the Messenger gives you, take it and from whatever he forbids you, refrain from it. Fear Allah; for Allah is stern in retribution. [A share of the spoils shall be given to] the indigent immigrants who were driven out of their homes and their possessions, and are seeking Allah’s grace and His good pleasure and who want to help Allah and His Messenger: such are indeed the true believers. [A share of the spoils shall also be given to] those who [made their abode in Medina i.e. the Ansar] and believed even before the arrivals of the immigrants and love those who migrated to them and entertain no desire in their hearts for things given to them, and prefer those immigrants over themselves, even though they themselves are poor. [In fact] those who are saved from the greediness of hearts, are the ones who will achieve true success. And [it is also for] those who came after them and say: "Our Lord! Forgive us and our brothers who embraced the faith before us and do not leave any malice in our hearts towards the believers. Our Lord! Surely You are the Kind, the Merciful."
Rule of the Day
is added before a 51 6 , it gives the sense of expressing a hope. For example Z FE means “he understands / will understand” while Z FE means “I hope that he will understand.” If the word
Explanation They sacrifice Poverty
Word
Explanation
Word
8g% E
Township
R #
J A c
Revolving
Explanation Gathering (on the Judgment day) He gave
Word
!d# $U
His is protected
Y E
Punishment
#
You expedited
Z% F# I
Greediness
Db
They made
=$?H
Horses, cavalry
a >% c
They advanced us Malice
Quranic Arabic Program
R ?& 9
Home
1 :
Animals used for transportation e.g. camel
a 1
He migrated
I N
He appoints as a master
R j) E
107
Level 03
Lesson 6B: Quranic Socio-Economic Teachings
Y94 R 1 &
The Chapter of Divorce
(Z>[ \"%[ 0 Z)< :[ l # H a .q>? a ! [ F< f H# E # ie \ I% % E i \ H>< \% \N I % H i Z% pR <1 ( R H : # [% \ H: \N R j4 $U )q. Z% # Le ~,?. E E
L : b% B a % " < \N R*1 % B a % " < \N Rp) % \ I \ @% < L . % l L : % < S R : d % E ( P1:% H i ( ) F# Z :% ( :[ : E \% ( .( ! ">* Z% pR .% 2a :% / X % ´R < ( e ( ?) % [ ( / # E \% O ) d % E i M R >% [ \% (*# % E . I % ( # 3 % E ( m E \% c + % ># ( < \ g% E \% ( < x R / E Z% pR L . 1%:* $a ,% b jpR ( I :% * \% ( # 3 % E ( m E \% \ "% [ \ % 6 E # \ R I 2 "[% 'U ;i%R \ 6 % d E Z% ,}9 a b% R 898 \ H: Z% ?% H1% # e Z% pR } ) \% >d" # \% \ ) % E ,}9 . %I ( Z% | % E ( H q>& ( .% / % jFp E ( m E \% Z% pR >% e ( h ( % l L . %)E X % In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful. O Prophet! If you and the believers divorce your wives, divorce them at the end of their prescribed periods, and count their prescribed periods accurately. Fear Allah, your Lord. Do not expel them from their homes [during their waiting period], nor they themselves should leave, unless they have committed an open lewdness. These are limits set by Allah; he that transgresses the limits of Allah will wrong his own soul. You never know, Allah may, thereafter, bring about some new situation [of reconciliation]. Then when their waiting period ends, either keep them honorably or part with them in an honorable way. Call to witness two honest persons among you, and [O witnesses,] bear witness equitably for the sake of Allah. This advice is being given to all who believe in Allah and the last Day. He that fears Allah may be provided a way out by Him, and given sustenance from the sources he could never imagine: for Allah is all sufficient for the person who puts his trust in Him. Surely Allah brings about what He pleases, and Allah has set a measure for all things. If you have any doubt concerning those of [your wives] who have ceased menstruating, then [you should know] that their waiting period will be three months, and the same will apply to those who have no menstruation [due to young age or a disease]. As for those who are pregnant, their waiting period will end with delivery. Allah will ease the hardship of those who fear Him. This is the command of Allah which He has sent down to you. He that fears Allah, will have his sins removed and his reward enlarged.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
They lost hope
\ ) % E
He brings new situation
You doubt
Z% ?% H1%
Keep
\ 6 % d E
Leave
R*1
Waiting period after divorce
2 "[% 'U
It is advised
x R / E
Count!
He will make void, He will remove
% jFp E
He imagines
O ) d % E
He will enlarge
Z% | % E
Those who, plural of ×
They menstruate Pregnancy
Quranic Arabic Program
S R : d % E
Explanation
Rp) %
108
,}9
Divorce You divorce them
He crossed limits You don’t know
Word
Y94 \N R j :/ [% : E P1:% H i Level 03
Lesson 6B: Quranic Socio-Economic Teachings \N H Z% pR \ % 1% # \ "% [ \ % 6 E [ \ >% / R F % a "% [ ; iR \R # e \ >% / R q>6 \N ~1 6H i Z% R : I% \% Z% .p& M R >% [ \% \N .p &%
ie )#F ( jp E i ( X Hn " m% F .># ( *R % 1 ( >% / 1 : *R \% ( & \% a & RL m% F .> .
c% R ( K % ) Z% H% & H # e B a % " < Z% pR .>% < " H# \N 1 IR . %)E a ) % / : % < ( R 3 % >& N Hn
< Q/ Z% ( :/ . %)c N % R ?* / N % 2 < % * Q . p# < Q/ N .<%Q/ :E:b < )[ N .?% & d ( & 1 q<1 % \% / % / a E% * \% \% qE . #L Z% pR >% e ( 2 h :% * . n \ EQ ?#'U ,R E ( R H :E:b \% P3 % H ; a .I ( # c :% E d A # " % E ( < \% g% E \% 1~. e ; "R |z \% ; d R" / . n \EQ V % > ; a .q>? ( ; En Z% pR >% / R% E i &1 G E:* $a ,% b jR / ( " % \ .>% < % 'U 2R h.E \ w# k 1% 'U \% ; a "& K ?% & m c PQ ( . *%1 ( ( \ ) [% :% * :< > \ E: c 1 %U' d % H . "#/ $a ,% b jpR < [ :% * ( Let those women, during their waiting period (‘Iddat), live where you yourselves live according to your means. You shall not harass them so as to make life intolerable for them. If they are pregnant, maintain them until their delivery: and if, after that, they suckle your offspring, compensate them and settle the matter of compensation with mutual consultation and in all fairness. But if you cannot bear with each other then let another woman suckle the baby for you. Let the rich man give according to his means, and the poor man give according to what Allah has given him. Allah does not charge a man with more than He has given him; soon Allah may bring ease after hardship. How many townships have rebelled against the commandments of their Lord and His Messengers! Stern was Our reckoning with them and exemplary was Our punishment. So they tasted the fruit of their misdeeds, and the fruit of their misdeeds was perdition. Allah has prepared for them a severe punishment. Therefore, fear Allah! O men of understanding and faith. Allah has indeed sent down to you an admonition: A Messenger reciting to you the revelations of Allah containing clear guidance, so that he may lead the believers who do good deeds from the darkness to the light. He that believes in Allah and does good deeds, shall be admitted to gardens beneath which rivers flow, to live therein forever; and Allah has prepared an excellent provision for them. It is Allah Who has created seven heavens, and earths as many. His commandment descends through them, so that you may know that Allah has power over all things, and that Allah encompasses all things in His knowledge. (Adopted from the Translation of F. Malik)
Explanation We punished it
Word
Explanation
Word
N .<%Q/
You are in difficulty
Z% H% & H
#p
She suckles the baby
K % H
Exemplary She / they tasted
% * L
Rich, the person financially relax
a & RL
Explanation Dwell! Provide residence! Your finding, your availability
Word
.p &% Z% R : I%
Your harm
~1 6H R q>6
Curse
2 <
Problem
a ) % /
To creative difficulties
Result
R ?* /
Ease
%)E
They deliver (a child)
\ % 6 E
% /
They suckle (the baby)
\ % 1%
Loss
%)c
She / they rebelled
He encircles
[
We reckoned
N .?% & [
Their remuneration Settle! Decide!
Quranic Arabic Program
109
\N 1 IR " H# Level 03
Lesson 7A: The Groups of
7 ,898 and the Source Noun 1:
The Result Compare the result. Each line carried four marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
1:
27 51 6
+ 51 6
27 ,-
+ ,-
Y E
Y E
Y 1
Y 1
To provide as sustenance
: 3 ) % E
: 3 ) % E
: 3 &
: 3 &
To prostrate
2R E
2R R E
>*
2 *
To say
() 2J *
gE
E
R
To instruct / request / advise
() G
K I E
K I E
K I 1
K I 1
To return
p ! % E
pR ! % E
p b
p b
To be thankful
: ?E
: ?E
: ?/
: ?/
To worship
| .E
|R .E
|
|
To see, to think, to wait
() G |#
Z % E
Z % E
Z /
Z /
To know
() ZG # /
: !E
: !E
: b
: b
To observe
k "E
k "E
k
k
To be ill
() k G %
O @E
O @E
O R
O
To dominate
(k) T?#
y 3E
y 3E
y I
y I
To sit
Meaning
() Y G % 1 % & () T: 3
(B) 5 G I 1 () G pb () T ?/
() T b
(k) T) # I
You may have noticed that certain words do not follow exactly the pattern and weight mentioned in previous lessons. For example
E
1 ªK>?E 5 < ª2 E 2 * etc. There are special rules for their transformation. We will discuss in the next level.
is added before a 51 6 , it gives the sense of ‘soon. For example Z FE means “he understands / will understand” while Z F>& means “Soon he will Rule of the Day! If the word understand.”
Quranic Arabic Program
110
Level 03
Lesson 7A: The Groups of
7 ,898 and the Source Noun 1:
1:
27 51 6
+ 51 6
27 ,-
+ ,-
O pE
O pE
O R
O
To write
() T<
R FE
R FE
R
To do
(B) J %
FR pE
FR pE
F R
F
To disbelieve, to reject
() G F# R
= QcgE
= Qc E
Q c R
Q c
To take, to catch
() TQ%c
R ? E
R ? E
?*=
?*
To accept
() 2J ?*R
W E
W E
W H
W H
To leave
() WG H
M R ?E
M R ?E
M <
M <
To send, to raise up
() Tw<
R E
R E
*=
*
To kill
() J *
R " E
R " E
" /
" /
To perform, to do
6E
6E
.E
.E
To help
() T %
+ pE
+ pE
+ R
+
To be respected
(W) T
O ) dE
O ) dE
O ) [
O ) [
To think
(C) O G ) % [
C FE
C FE
C R
C
To be happy
() T[
: ?% E
: ?% E
: <
: <
To be away
(W) :G <
E
E
*=
*
To be near
(W) T<R*
Meaning
To beat, to describe
(B) J " / (k) G %
Now prepare the complete tables of all of the words mentioned here.
Quranic Arabic Program
111
Level 03
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary The Result: Calculate your score. Each paragraph carries 10 mark. If your score is less than 80%, repeat the exercise. The translation is provided for each paragraph. Text in parenthesis [ ] is the information not describe in the original Arabic text but its sense is understood.
( [ Äm[ PL R /%
Give Everyone his Due Right
+
ª$ 1: < R "# & 1 h .$ 1% : ¦ q,&1 F "# &¶ f< Z& (>/ 0 A ~,?. cn :2 * (./ ( ,-1 ( : ?/ \< O%N F >% d I ¦ \/ “. >: , J I [ ( y> $ 1: < W c” : * “¬lb ” :2 ªjQ? $ 1: “.Z% ” :( 2 ª+R E $ 1: < O N L R > " . “. H [ < ” :2 * “.ZG } A ,q ª#R ” :( 2 ª ( K . ª$ 1: < $ 3 l>/ l ) F# . e ª [ l>/ l q< e” :R "& ( 2 . >"I > “. ZR*” :R "& 2 * >% c n \% " “.Z% ” :( 2 ª+R E O N L ZR8 .+ . “.( [ Äm[ PL R /% . [ l>/ l N% ' ª [ (+ ³ P1 ? X 1) “.R "# & Y : A ” :Z& (>/ 0 A ~,?. 2 ª( lL Q Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. H Narrated by Abu Juhaifa Wahb Ibn A’bdullah, he said: The Prophet made Salman Al-Farsi and Abu Darda brothers. [Once] Salman visited Abu Darda. He saw Umm Darda wearing unattractive cloths. He asked, “What happened to you?” She said, “Your brother Abu Darda does not have any worldly desire.” Abu Darda came and prepared food for him and said to him: “Eat, [I will not eat because] I am fasting.” He [Salman] said: “I will not eat unless you eat [with me].” So he started eating. At night time, Abu Darda stood [for prayer] and [Salman] said to him, “Sleep.” When some night was passed, Abu Darda [again] stood for prayer. He [Salman] said to him, “Sleep”. At the last of part of night, Salman said, “Now stand up.” Both of them performed the prayer collected. Salman said to him, “Surely your Lord has rights upon you. Surely your body has rights upon you and surely your family has rights upon you. Give everyone having right his due rights. Then he came to the Prophet and described that to him. The Prophet said, “Salman spoke the truth.” (Bukhari reported it in [the chapter of] Fasting)
Do you know? Islamic texts like the Quran & the Hadith are analyzed from different angles: (1) Meaning of individual words. (2) Grammatical issues. (3) Issues related to rhetoric. In Arabic, it is very important to consider the rhetorical aspect of a statement because many words and phrases are metaphorical and figurative meaning. (4) Background information & the context for that statement. (5) The message described in the text.
Explanation
Word
Eater
n
Explanation A woman wearing unattractive cloths
Sleep!
Z%
He made
He slept
+
Eat!
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
jQ? K .A # R
112
Explanation
Word
Give!
/%
He made brothers
cn
He visited
1 Level 03
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary ; F"# = Cb Ö
A – Explanation of Individual Words
N .
"p .J c g :1 : "# .,c gE :5 1 6" # .\ E% c 'U " I
".>< cn
He made them ‘like brothers’. Its 51 6 is ,c gE. Its 1: is c g [which means making brothers].
.\ ~Eh W % H :2R Qz ? . " .% " # ? ,N ªQ# ? >8 y ?
2 Q?H
He wore the uniform. It is the dress of professional and work. 2Q?H means leaving attractive dress. He worked on it. Its 1: is K.A [making].
.KG .% A :1:"# .(" /
$U ,! K.A
.gb :K"I . % 'U 2 d#
R # !
Z& (>/ 0 A (' . .) \ 1 *{ .(./ ( ,-1 "& 2 * dA / 2 Z& (>/ 0 A , ?. \ 1 *e QN .a < / ¶:[ ~ E i
R "& Y : A
Condition and matter. Plural: gb.
This is approval of the Prophet that indicates the correctness of Salman’s words. His acceptance is Sunnah because He did not used to approve anyone’s false acts.
J E d ; G [ 6Ee Ö
B – Grammatical Explanations
.(12:31 &E) . !< QN : d % ª N ?% c O .% H " &% K ª>" &% i "3# / R c :H “.y >” ; c \ ,N .“R E 3d # ” XQN :a < (1) .(2:74 ? ) .R" % H "/ a @< ( : d % ª$ ? < N ?c R E :% *
of Hijaaz. It is from the group of y>. When it is entered on a Nounish Sentence, it gives K1 to its noun and O to its khabr. For example: “He is not a man.” (Joseph 12:31). Here QN is :? while !< is Khabr which has a O. Its khabr is also merged with . For example: “Allah is not ignorant ( @<) of what you do.” (Baqarah 2:74). Here it is 17 due to . (1) I am not going to eat: This is the
Explanation Sisters, belonging to the same group
Word
; c
It changes to K1 form It changes to O form It comes with, it meets For example
K H O .% H R E d %
Explanation Acceptance, approval It indicates, it is an argument
Explanation
1 *e
Explanation
2
Single words
Word
C b ; F"#
Correctness
dA
He wore
He does not accept
~ E i
Work costume
Q# ?
Profession
.% " #
Wearing attractive dress / jewelry etc.
\ ~Eh
; G [ 6Ee
Clarifications, explanations
J E d
Grammatical
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
113
y ?
Level 03
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary .B G RQd % N “# ” 1a "-< N: < 5 1 6"# R F O .E .“ºe” ."< .N “[” : R H [ (2) ( $U b () :\ E% cn \ >% w l>e .9 / /R R pE Qa .>[ ª“K * ª:I ªS: [ ” ."< % Le H R RpH .J H “ ” .N :...> " (3) . E" # ; R > " ( ) .\% pR E Z # ! E Z ª >/ l q< e (4) “.i p .E: e” :d ª " &% \ >% < .>< N ?c R ~& H O I a "I ( ?b N?c p “e” Z & Le .e Z & “ [” .N : [ l (88:25-26 :>b @ ) .Z % < )[ .>/ e ZR8 Z% < Ee .>e e : d ª? # R ~& H I Z &i Le (73:12 R qh" # ) ZR Ee ( ) .2 "! < R R E 4>! 2 "q! < RR H i () : >> $ F#
cR R w l >e .“,q' ” “,” ." R > >% $= F X Q N :ZG } A , # R (5) .ZG >L mG R c ( Q p W Ee (ÖI) .O 4 d # 1 . R H " ; .)d # R R E : ) d # : ) d # (2) Until you eat: Here “until” means “to”. The 51 6 will be given O due to hidden # which is omitted [but actually available between Ô[ and H.]
(3) When the night occurred …: Here the word is perfect. When it is perfect, it gives the meaning of “it
occurred, it was found, it happened”. In that case, its / will be 5. Two other examples are [presented] for you: (A) What Allah wills, it happens. What He does not will, does not happen. (B) When night occurred, the patient died. (If is not in the meaning of ‘occurrence”, then it is called * . See Lesson 5A of Level 2 for more details.) (4) Surely your Lord has rights upon you: Here, the word [ is the noun of e. When the noun ( :?) of e is a common noun and its ¡c is like a sentence, it is essential to place the ¡c between e and its noun. For example:
“Surely there are heavy shackles available with us.” (Muzzammil 73:12). If the noun is a proper noun, it is allowed [but not mandatory] to place the ¡c between [ :? e]. For example: “Surely they have a returning place with Us and then surely their accountability will be Our task.” (5) Eat, I am fasting: This B is for describing the reason. So the meaning of ° is “because I am”. There are other
examples of B of reasoning: (A) Don’t eat with your left hand because surely, the Satan eats with the left hand. (B) Beware of jealousy because surely it eats the good deeds like the fire eats the wood. (C) Beware of falsehood because surely it is a bad character.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Proper Noun
He died
;
A word hidden but understood
Their place of return
Z% < Ee
Common noun
p
Omitted in words but present in meaning
R > >%
Like a sentence
a "I ( ?b
Related to ‘reason’
R w
1a "-e B G RQd %
Complete, H means “be, happened”
J H K *
It becomes mandatory
O I
It happened
O 4 d #
Putting between
R ~& H
The word having K1
5 R
ZG >L
Heavy shackles
i p
A noun which does a task
9 /
Examples, plural of 2 w Wood used for burning
Word
Dispraised, bad
Quranic Arabic Program
114
Level 03
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary
> 9? O 3 # \ Ö ÖI
C – Rhetorical Sides
. < ( "N% + :/ ª >~: \ / ( % \/ J E . R 1 ? X Q “. >%~: , J I [ ( y > $ 1: < W c” $ 1: q+ 2 * , R E .p In the words of Umm Darda, there is a metonymy, “Your brother Abu Darda has no need in this world.” This statement is a metonymy to describe his turning away from and not taking care of the worldly matters.
qÈ. \ F)E Ö
D – What can be derived from the Statement?
(?> ).% E i ª c 1 : ( X Hn "> ,@?% E ){ .\ Eq: O 4 >~: O 4 \ >% < K " 3E PjQ \ E: ª2 :/% i ~& \ E + 9&{ (1) ( >@?% H : ) 3 # ( ?R 4E \ >% < H 0 ?/ \ >% < l Q< K " 3> ªU$ ). V h E ª+ .E > + R E ª4 F# E + > .( >e ( \ ) [ " \ ) d % E >: \ .C ~ ; ?q> \ ( ) F# %[ , B % ) % E i ª ? , X : ) I l % .% ÓE 9 R > d # X QN W 1 :% E Z )"# / ª+9&{ , > ?N% 1 i ª\E: , ~:! H i (2) . [ ?" # >: (1) Islam is the religion of moderation and ease. It is the religion that combines the worldly and religious objectives. It is the responsibility of a person to seek what Allah will give him in the Hereafter but he should not forget his share in this world. He should do good as Allah does good with him. He should fast and also not fast. He should stand for prayer at night but also sleep. He should marry with women. He should accumulate Allah’s worship and what the body and the spirit demands. (2) There is no extremism in the religion. There is no monasticism in Islam. It is essential for the Muslim to understand this reality. He should not forbid his body’s [requirements] due to worship. He should not transgress by forbidding the lawful pure worldly things for himself.
Explanation Body
Word
: ) 3 #
Explanation
Word
2 :/% i
Moderation
It demands
,@?% H
He gathers
K " 3E
Spirit, soul
C ~
Demands
O 4
Extremism, strictness
~:! H
He forgets
).% E
Explanation Sides Rhetoric
Word
O 3 # > 9?
Metonymy
R E .p
Statement
R 1 ?
He transgresses
B) % E
Share
O>
Turning away, departure
B %
Forbidding, deprivation
%[
He does good
\ ) d % E
Taking care of
+ "N%
Allowed
[ ?" #
He did good
\ ) [
Its benefit is got, its meanings are derived
F)E
He does not fast, he eats & drinks
Quranic Arabic Program
115
4 F# E
A clear statement
qÈ. Level 03
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary
¬0 :[ \ Ä:[ , K F ! % H
Are you intervening in a limit from Allah’s Limits?
s 3 % E \” : .“¬Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 > Zjp E \” : ª%* & , > h % " # "# R b Zq"N !%E *R ./ ( ,-1 !} / \/ ZR8 “¬º H 0 :[ \ Ä:[ , K F ! % H” :Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 2 ªR & ("p“¬Z& (>/ 0 A ( 2 &1 ~O[ :a E% \ <% R &R ie (>/ % 0 Z E% ª:d # (>/ * >6 Z> Y & Le ªXR H E! Z> Y & Le Z Zp?% * \% \EQ l N% "e” :2 * ZR8 ªO4 c% ª+ * ((>/ mF) “. N:E % 4 % * & :a "d .% < " Narrated by Ayesha that the most important matter for Quraish was the condition of the woman of Banu Makhzum [a noble family of Makkah] that committed theft. They said, “Who will talk to Allah’s Prophet about her?” Then they said, “Who can be courageous enough for that except Usama Ibn Zaid, the beloved of Allah’s Prophet?” Therefore, Usama talked to him. Allah’s Apostle said, “Are you intervening in a limit from Allah’s limits?” Then he stood up and delivered a sermon and said, “Surely those who were before you were ruined because when a noble person from them used to steal something, they used to leave him. And when a weak person from them used to steal, they use to implement the punishment on him. By Allah! If Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad, steal something, definitely I will cut her hand [as well].” (Agreed upon)
; F"# = Cb Ö
A – Explanation of Individual Words
N .
"p (h [% ( *#
9 ' ZN
.: & 'U : ?% / \ <% &% ' .% < R " " # XQN Z & .+h % ,.< ºe ?) %
>h%" #
It worried him and caused grief to him.
Al Makzumiyah: It is the relationship to Banu Makhzoom. The name of that woman was Fatima Bint Al Aswad Ibn A’bdul Asad.
.J $ I ªJ% I :1 : " # .$T PI ªa*z H o # \ (>/ + : *#
$ ,! / I
He moves forward for it without any hesitation, so he is courageous. Its 1: is $ I ،I [which means courage].
Explanation
Word
It caused grief
h [%
Explanation He delivered the sermon
Word
O 4 c%
You intervene
Relationship
?) %
It destroyed
Being courageous
I
Honorable
E!
Most concerned issue for them
He stepped forward
+ : *#
By God
0 Z E%
The woman belonging to Banu Makhzum
Taking a pause
a *z H
I cut
Brave, courageous
$T PI
It worried
Quranic Arabic Program
l N%
Explanation
% 4 * m *# 116
Punishment
Word
K F ! % H Ä:[ Zq"N > h % " #
She theft
% * &
Who can get courage
s 3 % E Level 03
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary
N .
"p
0 A ( 2 &1 :./ J h .% 2i%e ( & \p ª Z& (>/ 0 A ( < " :G [ (>/ sØ i ( : .N "# .K3! H .lL / ) 3 % E ª Z& (>/
$,! / I
He became bold. Here it means: There was nobody getting courage due to solemnity of the Prophet. But Usama had the position and rank with Allah’s Prophet, so he dared to do that. Beloved, plural ?[
?[
.J ?[ ª ?[% V . ?%d" #
~Od #
K F b .N (< £
Z
:2 H . J / Fb :1:"# .( 5 RF! % " # O ºe (? ~Z6 E (' b K ! , q"& KG b GK>Fb .(> ( E (>e O . p ºe PF & , E:" # ºe Æ K% F b%
³ a 9 ºe 9RF K F b Q
Here it means that he intervened.
He demanded cooperation in that manner. He is intervener. He is given this name because demands for the person for whom he intervenes. Its 1: is / Fb. For example, you say: Intervene for me to the manager during my travel to Makkah.
G ¶:[ V ., 3# / % ?I J 1 : J <R / :5 % ! C94A ³ .(R :$ ,! ~:[
~:d #
Limit of something i.e. its edge. In the terminology of Shariah, it is the determined punishment which is essential to be given to the criminals. Plural: G ¶:[
O 4 c
He delivered the sermon.
Explanation Manager
Word
E:" #
Edge, border
B
Terminology
C94A
Explanation Plural, abbreviation of K¼ He intervened To cooperate
Word
Explanation
O 4 c%
Word
V
Taking courage
I
K F b
He got courage
K3! H
E
Here it is meant
.N "#
Punishment
J <R /
Intervener
KG >Fb
Solemnity
<
Determined
J 1 :
Intervener
KG b
Putting arguments
2i%e
Criminal
, 3#
The person for whom someone is intervening
Rank, position
J h .%
Intervention Intervene!
Quranic Arabic Program
117
5 RF! % £ J / Fb
He dares
) 3 % E
K% F b%
Beloved
?%d" # Level 03
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary
N .
"p
.B G b% $= b V .B! O [ A :E! . h .% £ ~R/ O ) ¹ : 3 % £ Honor, noble descent and high rank. Eb is the person having honor. Plural: B b
B !
$ b
.E! ~: N K>- .N >6 < £
>6
Here >- (weak) means the people considered inferior [in the society]. It is opposite to Eb.
Q F
:d# + *
.l % E ( I :( p N% . J p R % H ª WG 9N :1:£ .;
l N
He implemented.
He died. Its 1: is pÚ
W9N (death, ruin). (pN means he made him died [i.e. he killed him]. . Q \ # ' ª( Z E% :2R E .a A R h "N Hh "N .Za ) * R "
( Z E%
It is words for swearing. Its hamza is that of joining. It is said: By God, I’ll definitely do that.
J E d ; G [ 6Ee Ö
B – Grammatical Explanations
"e” :d ªX : / "/ ( >F# ª1 R Q" Z p d # ; ?8e N ª\ >% >% " e” : >F H . " \ / %Fp “R p ” > / % c “e” ,N "e :l N% "e (1) $ >?' ) “.: G [ (G e ZpR e " Æe ,[E "e # *R” : H (* , " ªM E: d # , " 6 ¶ E > F "3 # / "e R c :H (9:62 < ) “.$ FR ; * :
(21:108
(1) Surely it killed: Ùe is the word e entered on the refraining which make it refraining from an action. The Ùe gives the meaning of specification. It affirms the described rule and negates whatever else [i.e. it gives meaning of ‘only for’]. For example: “Surely the charity is only for poor.” (Al Tauba 9:62) Ùe is entered on a Verb-Sentence as mentioned in the Hadith and as mentioned in Allah’s words: “Say! It is only revealed to me that your God is a Single God.” (Anbiya 21:108)
Explanation
Word
Z p d #
Rule Written
1 RQ"# , F#
Negation
X :/
Except Verb Sentence: The sentence starting from a verb instead of noun. It is opposite to >"%&i "» .
"3# > F
It is revealed
,[E
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation Ruin, destruction
Word
J p R % H Za ) *
Swearing The silent “hamzah” at start of a word
a A R h "N
R p
Refraining
% F
It refrains
Explanation Honor Noble descent High Mean, inferior
Word
: 3 % " # O ) d # ~R / K>-
Opposite
:-
Specification, determination
\ >% >%
He implemented
Q F
Confirmation
; ?8e
Ruin, destruction
WG 9N
118
Level 03
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary / :d # "> E E! R E Z ZRp ?* \ \EQ l N :X E H ªR2g " # 1 : "# ª“l N% ” R / : Z Zp?* \ \EQ lN "e (2) . >6 % 4 % * & ... " (3) l “. d %3 . ; :% I ” : .* ." . % ! 5 .i 3 # 5 .% P” 5 a .i 5 a . B [ “” ") H : N: E J "I e "" ,H .O ?) 5 . (ÖI) .,- "# \ h < R >! : >># H ( ) .R > ! () :1a 898 : >FH “” :# L e .D %3 .% H Z l Q ª;:I , " w + 9 < ( #* ?w# " # "" I “. N: E % 4 % * & :"d .< " ” :d ª % A "" e “.l>% H' ,.>% H ” :d ªJ>
* + : ~,F .% " # < I “... > 8 (>e O[ O a N L \ ¶E , 4 /% R + n \ < ” : E! M E:d# QN , " B Q dH :* . < ) w' $ .8# , k % % Z ( ) .l ?3 /% ' | .% " # W L E1 () ."" 2
cR R w l>e (137 :+ ' ) “.XR ( $U b % ” :º H (* :d ªw + 9 < .; % & +G * l # / (ÖI) .a "% a E: < d %3 . 1 ?c% i (2) Surely those who were before you were killed only because they were: The doer of
lN is a hidden 1:. Its
explanation is: Those who were before you, their practice that they used to leave honorable people and punishing the weak killed them. (3) If Fatima …. Has stole something I’ll definitely cut her hand: The word ﻝis named as “the word of forbidding” because it forbids the effect if the condition is not real. “If you had worked, you would have been successful.” In our words, the meaning is that since you have not worked, so you did not become successful. Then the word ﻝgives three type of meaning: (A) Condition (B) Specifying the condition in the past tense. (C) Forbidding the reason. A Verb Sentence follows . For example: “If you have given me, I would give you.” can also join it. For example: “If Fatima Bint Muhammad had stolen, I would have cut here hand.” The result of ﻝis a positive sentence with a لas mentioned in previous examples. It can also be omitted as mentioned in this venerable Hadith, “If Ibn Adam is given a valley full of gold, he will desire for another…” If the result of ﻝis a negative sentence, a لis not mentioned with it mostly. For example, in Allah’s words, “If Allah had willed, they would not have done that.” (Anaam 6:137) Other examples for you are: (A) If you had seen that view, you would have been amazed. (B) If I had not been sick during exams, I would have been succeeded with a distinctive marks. (C) If I had known that you are traveling, I would not have traveled.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
It is given
, 4 /% R
Then
# L e
Interpreted, hidden
Two full of
It gives benefit, it can be derived from it
: >FH
Explanation
E: H
Gold
O a N L
Period
\ h
Be, being
R
~,F .% " #
Reason
O ?)
Forbidding, restricting
Negative
2R g " #
5 a .
Examination
1 ?c% i
Part of a conditional sentence: if …, then ….
I
Condition
I traveled
; % &
Positive, affirmative
?w# " #
You exert effort
; :% I
R #*
You became successful
d %3 .
B Q dH
You become successful
D %3 .% H
Estimation, marks Arriving
a E: H +G *
Quranic Arabic Program
Joining, meeting It is deleted, it is omitted
119
% !
Level 03
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary > 9? O 3 # \ Ö ÖI
C – Rhetorical Sides
Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 P ª2 ? + : / 1 p.% &% i X . P1 pe +G F& “¬0 :[ \ q:[ , K F !H ” :Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. 2 * , .0 :[ \ Ä:[ , K F !H # R & E l ~D E i P ª/ F! X Q N & / p .% E .(> K F !> (>/ s3E R & ie : [ i P , F# . ."< P1 p%e +G F& ” ¬ &R ie (>/ s 3E \” :Z* , l Q In the words of the Prophet, “Are you intervening in a limit from Allah’s limits?” This is a negative interrogation which means condemnation and disapproval. It means that Allah’s Apostle condemned Usama for this intervention i.e. It is not right for you, O Usama, that you intervene in a punishment from Allah’s limits. Similarly, their words, ““Who can be courageous enough for that except Usama?” This is also a negative interrogation which negates that nobody except Usama has courage to intervene in it.
qÈ. \ F)E Ö
D – What can be derived from the Statement?
. . \ >% < )" # 2 :% : ?% : >H / Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 ¤ [ (1) . )%[' )%' e | . ª Ób ¶>% c ª( " / $U hI 2R .E a )e z R (2) .
¶ F H i ªa< R R) % H 9 ªK>"3 # / + H 0 :[ (3) (1) Allah’s Prophet’s desire for emphasizing the principle of justice and equality among the people. (2) Every person should get the reward for his action, whether good or bad, without looking at his family and descent. (3) Allah’s punishments will be implemented on all. They cannot be eliminated due to relationship, and they cannot be reduced due to personal desire.
Do you know?
Face the Challenge!
In Arabic, rhetoric is used to beautify the language. Metaphors and figurative meanings are widely used. We shall discuss its concepts is more detail at Level 5.
Identify three words / phrases in this lesson that are used in figurative meanings instead of their literal meanings.
Explanation
Word
R R) % H
It is dropped, it is eliminated
Explanation
Word
¤ [
Desire, wish
Relationship
a < *
Emphasis
: >H
It is reduced
F H
Principle
: ?%
¶
Equality
)" #
For personal desire
Quranic Arabic Program
120
Explanation Asking questions in a negative way to motivate e.g. “Will you not do this?” Condemnation He condemns
Word
+G F& P1 pe 1 p.% &% i
p .% E Level 03
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary
> + % E ( j ³= 0 Z z| E %\
Whom Allah will provide a Shelter on the Day of Judgment
0 ?/ ³ ! b (2) .2J / +G e (1) :( z ie i + E ( j ³ 0 Z z| E J %?& ” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. \/ (./ 0 ,-1 EN ¦ \/ .0 B c °e 2 2a "I O a .% ; L J # (%/ J I1 (5) .(>/ *F H (>/ " I% Ö 0 ³ < dH 9I1 (4) ª:I )" # < mG (?# * J I 1 (3) .º H ((>/ mF) .X .>% / % F ª > c 0 L J I1 (7) ª(.>"E m F .% H (R "b Z % H i q[ N Fc% ª a * : < Y:H J I1 (6) Narrated by Abu Hurairah that the Prophet said: “Allah will provide His shelter to seven [type of] people. On that Day, there will not be any shelter except His one: (1) A just ruler. (2) A young man who is grown up in Allah’s worship. (3) The man whose heart is hanging in the Mosques. (4) Two men who love with each other for the sake of God – they gather for it and separate for it. (5) A man whom a beautiful and high-ranked woman called [to commit adultery] but he said, “I fear God”. (6) A man who give charity and keeps it secret. His left hand does not know what his right hand has spend. (7) A man who remember Allah in loneliness and his eyes overflow [with tears]. (Agreed upon)
; F"# = Cb Ö
A – Explanation of Individual Words
N .
"p
. j , c :3! < | & .(j ³ (I : 9 J 9 Ö . 2J 9 V
z Ö|
Plural 29. 9 9 X gave shelter to Y i.e. He put him under shelter. He seek the shelter of a tree i.e. he entered into its shelter.
: I )"# K >"I K 0 >< : ?p >* " Xo / j| QN > d % > a E!H R -e 0 ºe j| R -e ." ( b % / j , ..." : "& R E 1 (>/ 2z : H ª(b % / z "# :>* .(Rp#
(Öj ³
The objective of relating the shelter with Allah is giving honor to it so that this shelter becomes distinctive from others. As it is said about the Ka’aba: It is the House of Allah although all the mosques belong to Him. It is also said that here the shelter of His Throne is considered. The narration of Salman also indicates it, “….. In the shelter of His Throne.”
> +E (< "#
Here the Day of Resurrection is under discussion.
Explanation
Word
R -e
Attachment
Explanation
Word
% /
She called
A young man
Word
b
Honor
a E!H
He kept secret
To obtain
d % >
It flew over
%
Both of them love each other
< dH
He got shade of
| &
Both of them left each other
*F H
Distinction
Quranic Arabic Program
>
Fc%
Explanation
( ie i +E
121
He was grown up
!
Level 03
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary
N .
"p
J "} V .f")£ 1 \ , \ z (< m d # E ªRF >#
+ {
The Caliph, it includes everyone who became responsible for the collective matters of the Muslims. Plural "}
2 : < " # :2R .(>/ QR c% ( $ "# $= 4/e N ªB {
2%:
Justice. It means giving a man what is his right and taking from him what is his liability. 2 / is the person who has the attribute of justice. He grew up. 1: is ! $! (growing up)
J ! % $T ! :1:"# . " Ob
~,? Ö!
.( ?! 1 % W1 :P + 9@ Ob 1: ¶6E ?! ) G ?b ª J ?b V .: < I q\& ºe R E " Ì ? \& ´ < \
Öb
The person who reached at the adulthood age but not yet reached at the age of manhood. Plural ?b ?b. Its 1:
is also ?b. +9@ Ob means that he has reached to the manners of adulthood.
.O 3 ! % " # < w # / :2R R H .mG $= ,! .(
$,! < $,! m/
He hanged it. A thing can be hanged. You can say, “I hanged the cloth on the hook.”
O < dH dH R A ª/ FH < \ N .~ dE :51 6£ .c Ü:[ O[
9I dH
Each one of them loved the other. Its 51 6 is dE. It is from the Chapter of / FH. Originally Û is O< Û.
.K " I% ~: N .ma E , " . z R O N L
9I YFH
.![ F ºe (/ P
(%/
9 H :2 E .a " / \ $= % " # XiE N . J # 1 R / P :O.% 9RF :2 E .Za E% O.% RL J 9 :2 E .O ) d # R A % '
"N Ê $ 6 1 O.%
O.% £
Each one of them went on his way. It is opposite to ا. It means that she called him for a vulgar act.
Origin and a noble descent. It is said, “X is honorable and high-ranked.” It is also said, “For X, there is a rank.” It means his highness and loftiness [in the society]. When a person is given a rank, it is said: He is appointed on the rank of ministry or judiciary or like that.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
O 3 ! % " #
He grew up
Ob
Highness
R /
He grew up
"
Loftiness
J # 1
Age of adulthood
Hook
Ì ? \&
Rank
O.%
Manhood
Ministry
1
Phase, stage
1 %
Judiciary
$ 6
It hanged
Quranic Arabic Program
I
122
Explanation He is appointed
Word
,
Giving
$= 4/e
Man
$ "#
The person who has attributes of Child
" # ~,?
Level 03
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary
N .
"p .D%?R X ~: .\%)d #
2 "3 #
. * : X 4 /
a 9R / Y : H
$T Fc% e :1 :"# .(" X&
$U ,! Fc%
\% ZE:E% \ >% < \% Z.>H Z8R :y ><e ) / Z E%p n , J "E% \ >% "> K "I .R } "b V .\ >% " > R < (7:17 B /' ) Z % } "b \/ ªZ "%E \% / ªZF# c
2 "q!
Beauty, it is opposite to ugliness. He gave him as a charity. He hid and concealed it. Its 1: is $ Fce (hiding).
It is opposite to the ‘right’. Plural } Ý. While the plural of fÕ is Õ. In the Holy Quran, the words of Satan are: “Then I’ll definitely come front their front, their back, their right and their left.” (A’raaf 7:17) It increased so much that it flow. His eyes flow means that its tears came out.
% 2 & :( .>/ % .2 & [ wR
$= "# k
J E d ; G [ 6Ee Ö
B – Grammatical Explanations
M R ?% E + E ; "E + E : + E (>/ +G 9&” : c n i w l>e .“(z ie i” >" &% i "3 # ºe B G 6 + E .N :(z ie i + E (j , 0 = Zz| E .a > % a "I ºe +G E > .N (19:15 ) “. Ó>[ Allah will provide them in His Shelter when there will not be any shelter except His One: Here the word +E is B 6
to the Noun Sentence (z ie i. There is another example for you: “Peace on him on the Day when he born, and they day when he will die and the day when he will become alive again.” (Marry 19:15) There the word +E is brought as B 6 of a Verb Sentence.
Rule of the Day The word "e is used to limit something within the
Face the Challenge!
parameters defined after it. The word is used to describe a hypothetical condition.
Part of the sentence after it is called b (condition) while the other part is called b
Explanation The noun in ³ -e
O
which is attached to other It is attached
Name the two parts of a ³ -e and those of a ,F>AH
O.
O
I (reply of the condition).
Word
Explanation
B G 6
I will definitely come
>-
Tears, plural 5
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
\>H K %
123
Explanation
Word
He hided
&
He kept secret
Z Level 03
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary > 9? O 3 # \ Ö ÖI
C – Rhetorical Sides
."< ª\>% * qF " # 4z / 3# R h } 3# ; * :9w 2 H y ?% d # @ z , . G % * (> " ( ie i +E” : Z& (>/ 0 A (R* (1) .BA / a FA % * ( ) . a FA / B a A % * () : / 9? , .ZNo < Zc :G [ y> P ª :G "d ie F QN ³ Y qF i” : l R* , w 2R w .y E1: >%
cR J F A ( )> P . G q1: ie :G >& : l* 2' 2 w .:"Ç / 1 Y ~F D?A . :G "d ie *F z j| ª0 ie J > + E W .N y> P ªBA"# / F q * \ ( x R [ 9 “.( ie i” Z& (>/ 0 A 2& 2 * , .º H ( d?& 0 / > + E , I"# . ( 9 : I )" I QN qO[ \/ J E . (> “: I )" # < (?# * J I 1 ” :Z& (>/ 0 A (R* (2) . N % & * : $ Fce , J @ ? (>F “(.>Õ m F .% H (R "b Z H i [” : Z& (>/ 0 A (R* (3) (1) There is a limitation in his saying, “The Day when there will not be any shelter except His shelter”. In the language, limitation means, for example, “The prize of university is only limited to the high-performer students.” It means that [the prize] is specifically for them, not others. Limitation in the rhetoric has two types. (A) Limiting the attribute for a specific person. (B) Limiting the person for a specific attribute. The example of first is as you say, “Saeed is nothing except a teacher.” It means that he has no other attribute except teaching. Example of other is as you say, “There is no high-performer in this semester except Muhammad.” It means that there is no high-performer except Muhammad. So the “High performance” is limited to Muhammad only. In the Prophet’s saying, “There is no shelter except His shelter.” We see that it is limiting the attribute to the person. It means that on the Day of Judgment, there will not be any shelter except that of Allah. So the shelter will only available with Allah, the High the Exalted. (2) His saying, “the man whose heart is hanging to the mosques.” There is a metonymy about the love of that man for the mosques and his attendance there. (3) His saying, “Until his left hand does not know what his right hand has spent”. There is an exaggeration in hiding the charity. Insha Allah, you’ll study the “Art of Eloquence” at Level 5. At that time, we’ll discuss in detail the concepts of ª > [ @ ? ªE . ªP1 pe + F&e ª 7 etc.
Explanation We note Metonymy, metaphorical meaning Attendance Exaggeration
Word
x R [ 9 J E .
Explanation Teaching, education
Word
y E1:
Explanation Limiting something, a palace
Word
G % *
Class, semester
F
Limiting something, Imprisonment
y ?% d #
9
Superiority, high performance
Y ~F
It became specific to
c
J @ ?
Being limited to
1
Superior, intelligent, high-performer
\ >% * qF " #
Quranic Arabic Program
124
Level 03
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary ºe F .&e \ lL >FH , ,N 5 ~: K ª\>% ºe >F : .&% R L# e , # / G 3 ( >F “X .>/ % F ” : Z& (>/ 0 A (* (4) . % , ,N J @ ? \ >% ºe >F .&e ª5~: R p f ' ( p (4) In his saying, “So his both eyes overflow.” There is a logical metaphor in it. When flow is linked to the eyes, while tears flow, so it is linking the action to the place because eye is the place of tears. Linking flow with the eyes indicates an exaggeration that it flew.
qÈ. \ F)E Ö
D – What can be derived from the Statement?
. > + E ( 0 " [% < |dE [ i / pE # \ >% " )"# 1 R \ ,E \ p M [ ME:d# QN ³ (1) . ? " / R ){
# E ?! ,F ª?p #* ( / \ 0 :./ R 6 ?! *# º H 0 ){ R / (2) . >/ ~ 9 \ \ Ejwp " # ª \ >% q?d " # R 6 lQ ªk1' , ( H>< ' ZG >|/ 0 : ./ : I )"# R 6 (3) . >~: k \ k @ y > 0 , ~Od # P \ Eq: & / ¶"} * ){ (>c' ){ ~O[ pE ,@?.E (4) . 4>! y I N y F. ; /h \ \ g"# (< \ d E 6 \ ( >! % c (
# H (5) (1) In this Hadith, the person who is appointed on the collective matters of Muslims, is motivated to be just in order to achieve Allah’s mercy and His grace on the Day of Judgment. (2) For a person, being obedient to Allah at the time of young age is superior to Allah than the old age. In young age, a person is more able to do good deeds and perform worship. (3) Mosques have a great place in Allah’s view because they are His houses on the earth. Similar is the rank of those who love them, attend them frequently and stay there more. (4) Love of a person for another person should be established on the religion i.e. love for Allah’s sake and not for any worldly objective. (5) Fear of Allah and His apprehension is the best way for a believer to fortify himself against the temptations of mind and the obsessions of the Satan.
Explanation Those who do a lot Hesitation, staying long
Word
\ Ejwp " # ~
Explanation
5 ~:
Tears
M [
Urging
He becomes fortified
\ d E
He is appointed as ruler
Tendencies, appetites, plural of 5h
; /h
He is privileged
Obsessions, plural of yI N
y I N
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
,E |dE
Explanation
Word
Figurative meaning, metaphor
G 3
Logical
, # /
It is linked
: .&% R
Overflowing
>F
?p
Old age
125
Level 03
Lesson 7B: Hadith Commentary .º H ( ºe < q " # Y :A / 9 > ªY Fq. $ Eq \ / : < R RpH Qa .>[ ' ªa5~4 H R * :A % Le A c * : $ Fce R 6 (6) º H (* “.Z<* % I ( LR Le \EQ .g"# "e” º H ( * : 0 L : ./ ( / >FH ( ?* K ! E Y \ g"# ; FA \ (7) . Ó>p < :3& ~c \ " [% ; En Z>/ %H Le : (6) Charity should be kept secret especially if it is from personal inspiration because it is away from ostentation and hypocrisy. And it is the evidence for the true spirit of the person who is seeking Allah’s pleasure by it. (7) From the attributes of a true believer is that at the time of remembering Allah, his heart apprehends and his tears flow, as mentioned in His words, “Surely the believers are those when Allah is mentioned, their hearts become scared.” And in His words, “When the verses of Rahman are read in front of them, they fall prostrating and weap.”
Worth Reading Do you know? In ³ -e O, either the
B 6 or the (>e B 6 can be a sentence instead of a word.
Islamic Threat – Myth or Reality. An introduction to the book of John L. Esposito. A detailed analysis about the world Islamic movements by an American professor who studies Islam and Muslim Movements in an unbiased manner. The writing is in Urdu. http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/L0012-00-Islamic Threat.htm
Rule of the Day
Worth Reading
If the word
Wealth is a great blessing of God but it also creates some problems. Read more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/E nglish/PE02-0008-Wealth.htm
Explanation They fall down Prostration Weeping
Word
makes its meaning negative with emphasis. For example Z FE means “he understands / will understand” while Z % F# E
Explanation Reason, argument
:3&
One who is near to
Word
9 > q " # Y :
Confirmation
% I
He became scared
Quranic Arabic Program
\% means “He will
definitely not understand.”
~c
Ó>p <
\% is added before a 51 6 , it
126
Explanation Doing something from personal inspiration Far, away Ostentation Hypocrisy, double standards
Word
5 a ~4 H : < $ Eq Y Fq. Level 03
Lesson 8A: Special Forms of Past Tense The Result Compare the result. Each line carried four marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
,</
English
( ; E< FR p# E Z% < l L
That is because of they used to reject Allah’s verses. Whoever used to intend the reward for this world, so the reward of here and hereafter is with Allah.
8 ( : .% >%~: 8 : EE \% c >%~:
And he vowed for what our ancestors used to worship. We leveled to ground what Pharaoh and his nation used to construct and what they used to raise.
( % * R % / % K . % E % b % E 9 " / # " % ># ( q<1 $U I% E \% "
d A
So whoever is expecting meeting his Lord, he should perform good deeds.
h 9 < ( N% # E
He used to instruct his family about the prayer and the mandatory charity.
~\|R E \%
Whoever used to think.
4 9R# E
Both of them used to eat food.
q,?. ( < . g% E %
And if, they used to believe in Allah and His prophet.
R" % E R 4>% ! Z% \ E
Satan made attractive for them what they used to practice. The punishment will approach them because they used to be disobey.
R ) F# E "< Q # Z% ~)" E M } ? # R " % H % , E% # \% X .>% 3
We delivered him from the town whose (inhabitants) used to perform heinous acts.
( \% : ?% H % N:A
And he prevented her what she used to worship other than Allah.
Worth Reading! How to overcome obstacles on your way to success? Read more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0010-Block.htm
Quranic Arabic Program
127
Level 03
Lesson 8A: Special Forms of Past Tense
,</
English
c + % ># ( < \ g% E \R # e
If you are believing in Allah and the last day.
>% e >[ O >% @ # $ ?% \% l # H .R l
" % H
This is from the secret news We have revealed it to you that you did not use to know.
p # l >% e # E # I% H .R
You did not use to expect that the Book would be revealed to you.
a \% ( ?% * \% R% H .% R
You did not use to recite a book before.
R" % H Z% .% R "< : # # Q/ R*RL
So taste the eternal punishment for what you have practiced.
:/ H Z% .R , Z . I X Q N
This is the hell about that you used to be promised.
f " ># \% / .H# H Z% .R
You used to come to us from the right hand. We did not used to practice evil.
$a & \% R " % .R
Surely we used to joke and play.
O # k .R "e
They said, “O our Lord! These are our partners whom we used to call instead of You.”
\% /:% .R \ EQ b $igN .<1 R * l 9
Both of them used to eat.
R*
They used to kill.
; % : b
She used to observe. You used to beat / describe.
<- .R
Both of you used to drink.
"<b ".R
Face the Challenge! If you want to mention that something happened in near past, how will you express. What will you do to express something happened in distant past?
Quranic Arabic Program
128
Level 03
Lesson 8A: Special Forms of Past Tense
,</
English
. .R
We ate a long time ago.
9 RpE
Both of them may have eaten. They may have killed.
R* RpE
She may have observed.
; % : b R RpH
You may have beaten / described.
<- R RpH
"<b RpH
Both of you may have drunk.
. R p
We may have eaten.
.# b% ( $U b %
If Allah wished, we had not adopted the polytheism. Both of them did not eat.
9
They did not kill.
R*
She did not observe.
; % : b
You did not describe / beat.
<-
Both of you did not drink.
"<b
.
We did not eat.
Worth Reading Face the Challenge! Take any five verbs of past tense. Apply the rules mentioned in this lesson for eight changes to their meaning.
Quranic Arabic Program
How creativity can be improved? Think outside the box. Read more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE0 3-0013-Pineye.htm
129
Level 03
Lesson 8A: Special Forms of Past Tense
,</
English
Z% >% / R c Eq1LR Z% F # c \% R H %
If they had left at their back weak children, they will be fearful about them.
Z% <QR < Z% N .?% A $= ! %
If We wished, We would punish them for their sins.
R ?% * \% Z% p# N% # b % q 1
O Lord! If You wished, You had killed them before.
i ?c ie Z% R Z% pR > I c %
If they had come out with you, they had not added except madness (discouragement).
Z% R .E%: ( :N % R *
They said, “If Allah had guided us, we would have guided you.
$U : b <1% < ( >% / =$ I i%
Why not four witnesses on it came.
( H9A Z / :% *
He has recognized his prayer. So they have come with unjust and false attitude.
1 "#R =$ I :%
So whoever disobey Allah and His prophet, so he has deviated on a clearly deviated path.
.>? i 9- :% ( &1 ( È % E \% Z% I % , Z% >% / .% ."% / :% *
We have known what was made obligatory on them about their spouses.
">|/ % :% *
He has achieved a great success.
¶< H .R ,.>% E p# 2R R E
The disbeliever will say, “Ah! I wish to be dust.”
\% Rp .q<1 ; E< jQp i ~ .>% E f . g% " #
Ah! We wish that we would be returned and then we will not deny the signs of our Lord and we will be among the believers. She said, “Ah! I wish I would had died before it and I was totally forgotten.
>) .% >%) .R QN ?% * ~ ,.>% E % *
" is added before a 51 6 , it makes its converts it into ,- with negative meaning and adds the sense of ‘not yet’. For example Z FE means “he understands / will understand” while Z % F# E " means “He has not yet understood.”
Rule of the Day! If the word
Quranic Arabic Program
130
Level 03
Lesson 8B: Two Mothers of Believers The Result: Calculate your score. Each paragraph carries 10 mark. If your score is less than 80%, repeat the exercise. The translation is provided for each paragraph. Text in parenthesis [ ] is the information not describe in the original Arabic text but its sense is understood.
./ 0 ,-1 " & ~+ Ö Z E
The Widow of Arabia – Umm Salmah
' Ï“O ” ( 2 E (e [ Ï\E:%" # I% \ G I ª\>% * % " # + h% ; & \ :G q>) N< ¬" & ~+ W 1% ª" & ~+ < ie (?% * Z% )E Þ L# e ª+9&{ ºe \ >% < ) ! : [ : & ' : ?/ \ < 0 : ? I .( ?d %A , ; % 1 & ( . ; % : * Le h H i % ?#~ . :/ \E:> K < A ´R R ?% E i >* G F m E: a p< 5 b # e . 6E + 9&{ ºe ; < ) \
c% ' ,N % p I% K " & ~+ % " & .R >.% pR >/ % ? ZR8 ª" & q+< % >q.R .p Ï:.% "&% :b " . E Þ .E Þ F6E Z ª 9q Z~ 2R h #h E p \ ">/ ~OH % I ª%I r E* % I N [ I "& q+ +9&e ? .\ EI "# > , !?d# ºe 3# < (< dA' (>/ 0 ; A 2R & L
L' ">/ Umm Salamah! What do you know about Umm Salamah? Her father was a chief from the distinguished chiefs of Makzum family. He was one of the few most generous people of Arabia. He was called “The Provider of Travelers” because whenever the travelers used to come to his home and enjoy his company, there used to find provisions for traveling. Her husband was A’bdullah Ibn A’bd Al-Asad, one of the first ten persons who converted to Islam at early stage, at the time when only Abu Bakr Al-Siddique and a small group had accepted Islam and the number of believers was not more than count of fingers of both hands. Her name was Hind but her Kunniyyah was Umm Salamah, then her Kunniyyah dominated [over her name and she became famous with her Kunniyyah]. Umm Salamah converted to Islam with her husband and was also one of the early converts to Islam. When the news of conversion of Umm Salamah and her husband spread, Quraish ran a campaign [against both of them] and agitated. They poured down hard punishment to them to give a lesson to others. [The punishment was so hard that it was able to shake hard rocks. Both of them did not show weakness, they did not fear and did not hesitate [about Islam]. When the troubles were made intensified for both of them and the Prophet allowed his companions to migrate towards Abyssinia, these two were in the first group of the Migrators.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
They agitated
% I
They moved to
; % 1 &
Widow
They poured
~O H
Company
?d %A
You know
Hard punishment to give lesson to others
2 p
Those who led in converting to Islam
2R h #h E
It was shaken Hard rock They did not fear
9q Z~
.E Z
They did not hesitate
E Z
The front of an army or caravan
>
Quranic Arabic Program
\ >% < ) G F
Group
Chiefs, plural of :>& Distinguished
She was given the >.. Name wrt father or son
Generous, plural of % >q.R I
It dominated
% ? 5 b
It spread They ran a campaign
131
% I N
Counted, numbered, a few Provisions He provided
Word
Z E W 1% ; & \ >% * % " #
I% \E:%" #
h H Level 03
Lesson 8B: Two Mothers of Believers O .% I , ( ) % ª0 : ./ ( lL ?) d % ªmE ?) ªÉ ! Nh/ ªßL ? >< p ³ N $1 % F c <% @ 1 E ºe I "& ~+ % 6 0 2 &1 ºe \ >% .d # ª,%[ ? p ºe Y % ! : ª(I% .» ³ 0 = 6 q,b 3. E "[ \% ?dA " & ~+ (%> " Z # / .(H -% : ?/ \ < h"% [ + 9&e ªZN: / wR :* p ³ f")£ < ! ?¹ k 1 ºe \EI £ / 1 ?c' < H Ð . E% I : ? N:? P#FE
:R 1:% ..f .¹ ZN/:E ªY! ZN:%dE ª p ºe / Z. mE + h ªZ./ rE*
L \ %>b ªZN1% \ :b :* 4Á \ < "/ ªO4£ : % < ")£ ?8 × ?8# ª(> @ ? 1a ?c \ Z>e , " :} ! # /%& \% p .\E:} > ³ I "& ~+ p .R ?* \% ( < Z : % / i Z&< \% ZN * L ªZE%H f")£ O EQ%H ³ ! % £R \# . ? a " 3 % < rE* \% % <* :* ª"/ hµ + 9&e Umm Salamah remained with her husband in an alien country and left her elegant home, high respect and firmlyestablished family at Makkah behind her. She did so only for the sake of Allah. She was permanently seeking His pleasure. Despite of the fact that Umm Salamah and her companions were living in the protection of Najashi, may Allah flourish his face at the Paradise, but her inclination was to towards Makkah – the place of coming down of revelation. She had a desire to live with Allah’s Apostle, the source of guidance, towards whom the heart of her and her husband inclined. Then news reach to the Migrators at the land of Abyssinia that the number of Muslims at Makkah increased. Conversion of Hamzah Ibn A’bdul Muttallib and U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab [the two powerful person of Makkah] increased their power and now they are protected from the torture of Quraish. A group of them decided to return to Makkah. Their wish [to live with the Prophet] was inciting them and [the pleasure to live with him] was calling them. Umm Salamah and her husband were in the first group of those returning [to Makkah]. But soon the Returning People realized that the news reported to them were exaggerated. The jump of Muslims after the conversion of Hamzah and U’mar was followed by a great attack from Quraish. The pagans are persecuting the Muslims and terrorizing them. They are tasting the hardship that they have never faced before.
Explanation People returning to their home Soon
Word
Explanation
Word
\E:}
Support, protection
E "[
/%&
Najashi, the king of Abyssinia
q,b 3.
, "
It was reported
He made it shine
Exaggeration
@ ?
Desire
Jump
?8#
He inclined
6 \ >% .d # P#FE
Explanation Alien
% F c
Luxurious, elegant
ß L ?
High Firmly established
% <*
Heart
: ?
Only for sake of Allah
Attack
a " 3 % N
Wonderful
E%
Permanent
It followed
< H
\# U
Torture
O EQ%H
Terrorizing
KE%H
They tasted
ZN* L
Quranic Arabic Program
It became strong
:b
<% @
She left
They faced
They persecuted
Word
Side Pleasure
É ! m E ?) d % ) % O .% I -%
Their strength
ZN1%
Despite the fact that
Z #
It incites
:%dE
She met
% >
132
Level 03
Lesson 8B: Two Mothers of Believers
L \ z H ".E:< 1 \EI £ 2 pE / I "& ~+ % h ª.E:£ ºe 3 % < ( < dA' (>/ 0 ; A 2R & L lL :./ + 9p W %.# .a & z R H & NU$ 1 % F c * b "e ª " q>c " )> % & \pH Z I " & q+ 3 % N \p .rE* : "& ~+ * .´R < ~Y NE%H ªm" /% ~:b < N1! .... H & * . P % "& q+' ?* .$,b / P#E i N o ? .< E 6 ªP%3[ , " & .F# I ª(>/ ,. " [ Z8R ª >% < Æ :/ .E:£ ºe V # / " & < + h / " + 9 ª ..% < ,N ¬XQN l H% 2R < " ªl)F / .?% :* . e” : " & à' * ª . %: +a h ,.< ,%* \% 2J I1 n1 p \% / F# “¬9? ³ < o )H . NRQc H l R % : W % H i 0 i” : * ªO6 @ :b ?6 [ ª,#F ,.QcE : & ' : ?% / .< ,I + * ZNn1 e . / h% (. ,/ h % ª(>/ ?8 Z8R .XQc X : E c [ q. :a ! % / Z.>% < "& ,#F <L 3E R F ZR8“.(< º \d ..<% . / h% .?[ A \ N"/h% :< Zp?[ A : .% / At that time, the Prophet allowed his companions to migrate towards Madina. Umm Salamah and her husband were the initial Migrators escaping due to their religion and getting rid of Quraish’s torture. But the migration of Umm Salamah and her husband was not so easy as they thought. It was hard, bitter and followed by a tragedy that was horrible than all tragedies. We leave it to Umm Salamah to describe the story of her tragedy… Her feelings are hard and deep and the picture drawn by her is deep and well-described. Umm Salamah said: When Abu Salamah decided to travel to Madina, he prepared a camel for me and mounted me on it. He placed our child Salamah was in my lap. He started leading the camel and was not waiting for anything. Before we depart from Makkah, we saw men from my family Banu Makhzum who stopped us. They said to Abu Salamah: “You have dominated us about yourself, but what is the matter for this woman? She is our daughter. Why should we leave you that you take her from us and travel with her to other cities. Then they jumped on him and pulled me out harshly. Then they saw the family of my husband – Banu A’bdul Asad – to take my baby from me. They became too much angry and said [to my family]: “No, by God! We will not leave the baby with your daughter after you are snatching her from our fellow. He is our son and we deserve him more.” Then they pulled my child Salamah between them in front of me, they caught his hand and took him.
Explanation What is the matter of
Word
2R <
Explanation Reported in a better way
Word
´R <
Explanation Escape
Word
1
Why
+ 9/
Camel
%> <
Both of them got rid of
z H
They jumped
?8
My lap
P%3[
Easy and achievable
)> % &
,/h %
He led
E
They had impression
q>c
They pulled out me They started
R F
They pulled
<L 3E
P#E i
He does not wait
F#
We depart
In front of
:a ! %
They stopped
The took of
c
You dominated us
Quranic Arabic Program
133
Hard and bitter
* b
Tragedy
&
%: H
It was horrible
R H
.?%
More fine, deep
~Y Level 03
Lesson 8B: Two Mothers of Believers
"4d P: E f < \ : & ' : ?/ .< (F4 c% P: ...()F# (.E:< 1 .E:£ ºe (3H ,Ih : :E :>[ %"! * h" ,)F# ; :% I ; a |d , ºe a : R V c # I + > lL Q. .a / & ³ ,.< \ >% < ,I% f < á%>< Y qFR ...ZN:.% / °I ª+h .< ,%* ,/ % &% : ... 6> . > ,/ Z >E [ ,p< z ª,I% P: f < ,.>< > >[ × ; |d 1A : >& ªÃ & : b PQ p"# , y I% ªD4 <' f < .>< Z*# “!! .>p)"# XQN 4# H i” :,* ,.? 2 * ,." [ 1 Æ d Y ª,q"/ á< \ I1 ¦ # ºe a .& \% ?E* .& lL / > < . # b e lIh< , d # :Æ * [ ZF4# / ~1: ) % E Z<* f ) % E Z< 2 . N: f < I% 1 , ªJ ?% / á> *%H / Æ :% H \ pÕ > !¬:&' : ?/ ,.< : .% / p ³ P:? Q # P: W H .E:£ ³ ,Ih< m d # Æ > \% p °b ³ : & ' : ?/ ,.< " ªÆ d Z<* * ° 3%b ° h%[ \% ¸ / . <
1 !!!¬ >b (./ B/ i p ³ o @ P: 3 % . " & P: Æ ~ / ZNF4%&% In a few moments, my personality was torn which was united and unique. My husband moved towards Madina escaping [to protect] himself and his religion. Banu A’bdul Asad snatched my child from my hands [leaving me] broken and scattered. My family, Banu Makhzum seized me and I was kept with them. In an hour, they separated me from my husband and son. From that day, I used to come out every morning to the valley and sit and the place where the tragedy occurred. I used to recall the picture of those moments which hindered between me, my child and my husband. I used to weep until the night used to encamp on me. I remaining in that state for a year or about a year. One day, a man from the family of my uncle passed. He became disturbed due to my condition and became merciful to me and said to the people of my family: “Would you not release this poor lady? You have separated her from her husband and child. He tried to soften their hearts and invoke their sympathies. They said to me: “Join you husband if you want.” But How could I join my husband and Madina and leave my child – the part of my heart – at Makkah with Banu A’bdul Asad? How was it possible to calm down the pain and stop tears from my eyes while I am at the place of Migration and my little child is at Makkah and I don’t know anything about him!!! Some people wanted to treat my grieves and anxieties that disturbed their hearts. They talk to Banu A’bdul Asad about my matter and invoked their sympathies so they returned my child Salamah.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Join!
, d#
Piece
Q #
That is hindered
>[
Ragged, torn
Pain
/
I weep
,p<
Unity
They calm down
:% H
It encamp
Z >E
Unique
They stop
*%H
It tore
Tears They treated / helped
My anxieties, plural of \ G3 b They became sympathetic
You release
4# H
¸ /
Poor woman
.>p)£
° 3%b F4%&%
Quranic Arabic Program
Y
J ?% / ° h%[
My grieves, plural of J h[
: >&
I recalled
Moments
; a |d * h" %"! :E
They snatched
4 c%
Broken
"4d
Shattered
It becomes soft
f ) % E
They seized
It evokes
~1: ) % E
Early morning
Sympathy
4# /
Open valley
134
Word
6> % &% a : D 4 <' Level 03
Lesson 8B: Two Mothers of Believers :* “¬ :G [ l ” :2 * “. .E:£ , ,I% : E1” : R “¬O .% < E \E ºe” :2 2 d \ < "#w/ > [ 1“Z>. ” @% < e z * \ 9 I1 ?% d A 0 ...¦ P%E m 4 % P>% < + 4< Q c Ð “. .E:£ ,@R?% H [ :< l R H i 0 ” :2 * “. QN q,.< ZR8 0 U ie 0 i” ª([% 1 (%./ [ (>e k 1' / E% &% X% \/ #h Le [ ª,q./ c) % E ZR8 ªPo< É >.E 2 .£ \ i h .% ´< Le .B b% i (%. + # :2 E q./ c ) % E Ð ªÆe (:* ªX:/ Po< ºe + * C [ L . j , K 346 % >
c% a 3 b ºe q./ d.E Ð ... > X:>* a 3 b ºe X *# "/ ,.? $ ?R < a E* ºe | " ª.E:£ .%@ < [ +E lL w ¦ K . % E 2 .X * ( 4 < Q c H ªo? / E% &% ª?% 1 L ª,? 1 . p ºe I 1 B Ð ª0 < / >c% ªE XQN ³ lI :2 * B/ \< I have not yet reached at Tan’eem when I met U’thman Ibn Talhah. He said: “Where are you going, O daughter of the Provider of Travelers?” I said: “I intend to go to my husband at Madina.” He said: “Is there anyone with you?” I said: “No, by God! Nobody except Allah and then my this son.” He said: “By God! I will not leave you ever until you reach at Madina.” Then he took the reign of my camel and started running for travel with me…. By Allah! I have never been accompanied by an Arabian man more respected and more generous than him. When we used to reach at a resting place, he used to make my camel knee down. Then he used to go away from me. When I used to come down from its back and become stable on the land, he used to come to it [the camel], remove its saddle and take it to a tree and tied it with it. Then He used to withdraw from me and go to another tree to sleep under its shade. At the time of departure, he used to stand near my camel and prepare it. Then he used to advance to me [to inform] and then move away after saying: “Ride or it.” When I had ridden and become stable on the camel, he used to catch its reigns and drive it. He kept doing so every day until we rached at Madina. When he saw at the Quba town of Banu A’mr Ibn A’uf, he said: “Your husband is in this town. Enter it with Allah’s blessings.” Then he returned back to Makkah.
: b : > \ < : c K Z & ª>N 3# , 0 >< O I [ :d \< "w/ (2) .p \ 2a > 898 / J p :Z>. (1) . ! " & + m 1 + E ?p C F +9) (>/ 2R & (>e K : p D (1) Tan’eem: A place at distance of three miles from Makkah. (2) U’thman Ibn Talhah: He was the doorkeeper of Allah’s home during Pre-Islamic period. He converted to Islam with Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed and participated in the conquest of Makkah. The Prophet returned him the key of Ka’aba. The day he accompanied Umm Salamah, he was a polytheist. Explanation He tied
Word
: >*
He withdrew
d.E
He fall asleep
K 346 % E
It came Departure He led, he drove He returned
Explanation
Word
?% d A
I was not accompanied by
z *
Never He makes a camel knee down
É >.E
Explanation Miles, plural of J > Doorkeeper He accompanied
Word
2a > O I [ m 1
[
He moves away
c) % E
He returned
K
C
I became stable
E% &%
My son
q,.<
*
He approached
B
Quranic Arabic Program
[
He put down
You reach
,@R?% H
Reigns of a camel
+G 4c
Saddle on the back of a camel
[% 1
He ran
m 4 %
He pulled
*#
He traveled
P%E
135
Level 03
Lesson 8B: Two Mothers of Believers . ? D%" / & 6%"H S R :[' F Ð ...X: ( ?[ < "& < : & ª I% h < "& q+ \ >% / ; % * ªaY # 2 : < >! R "% ! K"I (.p ª( # $ 9? \ )[ > ,?E ªa1:% < : % < N1 " k % E ª:[R XQN . 1g % :* ªf")£ K . E "& < N: ! % E 1G :% < XQ
"> .t F " & < + h # p% M ? " a ) / +1 :* C 3# \p ª : % :* ( ( :< [ (3 E 2 " ª @>< [%I C I :* . V â :(Ih 2 * ([% I \ ¸ E "& < Z .XQN ,?> ?% ) [% W : ./ Z :2 E lL : .% / K I%) % > ª?> :[ O >E i :2 E Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 "& ª" & + E” :% p E Z ªX> Z& (>/ 0 A ( 2R &1 XU$ I C ?A ; L ³ . E ( t / "& < “.... I h/ 0 X 4/ ie . %>c ,.FRc% $ ") ºe (% K 1 .(?[ A ,.>% / \ >% F E! (E:>< + 9) R 9 (>/ ~,?. " # . >d# "& < Y 1 [ ªX1 < 3E (H1 E \ ,.E :2 * The scattered [family] met after a long separation and the eyes of Umm Salamah comforted by her husband. Abu Salamah became successful by his wife and child. Then the events started passing quickly like twinkling of eyes. This was Badr, Abu Salamah participated in it and returned with the Muslims who triumphed with a great victory. This was Ohad, he entered into its hardship after Badr. He proved himself brave and became honorable. But he was wounded with a deep wound. He kept treating it until it healed. But the wound was internally spoiled. It opened and Abu Salamah became bound to the bed. During the treatment of his wound, Abu Salamah said to his wife: “O Umm Salamah! I have heard Allah’s Apostle saying: When a trouble comes to anyone and he says: “We are for Allah and we have to return to Him and O Allah! I have put my this trouble in front of You. O Allah! Bring good after me.” Allah gives that to him. Abu Salamah remained on the bed for a few days during his sickness. On a morning, Allah’s Apostle came to him to see him. He did not used to prevent himself from visiting him. He crossed the door of his house. At that time, Abu Salamah left his life. The Prophet closed the eyes of his companion with his venerable hands, raised his hands towards the heaven and said:
Explanation
Word
Explanation
He says: “We are for Allah & we’ve to return to Him
K I%) % E
Powerful
I have counted
?% ) [%
He moved into
Word
Explanation
1g k % E
,.FRc%
Hardship, distress
1 "
Bed
t
He proved himself brave
$9? \)[ ,?E
So that he visit during illness
>
He became wounded
Bring after it to me
He did not remain
:% p E Þ
Hard
He passed
3E
It healed
Y 1
He left He closed
" #
C I
@><
Internally it was spoiled
Quranic Arabic Program
136
Y a #
It comforted
; % *
He became successful
: &
It started Events
F S R :['
It passes
6%"H
a ) / +1
Quickly
/ &
+ h #
He was bound
Separation
>!
: % p%
It opened
Scattered, separated
Word
Twinkling of eyes They obtained victory
? D%"
% Level 03
Lesson 8B: Two Mothers of Believers "& ~+ “.(> ( 1% q ªX?% * ³ ( D %) .f" 1 E ( . % F # .\E< @ , ( ? / , (#FRc .\%>< "# ³ (I 1 K% 1% ª" & ¦' % F # Z ” Z ” :2 H # )F O % 4 H Z .p “...XQN ,?> O ) [% W : .% / Z ” : Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 \% / " & < X 1 %; Q ¬"& q+ " ")"# h [ ....$U /: "H % w? .p !¬" & ¦ \ oc pE X )/ \ ªR2$U )H ' “¬ . oc > ,.FRc% . 4 O h 1a @A a >?A o EL \ :G [ .E:£ ³ \% RpE Þ L# e “ ZE” Z& >/ ªR?% * \ :a [ " h%dE Þ % < ( ) F# . ?4R E m E: p< < . +: H [ "& à / N :[ \ ,%.H ; % " ªZ>/ "& q+ qmd < 1 %' I £ b , e !0 2 &1 E” :( Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 . +: H Ð ...(?[ A ;1 " (H 4# \ < "/ . +: H Ð ..(? 4 O >3) % H 9 (>/ 2 “.2 >/ ; L .q\) ³ # c :* .(< 0 ,. l ?6 @% E >b q.
H B c >% @ R :E:b J : 898 i 9c \ ; % L .l< A PQ R w ,.< A : q\) \ ; % L .l./ ?N Q# E I h/ ( / ° l H>% \ ; % L ” :+9) “.Æ >/ l R >/ " ª2 > “O Allah! Forgive Abu Salamah and raise his rank in [Your] closed people. Make his back as good as those who passed away. Forgive us and him, O the Lord of all worlds, and widen his grave for him and enlighten it for him.” When the words of Allah’s Apostle were mentioned to Umm Salamah, she said: “O Allah, I put my this trouble in front of You.” She did not use to make herself pleasant and used to say: “O Allah! Will you give me better than him after him?” She used to ask that because who can be better than Abu Salamah. But she remained calling [Allah]. Muslims became so grieved due to the tragedies of Umm Salamah that they were never grieved by tragedies of anyone before. They gave her the name of “The Widow of Arabia” because they did not find in the people of Madina anyone [to marry her] except young boys even not having hair of beard. The Migrators and the Ansaar thought that Umm Salamah had a right on them. They wanted to finish the mourning of Abu Salamah. Abu Bakr Al-Siddique moved forward and proposed her for himself but she refused to accept his offer. Then U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab came forward but she refused him like she refused his companion. Then Allah’s Apostle came forward. She said: “O Allah’s Prophet! There are three problems with me: I am a woman having hard jealousy about my husband. I fear that you may see anything in me which makes you angry and Allah may punish me for that; I am woman of old-age; and I am a woman having kids.” He replied: “You have mentioned your jealousy, I pray Allah to remove it from you. You have mentioned the age, I have also reached at the similar age like you. You have mentioned your children, so your children are mine.”
Explanation She responds He moved forward In me Problems, plural J c
Word
O >3) % H +: H
Explanation
EL
His back
Young boys
a >?A
Passed, gone
Not having hair of beard
O
4
Solicitude, jealousy about the spouse
>% @
He becomes angry
O 6 @% E
Mourning
He punishes me
,.
He proposed
Family, children
2 >/
She refused
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Its inhabitants, plural of L
P , ª, i 9c
Word
b
Hair
:[ OR4E
Widen! Enlighten! She did not make herself pleasant
Word
( ? / \E< @ D %) 1% q O % 4 H Z
She ask
2$ )H
Troubles, plural of ?>
% < 137
Level 03
Lesson 8B: Two Mothers of Believers " ) R R >h % £ : .% N m ?% H Z% + > lL Q. . " & à \ oc F c% ª NU$ / 0 = 3& "& q+ \ Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 V hH ZR8 . N -1 ./ 1 .3# ³ "& + ( I% 0 6 .f.g"# K >"3 ; % : "e ¬X:[ Then Allah’s Apostle married Umm Salamah and Allah acknowledged her prayer and gave him [a husband] better than Abu Salamah. From that time, the Hind of Makhzum did not remain the mother Salamah only. She became the mother of all believers. May Allah flourish the face of Umm Salamah at the paradise. May Allah pleased with her and make her happy.
Ramalah Bint Abu Sufyan – Umm Habiba Umm Habiba preferred Allah & His Prophet over everyone else and disliked to return to disbelief like a man dislikes to be thrown into fire.
./ 0 ,-1 J ?>?[ ~+ Ö >F& ,< .< R %1 H % N ª "N & / ( &1 0 U ; % 8n ?>?[ + .1 . , B Q E $= "# X pE " FRp
PQ ">/ ª5 4"# p : q>& .2 < PL ³ (F E ª( 4#& / V E # r a E* \ :a [ K &% , a [ \ < >F# & ¦ 2 ?< R4 % E i X:[ 0 < rdI \ < 0 : >?/ I ,N % . n ª >< < ; % F f[ lL .Z /% h QN ; % : < :* ª?>?[ q+< .p"# % 1 (.< \p .$ i < ( \ E:H ª%D F# E Z ª(} F& < 2 [ :* .0 : ?/ \ < : "d (q>? &< % * :A ª( lEb
" ¬1 + 9&e O ?) < ~Z # >F& < O 1 .(?6 (/h /% h E # \ ?8# ª >F& à o A / ( # H # \ m "/ % 1 O * ³ É & 1 PQ "%E{ ' .:a "d 5 ?qH R>d# ª(>!" ( .< 5 6 c% e \/ h 3 / # :< ª !E* R < E (a I qP< B E Nobody used to take the risk in matter of Abu Sufyan Ibn Harab in Quraish to go out of his obedience or oppose him in any of his matter. He was the chief leader of Makkah. He was the leader that owned the government. But his daughter Ramalah, having kuniyyah of Umm Habiba, made this belief false. This happened when she disbelieved in the gods of her father and believed with her husband U’baidullah Ibn Jahash in Allah, the One God without any associate. She testified the prophethood of His prophet, Muhammad Ibn A’bdullah. Abu Sufyan tried hard with all of his power and harshness to return his daughter and her husband to the religion of himself and his forefathers but did not become successful. The reason was that the faith established firmly in the heart of Ramalah so deeply that it was not possible for the windstorms of Abu Sufyan to pluck it out. It shook his anger. Worries overwhelmed Abu Sufyan due to Islam of Ramalah. He used to know how could he face Quraish after his failure to subjugate his daughter against his will and to prevent her to follow Muhammad.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
It became deep-rooted
É & 1
Leader
Z >/
She did not remain
m ?% H Z%
It is plucked out
K# H
It is owned
\ E:H
She preferred
; % 8n
$ i
Windstorm, plural of 1 /e
o A /
Government
It shakes
5 h /% h E
A woman having >. of
~Z #
Worry, anxiety Subjugating
5 6c% e >!
Wish, will Hindering, prevention
R>d#
Quranic Arabic Program
.p"#
She disliked / hate He is thrown
B Q E 4R % E
She made it false
; % : <
It come to his mind
He tried
2 [
He opposes
Power, authority
a 4# &
Very important matter
Harshness, punishment
138
<
% N
Leader, one who is followed
E 2 < PL
5 4"# Level 03
Lesson 8B: Two Mothers of Believers >4E i H < [ ªY N%1{ :b "R N % H I ªY . # ">/ m q>6 H % F ª ">/ ; % I I % 1 / J c & >F& < !E* ;:I " : >?/ I ªR?>?[ R o@ F# >F& ¦ .< R % 1 ª!?d# ºe 3 % < f")" (>/ (9& 0 ; A 2R & L " . p ³ >d # .Z "E%< q,b 3. "% [ ºe \Eq1 F ªZ.E:< ( ºe \ EI " # > ³ ªrdI \ < 0 . ! ?d # 9< ³ [ Z % *QE ªf")"# \ F. l ZE:E \ F# E Z>/ h/ ªarER* $ "/ \ ( \ a [ \ < >F& < \p ~b 3. M ? .X )E i * Z E (q D >)" # , E Z% ( #QE ªZ>e Z" ) % E (. ?R 4E .Z>/ ( -qd E ,b 3. ºe Z & 1 &1 .Zq>? O * / 2R h .% E PQ \ >b X " ) % E # Z>e O ª(q \ < )>/ , ( E "/ Z.E > [ \/ Z& ª\EI "# $ "/ ºe (< $U I PQ ªa:"d Z% pR q>? / 2 h % PQ QN e” :Z 2 * (>d % % 6 c% [ p< ªn ; En \ 6< (>/ % H ª+9&{ > d < X ?c% " \" ( E "[ \/ "...(>/ (9& 0 ; A :a "d ?. ( E:H ª( l Eb i X : [% 0 < ( "%Ee \ / Г.a : [ p%! \ I E Z E \ < )>/ .Z> % / z ª ") % E # < (* 1 4< \ Z # / f")"# \ (-1 ºe I N When Quraish found that Abu Sufyan is angry with Ramalah and her husband, they dared about both of them. They started narrowing around their necks. They made both of them tired hardly. They became unable to live at Makkah. When the Prophet allowed the Muslims to migrate to Abyssinia, Ramalah, her little daughter Habiba and her husband U’baidullah Ibn Jahash were in the first group of Migrators for the religion of Allah, escaping to the protection given by Najashi to their faith. But Abu Sufyan Ibn Harab, with other leaders of Quraish, made it difficult for that group of Muslims to escape from their hands and to taste comfort at the country of Abyssinia. They sent their messengers to Najashi to incite him to [return them back]. They demanded to return those who embraced Islam back to them. They mentioned him that they say bad words about Jesus and his mother Marry. Najashi sent [a messenger] to the leaders of the Migrators and asked them about the reality of their religion and their saying about the Jesus and his mother. He demanded them to read something from the Quran that was revealed to the heart of their prophet. When they informed him about the reality of Islam and recited some verses of the Quran, he wept and his beard became wet. He said to them: “Surely what is revealed to your Prophet Muhammad and what was brought by Jesus, the son of Marry, both of them came out from the same source of light.” Then he announced his faith in One God, Who has no associate. He testified the prophethood of Muhammad. He also announced his support for those Muslims who migrate to his land despite of the fact that his Bishops refused to embrace Islam and remained firm on their Christianity.
Explanation
Word
$ "/
Leaders, plural of Z>/ It became wet Niche, source of light Despite of that
Explanation Those who escape
Word
\Eq1 F
% 6 c%
Support, warmness
"% [
p%!
He made it difficult
,/ h/
Z # /
Bishops, plural of m G E4< They refused They continued
Quranic Arabic Program
*1 4< < z
F# E
He escaped
[
Comfort
-qd E
They incite
X )E
It became bad
139
Explanation Annoyed, dissatisfied They dared They narrowed Neck
Word
J c & ; % I m q>6 H Y . #
They made both of them tired
"R N % H
Tiring, fatigue
Y N%1{
Both of them became
H < Level 03
Lesson 8B: Two Mothers of Believers ( H%?c Z % H \pH Z L# e ... ' [ 1 ºe < % 6 # :* +i mE ³ * ! [% 1 ª?/ 2 : < % F A + E' lL :< ?>?[ ~+ % ?)[ .+ ' PL + ( K 6 % 6 H + 9[' PL 2 I 2R / (> r 4 H >& * d ?>?[ + \ d "% E ª(" p# [ % 1 ?H 0 $U b : ...E " # \ < 0 : >% ?/ I Z } . X E "> ; % ª 3 6 % ºe ?>?[ ~+ ; % a > ; L ,F ...C 3. " * / K < H o?p $9! Ä,q3R a d< , R ? E rdI >% lH + E .% E Z Le ª% d H % w? N E 1 \p ...; % 1 " >b X>% :a [' ( R Q# H # !H Z ... < 4 6 1/#Q \ % ? ... .H (.E \/ :H1 :* ªardI \ < 0 : >?/ [ g!"# Umm Habiba thought that the days of long hardship have passed and her difficult journey on the way of troubles has resulted in the comfort of peace. But she did not know that there are other destinies. Allah wants to test Umm Habiba with a hard test to bless her with His wisdom. A test in that wisdom of creative men becomes useless and understanding of people of understanding fails in front of it. He wanted to make her successful in that great test at the top of success….. One night, Umm Habiba was lying at her bed. She say in a dream that her husband U’baidullah Ibn Jahash is wandering in a deep see covered by multi-layered darkness and was in the worst condition… She woke up and was terrified and confused. She did not want to discuss that with anyone else what she has seen. But her dream had to become true. The day following that ill-fortuned night did not finish when U’baidullah Ibn Jahash returned back from his religion and converted to Christianity.
Worth Reading! The Sermon of Mount delivered by the Prophet Jesus +9) (>/. Its contents are applicable today. Read more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0009-Mount.htm Explanation
Word
Ä,q3R
Deep, bottomless Its darkness
( % >!
Explanation Thinking, dreaming
The worst
$ &%
Understandings, plural of Z
She awaked suddenly
% ?N
Test
1/#Q
She was sitting
Confused
< 4 6
Top
It became true
% d H
Success
It did not pass
.% E Z
Ill fortuned
g!"#
He converted to Christianity
Quranic Arabic Program
.H
+ 9[' K 6 % 6 H
It fails
Terrified
Word
+ $9
She stayed
3 6 %
Her bed He stumbled, he walked unsteadily
140
R ? E
Explanation
Word
Hardship, unpleasant
?/
Hard, difficulty
* ! +i
Pains, plural of Z It resulted in
% 6#
Peace, security
'
It was hidden from her
( H%?c E
Quantities, luck Hard
>& *
It became useless
r 4 H
Wisdoms, plural of
/
2R / Level 03
Lesson 8B: Two Mothers of Believers P h % < $= ?H Ö 0 < LR > Ö .E \/ ~:H% H l Q< ª. ºe N /% , ~D E I PQ I% h O >3) % H # :S a 98 f< 3 )F ?>?[ ~+ ; % : I ¬W% ! # * 2 N ªp , >< >% < ºe H # e ...:E:[ \ a !% < "|# / \/ "d ! ( R F# H i N .c Q/ >%~: .\ >% i \ i N i ª:Eb :>[ !?d# 9< ³ ?% H # e ... .E / <@ 1 # (> r > % 6 % e " . ow ?>?[ q+ 1 | 4R E Þ .X:./ \ VF < 0 Ã E Ô[ a !?¹ , $ ? / % % ...X & / I h/ 0 -1 (> ;8 o / h d" # %>< Y 6# E ~ ~h ( d .I% < B # E : % ) N$ I : ...VF N H [ 9 >* ie X~.H :< rE Z PQ I% \ H:/ ªa! % < a < % "d . !?¹ l q,b 3. F>A “ N <%<” % I (%d " Ï ? >/ Y R >d"# m # .) 6F ¶ d- ; L ,F ... > : * >/ 2 c ~: < % L &% Umm Habiba found for herself three options: Either to accept the call of her husband who insisted her to convert to Christianity and leave her religion – Allah forgive us from that – and return to disgrace at this world and the punishment of the Hereafter. She could not do so even if her meat is combed out from her bones with steel combs. [The second option was] to return to the home of her father at Makkah, the fort of paganism, and live there in a subjugated way and being dominated about her religion. [The third option was] to remain at the country of Abyssinia alone and homeless where she has no family, no home and no supporter. She preferred the Allah’s pleasure over other options and decided to stay at Abyssinia till the time Allah gives relief for her. Waiting of Umm Habiba did not prolonged a lot. When she finished her waiting period from her husband who lived a short life after being Christian, the relief came. The lucky bird came over her sad home flapping its wings of green emerald without any [long] time. At a silver-lighted and open faced morning, her door was knocked. When she opened it, she found “Abraha”, a servant of Najashi, the king of Abyssinia. She greeted her warmly with respect and joy and asked for permission to enter her home. She said:
Face the Challenge! How can you make a sentence related to past tense doubtful? Explanation
Word
Explanation
Silver light
.) 6F
Helper
Open faced
>d"# m #
She determined
Y R
It was knocked
Word
\ >% % % $ ?
Remaining
Explanation He insisted Converting to Christianity She return to
Word
~DE . $= ?H
She came to her
% I
It did not prolong
4R E Þ
Disgrace
P h c%
Servant
F>A
Relief
VF
It is combed
!
She greeted warmly
% "[
Success, luck
: % )
Combs, plural of J! %
a ! % <
Happiness, joy She got permission
% L &%
It flapped
B # E
Fort
Wings
d.I%
She live
Made of emerald
hd"#
Sad
Quranic Arabic Program
E ~ ~h
141
Subdued, subjugated Homeless
a !% # * r >H 1 # :Eb Level 03
Lesson 8B: Two Mothers of Believers “.\>% } !H \ l .% / ,j ... l>/ ( : % E # < (> ( < (>e M < (e ...()F# . l ?4c :* 0 2 &1 :"d e :l 2R E l >q>dE l "# e” ZR8 ... N <' "% 4 /% ª E%1 & % / h . q d# \ >/ K % H % F “...o # < 0 W ! < ...o # < 0 W !<” : % F N ª [ ?>?[ + ; % 1 4& ,q./ # : ” : * ZR8 .|d % lH , %4 /% ' >%: . l "H ... ">H c %> % R < lL % ?H Ð ... # < "% d # .Æe . * Ϥ \ < : >& \ < : c V ) < $U 6" # ª>N h t R ~. < %h"R d >)F ( } <% : [ , . 6 . ! ?d # k E1 \ a -1 / a 4 $U 3 % b a >< 1 / < q,b 3. % * , : ?/ ª¤ \ < : >& \ < : c ªaO ¦ \ < FI Z% & 1 / ª! ?d # , "> " # < d X I K"I t Eq c F< b F"# ª$U - >& d~. .Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 / >F& à .< ?>?[ q+ : # / :! % > ZNo ª~") Q[ \ < ( “The king greets you and says: Muhammad, the Allah’s Apostle, has proposed you for himself… He has sent to him a letter and in that he has appointed him [Najashi] his agent to conduct marriage with you …. So you also appoint whomever you want as your agent.” Umm Habiba expressed extreme joy and cried: “May Allah give your good news … May Allah good you good news.” Then she started removing her ornaments from her body. She removed her bracelets and gave it to Abraha … Then she added her anklet … Then she further added her earring and handrings.” If she had treasures of the world, she would have given all of them to her at that moment. Then she said: “I appoint Khalid Ibn Sa’eed Ibn Al-A’as as my agent. He is closest to me in people. Najashi was living at his palace at the top [of a mountain] having a lot of dominated trees. It was a flourishing garden from the gardens of Abyssinia. The companions residing at Abyssinia gathered at one of his wide halls that was decorated by brilliant inscriptions, lighted by copper lamps and furnished by expensive furniture. Ja’afar Ibn Abu Talib, Khalid Ibn Sa’eed Ibn Al-A’as and A’bdullah Ibn Hudhafa Al-Sahmi were their leader. Others [also came] to participate in the marriage of Umm Habiba Bint Abu Sufyan with Allah’s Prophet.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Wide
d >)F
She added to
% d #
He greets you
Decorated
%h"R
Anklet
2 #c
He appointed an agent
,% % *R
You appoint an agent!
,j
Sculptures, inscriptions
t R ~.
Ear rings
Brilliant
>N h
Rings, plural of Z G H c
Lighted
$U 6" #
Treasures, plural of h%.
Z >H c .
V )
Living
<
Made of copper
>& d~.
Hilltop
Pure
$U -
Dominated
Lamps, plural of V G &
Decorated Expensive furniture
b F"# t Eq c
Marriage, knot
Quranic Arabic Program
: # /
Gardens, plural of -1
Lounges, plural of G % <
142
She expressed extreme joy
\%>} !H ; % 1 4&
She shouted with joy
% F N
a >< 1
Give good news to you
W !<
a 4
She removed
k E1 6 .
Flourishing
You want
l >q>dE
$ <%
K % H
Jewelery
q d#
She extracted
% / h
Bracelets
P % 1 & Level 03
Lesson 8B: Two Mothers of Believers N ( ª(R&1 X:?/ :"d 0 ie (e i # : b% 1 ?3# \ g"# ~:R 0 U : " [% ” :2 Z?4 c y 3 % " # ~,b 3. 1 : H ªK"3# "# " < > H% % ªO ºe (?% I . >#F& ¦ .< ?>?[ + ( I q R # q. O Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 ::< .Z E \ < )>/ (< !< PQ .¤ \ < : >& \ < : c P % : E f< >% : O p & ZR8 “... ( &1 0 .& / ... ?NL 1a .E } K <1 (./ (jR \ E: / X |# > qmd#
: # \ E:< (& 1% ª(R&1 X:?/ :"d : b% ª(>e H ªX F @% &% ª(.>&% X:" [% 0 : "d# ” :2 :G c + * .N O "< ?>?[ q+' >.N .(I h< (& 0 W 1 ? . >F& ¦ .< ?>?[ + , j (I% ª >/ 0 2 &1 O ?% I : :: < . p X Le $ >?' .& ! ) I% ” :,b 3. Z 2 . 6E B i < ~"N ( > (< dA + ª >e (< , 6"E # ZN 2 "# " [ ZR8 “...o# \ 0 . ~6F Ð + + 4< Z / “. " 4# E Ih H When they finished gathering [i.e. everyone arrived], Najashi delivered a sermon to the gathering and spoke, he said: “I praise Allah, the Most Holy, the Peace-Giving, the Eternally Powerful. I declare that there is no deity except Allah and Muhammad is His slave and His prophet. He is the one about whom Jesus Ibn Marry informed in advance. After that: Surely Allah’s Prophet has demanded me to marry him with Umm Habiba Bint Sufyan. I have accepted what he demanded. In his representation, I declare that the marriage gift will be 400 gold coins …. in accordance with the established practice of Allah and His Prophet.” Then he poured out the gold coins in the hands of Khalid Ibn Sa’eed Ibn Al-A’as. Then Khalid stood up and said: “Praise is only for Allah. I praise Him and seek help from Him. I seek forgiveness from Him and repent to Him. I declare that Muhammad is His slave and His prophet. He sent the religion of guidance and truth to Him in order to dominate His religion over everything, even the unbelievers dislike. After that: I accepted the demand of Allah’s Prophet and declare the marriage of my client, Umm Habiba Bint Abu Sufyan, to him. May Allah bless His Prophet in his marriage. Congratulations to Umm Habiba for the good Allah has written for her…” Then he carried the money to give it to her. Then his companions stood up. They thought to leave. Najashi said to them: “Sit down! It is the established practice of Prophets that when they arrange marriage, they serve food.” He called for the food and the group ate it. Then they left.
Rule of the Day
, is added before a 51 6 , it adds the sense of ‘so that __ should’. For example Z FE means “he understands / will understand” while Z % F# E , means “So that he should understand”.
Face the Challenge! If is added to a
If the word
51 6, what is the impact? Explanation
Word
Explanation
" #
Representation
< >
He delivered
1 : H
>.N
He poured out
O p &
Most Holy
~"N
I seek help
f &%
Who gives peace
I decide gift of marriage for bride
My client
, j
Congratulations They thought
B ~6F
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
It completed
I%
They returned
Explanation
; % %
I declare marriage
Returning back
Word
~:R \ g"#
So that He dominates
|# >
Enormously Powerful
1 ?»
I accept
?% I
I arrange marriage
V q R
143
Level 03
Lesson 8B: Two Mothers of Believers
. °e” : * O NQ \ i w# \ >% ) "c ,.%H !< , “ N <” ºe # & 1% Æe 2R "# A " :?>?[ ~+ * ªON Q ; 1 Æe R N < ; % $U I Ô[ J >* ie N " “.2 Qa % E P:%./ \% pE Z ,.H% !< f [ 4/ l >4/ . >b l . Q cn i , / + h / :* l"# e” : * 6E Æe ( H% ªX Ee 4/ . PQ ,zd # (> [ % I c% “.O 4 \ \N : .% / jpR < l \#w ?% E XU$ ) :* : ” : “¬,N ” : “. I [ W :./ Æ e” :Æ * Ð ª?.% / ªa/ ªa1% < ,.H$ I : @ " Ð “.lL ,).% H i (&1 0 < .n ,q (>"/ + 9) ,q. q,?. / ,}*# :a "d \ E ?H ª"% &% K (# ª?#4 # \ "< (H% ?c% ª(> " . Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 ºe # " [ ,qe ZR8 .,.H%h I .(H < 0 R "%[1 + 9) >/ :2 * N? < ) .+ 9) . (H*# “ N <” Umm Habiba said: When the money reached to me, I sent it to Abraha who gave me good news. It was 50 Mithqal of gold. I said: “I was giving you what I had at the time you gave me good news. On that day, I had no money.” After a short time, Abraha came to and returned the gold. She brought out a jar in which there were ornaments that I gave to her. She returned that as well and said: “The king decided that I’ll not take anything from you. He has instructed the women of his family to send you [as a gift] whatever medicine they have.” On the next day, she came to me with Wars, A’ud and A’nbar and said to me: “I need something from you.” I asked: “What?” She said: “I have converted to Islam and following the religion of Muhammad. Give my salutations to the Prophet and inform him that I believed in Allah and His prophet. Don’t forget that.” Then she prepared my luggage. After that, I was carried to Allah’s Apostle. When I met him, I informed him about the matter of marriage and what Abraha did and delivered him her salutations. He became happy with her news and said: “Peace be upon her along with Allah’s mercy and blessings.”
Rule of the Day If the word
Worth Reading
R RpE is added before a ,-
What is the relationship between the revelation and the intellect? Read more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE0 3-0007-Revelation.htm
, it makes the sentence doubtful. For example means “he ate” while R RpE means “He may have eaten”. Explanation She prepared my luggage
Word
,.H%h I
Explanation Next day, tomorrow
I was carried
# " [
Read!
Proposal for marriage
?#4 #
Inform!
He became happy Different types of herbs used in folk medicine
Quranic Arabic Program
&
Word
: @ ,}*# ,"/ ,).% H i
Don’t forget
?.% / ªa/ ªa1% 144
Explanation
Word
An ancient measure of weight
2 w#
She returned
; 1
Jar, pot
[
He decided
+ h /
Medicine
O 4 Level 03
Lesson 9A: Special Forms of Present & Future Tense The Result Compare the result. Each line carried five marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
Impact
English
Arabic
Do you think? Impact on Form: No impact because the verb is in Past Tense which is not variable. Impact on Meaning: Made interrogative
Do you intend to ask your Prophet? Impact on Form: Because + has no impact on the form. )H became )H. Its Noon is deleted. Impact on Meaning: Made interrogative, “You ask” becomes “to ask”.
Were you witness?
Z% ?% ) [ +% Z% pR &1 R) % H # :EH +% $U : b Z% .R +%
Impact on Form: No impact. Impact on Meaning: Made interrogative
Do they have hands they hold with? Do they have eyes they see with? Do they have ears they listen with? Impact on Form: No impact Impact on Meaning: Made interrogative
\G >/% Z% +% < !4 ?% E :a E% Z% +%
< " ) % E J Ln Z% +% < ?% E
Do they wait for Allah to come to them in clouds? Impact on Form: N has no impact on the form. has placed a fathah and changed
, HE to , HE
Impact on Meaning: Made interrogative. has changed the
a R , ( Z% >H# E # ie |R .E # N
meaning of “come” to “to come.”
Does anyone is destroyed except the offender group.
o ?# "/% 'U P) % E # N
Does the blind and the seeing alike?
Za # / \% Z% R : .% / # N
Do you have something from knowledge? Wherever he turns his face, he does not bring a good thing. So what is the matter with these people who are not going to understand the word. Impact on Form: No impact Impact on Meaning: Made negative (applicable to all with i.)
a >% < ; # E i ~(qI E ".E% F# E pE i + % # $ igN 2 "
wE:[
[ p I% E i ,H9 $= )q.
The women who do not expect to be married.
I % E i Z%
So they will not return.
Quranic Arabic Program
" | + % # ie l % E # N
145
Level 03
Lesson 9A: Special Forms of Present & Future Tense
Impact
English
Arabic
We will definitely not believe in you until we see Allah clearly.
Impact on Form: \ and Ô[ both have given fathah to the last letter of
the verb. \ g became \g.
Impact on Meaning: \ made the meaning extremely negative and Ô[
% I (
[ l \ g% \%
added the sense of “until”.
Do not shave your heads until the animals of sacrifice reach at their place. Impact on Form: Ô[ has changed
´R ?E to ´ ?E.
Impact on Meaning: Meaning of ‘until’ are added.
So if you did not do and definitely you will not do, so be careful about the fire (of hell.) Impact on Form: Last is deleted by both
\ Þ.
Impact on Meaning: Þ made the meaning negative whereas \ has made
´ R ?% E [ Z% pR & =$1 R d % H i ( d P :% # 1 . R H R F# H \% R F# H Z% #
meaning extremely negative with future.
He does not beget. And He is not begotten. And there is no associate with Him. Impact on Form: Last letter becomes silent due to Þ. Impact on Meaning: Þ made the meaning negative.
RFR ( \% pR E Z% .:% E Z% :% E Z% .:G [ " % H RpH Z% Z% pR " j E
He teaches you what you did not use to know.
Z% <% H ?# H \%
Their repentance will not be accepted. You will definitely not win the piety until you spend your favorite wealth (in Allah’s way).
~?d H " R F .% H [ ?# R .H \%
Make an assistant to me so that we praise You a lot.
ow l d q?) ,% E , # I%
Impact on Form: , has changed
D ?) to D ?).
Impact on Meaning: Meaning of ‘so that’ are added.
So We return him (Moses) to his mother so that her eyes become cold. (i.e. She becomes peaceful.)
$ >.# 'U \ >% < RpE i ,% Z% pR .%
So that it does not be revolving within your rich.
Quranic Arabic Program
.>% / H ,% ( qR e X %
146
Level 03
Lesson 9A: Special Forms of Present & Future Tense
Impact
English
And they said, “The fire will definitely not touch us except a few days. Impact on Form: \ has changed
y ã to y ã.
Impact on Meaning: Meaning became negative future.
Do they not see at the earth how much noble pairs we have caused to grow in it. Impact on Form: Þ has deleted the and changed
E to E.
Impact on Meaning: Meaning of ‘until’ are added.
If they do not leave what they say, a painful punishment will definitely touch those who disbelieve. Impact on Form:
2 added at the start and end.
Impact on Meaning: Made extremely assertive.
Do you not see towards those who were given a share from the Holy Book. Impact on Form: Þ has changed
H to H.
Impact on Meaning: Meaning became negative.
He said, “I intend to marry you with one of my these two daughters. Impact on Form: has changed
D p to D p.
Impact on Meaning: Meaning of ‘to’ are added.
They said, “These two (Moses & Aaron) are certainly expert magicians who intend to drive you out of your land.”
Arabic
E ie 1 . .)" H \% R * :%
> .% ?% Z% k 1% 'U e % E Z% a V a % jR \% \)" > RR E "/ .E Z% # e ZG > G Q/ Z% .% F \ EQ \% ?> HR \ EQ e H Z% p #
:[% e l d p R # : E1R ,qe 2 * \ >% H N ,.<% # :EE [ ) QN # e R * Z% pR 1% \% Z% R I % E f * A Z% .R # e
If you are true.
9 w 6 % E #
To describe an example. To employ you for 8 years. So if you complete 10 years, it will be (additional) from your side. Impact on Form: has changed
I H to I H.
Impact on Meaning: Meaning of ‘to’ are added.
"% " H% # ¸ a3 [ > "8 , I # H # W : .% / \% " %!/
Worth Reading What is the significance of Character in building a nation? Read more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0001-Character.htm
Quranic Arabic Program
147
Level 03
Lesson 9A: Special Forms of Present & Future Tense
Impact
English
Arabic
So if you do not do and definitely you will not do, so beware of the fire.
1 . R H R F# H \% R F# H Z% # Z% > Q H # e jQ H # e
.%)[
Either to punish or to do good with them.
Either you to put down or we to be the ones who put down.
\ d % Rp # e , # H # e f # " # A E # ( < (
That Allah has ordered to join. If Allah wills.
( $U b # e
Impact on Form: e has no impact because $ b is the Past Tense. Impact on Meaning: Sentence became conditional.
If they are brought to you as prisoners. Impact on Form: e changed H E to H E and
1 &R Z% R H# E # e
is deleted.
Impact on Meaning: Sentence became conditional.
And it is not protecting them from the punishment to live long life.
# Q # \% ( [ h [% h " < N " E
It is definitely not the piety to turn your faces towards the east or the west.
?* Z% pR N I z H # ?# y >% @% " # Y ! % " #
Surely, Allah does not hesitate to describe a parable.
, ( Z% >H# E # ie |R .E # N a R
Do they wait for Allah to come to them in clouds? Impact on Form: changed
9 w 6 % E # ,>d % ) % E i ( e
H E to H E.
Impact on Meaning: Meaning of ‘to’ added.
Face the Challenge!
Face the Challenge!
How do you make a ,-
Describe the difference between the impact of Z% and \% on the 51 6 .
conditional? What is the difference in case of a 51 6 ?
Quranic Arabic Program
148
Level 03
Lesson 9A: Special Forms of Present & Future Tense
Impact
English
Arabic
So turn your faces towards it so that people will not have an argument against you. Impact on Form: 9 changed
R pE to pE.
Impact on Meaning: Meaning of “so that not” are added.
Verily, he (Satan) instructs you to commit evil and vulgar acts and to say about Allah what you do not know.
RpE 9 X 4# b Z% pR N I z J 3[ Z% pR >% / . # $ !d % F # $ ~) < Z% R # E "e " % H i ( / RR H
Do you think to enter paradise whereas (a trouble) has not yet arrived on you similar to that faced by those who were before you.
Z% pR H# E " .3 # Rc :% H # Z% ?% ) [ +% Z% pR ?% * \% % c \ EQ R w
It is likely that you dislike a thing whereas it is better for you.
Z% pR G >% c N %>b N p# H # )/
And it is not allowed for you to take from what you have already given (to your wives) except (the situation of) both of them fearing that both of them will not abide by the Allah’s limits.
" RQc # H # Z% pR z d E i
"> E i E # ie %>b \N ">% Hn ( :[
If you exhibit the charity, it is good but if you conceal it and give it to poor (secretly) it is better for you.
# e , N " . ; *: :?% H # e Z% pR G >% c $U FR # NHg% H NRF % H
Allah has not yet pinpointed those of you who have struggled (in His way), so that He may pinpoint the steadfast ones. Impact on Form: £ has changed
Z E to Z E.
Z% pR .% :N I \ EQ ( Z% % E " \ E< Z % E
Impact on Meaning: Meaning of “not yet” added.
But they denied what they did not grasp from His knowledge and its reality has not yet arrived to them.
" ( " # < R4>dE Z% "< <Q # < ( R E# H Z% H# E
Worth Reading The Report of Transparency International and a Hadith. This article is an eye-opening writing on the condition of Muslim Ummah. http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0004-Transparency.htm
Quranic Arabic Program
149
Level 03
Lesson 9A: Special Forms of Present & Future Tense
Impact
English
Arabic
But they have not yet tasted the punishment. Impact on Form: £ has changed
*QE to *QE and deleted.
Q/ R*RQE " # <
Impact on Meaning: Meaning of “not yet” added.
They said, “We accepted Islam but the faith has not yet entered into their hearts. And other ones of the who have not yet joined them. And if We wished, We will definitely take away what We have revealed to you. Impact on Form:
ª2 added at start and end of ONQ.
, R Õ{ # c :% E " ."% &% RR* Z% pR <R*R Z% < R d # E " Z% .% \ Ec n l >% e .>% [ % PQ < \?N Q# . .# b \%
Impact on Meaning: Sentence became extremely assertive.
Allah has written, “Only I and My prophets shall surely & definitely dominate.” You shall definitely go up from one step to another step. We will definitely compensate with excellent reward those who remained steadfast. He said, “Definitely I will be given wealth and children.” Allah shall definitely help the one who has helped Him (in His cause.)
ma ? \% / ? \? % \ ) [% < Z% N I% ?A \ EQ \Eh 3 % . : i \>H' 2 * X .E \% ( .> l F @% &% 'U
I will seek forgiveness for you. We will definitely be patient on what you will torture us.
"E%L n / ? % . ( q> \R . Z8R
Then we shall definitely say to his guardian. And when a help from your Lord comes, they shall definitely say, “We were with you.”
e \RR > l q<1 \% G % $U I \% Z% pR .R Z% 8# \R " d % >
They shall definitely carry their burdens.
Quranic Arabic Program
,& 1 \? # 'U ( O
150
Level 03
Lesson 9A: Special Forms of Present & Future Tense
Impact
English
And if you ask them, “Who has created you?” They shall definitely say, “Allah.” If Allah wills, you shall definitely enter into the Sacred Mosque. Then on that day, you shall be definitely be asked about the blessings (you have enjoyed in your worldly life.) And verily, those who were given the Book they know that it is the truth from their Lord.
Arabic ( \RR > Z% c \% Z% #& \% ( $U b # e + d # : 3 ) % " # \R c :% Z >. \% / Qa % E \R) % Z8R ( " % > p # HR \ EQ e Z% q<1 \% ~md # . n \ EQ ( Z % >
So that Allah pinpoints those believed. And the trouble you have faced with Allah’s permission on the day (of Ohad) when two groups met (for fighting), and so that He pinpoints the believers and so that He pinpoints those who were engaged in hypocrisy. Impact on Form: 2 has changed
Z E to Z E like ,.
Impact on Meaning: Meaning of “so that” added.
"% 3 # # + % E Z% pR < A Z % > f . g% " # Z % > ( L# ? R \ EQ
> % # E B % )
So soon they will see (the result of) their deviation. Soon they will know when they will see the punishment. Impact on Form: B& has no impact on the form. Impact on Meaning: Meaning of “soon” added and the sentence is specific to the future tense.
Q # % E f [ " % E B % & R) % H B % &
Soon you will be asked.
1?8R /:% E B % )
So soon he will call for (his) destruction.
Worth Reading Prophet Muhammad seek refuge of Allah
Worth Reading
from procrastination. What’s the solution? Read more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE030016-Procrastination.htm
What are the Quranic teachings about defamation? Read more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/Engl ish/PE02-0006-Defamation.htm
151
Level 03
Quranic Arabic Program
Lesson 9B: The Law of Prayer The Result: Calculate your score. Each paragraph carries 10 mark. If your score is less than 80%, repeat the exercise. The translation is provided for each paragraph. Text in parenthesis [ ] is the information not describe in the original Arabic text but its sense is understood.
The Law of Prayer
9 dA R b ((>/ mF) (4:103 $ ). )
“.- E [ S : [% Le Z% R : [ R 9A R ?# H i” :(./ ( ,-1 EN ,< M E:d :S : d # \ R 1 4 (1)
F"# 9 , l L : * 2R c (2) “. HR*% < f . g% " # / % 9 e” :º H 0 2 *g " # -
% F ! p :* J % < , / Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 ” :2 * : N % I \% ( [' < Qc) ( ?# 1 ( H& \ >% < I R 1 % / ~:[ : 1 % % & (3) . (d>dA , P1 ? X L ª~PQ q < : " [% l G X 1 “.J 1 / Q F ªlEQ # R ” :2 ªPQ Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. ./ 0 ,-1 ! } / M E:d l L ...\ >% Fp ( I% :/ 9 , X & >/ O 3 E J 1/ N: ) I K >"3 :R "# .Z d# " E%h c \ < ( d dA ,} ). ie R )"# X 1 “.1a " < ie a } [ 9A 0 = R ? E i” :2 * Conditions for a Valid Prayer (1) Purification from filth: As mentioned in the Hadith of Abu Hurairah: “The prayer of anyone of you is not acceptable if he has a filth until he performs ablution.” (Agreed upon). (2) Start of Time: That is about the obligatory prayer with specific time, as mentioned in Allah’s words: “Surely the prayer is obligatory on believers at fixed times.” (3) Hiding the Coverable Parts: The limit for coverable parts of a man is what between his navel and his knees (by taking a cover). Reported by Jarhad, he said: Allah’s Apostle passed [by me] while I was taking a shawl and my thighs was not covered. He said: “Cover your thighs, surely the thigh is also coverable.” Malik, Ahmed, Abu Dawood and Tirmidhi reported it. Bukhari also mentioned it in his Saheeh without chain of narrators. Regarding women, their entire body is coverable. It is obligatory on them to cover it in the prayer except face and both hands. That is based on the Hadith of A’yesha that the Prophet said: “Allah does not accept the prayer of a woman without a veil.” Five [compilers of Hadith] reported it except Nisai. Ibn Khuzaima and Hakim declared it authentic.
Explanation
Word
# R
Cover!
Explanation
Being right
dA
?# 1
Obligatory
F"#
Knee
Body
: ) I
Covering, guarding
Veil covering head
1a "c
[' J % <
Shawl, garment
% F ! p
It exposed Thigh, upper part of leg
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
&
a } [
Explanation
Navel point of body
Hanging, without chain of narrators
Menstruating [means women]
Word
152
Q
Having a fixed time At fixed time Covering Coverable parts of body
*g " #
HR*% % & 1 % Level 03
Lesson 9B: The Law of Prayer 0 A ,?. 2 : 3 )"# , 2 < PQ q,< /' M E:d ª(74:4 8:" # ) “.q4 l < >8 ” :º H ( :(> ,j E PQ p" # : ?# w R 1 (4) . ¶" ) ie R / "3 # X 1 “.$a \ <L ( >/ ~?A ” : Z& (>/ / 1 l L (2:144 ? ) “.X 4# b Z% pR N I Z.% R M R >% [ + d # : 3 ) % " # 4# b l I% j2 ” :º H 0 2 :(R ?%p ) ?% 2R ? & (5) R ? )> N: N !E i \ ª H L ?p ?# )E # ( H9A , ?p : N !E \% / O 3 E ªJd>dA ( H9A 1a Q ? & \% / h 3 / # ª ? & (2:239 ? ) “. ?#1 % i I ZF# c # ” :º H ( d # R 9A ,N ªB# 9A , ? 2R ? & R R )E v ¬? 2R ? & R R )E . I ( ~Od )E ª( [ 1 ( < % 3 H M R >[ ( ? ªO . R 9A v .P1 ? X 1 “. >? ) o ? ,?# ) % ” : "./ ( ,-1 "/ \ < 2 * >% @ <R < RpE # ªE" # X p"# ? & \/ h I vÖI .( I % M R >[ < ( 3 E ZR8 + [{ >% ?pH : ./ ? < ? )E ...Z% 4 &% 0 H :º H (* (2:268 ? ) &% ie )#F 0 jp E i :º H ( . ? I ºe W d E K >4)E i PQ E"# ª? (64:16 \< @ )
(4) Purification of the Cloth, the Body and the Place where a person is performing prayer: As mentioned in Allah’s words: “Purify your cloths.” Also mentioned in the Hadith of the villager who delivered urine at the Mosque. The Prophet said: “Pour a bucket of water on it.” Entire group [of compilers of Hadith] reported it except Muslim. (5) Facing towards the Prayer Direction (Ka’aba): As mentioned in Allah’s words: “Turn your faces to the Sacred Mosque. Wherever you are, turn your faces towards it.” This is for the person who is capable to face towards it. If he is unable to face towards it due to a reason, then his prayer is correct. It is obligatory for the person to face towards the Ka’aba itself who is viewing the Ka’aba. If it is not in his sight, then he should face towards it direction. When [the condition of] Facing towards Ka’aba is Waived? (A) [The condition of] facing towards Ka’aba is waived during the prayer of danger. This is in case of praying during a war. As mentioned in Allah’s words, “If you fear, then pray on foot or while riding.” Ibn U’mar said: “[It means that he should pray] whether he is facing towards Ka’aba or not.” Bukhari reported it. (B) [For a person performing] Non-Obligatory Prayer for a Rider, [the condition of facing towards Ka’aba is waived]. His direction of prayer will be towards where the ridden [vehicle or animal] is moving. It is preferable for him to face towards Ka’aba at the time of first “Allah o Akbar”, then face towards wherever his [vehicle or animal] is moving. (C) The person who is unable to face towards it [Ka’aba] like a bound person or a patient. If he is tied or crucified towards some direction other than Ka’aba, or he is the patient who is unable to move towards the direction of Ka’aba [it is not essential for him to face towards it]. As mentioned in Allah’s words: “Allah does not place a burden on a person beyond its capacity.” In other words, “Be careful to Allah up to your extent….”.
Explanation Animal, bus, car etc. It is preferable
Word
[ 1 ~Od )E
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
He became unable to
h 3 /
He delivered urine
2 <
Reason, excuse
1a Q /
Pour!
~?A
Bucket
<L
One who is forced to do
X p"#
It declines, it is waived
Bound
<
War
d #
Turn your face!
Crucified
<R
One who face towards
?# ) %
Towards, in the direction
He moves
W d E
Not obligatory
You are capable of
Z% 4 &%
Quranic Arabic Program
R R )E
.
One mounted on something
153
O
Capable Facing towards
j2 4# b 1 2 ? & Level 03
Lesson 9B: The Law of Prayer -1 ( < dA \% :a [ \/ i Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. \ / # R .E Z% ª > ) c i O # zd ª$,! / + h# : , N :R >q. (6) .+ [{ R >% ?pH : ./ P 9 2 , . . " q¸d # , ie * x J F >. , R <1' R "}' i \ >% < i Z./ 0
9 R 1 :,E "> .>? ¶/b < ~:% E i J < J * R pH 9 \G 1 . È L ª . R RpH J 1 9 P 1 ? X 1 “.,A R ,"E%1 " A ” :Z& (>/ 0 A 2 & 2R * (2:238 ? ) “.\ >% * 0 R* ” :º H 0 2 :k F , + > (1) K% 4 )H Z # ª "} * jA ” :2 9 \ / Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. ) ª>% & < ,< % :2 * (./ 0 ,-1 f a [ \< "/ M R E:[ .: "%[ .P1 ? X 1 “.O a .I K% 4 )H Z # ª :/ \ q. / ( < 8 \p J d >dA + > / 1 :R K : / R 9 ª . , ª(H9A % 4 < 6 EF 9A , Z% R E Z + > / ¶1 * \% " P1 ? X 1 “. 9 ¶:/ * I R 9A” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 % 8q:[ :2 * "./ ( ,-1 " / \ < M E:d ªZ} 9A .Z) (6) Intention: It is the determination or decision to do something. Its place is the heart. Tongue is not included in it. It is not narrated at all about the Prophet, anyone of his companions, followers of companions and the four juristic leaders to describe intention in words except in case of Major or Minor Pilgrimage. Its time is at the start of prayer i.e. at the time of the first “Allah o Akbar”. The Parts of Prayer There are certain parts of prayer. If any part is missing, the prayer will remain incomplete and void. It is not allowed to cross this limit by Shari’ah. We explain them as follows: (1) Standing at Obligatory Prayers: As Allah mentioned, “Stand in front Allah obediently.” The Prophet saying, “Pray in the same way as you see me praying.” Bukhari & Ahmed reported it. And mentioned in the Hadith of I’mran Ibn Husain, he said: I suffered with piles, I asked the Prophet to about the prayer, he replied, “Pray while standing. If you are unable to do so, then [pray] while sitting, and even if you are unable to do so, then pray while lying on your side.” Bukhari reported it. Whoever is capable to stand and he did not stand during obligatory prayers, his prayer will become void. In case of non-obligatory prayers, prayer while sitting along with the ability to stand is correct but its reward will be half of praying while standing. As mentioned in the Hadith of Ibn U’mar, he said: “It is described that Allah’s Apostle said, “The prayer of a sitting man is half prayer.” Bukhari & Muslim reported it.
Explanation Piles, a decease of anal point
Word
>% & <
"} *
Standing Sitting Lying on sides
:/ * O a .I /
Explanation Parts, plural of \1
Explanation
Word
R >q.
Intention Determination
:
Standing
+ >
Decision
+ h#
Stand! O you all
R*
Place
z d
\ >% *
Never
*
Z% R E Z
Obedient
It becomes void
% 4 <
You see me
,"E%1
% 8q:[
Quranic Arabic Program
J 1 f ?
We explain
He does not stand
It is described
Word
Saying ¡
0 at the
beginning of prayer
154
R >% ?pH + [{ Level 03
Lesson 9B: The Law of Prayer : ? k Le” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. (./ 0 ,-1 & ,< M E:d 9 N I ( ( H1 :R* O )[ / jA k F , + > \ / h 3 / \% .P1 ? X 1 “. ¶d>dA "> R " E R w ( O &
" E%dH 1 4 9 C #F :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. (./ 0 ,-1 Ä,/ M E:d . No Ph 3 % E i ª“ ? 0 = ” |R F :+ [{ R >% ?pH (2) mF “.q?p 9 ºe "% *R Le” :( H9A $ ,)" # , EN ¦ ME:d .ZNo (ddA Z d# PQ < X 1 “.Z > ) R>d % H o ?p# (>/ ....+ " # , c F ." # + { / k F F. ; 1 \ a 1 jR , \G 1 , N : d H F R $U * (3) R (4) (>/ 0 A 2 & 2 (22:77 ¸¹ ) “. d F# H Z% pR >% # R # Z% pR <1 :?/% :3 &% 1% . n \ EQ ~E E” :º H ( :5
> R I Z > E i J 9A Ph3 % H i” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. qP1 :? a ) ,< ME:d “. 1 \" 4# H [ K% 1 Z8R” :( H9A , $ ,)" Z& .D>dA \)[ :PQ 2 * ª(ddA , >? ° ¡4 ?[ \< Õhc \< R )"# X 1“. 3~) 5 R , ( ?# A If a person is unable to stand in obligatory prayers, he should pray according to his ability and he will have the complete reward. As mentioned in the Hadith of Abu Musa that the Prophet said: “When a slave becomes sick or he travels [and is unable to pray in full], reward of a person living in right condition is written for it. (2) The Takbeer of Starting the Prayer: Its words are “Allah o Akbar”. It is not allowed to say any other words. As mentioned in the Hadith of A’li that the Prophet said: “The key of prayer is purification. Its start is by saying “Allah o Akbar” and its end is with “Assalaam o alaikum wa Rahmatullah”. Abu Dawood, Tirmidhi, Hakim and others reported it and declared it authentic. In the Hadith of Abu Hurairah about the person who committed mistakes in his prayer, it is mentioned: “When you stand for prayer, say ‘Allah o Akbar’.” Agreed upon. (3) Reciting Al-Fatihah: It is the part of each Rak’at in obligatory and non-obligatory prayers. [It is obligatory for] the prayer-leader and the person praying individually. There is disagreement about the person performing prayer in leadership of other. [According to some scholars, it is also obligatory for him while others do not consider it obligatory]. (4) Bowing Down: As mentioned in Allah’s words, “O believers! Bow down, prostrate and worship your Lord. Do got so that you become successful.” As mentioned in the words of the Prophet about the person who committed mistakes in his prayer, “Then bow down until you become calm in your bowing down.” In the Hadith of Abu Mas’ud Al-Badri that the Prophet said: “The prayer of the person is not valid who does not level his back during bowing down and prostrating.” Five [compilers of Hadith] reported it. Ibn Khuzaima, Ibn Habban, Tabrani and Baihiqi also reported it and declared it authentic. Tirmidhi said: This is moderately authentic.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
q?
Being all acts lawful at end of prayer
R >d % H
Person performing prayer alone
F ."#
Saying 0 µ1 Zp>/ +9) at end of prayer
Z >)
Perfect
Person performing prayer in leadership of other
+ "#
A person who committed mistakes in the prayer
$ ,)"#
It is not allowed
Say, ¡
0
It is performed satisfactorily
\" 4# H
Back
O # A
Quranic Arabic Program
"% *R
You stand
155
According to
Word
O )[ 9 Ph3 % E i
Key
C #F
Being all acts unlawful at start of prayer
Z E%dH Level 03
Lesson 9B: The Law of Prayer ºe 1a z R E [ ¶"} *
&% ( & 1 K 1 Le” :Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 9A F A , :a >"[ ,< 2 : ¶"} * 2R :/i 5 \ K (5) .Z) X 1 “. ¶"} * P)E [ :% 3 )E Z 5 \ ( & 1 K 1 Le p ” :Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. \/ ./ ( ,-1 !} / 2R * .(>/ mF “.( p .(>/ mF“. ¶"} * 2R : H [ K% 1 ZR8” :( H9A , $ ,)" Z& (>/ 0 A ( :3 &% 1% . n \ EQ ~E E” :º H ( R* \G 1 ( / R >: .k 1% ' \ ( >% : * B # ( >% ?# 1 ( >% F (F% ( ?% I \ jp" E # ( F A : 3~) (6) / : 3 &% # ; % R” :Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. 2 * 2 * "./ 0 ,-1 a ?/ \< M R E:[ (22:77 ¸¹ ) “. d F# H Z% pR >% # R # Z% pR <1 :?/% (* .P1 ? xF Z) P1 ? X 1 “. q! >jw F p# i \%> : B \%>?# ~ \E:> ( F ºe X : >< 1 b ?% 3 # / ªaZ|R %/ ?% & “. ¶:I & \" 4H [ :% 3 & ZR8” :( H9A , $,)" Z& (>/ 0 A [ :% 3 )E Z : 3) \ ( & 1 K 1 Le ” : Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. 9A \/ ./ 0 ,-1 !} / 2R * ( R> :\ >% H: 3) \ >% < R3 # (7) .( ? < A< R ? )E ."% > ( I% 1 O .% E >/ : >
)> ( I% 1 t F# E P) bF y 3E R3 # QN R F A .Z) X 1 “. ¶) I P)E (5) Raising up after Bowing Down and Standing Moderately: As mentioned in the words of Abu Humaid about the description of the Prayer of Allah’s Apostle: “When he used to raise his head, he used to stand straight up to the point that his back bones returned to their original place.” Agreed upon. In words of A’yesha about the Prophet: “When he used to raise his head after bowing down, he did not use to prostrate before standing straight.” Muslim reported it. In the words of the Prophet about the person who committed mistakes in his prayer, “Then raise [your head] until you stand moderately.” Agreed upon. (5) Prostration: Its method is that his [the person performing prayer] forehead, his nose, his hand-palms, his knees and the toes of his feet are firmly placed on the land. The argument for that it is a part of prayer is Allah’s words: “O believers! Bow down, prostrate and worship your Lord. And do good so that that you become successful.” In the Hadith of Ibn A’bbas, the Prophet said: “I am instructed to prostrate on seven bones: He mentioned by his hands towards his forehead, his nose, two hands, two knees and toes of his feet. Cloth and hair should not be pulled.” Bukhari and Muslim reported it and words belong to Bukhari. His words about the person who committed mistakes in his prayers: “Then prostrate until you become calm in your prostration.” (7) Sitting between two Prostrations: Its argument is the words of A’yesha about the Prayer of the Prophet: “When he used to raise his head from prostration, he did not use to prostrate [again] until he used to sit straight.” Muslim reported it. The method of this sitting is that the person should spread his left foot and sit on it and erect his right foot straight and [try to] direct its fingers towards the Ka’aba.
Explanation Bones, plural of + |/ We pull Sitting He becomes straight He spreads He erects
Word
Za |R /% F p#
Explanation
Word
?% I
Forehead Nose
2R :/
He became straight
&%
\%>F
P)E
Edges, toes
B #
Quranic Arabic Program
Back bones
1a K% 1
Feet
\%> : *
Raise!
Argument
R >:
You become moderate
156
K
Moderate behavior
Two palms
O .% E
Raising up
Word
%
R3 # t F# E
Explanation
2R : H Level 03
Lesson 9B: The Law of Prayer / R >: .\ >% H: 3) f< R3 # 3~) ( . K 5 R , $ 6/' 1 & : < $= ? P 9 >* ( . # e R p~) , N :J .>"z4 (8) ¶:I & \"4H [ :% 3 &% ZR8 ¶"} * 2R : H [ K% 1% ZR8 ª ¶ 1 \" 4H [ K% 1% ZR8” :( H9A , $ ,)"# M E:[ , Z& (>/ 0 A ( R* \G 1 .>"4 .(./ ( ,-1 EN ¦ ME:[ \ (>/ mF “. jR l H9A , lL # # ZR8 ª :¶ I & \"4H [ :% 3 &% ZR8 ¶) I \"4H [ K% 1% ZR8 2 * ª: ~! ( > R E >% c ' R : E : ªZ& (>/ 0 A ,?. P :N \ B "# < w N :\ >% " >) >% c ' : ~! 3# (9) “.l H9A % "H :% : ! 1 :* ; :% * a : 3& c n \% l & 1 % 1 L” :( H9A , $ ,)" (< l L / + :E Z& (>/ 0 A ( “.,jA ,"E%1 " zA ” :Z& (>/ 0 A ( R* \G 1 ( / R >: : >% c ' : ~! (10)
1 “. nR \ 1) ."E " : ! ." j E Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 ” :Z./ 0 ,-1 a ?/ \ < a ) \ < 2R * .( H9A , $= ,)" # .~,} ). ZG ) a ?/ \ < 2R * ZG ) P 1 ? a ) \ < 2 * R F H ªK >"3 # \/ 0 ,-1 4# \< "/ªqP b' & ,< "/ \ < a ?/ \ < a ) \ < \/ : ! ´R >A ; % 1 :* :: ~! R @ >A ,j " # < : ! H a @ >A ~P l L K “.a ) \ < : !H / . K " I% ” :º H 0 ( " [ 1 ZG ) 2 * ªa) \ < : ~!H ~dA ª N >% \ a : [ .D a >dA a .< J 1 Le ( H%h I% (8) Calmness: It is absence of excitement even for a short while. It means that the organs should become stable during bowing down, raising head after it, two prostrations and sitting between two prostrations. The argument that this calmness is a part of prayer is the Prophet’s words about the person who committed mistakes in his prayer: “Then bow down until you become calm in your bowing down. Then raise [your head] until you stand moderately. Then perform prostration until you become calm in your prostration. Then raise your head until you become calm in sitting. Then prostrate again until you become calm in your prostration. Then do that in your entire prayer.” Agreed upon. A part of the Hadith of Abu Hurairah. (9) Sitting for the Last Tashahud and Two Greetings: This is proved and well-known in the guidance of the Prophet. He used to sit at end of the prayer and recite “Tashahud” in it. He said to the person who committed mistakes in his prayer: “When you raise your head from the last prostration and sit for the time of Tashahud, your prayer will complete.” (10) The Last Tashahud: The argument for that it being a part of the prayer is Prophet’s words: “Pray as you see me praying.” He used to recite it continuously and instructed the person who committed mistake during his prayer. Ibn Masud and Ibn A’bbas said: “Allah’s Apostle used to teach us ‘Tashahud’ as he used to teach us a chapter of Quran.” Bukhari & Muslim reported the words of Ibn Mas’ud and Muslim & Nisai reported the words of Ibn A’bbas. Words of Tashahud: The words of Tashahud are reported by all of Ibn Mas’ud, Ibn A’bbas, Ibn U’mar, Abu Musa Al-Ash’ari and U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab. The words of each one of them are near to each other. The most correct Tashahud is reported by Ibn Mas’ud. Muslim said: “People agreed upon the Tashahud of Ibn Mas’ud.” If a person performing prayer recites Tashahud in whatever words, it will be sufficient if reported in an authentic narration.
Explanation Words
Word
R @ >A
Explanation Proved
Word
Explanation
< w
Calmness
J .>"z4
Calmness
R p~)
It arrived
; % 1
Well-known
B "#
The most correct of it
~dA
It completed
% "H
Staying
He continued to do
+ :E
Stability
He teaches us
." j E
Other, last
They agreed It suffices
K " I% ; % h I%
Quranic Arabic Program
157
Word
$= ? 1 & >% c ' Level 03
Lesson 9B: The Law of Prayer ie ( e i # : b ªfd 0 ?/ / .>/ + 9) ª(H < 0 R " [% 1 ~,?. E l>/ + 9) ª; ?q>4 ; 0 ; >d ” :a ) \ < : ~!H “.( R&1 X : ?/ ¶:"d : b ª0
R >dH >% ?p " E% dH 1 4 9 C F” :(./ ( ,-1 q, / M E:[ , Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. 2 < + 9) R > % ?8 :Z>%) (11) A ,?. K >% A :2 * (./ 0 ,-1 a 3 % [ \< R } \/ . ? , $a ,b ~DA QN :2 * ~PQ q (I \ < < ~, ! : "%[ X 1 “.Z >) .D a >dA a .&< < X 1 “.(H < 0 "%[1 Zp>/ +9) ” :( "b \/ “.( H < 0 R " [% 1 Zp>/ + 9) ” :( .>"E \/ Z j) E p Z& (>/ 0 .G 1 ( zR X h I% “0 "%[1 Zp>/ +9) ” “Zp>/ +9) ” :( < F e c Le .( H9A % 4 < ¶:q" 9 w K E # ?* R ){ : 3 & 9 1 \ \ 1 Fn J 1 RQ ,N / 1' O>HH : 1' O >HH (12) 2R & " / ª(H9A , $ ,)"# M R E:[ ( R > .( H9A % 4 < ie .( ?>HH , ( R F> ( :* PQ \ ~ ºe E # (>/ O 3 E ( L ZR8 ¶& O >H , :[ O >H QN B 9c Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. % ?wE Z% .P1 ? X 1 “.,A °"E1 " A” :} Z& (>/ 0 A .( H >[ The Tashahud of Ibn Mas’ud: “All the greetings, prayers and pure things are for Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, along with Allah’s mercy and blessings. Peace be upon us and on pious slaves of Allah. I declare that there is no god except Allah and I declare that Muhammad is His slave and His prophet.” (11) Greeting: Obligation of greeting is proved by the Prophet’s words in the Hadith of A’li: “The key of prayer is purification. Its start is by Takbeer and its end is by greetings.” Ahmed, Shafi’i, Abu Dawood, Ibn Maja and Tirmidhi reported it and said: “This is the most authentic thing in this chapter.” Reported by Wail Ibn Hajar, he said: “I performed prayer with the Prophet and he greeted [while looking] at his right [shoulder]: “Peace be upon you and Allah’s mercy and His blessings.” And on his left [shoulder, he said]: “Peace be upon you and Allah’s mercy and His blessings.” Abu Dawood reported it with authentic chain of narrators. It is sufficient to say, “Peace be upon you” or “Peace be upon you and Allah’s mercy”. It suffices and all of them arrive [in reports of Hadith]. (12) The Sequence of Parts: The sequence of parts mentioned previously is also a part among the parts of prayer. If, for instance, a person prostrates before bowing down deliberately, his prayer will become void. If he does so by negligence and then recalls, it is essential for him to return to that part that he advanced, then he should do in the [right] sequence, otherwise his prayer will become void. Its argument is the Hadith of the person who committed mistakes in his prayer and the action of the Prophet while saying: “Pray as you see me praying.” Bukhari reported it. It is not proved from the Prophet any action against this sequence even a single time in his life.
Face the Challenge! How do you make a ,-
51 6?
Explanation He violated Neglectfully, unintentionally
Word
Explanation
c
Sequence
¶&
Previously
He was reminded He advanced, he did something before other
Quranic Arabic Program
L + :*
interrogative? How do you do so in case of a
Deliberately It becomes void
158
Word
Explanation
Word
O >HH
It is proved
% ?8
Fn
Obligation
R >
¶:q"
It suffice
h I%
% 4 <
Coming
G 1 Level 03
Lesson 9B: The Law of Prayer
9 ; 94? : 9 R 4 ?E " . % 4 < P R 9 6 R 1 4 6 L + : H " 9 dA , J b 1 4 ' :$U - R .% E (1) .9 4< ª ¶:" / R 1 F ! p L ª"% / " 9 dA , J b 1 & ' : 1 ! (2) .(H9A 4< ¶: / "¶ / a N 3 ie 9 d R ? & b (' : ?p 1 <:% q& (3) .( H9A % 4 < ¶: / # . È . i >/ R Eh 3H i J >F >*H J ?/ ' : ¶:"/ . È . 1' , Eqh (4) .(H9A 4< O >H Q< c ¶:"/ c + :* # "% / " 9 \ \G 1 1' O >HH : R ?* / 1' < Z E%: H (5) .(H9A 4< 9 \ V #
) # ª9 d J b :& >. ' :9 \ V # R > >q. É ) % (6)
. R I Z jp E ª9 , Z p .R ” :Z*1 \ < : E M E:d ª(H9A 4< 9 , + 9p d< ¶" / ¶: / Z p H \ :9 \/ V 1 # + 9p (7) % h . 9 , ( ?.I ºe N ( ?[ A .(I \< ie / "3# X 1 “.+ 9p \ / .> ; p~) < % R f * 0 R* Things that make the Prayer Void: The things which make the prayer void include: (1) Whatever makes the Ablution Void: Because purification is a condition for correctness of prayer. As mentioned above, if the purification becomes void, the prayer will also become void. (2) Revealing the Coverable Organs: Because hiding the coverable organs is a condition for correctness of prayer as you know. If the hidden part is revealed deliberately [during prayer], the prayer will become void. (3) Turning the Face away from the Ka’aba: Because facing towards it is a condition for correctness of prayer except the person lacking knowledge. If he knows it and does so deliberately, his prayer will become void. (4) Deliberate Increase or Decrease in the Parts: Since the [rituals of] worship are appointed by Allah, therefore it is not allowed to increase or decrease them. If someone does so deliberately, his prayer will become void. (5) Doing some Parts before its preceding Parts: The sequence of parts is itself a part of prayer as you know. If a person does something before [its predecessor] or does it after [its next part], he violates the sequence and his prayer becomes void. (6) Canceling the Intention or Intending to come out of Prayer: The intention [for prayer] and keeping the intention throughout the prayer is a condition for correctness of prayer, therefore, if a person cancels it or intends to come out of prayer, his prayer becomes void. (7) Talking about something other than Prayer: If a person talks deliberately and knowingly about prohibition of talk during prayer, his prayer becomes void. As mentioned in the Hadith of Zaid Ibn Arqam, he said: “We used to talk during prayer. A person from us used to talk to his friend standing at his side. Then the verse ‘Stand in front of Allah obediently’ revealed and we were instructed to remain silent and were forbidden to talk during prayer.” Entire group of [of compilers] reported it except Ibn Maja.
Explanation
Word
c
He violated
É ) %
Negation, voiding Keeping it continued We talk
:& Z p
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation Turning face away Established by Allah Doing something before something Doing something after something
159
Word
1 <:% q& J >F >*H Z E%: H c
Explanation It makes void
Word
R 4 ?E
Things that make void
; 94?
It breaks
6
Revealing
! Level 03
Lesson 9B: The Law of Prayer
)" # 9A < . [ / R 9 ªK"3# ª % :,N 1a 898 / )"# R 9A R " !H # e 9 \% # H # C G .I Z% pR >% / y >% k 1% 'U , Z% <% Le ” :º H ( n ~È .5 "I% { .~) p < ?8 :% Ö i 9 \ # H C G .I ZRp>/ y >% ” : 4# \< " R* :2 * > \ < %E M R E:d : .~) \ (4:101 $ ). ) “... F \ EQ Z% pR .F# E # Z% F# c 0 = Y : H J * : A ” :2 lL \/ Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 ) (. ?% 3 / " ?% 3 / :2 “¬ . \ :% Ö F \EQ ZRp.F# E ZF# c # e . F) , 9 * >/ ! / R '= " I% : 5 "%I{ .P1 ? ie / "3# X 1 “.( * : A R?*# Zp>/ < ( D I ªJ c1 N J .& QN ( @"# , i 3F , % * 9 ª# R >/ <~ < "# ) F) , 9 % * : F) , % Z p[ Z& (>/ 0 A 2 & P :N \/ O E # ie J d >dA ( H9 F) , >/ <~ ZH \" .(>/ Z& (>/ 0 A 2 & :" + "H%{ \ R 6 # HgH ~OdE 0 U e” : Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 2 * 2 * "./ 0 ,-1 "/ \ < M E:d lL .2 d# X Q N , (>/ O 3 E >* ªlQ < Z 8> “.( " } h/ HgH # ~Od E "” :E 1 , . " d >dA , " E%h c \ < ?[ \ < : "%[ X 1 “.( > HgH # X p# E " ( c 1 The Chapter of the Prayer of a Traveler The prayer of a traveler consists of three matters i.e. reducing prayers, joining prayers and praying on a vehicle or animal. First – Reduction: The reduction [of prayer] is provided by the Book [i.e. the Quran], the Sunnah and the Consensus. Regarding the statement of Quran, it is in the words of Allah: “When you travel in the land, there is no harm that you reduce your prayer, if you fear that the unbelievers will harm you …”. Regarding the Sunnah, it is in the Hadith of Ya’laa Ibn Ummayah, he said: I said to U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab: “There is no harm that you reduce your prayer, if you fear that the unbelievers will harm you – now people live peacefully [so why should we reduce the prayer]?” He said: I also surprised as you have surprised. Then I asked Allah’s Apostle about that. He replied: “This is a charity, Allah has given to you, so accept His charity.” The group [of compilers] reported it except Bukhari. Regarding the Consensus, so entire [Muslim] nation has agreed upon the legitimacy of reduction in prayer during traveling. Instructions about Reduction [in prayer] while Traveling: The prayer will be reduced in travel (here it means the prayer of 4 Rak’at only [which will reduce to 2], there is no reduction in Fajr [having 2 Rak’at] and Maghrib [having 3 Rak’at]. This reduction is a Sunnah [of the Prophet] and an allowance. It is preferred opinion that the reduction is better than full prayer because the Prophet did so forever. If a person completes 4 Rak’ats, his prayer will be correct but he has deviated from the guidance of the Prophet and did wrong. It is also said that it is obligatory to reduce the prayer. That is in the Hadith of Ibn U’mar, he said that the Prophet said: “Surely Allah loves that you get advantage of his allowances as He dislikes that you commit His disobedience.” Ahmed, Ibn Habban, Ibn Khuzaima reported in their Saheeh. In a report, [the words include]: “As He loves that you fulfill His full instructions.”
Explanation Doing it forever
Word
: Z 8E
He did wrong Not getting advantage of reduction is religious obligations. Plural of J " E%h / , opposite to c1 Completing
Z } h/ + "H% {
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Word
R?*#
Accept! Prayers of 4 Rak’at
Reduction in religious obligations, plural È G c 1
R >/ <~ J c1 D I
Preferred
160
Explanation
Word
It comprises of
R " !H
Reduction in prayers
%
You feel danger of
Z% F# c
They will create problem for you
Z% pR .F# E
I amazed
?% 3 / Level 03
Lesson 9B: The Law of Prayer :2R E # l L , R < 6 . 9 (> H PQ F) )" : E:dH Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. .& , i Z E%p n , % E Z : R ) .( > H 9 ¶F& Z) E Z . ¶F& ") E jR , 9 H “...k 1' ³ Z<% Le ” :º H ( X : < \ V c Le ie k 1' , ¶<1 - R pE i (' ª(E* \ ( I c QR . R:?E ¬,.E R: ?E . 9 ZE # ie ( 3E i Qa .>d X : < ºe / L ªF) $ < ,.E M R E:[ lL / R >: $ ! @"# \%>< l Q ª z| \ >% < K "% 3 # )" È c E # + 9&{ ) % E \% :\ >% H9 \ >% < K "3# Ö ¶> 8 e ª " .>< K " 3 2 h ZR8 ª * ºe % |z c y "! ´ EhH ?% * d H1% Le Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 ” :2 * (./ 0 ,-1 y a [ @"# cg E ª ".>< K " 3> % * ºe | cg E >% ) (>/ 3/ Le” :Za )" ª(>/ mF “.O 1 ZR8 | A [ E # ?* y "! “.m F ! O >@E \ >% [ $ ! f< .>< K " 3E Distance for the Reduction: The limit of distance to reduce prayers is not described in the Venerable Quran or the Sunnah of the Prophet. The rule is that the prayer will be reduced in everything that is named a “travel”. If it cannot be named as a “travel” [like in case of short trip], the prayer will not be reduced. When the Reduction will start and when it will finish? The reduction will start when he [the traveler] will come out of his town because he does become a ‘traveler’ in the land unless he come out of his town. As in Allah’s words, “If you travel at land ….” The reduction will finish at the end of the trip i.e. when he returns to his town, then it will not be allowed for him to not complete the prayer. Second – Joining Prayers: From the ease of Islam is that it gives allowance to the traveler to join Zuhr and A’sr prayers. Similarly [he can also join] the Maghrib and I’sha prayers. The argument for that is in the Hadith of Anas, he said: “When Allah’s Prophet used to travel before coming down of sun, he used to delay the Zuhr prayer until the time of A’sr. Then he used to dismount and join both of these [prayers]. If the sun came down before his departure, he used to pray Zuhr before riding.” Agreed upon. In the words of Muslim, “When he was in hurry during travel, he used to delay the Zuhr prayer till the time of A’sr and then used to join both of them. He used to delay Maghrib to join it with I’sha until the twilight disappeared [and the time of I’sha started].
2 is added before a 51 6 , it specifies it to the past tense. If a is added after it, it creates extreme emphasis. For example .% E means “he helps or will help” while .% > means “He helps” and .% > and means “With extreme surety, he will help.” Rule of the Day! If the word
Explanation It came down
Word
Explanation
Word
¶<1 -
Traveler
) % E
Explanation Distance
R )
It does not come
% E Z : E:dH
He hurried
3/
Ease
Departure
>% )
A reduction is provided
È c E
Limitation
It is delayed
cg E
He mounted
d H1%
Rule
It disappears
O >@E
Its coming down
The red light on horizon after sunset, the twilight
m F !
Quranic Arabic Program
´ EhH c
He delayed
161
Word
It is named It starts
R < 6 ") E R: ?E Level 03
Lesson 9B: The Law of Prayer / R 9 : w 8 .lL d 1a "[ a @% < a \% J < pH e l L d ¶1 4* J 1 >& J } J .>F& RpH # e R [ : [ “¬.>F) , ,jA R >” :Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. & :2 * "/ \ < M E:d lL / 1 :R K 6 EF , > + > O 3 > N d R .>F) .\ >% >! b / D G >dA 2 * Z d# ~,.4*1 : X 1 “.Y @ B H # ie "} * jA ” :2 * ºe Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. > \ < E
1 " X d [ 4 " # 1a Q ie >/ R <p"# R 9 ~D H 9 X d a \ R < : (>/ 0 A ~,?. + : H ZR8 9 + * L jLg " # R 9 ; 6 d Z. F& \ R ? Z* \ $= ") ª( [ 1 / N ª(< dA N ma >6 .Z N :./ (>/ R " :2 * ªPQ : "%[ X 1 “.5 R \ F c 3~) R 3E $ "E%e ,%E Z< Z& Third – Performing Prayer on a Vehicle or Animal: The vehicle can be a boat, an airplane, a bus, a train etc. An Animal may be a horse, a mule, a donkey etc. Regarding the boat [bus, airplane, train] etc. it is essential to stand in the obligatory prayers, if possible. As mentioned in the Hadith of Ibn U’mar, he said that he asked the Prophet: “How should I pray in a boat?” He replied: “Pray while standing except if you fear drowning [due to falling down by movement of the boat].” Dar Qutni and Hakim reported it and said that it is authentic on the criteria of the two great scholars [i.e. Bukhari & Muslim]. Regarding the animal like a horse etc, it is not correct to perform the obligatory prayer on it except in case of a valid reason like rain or mud etc. As reported by Ya’ala Ibn Ummayah that the Prophet entered into a narrow way with his companions and he was riding on an animal. There was [rain on the] sky above them and mud below them. The [time of] prayer came and he instructed the Caller to give call for the prayer. Then the Prophet moved ahead and performed prayer with them by signals. He was [signaling for] prostration lower than [those for] bowing down.” Ahmed and Tirmidhi reported it and said: People of knowledge act according to it.
Face the Challenge! What is the difference between the impact of " and added to a
51 6?
Worth Reading Developing trust is very important. How and why? Read more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE03-0012-Trust.htm Explanation
Word
Explanation
Mud
R ?
Mule
He made call for prayer
L
Donkey
Word
a @% <
Explanation
Word
Ship or boat
J .>F&
1a "[
Airplane
J }
He moved forward
+ : H
Drowning
Y @
Car or bus
J 1 >&
He gave gestures
,%E
Rain
4 " #
Train
¶1 4*
Gesturing
$ "E%e
Mud
[
Animal
Narrow way
ma >6
Horse
Lower than
F c
Quranic Arabic Program
162
J < a Level 03
Lesson 10A: Instructing and Forbidding Verbs
The Result (1) Compare the result. Each line carried four marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test. Now also derive the meanings and make complete tables yourself.
27
+
27
+ - [
+ O}
Meaning
1:
To provide as sustenance
() Y G % 1
Y % E i
Y % E i
Y % >
Y % 1R
Y % >
:% 3 ) % E i
:% 3 ) % E i
:% 3 ) % >
:% 3 &% R
:% 3 ) % >
2# E i
2# R E i
2# > (R*) 2# R* R
2# R >
% gE i
% E i
% g>
% $R
% >
K% I E i
K% I E i
K% I >
K% I 1e
K% I >
To return
(B) 5 G I 1
% p ! % E i
% pR ! % E i
% p ! % >
% pR b% R
% pR ! % >
To be thankful
() G pb
:% ?E i
:% ?E i
:% ?>
:% ?/U R
:% ?>
To worship
% | .E i
% |R .E i
% | .>
% |R U R
% |R .>
To see, to think, to wait
() G |#
Z% % E i
Z% % E i
Z% % >
Z% /% e
Z% % >
To know
() ZG # /
:% !E i
:% !E i
:% !>
:% be
:% !>
To observe
O % @E i
O % @E i
O % @>
O % e
O % @>
To dominate
y % 3E i
y % 3E i
y % 3>
y % Ie
y % 3>
To prostrate
() T: 3 % &
To say
() 2J *
To instruct / request
() G
To sit
() T ?/
() T b (k) T?# (k) T) # I
Worth Reading What is glamour and what is its impact on human personality? Read more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0011-Glamor.htm
Quranic Arabic Program
163
Level 03
Lesson 10A: Instructing and Forbidding Verbs
The Result (2) Compare the result. Each line carried four marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
,</
English
RR* ./ 1 RR H i . n \ EQ ~E E " &% % |R
O believers! Don’t say “Ra’inaa (favor us)”, but say, “Unzurna (consider us)” and listen.
l < b l e % |R
So look at your food and drinks.
H% " # , d % H >% ,1 q 1
O Lord! Show me how will You give life to dead? He said, “So take four birds. Then train them to follow your direction. Then (mix their minced meat after slaughtering them and then) keep them over each of these mountains. Then call them, Allah will definitely bring them to you rapidly.
Z8R l >% e \N % >% 4 \% <1% Q# 2 * \ / % Z8R $%hI \ .% a ?I jR / # I%
>%& l .>H# E \% ( N% Y % 1% .n :< QN # I% q 1 ; " w
O Lord! Make this city peaceful and provide sustenance to its inhabitants with fruits. O Lord! Make us submissive for you.
l \ >% " ) % .# I% .<1
And show us the way of our worship and accept our repentance.
.>% / O % H .p & . 1 ?% * Z% pR H>< R I%
And make your homes the direction of prayers.
k 1% 'U \ } hc / ,.# I%
Make me (the administrator of) the treasures of earth. So go out (of this city). I am among your wellwishers.
f d A . \% l ,qe V % c%
So We said, “Strike the stone with your stick.”
3 d # W < % % .# R l <1 . 5 % R *
They said, “Call your Lord for us.”
6 % ?< X < % .# R
Then We said, “Strike it with its part. Face the Challenge! What is the difference between the impact of [
Quranic Arabic Program
ªLe ª, ª added to a 51 6 ?
164
Level 03
Lesson 10A: Instructing and Forbidding Verbs
,</
English
L'U q\" # < Z% pR H *: A R4 ?% H i
Don’t make void your charity by reminders of your generosity and injuring feeling (of recipient.)
X ?# Ó") a I e \a E%: < Z% .E :H Le 2 :% # < O G H Z% pR .>% < O % p# >#
Whenever you lend for a fixed period, so write it. And a writer should write with justice. So he should write and he should dictate that what is right.
~md # ( >% / PQ # "% ># O % p# >#
%>b ( .% y % ?% E i
And don’t decrease something from it. And don’t place a burden on us as You have placed it on those who were before us.
/ ( # " [ " %Ae .>% / # " d % H i
. ?% * \% \ EQ
And excuse us, and forgive us and be Merciful to us. You are our Lord, so help us over the infidel group.
i% % ."% [ 1% . % F # ./ /% \ E p# + % # / %
.E%: N L# e : % < .<R*R Ì # h H i .<1
O Lord! Don’t deviate our hearts after You have guided us.
1 . Q/ .* .<LR . % F #
So forgive our sins and save us from the fire punishment. So write our (name) among the observers.
\ E:N ! K .?% #
And don’t make us shameful on the day of judgment.
> # + % E h % H i f " | + % # K .# 3 % H i .<1
O Lord! Don’t make us within the offender group.
K , 1% P:3 &% l q< ,.*# Z E% E f
O Marry! Be submissive to your Lord and prostrate and bow down with those bow down.
.% W I % >
To bring you out from it. He is the One Who sends blessings upon you along with His angels to bring you out from the darkness to the light. Rule of the Day! In a
E PQ N Z% pR I % > ( p }9 Z% pR >% / ,j 1 ~. e ; "R |z \%
, the last letter is silent. If there is a \E ª at the end, its is deleted.
Quranic Arabic Program
165
Level 03
Lesson 10A: Instructing and Forbidding Verbs
,</
English And they should put their veils over their bosoms and they should not show their charms other than their husbands.
\ E:?% E i \ <>I / \N " < \ <% 6 % ># \ ? ie \ .E
They should not strike their feet so that the charm (of their body) they hide is known.
\% f F % E Z % > \ I 1% < \ <% 6 % E i \ .E . g% " # ~E >"I ( e <H
Repent to Allah collectively, O believers!
Z% pR .% E'U dp
Arrange marriage of the singles among you.
$ @?# / Z% pR H > N p# H i
Don’t coerce your girls on adultery. So wipe your faces and hands with it. Allah does not intend to make a trouble for you.
: EE ( .% Z% pR E:E% Z% pR N I < d) % V a [ \% Z% pR >% / 3 % > (
So whoever expects meeting his Lord, so he should perform good deeds. And don’t associate anyone in the worship of his Lord.
9 " / # " % ># ( q<1 $U I% E \% " :[ ( q<1 ? < W% ! % E i d A Q# H Z% pR 3 % .
So that We make it a topic for discussion. ( So whoever wants so he should believe, and whoever wants so he should deny. And they were not instructed except to worship One God. (2 used in the meaning of “to”) I have not created the giants and human beings except to worship. (2 used in the meaning of “to”) So they should worship the Lord of this home. (2 used in the meaning of “should”)
% FR p# ># $U b \% \% g% ># $U b \% " :[ e :?% > ie R :?% > ie y { \3 # # c >% ?# QN 1 :?% >#
Rule of the Day If a
2
is added before a
deleted, then it is
51 6
and its last letter is silent or its
\E ª
are
. If it carries a fathah, then it is 51 6 and the meaning
of “so that” are added.
Quranic Arabic Program
166
Level 03
Lesson 10A: Instructing and Forbidding Verbs
,</
English
( ?# * , PQ K " 4# > 2 % # < \ % 6 % H 9
% i % * \ # *R k G
So don’t be complaisant while talking (with the men), lest the one in whose heart is a decease may thereby be encouraged, and talk (to them) using suitable good words. And establish the prayer, and pay Zakat, and follow Allah and His prophet. (instructions to women)
( \ % h f Hn 9 \ "% * ( &1
Verily, Allah decides to take from you the moral filth fro you, O family of Prophet!, and to purify you completely.
N% y I% q Z% pR .% / O N Q# > ( : EE "e o4# H Z% R q4 E >% ?#
And recall what is recited in your homes from Allah’s verses and wisdom.
( ; En \% \pR H>< , % E % R L# " p# d #
This is the communication for the people, so that they are warned with it and they should know that He is the One God.
" " % > ( < 1Q .> . Ì J 9< QN :G [ (G e N
And for each nation, We have prescribed the way of sacrifice, so that they should pronounce Allah’s name on what He has provided them as food.
( Z &% R Q# > p).% .# I a R jpR Z% * 1 /
Verily, we believe in our Lord so that He forgives us our mistakes. He should forgive. (note the difference of
% F @% >.)
E 4c . F @% > .q< < . n e
F @% > and
If you will stretch your hand towards me so that you kill me, I will not be stretching my hands towards you.
% F @% > a & ?< ,. # W : E ,e 4)< \% l >% e P:E
Face the Challenge! What is the difference between a 2 (with fathah) and a 2 (with kasrah)? What are different uses of both of them?
Quranic Arabic Program
167
Level 03
Lesson 10B: Arabic Idioms The Result: Calculate your score. Each paragraph carries 10 mark. If your score is less than 80%, repeat the exercise. The translation is provided for each paragraph. Text in parenthesis [ ] is the information not describe in the original Arabic text but its sense is understood.
Zpd # 2R w% 'U
Idioms & Words of Wisdom
Z '= !> B 9c < 2R w' H ª F% Ó>* 1 h .% ' >[ 1 q H ª(>?! % A .% " # dA x F 3%E< "H J >F A % J " I : 2 w' ... QpN ª H >[ \ J ! % R w R E d? ' E d >< \ R w K ?.% H ªRE %d R =' . R [ , >< 2 w' \ ow ° z :>% " # K " I :* . > 1 , R d# ( ?! % H a [ , 6 % E D ?A ª.) ' / 5 L > >* a .> a 8 d< R w" # ?H% E :,E 2 w' \ .“2 w' K " 3 % ” : ") " # ( < Idioms: These are the sentences containing attributes that are distinguished for concise words, right meaning and right parables. They draw a picture of the life of a nation and its rising or declining condition. Idioms differ with a difference in the economy, conditions and circumstances of a nation. The idioms of a nation living in a desert will come out from its environment while those of a nation living near sea will be derived from its life and so on…. Idioms are connected to a specific event. They are said for it and then spread over tongues. Then they are described in each condition similar to that in which they were said [first]. Maidani has collected a lot of Arabic idioms in his book named “Collection of Idioms”. From the idioms, some are as follows:
Rule of the Day
# e is added before a 51 6 , it makes it conditional. For example .% E means “he helps or will help” while % .% E # e means “If he helps, …”. The sentence will not be
If the word
complete without the result of condition.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
It connects
?H% E
It gives a picture of
Incident, accident
a 8 [
Progress
5 L
It spreads It is described
6 % E
It is similar to
( ?! % H
Condition, state It is brought
Quranic Arabic Program
R d# 1
Word
1 q H
Ó>* 1 !>
Economy
R
Its conditions Related to desert
R E %d
K ?.% H
It comes out
><
Its environment
168
Explanation
Word
Idioms
2R w% 'U
Words of wisdom
Zpd #
Sentences Describing some attributes Conciseness
J " I J >F A % 3%Ee
Right
A
Parables
(>?! % Level 03
Lesson 10B: Arabic Idioms
2 wÖ%'U :i
First: Idioms
F! [ K >?H :."# . "% R%1 : ! d # . ) 3# ?# q d d# >% # / 2z : H ,N ª>p \ % / :R >p ¬a > $U & F![ (1) .\ >% N p \ >% % c f< K " 3 % E \" 9w 6E ¬a> $U & R >% p H (1) Are you giving inferior quality with less measure? Al-Keelah: It is on the weight of “Fi’lah” from the 2
P W.
It describes the form and condition like riding or sitting. Hasf: The inferior quality dates. The meaning of “Are you giving inferior quality with less measure?” This idiom is described for the person who has two bad habits.
Le >)" # \ / Ka F H a p , : & ¾ Fd % H J F# [ ,N ª a><% K"I : <~h . 9>& 9 >% & $= "# 2 & : 2 E .$ "# R EI :R >% ) .<~h R >% ) ´ < (2) .:d # I " 9 w 6E . 1 I E* R >) @ < L $= "# NR% E i R >< RA ªX: >A 1 (2) The flood has reached at untouchable point. Sail: Flow of water. It is said: Water flooded with a heavy flood.
Al-Zuba: It is plural of ><. It is the hole dug for hunting a lion at a place higher to that of flood. Its origin is >< , the water does not reach it by increasing up to that point. The flood can only reach there if it is very powerful and overwhelming. This idiom is described when someone crosses the limit.
.( / R* ?* % ¾ U :/% ä 9w 6E .+ q) $= / ,N ª . K "I :\ } .p ., % :$ q .\ } .p ¾%"H $ q ?% * (3) (3) Arrow-cases filled before shooting arrows. Al-Rimaa: It is shooting arrows. Al-Kanain: It is plural of .. It means a case of arrows. This idiom is described for preparation before happening of an event.
Explanation
Word
NR% E
It reaches it by increasing the level
Explanation
\ >% N p
Two bad
Overwhelming
1 I
Flood
He trespassed
I
Untouchable point
Shooting arrows
$ q
Flow
Case of arrows
R >% ) <~h R EI
Explanation Useless, poor quality product
Word
F![
Bad
$U &
Measure
a >
Shape, form
>% #
\ } .p
It flooded
2 &
Riding
?# q
$= /
Hole, dig
J F# [
Sitting
) 3#
It is dug
Fd % H
Worse
R%1
Ka F H
Dates
"%
Case Arrows
Word
+ q)
Preparing
:/% e
High
Its happening
( / R*
Place of flood
>)" # R ><
Hill
Quranic Arabic Program
169
You sell You measure
K >?H R >% p H Level 03
Lesson 10B: Arabic Idioms .(d : E%< (v ) "N d 3 d #
< .,) * G #* :V (M R g H Q H) .+ q) < H 2a 9N >% N / R n : % . E1 < % # /% (4) .Y#Qd # % " # N% < " / &9 9w 6E .1a < (4) Give the bow to its inventor: Al-Qaus: It is the instrument having shape of a new moon. Arrows are shoot with it. (It is used as both masculine & feminine). Plural:
,)* *. Sharpening a stick or a stone or similar thing is
called E< which means sharpening it. This idiom is described for getting help in a task from its expert and skilled people.
. # W % ! \ ,.3 % H i l e (5) i W ! ; ? " 9 >"I $~) PL : ./ : 3H i : ."# . ?.% \ .H : ¶>.% I ¶.I .XÊ "% w .I .O . ?./ l >4% E (5) You cannot grow grapes from thorns: Jana: Growing fruits from its tree etc. Its meaning is: You cannot find a beautiful thing with a bad person like thorns cannot give you grapes.
Z p Öd# : > 8
Second: Words of Wisdom
\/ H Z p d # .W R~) O I \ O I ºe ">& >IH R " dE < 3 % P# L (< m4.E ª>% ? m >* ªpF O } A hG I 2J * :Zpd # : ,E Zpd # \ . 8 <1 3H H ?% c . \ a F} \/ ¶? 1 : H a * a 8 d< & & , ?H% H i , 2 w' Words of Wisdom: It is summarized words having a good thought and deep interpretation. People having ideas and experience speak them and it carries a sound interpretation from intellectual aspect. The words of wisdom are different from idioms because they do not originate from an incident or story. They originate from a group of people having information, experience and good manners. Some words of wisdom are as follows:
Explanation People having ideas
Word
P# L
Explanation
Word
,.3 % H
You grow
< 3 %
Thorns
W % !
"dE
Grapes
Interpretation
>IH
Eating it
Sound, intact
">&
Experience It carries
Summarized
<1 3H
Its culture, its education
Quranic Arabic Program
8
The moon of 1st night of a month
2a 9N
.H
It is considered masculine
Q H M R g H
He made sharp
& &
Its experience
O . #
; ?
Its base
Deep, difficult
Stick
m >*
Help
&
Knowledge
% " #
Skill, expertise
Y#Qd #
m4.E
He speaks
170
<
hG I >% ?
Interpretation
% #
E1 <
It is considered feminine
Vegetation, plants
Word
Its inventor
?.%
W) 1 : H
Bow
Its place of growth, nursery, garden
Wisdom
It is released
Explanation
Level 03
Lesson 10B: Arabic Idioms : . " # + )d # K *# \ $ % " # / : 6 Ó:b <% R # PL Z # R (1) .: E:d # >% c : .# : E:[ \ 5 ."# >) : : . " # .K >) : + )d # .Z#'U K I : - 6" # .< :<% R . >A ' >) <% \ y F# . / ¶"# : b ( " [% 1 PL ( } <*# \ ){ ºe H Le ZR| e : / ! 2 E : >? . (1) Cruelty to relatives is the hardest pain. For the affected person, it is like an Indian sword. Qurba: Relationship. Al-Madada: Pain and agony. Al-Husaam: Sharp sword. Al-Muhannad: The sword made from the iron of India that was the best iron. Meaning of the verse: The poet says that when offence comes to a person from his relatives especially the bloodrelations, it gives him a pain harder than the hit of an original sword.
>"I ( E:H% E $a 1 z pR R :(-% / + g% z \ y % :% E Z $= % " # Le (2) \ /' % q. )E PQ w :$ q .R ) # U$ : :+ g% z .B ! :k% . y G ª(-% / y :2 E .y G :1:"# .É & H :y .()? :$U q
:H1% .Z)3# lQ Le v k% yq: E y F. È R .E R \/ :>< ( ( H >% & , FEb ª(*9c , :>"[ Le ){ e : / ! 2 E : >? å . >jw $U P1 y ? . \ >/% , ZG >|/ (2) When the honor of a person is not badly affected by meanness, then whatever shawl he wears, looks beautiful. Danisa: Becoming filthy, its
1:
is
y.
It is said, ‘his honor is badly affected. Al-I’rd: Honor. Al-Luum:
Ignobility and wickedness. Al-Rida: The cloth that covers the upper half of the body. Irtadar Rida: He wore it. Meaning of the Verse: The poet says that when a person is good in his character, noble in his manners and acts, he goes far from whatever can harm his personality and affect his honor badly. It happens when he is considered great in people’s eyes although he has worn inferior cloths.
Explanation Dirt, filth, impurity
Word
y G
Explanation
Z [% 1 PL
Blood relatives
Ignobility
U$ :
Original, genuine
Wickedness
R ) #
It does not become dirty
He covers
)E
Meanness, blames
He wrapped
:H1%
His honor
It reduces
È R .E
Shawl
Eyes, plural of f/ Inferior
\ >/% $U P1
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
Explanation
Word
Extreme pain
6
>A'
Sword
+ )d #
y % :% E Z
Indian
: . " #
+ g% z
Agony
K I
(-% / $a 1
Pain Manufactured
Z#'U 5 ."#
He wraps with it (shawl)
( E:H% E
Iron, steel
: E:[
It became dirty
É & H
India
: .#
171
Level 03
Lesson 10B: Arabic Idioms
E )" # P:Ö%?H % ~) \ >% / Ó\p :J > O a >% / jR \/ -q \ >% Ö/ (3) .È } . O E " # : P Ö)" # .X # :$U ,!
:<% .F> J > , ª1R|."# mj d H Z : \ >% .%~) :- : -q \ >% / . >b
H pH i , 6 E"# >p \ >% < R pH ( ?b% , ª ?d"# >/ ?% H pH i -q qOd # \ >% / e : / ! 2R E :>? . . > | . \ q" H ./ M R d ?% H ' P ) " # > \ , F c |# H , % ) @% ? (3) The sight of pleasure is tired to see any defect but the sight of anger shows all faults. Al-Rida: It is opposite to اﻝ. Kallat al-A’ain: If the eye does not search for any defect in the seen object, it is tired and weak. Abda Al-shai: Showing it. Al-Masawee: Defects and faults. Meaning of the Verse: The poet says that the sight of love and pleasure does not become looking at the faults of beloved person. It is similar to that the eye becomes tired or unhealthy that cannot see anything. As far as the sight of hatred and rage is concerned, it makes hidden defects and faults apparent because it searches and examines deeply into it.
+ :Ö Z d % R 1ÖA ie m ?% E Z% : X gR G % ªG % F R Ö) (4) .J : Ö# V .O : gRF pE ( ?b% +a Za d % \ ¶qp ¶") % I < ¶ )e \% pR E Z "N: # (( /) X g ( ) : \ >% >% ! < J )e ){ e :/ ! 2 E: >? . . >d # < (4) The tongue of a young man is half, and the heart is remaining half. Except both of them, nothing remains except the form of meat and blood. Al-Fuad: Heart, plural أة. Meaning of the Verse: The poet says that a person is a human being due to two things: His tongue and his heart (his intellect). If both of them are lost, he becomes only a body formed by meat and blood which is similar to an animal.
Face the Challenge! Why the words related to any verb are 14 and those for nouns are only 6? Compare the noun-tables with the verb-tables and identify the difference. Explanation
Word
M R d ?% H
It searches for
Explanation
1 R|."#
Seen object
It examines
\ q" H
It showed
Heart
gR
Defects
Word
#
Explanation Pleasure, love
Word
-q
Defect
O a >% /
O E " #
Fatigued, tired
J >
It does not remain
m ?% E Z%
Weaknesses
È } .
Anger, discontent
% ~)
Meat
Z d %
It does not become
pH i
It shows
P:Ö%?H
+ :
Blood Both of them lacked
"N:
Formed, shaped
Quranic Arabic Program
¶qp
?% H
It watches
@% ?
Hatred, rage
|# H
It shows
172
Defects, ills, evils It became tired It does not verify
E )" # mj d H Z Level 03
Lesson 10B: Arabic Idioms $= Ödj , < Ö ?% E :a >% Ö< Ö>d % &% $= % Ö£ r >E (5) $= Ö>Öd# O ÖNL Le >Ö: i :o Gcr >% ÖÖ ³ 0 9 $ Ö!H K% .Ö%A , d % Ö%)H Z% : , Ö>Ö Ö?Ö* / r % H Z Le .\h : ,Ö > < £ . J >d # V .$,b j ! % * : $ dj , N | ! % R w )ä $= >d# ª >"3 # ( < n ¶h # (< pq)" + a >% < r >E F A ( R c $U >d # R 3E PQ ){ e : ; ><' å . R >~: \ >d# \ >% # O N L $= >d# O N L # ª$ >d# < ie Z > ) % H i >d # lL ªW9# \ 3 ! / ,"d % H f[ Z& (>/ ( A Z E%p 2R & Y : A .$ !E F# ># FA ( R c $ >d# \ QR E i + E' ( R FH "< i $ >d# < , ?E i PQ R ){ .$ >?' M E [ , ~P1 ? X 1 “. # b K.A % ,%d) % H Z Le” : 2R E (5) A man does not live good without modesty. If the cortex of a plant is removed, only a stick [not a live plant] remains. By God! When modesty has gone, there is no good in the life of world. When you don’t care about the result of nights [time] and you are not modest, then do whatever you want. Al-Laha: Cortex [outermost part of the stem of a plant] of everything, plural ! "اﻝ. Nights means time. Meaning of the Verses: The person who makes modesty his habit and part of his character, he lives good until the time he remains devoted to it and comply with good manners. The modesty for a person is like the outer cortex that defend the stem of a tree from loss of life. The life cannot remain straight without modesty. When the modesty is lost, righteousness go out of life and the world. Regarding the person who does not care about modesty in his days and don’t make the modesty a part of his habit and character, then he should do whatever he wants. The Venerable Prophet said the truth: “When you have no modesty, then do whatever you want.” Bukhari reported it in the Ahadith of Prophets.
Rule of the Day! There are certain words, whose I
O form is the same. They are called o B.. Similarly some words have the same form in all three cases. They are called ,.?. Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Complying to
¶h #
Nights, plural of >
, >
Manners
n
You become modest
, d % ) % H
It defends, it protects
,"d % H
Do, make
Damage, harm
He lives
Word
r >E
Being modest
>d % &%
K% .A %
Cortex of a plant
$= dj
You want
$U !H
You fear, you are careful
r % H
! % *
Result
?* /
It becomes straight
Z > ) % H
Cortex of a plant
He does not care
, ?E i
Devoted to, adhered to
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
173
pq)" Level 03
Lesson 11A: The Derived Nouns
!"# $= "&% '
The Result Compare the result. Each line carried four marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
Z%&
,</
English
R" % H "/ a @< (
Allah is not unaware of what you do.
I ªQ :[ ª/
f @ Z% & 1 \% / .R # e
We were unaware of their teaching.
O ªQ K¼ ª/ Those who repent, the worshippers, those who praise (Allah), travelers (to see Allah’s signs), those who bow down, those who prostrate, those who instruct to do good and those who forbid of evil and protectors of Allah’s limit.
K1 ªQ K¼ ª/
d} ) : d# :< # ?} B % " # < :I ) :d R| d# p ."# \% / N . ( \ E:< / .
They were worshippers.
O ªQ K¼ ª/
f d A .# I 9R
We made all of them righteous.
O ªQ K¼ ª/
F >c k 1% 'U , J / I ,qe
I am maker of a viceroy in the earth.
K1 ªQ :[ ª/
; # f #
Obedient men and obedient women
O ªMg Q K¼ ª/ True men and true women
; * f *
Steadfast men and steadfast women
; < \ E< ; b # f b #
Submissive men and submissive women
; "} f " }
Men who fast and women who fast Protector men of their sexual organs and protector women. Those men who remember Allah too much and those women who remember Allah.
; Q ow ( \ E Q
O ªMg Q K¼ ª/
Quranic Arabic Program
; | d# Z% I R f | d#
174
Level 03
Lesson 11A: The Derived Nouns
Z%&
!"# $= "&% '
,</
English
i F# ( %
Allah’s instruction was going to be happened.
O ªQ :[ ª2F Whether it is less or more, (they shall be entitled to) their legitimated share.
-F# ?> wR % ( .% *
(It is unlawful to eat) that is dead or blood running out.
[RF) % % >% RpE #
Set your faces (in the right direction) near each place of prostration (mosque).
:a 3 ) % jR : .% / Z% pR N I ">*
I ª:[ ªB So they are ones whose effort will be recognized.
1Rp! % Z% >% & l % R
Verily the Quranic recitation of Fajr prayer is observed.
! % 3 % F # n%*R e
So woe on the disbelievers from an observing place on that great day (of judgment).
Za >|/ +a % E : ! % \% F \ EQ J E%
I ª:[ ªB The Lord of the place of sunrise (East) and the place of sunset (West). I ª:[ ªB
@% " # Y ! % " # ~ 1
So We rescued him and who were with him in a burdened ark.
# FR # , ( \% X .>% æ d! % " # l
K1 ªQ K¼ ª2F And the birds gathered (in their flocks), all of them used to sing with him.
G ( R 1 !d % >% 4
O ªMg :[ ª2F
+ d % " # } ) m[ Z% % ,
And in their wealth, there is a right for the asking person and the deprived person.
d % \ d % # <
But we are deprived. That day, verily they will be veiled from the vision of their Lord.
"d % l ~<1 l w ?% E # )/
Soon your Lord will exalt you to the point that is praised. O ªQ :[ ª2F
Quranic Arabic Program
<3d % " Qa % E Z% q<1 \% / Z% e
175
Level 03
Lesson 11A: The Derived Nouns
Z%&
!"# $= "&% '
,</
English
They shall be in a thorn-less trees, gathered bananas, extended shade, and flowing out water.
I ªQ :[ ª2F
% f 8?% " < \ d
And we shall not be raised up.
I ªQ K¼ ª2F Jews said, “Allah’s hand is hanging.” (i.e. not able to do something.) O ªMg :[ ª2F
J R@% ( : E ># % * )?% X :E # <
Nay, His both hands are extended. (i.e. can do anything) O ªMg >.wH ª2F
L +G % E l L . ( 5 G "3 % +G % E l G ! %
That will be the day in which humankind will be gathered and that will be the Day of observation.
K1 ªQ :[ ª2F
\ E% d % ?# K " 3 % ´ R <% [
Until I reach at the joining place of two rivers.
O ª:[ ªB They said, “Should we leave our gods for the sake of a poet, who became mad.”
I ªQ :[ ª2F /
a .3 % a / ! . n R1 .} RR E p a RF % 1a & / f
They will recline on arranged couches.
I ªMg :[ ª2F
y "% ! K 4# ´ < Le
When he reached at rising place of sunrise.
O ª:[ ªB
R4# " # O 4
How weak is the seeker and demanded one.
K1 ªQ :[ ª2F /
1:# 1:* ( %
Allah’s decision was ordained.
Y a :% A : # ,
In the sitting place of truth.
+ > # , ; G 1# 1G [
Women of paradise confined in the camps.
K1 ªMg K¼ ª2F Whoever killed in a cruel way, so We have made his heirs powerful.
O ªQ :[ ª2F Quranic Arabic Program
ç .a 6.% D a # .a 6 % 1a :% & , a Rp) % $a .a :"%
176
4# & ( q> .# I :% R|# *R \% Level 03
Lesson 11A: The Derived Nouns
Z%&
!"# $= "&% '
,</
English
.p# " # g Rg% z 2 w%
Like the example of the hidden pearl.
I ªQ :[ ª2F Allah has described the example of an owned slave.
R"% :%?/ 9 w ( a ."% >% G I% Z%
For them, there will a non reminded reward.
a / ."% i a / R4# i
Neither cut and nor forbidden.
I ªMg :[ ª2F
a R a / R% t
Raised beds.
R & Z% .% o G w
Most of them are morally corrupt. The worst place of becoming or living (destination).
o " # y # < ; a :% +a E , ( R L#
Remember Allah in counted days. Each group of people have known their place of drinking. Whoever fears Allah, He shall make the place to come out for him. O ª:[ ªB
Z% < ! % a R z R Z / :% *
I % ( # 3 % E ( m E \% :a A % R Z% : *#
Sit for them at each observing place. Towards Him will be place of return for all of you.
>"I Z% pR I % ( >% e
Verily, Sheba in their place of living there is a sign.
J En Z% .p ) % , a?) :% a :% / ; .I , ?q> \ )
Pure places of living in gardens of Eden. I swear the Lord of the places of sunrise and the places of sunset.
I ªK¼ ªB Alas! Who has raised us from our place of sleeping.
Quranic Arabic Program
177
1 @" # Y 1 !" # q < Z ) *# R 9
: * % \% .w < \% . E% E
Level 03
Lesson 11B: Two Explorers of the Truth The Result: Calculate your score. Each paragraph carries 10 mark. If your score is less than 80%, repeat the exercise. The translation is provided for each paragraph. Text in parenthesis [ ] is the information not describe in the original Arabic text but its sense is understood.
(./ 0 ,-1 ,&1 F# R "&
Salman, the Persian
S :[ . P > 2 3£ ( ) F# "# ) W% . .X -1 (./ 0 ,-1 q,& 1 F "# & R * ª0 \ / M [ ? ª > d # $U 1 ,/ ) R * , N X Q N .* :R "& 2 * .Y : A ~Y ¢ ( E 1 ªm" / è X 1 ! ª(* QR . (>e 0 m # c O[ . . é ZN9/ ¶. N . ªE% N ¦ “ >I ” 2R E a E* \ ª ?A N \ ¶>&1 ¶ .% R .; >F y ?dH " / >!c >? ³ ,.) ?[ [ + E' / hE ~:! % E Æ ( ~?[ 2 Z8R ª;:% Our this story is the story of a searcher [who searched] beyond reality, a searcher about God. This is the story of Salman Farsi, may Allah be pleased with him and he pleased with Him. So we leave it to Salman himself, to describe the events of this story in his own way. His thinking is more deep and his description is more fine and true. Salman said: I was a Persian young body from the people of Isphahan, from a town called “Jayyan” and my father was the chief of that town. He was the most affluent in its inhabitants and the highest one in rank. Since I was born, I was the most beloved from him in Allah’s creatures. Then his love for me kept intensifying and increasing over time. He kept me in the hope due to his fear about me like girls are kept at home.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
ZN9/
The most difficult or fine
~Y
Our story
.*
Status
é
More or the most truthful
Y : A
Searcher
,/ )
Favorite
O[
I was
The highest among them
; :%
I was born
2
To vanish, to decrease
.% R ¶
A young man
¶>&1
Persian
He / it intensifies
~:! % E
Isphahan, a city in Iran
He / it increases
hE
A village
He imprisoned me, he kept me in custody
,.) ?[
a E*
2R E
It was called
Fear
>!c
Chief
She / it is kept in custody
y ?dH
More or the most affluent
Girls
; >F
Quranic Arabic Program
?A
N
Prosperity
178
Beyond Reality, physical world Researcher, a person in quest of something
$U 1 > ¹ M [ ?
So that we should leave
W% .
Field, domain
2 3£#
So that he describes
P >
Events
S :[
.
His perception, his thinking
X 1 b
¶.
Deeper, the deepest
m " / Level 03
Lesson 11B: Two Explorers of the Truth ~1: H J " >|/ J >- ,<' .1a a > ³ / & ? % H i Ô[ -e ¦ R >R ª N: ? .R , 1 . Z q>* ; % : Ô[ ª>& 3" # , ; :% I :* :2 ªJ b E ºe NQ \/ ( @ b a ; L , . ,.3 % E ª >/ + E ¦ ªJo ? .>/ y } . \ a ) >.p < ; 1% m E4 < ³ "> . . >- : *# I% “. b ,q./ + > 2 H >e O % N L# ª
H Î >6 \/ # @ b :* ,qe !,.< E” .,N ?% lL F z E ZN > ZH A % " )
1 . I used to strive hard in [performing rituals of] Magus religion up to the extent that I started morning by standing in front of fire that we used to worship. I was made responsible to ignite it in order to avoid any cool-off for a single minute day or night. My father had a great feudal property which used to give us plenty of grains. My father used to monitor it to earn its grains. At that time, this task kept him from going to the town to work. He said: “O my son! I am busy with this property as you see. So go to it and bring its news today.” So I came out with an intention to go to our property. I was on a part of the way when I passed by a Church of Christians. I heard sounds inside it while they were praying. That drew my attention.
Worth Reading! What is Jealousy and what is its impact on human personality? Read more: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0012-Jealousy.htm
Explanation
Word
H
You see So go
O % N L#
Explanation
Word
Grains, crops
J o ?
Big
>/ + E
Explanation
Word
I strived hard
; :% I
Magus, the ancient religion of Iran
>& 3£ ; % :
Take over
2 H
Its matters
b
He earns
,.3 % E
Standing
Z q>*
I intended to
: *#
Its grains
The fire,
1 .
They stood on it
Way
m E4
At that time
I passed by
; 1%
He was busy in it
Church, plural y} .
a ) >.
Christians Their sounds
We used to worship
: ? .R
( @ b
I was made responsible
R >R
Going
NQ
Its ignition
-e
1 .
Town
E
It cooled off
? % H
ZH A
Occupancy
J b
Second, a small amount of time
/ &
F
O my son!
!,.< E
Village, feudal property
J >-
I am occupied
# @ b
They gave us in plenty
It drew My attention
a ; L
I started my morning
,N ?%
Quranic Arabic Program
179
.>/ ~1: H Level 03
Lesson 11B: Two Explorers of the Truth
|R %' Z>/ # c Z% H A % % " & " ª .>< ³ . \/ ¦ ,.?3 [ 2 R4 E' dA \ ZNo %
1 . \ >b B / \% R Z ºe O % N L Þ ªy"% ! < Ô[ Z% # H 0 ª(>/ \ d % PQ \ o G c QN 0 ” : * Z% .E ³ ?% 1 Z% H9A ,.% ?3 /% Z% H " . .E : # ª% .A "/ ,.R)E ¦ , .>< ºe ; :% / R > ?* £ “.+ ! 9< ³” : * ¬\Eq: QN R A \E” :Z& °e Ð “.,< >,.< P” :2 * % .A ê ¦ / QR “.y "! < Ô[ Z% N : ./ ªZ.E \ E1 ,.?3/ Z a ) >. ³ z E a R< ;1% °e ! < E” ªáE \/ :H1 # , ! c ªR2R* " ¦ B . ..E \ o G Z.E e ... 0 ... 9 :*“.(. o G c l } ., I1 ³ ¶:>* K ª>? < ,.) ?[ I did not knew anything about Christian matters or affairs of people of other religions because me father had kept me in veil from people for a long time in our home. When I heard their voices, I entered into them to see what they were doing. When I carefully looked at them, I was amazed by their prayer and I inclined towards their religion. I said: “By God, it is better than on what we are. By God, I will not leave them until sunset. I will not go to the property of my father.” Then I asked them, “Where is the origin of this religion?” They said, “In the country of Syria.” When the night came, I returned to my home. My father received me to ask about what I did. I said: “O my father! I have passed to people performing prayer at their Church, I amazed by their religion as I saw it. I remained with them until sunset.” My father scared at what I did and said, “O my son! There is nothing good in that religion…. The religion of you and your forefathers is better than it.” I said, “By God! Their religion is better than ours.” My father became frightened about what I said. He felt danger that I will leave my religion. He imprisoned me at the home and placed a shackle in my feet.
Explanation It amazed me I saw I did not leave
Word
,.?3/
Word
Z&
I asked them
Explanation I knew
E1
Where
\E
Origin
R A
As long as
Religion
\Eq:
He kept me in veil
He scared
/ LR
O my son!
,.< P o G c
Better He scared, he became frightened
Explanation
B c
It came I returned
So that I see
B / E' 2 R4 ,.?3 [ |R %'
?*
They make, they do
.E
; :% /
I carefully looked at them
Z% H
So He received me
,
It amazed me
K
I did, I made
% .A
I included towards
Shackle
¶:>*
O my father!
! < E
I left them
Z% # H
My feet
, I1
; 1%
The sun set
<
a R<
I’ll not go
I will leave religion He placed
:H1
+ ! 9<
Cities of Syria
Religions
Word
I passed By people
Quranic Arabic Program
180
,.% ?3 /% ?% 1
O % N L Þ Level 03
Lesson 11B: Two Explorers of the Truth O G 1 Z>/ + : * Ô[ J >* ie N " “.," /% + ! 9< ºe NQ : EE O G # 1 Zp>/ + : * Le” :Z 2R *
1 . ºe w# < R A % FR Æ % d >HR £ N \ a I 1 R 6 \% ” : * ª > .#h " .+ ! 9< .@% < Ô[ ¶>jF Z% I% c ª (# [ [ P:>* / # [% (< ,?c ª+ ! ºe (¶ 3 : ( 3 “. ) >.p ,/ 1 R &' ” : * “¬\E: QN # w# ? Z8R .(: c% # I X : ./ # c : “.# c % R” :2 “.l , jA R l . Z H l : c% l h # # ?% ?[ ª> % . , ?% 1 :* ,qe” $U FR E Þ ( ) F. X h . Ï0 >?& ³ ( F .> >b . X4/ L ª < w< Z% ? E * : < ( / ?H% E : : $a & R I 1 I # / .O N Q \ 2a 9 * K ?% & K " I Ô[ Ï >b (. f )£ When I found time, I sent [a message] to the Christians and said to them, “Whenever a caravan comes to you going towards the country of Syria, inform me.” After a short time, a caravan moving towards Syria came to them. They informed me. I was captured in my shackle. I untied it and came out with them secretly. We reached at the country of Syria. When we dismounted in it, I asked, “Who is the most superior person in the followers of this religion?” They said: “The Bishop, who is responsible for this church.” I came to him and said: “I am inclined towards Christianity. I love to become your servant. I want to serve you. I want to learn from you and pray with you.” He said, “Enter [in the Church].” I entered with him and became his servant. Then it did not take too long that I knew that the man was a bad man. He used to instruct his followers for charity and motivate them by describing its reward. When they used to give him something to spend in Allah’s way, he used to include it in his personal treasure and did not use to give poor and needy anything out of it. He gathered seven jars full of gold.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
¶>jF
Enter!
# c % R
Secretly
I served him
(: c%
We reached We came down, we dismounted
w# ?
I remained That you know
# / # ( / ?H%
Word
Bishop
Explanation It became easy
% d >HR
.@% <
Free time, chance
R A % FR
.#h
I reached
w# <
R &'
He comes
+ : *
Responsible
,/ 1
Caravan, riders
Z% ? E
So I came to him
( 3
He intends
By its reward
< w<
I am inclined to
?% 1
Going
They give him
X4/
Christianity
> % .
He made a treasure for him
X h .
I love, I like
?% ?[
His followers He motivated them
E
He gives
2a 9 *
Jars Gold
O N Q
Quranic Arabic Program
To become your servant
l h # # l : c%
I serve you
So tell me
O G # 1 : EE NQ ," /%
Less
J >*
Facing towards
(¶ 3
So inform me
I learn from you
l . Z H
So I was captured
I pray with you
l , jA R
I untied it
181
Word
,?c # [% ( # [ Level 03
Lesson 11B: Two Explorers of the Truth ª > Zp? E * : < Z% R E $a & J I1 Z% Rp?[ A e” :Z ª ( .# :
1 . " I ; # M ? Ð ª ( . ( E1 " ¶:E:b ¶6@< ( 6 % @ < “.(>/ .z .Z% ” : * “.X h . / Z% pR z ” : * “¬lL # / \E \” : * “. >b . f )£ E Þ ª() F. Nh . < X"I L [ a >* o " E Þ ( e Ð . 1 3¹ < X "I 1 X ? A Ð “.( .R : i !0 ” : * N1 " ª 6 ¶?N L $U R" 2a 9* K ?% & (. I % & ( % Z% E1 ª Ó"I ?[ (??[ ª ¶1 9 > ? / (. % i ª c , (. O 1 i ª >~: ³ (. : N 9I1 E1 " ª(h ª ( p c n 9 I1 ? :( * R ( H 6 [ " ª ¶ ( "* When I saw it, a strong hatred for him developed in [my mind]. I remained there until he died and the Christians gathered to bury him. I said to them, “Your leader was a bad man. He used to instruct you for charity and motivate you for it. When you gave him, he used to include it in his personal treasure. He did not use to give poor anything out of it.” They said, “How did you know that?” I said, “I’ll show you his treasure.” They said, “OK, show us that.” I showed them his place. They brought out seven jars full of gold and silver. When they said it, they said, “By God! We will not bury him. They crucified him and beat him with stones. Then a short time passed and they appointed another man in his place. I became his servant. I had not seen any man more pious than him about worldly affairs. I had also not seen anyone more inclined than him towards the Hereafter. I had not seen anyone more hardworking than him about day and night worship. I loved him a lot and stayed a long time with him. When his death reached, I said to him:
Explanation
Word
Explanation
It passed
" E
Treasure
They appointed
?
Inform us
His place
( p
So I attached to him
(h : N
The most pious The most inclined The most hard working Too much love
It appeared to him Death
Quranic Arabic Program
So I showed them
Z% E1
Strong
¶:E:b
His place
( %
As I saw him
( E1 "
I % &
He remained
M ?
The brought out
Silver
( H 6 [ R
( 6 % @ <
¶6@<
%
¶
Time
I hated him
Word
Hatred
Full of
"*
I stayed
h .%
Explanation
(>/ .z
O 1
Ó"I ?[
Word
$U R" 6
To die She / they gathered
; # " I
They saw it
N1
For burying him
We will bury him
( .R :
Your friend, your leader
Z% pR ?[ A
They crucified him
X ? A
He motivated you
Zp? E
They beat him (with stones)
X "I 1
You bring to him
X"I
1 3¹
Stones
182
I inform you
( .# :
Z% pR z Level 03
Lesson 11B: Two Explorers of the Truth ÞB qd E Þ J 9 N A "# < 9I1 ie (>/ . / ¶:[ Z / i !,.< P % ” :2 “¬%W: < \ ,.d .H \ K ,< ,AH \% e !R 9 E” l < md # (H : ./ , A ¶9 e” :( * P?c (>/ % * (>/ % : * " ª A"# , I < #d ,?[ A ; " “.( < md# 2R q:?E “.qm¹ \ (>/ "< l ¶ ) ") l ,¡ c
H 0 \ W $U I :% !R 9 E” :( * R ( H% 6 [ " ª ; # M ?E Þ ( e Ð .2a [ o c / ( H:% I X : ./ "* “.P:./ Z*” :2 N f ?>q.< 9 I1 ie (>/ .R w / 9 I 1 Z / 0 !,.< P” :2 “¬(< Y d < , H \ ¬¦ ,AH \ ª Z H P \ Z H “. : ./ Z*” :Æ 2 ª ,?[ A (< , P?c ( H¡c f ?> O [ < #d X:d ³ R I O q>R " “.(< ~md# J 9 \ º / P \ / : ” :( * R ( H6 [ " ª;£ (< 2 h # M ? 0 ªo# \ X ?[ A ( >/ / ( H%: I X : ./ "* :2 ª P?c ( H¡c ( < d “.(< ~m¹ ª a 9R N E1 " < 9 I1 ie / , < ¶:[ Z / °e 0 !,.< P % ” :2 “¬,< ,AH “O so & so! Where do you advise me to go and with whom I should stay after you?” He said, “O my son! I do not know anyone [devoted to the religion] on which I was except a man at Musal. He is so and so. He does not change and alter [the God’s Book]. The truth is with him.” When my leader died, I joined the man at Musal. When I reached to him, I described the story of mine and said to him, “So & so advised me at the time of his death to join you. He informed me that you are devoted to the truth.” He said, “Stay with me.” I stayed with him and found that his condition was right. Then he did not remain [for a long time] before his death. When his death came, I said to him, “O so & so! Allah’s matter has came to you as you see and you know my matter. So towards whom, you advise me to go and to whom you ask me to join?” He said, “O my son! By God! I don’t know any man who is [devoted to the religion] on which were except a man at Naseeban. He is so and so and the truth is with him.” When the man disappeared in his grave, I joined his friend at Naseeban and informed him about myself and my matter with my leader. He said to me, “Stay with us.” I stayed with him and found that he was on the right [religion] on which his two friends were. So by God! I remained with him until the death came down. When his death came, I said to him, “You knew my matter so towards whom you advise me to go?” He said, “O my son! By God! I don’t know anyone remaining on our matter [religion] except a man at U’muriyah. He is so and so and truth is with him.” I joined him and informed him about myself. He said:
Explanation
Word
W $U I
He came to you
Explanation I reached, I moved to
Word
Explanation
Word
% : *
O so & so!
R 9 E ,AH
You see, you opine
H
I described the story
% *
You advise
You know
Z H
He advised me
, A
You advise me
,.d .H
Affiliation
Y d
We were on it
(>/ .R
One who firmly holds
l ¶ ) ")
I become
Stay with me
P:./ Z*
Musal, a city of Iraq
A "#
Naseeban, a city at Syria
f ?>q
So I stayed
"*
He amends (the Book of God)
U’muriyah, a city at Syria
E1 "/
I found with him
( H:% I
He changes
2a [
State, condition
Quranic Arabic Program
183
I joined
B qd E 2R q:?E #d Level 03
Lesson 11B: Two Explorers of the Truth ª0 \ ( < dA< (< 2 h # M ? Z8R . " >% .R ; a <.. X : ./ .. ?% ) :* ª(< dA P :% N / .. 0 .. a I1 : ./ "* “.P:./ Z*” “¬ , H ¬¦ ,AH \ Z H P \% Z H l e” :( * R ( H% 6 [ " M R ?E ,? k 1< ( > V E J :% * ( .p ... ( >/ . Î p) ") k 1' / , < . \ ¶:[ W .N Z / 0 !,.< E” :2 # ª?~. Z H c ( >F f < ª * : R R E i ª E:# R R E ªFH i ; G 9/ ( ªfH[ f < a % ; L k a 1 ºe ( 1 \ I E Z8R Z >N 4/ k 1 ºe ZRp ,""[ # e” :Z .“O a # ” >?* \ 1 3H \ G F < # ºe ¶. E1 " < X : < wp" R I ' X Ð “.l % R " d % ªZ” : “.," >% .R XQN ,H < “Stay with me.” I stayed with that man. And by God! He was on the guidance of his friends. I earned, while I was with him, some cows and goats. Then the matter of Allah reached him as it was on his friends. So when his death came, I said to him, “As you know my matter, so towards whom do you advise me to go and what do you instruct me to do.” He said: “O my son! By God! I don’t know anyone there remaining on the face of the earth devoted to [the true religion] we were on it… But the time has reached when a prophet will come out of the land of Arabia. He will be sent with the religion of Abraham. Then he will migrate from his land to a land situated between two volcanic fields and having date-palm trees. He has symbols which are not hidden. He will eat from [something given as] gift. He will not eat from [something given as] charity. There will be the stamp of prophethood between his two shoulders. If you can join him at that country, do so.” Then the death came to him. I remained at U’muriyyah for some time. A group of traders from the tribe of “Kalb” passed by there. I said to them, “Carry me with you to the land of Arabia. I will give you my these cows and goats.” They said, “OK, we will carry you.”
Explanation So that you join Death came to him
Word
Explanation
m d # H # R I ' X wp
I stayed
G F
A group, party
Having date-palm trees Two volcanic fields Symbols, plural of
9/
Word
a % ; L f H[ ; G 9/
Explanation I earned Cows Sheep, goats
Gift
E:#
There
Word
?% ) ; < ">% .R W .N
Traders
1 3H
His two shoulders
( >F
It remained
Tribe
>?*
He disappeared
O q>R
Back, (face of earth)
k1'
Grave
: d
Time came
J
Carry me I will give you We will carry you
,""[ Z% pR >4/ l % R " d %
Quranic Arabic Program
To come down Stamp of prophethood
184
, <
2 h #
He will be sent
M R ?E
?~. Z H c
He will migrate
I E Level 03
Lesson 11B: Two Explorers of the Truth ,.< \ ( Za / \ < X 1 # M? Ð ª( :< #d ª> \ a I ,/ < ,< 1:
R P .@ < Le Ô[ Z ,Rq"[ N Ee Z>4/ .( < "* ª(< PQ A < .E:£ / ªE1 " < ,?[ A , X L PQ % . E wE ºe ( ,. ª(. , b | E*R a 1 ,F ,qe 0 ª wE ºe 2R & I N M? Ð .qYq / ( ?I E Î , @!i Q< ( K% ¨ Þ ,a..p ª p , ( * /:E Qa .>[ ~,?. + : * a I1 / ªU$ ?R < U " 3" Ze 0 “ >*” ,.< 0 = H *” :( 2 * ( ÄZ/ \ < (>/ ?* Le Û y G I P:>& ª" < > R " / P:q>) “.,? ( Z / hE p \ + > Z>/ I gave them that and they carried me with them. When we reached at the valley of Qura, they deceived me and sold me [as a slave] to a Jewish man. I joined his service. Then I remained with him. His cousin belonging to Banu Quraizah visited him and bought me from him. He moved me with him to Yathrib. When I saw the date-palm trees mentioned by my leader at U’muriyyah, I knew that it is the city whose attributes he had described. So I stayed with him. At that time, the Prophet was calling his nation at Makkah [towards the true religion]. But I had not heard about him due to my occupancy with the obligations of slavery. I was there when the Prophet migrated to Yathrib. By God! I was at the top of a date-palm tree working for my master while he was sitting under it. His cousin came to him and said, “May Allah kill the people of Madina. By God! They are gathering at Quba to [see] that man who came today from Makkah and considers himself a prophet.”
Explanation I worked in it
Word
> R " /
Some
<
Sitting
y G I
Explanation
He mentioned Attribute
Û
He described its attributes
He approached
?*
Then
He killed
H *
He calls
People of Madina Now Gathering people
“ >*” ,.< U " 3 $U ?*R
A town near Madina He thinks, He considers
Z / hE
E1
I saw
Under it
But I
It made that obligatory Slavery Top of a date palm tree
,Rq"[
R P
A
They deceived me
,< 1:
They sold me
,/ <
Qa .>[
Jews
>
/:E
His service
( :c
,a..p
He visited
( ?I E
Son of uncle, cousin A tribe of Jews living at Madina
1 Za / \ < | E*R ,.<
qYq
They bought me
, b
a 1
They moved me
,.
Old name of Madina
wE
P:q>) 185
Carry me
Word
The valley of Qura
, @!
My occupancy
Explanation
L
For my master
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
Level 03
Lesson 11B: Two Explorers of the Truth 2R * I . \/ 2 h~. ºe ; 1 < ªP:>& / R & >!c Ô[ ¶:E:b ¶< 4- <% 4 % "d # ( ?!E ,.) [ ( % " & e " $= )£ " “.l" / \ (> .R ºe :% / ¬ Q l ” :Æ 2 * :E:b " p# ,." p P:>& O 6 @ ... “¡ # / :% / ¬R2 H L ” : I % L $= < R l G dA l D G A J I1 l ,.@ < :* ( e” : * (>/ c: ªR2& 2R h .% E M R >[ ºe (< I H ( % " I . a "H \ >b ; Qc .(>e ( <%* ZR8 “.ZRo \ (< m[ Z% pR E * : P:./ $T ,b QN ª a I [ ºe $U ?R* \ 2R & 2 d H " ª"% < K " I% ; Q# c # % Ð “.J : [ X Q N” :,)F , .# R E Z X : E l ) “... RR ” :( < dA' 2 “.J > 8 XQN” :,)F ³ .( RR ( < dA . “. < l J E: N X Q N * : R R H i l E1 ,qe” :( ( I .E:£ When I heard their talk, something like a viral infection affected me and I became disturbed a great confusion. I feared that I will fall on my master. I started coming down from the tree and said to that man: “What are you doing, give me the news.” My master became angry and beat me with a hard punch and said to me: “What have you to do with this? Return to your work.” At evening, I took some dates that I had gathered and moved towards the place where the Prophet dismounted. I entered to him and said: “News reached to me that you are a pious man and there are needy and poor companions with you. This is charity with me and I do not see anyone more deserving to it except you.” Then I came near to him. He said to his companions, “Eat…” and kept his hand refraining from eating. I said in my heart: “This is the first [indicator].” Then I returned and took another collection of dates. When the Prophet moved from Quba to Madina, I came to him and said, “I saw that you do not eat [something given as] charity. This is a gift that I give you as your honor.” He ate from it and instructed his companions to eat with him. I said in my heart: “This is the second [indicator].”
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
It reached me
,.@ <
He became angry
O 6
His talk
(
Poor
$= < R
He punched me
,." p
It touched me
,.)
" p#
It is similar to
( ?!E
Needy More deserving I came near to him He hold
a I [ % L m[
A punch What you have to do with this?
¬ Q l
(>e ( <%*
Return!
:% /
l )
Evening
$= )£
# %
I took
; Qc
I gathered
K " I%
Dates
a "H
He changed
2 d H
I gathered
% " I
J E: N
I directed
I H
I left
Gift I give you as honor
l
Quranic Arabic Program
2R h .% E
He came down
186
A viral infection I became disturbed Confusion I fear So that I fall
"d # <% 4 %
¶< 4- >!c R &
I started
; 1 <
Coming down
2 h~.
Prepare!
:% / Level 03
Lesson 11B: Two Explorers of the Truth Z H #
1 , X ºe |R ; 1:& Z8R ª(>/ ") ª "b (>/ ¶) I (E ( < dA : [ P1 E M R >[ : * @ K > ?< N 0 2 &1 # I Ð ( Rq?* R (>/ ?% ?p ( # ªZH # E ; |. X \/ XU$ 1 - B / X ºe |R ~,~?. ,n1 " . E1"/ , ,?[ A Æ ( F A PQ “¬W?c ”:Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 2 .,p< "& / +G 9) .1 ~) Z | / è ~& ªO3 :b . ?3 ª N Ee Z% % " &% ª,q. ( < dA " )E # X & ª < O 3 / Ï,* (>/ % . Ó>[ M R ?E +E ; +E (>/ +9& . "E%{ m 8 ( < \ ~m¹ B / +E ,&1 F "& / +9& .a p jR ³ qmd # \/ M R d ?E + * + E ,& 1 F (< d >[ \ 1A ª b < 1 \µ :?/ 1: ) Then I came to Allah’s Prophet while he was at Baqi’ Al-Gharqad burying [the dead body of] one of his companions. I saw him sitting and wearing two shawls. I greeted him. Then I moved forward to look at his back so that I see the stamp described by my leader at U’muriyyah. When the Prophet saw me that I am trying to look at his back, he knew my objective and removed his shawl from his back. I looked and saw the stamp. I knew that so I turned to kiss it and starting weeping. Allah’s Apostle said: “What is your matter?” I described my story. He amazed with it and asked his companions to listen it from me. I told that to them. They also astonished intensely and enjoyed it with a great happiness. So peace be upon Salman Al-Farsi on the day when he started search for truth at each place. Peace be upon Salman Al-Farsi when he knew the truth and believed in it with a firm belief. Peace be upon him on the day he died and on the day when he will be given life. (Dr. Abdul Rahman Rafat Pasha, Pictures from the life of Prophet’s Companions) (Note: After that, the Prophet and his companions gathered some money to buy Salman from his master and manumitted him. The Prophet included him in his family. He lived with them and spent his life for Islam.)
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
-
Explanation
They became delighted
~&
My objective
The biggest
Z | /
He removed, he threw
When
Shawl
$U 1
He hides, he buries
Joy, happiness Peace He searches for Each place He knew He believed in it The most tied He will be raised
1 ~)
+G 9& M R d ?E a p jR B / ( < \ n m 8 M R ?E
Ó>[
Live
Quranic Arabic Program
; |
I saw
?% ?p
I turned I kiss
R q?* R
I wept
,p< O 3 /%
He amazed
X &
He delighted for it They amazed
?3 /
Amazement
O 3 187
A graveyard of Madina
Word
: * @ K > <
M R >[ P1 E
Two shawls
"b
I greeted
"&
I drew I see His back
; 1:& |R X
So that
,
I see
1
He saw me
,n1 Level 03
Lesson 11B: Two Explorers of the Truth
(./ 0 ,-1 a >% " / \ <% O
Mus’ab Ibn U’mair
LR '= , K E ( HA pE i ªyF. ( ~?d H [ \ >% # (>/ K H pH i ªME:d# [ ; Q/ ª(I% R >"I ªm# 2R : ª ?! ~ :+ 2 * ie y 3"< ~" E 9 d } O >% .a " \ |[ ( Z > R ){ X E ª( p b ( ) <9"< ~ZE ªPh \ ) % [ .O (>e R >"E [ . & H 8 \ (>/ Y : @H ( ~ ª( ?d E X < ª?q>4 ( d } 1 \ ( R E “.+G * O G QN” O G (< O G 3 N ( < dA ºe (./ S R :d E >* Z& (>/ 0 A , ?. .( R w ª()<9 \ )[ ª(< ?b ( "3 < J ?3 rE*R . } N >[ r >E ( E "e ªrE* ß >b R FE " 2 "/' 2 "# M R E:[ ~Od E \RpE Z ªrE*R ?b > ? : > ~Od E i He had a fresh young age, moderate stature, handsome face, soft voice and sweet talk. Whenever an eye stayed at him, it felt in love for his personality. Whenever his voice entered in an ear, the heart [of that person] inclined towards him. He was a well-dressed person and used to take care of his dress and appearance. When a man used to look at him, he knew that he is lucky enough for blessings. His fragrance was nice. Whenever he used to pass through a group of people, they used to say: “Mus’ab is coming.” They knew him from his fragrance. His parents used to love him a lot. His mother used to spend generously her vast wealth on him. Quraish used to admire his handsomeness, youthfulness, nice dressing and abundance of wealth. The Prophet used to discuss him with his companions by admiring him. Mus’ab did not use to like hunting like other youth of Quraish. He did not use to like talking about wealth and business like old people of Quraish. His objective was to live a rightly-guided life.
Worth Reading What is the difference between Monotheism and Polytheism? Why the Polytheism not acceptable in front of God? How to avoid polytheism in our prayers? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE01-0009-Monotheism.htm Explanation
Word
Her wealth
H 8
Vast, wide
& J ?3
Amazing, admirable He describes
S R :d E
Hunting
: >
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
He inclined towards
R >"E
Fresh
Dress
Ph
Young age
?!
He administers
~ZE
Moderate
2R :
Body
m #
Beautiful, handsome
R >"I
( ) <9
His dresses His form, his appearance
( p b
~
Remaining
> <
Luck
|[
Face
( I%
Old people
ß >b
Nice
O >%
Sweet
Q/
d }
Sweet
[
His objective
( E
Smell, fragrance
He lives
r >E
He passes
Rightly-guided
} N
She gave liberally to
Quranic Arabic Program
188
~" E
It happen, it stays
K H
Y : @H
It did not happen
pE i Level 03
Lesson 11B: Two Explorers of the Truth \ a [ ºe % 3 H
c=' ª:> ºe "N :[e % I c ªY q \ \ >% F } m E4 , < * :* ªd~6 , : 3 )"# / +a E ; L O G ?* .\ >% H /: ª"# ºe
c=' (%/ ª:> ºe \ >% / "3"#
:[e ( % / . "% # ! ; [ R < O G y I .r ER* ß >b (> W ! % E ¶1 [ K " & [ : 3)"# ºe R E ªrE*R E: % ºe K " )> : 3 )"# ºe O N QE O G 6 : , ª ¶ >[ ./ , "E + . :I' $ < \ E q>@ E # : EE ( ' ¶>"I ( N pE PQ I QN , " E ª+ y 3 \% .
cR ¶ >[ m 1 A 0 2R &1 > K "3E , 1 : ºe ( 3 H ª:3)"# \ V c Z 8R .( > + Z E PQ I QN Z E ." E ªlL ºe K")E O G .R >"3# ( R pb \ ) d # ( E ªX| ." ?3 > ª(>e |R .E + y I ZR8 ª >[ c : ª( D F ? Y R A :./ ª(< dA Z& (>/ 0 .,9&{ \ Eq: , ( c \ / ªX: E ) < (. * ZR8 Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. M E:[ ºe O G K " & One day, Mus’ab came to the [Sacred] Mosque [at Makkah] at morning time. On his way, he encountered with two groups of his friends. One of them came out for hunting while other was directing towards a pub to enjoy drinking wine. One of the groups invited him to go for hunting and other called him to take wine. He refused both invitations. Mus’ab preferred to go to the Mosque to listen a conference of Quraish. He reached at the Mosque when he heard a dialogue in which aged people of Quraish were participating. Mus’ab sat near the meeting of the group. They were debating about the man whom all of them disliked because he intended to change the religion of [their] forefathers. The group was debating to treat him with violence or kindness. Mus’ab listened that and desired to know the matter of this man about whom the group was debating. He came out of the Mosque and moved towards the house where Allah’s Apostle and his companions were congregating. When he reached on the door, they opened it for him. He entered and greeted. Then he sat and the group of people was looking at him. They had admiration for his appearance, nice dressing and handsomeness. Mus’ab listened the talk of the Prophet, then came near to him, stretched his hand and announced his embracement in the Islamic religion.
Face the Challenge! Describe the procedure of converted a
. How will you convert the same into , ? Explanation
Word
Explanation
Violence
./
Two groups
Sometimes
¶ >[
He refused
Kindness
m # 1
Both invitations
He desired
." E
He preferred
Way
Y R
To listen
He greeted
>[
Conference
Word
\ >% / "3
1 \ >% H /: 6 K " )>
51 6 to its corresponding
Explanation He approached At morning time He faced Friends She / they directed towards
d~6 < * Y q % 3 H
Pub
a [
¶1 [
Fun
*
He stretched
) <
They debated
" E
Wine
He announced
\ /
They disliked him
( N pE
They called him
Quranic Arabic Program
?*
E: %
He came near
Dialogue
Word
189
"% # ( % / Level 03
Lesson 11B: Two Explorers of the Truth ª:3)"# , ,j E N ¶E X n1 d \ < R "w/ \p ª ELgE # : EE i ª ~?d E : ª(9&< ( % ?E Z ªrE* \ c : ( 9&e F Fc% .$ h/ z R + 9&{ , : 3 E ¶1?A (.p ª ¶>% D ?A X < ( p .H " ªrER* ( ; % p . .lQ< + ?c ª(R [ ; % >@ H :* ªp ºe ! ?d# \ / ZR8 ªZ O G I ª! ?d# ºe 3# < Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. Z L ª\>% " )"# / Q :b 0 A , ?. 2 * d# l H , ( < dA Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. X : N b " . >*1 :* ª |> X : I D?A ªX )H pH i J * qh" () <9" “.(&1 0 qO[ , >% # , ? l L \ ( I c ZR8 ª(. ¶"> ( E< : ./ Z r E* \ ¶ p" < ª QN E1 :% ” : Z& (>/ ZN w \ < d $ R \ D ?A [ x Fd# \ H ,?. \ F x F [ ª5 "&i \ ) [ (>e K " & Z& (>/ 0 A , ?. y 3 GO + h .E:"# N \ G >% w R c :% > (./ 0 ,-1 O G D 3 .E ª\Eq: n W .N f")"# Z j E .E:"# ºe Z& (>/ 0 A , ?. ( R & E ZR8 .\ Eq: < $U " / q,?. e J b ? O N L "e ª( N% (q , % jpF E Z ªp A : ./ ª1 ' \ 9 I 1 ?& ( O G V c q¸d # Z & * " .+ 9&{ , .Z& (>/ 0 A The young man kept his Islam secret for some time due to the danger of Quraish [who used to persecute the people embracing to Islam]. He did not inform his mother about his [conversion to] Islam. He used to love her and did not want to tease her. But, one day, Uthman Ibn Talhah saw him performing prayer in the Mosque. He informed the nation about that. Quraish condemned him. Similarly his parents condemned him and he became poor on the next morning. But he was a patient boy who finds all comfort in Islam. Persecution for Muslims became intensified. The Prophet allowed them to migrate towards Abyssinia. Mus’ab also migrated with them. Then he returned from Abyssinia to Makkah. He condition had changed. His dress was torn even not covering his body. His skin had become hard and he had become weak. When the Prophet and his companions saw him in this condition, the Prophet said: “I have not seen any boy of Quraish at Makkah more blessed by his parents than this boy. Then he came out of that [enjoyment] due to his inclination for good only for the love of Allah and His Prophet.” Mus’ab stayed with the Prophet and listened to him with an excellent listening. The boy learnt from the Prophet and perfected his learning until he became one of the great men of understanding & religious scholars in the companions [of Prophet]. Then the Prophet sent him to Madina to teach the Qur’an and the religion to the Muslims there. Mus’ab became successful and a large number of people of Madina embraced to Islam. When the season of pilgrimage came, Mus’ab came out [of Madina] with 70 men of Ansaar. When he reached Makkah, he did not think about his mother and family, he went directly to the Prophet.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
He perfected
\ H
Skin
Men of understanding, plural of (>
$ R
Thick, hard
|>
He sends
R & E
Thin, weak
>*1
Z j E
He teaches
The most blessed
He becomes successful
D 3 .E
Blessed
Season
Z &
Inclination
% jpF E
Listening
He thinks Direct
J b ?
Quranic Arabic Program
: I
Z
¶"> ? 5 "&i x F [
He memorized
190
Explanation He hided He teases her He condemns / denies Patient Comfort He allowed
Word
Fc%
ELgE p .H ¶1?A $ h/ L
It changed
; % >@ H
Torn
J * qh" Level 03
Lesson 11B: Two Explorers of the Truth \p ªf")"# / r E* + 3N :b :% * ª ¶6E $U " [ :a [ R h , . ¶ ( < ª1a :< h , Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. $U O G " [
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¶<8 ie P:HE i ª ¶.F ( :3 E 9 (. ")"# : EE ªk1' ºe ( I O G L ª%ZN $U : b . :E " )"# Q c ªp e rER* ; % / 2 * RE Z& (>/ 0 A , ?. ª(& 1 (>I1 Fc # e ª(>I% 1 ( & 1 Fc # e *qh" ¶>% *
R*: A 2J I1 f . g% " # \% ” :I h/ 0 .O a 1 O a ! < ( F & ª w < X 9%/ 4@E # ZR8 (33:23 h[' ) “.9 E:?% H R:< | .% E \% Z% .% ( ?d % 6* \% Z% .% " ( >% / ( :N / Mus’ab carried the flag of the Prophet at the battle of Badr and returned victorious. He also carried the flag at the battle of Ohad. Quraish raided hardly at Muslims but Mus’ab remained firm and did not leave his flag. Ibn Qubeah moved towards him and hit on his hand by a sword and cut it. The flag fell down but Mus’ab caught it in his other hand. Ibn Qumeah also cut that as well. The flag remained high because Mus’ab hold it by his two upper arms. Ibn Qumeah hit Mus’ab’s chest by a spear. Mus’ab fell down with the flag but his brother Abu Room took it. The flag remained high until the Muslims returned to Madina. [Note: Keeping the flag high was the most important duty during ancient warfare. Fall of flag meant defeat of an army.] Quraish returned to Makkah and the Muslims buried their martyrs. Mus’ab was lying down on the land by his face. Muslims intended to bury him but did not find burial garments. There was a small torn cloth to wrap his dead body. If his head was covered, his feet came out and if his feet were covered, his head revealed. The Prophet recited the words of Allah, the High the Exalted: “There are believer men who fulfilled what they promised with Allah. There are ones who completed their vows [by sacrificing their lives] and there are ones who are waiting but do not change [their determination].” Then he instructed to cover his upper part by the cloth and his lower part by fresh grass.
Face the Challenge! What is the difference between the /
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Z%& and the 2F Z%& ? Word
Explanation
Word
His vow
( ?d %
He hits
O >E
Flag
They changed
R:<
Lance, spear
D ~
Victorious
¶
He covers
4@E
He took
2 .H
Raid, attack
+ 3N
Martyrs, plural of :>b
$U : b
He became
He wears
P:HE
It felt down
&
Small, short
¶>% *
High, raised
¶/R l )
Upper (part of body)
9%/
Lower (part of body)
F &
Grass
O a ! /
Fresh
O a 1
Quranic Arabic Program
It became apparent
#
He caught
He decided, he fulfilled
6*
His both upper arms
191
$U
P:6 / Level 03
Lesson 12A: Further Derived Nouns !"#
$= "&% '
The Result Compare the result. Each line carried four marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
Z%&
,</
English
1 p& Z% % 9 < # H i
Don’t go near to prayer while you are intoxicated.
O ªMg K¼ ªFA
When they stand for prayer, they stand lazily. ªFA
O ªMg K¼ (Feminine word is used because a group is considered feminine in Arabic.)
Nay, they are a quarrelling nation. ªQ K¼ ªFA
K1
" c +G % * Z% N # < f G ? ZG >c N
He is an open disputant.
K1 ªQ :[ ªFA It is the joining place of two streams. This is sweet & fresh and this is salty and saline.
K1 ªQ :[ ªFA
; G R G Q# / QN \ E% d % ?# V PQ N V G IR D G # QN $a ,% b / 1 : # E i Z p <% "N : [
One of both of them is dumb. He is not able to do anything.K1 ªQ :[ ªFA That day, We shall gather the offenders (while they will be) blue (due to fear).
O ªMg K¼ ªFA
*%1 Qa % E f 3 % " # ! d % 1 6 c% 'U 3 ! \% Z% pR I
We have made a fire (ability to burn) in the green tree. O ªQ :[ ªFA There is no restriction on the blind, and there is no restriction on lame, and there is no restriction on the ill. I ªQ :[ ªFA
V /% 'U / i V G [ "/% 'U / y >% V G [ E" # / i V G [
% KG * $= F# A J < e
Verily it is a yellow cow, its color is brilliant.
K1 ªQ :[ ª/ ۔۔۔K1 ªMg :[ ªFA
\ E . $= 6>% < , N L X : E 5 h
When he drew out his hand, it was white for the viewers. K1 ªMg :[ ªFA
G Q G [ & QN
He is a magician, and an extreme liar.
K1 ªQ :[ ª@ ? Z%& / Z%&
Quranic Arabic Program
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192
Level 03
Lesson 12A: Further Derived Nouns !"#
Z%&
$= "&% '
,</
English
1a ?3 < Z% >% / %
You are not the one who compels on them.
I ªQ :[ ª@ ?
a E l L , e 1a Rpb 1a ?A jpR ;
Verily, in that, there are signs for each steadfast and thankful person. I ªQ :[ ª@ ?
: >? # +a 9| < y >% (
Verily, Allah is not an offender for His slaves.
I ªQ :[ ª@ ?
3 % E 1a RF 1a c z R ie .H E< : d
Nobody can deny Our signs except every corrupt and thankless person. I ªQ :[ ª@ ?
i I R ( e
Verily, he was an offender and ignorant.
O ªQ :[ ªFA
1G F +G R| ){ e
Verily, the human being was an offender and thankless.
K1 ªQ :[ ª@ ? FA
1G RF FR ( e
Verily, Allah is definitely Forgiver and Pardoner.
K1 ªQ :[ ª@ ?
\ E1 ?I %* > e
Definitely, they are a very strong nation.
O ªQ K¼ ª@ ? Verily I am Pardoner for what who repents, have believe and do good deeds.
d A " / \ n H \% " 1G F@ ,qe
K1 ªQ :[ ª@ ? Verily, Allah does not like every corrupt and thankless person. I ªQ :[ ª@ ?
" % E i . w# \p
But majority of people do not know.
O ªQ :[ ª>6FH
I 1 Z | /% l % R
They (are the ones having) the greatest rank.
K1 ªQ :[ ª>6FH Verily, the most respectful of you in Allah’s view is the one who is the most God-fearing among you.
O ªQ :[ ª>6FH Face the Challenge! What is the difference between the /
Quranic Arabic Program
1a RF a c R ~Od E i ( e
193
Z% R H% ( : .% / Z% pR # e Z%& and the FA Z%& ?
Level 03
Lesson 12A: Further Derived Nouns !"#
Z%&
$= "&% '
,</
English
+ # 'U l ~<1 # *#
Read and your Lord is the Most Respectful.
K1 ªQ :[ ª>6FH
9 >p.H ~:b < ~:b (
Allah is the Strongest in might and the Hardest in punishment. K1 ªQ :[ ª>6FH The were stronger in power as compared to you and greater in wealth and children.
O ªQ :[ ª>6FH
[ ~:b Z . I 1
Fire of the Hell is the most intense in heat.
K1 ªQ :[ ª>6FH
?# i l L \% @ A % i
Neither smaller than this nor bigger (than it.)
O ªQ :[ ª>6FH Definitely, the reward of the Hereafter is the biggest.
K1 ªQ :[ ª>6FH
?# c I% 'U 1. ( e
Verily he was helped.
O ªQ :[ ª2F
wE:[ ( \% Y : A % \%
Who is more truthful than Allah in speech.
K1 ªQ :[ ª>6FH Who is a bigger offender than the one who forges a lie against Allah.
K1 ªQ :[ ª>6FH So that He may test you that which one of you does the best deeds. K1 ªQ :[ ª>6FH
<Q ( /
# \% " Z # \% 9 " / \ ) [% Z% pR ~E Z% R R ?% > .) %d # $= "&% 'U (
For Him, there are the best names.
K1 ªMg :[ ª>6FH Do you want to replace that which is inferior to that which is superior.
K1 ªQ :[ ª>6FH The word of whom is better than that of one who called towards Allah and did good deeds.
K1 ªQ :[ ª>6FH
Quranic Arabic Program
i % w# *R Z% pR .% :b i%
194
N PQ < % N PQ R: ?% ) % H G >% c ( e / \% " i % * \ ) [% \%
d A " / Level 03
Lesson 12A: Further Derived Nouns !"#
Z%&
$= "&% '
,</
English
+a % ma >[1 \% % ) % E
They will be giving drinks from a sealed nectar.
I ªQ :[ ª2F FA
1 # : [ # N
He is the One, the Overwhelming.
K1 ªQ :[ ª@ ? FA
Z > # K >") %
You are the Listener, the Most Knowledgeable.
K1 ªQ :[ ªFA (I start) in the name of Allah who is the Most Affectionate, the Eternally Merciful.
Z>[ \µ 0 Z)<
I ªQ :[ ªFA @ ?
o G < R" % H "< (
Allah is Observer of what you do.
K1 ªQ :[ ªFA
L : >?# 2R 96 N l
That is the deviation (which is) far away. (deep deviation)
K1 ªQ :[ ªFA @ ?
:G >& , b Z% .% "
So in them, there will be unhappy and happy.
K1 ªQ :[ ªFA
o G ?c R" % E "< ( e
Verily, He is Knowledgeable about what you do.
K1 ªQ :[ ªFA When Moses returned to his nation, he was very angry and sorrowful.
O ªQ :[ ªFA When Satan (the burning one with arrogance) made their deeds attractive for them.
K1 ªQ :[ ª@ ? You have, other than Allah, neither a protector nor a supporter.
K1 ªQ :[ ªFA
?6 % ( % * e & K I 1 "
F& Z% "/% R 4>% ! Z% \ E L# e i Ä, \% ( \% Z% pR o a
Rule of the Day! The noun coming after a preposition is always in its I
case. Similarly (>e
Quranic Arabic Program
B 6 in the ³ -e O is also in its I case.
195
Level 03
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis The Result: Calculate your score. Each paragraph carries 10 mark. If your score is less than 80%, repeat the exercise. The translation is provided for each paragraph. Text in parenthesis [ ] is the information not describe in the original Arabic text but its sense is understood.
>% ) F Z # /
The Knowledge of Exegesis
%>)F . v Z& (>/ 0 A :a "d (q>? / 2 h." # º H 0 Z % (< E ZG / :C94 A % i .(.>< (d- Le $U ,! ) . ! % p R >? : @ R o)F .( " p [ ( p[ V % &% (> R ><
( " z H Z p# [ v . >/ ! + R qZN \ ( f ")£ / “a E F k % ” p n o )FH Z z H / $ " K " I%
\Eq)F £ b – V ” :(./ º H ( ,-1 a ) \ <% 2 * .(< " Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. \ / (> Z % p n Z >< Z>/ º H 0 -1 R < d ./% a p< ,< :\ E:b $ F # :R w ªp n o )F< Z. o G w b% “.\ < " \ > B % E [ \N % 3E Z ; a En ! % / Z H Le . R I .f"%I Z./ º H 0 ,-1 Ä,/ "w/ "/ A – Meaning of Exegesis In dictionary, “Tafsir” means explanation and exposition. Something is interpreted when it is explained and clarified. In terminology, it is meant the body of knowledge [that is related to] understand the Book of Allah that was revealed on His Prophet Muhammad. [It includes] explanation of its meaning and deriving law and wisdom out of it. B – Instructions about its Learning The scholars have a consensus on the point that learning the “Quranic Exegesis” is obligatory on the Muslims collectively [i.e. if some of them discharge this responsibility, it will be discharged from everyone]. It is from the most important disciplines of [Islamic] Shari’ah. C – The Most Famous Exegetes The Companions [of the Prophet] drew their attention to learn the Venerable Quran and to understand its meanings from the Prophet and to act according to it. Ibn Mas’ud said: “A man from us when he used to learn 10 verses, he did not go beyond them without understanding their meaning and complying with them.” A large number of them became famous by the Exegesis of the Holy Quran. For example, the Rightly-Guided Caliphs: Abu Bakr, U’mar, U’thman and A’li, may Allah please from all of them.
Explanation Something obligatory collectively
Word
a E F k %
Word
\ ><
He clarified
Explanation Clarification
Word
R >?
./%
Terminology
C94 A % i
\N % 3E Z
Bringing out
V % &%
He explained
)
Z z H
He elucidate
D -
They drew their attention They did not go beyond them
Explanation
They became famous
Quranic Arabic Program
b%
Learning
196
Exposing
! % p
Level 03
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis 0 A ,?. ( / :* n , " < D >d Z Z F \ (./ B / " “n "I% H” ") E "./ 0 ,-1 ?/ \< 0 :?/ :lQ ,-1 “a ) \ <% 0 : ?/” lQ < d \ n o)F< b% \" .“o)F ” .N (< "# “ E ("j/ ª\E: , (%j Z ” 2 Z& (>/
E 4" # (R .H ,q. 0 p< Z /% :[ Z / ªh \E ª%h \"> Z / ie 0 \ J En %h ” 2 E (./ º H 0 ,-1 ª(./ 0 .ZNo a ?/ \< J p# / ªa>% ?I \ <% : >& ª~P % ? \ ) d # :Z. \ >% < \ J / "I Z>/ 0 -1 < d $igN \/ o )F Q c “.(>% H'U . E \/ o )F .>e A , >% ?p ; F g"# (> RF O pR , X : ª\Eq)F " # R "} ª=$ " Z./ X Qc ªZN:< \ ºe X R ,"& 2R ' ¸ ."# ÏlL , Ö N 3H # *R b # e Ö 3 . W .N ª0 >% ) FH , \ Eq)F " # ¸ N . % F c : >% ) F ¸ N . Ö
.R E .8 , . c ¸ ."# \/ X h >" H ªA c D 9 f3.£ \EQN \ ¸ a . jpR % .2 R "# P % < o )F :~, w ¸ ."# ª1R8"# < >% ) F .f3.£ \EQN \ ¸ a . ; "& D 9 / B ~ 2R d Æ Similarly, A’bdullah Ibn A’bbas was called “The Interpreter of the Quran”. He was well-known for understanding and the right knowledge of the meanings of the Quran. The Prophet prayed for him and said: “O Allah! Give him understanding of religion and educate him about [its] interpretation.” Here it [the word ‘taaweel’] means interpretation. From the companions who became famous due to the Quranic Exegesis, there is A’bdullah Ibn Mas’ud. He used to say, “Whenever a verse of Allah’s Book was revealed, I know about whom it was revealed, where it was revealed. If I know anyone who know Allah’s Book better than me, the riding animal will reach to him so that I get it from him.” A group of “Tab’een” learned the Exegesis from these companions. Hassan Al-Basri, Sa’eed Ibn Jubair, I’kramah the freed slave of Ibn A’bbas etc. are [famous] among them. They transferred it to those who were after them. The scholars [of later generations] and the leaders of Exegesis got it from them. They compiled it in form of books and wrote huge books that reached to us in this way. D – Approaches of the Quranic Exegesis The approaches of the Exegetes in the interpretation of Allah’s book are different. Two approaches are widely used – if you want, you can call them two dimensions – in that: The first approach is named “The Interpretation based upon Hadith & Companion’s Opinion”. The second approach is: “The Interpretation based on Judgment or Logical Reasoning”. For each of these two approaches, there are specific attributes which distinguish it from the other approach. In this following part of our essay, we shall try to identify these attributes and distinguishing features of each of these two approaches.
Explanation Features, attributes It is distinguished Inside Our essay
Word
D 9 h >" H
E .8 ³
.R
Explanation Opinions, plural of 2*
2 * Z>< H
Their followers
~: E
It is prepared Approaches, plural of ¸ G .
We shall try
2R d
Two directions or two approaches
Identification
B ~
Based on Hadith & opinions of Companions
Distinguishing attributes
; "&
Option
¸ N . N 3H 1R8"# P % 2 R "#
Logic, Wisdom
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
197
Explanation Interpreter Give him understanding Explanation It reached Riding animal
Word
"I% H (%j E 2R .H
E 4" #
So that I get from him
(>% H'U
They compiled
They wrote books
RF Level 03
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis 1 R8"# < >% ) F :i , Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 \% / ?8 ª(H En ? >F >? \ ( ) F n , $U I / ¶ "/ n o )FH ªD 4 "# Q < : E .\ >% " I% Z> / 0 R -1 \ >% < < d \/ ªlL )FH ª18"# < o )F w \ Z \ EQ K l 2 & 0 U K 4 E \” :º H ( < Z>/ Z .% " # q)R : “Z>/ " \EQ A” :º H (* o . nR < nR o )FH < \ QN (69:$ ). ) “.\ >% d $ : ~! \ >% Eq:q \ >% q>?. \ Z>/ 0 = :2 * M>[ Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 \/ ?8 "< E , “R R ” ;q)R : “.a *R \ Z% 4& Z ~:/ ” :º H (* o )FH ª ¶6E w' \ o )FH w \ . .~) < n o )FH < \ QN ªZ) X 1 M R E:d# ª; S R 98 “., e i ª, e i ª, e i” D >dA , ?8 " ªZ& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 I * < E XQN ) M R >[ “D F 0 $U I Le” :º H ( ?/ \ < o )FH ª< d .ZNo $U 4/ p/ :a N 3 Ö ª(./ 0 ,-1 a ?/ \ < Q >9H \/ P 1 ">& i ªJ >% w ; G E 1 o )F , f< \ / %E 1 :* .qP1 ? ªZ%Ep n o )FH , < w E / : " E ( Ö "/ Ö o)F \ ¸ ."# QN / x R [ 9E .o)F \ 5 . QN w< J >. >% & F O R .,< H q,< d i * +% ª .) n \ Ó R E q l H % $ & First: The Mathur Exegesis This term is meant the Quranic Exegesis based on three things: The explanation and details available in some verses of the Quran itself; the proved [Ahadith] from the Allah’s Prophet; the reported [opinions] of the Companions and their followers. Examples of the Mathur Exegesis include the interpretation of Allah’s words: “The way of those whom You blessed.” Here the ‘blessed’ people are explained in Allah’s words: “Those who follow Allah and His Prophet, they are people from the prophets, the truthful, the martyrs and the pious people whom Allah have blessed.” This [example] is from the category of Quranic Exegesis based on the Quran itself. Other examples [of Mathur Exegesis] include the interpretation of Allah’s words: “Prepare power for them up to your extent.” The word “Power” is interpreted in a [Hadith] proved about the Prophet. He said thrice: “Beware, the power means shooting. Beware, the power means shooting. Beware, the power means shooting.” This Hadith is reported by Muslim. This is the category of the Quranic Exegesis by Hadith. Examples of interpretation by the Companions include the interpretation of Ibn A’bbas about Allah’s words: “When Allah’s help will come and you will be victorious …” He interpreted this verse as the death of the Prophet as mentioned in Saheeh Bukhari. A large number of narrations about the Exegesis of Tab’een are reported. It includes the narrations from the disciples of Ibn A’bbas like Mujahid, I’kramah and A’taa etc. The books of Exegesis are rich about this type of interpretation. It is noted that in this approach of Exegesis – generally – only the proved narrations are relied upon while interpreting the Holy Quran whether that narration is from the Quran itself, or a Hadith or an opinion of a companion or Tabii’.
Explanation Definitely Students, disciples, plural of Q J >"H
Word
">& i Q >9H J >.
Rich Proved
< w
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Word
,
Shooting arrows
*
Coming near
I
Death
% E 1
It is narrated
198
Explanation It is intended Term It is interpreted as The blessed one
Word
: E D 4 q)R Z .% " # Level 03
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis : > O p R Q 1 8"# < >% ) F O R b \ .~P ?4 + { ( F jg ªn o )FH , >? K I Ö .R >4 / \ < (Fjg ªhEh p >% ) FH , h >I 1 d " # Ö .a >% w \< (Fjg ªZ>| n >% )FH Ö
P < o )F : ¶> 8 ?&< ( ª i XG I ª>< F¾ ( ZR8 ª2 , Z?> & + 9p )F " # : < Ii < n o)FH ª¸."# Q< : E .ß )."# É & . 2 h~. . Ii m E \/ P < o )F I
E ~, w ªP < n o )FH I + :/
E 2R ' ª F* o )F , ¸ ."# QN "/ , $ " QN ªa? a > ºe : .& N ªa "d P 1 W . ªaY9< ~+Q E i P lL R >< .q, > [ i q,| F B 9c (
E B 9# QN > [ , R " # .5 ! \ X : )E X : qEg E ( \RpE Z ª
# ºe : .& N ªa+Q P1 W .N .Z N f< ( ?*R , B 9c i P \ 5 . We’ll mention the following famous books of “Mathur Exegesis”:
Collection of Explanations in Quranic Exegesis, its author is Imam Tabari.
A Concise Writing in the Exegesis of the Exalted Book, its author is Ibn Attiya
The Exegesis of the Holy Quran, its author is Ibn Kathir
Second: The Exegesis by Reason This approach means the Quranic Exegesis by applying reason to it. It is after that an Exegete obtain knowledge of the Arabic literature and its styles of expression. Then he obtain knowledge of Arabic words and their different means. He also obtains knowledge about the reasons of revelation and the abrogating and abrogated verses. The scholars have two points of view in relying upon this approach. The first opinion is that the Quranic Exegesis by reason is not allowed. The second opinion is that ‘Exegesis by Reason’ is allowed by the method of applying logical process of “Ijtihaad”. The well-thought opinion about this difference [of opinion] is that it is just a difference of words, not a real one. Explanation of that is that the word ‘opinion’ is not generally bad. There may be a good opinion i.e. the one which is based on a reliable argument. About this type of ‘opinion’, there is no difference of opinion in scholars to accept it. There may be a bad opinion i.e. the one based on personal desires. There is nothing in the intellect or the Shari’ah that can support or declare it right.
Explanation Absolutely
Word
Y a 9<
Explanation
Word
É & .
Instructions that abrogate the previous ones
ß )."#
Explanation
Word
A writer or compiler of a book
jg
The written or compiled book
g I
It is based on
: .&
The abrogated instructions
Reliable
a ?
Two points of view
F*
Applying reason to understand the religion
Vilified, dispraised
+a Q
Well-thought view
R " #
Interpreter
)F " #
Personal desire (to commit evil)
#
Difference (of opinion)
B 9c
Styles of expression, plural of &
O > &
It does not vilified
~+Q E i
Meaning
It supports It declares right
: qEg E : )E
Quranic Arabic Program
What is based on a reliable argument
199
i a ? a > ºe : .& Level 03
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis ?E Z ª>: ºe : .)"# ?"# P < X:>* "e ªP m 4"< n o)FH : E Z P < n o )FH 3< * \EQ lb i .ie y > Ä,| F B a 9c ºe )"# X QN , B 9# 2R g E Q < .
# ºe : .)£ P ºe F E . Q :a [ 2a w / + £ QN , :2 * (15:N) “ >: >d # : EE \% ” :º H (* o)FH :./ ~P + { X 1 N ªo)F \ 5 2z : E E c n ie :2 * ZR8 ª H b H o < 5 Fi ª H ?q> >~: ; Q < K ~" : EE :a [ ' ÏmE:qh m Eq:q p \ g"# (> V 1 : .E 2 "/e / :"E E o )F QN D G - ª1 FpR < ie m >E i “1 . ie c , Z% y >% \ EQ l % R” :: < º H ( * ' ª p N " # / :ÃE Q P < o)F O ZN \ .X : )E >: X : .)E PQ P ., @ ,):' >[ < ( FR jg ªR>d" # d % ? Ö . ,&' (Fg ª, " # C 1 Ö N (>/
I ª,[94A Z >) H m > d : ./ N < ªo)F ,/ f< 9 A ÓE:[ ¶">) H y> ªp n o & F Z >) QN ªZ E + : H "< \ a &1: , : } ) ? @ >3 ."# lQ< ~. E ZN ÏME:d# &1: P &1: ºe ª( F 1 : ")* " ªZ. qc" # R A c ªZ P < o)F 18£ < o)F : \ Lc ) .M E:d # ¸ . O ) d P ¸ . / lH &1:£ XQN 1 * ªa2 d< l L ,.E ª\>% & 1 :"# ( www.islamweb.org
There is no doubt that those who allow Quranic Exegesis by Reason do not intend interpreting the Quran by absolute reason. They have restricted the ‘reason’ to be authentic and based on a logical argument. They do not consider it reliable and do not incline towards an opinion based on personal desires. In that way, the difference of opinion on this issue can be resolved that it is merely a difference of words, nothing other than that. At this point, we restrict ourselves to only one example of this type of Exegesis. It is brought by Imam Razi while interpreting Allah’s words “Whoever wants the worldly life…” He said: There it includes believers, unbelievers, truthful and atheists because all of them want to enjoy the worldly pleasures and its good things. They want to get benefit of its good things and desires. He further adds: The other part of the verse indicates that here only the unbelievers are indicated. After that, Allah’s words are: “They will have nothing in the Hereafter except the Hellfire.” It fits only to the unbelievers. It is clear that this interpretation of the verse is based on a logical argument that is supporting it. We describe some of the most important books of the “Quranic Exegesis by Reason” as follows: The Encircling Ocean, its author is Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi Al-Gharnati The Spirit of Meanings, its author is Alusi
As it is previously mentioned that this categorization is for the Quranic Exegeses. This categorization does not draw a hard line in types of Exegesis. It is just categorization of terms used by the scholars, especially those related to later periods. In the same way they have categorized the Schools of Thought for Jurisprudence as ‘The School of Reason’ and ‘The School of Hadith’. They give the title of the approach which is dominant in each of these schools. It does not mean that this School will be limited only to the approach of reason or the approach of Hadith. [Each of them may be using the other approach in different circumstances.]
Explanation
Word
m >E
It fits
Explanation
Word
m E:qh
Atheist
Explanation The restricted it
Word
X:>*
Related to terminology
,[94A
Enjoyment
K ~"
The turn to
They issued it
(>/
I
Pleasures
; Q
It is reconciled / interpreted
2R g E
Scholars of later periods
qc" #
Getting benefit of
5 Fi
He brought
1
Desires, appetite
; b
It fall under the category
Dominant
: } )
Quranic Arabic Program
200
F E
V 1 : .E Level 03
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis >% ) F O R b vX K " I .ÖN310 .& £ “qP ?4 a EI \ <% : "Ç” o)F Z # / \% 2 ª\Eq)F " # + { “ nR E# H \/ >? K I” ("&% :qP ?4 o )FH (1) . n o )FH , \" X:< $ I \ z I% X:" /% .Z E%p n o )FH , 2 ' K I "# p QN ~: E .Z>< H \ >% < < d 2 * (> £ ~, 1 # ~P ! h " / \ < "d Z & < + ä “ E X I , E *' >/ Eh.% m } [ \/ B !p # ” ( " &% :B !p >% )FH (2) 2R "I \ (> " ªnR \ J En >% , 3/{ X I \ ( > < " ª(>e ( F g m% ?)E Z o)FH ª>% ) F QN R " >* .ÖN468 .&
">& i ª+R \ a >% wp < "# \ (> 5 < " ª( 9< d& n 2 "I \/ . ! pE # K >4)E \ qP ! h y> ª( 9< q,nR Z |. q," Ì ?. QN F% : ª ' ª /{ ª >? ª 9? + R < [{ \ (< ª%ZN 1 b< R "# ª R @ < + "#{ \ (> < .\ Eq)F " # R*R ( < m / $ " 1R | (>e F 9 >"I <8 B !p >% ) FH / q,< ' E – The Most Famous Books of the Quranic Exegesis (1) The Exegesis of Tabari: Its name is “Collection of Explanations in the Interpretation of the Quran”. [It is written] by the leader of Exegetes, the one who compiled the art of Exegesis i.e. “Muhammad Ibn Jareer Al-Tabari”. He died in 310H. He collected the opinions of the Companions, their followers and the followers of their followers. This books is made the first source of the Exegesis of the Holy Quran. Whoever wrote a Quranic Exegesis after him has relied on this source. (2) The Exegesis of Search Light: Its name is “The Search Light about the Facts of Revelation and the Springs of Opinions of Exegesis”. It is written by Imam Abul Qasim Mahmud Ibn U’mar Al-Zamakhshari Al-Khawarzami (d. 468H). The value of this Exegesis is the that it is the Exegesis which has no precedent. When he explained the different aspects of the miracle of the verses of the Quran. He expresses the beauty of the Quranic organization and its eloquence. There is nobody capable enough like Zamakhshari to reveal the beauty of the Quran and the magic of its eloquence. He became an expert in this area by obtaining knowledge of a large number of disciplines. They include the knowledge about the [rules of] Arabic Eloquence and the knowledge of their poetry. He became distinguished due to his grip over the arts of eloquence, syntax, and literature. He transferred this intellectual and literary expertise to the Exegesis of Search Light and dressed it beautifully. The sight of scholars [divert to it] and hearts of Exegetes hang to it.
Explanation The art of Arabic eloquence The art of syntax, putting
/e on a word
Word
>? /{
Explanation
Word
<
He explained
3/{
Miracle
Explanation Source They relied on
Literature
'
Organization
Z |.
Search light
It gave
F%
Eloquence
9<
Revelation, coming down gradually
Excellence, expertise
Ì ?.
Magic
d&
Springs
It dressed Sight It hanged
(>e F
5 <
He became an expert
1R |
Knowledge
+ "# {
m /
Encircling
[{
Quranic Arabic Program
201
Opinions, plural of 2* Value There is no precedent
Word
K I "# : " /% B !p # Eh.% >/ E *' R " >* m% ?)E Z Level 03
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis >% ) FH . > + R , ( * + e Z jp " # ( > F q)F " # .ÖN606 .& ," # ~P \ Eq: " / \< : "d N :qP F O >@ D >H F (3) .a ? , $ hI f 898 \ >% .8 , K E 4 " # o& F \ “O >@ D >H F ” P F X Q N < / x R [ 9E .a ?& . \ w R Q> a ? 6 < ; E ?& . ªa? 6 < 1 ~) ?& . Q< .E ( X >% ) FH , qP F R E X I R QE > P1 O )[ O a ?& \ w ¶??& : [ E R Q> .2 h. ?& Q< .E ( " ªp H > : >< ; ?& ." # .; E @ < m > d J >% * J E @R M[ ? ( : 3 ª@ z < .E ª /{ X I ; U$ ; En ) , ( " >F / q ( } 1n D >IH ( > dH q, ! O N Q"< ¶ow .> > F ; w[ ?" # , K ~& < ª>A' : / ºe >% ! E F & 9F $ 1n Q< .E lQ Z * : q.F E ª N >% ; Fq ) , h "# 2 * / ~ E ª(?N Q , qP b' E / E3E ; Fq J @ ? (> # e 2R QN ª>% ) F ie $a ,b z R (> $ " < 2 * Q . > 9p >F ) F M [ ?" # , 4& :* N: q.F E p , ZH E | . >% ) F E 6* < E H , qP F ; 4& < !E ( ie (3) “The Keys of Hidden Treasures” by Fakhar Al-Razi: His name is Muhammad Ibn U’mar Fakhar ud Din AlRazi (d. 606H). He was a great Exegete, Jurist, Theologian and the leader of his time in the Logical Sciences. His Exegesis, “The Keys of Hidden Treasures” is one of the longest in all exegeses. It consists of 33 published parts. The method of Fakhar Al-Razi in his exegesis is that he describes relevance of Quranic Surahs with each other. He also describes the relevance of verses with each other. He describes something more than mere ‘relevance’. It is observed that some of these ‘relevance’ is not closely related and it seems an artificial link. Similarly he does so while describing the reasons of revelation. He describes one or many reasons for [the revelation] of a single verse according to whatever narrated about it. He also describes different aspects of reading and language. You will find short discussions about diction for even some useless items. He also indicates towards the Principles of Jurisprudence. He has a wide knowledge about the debates related to Jurisprudence. He is especially expert in Shafi’i School of Thought, its research, prioritizing his opinions [i.e. Shafii’s opinions over others] and refuting those who disagree with him. Similarly in the issue of the Attributes of God, he follows the Ash’arite School of Thought. He refutes the opinions of Mu’tazila in the issue of Attributes and also in other issues, he rebuts their opinions. Similarly he describes the opinions and theories of the Philosophers about ‘being’ and refutes them. He switches rapidly among Philosophical and Theological issues. That’s why some scholars say that there is everything in it [Razi’s Exegesis] except the Exegesis of the Quran. Although there is some exaggeration in this view but it is well-thought due to switching of Fakhar Al-Razi while describing some issues related to the Exegesis of the Quran.
Explanation Philosophers of Middle Ages
Word
F & 9F
Explanation
Word
Debates on disputed issues
; w[ ? ®
Views
; E |
Preference
D >IH
He switches rapidly between
4&
Refutation
q
Related to Theology
> 9p
?& .
Chapters of the Quran
1 ~)
He did in an artificial manner
p H
>F
Useless items
qP b'
He indicates
!E
A theological school of thought of Middle Ages
Description
E H
Another school opposite to Ash’arites
Issues, legal decisions
E 6*
A theological issue about attributes of Allah
h "# ; Fq )
: q.F E
He refutes
202
Word
Relevance
Those who disagree
They feel
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Rules The art of Principles of Jurisprudence Vastness, extension
; E @ >% ! E : / >A' K ~& H Level 03
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis #QE # :o )F , ( E .ÖN671 .& £ q,?R % R P1 ' : "%[ \ <% :"Ç 0 : ?/ ¦ + ä “n + p[' K 3# ” ( " &% :,?R % R >% )FH (4) . %/{ ( I % ; U$ < Z% E " ª+ p[' ; E k ~ : ./ $ F O N Q > # F + p[' R QE 2 R "# 1 8#" # \ No)FH QE ZR8 ; EU . F " # 4 " # o & F \ N
b p QN .“o a w \ <% o )FH” B % E ÖN774 .& £ “q, ! % : o a w \ <% >/ "%&e” ß q1g"# Sq:d"# x d :Z >| n o)FH (5) ªZ./ 0 ,-1 < d \/ 1 ªME:d # < ZR8 ªnR < n o )FH (> : " /% .qP ?4 o)FH : < ° w K I % " # ~: E ª1R8# " # < o )F , jR .(./ Z O 4 ¶. i ªD ) , 2 ' K I "# p QN ~: E .ÖN745 .& £ “q,)R: %' >[ \ < Ä,/ \ <% & E \ <% : "Ç” q)F"# ªqP%d. + ä : >d" # d? o)FH (6) .2 h~. ?& ; $ X I ªE d % . } )" # ªZE%p n F /e X I O R \ F&% .o )F 2AR \ 9 A % p QN ~: E ÖN1250 .& £ “j° % ! Ä,/ \ <% : "Ç” ( > F S q:d"# + ä : E: D % (7) O N Q QE ª F' \ %>w % E ª N$U *R ªq: " # ; U$ 1 E ª N . \ q>?E ZR8 ; E QE :o )F , ( E . >/ \ >% < ) .+ p[' ; En , $ F (1. .E: >9&{ I ª>< @ Z>H \ Lc ) .o )F \ ha I a >< ª F' , Cb / # H , "# o & F \ o G w W .N
(4) The Exegesis of Qurtubi: Its name is “The Collection of Quranic Injunctions” written by Imam Abu A’bdullah Muhammad Ibn Ahmed Al-Ansari Al-Qurtubi (d. 671H). His method of Exegesis is to mention the [Quranic] verses. Then their interpretation is described from Mathur and Logical methods. Then Juristic Injunctions and different opinions of the Jurists related to the verses are described. Different readings and forms of /e are also taken care of. It is one of long and detailed exegeses. (5) The Exegesis of the Great Quran: It is written by a great Memorizer [of the Quran], a Hadith expert, and a Historian “Ismael Ibn Kathir Al-Dimashqi” (d. 774H). It is known as the “Exegesis of Ibn Kathir”. This book is the most famous in the exegeses written on Mathur method. It became the second source after the Exegesis of Tabari. He bases the interpretation of the Quran by the Quran itself, then by the Hadith and then on the opinions of the Companions and Pious People of Old-Age. No student can avoid it. (6) The Exegesis of Encircling Ocean: It is written by a religious leader, a Grammarian, an Exegete, “Muhammad Ibn Yousuf Ibn Ali Ibn Hayyan Al-Andalusi” (d. 745H). This book has become the first source for I’raab of the Holy Quran, its grammatical issues, and knowledge about different aspects of Quranic reading and the reasons of revelation. (7) Victory of the Most Powerful: It is written by a religious leader, a Hadith Expert, a Jurist “Muhammad Ibn A’li Al-Shaukani (d. 1250H). This book has become a source of the Principles of Exegesis. He has got benefit of previous books and added to them. His method of interpretation is that the verses are described. Then their meaning are explained. Then different readings are described along with the readers. The syntax of a lot of words is provided and opinions of different jurists are described in the verses in which injunctions are described. There is a large number of Summarized Exegeses that limit only to explanation of meanings of the words. They also explain the abridged [verses of the Quran].
Explanation
Word
Reader of Quran, plural of
$U *R
Schools of thought, plural of O G N Q
O N Q
P1 *
Summarized, abridged
Abridged, summarized
ha I
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Word
( I %
Different forms
Explanation Related to Jurisprudence
Long
4 " #
Facing, exposure
Detailed
F " #
He gave importance to
Issues
} )" #
Readings (of text)
203
Word
> # F k ~ Z% E ; U$ Level 03
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis
%>) F VL"
Sample of the Quranic Exegesis
L &% i o)FH “.Z >I 4>% ! \ 0 < Q# &% n%R n ; # * L ” :º H 0 2 * “Z>I 4>! \ 0 < L/” . .$ , $ :% ? ?* Z >I 4>! \ 0 < Q >)E # n E 1 Le : ?% º H ( d?& 0 \ G QN $ 3#i ,N R L &% i .(./ > a / ,.wzd E ª(< ; % R % \/ ,: E P > ,.E , ,6 E 4>! \ 0 < \ d H o 3 &% P .o # \/ G 4 +G I% ( P 2J F ."< J > :Z >I ªaoc jR \/ ( ) % F < : >? N R 4>! . Äb PL qb \ 0 e
" ) % ? o)FH :.) % ¹ R 0 $ "%& \ $ "&% 898 / R ")? % "b :* .a " / 2a * z R 2 , ")? ~Od )H .º H ( d?& Xo (< Z) E Z f " q Z / N :0 ª N:[ \ Z &i QN . A c \ >% .g" cU , >"I m >: , º H ( d?& (" [% 1 2 "b / 2z : E . " [% \ m! ZG & N :\ " [% ª, w .lL d 0 Y m # Xo < 0 qZ) E Z , $ "&% ' Interpretation of Seeking Refuge from Allah Allah, the Exalted said: “Whenever you read the Quran, seek refuge of Allah against the rejected Satan.” This is an instruction from Allah to a slave who intends to read the Quran. He should seek refuge of Allah from the rejected Satan before starting the recitation. The meaning of “I seek refuge of Allah against the rejected Satan” is that I seek protection of and I fortify myself with the help of Allah against the Satan so that he may not harm me in my religious and worldly matters, he may not deviate me from the task I’m instructed and he may not incite me to do what I am forbidden. Seeking refuge is a request from Allah to avoid every evil of the one carrying an evil character. Satan is away from every good due to his disobedience and Rajeem is at the weight of > in meaning of a 2F. It means that he is rejected and expelled from all good things. Interpretation of Bism Allah It is preferable to read Bism Allah before saying or doing everything. It consists of three of the nice names of Allah: One of them is Allah: He is the name of the Lord of all worlds. It is not given to anyone except Him, the Exalted, the Great. The second one is Al-Rahman: It is a noun derived from mercy. It means that all of His creatures are included in His mercy. In the Hereafter, it will only be for the believers. This name is one of those names like the Creator, the Sustenance-Provider etc. which cannot be used for anyone other than Him.
Explanation Short form of 0 Name It means Inclusion in
Z)<
Word
" ) % ? Z / / 2z : E 2 "b
Explanation
Explanation
He incite me
,.wzd E
Seeking refuge of Allah
I was forbidden
>
Starting
Word
L &% i $ :% ?
$ 3#i
I seek protection
o 3 &%
One who is stoned, the rejected one
+G I%
I fortify myself
\ d H
Expelled
G 4
He harm me
,6 E
2J F ."< J >
He deviate it
,: E
Request
It is on the weight of > in meaning of 2F
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
204
Level 03
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis “. ¶">[1 f.g£ < ” :º H (* , " c , f .g"# < A # "%[ / 2z :E N . 6E "%[ \ m! ZG & N :Z >[ Rw 8 ,H$U * s : < :")? . .“ZG >[1 B G =$1 f.g"# <” º H (* , (< Z& (>/ 0 A 2 & A ªXo < 0 = "& , $ "%&' \ QN . c , ("%[< f .g£ Èc PQ Z >[ ªa$,b ("%[1 % & PjQ \ "%[ 0 Z & < ? ( R °b Ã$ * D The third one is Al-Raheem: It is also a noun derived from mercy. It indicates His special mercy for the believers in the Hereafter as mentioned in His words: “He is specifically Merciful to the believers.” This name is one of those names which can be used for others as He [Allah] has described the attributes of the Prophet: “He is merciful and kind to the believers.” The meaning of Bism Allah are: I start my recitation and open my recitation and all other matters blessed by the name of Allah, the Benevolent whose mercy is wider than every thing, the Merciful whose mercy will be specific to the believers in the Hereafter.
p R d H F o)FH
Interpretation of the Surat-ul-Fatihah Single Words Al-Hamd: Praising in a beautiful manner. It is more general than “thankfulness”. Its opposite is “dispraise”. Rabb Al-A’alameen: Their Creator, their Sustainer, and the Administrator of their matters. A’alameen is the plural of A’alam which means creatures. Malik: He is the owner and executor of everything. Yaum ud Din: The Day of Reward i.e. the Doomsday. “Daana” so and so means “he rewarded him”. Ihdina: Show us and support us. Al-Sirat Al-Mustaqeem: The clear way which has no twists and hindrances. Al-Maghdoob A’laihim: Those are the ones upon whom Allah became angry. They are those Jews and those similar to them who knew the truth but left it [deliberately]. Wa la Al-Daalleen: They are those who did not follow the truth. They are those Christians and those similar to them who deviated from the Right Path and said: “Jesus, the son of Marry, is the God.”
; F .~+Q X ~: ªp~! \ ~Z/ N ª>"3 # < $ .w ::%"d # f" .ZRb q<: ZR* 1 ZR c :f" 1 .m# # N Za / K "I B q " # l # " # O [ A :l >" # l " # l "# :l .(> (.E:E 9R J 9R . > + E N $ h3# + % E :\Eq: +%E .X I .% " < . .# j . : : N% .(> V I /% n i PQ D m E4 :Z> ) % "# q > Z N Z>/ 0 O 6 \EQ P :Z%> / 6@% "# .( H md# B / \" ZR w ZN qmd# ºe :% E Z \EQ ZN z 6 :fj 6 i Z' Z > )"# q \/ \" ZN ?b
1 . “.Z E% \ <% D >)" # N 0 U e” : *
Worth Reading! Form of religious rituals is very important but their real spirit is more important. Read the details in: http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0017-Spirit.htm Explanation Support us
Word
.# j
Explanation Planner, Organizer
Word
I start with
s : <
I open with
D
Matters, plural of J b
Rb
Twists, curves, hindrances
V I /% n
One who executes his powers
B q
They did not follow the right path
:% E Z
He rewarded / rewards
\ E:E
Similar, plural of (?b
X ?b
Quranic Arabic Program
.
Show us
205
Word
q<:
D
Clear
Explanation
Blessed
?
More general
~Z/
Dispraise
~+Q Level 03
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis
¶"&% pE e ª0 Z & < R* 0 Z & < s : <% :Qa .>[ E: 9 pE # e B Qd"# QN B a RQd"< "N $ ? < 1G 3 :Z& ª ÄI B [ $ ? :Z%)< : /{ . ")? , 4c f q) < $= ? A H “Z& ” \ A R h "% N B Q dH .0 Z & < ,H$U * 0 Z < , } :<% :Qa .>[ E: .$ > < ~3 E O .% E < K % > (< /e % E Z ) Q " # K%"3 < mG d # :f" (w ªWo :? i W:?% P % : >FE ( " E%: H .9F . O . o "6< > HgE O 3 E , K " # \ QN ª(% / +: H (< iF K * J F . O a >% " W Ee :: ?% W Ee .f ) % W Ee lL , :º H (* , " “ºe”
: E :* ªK "# QN , " ( ) F.<
: E : * R F QN E :# O 4< $= /: .N (< "# .$ > B Q[ / ,.?% Ä,} E È a * a R : N% : : N% 4# / ªZ> )£ q \ 2J : < :Z>/ "% % \EQ A .“ R \ Z ?% * \% .p# N% Z% Z% : % E Z% ” :º H (* ³ " +9 <
: ¶E :* “Za > ) % a A e P:% l e” ., F# . :> < $U ,I >% ."< .N i :i .\EQ \ 2J : < : >% .Xq)F E a ><
Grammatical Issues Bism: ‘Ba’ is the preposition. Ism: It is in the Jarr form due to ‘ba’. Both of them are related to an omitted word. This omitted word can be a verb, so the detail will be: I start with the name of Allah, or I recite by the name of Allah. It can be a noun, so the detail will be: My start is by Allah’s name, or my recitation is by Allah’s name. The Hamzah of Joining in the word Z& is omitted and ‘ba’ is directly joined with the ‘seen’ while writing Bism Allah only. A’alameen: It is joined attached with the
£ ) and in I O form by P
(i.e
Þ ) Q£ K¼. Its /e are: It is shown in K1 form by (i.e.
f£ ). [Note: Read the relevant lessons in Level 1 & 2 if it is not clear to
you.]
Iyyaka Na’budu: “Iyyaka” is a pronoun in O form written separately [from the verb]. It is a 2F which comes before its verb. This is one of the points where the pronoun is written separately [from the verb]. Writing it before the verb gives the meaning of restriction. It means “we worship You and don’t worship anyone else”. Similar is the case in “Iyyaka Nasta’een”. Ihdina: It is ,} E
È* which is based on an omitted ‘Ya’. It means here a prayer seeking guidance. This verb is
: within itself as it is in this point. It can be made
: with an ºe as mentioned in Allah’s words: “Surely, you guide to the straight path”. It can be made
: with a ‘laam’ as mentioned in Allah’s words: “Don’t you guide them how much nations before them perished?”
Siraat Allazina An’amta A’laihim: It is an explanation of the Z>
)£ or an >< 4/ explaining it.
Ghair: It is an explanation of \EQ . Wa La: Here the word i is in meaning of “not” and it is brought for negative emphasis. [Note: These fine-tuning debates in grammar will be explained at Level 5, Insha Allah.]
Explanation
Word
Explanation
The without /e. It is written but not read in joining words. Built by Being a transitive verb Explanation Explanation with a conjunction It is brought Negative emphasis
,.?%
: E 2J : < a >< 4# /
$U ,I , F# . :>H
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
A R h "% N
4c
In writing
mG d #
Attached
J F .
Distant
Explanation
Word
Noun with a preposition
1G 3
Two related to
Hidden, omitted
BRQd
Omitted words
E:
Bringing early
Z E%: H
My start
, } :<%
Limiting something
It is omitted
B Q dH
It is joined
A H
A type of verb (discussed in Level 4)
206
Ä,} E È*
Level 03
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis 1 ~) >% ) FH 0 p~! P :0 :"d# .0 : "d# RR* :2 * (p (>/ .w# E X ?/ ( ."- , ª() F / (< 0 = .8# $ .8 ª0 : "d# :\ >% " q 1 0 : "d# .X : [% 0 : "d# X:[ 0 ie N: < >dE i : >d % E i , Zq. \ X ?/ / Z "< ¶ c h/ 0
& R N ZG / K "I f" .I h/ 0 ie 2R E 9 m # L -{ < ie 0 >% @ R " % ) % E i ªBq " # l "# N ~ :f" ~ 1 .I ªO>N%H f" < ( qH , " (' “f" 1” :< “Z>[ \"%[ ” (< ( ) F A :~,? 2 * ª QN o)FH m ?& :* :Z >[ \ " [% :º H 2 * " ª(> % \ K . (/ / R /% R p> (>e ?# (. ?N% f< ( d?& ( H FA , K " 3 >% O > \ \"6 H " Z>[ \"%[ < ( * (50v15:49 3¹ ) “.Z >'U Q # N ,< Q/ .Z >[ 1 RF@ # ,q P ?/ Â# q?” ZE ªG:[ ( .I , K" <R \ 0 :./ \ g"# Z E ” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 (./ 0 ,-1 EN ¦ \/ ZG ) V c :* “.:G [ ( .I \ J .* "%[ \ 0 :./ p Interpretation of the Surah Al-Hamdulillah Rabb Al-A’alameen: The praise is for Allah. Allah has praised Himself. Inside it, He has instructed His slaves to praised Him. In that sense, He said: “Say, praise is for Allah.” It means that “thankfulness” is only for Allah because He blessed His slaves a lot of blessings which cannot be counted and their number cannot be imagined by anyone except Allah alone. Therefore, the praise is for Allah alone. Rabb Al-A’alameen: He is the Lord who is owner and executor [of everything]. This word cannot be used for someone else except in possessive case. When it is used absolutely, it is only used for Allah. A’alameen is the plural of A’alam that is everything except Allah. Al-Rahmaan Al-Raheem: Its interpretation is described previously. Qurtubi said: He described His attributes in a manner that “Al-Rahmaan Al-Raheem” comes after “Rabb Al-A’alameen”. The reason is that there was an intimidation in “Rabb Al-A’alameen”. He joined “Al-Rahmaan Al-Raheem” with it to add an inclination in it so that His attributes include being fearful to Him and being inclined to Him. With that a person becomes more adherer to His obedience and more refraining from His disobedience. As Allah said: “Inform My slaves that I am the Forgiver, the Merciful but My punishment is a painful punishment.” Muslim reported on behalf of Abu Hurairah that Allah’s Prophet said: “If a believer knows the punishment of Allah, he will never desire His paradise [and will only to get rid of the Hellfire]. If an unbeliever knows the mercy of Allah, he will never be hopeless about His paradise.”
Face the Challenge! What is the difference between the >6FH Explanation It contains inside it
Word
\"6 H
Adherer
R /%
Inform!
Â# q?
Punishment Hopeless
<R J .*
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Z%& and the FA Z%& ?
Word
B qH
Describing attributes
Explanation Inside
Word
\ "-
Intimidation
O >N%
So that they praise
.w# E
Invoking desire, opposite of O>NH
O >
They count it
>d % E -{
Being fearful to Him
(. ?N%
Linking, making a ³ -e O
Inclination to Him
(>e ?#
It is general without any specification
207
m # Level 03
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis ' l "# < \ E: + E Èc "e ( lEb i X:[ c >: , ( zR l "# ( ( d?& N ª > + E N $ h3 # + E l P :\ Eq: + % E l (78:38 ?. ) “. < A 2 * \ "%[ ( L \ ie "p E i” :º H 2 * " ( L< ie :G [ Z p E i $a ,b l Qa E /:E i >: W R \ X -E 0 = ( ~?d E p KG I ZG & R ? .l < ie f) i Wo : ? i &i < l ? < W:[% l ~ P :f ) % W Ee : ?% W Ee .$ I B # 5 6 # ?d " # 2 " K " 3E :,N .a 2a * \ ?H “f) W Ee” ° w .W % q! \ X ?H “:? W Ee” 2' ª\>% >."# \EQN ºe ( K I E “\ Eq: ” ª/ 4 2R " N QN ªz :, N &i f< 6 [ * ( p 0 / \ g"# .8 " ( J : } (> ª; F i : 4 # ºe ?>@ \ + 9p 2 d H .f" 1 0 < ie R 2 d# . a R* \/ Qa .>[ ( ? 0 P : E Maliki Yaum id Deen: It means that He is the Owner of the Day of Judgment i.e. the Day of Resurrection. He has the ownership of this world and the Hereafter alone. There is no associate to Him in it. He has specified the Day of Judgment to His ownership because the kings of this world will not claim the ownership of anything that day. Nobody will talk without His permission as He said: “Nobody will talk except the whom the Merciful has given permission. He will also talk the right.” Iyyaka Na’budu wa Iyyaka Nasta’een: It means that we specify the worship only for You and we specify seeking help only for you. We do not worship anyone else and we do not seek help from anyone except You. Worship is a comprehensive name that include all sayings and actions that Allah’s loves and pleases. It is that comprises of perfection in love, submission, fear and hope [of Allah]. Seeking help means complete reliance [on Allah]. It is the perfection of obedience. The word
\E: [in +E l
\E: ] is the source of these two meanings. First of them is :? W Ee which disapproves polytheism and the second one is f) W Ee which disapproves the power and force for anyone except Allah, the Lord of all worlds. The words are changing from the third person to the second person in order to draw attention [of the audience]. There is an important indication in it that when a believer praises Allah, it is like that he becomes close to Allah and reaches in front of Him. Then he talks to Him due to this closeness.
Rule of the Day! By default, all nouns are in their K1 case. If a noun has an 2 before it, it will have only a single fathah, kasrah or dhammah at its end. Do you know? In Arabic Sermons, it is common practice to change 1st person to 2nd and 2nd to 3rd etc in order to draw attention of the audience. This is common in the Quran. For example, in Surah Fatiha, Allah is described as 3rd person, then suddenly, the reciter calls Him as a 2nd person. It is called ; Fe. Explanation It changed Being third person O} Second person - [ Drawing attention: In Arabic, pronouns are changed to draw attention of the audience
Word
2 d H ?>@ 4c ; F
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Word
$ I
Hope
&i
Seeking help
z
Reliance (on Allah)
?H
Disapproval
2 d#
Force, power
208
Explanation It is specified to The claim, they call Right We specify You Submission
Word
Èc /:E
< A l ~ 5 6 # Level 03
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis } ) 2 [ R " QN ª2 g) < O j E O & (>e EF + "H ( ? ¤ 9ce Z8R º H W1 ?H 0 / $ .w + : H " :Z > ) % " # q : N% .R " ' (' (>e 0 = : b 1 Q ( I [ 2R )E ZR8 (RN N "< ( R) C : "E % 1 " :E :# ( q>?. º H (* , " ma >H R E :N “Za > ) % a A e P:% l e ” º H (* , " J i a b1e R E :N : E :N p n , ; ªqmd # m E / . ! 1 E P ¶>"I \% E¾ R ! R E :# .N "# “$= !E \% P:% E ( \p ?% ?[% \% P:% H i l e” : 6E Z& (>/ 0 A .Xo X ?/ \ 0 = R ? E i PQ ~md # N + 9&{ \ E N Z > )£ < "# .W - < RF l< Q/ \ 3 .% . ( ) .# j Z > )"# m E4 .\ E:"# f.g"# \ qmd # / R :" # ; ?w (< " # .N $= /: j 6 i Z% >% / 6@% " # >% Z% >% / "% % \ EQ A ª(> V / i PQ R N ªm < ) $ /: , (>e E :# R4"# G A % :f Z % \ EQ K l % R 2 & 0 U K% 4E \% ” :º H (* , " .d $ : ~! E: ~>?. :ZN Z>/ 0 Z % \ ( p & PQ R l / 4< Z>/ " \EQ R A : "./ 0 ,-1 a ?/ \< \/ (4:69 ). )“. >1 l % R \ ) [ f d $ : ~! f Eq:q f q>?. \% Z% >% / 0 =
" > Z N (./ R:/ md # " / \EQ ZN .Z>/ 6@"# A >% N .fd $ :! f E: l } >? l p }9 \ lH ?/ . n ; En (>/ % M E:d# , $U I Ihdina As-Sirat Al-Mustaqeem: First praise of Allah is mentioned, then the worship is specified for Him, and all matters are delegated to Him, now it is appropriate to ask question after it. This is best way for a seeker to praise the one from whom he is asking according to his ability. After that he should ask for his desire. For that Allah has guided because He is the Perfect. Guidance: As mentioned in the Quran is guidance about two things: The guidance for showing the right path as mentioned in Allah’s words, “Surely You guide to the straight path”; and the guidance as a support [to the right path] as mentioned in Allah’s words about His Prophet, “Surely you do not guide whomever you like but Allah guides whomever He wants.” Here the guidance includes both of these matters. It means: “O Lord! Guide us on the path of truth, i.e. the straight path and support us to reach at it so that we get rid of Your punishment and become successful by obtaining Your pleasure. The ‘straight path’ means the religion ‘Islam’. This is the truth. Allah does not accept anything else from His slave. The objective of this prayer is to seek firmness and endurance on the truth to become rightly-guided believers. Sirat Allazina An’amta A’laihim Ghair Al-Maghdub A’alaihim wa la Al-Daallin: This is description of the desired way in the previous prayer. This is the way which is without any twist. The is the way upon whom only those reach who are blessed by Allah. They are the prophets, the truthful, the martyrs and the pious people as mentioned in Allah’s words: “Whoever will follow Allah and His Prophet, he will be with those whom Allah has blessed i.e. the prophets, the truthful people, the martyrs and the pious people.” Reported about Ibn A’bbas that he said: “This is the way of those whom You blessed because of their obedience and worship for You. They are from Your angels, prophets, truthful people, martyrs and pious people. This is not the way of those about whom Allah became angry. They knew the truth but deviated from it. They were the Jews as mentioned in the Hadith and indicated in the Quranic verses.
Explanation
Word
So that we are rescued
3 .% .
We become successful
RF
Endurance
R : ®
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Word
2 R)
The one who is asked
Explanation Submission, delegation
Word
EF
He guided
: b 1
It fits, it is appropriate
O &
Guidance
a b1e
It is followed by
Oj E
Support
ma >H
Question, seeking something
Reaching to something
W &
Perfect
209
2 g) R " Level 03
Lesson 12B: The Art of Quranic Exegesis 0 2&1 & :2 * ( (./ 0 ,-1 ë [ \< qP: / \/ P 1 .
1 . Z N Z I O ?)< qmd # ºe :E i Z Z # : \EQ f 6 A i , “i” .Y a R \ PQ :"%[ X 1 “.
1 . ” :2 * “.f 6 i” ª"> ZN" :2 “Z>/ 6@£ o” º H (* \/ Z& (>/ 0 A .“o” \ + F"# , F. : >H “f 6 i” :(* 2&1 ” :2 * ( (./ 0 ,-1 EN ¦ \/ P1 " “! 1 E O % 3 & ” ."< a Z & N “fn” N: < 2 E d H F R E \" ~Od )E :J : } .I \< < X 1 “.2 ' q \ ( >E \ K " )E [ fn :2 * “f 6 i Z>/ 6@£ o” 9H Le Z& (>/ 0 A 0 It is not the way of those who lacked knowledge and did not be rightly-guided to the truth due to their lack of knowledge. They are the Christians. Reported by A’di Ibn Hatim that he said: I asked Allah’s Prophet about Allah’s words “Not the way of those about whom You became angry”. He replied: “They are the Jews.” And “not the way of those who deviated”. He said: “The Christians.” Ahmed & Tirmidhi reported it from different chains of narrators. The word i in these words is to put an emphasis on the negative meaning given by o. Note: It is preferable for the person who recited the Fatihah to say “Aameen” after it. It is a noun in meaning of verb. Its meaning are “O Lord! Accept it.” As reported by Abu Hurairah, he said: “The Allah’s Apostle when he used to recite f 6 i Z>/ 6@£ o, he used to say “Aameen”. The people of the first row used to listen it.” Abu Dawood and Ibn Maja reported it. What can be derived from the Surah? The Surah contains the following: Praise of Allah, His glorification and His exaltation by His Nice Names that describe His High Attributes. Description of the Hereafter. It is the Day of Judgment and Reward. Allah’s guidance to His slaves to ask from Him and beg from Him and deny their force and power [in front of Him]. Purification of worship for Allah and His Oneness as a God, and declaring Him free of any association. Asking guidance from Allah for the straight path and endurance over it until they reach at [the place of] Allah’s pleasure with the prophets, the truthful, the martyrs and the pious people. Seeking Allah’s refuge in this way from being one of those about whom He became angry and cursed them and those who deviated from the truth and did not seek guidance for it.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Begging
5 ~6
Glorification
Being a ‘god’
>N R'=
Requiring
Declaring pure from Being steadfast
(Eh.% H >?w
Quranic Arabic Program
:/ R 1) X Q N % "b :1~) \ F)E .)d# ( } "&% Q< (>/ $= .w X : >3"H 0 : "% [ . > ( H F R h )"# .$ h3# > +E P “\E: +E” N " # L \ ? (>e 5 ~6 ( g& ºe 0 ?/ b1e .ZH* Z[ \/ ( Eh.% H >N R'= < X : >[H 0 ? ¤ 9ce .lE! [ (>/ >?w Z> )£ ºe E :# 0 2R g& $ :! f E: f>?. K 0 -1 R .E .fd \ Z. Z>/ O 6 \ a >?& W & \ 0 < LR ~ .(>e :E Z md# \/ z
Word
: >3"H R h )®
>
High
" #
The Day of Judgment
210
Explanation They changed
Word
R:/
Lack of knowledge
I
Important Point
J : }
It includes
% "b Level 03
Lesson 13B: U’mar the Great The Result: Calculate your score. Each paragraph carries 10 mark. If your score is less than 80%, repeat the exercise. The translation is provided for each paragraph. Text in parenthesis [ ] is the information not describe in the original Arabic text but its sense is understood. U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab, May Allah be pleased with him (13-23H / 634-644CE)
(+644 v634 /ÖN23v13)
(./ 0 ,-1 4 # \ < " / X : ( ?)
q:3 # , Z& (>/ 0 A 2 & K ( ?) K "3E .r ER* } !/
:[e ªO \< P:/ ,.< \ ªC <1 \<
h :?/ \< >F \< 4Á \< "/ N .ZNo f< Z.>< Z.>< d # ?! Le ZN >% F & r E* R 1 F& (>e H & r E* B b \ .(Pg \< O N) K < ) , ?. ( / f ")£ / :E:b ..& ! / S 9w< >F + / : < : ªZ& (>/ 0 A , ?. lQ< ( ? .Y 1 F < O E È a F[ < .p E .+ 9&{ (< h/% w? \ & ) .) , Z & E :# < Z& (>/ 0 A
( 9&e 0 ” : 4Á .< R " ( c V "/ qZ/ \ < N a >F \< a"/ \< :a E \< : >& 2 * .Z>/ ~:!E f ")£ PLgE ?> E* 9 I 1 "/
F c \ " pH R N | ( H:b \p ª(.E \/ X : > ( 9&e O ?)< :>& "/ <1 QpN“.Z )E # ?* + 9&{ / , 8" "/ e ,.E1 : . *1 "%[1 His Family & Place of Birth He is U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab Ibn Nafeel Ibn A’bdul Uzza Ibn Rabah. He is from Banu A’di Ibn Ka’ab, one of the clans of Quraish. His family descent meets with that of the Prophet at the seventh grandfather i.e. Ka’ab Ibn Luwe. He was one of honorable people and chiefs of Quraish. He had the position of diplomacy of Quraish. When a war was declared within themselves or between them [Quraish] and others, he was sent as a diplomat. His Kuniyyat is Abu Hafs and his title is Farooq. The Prophet gave him that title. He was born in 13 years after the year of Elephants. He was very harsh for the Muslims. The Prophet prayed for his guidance. He converted to Islam in the 6th year after announcement of Prophethood and made Islam powerful. His Conversion to Islam U’mar was a powerful and venerable man. He used to tease Muslims and torture them. Sa’eed Ibn Zaid Ibn A’mr Ibn Nafeel, the cousin of U’mar and the husband of his sister Fatima Bint Al-Khattab, said: “By God, I have seen that U’mar, before his conversion to Islam, used to tie me up due to my Islam.” U’mar used to tie up Sa’eed due to his conversion to Islam in order to prevent him from his religious obligations. But this harshness was only ostentatious. Behind it, mercy and soft-heartedness was hidden.
Explanation One who tied me It was hidden Soft heart, weeping lightly
Word
, 8 \ " pH *1
Explanation
Word
w?
Announcement of prophethood
Explanation Embassy, diplomacy
R 1 F& ?!
He strengthened
h/%
It fixed
Venerable, fearful
?>
He was given the title of
The year of elephants i.e. the year in which Makkah was attacked by a force of elephants. It became a referral point in their history to count the number of years.
Quranic Arabic Program
211
Word
O E >F + / Level 03
Lesson 13B: U’mar the Great "/ ?* Le ª .H I [ < , G / O N L :* ª!?¹ k 1 ºe R d H% . e 0 ” : * Ö !?¹ I \ ,N Ö "w[ ¦ .< 0 :?/ + ; % ¡ c :% , \I . ª0 Z” : “¬0 : ?/ + E Y 94%9 (e” :2 Ö .>/ :b .
L $ 9? \ .R ( b / N Ö * [ 4Á \< . .I c
1 "> ( h [ :* B ZR8 N 1 \% Z *1 ( E1 “.0 = Z pR ?d A ” :2 “. ¶I 0 3E [ "H% * "ELn 0 k 1 Z )E 9” :2 * “.Z% ” : * “¬( 9&e , % " ” :2 * “. .>/ ( h[ ( *1 Fn "/ E1 !0 : ?/ < E” :( R .l H ( I d< G / $U 3 : % * 2R &1 : .
* "# : [ :?E .+ 9&{ / ( H*R ( | \
E " “.(. ¶&E” : * “. 4# 1 "[ Z )E [ E1 PQ .( < ( .E .E 0 U /:E Z& (>/ 0 A 0 :2 * “. 4Á \< "< a I ¦< :l>e fI \EQN O[ < + 9&{ h/ Z ” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 "./ 0 ,-1 "/ \ < \ Z k E m > >? < ")£ A + 9&{ (< h/ ' 3# O / lL ª"/ Z& XU$ / 0 = 3& 1“. "/ "~?[ "/ Z& " "/ Z& [ >? < j K >4) .E1 : ” : 6E 2 * “. "/ Z& QR . h/ . ” :(./ 0 ,-1 a ) \< 2 * . !£ 2. ¶ ( 9&e e” :2 * “. R H [ Z H * Umm A’bdullah Bint Abu Hathma – one of the migrants to Abyssinia – told: “By God, we were about to travel to the land of Abyssinia. A’mir [her husband] went to some essential things. U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab came and stood. He was on his hunting mission. We were thrown in this trouble due to torture and excruciation on us. He said: “Are you traveling, O Umm A’bdullah?” I said: “Yes, by God, we are going out in Allah’s land because you torture and excruciate us. Allah will make an abode for us.” He said: “May Allah accompany you.” I saw him weeping lightly that I’d never seen before. Then he returned and our migration made him sad. She said: Then A’mir came back after fulfilling his need. I said to him: “O Abu A’bdullah! Have you seen U’mar previously and his weeping with grief (now)?” He said: “Do you desire for his conversion to Islam?” I said: “Yes.” He said: “He will not convert to Islam until you will see that the donkey of Khattab convert to Islam.” She said: “It is despairing.” When he saw his power and force after converting to Islam, it appeared that the guess of that woman was more strong. Allah’s Prophet used to pray Allah to seek help for His religion by him. Narrated by Ibn U’mar that Allah’s Apostle said: “O Allah! Strengthen Islam by your favorite man out of these two: Abu Jahl or U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab.” He said: “U’mar was the favorite of these two.” 1 Allah accepted his prayer and U’mar converted to Islam. This was after the first migration (to Abyssinia). Islam was strengthened by him and Muslims prayed in the old house (Ka’aba) without any objection from the pagans. Ibn Mas’ud said: “We became powerful since U’mar converted to Islam.” He further said: “I have seen that we were not able to perform prayer at the Ka’aba until U’mar converted to Islam. When he converted, then he fought with them and they left us.” He said: “His conversion to Islam was a great help.”2
° ?¾ PQ D>dA ª48/7 3[ \- + / 1: – d>d E?. o) – "/ +9&e | (2) .2907 Z*< 304/3 Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
He guessed
: [
A place of coming out, an abode
¶I
Strengthen!
h/
He may accompanied you
Z pR ?d A
m >
Old It exposed
k E
He fought
H *
Quranic Arabic Program
¶&E
Hopeless
( |
His strength
:?E
It appeared
212
Explanation
Word
We traveled
R d H%
Going
Y 94%
His trap, his hunting mission
(b
You teased us
"ELn
You subdued us
"H% * Level 03
Lesson 13B: U’mar the Great ( R 6 ( H FA < + 9&{ , B / ª/ 3~! [ F < > N 3# , B / :* ªXRH * Z% H * !£ ( k H (./ 0 ,-1 4Á \< "/ Z & # : < 3[ Z >N # 1. ! < X !< .3 # < X : 3" 2R & X !< :* .f .g£ ; ' ( d % f .g£ ;
( >< 0 ,-1 4Á \< "/ ºe E A < A :* p< < 9# a p< < E , 1 be f ")£ ºe 1 b :* Z& (>/ 0 A 2R & Le
0 $ 6* \ , 6 [ :* . E” :2 ( " I . ( K " 3E ( F>c 1 >ci X R lL , . 1 !& :* p< < (./ ,)F , ZRn i N ie (e i PQ 0 ª,E1 Zp ; :% I Zb ªZR E ªZR: / R H E ªZp< ,jE Z ,E a I1 \ Zp :<i (e H 2“.0 $ b e Zoc Zp 1 c ªGP1 Zp : I&” :2 * “. . % c ." / oc !0 2 &1 U F>c E” : * ª . p< p? “. %>c His Personality Attributes and Moral Excellence After the U’mar’s conversion to Islam, the pagans confronted with him. He fought with them and they fought to him. During ignorance period, he was well-known for his eloquence and boldness. After Islam, he became wellknown for power, solemnity, piety, justice, mercifulness, knowledge and understanding. He was righteous in his words and actions. On a number of occasions, the Quran supported his opinion e.g. making the standing place of Abraham as a place of prayer, veil of the Mothers of Believers and his sincerity with the Mothers of Believers. The Prophet gave him the good news of [entering into] the Paradise due to his dignity. He also gave him news for martyrdom.1 The Oath of Allegiance for Him The Prophet indicated to the Muslims to appoint Abu Bakr on Caliphate. Abu Bakr advised to U’mar the same for U’mar. Abu Bakr used to get opinion of people in that matter. They gave him the authority to appoint a Caliph for them. He instructed to gather the people. When they gathered, he said: “O people! Allah’s decree [of death] has reached to me as you see. Definitely there will be a man who will lead you in your matters and prayers. He will fight with your enemies and will guide you. If you want, I can exercise my opinion. By Allah, there is no god except Him, I will not neglect any good for you.” He burst into tears and people also starting weeping. They said: “O the Caliph of Allah’s Prophet! You are the best and the most knowledgeable among us. You select [a Caliph] for us.” He said: “I will exercise my opinion for you and will select you the best of you, if Allah wills.” 2 (1) The Period of the Rightly-Guide Caliphate, Dr. Akram Zia AlU’mri, P. 67. (2) Leadership & Politics, Al-Deenuri, Volume 1, P. 25
Explanation He governs I use my intellect I neglect you Select!
Word
,E ; :% I ZRn % c
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation Covering body modestly
P" $ >- + / 1: ª:b 9Á / (1) .25/1 P1.E: ª& >) { (2) .67 ¤
Word
3[
Explanation Eloquence, fluency
[ F
Bravery
/ 3~!
Sincerity
D %
Bequest
E A
Righteous, one who talks in righteously
They appointed him their agent
X R
Number
213
Word
q:) :/ Level 03
Lesson 13B: U’mar the Great X:/ 2 :./ ª . ¶I1 c >: < X : / cn , a d* ¦ \< a p< < (< : / QN .Z>[ \"%[ 0 Z)< O % R ” :2 a F/ \< "w/ p< < / 0 U 2n Z °e . > ( " &% 4Á \< "/ P:< Zp>/ F# & ,e . L p Y q: E ªI F \ * E p \ gE M R >[ ª > 9 c c < Z >& ªO>@ Z / i ; % 1 >% # ªZ#8{ \ O ) $a
jpR 2 :< # ª(> ,"/ (< ,q. lQ 2 : / # ª ¶>% c ZR Ee ,)F (.E (&1 1“.(H < 0 "%[1 Zp>/ +9) ª? .E O a . ~P " \EQ
Z p d # , (<R& 0 U : " d ?."# : A p< ¦ : < 9# < K E< : . (./ 0 ,-1 mE: p< ¦ ( F & ¸ . / Z p d # , (./ 0 ,-1 4Á \< "/ 1 & :q! | @ ,.*1 ª c 1 : l I =$ @< ªqmd # " < l / N' ,.q> x J > °e Z . . 5 a ,e ! . E E” :2 * ZR8 ª(>/ .8 i a EQ?H i B a & o \ :* B "# O } , ,.q) D G >db °e Z .Z>/ $ :/ i Z ,q. Za R o \ Y Fq. 1 /: N l } :/ / 2 ( ?4c 2 9c \ Z p d # , (<& D 6 E “.f.g" O 3# \ >% C .3 # Fc ,.*1 Z . c 1 : l I lQ< , @ < ,.I a "& i $a E1 .(./ 0 ,-1 p< ¦ ?4 < !" # Abu Bakr called U’thman Ibn A’ffan and said: “Write: In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Eternally Merciful. This is what promised by Abu Bakr Ibn Abu Qahafa in his last time at the world while he is going out of it, and at the first of his promises at the Hereafter while entering into it. This is the time when an unbeliever believes, a corrupt person becomes certain [about the result of his corruption], and a liar starts speaking the truth. I appoint U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab after me, so listen and obey him. I do not ignore Allah, His Prophet, His religion, myself and you for any good. If he becomes just, it will be according to my thinking and knowledge. If he changes [himself], then there is a sin for every person what he earns. I intends the best [for you] and I do not know the hidden. Soon the offenders will know when they’ll return to the returning place. Peace be upon you with Allah’s mercy & blessings. His Style of Governance U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab followed the approach of his precedent Abu Bakr Al-Sidddique in governance. At the time, when he was given with the oath of allegiance after the death of Abu Bakr, he climbed on the pulpit, glorified Allah and praised Him and said: “O people! I am praying, say Amen. O Allah! I am harsh, make me soft for Your obedient people, in complying with the truth and in seeking Your pleasure and the home in the Hereafter. Bless me with harshness and strength over Your enemies i.e. people of corruption and hypocrisy, without any injustice or offence against them from my side. O Allah! I lack sufficient capacity. Make me active in the incidents of piety without the intention of overspending, lavishness, ostentation and ill-fame. Make me the one seeking Your pleasure and an abode at the Hereafter. O Allah! Bless me with a lower arm [of mercy] and softness for the believers.” His style of governance becomes clear at the time of his speech similar to that of Abu Bakr.
Explanation Your enemies, plural of
:/
Corruption
Word
Explanation
Word
K E<
Explanation
l } :/
He was given the oath of allegiance
1 /:
He left after him
&
An immoral person
He believes without any doubt
Word
\ * E I F
Having insufficient capability
D G >db
He climbed
: A
I appoint as a Caliph after me
Make me active!
,.q&
Say (You all!) Amen: “O Lord, accept it”
.
I am not neglectful
2n Z
Incidents, plural of ?}
O }
Make me soft!
,.q>
I intend
; % 1
It became clear
D 6 E
Hardness, harshness
Quranic Arabic Program
| @ 214
On who returns
F# &
O . Level 03
Lesson 13B: U’mar the Great >/ D / ) [ F"# m ."# & >& D F 4 c Z & ª> £ 1 ä Z>|. ª>% <: + hd# & >q) \ )[ ( 9c , "/ :* .\ EI "# \ 2 d# & a I1 ; R ( HR* ª(<R * >
c $ q! [ ie 2 "# >< \ Q c' z d )E i . 9? , 2 : *e .y F. < R w 0 / \ )[ K >/ \ E: X 3H >g)"# < m >" X 1b \/ a *: < q? H i ºe ( R } &1 (?4 c
(./ 0 ,-1 4# \< "/ 2 "/ Z N A c : E:3 # B |z ; ?j4 >d # ; 9p! I K >4)> lL f H i a E * a "E%h< >9&{ : Z >|.< (./ 0 ,-1 4Á \< "/ :< :(./ 0 ,-1 ( "/ ~ZN l >e <.I i "b < *b >9&{ : R *1 % ) H :./ U’mar became distinguished in his Caliphate period for excellent policies, security, planning, organization, administration and finance. He established the scheme of victories. [He also designed the] policies for conquered areas for taking care of the interests of general public and for establishment of justice in such countries. He did not considered it lawful to take anything [as salary] from the public funds except a garment for winter, another for summer, a camel for his riding, food items similar to an average person of immigrants. His speeches and letters to the governors and leaders express: the fine depth of his thinking; his sense of responsibility for the religion and general public; along with his nice trust in Allah; and his self-confidence. Important Works of U’mar U’mar started with organization of Islamic State with a firm power which was not weak. Its objective was to enable him to face the troubles of life and especially the demands of new conditions that the area of Islamic state was expanding in the East, West, North and South. Some of his works are described for you:
Explanation Responsibility
Word
>g)"#
Explanation
X 3H
Suit, garment
Confidence
R w
Winter
Country
:
Summer
Firmness of decision
a " E% h/
She-camel
It did not become soft
f H i
Riding
Facing
I
z d )E
He allows
It faces
Word
Firmness
+ hd#
$ q!
Planning
>% <:
Organization
Z>|.
* R1 ;R*
1 e
Finance
> £
He drew, he established
Z & 1
Average
Conditions
B |z
Governors
i
Areas, plural of
Leaders
Taking care of
Area
R *1 Quranic Arabic Program
&
Administration
; ?j4 % ) H
q? H
It expresses
215
& >q)
Policy
Demands
It became free
Word
[ >
Edible items
Explanation
4 c
Guidelines
Interests
4.
m ."# ) D Level 03
Lesson 13B: U’mar the Great . > "# R 1 ( ?!E PQ V # R E ª5 q: R 1 . E , ( ?!E PQ : .3# R E y & \E : (1) .: E? Z | " >9&{ : Z E% H & qP 3# ÉE1 I pR 6R \ >/ f")£ 2 >< ! (2) . > < ( )/ f")£ 2 [ X : F# H lL \" >/ < ( "N (3) .V # ./ :E # / \ >% <1 d " # \ >% < " >) H \ i :< \ >% q> A' N P: E< [ F" # , 1' < (4) \ )[
< R E \" i 1 E f ")£ 2 >< \ X QR c E G :d O G H 1 ( 9 / a Ei jR / \ >/ ; a Ei ºe [F£ 9? Z )* (5) .Z< ) % Z < ) [ ºe |. 1 { .9? l H , >9&{ : h p N o , 4 )FR Y , pR ? w [F£ 9? , a : :/ $ ! < (6) (1) He organized the government departments. He founded the Military Department similar to present day’s ministry of defense, the Tax Department similar to the ministry of finance. (2) He established the “House of Wealth of Muslims” [i.e. treasury for public funds]. He appointed judges and reporters. He made the Hijri Calendar as the base of the calendar of Islamic State. Similarly he organized [the system] of mail. (3) He was concerned about the general public. He patrolled [himself] at night to get the missing information about the Muslims. (4) He kept the land of conquered countries in hands of its original owners instead of dividing it between the warriors with a condition that they will pay a land tax for it. (5) He divided the conquered countries into provinces and appointed a governor for each province. For him there was a fixed salary which he used to take from the public funds. He used to select the governors well-known for piety and good administration [purely on merit] without looking at their family and descant. (6) He instructed to found a number of cities in the conquered countries e.g. Al-Basra, Al-Koofa at Iraq and AlFustat [present-day Cairo] at Egypt etc. The objective was to make them a center for the Islamic State in these countries.
Explanation
Word
Z )*
He divided Provinces
; Ei
Explanation Reporters, plural of
OH
Word
pR Z E% H
Calendar
Explanation Departments, plural of E
Word
\E :
He established
y &
Z |
Military
: .3#
Salary
O G H 1
He organized
Determined
G :d
Mail
: E?
Ministry
R 1
General public
>/
Defense
5 q:
y/
Land tax
V #
Noble status, plural of O)[ Noble descents, plural of O)
)[ )%
Originating Cities, plural of .E:
Quranic Arabic Program
$ !e a :
He patrolled at night Land
,- 1'
He started
!
Original people
\ >% q> A'
He appointed
\ >/
Fighters
\ >% <1 d
Judges, plural of ,- *
216
6R Level 03
Lesson 13B: U’mar the Great X : / , ; [ F .+ ~ FR 9? (./ 0 ,-1 a p< ¦ : / , : < PQ D F , 1 "&i + 9&{ ! 3 # R A (./ 0 ,-1 Y 1 F ; " N \ 9< , ,9&{ r >3# K - 9& / " # : < a 1 9< Y D F ( "N (./ 0 ,-1 4Á \< "/ ( I : 1 9< Y D v $ ? < (>/ ; % 1 b f")£ R "I \p ( ) F.< r >3# R E , O 1 ( F># | , (1 Y D N ) ' QN >" N% \ ´ < :* .+ ! .(./ 0 ,-1 ¤ a * ,< \< :a & / P & lL / (./ 0 ,-1 "/ m < d 1 ? \ 9 I 1 lQ : .% E & >) : E:) > 2a w o c
¡p FR \ $= hI Qa .>[ ,N Y (./ 0 ,-1 ¤ * ¦ \< : & : * :ÖN15 .& >& R * \ ) [ , f <1: " # .3 # \ F \ >% "w< cq1g " # X 1 :* ¶ow ¶!>I “I hE” Z p K " I Z>/ + 4# < F y[ " ... . g"# : >b .9 > 898 898 r >3# K Z &1 N ¶
Explanation Historians Trained
Word
cq1g ® f <1: " #
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
; % 1 b
Continuation
R A
Remaining
$ ?
Continuation
1 "&
They advised
Preparation
a :/
He appoints
:.% E
He drew his attention
( I
Equipment
a /
It settled
&
His attention
( "N
Event, battle
R *
He became satisfied
He felt
y[
He inclined to
Military man, soldier Experienced
ÓE p )/
¶
Elephants
>
O 1
Danger, risk
4#
To lead
Coming
+
Army, military
r >3#
Collection, gathering
R "I
1 :*
He estimated
Quranic Arabic Program
" #
217
R E
Level 03
Lesson 13B: U’mar the Great :* ZN > PQ $igN \ ¶?q3 ( ' ª(R)E Za / a * / a I < (>e M ?E (./ 0 ,-1 :a & \ Z &1 O !>3# < H " Z.>< \ Z./ 0 ,-1 < d \ i I1 (./ 0 ,-1 :& (>e M? ¬"I E /3E f[ + 4 \ ; G >" Z>-H RF f c .(>/ c : (./ 0 ,-1 a / \ < ,<1 O a N L \ a E& / yI :* 1 <' ?E V G H (>/ " >| .Eqh .>"w º >* > Ed # t 1 F ?NQ " # Y 1 ". < ( ) 3 .E :*
¶? 1 ( & F < c : <L p Z N N |" < ( F % & |E 1 Zc F Za .E
1 " .a o * a a H a >& a 81 a >w< (./ 0 ,-1 ,<1 c ( & 1 / ( HL c ( / 1 ( [ 9& (>/ 4# < 8 K 1 Z>/ ?* ª.>"w ZN:} & ?< 4<1 2 h ZR8 )? B < [ >/ “.( Q }# ” :Z&1 2 “. I1 ie QpN ,"H ª,"H/ "e ZRpHn Z °e” :a h < 2 “.l[9& K% ” :( When the two armies confronted each other, Rustam asked Sa’ad to send a wise scholar to him. He wanted to ask question from him because he was wondering what has changed these Arabs. They used to fear Iranians. Some quantities of food [given by Persians to Arabs] made them satisfied when they became hungry and attacked [to loot food items in Iran]. Sa’ad sent some people from the Companions. In them there was Ribi’ Ibn A’mir. He entered into them. They decorated their sitting place with cushions with golden work and silk table cloths. They placed rubies, expensive instruments and great decoration. [On his head] there was a crown dazzling eyes. He was sitting on a golden bed. Ribi’ entered with ragged cloths, a sword, a shield and a little horse. When he saw their decoration and ostentatious show-off, he decided to belittle these false show-off. He entered while riding at his horse which set its foot on the carpet. Then he dismounted and tied it with some of their expensive pillows. He moved to them with a risen head and firm footsteps. He was wearing his arms and shield. His helmet was on his head. They said to him: “Remove your weapons.” He said gracefully: “I was not coming to you. You called me. Either leave it on me or I am going back.” Rustam said: “Allow it for him.”
Explanation
Word
ß F
Exaggerated show-off Belittlement
Explanation
B F % &
Word
Ed #
They faced each other
< H
Rubies, a precious stone, plural of ;* E
>* E
An astonished person
Oq3
Instruments
Æ
Carpet
)?
Expensive
.>"w
Cushions, plural of &
: } &
Crown It dazzle
Having firm steps
4# < 8
Weapons
C 9&
V G H
It make them satisfied
Z>-H
?E
Quantities
; G >"
5 1
Helmet
Lc
Sword
a >&
K%
Shield
Q }#
Horse
(O you all!) Allow
Quranic Arabic Program
Ragged, worn-out
218
> f c
a E&
Bed
It changed Submissive people
Shield
Put of
Word
Silk
<
He set foot on
Explanation
a 81
They become hungry
/3E
They attacked
"I E
Cushions, plural of YÙ
Y 1 ".
a H
Golden
?NQ " #
a
Table cloths, bed sheets
t 1 F Level 03
Lesson 13B: U’mar the Great Source: www.en.wikipedia.org
Roman Empire Persian Empire
ª,9&{ ÉE1 y >c < ,*b 1:
Quranic Arabic Program
219
Level 03
Lesson 13B: U’mar the Great m >% \ ª0 ?/ ºe ? ?/ \ $U b \ V . .#w < 0 ” :2 “¬Zp< $ I ” :Z&1 2 . Nw Y Y 1 ". Y ( d % 1 / E ?* ,6F [ ¶:< X . H * < \ (./ .I1 (. .?* lL ?* \% " .(>e ZN / :. ( c ºe ( .E:< .&1 .+ 9&{ 2 :/ ºe E' 1 I \ ª & ºe >~: +a E 898 \ w X R "E < 2 { Z &1 O 4 “., < \" F| ª< \ 2a * / ; \" R .3 # ” :2 * “¬0 : / ” :2 * “.0 : / ºe 5 h F#U H , 2 >' XQN \ ow ")£ > / +a E 898 ~" & Z > w Z E 2R ¶:E:b i * R* !>3# lL :< 0 = M < K < + > , .\ >% .g"# X ?< ( E ./ 0 m > < Z . ZH [ RH * ?A f.g£ 2R 4 <' \p E 1 % H Z , >< Z>c :G >b a } y "c F , [ f")£ \ : !& Bin !/ Z. * ªZN: } * *R a p , < N 3" # p ) ; % : :E:b d%E1 .W q! FRp + 9 È H ( R:% / + 9&{ P :N ! f")£ Z 3 < N ( " K 1 ( .E ( d?& 0 = : E A F "# XQ< . ?E H He came forward in a way that he was leaned on his lance while moving on the pillows. It tore most of them. Rustam said: “What did you bring?” He said: “Allah has sent to bring His slaves, whomever He pleases, out from [human slavery and guide to them] Allah’s worship, and from narrowness of [the slavery of] this world to its vastness and from the offence [imposed by the leaders of] different religions towards the justice of Islam. He sent us with His religion to call His creatures towards it. Whoever accepts it, we will accept him and will return back. Whoever denies [to stop religious persecution], we will fight with him forever until we are led to Allah’s promise.” He asked: “What is Allah’s promise?” He [Ribi’] replied: “The Paradise for those who die during the war against those who refuse, and success for them who remain alive.” Rustam asked for some grace period. They refused that they were not able to give them a time limit more than three days. After that, the two armies faced each other and fought hardly for a period of one day and the most of night. It continued to three days. The Muslims suffered a lot due to the elephants because their Arabic horses became frightened. They had never seen them. But the believer heroes remained steadfast and fought until the help came with Allah’s support and blessing for His believer slaves. On fourth day, Allah sent an intensive wind which destroyed the army camp of Magus. They fled from every place and their leader was killed. Their 10,000 soldiers were killed and about 2,500 Muslims became martyred. This was a battle distant [from the center of Islamic state]. Allah supported His religion and raised His words. Arabs and NonArabs became frightened from the Muslims. The guidance and justice of Islam spread and the darkness of disbelieve and polytheism shrank.
Explanation Wind It destroyed Military camp They fled He got martyred
Word
d%E1 ; % p ) < N : !& : E
He supported
Explanation Respite, time They give him time
Elephants, plural of >
Explanation
Word
2 {
He leaned on
E
X R "E
Lance, spear
D % 1
/
Suffered
2 >'
He torn
Y c
He sent us
.w# < m >%
They frightened
5 h F# H
Narrowness
Horses, plural of >c
2 >c
He refused
<
H
We lead to
,6F
Place / time of promise
: /
Success, victory
F|
They became frightened
< N
They were accustomed to
It shrank
È H
Looking at it
Darkness
+ 9
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
E 1 2R 4<'
Heroes, plural of J 4<
220
Level 03
Lesson 13B: U’mar the Great ' 0 ªf")£ d H
1” :R *N 2 ª:% R < * N ºe ?p ªZ 1 >9&{ t >3 # 2 c: < + Z / :+ ! D Ö XQN % ?6 # “.+ ~ 9< + ! / ZR? @E \ Zp>e O[ + 9< K ( FR ZRp ?E + ! \ R dE a / ZNd H 2 * / + h / X *R ?6 + - :* *N md# .fdH F h@ 9? Z )>& \ N :* 1 R ?% { ~. ª+~ *R R d>. .f")£ I " : o w : Z % ¶!>I :/ W .N È a "[ ºe (I H \ E} w R *N K " I " E%h # < ( .> E K f")£ lH % " I ª(>c' H >* I ; a *R \ X : ![ 5 4& : ! [ f")£ ; 1 + l ªR*N
1 : < :ÖN 15 .& W > R Z >|.< : > \ < : c ªR:>?/ < :* .+ ?* :>?/ ,< > < f")£ r >I 2 h . 1'= : 1 :G [ ªW> : ./ R > ; , r >» &R f< R [ + / )?< f")£ R &R Z 3 N .?* \ X :% E Z ¶ " ¶?>HH r >» : c O H .f")£ r >I . 3! f ")£ & ; <6< B a in Z. & : < + R & O d ) .(H ! B – The Conquest of Syria: The Romans got information that Islamic armies have entered into their land. They wrote to Hercules [about it] while he was at Jerusalem. Hercules said: “My opinion is that you make a reconciliation with the Muslims. By God, if you reconcile with them on paying half of what [agricultural produce] you obtain from Syria, half of that will remain for you in the country of Rome. I prefer it for you instead of that they dominate you in Syria and half of Roman country [i.e. Italy, Turkey, Greece etc.].” The Roman leaders became angry with this sincere advice and thought that the Emperor became weak and frightened and the country will submit for the conquerors. The truth is that Hercules became weak in front of the rage of his leaders and decided to fight with the Muslims. Although he was sure about defeat. Hercules gathered the insurgents [who were going to revolt against him] and directed towards Hums. They prepared there a great army with a huge number to face the Muslims. The Battle of Yarmouk 15H: After that Hercules, the Roman King, saw the victories of Muslims, he gathered armies up to his full capacity and appointed his brother as its leader. These Roman armies gathered at River Yarmouk, one of the tributaries of River Jordan. The Muslim Army came down in the leadership of Abu U’baidah to face the Romans. Abu U’baidah gave the responsibility to organize the Muslim army to Khalid Ibn Al-Waleed. Khalid arranged the army in a distinguished way that Arabs have never seen before. Muslim cavalry attacked courageously on the Romans. They separated the Roman cavalry from their infantry. Roman cavalry withdrew when thousands of them fell down [of their horses] by the strike of brave Muslim cavalry.
Explanation He organized They were not aware of it
Word
O H1 X :% E Z
Explanation
" E%h #
Jerusalem
Insurgents
\ E} w
You make reconciliation
I
It is obtained
R &R
Facing
They separated
R
Victories
They withdrew It fell down Brave, courageous
! O d ) & 3!
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Defeat
Cavalry
Infantry
Word
; 1
Leaders, plural of :} *
He gathered
: ! [
Emperor
Tributaries, plural of : G 1
: 1
He became weak
River
Raiders, attackers, plural of
P
Word
:% R d H R dE *R 1 R ?% e \ N h@
He made responsible
221
Level 03
Lesson 13B: U’mar the Great \ w W o , *R :* .f")£ >[ 1 g " # . p . % . , * 9 * R4* )E RQc \EQ + ! / ")£ ZR8 .f")£ \ B a in R 898 , [ > : !& + \ a R } ºe R>) E + \p .+ R .E , Eq: ,N > . < \ E: H + ; p "% \ f d # lL , % : D .ÖI # : < ie q>" # \ : < d " )E 9 H" # / O } 6 FE ºe Z < ' A [ O } 6 < Z% R N E p :G [ Z .E K \ >% qE " # r E ºe A [ $U .>& 2R 1 Z < Y c B a in R <1 f ")£ .I \ ( ºe + ! \ ¶ 3 ¤ \ < "/ 1 & . ?E ( RN K :E , d ( ZH [ ! ¶ b N A d “ F ” ºe A [ 1 & Z8R .J > 1 J > [ < \pR E Z (' d ÖN18 .& cn , + ºe 1 & Z8R .2R (> K 4 .E Z a b : < >/ & y >?< ºe "/ + : H Z8R 1 d # QN , f")£ : / ) E N .ÖN19 a .& 2 : " # D K < H º H 0 < . Z ZH [ ")£ ZN A d d # K . \ > < [ , + \ qd H 2R O ! . \ >% .>9&e J Ei % d ?A [ Then the Muslims fell upon the Roman infantry. They kept them killing and drowning in the river. The hard victory became companion of Muslims. In the battle of Yarmouk, more than 100,000 Romans were killed while approximately 3000 Muslims got martyrdom. C – The Conquest of Egypt: At that time, Egypt was one of Roman-occupied territory. Their [the Egyptians] religion was Christianity. It was the religion embraced by the Romans. But the Romans treated the Egyptians badly although their religion was the same. They used to fatigue them with a lot of taxes. The matter had reached at the point that they imposed taxes on death. They were not allowed to burry a dead body before payment of tax by its inheritors. A’mr Ibn Al-A’as traveled from Syria towards Egypt. He had a Muslim army of 4000. He penetrated into Sinai Desert until he reached at Al-A’reesh [a town near Suez] by the end of 18H. He conquered it without any resistance because there was no Roman army there. Then he traveled [in the North] until he reached at Al-Farma. They besieged it for one and a half month. The victory was completed in the beginning of 19H. People of Egype used to help the Muslims during this siege. Then A’mr moved to Bilbis and captured it after a month in which the fight did not discontinue. Then he moved to Umm Daneen. The war started and Romans fortified themselves in the forts of Bab ul U’yoon. They were one of the most strong forts. Muslims besieged them. The victory completed with the help of Allah. It was followed by the victories over cities until Egypt became a Islamic province.
Explanation Sinai, the peninsula between Egypt & Arab
Word
$U .>&
Explanation Religion
Word
Explanation
Word
Eq:
They fell upon
m .E
They fall down
R4* )E
They embraced
Garrison
J > [
They treat badly
R>)E
Hard, strong
1 g " #
A town near Port Saeed
F
They fatigued
R N E
Ally
>[
They besieged
A [
Taxes, plural of ?E-
O } -
Approximately
, [
Resistance
A town near Cairo
\ >% +
They allow
Forts, plural of \ G [
[
He penetrated
Province
J Ei
Quranic Arabic Program
d" )E
Sand, desert
222
At that time
f d #
Y c
Owned, possessed
; p "%
2R 1
Their religion was
\ E: H Level 03
Lesson 13B: U’mar the Great (./ 0 ,-1 4Á \< "/ F># !& .; a . ~& ( < ( . &1 ( 3 .< ( * . Ó>& 3 gRgR < O E ?b \ < >% @ " # + 9R >% : E / (./ 0 ,-1 4Á \< "/ : !& \ \E! w w .) \ 3d # PL \ \ E! M w + > \ 9 ? : ./ 3F 9A , lL ( % * , ,N ( H& dH N: [ + i LJ c ( R ggR < y[ :./ . / : EhE Z. ; 9 I 1 !/ 898 \ [ (< ~" E \ X 3 .< \ 4E Q c o N . 3# . H L X 3 .< 1 di / + : * A 0 :?/ ( .< ( .F ( ) :* .\E!/ S R 98 .& 3d # PL b \ \ >% < K <1' $ <1' + E , H ZR8 ( . :< +a E R 898 , < ( >< ºe R F># " d .$ h3# oc f")£ +9&{ \/ X hI X -1 (./ 0 ,-1 .a b R & \ >% .& ! / ( 9c R : .( >?[ A O 3< \ ZR8 (>/ Martyrdom of Caliph U’mar U’mar got martyrdom on the hand of Fairuz, a slave of Al-Mughira Ibn Shu’ba. His title was Abu Lu’lu’ah. He was a magus. He killed with a poniard which had two branches. He stabbed him six times. One of that was under his navel and that was the one which killed him. It happened in the Fajr prayer while he was saying “Allah o Akbar” for the prayer on 23rd Zul Hajj, 23H. Fairuz fled and kept stabbing everyone coming in his way. He stabbed 13 person, more than half of whom died. When Abu Lu’lu’ah felt that definitely he will be captured, he committed suicide with his dagger. The Caliph was carried to his home. He remained alive for three days after being wounded. He died on Wednesday while four days were remaining in month of Zul Hajj 23H. His son A’bdullah gave him a body wash and enshrouded him in garments. He [led] the funeral prayer and buried him on the side of his two companions [i.e. the Prophet and Abu Bakr]. The period of his Caliphate was 10 years and 6 months. May Allah be pleased with him and may him be pleased with Him. May Allah reward him the best reward for [his contribution] Islam and Muslims.
Rule of the Day In ,F>AH O, you will find that the FA is following its BA in case, gender, number and specification. On the contrary, in ³ -e O, the (>e B 6 will always be in I .
Face the Challenge! Prepare a chart containing all rules mentioned in this book. The number of pages should not exceed three.
Explanation Captured
Word
LJ c
Explanation
Word
He stabbed
\
Slave, boy He was named
Definitely
d i
Navel
&
He committed suicide
1 di
He fled
N (< ~" E
He passed by
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
223
Magus, ancient religion of Iran Knife, dagger, poniard
Word
+ 9R O E
Ó>& 3 3 .c Level 03
Lesson 14A: Ghair Munsarif, Huroof Similar to Verbs, Badl & Noun Conditions The Result (1) Now compare the result. Each line carried three marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test. Reason for converting a o
Reason for being
Not applicable (N/A)
Non-Arabic name
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
2 ?3 # K % &
N/A
Non-Arabic name
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
% \% X b% PQ
N/A
Non-Arabic name
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
# , y >% % l
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
Z E% \ <% )>/ ) /
B. to B.
B.
o
)>/ : NonArabic name
N/A
: Female name
Symbol for being
B.
o
,</
N/A
Female name
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
./ 0 ,-1 ! } / \% /
N/A
O.E: Female Name : On R R
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
.< O .E \% /
N/A
Female name
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
% < Z E% / Z% % * Z% N F# pR <
N/A
Arabic names made of two names
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
; 6 % [ ºe l?< \ ; &
N/A
Non-Arabic names
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
\ >% < e : . \% ; &
N/A
Non-Arabic names
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
>/ "&% e Z >N <%e e
N/A
Name with a
at end
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
!/ \% Q# c
Structure of R / F
None
N/A
Adjective at 9Rand its Mg at
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
!4/ ºe /I \%
N/A
Adjective mentioning color
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
" [% ºe &% \%
2 is added, so it is given a kasrah
Quranic Arabic Program
1 @" # Y 1 !" # q <
224
Level 03
Lesson 14A: Ghair Munsarif, Huroof Similar to Verbs, Badl & Noun Conditions Reason for converting a o
Reason for being
B.
B. to B.
o
Symbol for being
B.
o
,</
N/A
Adjective mentioning color
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
f <1 ! a Q $U 6>% < f a \% a # p <
N/A
An $ at the end
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
( < f ! % >% ( $U F.[
given a kasrah
Structure of R / F
None
: I )" # , RF / Z% %
N/A
Non-Arabic names
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
m d &% e >/ "&% e Z >N <%e e 2 h R ?&% 'U R % E
N/A
Structure of R >/ F
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
D >< " < >%~: $U ") .E
given a kasrah
Adjective mentioning color
None
! \% 6 c% 'U 3
It is a B. word
It is B.
None
a 6 % c ; a 9?.% & K ?% &
N/A
"/: Structure of R R "w/: at end
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
It is B.
It is B.
None
G % G "% [ G >< G : I 2 ?3 # \% G & O >< #
It is B.
It is B.
None
a 1 ºe a 1% \% J &1 QN
2 is added, so it is
2 is added, so it is
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Structure of
2R R
R F
Adjective mentioning color This word is
B.
o
Structure of R / F
Quranic Arabic Program
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
"w# / ºe " / \% R 9#
.I% ,R 5 <1 S 9R8 .w# a d $= F# A J < e
No \E.H Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
c R +a E \% J :
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
O >@ D H F \%
225
Level 03
Lesson 14A: Ghair Munsarif, Huroof Similar to Verbs, Badl & Noun Conditions Reason for converting a B. o to B.
Reason for being
B.
o
Symbol for being
B.
o
,</
Masculine names with 3 letters
Non-Arabic names
None
a N + % * % C a + % * A
Here no female name is used. J !} / is in its literal sense: “A woman who is living”
Female name
None
>? , J ! } / , N
It is B 6 to .E:£
An $ at end of the
None
.E:" # $ 96R ,
N/A
Non-Arabic names
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
2 is added
Adjective mentioning color
None
" [% ' Z < O %
Structure of R / F
None
a F a , G 6 % / N
N/A
Female names
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
Masculine names with 3 letters
Non-Arabic names
None
N/A
Masculine names having at end
Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
The name is used as a common noun
Masculine names having at end
None
Actually it is P , but the P is deleted
V G I: Having 3 letters É <: The name is
word
Non Arabic names
They are originally
B.
$ is original source letter
" O R X QN a R + % * e .# & 1% R e * ºe : >?/ \% / G c n J * .E:" # , t
V G I: None É <: Fathah in case of I & no \E.H
considered feminine.
; 1 ; 1 N < ?<
É # < \% $U I (George) V G I
None
$a \% $ ") \%
Its P can be deleted
Structure of R / F
None
+ 9%/'U d % ?# , P1 3 # ( H En \%
For poetic purposes
at the end
None
98 É E1 "b \ :H /
For poetic purposes
Name made of two nouns
None
ql?# < ³ <b :% * ¶
Due to poetic-prose
Structure of R >/ F
Single fathah instead of double
Quranic Arabic Program
226
a 6 \% a >< Z% >% / B 4E () 9 >Q# H R R4*R a 6 \% E1 * () E1 * % a #
Level 03
Lesson 14A: Ghair Munsarif, Huroof Similar to Verbs, Badl & Noun Conditions The Result (2)
The (. 2:? is depicted in blue while the 2:< in red colors. Each line carried three marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
Z)*
,</
English
2 "bi 2:<
They ask about the sacred months i.e. fighting in them
R) % E ( > 2a * + d # % ! \% / l
2 "bi 2:<
Don’t you look at the camels i.e. how they are created?
% c >% <{ e |R .% E 9
2 "bi 2:<
And to the sky i.e. how it is raised?
% 1 >% $ ") e
2 "bi 2:<
And to the mountains i.e. how they are fixed?
% ? >% 2 ?3 # e
2 "bi 2:<
And to the earth i.e. how it is spread?
% d 4 & >% k 1% 'U e
p \ p 2:<
Guide us to the straight path i.e. the path of those whom You blessed upon
"% % \ EQ A Z > ) % " # q : N% Z% >% /
2 "bi 2:<
The pilgrimage of the House (of Allah) is obligatory on the people for Allah i.e. (for those) who are able to find a way towards it
( >% e 5 4&% \% >% ?# ~¸[ . / ( 9 >?&
p \ p 2:<
When their brother i.e. Noah said to them, “Don’t you fear?”
R H i C G Z% N c Z% 2 * L# e
p \ p 2:<
Moses said to his brother i.e. Aaron
1 N ( >c'U & 2 *
p \ ? 2:<
Has the information of armies reached you i.e. (those of) Pharaoh & Thamud?
p \ p 2:<
When Abraham said to his father i.e. Azar
p \ p 2:<
The Mother of Muslims i.e. Ayesha was a great scholar
p \ p 2:<
I saw the great sculpture i.e. the Sphinx
"8 % / % .3 # M R E:[ W H # N 1 n ( ><'U Z >N <%e 2 * L# e J ">|/ J " / ! } / \ >% . g"# ~+ 2 # < Z >| 2 w" E1
p \ ? 2:<
I climbed at the mountain i.e. half of it
( F ?3 # # ) H
p \ ? 2:<
The book tore i.e. its cover
h" H ( R 9 p Y
@ 2:<
m E4 $ d % ºe R|%
Look at the desert i.e. the road
Quranic Arabic Program
227
Level 03
Lesson 14B: Caliph U’thman & A’li
"./ 0 ,-1
The Result: Calculate your score. Each paragraph carries 10 mark. If your score is less than 80%, repeat the exercise. The translation is provided for each paragraph. Text in parenthesis [ ] is the information not describe in the original Arabic text but its sense is understood.
(ÖN 35 v 23) (./ 0 ,-1 F/ \< "w/
U’thman Ibn A’ffan
.a"/ < .pE \ E:b $ F# M R 8 qP '= q,b a 9R \ < ,*R \ < B a . : ?/ \ < y a "b : ?/ \ < > R \ < ¤ ,< \ < F/ \ < R "w/ N :(?) .Z& (>/ 0 A 2 & >[ , >H + Rw + ZR8 ªa1:< h : < % >j H >* 1 Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 ,.< V h H (' \ E1~. PQ< O E "w/ + 9&e . .3 # < \ E!?" # ! :[ ª+9&{ , Rc \EQ } ' ! : [ N ªX " / \ f 89w < , N Z& :(9&e \ < >% <~h :( E:E / Z & .( >e y 3E X !@E \" ( * \ (< m wE \ + 9&{ ºe /:E m E: a p< < : .(./ 0 ,-1 m E: a p< ¦ \ a /:< Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 ºe R 4 .Z./ 0 ,-1 B a / \ < \ " [% : ?/ ªa¤ * ¦ \ < : & ª0 :>?/ \ < R d ª F/ \< "w/ ª+ . . +9&{ m d < ZN? n Z>/ * + 9&{ Z>/ k p< < Z (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 [ ( . $a >[ ~:b :G [ B% E " $ >d# < B/ ªK?4 f + p < (./ 0 ,-1 R "w/ B / :( 6 > R # (H FA (169/15 Z) D>dA) “.R p}9"# (. ,d)H a I1 \ ,d&R i” :Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 2 * Le (. ,d)E Z& His Family Chain: He is Uthman Ibn A’ffan Ibn Abi Al-A’aas Ibn Umayyah Ibn A’bd Shams Ibn A’bd Munaaf Ibn Qusai Ibn Kullab Al-Qarashi Al-Umuwai, the third among the rightly-guided caliphs. His Kuniyyat is Abu A’mr. His title is “The Bearer of Two Lights” because he married with two daughters of Allah’s Prophet i.e. Ruqayyah who died after the battle of Badr, and then Umm Kalthum who died during the Prophet’s life. His Conversion to Islam: He converted to Islam at the age of 34. He is one of those ten initial people who embraced Islam and one of those ten who were given the good news of the Paradise. U’thman conversion was due to the call of Abu Bakr Al-Siddique. Abu Bakr Al-Siddique used to call towards Islam everyone who used to trust in him in his nation especially those who used to visit him and sit with him. So (the people who) converted to Islam on his hand (i.e. due to his efforts) were: Zubair Ibn A’wwam, U’thman Ibn A’ffan, Taltha Ibn U’baidullah, Sa’ad Ibn Abi Waqaas and A’bdur Rahman Ibn A’uf. They rushed to the Prophet of Allah while Abu Bakr was with them. He presented Islam on them and read the Quran in front of them and informed them about the truth of Islam, so they believed (in it). His Character and Virtues: U’thman is known for (his) generosity and soft nature. He is known for modesty. Nobody is known for having modesty more intense than him. Allah’s Prophet used to be shy with him. When Allah’s Prophet called: “Should I know be shy with a person from whom the angels are shy.”
Do you know? During the time of companions, Arabic script was not developed. /e were not yet invented. There was risk that people may differ in reading the Quran. Therefore, the Caliph U’thman (./ 0 ,-1 released the original copies of the Quran which were prepared according to the pronunciation of Quraish, and distributed them widely in order to prevent this problem.
Explanation They rushed One having a soft nature
Word
R 4
K ?4 f
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Word
m wE
He trusts
X !@E
He visits him
228
Explanation
Word
Initial
} '
Those who were provided with good news
\ E!? ® Level 03
Lesson 14B: Caliph U’thman & A’li
"./ 0 ,-1
( < ( ~. “.:% [ R \Rp&% R” :2 I "w/ "/ a p< < ( :¶ [ R Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. : A :2 * (./ 0 ,-1 ) *
1 (6 \/ Z8R "w/ Z8R ª "/ Z8R ª :¶ [ a p< ¦< 2R : i \/ ,?. \ , .R ” :2 * "./ 0 ,-1 "/ \< \/ . : > b ma Eq:A ,? ie l>/ y >” ª( I < (53/7 P1 ? D) “.Z .>< R F i Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. dA W : p Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 2 c r E *R % . : ./ lL (./ ¶ F r a E* ºe Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 ( w < 3 & ) .) , ( ) F.< ¶ a R "w/ V .( d "¶ j| >? Q ¶ } $U I "e (e d ; E Z ( ZN ?E r E* B b $ " / ºe Z& (>/ 0 A ( w? (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 & 1 \ Ì \ >% [ "w .(< ( & 1 Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 \/ Z @ ? r E* $= "|/ >F & < H [ p ºe (202/3 + !N \/ 0 A 0 2 R &1 (< B 4R E [ R ' . :2 . % 4 >? < B 4 H # b # e :Z>e Z& ,/ / :E ~:3 # ~:3 E M R >[ f ")£ I p ( " $ 9/% e + 9&{ , w' 5 1 (./ 0 ,-1 R "w/ R F># : :( " < ( >d 6H 1 2 * .X 3 [ N w. ) r >I h I f[ 1a .E a < Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. ºe R "w/ $U I :2 * "% & \ < \ "[% :?/ \/ PQ
1 . 3 # .fH “.+ > : < " / "w/ ” :2R E X3[ , ?j E Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. E :\"[% :?/ Regarding his virtues, Qatada narrated that Anas said: The Prophet climbed on Ohad Mountain while Abu Bakr, U’mar and U’thman were with him. It shivered, the Prophet said: “Stop, O Ohad!” I think he slapped it with his foot. “Nobody is on you except a prophet, a truthful and two martyrs.” Narrated from Ibn U’mar, he said: “During Prophet’s time, we did not use to equate Abu Bakr with anyone, then U’mar, then U’thman and then we used to leave the companions of the Prophet and did not use to prefer one over another. During 6H, Allah’s Prophet sent him to Quraish as a negotiator. That was the time when Quraish forbade Allah’s Prophet to enter into Makkah. So he sent him to the leaders and respected people of Quraish and he conveyed to them the message on behalf of Allah’s Prophet. They said to U’thman when he became free from (conveying the) message of Allah’s Prophet: “If you want to perform circumambulation of the Holy Ka’aba, perform it.” He said: “I’ll not do so until Allah’s Prophet perform the circumambulation.” His Financial Sacrifice: The Caliph U’thman established the most pleasant examples in supporting Islam and raising its words. He was the most generous in the Muslims at the time of serious problems, and the calling for Jihad. Tirmidhi reported on behalf of A’bdur Rahman Ibn Sumrah, he said: U’thman came to the Prophet with 1000 Dinars while he was preparing for the expedition of difficulties1 and scattered them in his chamber. A’bdur Rahman said: “I saw that the Prophet was turning them around in his chamber and saying: “Nothing will harm U’thman after his deed of today.” He said it twice. 1. A military expedition sent at a time when the Muslims were facing a lot of financial difficulties.
Face the Challenge! Prepare a list of situations when a noun is given O. Explanation
Word
h I
He prepared Difficulty, poverty
) w
He scattered He turns it over
Explanation
Word
¶a
Taking risk of Perform Tawaf of Holy Kaa’ba
% >d 6H
Sacrifice
?j E
The most pleasant
5 1
He took seriously
~:3 E
It harmed
Quranic Arabic Program
229
Explanation Ohad, a mountain at Madina We consider equal
Word
:% [ R 2R :
We prefer (one over other)
R F
One who respect
¶"j|
Its sacredness
( [ Level 03
Lesson 14B: Caliph U’thman & A’li
"./ 0 ,-1
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1 . > B 9c p , RF E ?* '= X Q N W% 1 !f .g£ . "w/ ºe R F[ < % & 1 .l>e N~ From his glorious deeds is that he dug the well of Romah. Narrated from the Prophet that he said: “Whoever will dig the well of Romah, the Paradise will be for him” U’thman (arranged) digging it and made it a trust for the Muslims. Allegiance of Oath for U’thman for Caliphate: When U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab was stabbed by Abu Lululah, the Magus, some Muslims demanded from him to appoint whatever person on Caliphate whom he pleases and selects. U’mar hesitated and said: “If I appoint, the one who appointed a caliph was better than me (i.e. Abu Bakr) and if I leave, the one who left was better than me (i.e. the Prophet).” Then U’mar mentioned six persons who were distinguished due to Prophet’s love with them and he was happy with as compared to others. They were: A’li, U’thman Ibn A’ffan, A’bdur Rahman Ibn A’uf, Sa’ad Ibn Abi Waqas, Zubair Ibn A’wwam and Talhah Ibn U’baidullah. He asked them to gather after his death to select a caliph among them. After the death of U’mar, these persons gathered and the last opinion was the selection of U’thman Ibn A’ffan. So the Muslims gave him the oath of allegiance with consensus. Most Important of His Works: First: He gathered the Muslims on reading the Quran according to the
pronunciation of Quraish. Islam spread and the Islamic conquests became common. Islam entered into the Non-Arab nations. Some companions of Allah’s Prophet worried about difference of people in reading the Quran or changing anything in the Quran in words or pronunciation. Hudhaifa Ibn Yaman came to U’thman. Hudhaifa used to fight against Syrians during the conquest of Armenia and Azerbaijan with the people of Iraq. Hudhaifa became worried about the differences in their readings. Hudhaifa said to U’thman: “O Leader of Believers! Catch this group before they differ in the Book like the differences of Jews and Christians. U’thman sent a message to Hafsa that send us the original copy of the Quran, we’ll make other copies and then will return it to you. Hafsa sent it to U’thman. Explanation
Word
Explanation
He fights
P @E
He appointed a Caliph
We make a copy
É ) .
Group
A book of ancient age written on paper, cloth, leather etc. and bound within wooden slates
[
Quranic Arabic Program
It became common Alteration, distortion
230
Word
&
Explanation His glorious deeds
F.
He dug (a well)
"/
He is satisfied
EdH
He hesitated
Word
X 8 F [ ,6HE H Level 03
Lesson 14B: Caliph U’thman & A’li
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, n \ X & "< É ) " a d "< ma R R jR ºe & 1 ª[ £ , d % ) Le [ r ER* ) < n É ).< R "w/ .Y dE # a d a F >dA ; 1 q: P a d< 2a R4& y >&H , (./ 0 ,-1 R "w/ R F > # + ! , (./ 0 ,-1 >F & ,< \ < R E L & : >9&{ E d? y >&H : ¶> 8 4 3 2 1 2 " & " # d? , 1 ¤ ?% * ,H EhI D \ (< \ p "H ¶E* i 4& R E :/ .( L + ! [ & / ,4h>? 2 R4&' 5 ¶:/ w ,4h>? 2 4&' K E1 : .p&{ R* P1 ; L , (>/ ÖN34 + / ,4h>? 2 4&' ~,9&{ 2R 4&' . a ?< 6< 4<1 + f")£ \ FR & P1 A ' “P1 ; L” Z &i Q< R "# / ,9&{ 2 4&' \ ¶h>3H
(./ 0 ,-1 F/ \< "w/ F># : / , >9&{ ; [F : ºe q" d \ .p" H . .I <. 9< ºe (./ 0 ,-1 F/ \< "w/ : / , f ")£ t >I % F [ :7 <~. 9< 6 @"# D + ; *R K : 4 A y H 2 & ºe Zb >I % A } d% , >9&{ /: ! @"# 9< , ZH [R ")£ K < H " >9&{ 8 .(./ 0 ,-1 "w/ : / , >9&{ : c yH ºe *< \ R 4 ."# % d ?A ZNh N > U’thman instructed writing the Quran in the pronunciation of Quraish when the copies were made. He sent a copy in each direction according to copy and ordered that whatever copy of Quran besides this is found, should be burnt. Second: Establishment of Islamic Navy. Mu’awiya Ibn Sufyan, the governor of Syria asked permission of the Caliph U’thman to establish a naval fleet to prevent the attacks of Byzantine fleet on the shores of Syria and Egypt. He permitted it. Mu’awiya prepared a strong fleet. It became possible due to this fleet to conquer the islands of Cyprus and Rhodes in the Mediterranean Sea. The Islamic fleet encountered with the Byzantine fleet in the year 34H and conquered it in the battle of Sawari near Alexandria. Although the Byzantine fleet was bigger in number and well-prepared as compared to the Islamic fleet. This battle is known by the name “Sawari” due to entangling of the masts of the ships of Muslims and Romans. Islamic Conquests during the period of Caliph U’thman Ibn A’ffan The Conquest of North African and Nubia: During the period of U’thman Ibn A’ffan, the Muslim armies creep into the countries of Nubia in south of Egypt. They were able to conquer it and annex it to the Islamic State. Similarly the Muslims continued their conquests in the countries of North Africa after that and spread the Islamic call to its all dimensions. Their armies reached at the plains of Tunis and encountered with the Roman armies there. They defeated them and the entire region from Barqah to Tunis became surrendered to the Islamic State during the period of U’thman Ibn A’ffan. English version of these words is: (1) Byzantine (2) Cyprus (3) Rhodes Island (4) Mediterranean Sea (5) Alexandria (6) Countries in West of Egypt i.e. Libya, Tunis, Algeria & Morocco. (7) Nubia, North part of Sudan (8) Tunis Explanation
Word
Explanation
They penetrated
% F [
Attacks, raids
They became successful
.p" H
Beaches, plural of [ &
Its directions
} d%
E1 A
Masts (of a ship), plural of
Plains They collided
2 & : 4 A
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
; 1
Ships, plural of .>F& They connected to each other
231
Explanation
Word
Founding, establishing
y >&H
[ &
Navy
E d?
P1 A
Governor
\ FR & 4<1
Fleet (of ships) For defense
, 2a R4& q: Level 03
Lesson 14B: Caliph U’thman & A’li
"./ 0 ,-1
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(./ 0 ,-1 "w/ F># !& 0 \ E: N1 p F >6 y FR U' dA (> K " 4 ¶"E% R4/ ¶">[1 ¶.q> : ªa Y a 9c a " E% ; FA L (./ 0 ,-1 "w/ R F>Á "w/ Z R \/ ¶% < ( ~\|R E a 4* z R W H [ c : ? ,-1 ,/ "w/ F>Á Z < * .?& \< 0 :?/ ZN: } * ª Rp ª ? \ R ;U$ 3 "w/ \ 9Á < ~m[ (./ 0 ,-1 >/ Z .* , ºe O "w/ a 3d < .E:£ ºe
cR I 1 Z ie .E:£ \ V # < R X QN ;: ? .ZN 9< ºe / ZN Le ¶>% c ZN :/ "./ 0 .(>/ 1 q "e p QN \ $T P< (./ 0 ,-1 "w/ . N \ .E:£ ºe $U I PQ : E X E The Conquest of Persian Country: The area of the Islamic State expanded during the period of Caliph U’thman until it reached to the Caspian Sea of Asia in the East. The Muslims continued to chase the King of Persia “Yazd Gard” until he was killed in his city Maru in Iranian country. The Persian Empire died with his death. The Martyrdom of Caliph U’thman Caliph U’thamn had nice personal attributes and virtuous character. He was soft-natured, merciful, sympathetic and generous. The people of weak personalities and those keeping grudge against the straight religion of Allah became greedy in that period. In these people, there was A’bdullah Ibn Saba. He was a Jew who converted to Islam during the period of U’thman hypocritically. He started wandering in the cities of Muslims. Whenever he used to reach in a city, he used to describe false stories about the injustice of U’thman in another city. He left each province in a situation that they were considering themselves in the best condition than other provinces. He persuaded them that A’li is more suitable for Caliphate than U’thman. Delegations from Basra, Kufa and Egypt came and their leader was A’bdullah Ibn Saba. Caliph U’thman and A’li faced them and promised them for good. They were called to return to their cities. These delegations started to go out of Madina. After that, they returned once again to Madina with an argument that U’thman wrote to the governor of Egypt to kill the delegation of Egyptians who came to Madina. U’thman was acquitted from this letter. It was associated to him falsely. (1) Caspian Sea. (2) Asia. (3) Maru, a town near Caspian Sea Explanation
Word
Explanation
He persuaded
K .*
Straight
He faced
< *
Hypocritically
Both of them promised
:/ a 3[
Argument It was forged against him
(>/ 1 q
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
Z E%
* F
He traveled in a round trip Cities, plural of :<
232
It extended Area
Word
; % : R *1
B R4E
They chased
1 4E
:<
Sympathetic
R4/
a 4*
Direction
Explanation
Those who hate
N1 Level 03
Lesson 14B: Caliph U’thman & A’li
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ºe f.g£ o 2R &1 ” :2 “¬lb ¶' l e ¬l ” :( * [ Z E ¶ N \ a < / >% ) E 1 h " # p QN R [ ie p QN , m > d R "w/ O "w/ ºe I B %E :A * I QN D G .1 h " # p < ZN L X !F “. "< ( / R E Z>/ Z ) E ( ie "w/ \/ 5 : Z} .< < d \ G >% w 2 [ :* "w/ >< 1 w [ l 0 = [ :*” : * < Z (./ 0 ,-1 "w/ X H n R E N a >)< &' I P %?I :( 2 E a :& ,.< \ P J I 1 ( < 6 F>Á / 1 w Z 3 N .Z >& 1
e 0 ” : "w/ 2 X:E \ d"# ) “Z > K >") N 0 = Z p >Fp>) ” :º H (* / + : É 6 . ( E:E f< d "# 4 ªX: >< .F " # 4 c Ä 2R ' : [ N:" (./ h 3 dH J } ( I ; % $U 3 .Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 $ 9e \ d "# O \ 2R N , [ ?R \ ( l L 0 = Z [ .ÖN35 + / 3d # PL \ ! / \ w " 3 # + E (./ 0 ,-1 X !& .( "w/ ZR8 . < A K 4 N: E 6 \ >% 3"# .$ h» oc f")£ +9&{ \/ X hI J & J " [% 1 f.g"# o The carrier of this fake letter was traveling near to the Egyptians. He exposed to them and they said to him: “What is this? What is your matter?” He said: “I am a messenger of the Leader of the Believers, going to his governor at Egypt.” They searched him personally and astonished to find the fake letter. It became clear that this man was a messenger to show this (plot). They returned to U’thman. U’thman asked to investigate this letter but they refused and said: “Allah has made your blood lawful for us. The insurgents besieged the home of U’thamn. A lot of companions and their sons tried to defend U’thman but he gave them oath to not use their swords (to protect his life). The insurgents attacked on the Caliph and an Egyptian man from Banu Sadoos who was called Jabala i.e. a black man stabbed him with a sword while he was reciting the Quran. U’thman protected him with his hand but it cut it. The copy of the Quran was in front of him. The blood dripped down on Allah’s words: “Soon Allah will be enough for you and He is the Listener the Knowledgeable.” The copy fell down from his hand. U’thman said: “By God! This is the first hand palm which wrote the Mufassal.” That was because he was one of the scribes of revelation. He is the first person who wrote the copy of the Quran as dictated by Allah’s Prophet. His wife Nailah came to protect him. One of the criminals intended to kill her and stabbed on her hand and cut her fingers. Then he stabbed U’thman and killed him. His martyrdom was on Friday, 18 Zul Hajj 35H. May Allah be Merciful for the Leader of the Believers with a vast mercy and reward him with the best reward due to his service for Islam and Muslims. (1) The word “Al-Mushaf” is used to describe a particular copy of the Quran. It is not a synonym of the Quran. It is used only for a specific copy of the Quran. Explanation
Word
É 6
It sprinkled Soon Allah will be enough for you
l >Fp>)
4 c
It wrote Quranic Surahs from Ö Y
.
She defended him He intended to kill her
F " # (./ h 3 dH
N:"
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Insurgents, rebellious
1 w
Fake, forged
He tried
2 [
Short way
He asked by giving an oath
Z>/ Z ) E
R E
To put
He encountered They searched him
Word
1 h " # a < k E !
He attacked
Z 3 N
Your blood
l
He defended it
X H
They besieged
[
233
Level 03
Lesson 14B: Caliph U’thman & A’li
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Ali Ibn Abi Talib
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1 : . a H ,<< .fH . H < E y % I% :2 > X \/ D ) "E 3 .X ºe È c X \/ & :* X $U 1 : I (>e V “.: 3)£
>b ( q"/ \/ F > ( ><H H ( F : Z& (>/ 0 A 2 & . , r > E >?~ \ Z& \ 2 (./ 0 ,-1 ,G / :(9&e ! / , "8 " \ ( ( * :A (< \ + 9&{ ºe X /: X 3[ , 2R hE i ,G / Z& (>/ 0 A 2R & M < ".>[ .2 > g \ y E H N >: \ r [ ) % E . + [ $ $U " # / 3~! [ F < bR Ó> L ¶" / (./ 0 ,-1 :> Á (H FA .f.& G >% * W "/” :2R > >: O E f )"# q E \ E: N Zj|E .\ ! c + 4 \ * ? \ ( ?3 E ( ! [ > < “.m E4 ! [ F ) : % < h * \ !Xn Xn .J >* W 4 c G >% [ l ) 3 His Family Chain: He is A’li Ibn Abi Talib, the son of the uncle of Allah’s Prophet and the husband of his daughter Fatima. He is the fourth of the rightly-guided caliphs and one of those ten who were given the good news of the Paradise. He was born 10 years before the announcement (of prophethood). A’li is given the tile of Abu Sibtaen (the father of two grandsons of the Prophet) i.e. Hassan and Hussain. He is given the Kuniyyah of Abul Hassan. The Prophet of Allah gave him the tile of Abu Turaab (the bearer of soil). Bukhari narrated that A’li entered into the Fatima’s house, then he came out and slept in the Mosque. The Prophet said (to her): “Where is your cousin?” She replied: “In the Mosque.” When he came out, he found that his (Ali’s) shawl fell down from his back and the dust has reached his back. He said thrice: “Sit! O Aba Turaab!!!” His Conversion to Islam: A’li was the first of the children who converted to Islam. He used to live with the Prophet. He used to be his guardian and responsible for his growth in order to reduce the burden of his uncle in taking care of family. When the Prophet was raised, A’li was in his home. He called him towards Islam, so he believed in him and testified him. His age was 8 or 10 years. His Character: He was an intelligent scholar famous for his eloquence, bravery, generosity, loyalty and fulfillment of promises. He used to avert from the world and its enjoyments. He was inclined more towards night and its loneliness. He used to like a short dress (not fancy) and a rough food. He used to respect the religious people and to bring poor people near to him. He used to address the world and say: “Your age is short, your company is inferior and your idea is less. Alas! Alas! Due to lack of provisions, length of distance and loneliness of the way (in the journey to the real life). Explanation He desolates
Word
r [ ) % E y E
He loves
Explanation Protection, shelter
Word
. F
He took care of
Word
Two grandsons (sons of daughter)
\ >% 4 ?)
Dust, soil
Its flowers, colors, enjoyments
H N
So that he reduces
Loneliness
![
Cooperation
g
It touched directly
\ ! c
At that time
".>[
Children, plural of ¯A
It became hard and rough
Quranic Arabic Program
234
F >
Explanation
He lie down on one side
a H K 3 4 % È c >?~ Level 03
Lesson 14B: Caliph U’thman & A’li
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: \ 2J (./ 0 ,-1 ª( ( ) F.< d : /: XQN >?& , $a ,b P +: E f[ , ?E i < d (./ 0 ,-1 ,/ :()F.< (>d6H h :/ ; h @ K >"I , W b Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 * / R F H :* f !£ Z E ( K 3# > Z& (>/ 0 A 2 & t , + : Z& (>/ 0 .Wa ?H : (> PQ Y "# \ ¤ 9 (>/ ~A < d ie ¶>% pE 2J : < ¶E pE ~O[ # ? E Z Z ¶>% ")£ X 1 c (./ 0 ,-1 "w/ : < :(9c (>/ 1: E \ ª < d 1 ?
1~! N < .E:£ N 1 w :N < :/ " (./ 0 ,-1 "w/ F>Á Z* :< .E:£ , 1' + / 4 >)"# Z N 1 w . 9# R ? E ¶:[ :3 E Z # e 3# 1 \
His Virtues: A’li has a lot of virtues. Prophet’s saying is one of that that “You are from me and I am from you.” And the statement of U’mar Ibn Al-Khattab that: “Allah’s Prophet died and he was happy with him.” In the battle of Khyber when the Muslims had to face two forts. The Prophet said: “Definitely, tomorrow I’ll give the flag to a man upon whom hand, Allah will give us victory.” He said that people passed their night to guess at the night time that to whom he will give it. When the people came to the Prophet together next morning, they expect that he will give it (to them) but he said: “Where is A’li Ibn Abi Talib?” They said: “His eyes have got infection, O Allah’s Prophet!” He said: “Send him to me.” When he came with an infection in his both eyes, he prayer for him. He recovered as he did not have any pain before. He gave the flag to him and Allah made them victorious by him. His Personal Sacrifice: A’li, like other companions did not care when anything brought in the way of this message. He used to sacrifice himself and his money. He is the first person who sacrificed himself for Allah’s Prophet. On the night of migration, he slept on the bed of the Prophet although he knew that the pagans have agreed to kill Allah’s Prophet. He participated in all battles except the expedition of Tabuk. His Caliphate: After the martyrdom of U’thman, the Muslims elected him their ruler. He did not accept it and loved to become a minister instead of being the ruler. But the companions insisted him in order to get rid of the dilemma they were facing. The insurgents were dominating the affairs of Madina after the murder of the Caliph U’thman unjustly and aggressively. The insurgents threatened the people of Madina to kill the people of consultation (Parliament), the great companions and whomever they can kill in the land of migration if anyone did not accept the Caliphate. Explanation
Word
~A
They insisted Rescue, get rid of Dilemma, problem
¤ 9# Y "#
Explanation
Word
qmA
Eye infection He became healthy
< KG I
Pain, infection
Explanation Happy, pleased It became an obstacle Two forts
Word
k 1 & J . % [
Insurgents, revengeful
1 w
He did not care about
, ?E i
Flag (of an army)
E
Commanding, leading
4 >)
He take risk of his life
:
They thought and discussed
R:E
They threatened
Quranic Arabic Program
:N
t
Bed
235
He complains
,p!E Level 03
Lesson 14B: Caliph U’thman & A’li
"./ 0 ,-1
( >e (>/ ¶ lL
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9# ( >H :< (./ 0 ,-1 O ¦ \< ,/ 2 "/ ZN : ? .X 1 : * , ZG >/ ( } 6 * , ZG >p[ ( d ?& ªf ")" ¶ d $ 9< + 9&{ $ :/ >[ p" < 8 : [ :3 H (./ 0 ,-1 "w/ : < R .F 2 4R H º H 0 = $U b :,E "< (./ 0 ,-1 ,G / + * 9Á < (./ 0 ,-1 ,G / K E< (>/ K " 3E ( " p[ ~ )E " wE1 "w/ * R ?* (./ 0 ,-1 ,G / I : > 8 .( & >& K m F E i \ 6E 2 h / . Z. ,p !E \EQ "w/ $U (./ 0 ,-1 ,G / 2 h / :i .
c'= 9? , ")£ ( / K "./ 0 ,-1 >F& ,< \ < J E + ! >% Z .>% < \ Z. ZG )* O % 3 )E Z 2 h% Q $ ' < 3 & :2 "/' XQN \ Z./ 0 ,-1 < d < * f<
I ªB9# R E :< N QN ª >? ?* f 3"# \ ¤ 1 / X 1 Ae N (./ 0 ,-1 ( < 3& + :/ O ?& .X 1 :* 93 < ( " > )H (./ 0 ,-1 Ä, / 6F < . "./ 0 ,-1 E ,/
Some others of them said: “O People of Madina! We have given you a period of two days. By God! If you do not become free, we’ll assassinate A’li, Talhah, Zubair and a lot of people tomorrow.” When they forced, the Migrators and Ansaar considered it obligatory on them, they followed it. On Saturday, 29 ZulHajj, A’li came out to the Mosque and climbed on the pulpit. The Migrators and the Ansaar gave him the oath of allegiance. Zubair Ibn A’wwam and Talhah Ibn U’baidullah were among those who gave him the oath of allegiance. Important Steps of A’li Ibn Abi Talib after His Appointment as a Caliph Allah wanted to prolong the test after martyrdom of U’thamn by new events as an affliction and as a test for the Muslims caused by the conspiracies and tricks of the enemies of Islam because He, the Exalted is the Wise in His decisions and Knowledgeable in His planning. After A’li was given the oath of allegiance for caliphate, A’li established the following: First: A’li dismissed the governors of U’thman about whom people were complaining. He also dismissed those who did not agree with his policies. Second: A’li delayed the punishment for the murder of U’thman, he was waiting for establishment of his rule and agreement of the Muslims of other cities on it. Point of View of Some Companions about this Steps: Some governors accepted this dismissal but an outfit of them did not accept it. The governor of Syria Mu’awiyah Ibn Sufyan was among them along with his recognition of the virtues of A’li and acceptance of his high rank. The reason of lack of this agreement was his assertion on the essentiality of taking retaliation from this criminals before giving oath of allegiance. This was the start of the dispute which occurred between A’li and Mu’awiyah. Explanation
Word
"wE1
At that time It become stable Acceptance, confession Emphasis Retaliation, punishment
~ )E B / 1 Ae ¤ R E :<
Start
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Word
a >[ a p
By hook or crook
Explanation We give time (to you)
Word
.# I
Enemies
$= :/
You become free
R FH
Affliction, trouble
$ 9<
They followed it
Planning
1 :*
Anarchy, disorder
R .F
He dismissed
2 h /
It was renewed
R ?*
Punishment
236
Its events
:3 H
8 :[ Level 03
Lesson 14B: Caliph U’thman & A’li
"./ 0 ,-1
G I $ 4" I O >" 1G I "N9 / "3 # .~) R N 1* lQ . { , E \ / . i Ii / Ó>.? (B 9c{ QN) (318/13 P1 ? D) “.I ( 4 c ZR8 : I Zp[ Le ª I ( A ZR8 : I Z d# Z p [ Le” :Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 2 * " .:G [ :º' p qmd # \ ma E z X : E "/ ¶/ f")"# f< F & g <[ B 9# Q \ E:* d# 2 9@& \/ ¸ :* RR >H >.< . \ o G w Z ? ºe 1 & "./ 0 ,-1 >% <~h R d ./ 0 ,-1 ! } / ??& :ÖN36 " 3 # R \% ie Z% N 3 % \% o a w , >% c i” :º H (* lQ< f w" (./ 0 ,-1 ,/ B 9& :< RF c ".>[ . f % < C a 9%Ae % B a % % a * : < \ E ºe ¬:EH $a ,b P” : & :./ (./ 0 ,-1 (* >: < ¶6E C 9A{ : EE ( ! >3< V c ? ºe ./ 0 ,-1 !} / V < ,G / K " & : < md # Z>4 ZN1 Q< Z/ :” :2 * “¬(>e ?>3E Z ” :2 * “.(>e . < I !} / dA . ?* e C 9A{ P.% : E PQ ” :2 “¬ON QH ...“.Z. . . :2 * “¬ R E Z # ” :2 * “. R H Z/ :” :2 * “¬ -E Z ” :2 * “.o ) This dispute was based on Ijtihaad (personal judgment). There was no dispute from Mu’awiyah about the government. That’s why the followers of Sunnah and the Government, agreed that both of them will be rewarded (by Allah). For the person having the right opinion will have double reward while the one committing mistake will have a single reward. As Allah’s Prophet said: “When a ruler makes a decision and exert his judgment (with sincerity) and reaches to the right opinion, there is a double reward for him. If he decides by making judgment and commits a mistake, there is a single reward for him (due to his sincerity).” The conspiracy of the malicious people resulted in two regrettable wars among Muslims. Each party in that defends it by the belief that he is at right. The first of them was: The Battle of Jamal (36H): Its reason was that Ayesha along with Talhah & Zubair traveled to Basrah. A large number of people were with them for reconciling the hearts, calming down the disturbance and making reconciliation among the people because they were disputing that time after the appointment of A’li as a caliph. They were the examples of Allah’s statement: “There is nothing good in their secret consultation except the one who advised for charity or good practices or making reconciliation among people.” After that, Ali heard that A’yesha has gone out to Basrah. He came out with his army intending for reconciliation too. The argument for that is his statement when he was asked: “For which thing do you intend and where are your going?” He said: “What we want and intend is reconciliation, if followers of A’yesha accept it from us and respond to that.” He asked: “If they don’t accept it.” He replied: “We’ll call them for their reason and will give them the right and will travel.” He asked: “If they disagree?” He replied: “We’ll ask them to not leave us.” He asked: “If they do not leave us?” He replied: “We’ll keep ourselves from them (i.e. we will not attack on them).” Rule of the Day! If you have to express “one of them …. while the other…..” in Arabic, you use the words c used e.g. c
... "N: [ is
\% # ? E Z% "N : [ \% q?R (So it was accepted from one of them but not accepted from the other one).
Explanation
Word
Calming
}: H
Distubed
46
Explanation
Exploitation
f w"
Malicious people i.e. Abdullah Ibn Saba etc.
Their secret conversation
Z% N 3 %
Two sad events
Quranic Arabic Program
P.%
Explanation
¸
It resulted
Similar to
We intend
Word
2 9@&
He decided
\ E:* [
Rewarded
F & g RR >H
Reconciling hearts
237
Mutual dispute
One who did right One who committed a mistake
Word
/ . 1 * 1G I O >£R $4R£ Level 03
Lesson 14B: Caliph U’thman & A’li
"./ 0 ,-1
/ R c ( \ ?& \ < 0 : ?/ .F R N \p . > o a < R !>3# ; < . \ ./ 0 ,-1 !} / f < ( .>< ZN F 1 d # 1 L e Z . l ?b 1 :@ ~.|R E ZN Z[ 9& ºe . + . c p ) / Za )* R Z 3 N \ >% " )* " ) 3F K \ >% 4 f< Y FHi \ Z)F
pR < (./ 0 ,-1 ,G / Nh I # : < p ºe R !} / % I 1 R £ % . YF ./ 0 ,-1 !} / R "I / [ a E 2 * , ")£ .+ E o ) X i >& a p< ¦ \ < :G "Ç N c >& .E:£ V 1 c [ ¶>b I N O 3< 1 & V dH
.>< m ?& :* d# ( @ & . "./ 0 ,-1 E ,/ f< K* PQ B 9# Q J 3 > R > w R£ ,N :ÖN37 .& f F A :R > w / J d J i 2z : E QN £ ?* a b R & : ?H p H :* (./ 0 ,-1 E dA (./ 0 ,-1 ,a / dA .B9Á QN ?& :> ; R4 # < R £ ;:? :" # XQN 2 9c a 3> ºe 9A E Z \p C 9A{ , " ?1 2 "./ 0 ,-1 "N % R E : .I [ R ,/ : .I EF R H (./ 0 ,-1 E r >I 4>& dH PQ $ "# I \ lL :\ >% 4 f< ; b . :i Za & [ 1 |E a F a R < \ >% 4 f< 2R :< : > 8 .Z./ c ZRpI [ $ "# \ RQc (< dA (./ 0 ,-1 ,/ Z* \/ . R8:d E > , R E f !>3# \ o wp lL K (./ 0 ,-1 ,/ D R d I 1 R Fp e mE P' So it became good after that and the dialogue started. There was a reconciliation between him and A’yesha and those who were with her. The two armies spent a good night. But the people of deception i.e. A’bdullah Ibn Saba and his followers feared about themselves due to this agreement between the two sides. They stood up at dawn and divided themselves into two groups. Each group attacked on the other camp. People stood up with their weapons. They were assuming a breach of contract (by the other party). The Muslims clashed in a bitter fight until the legs of the camel of A’yesha were cut. People scattered and the battle was over. A’yesha returned to Makkah after that A’li provided her everything she needed. He also walked by foot along with her houdah until she came out of the town. Her brother Muhammad Ibn Abi Bakr traveled with her and his children also traveled to a distance of one day. Second – The Battle of Siffin (37H): That is the second battle as a result of that dispute which occurred between A’li and Mu’awiyah. The malicious people exploited it. The reasons for this dispute are already discussed. The companions of A’li and those of Mu’awiyah exchanged letters for a period of six months before this battle. This is the clear proof of the hatred of both of them for fighting and the love of both of them for reconciliation. But they did not reach to a result during this period. So the battle started on the following lines. First – Skirmishes between the Two Sides: That was due to the water which was under the control of the army of Mu’awiyah. The both parties fought and the army of A’li dominated while the army of Mu’awiyah was removed from their place. A’li instructed his fellows to take the water according to their need and leave them. Second – The fight starting among the two parties with different force. It was not clear that which party will dominate decisively although the scale was heavy on the side of A’li. A large number of people of both armies used to meet at night time and talk. Explanation
Word
They reached
9A E
Fights, battles
; b .
Under control of
4>&
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
He prepared goods for her
Nh I
Their mutual agreement
Howdah, seat of camel
VN
Arms, weapons
C9&
Breach of agreement
1 :@
¶>b
Waling
ZN F
They were removed
[ R
Equal to the distance of
o )
He fought
Decisive
Za & [
Both of them wrote letters to each other
?H pH
Bitter
a E
Balance
R Fp
Hatred
It was injured
/
Quranic Arabic Program
X % R 238
l ?b
Level 03
Lesson 14B: Caliph U’thman & A’li
"./ 0 ,-1
\ < "/ .2 * E ZNQR .E ." ¶6< Z6 < ")£ , .F# E "# B c :+ ! N Y N f< $ : \ [ S :[' R E K 1 < C F (./ 0 ,-1 E " pF
:< lL :./
?% pR £ lH * > Z >pd a p ºe
:N [ lQ< Ó> jpF E (./ 0 ,-1 ¤ R !>3# Y F H .Y a FH ºe 9AE Z 2 : .3# , R "pd# K " I :* .2R * H Z * (./ 0 ,-1 ,/ r >I [ " # + ! r >I .X: < ºe J 6 Z >pd ) : < ZF c \ jFp E 1 A : 1.“V 1 # ” Z¢ 2 E ,a / r >I , R > * Z ªaBi R <1 f FA , Z >pd / - / \EQ $ R : / Z ª @? R V 1 # (./ 0 ,-1 ,G / / :* .Z>/ ÖN38 + / +Ç , ( ! >3< (./ 0 ,-1 ,G / Z>e 1 ) .( ( d>?)E .Z Z% .@E Z Z®?) E Z ªZd EI / I{ ªZEq1 O > H \ X : .I K . ªZN% jFp E The End of Events and the Prevention of Bloodshed between the People of Iraq & Syria: Sincere people feared that the Muslims will destroy each other. They wished to rescue them and stop the fighting. A’mr Ibn Al-A’as used to think it for a long period of time until he reached at the idea of arbitration in order to stop that great war. He presented this though to Mu’awiyah. He became happy with that and the Syrian Army raised copies of the Quran. The Army of A’li dreaded fighting and the war stopped. Both mediators (from two sides) gathered at “Dumat-ul Jundul” but did not reach at an agreement. The two armies separated after the issue of arbitration and each one returned to its town. The number of the readers (of the Quran) who objected the arbitration at Siffin was 4000. They were a minority in the army of A’li. They are called “Al-Khawarij. They started declaring those who disagreed with them infidels and made his blood and wealth lawful. A’li traveled to them with his army during Muharram 38H and dominated them. A’li treated the Khwarij like insurgents but did not declare them infidel. He forbade his army to chase their escaping people and gave medical treatment to their wounded ones. He did not curse them and did not take their money as war booties. Do you know? “Khawarij” was a rebellious group who declared that Caliph A’li and Mu’awiyah "./ 0 -1 are infidels. They were extremists in their views. They used to declared everyone other than their own group as “infidels”. They used to make it lawful to kill others and take their wealth. Caliph A’li launched a military expedition against them which destroyed their power. After that, they continued arranging small revolts against Caliph Mu’awiyah but failed. After a long struggle, they were destroyed completely. Throughout the Muslim History (including the modern age), similar rebellious groups emerged who declared everyone except them as “infidel” and revolted against the established governments.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Chasing
O > H
It stopped
Their people who fled from the battlefield
ZE1
They raised an objection
* H
Their wounded people
Zd EI
Minority
He did not curse them
Z®?) E Þ
They declared infidels
He did not take their wealth as war booty
Z% .@E Z
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
- /
R > * jFp E d>?)E
The made it lawful
Explanation Prevention of bloodshed That they will be destroyed They rescued them He stopped For a long time
He treated
/
Arbitration, settling a dispute
Rebellious against the state
@?
He feared
239
Word
$ : \ [
, .F# E ZNQR .E * E
Ó> Z >pdH N Level 03
Lesson 14B: Caliph U’thman & A’li
"./ 0 ,-1 (./ 0 ,-1 ,/ !&
(./ 0 ,-1 >/ ( < ( \ PQ Z3# \< \ "%[ :?/ ( " &% V 1 # : [ : E / ÖN40 .& 61 b \ !/ K< ) , (./ 0 ,-1 : !& \"%[ :?/ 2 “. 9? Z. D E 96 "} R .> E” : .f ")£ f< ; % I , S :[' QH ( \ >% > K K " I : 0 ºe E “.¤ \< "/ Zp>F ” :p< \< "/ 2 * “.E Zp>F ” :0 :?/ \< W¡ (> 2 * “. ¶> / ZRp>FR ” :Z3 \< N 3F 9 ¶?N L :./ +a ") a >)< (./ 0 ,-1 ,/ * \ Z3 \< \"%[ :?/ \ p" H :* a :[ a > , lL pE / R F H .$ h» oc f")£ +9&{ \/ X hI & "%[1 f.g£ >% 0 Z [ .¤ \< "/ E * , X 9> ! . ".>< “9 9 ” P .E
ÖN 41 .& 1 / "3 # + / t >3 # ( ÂR q? E \ ) d # (./ 0 ,-1 E ´ < .(./ 0 ,-1 ,/ (> : !& PQ +> , "./ 0 ,-1 ,/ \ < \ ) d # Y RN K E < 2R w O } p < E ,/ \< \ )¹ 0 ? & ” :2 * P? \ )d# \/ (d>dA , P1 ?
1 : .1¾ >[ ¶?~)d H ( ! >I ? ( * A " 1< Æ \ $igN $igN ª$igN $igN * # e” :"/ P R E ( 2 “. * R H [ H i O}
1' °e” :¤ \< "/ 2 “.2 ?» “¬Z>6< Æ \ ¬Z} .<< Æ \ ¬ . Martyrdom of A’li He was martyred on 17 Ramadan 40H by one of the Khawarij. His name was A’bdur Rahman Ibn Muljam who thought that by killing A’li, he will become near to Allah. He gathered with his two companions and discussed the incidents which occurred among the Muslims. They said: “We wish to kill these leaders of deviation and relax countries [by getting rid of] them.” A’bdur Rahman Ibn Muljim said: “I’m enough for A’li.” His companion Al-Birk Ibn A’bdullah said: “I’m enough for Mu’awiyah.” A’mr Ibn Bakr said: “I’m enough for A’mr Ibn Al-A’aas.” They agreed to do that in one night. A’bdur Rahman Ibn Muljim attempted killing A’li with a poisonous swort while he was coming for the Fajr prayer and calling “Prayer, Prayer”. His both companions failed to kill Mu’awiyah and A’mr Ibn Al-Aaas. May Allah be Merciful upon the Leader of the Believers with a wide mercy and reward him for his service for Islam and Muslims with the best reward. The Year of Agreement 41H The people of Iraq gave oath of allegiance to Hassan Ibn A’li on the day when A’li was martyred. It reached to Mu’awiyah that Hassan is mobilizing armies to fight with him. He also mobilized his army to seek information and taking care of the matters. Bukhari reported in his Sahih on behalf of Hassan Al-Basari, he said: “By Allah! Hassan Ibn A’li faced Mu’awiyah with battalions like mountains.” A’mr Ibn Al-A’aas said: “Definitely, I see the battalions. You will not be appointed until you fight along with similar to them.” Mu’awiyah said to him i.e. A’mr: “If this and that is killed, who will be with me to take care of people matters? Who will be with me to take care of their children? Who will be with me to make their loss good? 1. The word / "» is used for having an agreed-upon government. It is opposite to the situation of anarchy.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
To seek information
¶?~)d H
Poisoned
+a ")
Two friends
\ >% >
He received
? &
He failed
!
It continued
; % I
Battalions
O}
Having one Government, opposite to anarchy
For long periods of time
Quranic Arabic Program
*
/ "3 # ÂR q? E
He is mobilizing
240
We relax I’ll be enough from your side (to kill)
D E ZRp>FR Level 03
Lesson 14B: Caliph U’thman & A’li
"./ 0 ,-1
(>/ - /% I QN ºe ?N L ” :2 .a / \< 0 :?/ ª "& \< \ "%[ : ?/ "N y a "b : ?/ á< \ r a E* \ \ >% I 1 (\ )d# ºe :P) (>e M ? (D :P) “.(>e ? ( i * “. } , % 8 / :* ' XQN e 2 "# QN \ .?A :* O 4£ : ?/ .< e” :,/ \< \ )d# " 2 .(>e ? ( i * "p (>/ 9c: X >H l \ d” :i * ie >b " & " “.(< l \d” :i * “( QN Æ R F p E :P) ¬ Q< Æ \" ” :2 * “.l R)E l>e O 4E Q Q l>/ k E (” :i * “.(< X 1 "> Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. 2R * m d .X H ( / ( .E: (./ 0 ,-1 \ ) d # < f ")£ f< 0 = D A R .F QpN .( 2 .H ( d “.f")£ \ \ >% " >|/ \ >% f< (< D E 0 = :G q>& QN ,.< e” :(d>dA , P1 ? So he sent to him (i.e. to Hassan) two people from Banu A’bd us Shams of Quraish: They were A’bdur Rahman Ibn Sumrah and A’bdullah Ibn A’amir. He said: “Both of you go to this man and present to him this matter and demand from him” (i.e. reconciliation). Both of them came to him and entered into his home, told him the matter and demand from him. Hassan Ibn A’li said to them.” We Banu A’bdul Muttalib have faced problems in this matter. Surely this Ummah has been devastated due this bloodshed.” Both of them said: “Surely he presents this and that to you and demands you (the reconciliation).” He said: “Who will be with me for this? (i.e. who will guarantee this for me).” They said: “We are the guarantors for you in that matter.” Whatever he asked from both of them, they said: “We are the guarantors for you in that matter.” So he made the reconciliation and gave up. In this way the anarchy finished and Allah made the reconciliation among the Muslims on the hand of Hassan due to his religiosity, his wisdom and his God-fearing attitude. So the saying of the Prophet became true what narrated by Bukhari in his Sahih: “Surely my this son is a chief and it is expected that Allah will make reconciliation among two big groups of Muslims by him.” Rule of the Day! If you search for someone and find him, you say “O! He is here!!!”, you use the words L
N N. In order to describe that “O! I’m here!!!!” Q N is used. You’ve to adjust the pronouns accordingly. For example ¬: [ 29< \E .PL ,N N ¬ZE \ E \Ê N ¬ H c " \E .PQ N ¬" \E ª$i \d N ¬:N b : [ \E .$i ZN N ¬X c 29< \E . L "N N $i. Do you know? One of the painful debates in the literature of Muslim History is the analysis of mistakes of Caliph A’li & Mu’awiyah 0 -1
"./. We should seek refuge of Allah from that. Both of them were the great companions of the Prophet Z& (n (>/ 0 A. We should respect both of them and avoid such debate due to three reasons: (1) The Prophet asked us not to blame his companions. (2) It is a useless debate which will not provide any benefit in our salvation. (3) The information available in the books of history is extremely distorted. In the second century, the extremists of different sects opponent to these two companions created a huge junk of fictitious reports about both of them. Such reports are available in the history books are extremely unauthentic. Therefore, we can never reach to a right conclusion.
Explanation
Word
It became true Chief Two groups
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
It is harmed by
% 8 /
Both of you present it to
:G q>&
He guarantees
R F p E
Both of you demand
?
\ >%
He abdicated
2 .H
So they came to him
X >H
m d H
241
- /%
Level 03
Lesson 15A: Mansubaat ; <. The Result (1) Now compare the result. Each word carried one mark. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
Z)*
,</
English 2 [
Remember Allah a lot.
ow ( L
2 [
Allah increased them in sickness.
- ( Z% N
2 [
Believe in what I’ve revealed while it is testifying what is with you.
2 [
He made the earth as a bed and the sky as a roof for you.
2 [
You were lifeless, so He gave you life.
2 [
Come down out of it together.
(< 2F 2 [ (< 2F
Z% pR " *q: # h "< . n $ .< $U ") b k 1% 'U Z% pR I Z% R >[% H % Z% .R
>"I .% R4?N% 1 : * % &%
He ignited a fire.
:1 .% 9R
Eat from it with ease. He brought the water down from the height.
$ $ ") \% 2 h %
ªm4 2F 1:
They were given plenty of sustenance in form of fruits.
*%1 a " 8 \% .% R* 1
(< 2F
Be careful about the day when no person will be rewarded for anything instead of another person.
%>b y a F# \% / y G F# Ph3 % H i %E R H
( 2F ª/ 2 [ (< 2F
i p N .# 3
So We made it a lesson. Enter in the door while prostrating.
:3& ?# Rc %
So that they buy a small price for it.
9 >* ."8 ( < ! % >
2 [
He passed through a town while it was fallen upon its roofs
b / / J E c , N a E% * /
(< 2F
So We brought a calamity down from the sky to the offenders.
$ ") \% h%I1 " \ EQ / .#h
h>>"H
.%>/ ! % / .8# ( .% ; % 3 F
So 12 springs gushed out of it
Quranic Arabic Program
242
Level 03
Lesson 15A: Mansubaat ; <.
Z)*
,</
English
2F) h B ((> ( 2F p£ B (< 2F 2 [ h B 2 [ h B 2 [ / ª( 2F 2 [ h B 2 [ p£ B h>>"H : ¶.)[ ª1: : ¶-* 1: FA
h>>"H
The One Who took His slave from the Holy Mosque (of Makkah) to the Mosque of Jerusalem in one night. Bow down with those who bow down. Don’t fight with them near the Holy Mosque. We sent a Prophet in you who is one of you. Those who believe have intense love for Allah.
f K 1% + d # : 3 ) % " # : .% / Z% N RH H i Z% pR .% i &1 Z% pR > .# & 1% ( ?[ ~:b . n \ EQ % / ,qe 1 9 >% ,% * ;
I called my nation day and night. So whoever fear about the testator a biased inclination or injustice
"#8e % F.I ¤ a \% B c \% " Z% pR Õe : % < Z% H% F :% *
You’ve disbelieved after your faith Don’t make a promise with them secretly.
& \N :/ H i 1 \N Rp) "% H i
Don’t hold them in order to harm. So if you fear (a danger, then pray) while on foot or mounting. So He revealed to them to exalt (Allah) in the morning and evening.
?# 1 % i I Z% F# c #
>! / p# < dq?& # Z% >% e [%
6E Z% pR .% \% "
So whoever in you is sick The man wants to disobey in front of Him.
( 3 F# > R ){ : EE : # I f "8 Z% N : I%
So beat them with 80 lashes Who is the one who give a loan to Allah as a good loan.
.)[ -%* ( k # E PQ L \% >% f 898 & :% /
We promised Moses for 30 nights
Quranic Arabic Program
: 3 ) % " # \% 9 >% X : ?% <
&% PQ *# 'U : 3 ) % " # e + d #
243
Level 03
Lesson 15A: Mansubaat ; <.
Z)*
,</
English
Z% pR ./ ( Fc
h B
Now, Allah has reduced (the responsibility) on you.
p£ B
Rivers will flow under it.
1 %'U d % H P3 % H
Surely, Allah is with the steadfast people.
\ E< K ( e
( 2F ª(< 2F :i9[ FA : ?>
So eat whatever Allah has given you as a lawful and pure food.
?q> i 9[ ( Z% pR * 1 " RpR
h B
Proclaim the name of your Lord in the morning and evening.
q<1 Z &% % R L# 9 >A p# < l
p£ B
We made you a middle group so that you testify in front of people.
$U : b Rp 4& R Z% R .# I . /
You will grow seven years continuously.
< f .& K ?% & /1 h% H
m4 2F
Allah talked to Moses definitely.
">p# H & ( Z
h B
They said, “Now you have brought the truth.”
qmd # < # I R *
h B
So what is that after truth except the deviation?
2 [
h>>"H
?% ! / : [ E%1 ,qe < E
O my father! I’ve seen 11 stars.
:E:b < Q/ Z% <jQ/ R
m4 2F
So I’ll punish them severely.
p£ B
He knows what is in front of them and what is behind them.
Z% F # c Z% E:E% \ >% < Z % E R Z% pR M < :% *
p ;
2 [
Allah has raised Saul as a king.
2 [
Who is better than Allah in directives?
h>>"H
He reached at the age of 40 years
h>>"H
We caused the springs to gush out from the earth
Quranic Arabic Program
2R 96 ie qmd # : % < L "
"#p[ ( \% \ ) [% \% .& f <1% ´ <
244
>/ k 1% 'U % 3
Level 03
Lesson 15A: Mansubaat ; <.
Z)*
,</
English
Replacement of
1:
/ :$ @< 2 [ : >?wH Replacement of
1:
1: Replacement of
1:
.2 [ : ow ª9>* / :$ hI Replacement of
2 [ : >8 I ª1: h>>"H :2 w (< 2F : oc 1: : ?[ FA : Ó"I Replacement of
1:
2 [ : d?2 [ : [:* h B : d?A (< 2F : (< 2F : ¼
Soon the offenders will know that they will return what sort of return.
? .E O a . P " \ EQ Z % >&
Example of those who spend their wealth in order to seek Allah’s pleasure and as a firmness from themselves
-% $U @<% Z% % R F .E \ EQ R w Z% ) FR % \% >?w# H (
Allah gave us the faculty of speech, He is the One Who gave faculty of speech to everything
$a ,% b R m 4 PQ ( . 4
Surely, they plot a scheme and I plot a scheme
:%> : > :%> :>pE Z% e
He shows you His signs, so which signs of Allah you deny? So they should laugh less and weep more due to the reward they are earning. You will see each group of people kneeled down. So whoever does good equal to the weight of a particle will see it
( 2F ª/
"< $ hI ow Rp?% ># 9 >* Rpd 6 % ># ?) p# E >8 I a R R
H XE %>c a 1L 2 w# # " % E \% " H
"I ?[ 2 "# ~?d
You love wealth intensely
We scattered them completely in scattered fragments.
Y a h" R Z% N .*# h
(I present as an evidence) the snorting war horses, dashing off sparks by the strike of their hoofs, making raids in the morning, and leaving a trail of dust as they dash into the middle of the gathered (enemy troops)! Surely man is ungrateful to his Lord
ª [%:* ; E1 "# ª d%? ; E # \ 4# & ª # ( < % 8 ª d%?A ; o@ " # G .p ( q< ){ e ª %"I ( <
Throw into the Hell every stubborn disbeliever
:a >./ 1a F R Z . I , > #
Replacement of
1:
p .H ( ; En P ( H En Z% pR EE
Don’t kill your children due to fear of poverty
Quranic Arabic Program
245
Y a 9%e >! % c Z% R i% R# H i
Level 03
Lesson 15A: Mansubaat ; <.
Z)*
,</
English
1: :$ hI FA : 1 2 [ : F&e ?6
Surely your reward is the Hell, an ample reward Moses return to his people while he was full of anger and grief
1R% $ hI Z% R hI Z . I
F& ?6 % ( % * e & K I 1
1: : d FA : .>?
Surely We opened a clear victory upon you
.>? d% l .d % e
2 [
Those who remember Allah while standing, sitting or laying on their sides
/ *R >* ( R Q# E \ EQ Z% <.I
1: : 3N FA :9>"I 2 [
9 >"I %3N Z% N % 3 N%
Leave them in a beautiful way
That you will not speak people for three continuous nights
1:
Surely, We poured the plenty of water out for you
1:
Then We broke the earth wide open
p£ B 2 [ / ª( 2F 2 [ (< 2F :... UÓ?[ / : / 2 [
?A $U "# .?% ?A
b k 1% 'U .# b Z8R
> / p X .% 1
We raised him to a high place
9 >* Z% # q
Give them a small time limit Who sells his soul in order to seek Allah’s pleasure When the verses of The Merciful are recited in front of them, they fall down in prostrating and weeping condition We grew grains, grapes, nutritious vegetation, olives, dates and lush gardens (having) fruits and herbage, as a sustenance for you and your cattle
The Prophet prayed while sitting and people behind him prayed while standing
Quranic Arabic Program
E & 2a > S 98 . Z jp H i
246
( -% $U @<% ( ) F# P! % E \% ~c \ " [% ; En Z% >% / % H Le
>p < :3&
E% ?%6* ?./ ?[ > .% ?%
/ ª < ?#R m } :[ 9 % Z% pR %'U Z% pR X $U 1 A ¶:/ * 0 2R &1 A
¶"} * 2J I1
Level 03
Lesson 15A: Mansubaat ; <. The Result (2) Now compare the result. Each word carried two mark. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
Z*1 3 (interrogation + same category)
4 3 (negation + same category)
,</
English They don’t deceive anyone except themselves. Those of you who die and leave wives, they should devise a bequest for their wives for sustenance of one year without driving them out (of home) He does not deviate except those who are morally corrupt.
4
So whoever wants any (religion) other than Islam, it will not be accepted from him
1
So they prostrated except Iblees
5
I visited the mosques of the city except one
1
There are uneducated people who do not consider the “Book” (of God) anything except their own wishes
5
I read the book except a page
6
Don’t worship (anyone) except Allah
3 (interrogation + same category)
% E Z% ) FR ie /: >A I % 1Q E Z% pR .% % E \ EQ V a c% e >% 2 % d # e / Z% I % 'U f & F# ie ( < z 6 E ( .% ?# E \% .E + 9%&{ >% ´ ?% E \% y ><%e ie :3 ) ¶:[ :/ .E:" # : I ) ; 1% , ie p # " % E i ~>qR Z% .% d F# A 9c p ; *
So what is the reward of that of you who does so except detestation?
( ie :?% H i L R F# E \% $= hI " P G h% c ie Z% pR .% l f F } c ie NRc :% E # Z%
3
It was not appropriate for them to enter it except afraid (of God)
5
He plucked the flowers except a rose.
1 9c 1 N' K 4 *
5
He plucked the flowers except a rose.
1 9c 1 N' K 4 *
3
They will not harm you except teasing.
L ie Z% R ~6 E \%
6
Muhammad is nothing (not a god) except a Prophet.
2J &1 ie :G "d
Quranic Arabic Program
247
Level 03
Lesson 15A: Mansubaat ; <. The Result (3) Now compare the result. Each line carried four marks. If your score is below 80%, repeat the test.
,</
English
G E:* $a ,% b jR / (
Allah is Powerful over everything. Surely, Allah is Powerful over everything. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
Àe
Made emphatic
Gave O to the word 0 .
G E:* $a ,% b jR / ( e ~) E Z % E (
Allah knows what they conceal. Definitely, Allah knows what they conceal. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
À
Made emphatic
Gave O to the word 0 .
~) E Z % E ( f >! =$1 N
They are the heads of devils. Like that they are the heads of devils. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
À
Added the sense of ‘like’
Gave O to the word N.
f >! =$1 ( :G E:b ( Q/
The punishment of Allah is hard. But the punishment of Allah is hard. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
\p
Added the sense of ‘but’
Gave O to the word Q/.
6 % E # ,>d % ) % E i ( 9 w
Allah does not hesitate to describe an example. Definitely, Allah does not hesitate to describe an example. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
Àe
Made emphatic
Gave O to the word 0 .
Quranic Arabic Program
:G E:b ( Q/ \p
248
# ,>d % ) % E i ( e 9 w 6 % E
Level 03
Lesson 15A: Mansubaat ; <.
,</
English
?E* R RpH R / )
The Day of Judgment may be near. I hope that the Day of Judgment may be near. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
Added “I hope that”
Gave O to the word / &.
?E* R RpH / )
>"I ( R R #
The entire power is with Allah. Definitely, the entire power is with Allah. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
À
Made emphatic
Gave O to the word *.
>"I ( R # ?% * ~
I died before. I wish that I would have been died before. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
>
Added “I wish that”
Gave O to the word .
?% * ~ ,.>% E
>"I . *
He killed the entire humanity. Whoever killed a person without a legal retaliation or as a mischief in the earth, so it is like that he killed entire humanity. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
Added “like that”
Gave O to the word .
% y a F# >% @ < )#F * \%
"p k 1% 'U , a )
>"I . * J o ?p , N
She is great. Surely, she is great. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
Àe
Made emphatic
Gave O to the word ,N.
J o ?p e m[ 2R & : : b
They witnessed: “The Prophet is true.” They witnessed: “Definitely, The Prophet is true.” Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
À
Made emphatic
Gave O to the word 2&1.
Quranic Arabic Program
249
m[ 2 & : b
Level 03
Lesson 15A: Mansubaat ; <.
,</
English
G F# A J "I N
Those are yellow camels. Like that those are yellow camels. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
À
Added “like that”
Gave O to the word N.
Between me and you, there is distance of the East & the West. I wish that there would be a distance of the East & the West between me and you. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
>
Added “I wish that”
Gave O to the word f< but it is ,.?, so no apparent change
G F# A J "I ( \ >% * ! % " # : % < l .>% < ,.>% < : % < l .>% < ,.>% < >% E \ >% * ! % " # " % E i Z% N w#
Majority of them don’t know. But majority of them don’t know. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
\p
Added “but”
Gave O to the word w.
" % E i Z% N w# \p > # % , N
She was the decisive. I regret that she was decisive. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
>
Added “I regret”
Gave O to the word ,N.
> # % >% E J .p# G >% < \N
They are hidden eggs. Like that they are hidden eggs. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
Added “like that”
Gave O to the word \N.
% l L : % < S R : d % E (
Allah will describe the matter after that. I expect that Allah will describe the matter after that. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
Added “I hope”
Gave O to the word 0 .
Quranic Arabic Program
J .p# G >% < \
250
l L : % < S R : d % E ( % Level 03
Lesson 15A: Mansubaat ; <.
,</
English
" % E ,% *
My nation knows. I wish that my nation would know. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
>
Added “I wish”
Gave O to the word ,*.
" % E ,% * >% E G E N
He is a patient. Abraham went to the hospital because he is a patient. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
'
Added “because”
Gave O to the word N.
F!)"# Æe Z >N
*R # ! \ d %
We grew up ages. But We grew up ages. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
\p
Added “but”
Gave O to the word \Ê.
*R # ! .p
.% ( .% \ d % 2 &
We obey Allah and we obey the Prophet. We wish that we would have obeyed Allah and the Prophet. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
>
Added “we wish”
Gave O to the word \Ê.
.% ( .% .>% E 2 & $= !E \% P:% E (
Allah guides whomever He wants. But Allah guides whomever He wants. Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
\p
Added “but”
Gave O to the word 0 .
G 1 < ~3 #
The weather is cold. I didn’t come out of home because the weather is cold Action by:
Impact on Meaning:
Impact on Form:
{
Added “because”
Gave O to the word » .
Quranic Arabic Program
$= !E \% P:% E ( \p
251
3 # ' >? Ic G 1 < Level 03
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting The Result: Calculate your score. Each paragraph carries 10 mark. If your score is less than 80%, repeat the exercise. The translation is provided for each paragraph. Text in parenthesis [ ] is the information not describe in the original Arabic text but its sense is understood.
h
The Law of Zakat
h EH :*” :º H (* , " >% 4 / ¶6E m 4H .(53:32 Z3. ) “Z% pR ) FR % zh H 9” :º H (* , " ªC:"# / m 4H . Eqh $ ". @ , h
¶< ´ ? 2 "# , O 3 E m[ :$ FR C 94A , h .>% # , :G } P , J I 1 2 > C 9 / m4H (91:9 y"! ) “ N \% D # .º H 0 , >/ ¤ ."# > "w B .A¾
h Z p[ ...5 "I% { .~) p < J ?I J 6 E ,N . 9 \ >% H ! : < M R w \ ~ ,N ) "# +9&{ 1 : [ ,N
R h (>/ O 3 H \% + % E ( [ Hn” :º H ( ( >.% I * (> O3H ( 5 1h , ie ªR2d# (>/ 2R d E # q. , R ! % E . q. l "# qd # Z)£ / O 3 H .O"# y ?"# Z 4"# \ p )"# E1 6 ; I d# \/ 9 pE (> R %!E " .(6:141 + ' ) “.X [ Definition of Zakat The literal meaning of Zakat is growth and increase. It is also applied to ‘praise as in Allah’s words: “Don’t praise yourself (to claim purity)”. It is also applied on purification as in Allah’s words: “The one succeeded who purified himself.” It is also applied on rightness. It is said that “a nice man” i.e. the one who is excessively good. In the terminology of jurists, Zakat means the mandatory receivable right chargeable on the wealth which reach to the minimum Zakatable limit in the eight categories (of wealth) stated in the Allah’s book. Directives about Zakat It is one of five essential elements of Islam. It is the third element after the two declarations and the prayer. It is obligatory and mandatory by the Book, Sunnah and Consensus (of the Muslims). Zakat is Obligatory for whom? Zakat is obligatory for every Muslim who is free (from slavery) and owner of the minimum taxable amount. It is also a condition of the taxable amount that a year has been passed on it (i.e. it is in the possession of its owner since one year), except in agricultural production because it (Zakat) is mandatory in it at the time of its harvest, as mentioned in Allah’s words: “Give its obligation on the day of harvest.” Similarly, another condition in it (Nasaab) is that it is more than the basic needs e.g. residence, food, dress and mounting animal (or vehicle).
Rule of the Day! In order to express sickness, the words ( <
2J & (you’re suffering with cough) etc. Explanation
Word
ªl< ª,< are used e.g. ¶/ :A ,< (I’m suffering with a pain), l <
Explanation
One year
2R d#
A free person, not a slave
Agricultural produce
5 1h
It is made conditional
Time of its harvest
X [ ª( >.% I
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
qd # R ! % E 2R d E
It passes
252
Explanation
Word
Growth
$ ".
Reaching
´ ?
Minimum amount of wealth on which Zakat is due
Level 03
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting (H ">* ç h > O 3 H , 2 ' k / Ö . 6F O N Q R Ö V .1 "w ?d # R Ö .(Z.@ ª ? ª<{ ) ,N + ' " >< \ R " } ) Ö :2 ' X Q N \ . 1 3
<{ :+ ' " >< \ R " } ) Ö o " d # 2 @?# ª B G 9 c %> # , .a o w M E [< l Q z: &% ªR h > O 3 H , B .A % '®U \ , N Z .@ # ?# <{® / $= FR # K " I% . 1 3q \% pR H Z% J > y >% >d # B .A % \% N >% 0 Z)< :\ Ed? ºe ( I " p QN ( O (./ 0 ,-1 mE: p< < (./ 0 ,-1 l \< y \/ X:.)< (d>dA , P1 ?
1 \ & \" Z& (>/ 0 A (&1 < 0 = , f")£ / Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 k , R * : J 6E XQN ªZ>[ \µ : % E 9 * & \ ª 4% ># I / f")£ The (Categories of) Wealth in which the Zakat is Payable and Minimum Limit for each of them and the Value of Zakat These categories include: A – Livestock from cattle. They are camels, cows and goats. B – Zakat for grains and fruits. C – Zakat for gold and silver. D – Zakat of the trading merchandise. A – Livestock & Cattle: Camel: The Jurists agree that camel, cows and goats are the category on which Zakat is payable. They present a lot of Ahadith as evidence. There is a disagreement in case of horses. There is no Zakat in mules, donkeys and other categories of animals if they are not held for trading purposes. Bukhari narrates in his Sahidh with his chain of narrators reaching to Anas Ibn Malik that Abu Bakr Al-Siddique wrote a letter directing to Bahrain: “In the name of Allah, the Most Affectionate, the Merciful. This is the mandatory charity that Allah’s Prophet made obligatory on the Muslims and what Allah has instructed His prophet. So whoever among Muslims is asked about it, he should pay it. And whoever is asked anything beyond that, he should not pay.
If the number of camels is up to 24, a goat will be paid for every five camels. If they reach to 25 – 35, a one-year old she-camel will be payable.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
2 @?#
Mules
Fruits of a garden
y a "c , Z .@ \ " <{ \ (24) \ E!/ K<1 , Ö .J b .< >F (35) f898 y a "c ºe (25) \E!/ ¶)"c % @ < L Ö .wR k a
Word
1 "w
Explanation The animals who eat grass and herbs
Word
R " } )
Donkeys
o " d #
Gold
O N Q
He should not give
% E i
Silver
6F
Cattle, livestock
They agreed
K " I%
Camel
<{
J b
A sheep A one-year old she-camel
k a .<
Female
wR
" >< + '
Kinds, species
B .A % #U
Cows
?
They based their view
z: &%
Sheep or goats
Z.@
%> #
Horses
Quranic Arabic Program
Animals
253
Grains, crops
?[ Level 03
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting
(45) f<1 y"c ºe (36) f898 ¶& @< L Ö .w a ?R .< >F
If they reach to 36 – 45, a two-years old she-camel will be payable. If they reach to 46 – 60, a three-years old she-camel will be payable which is able to have sex with the camels. If they reach to 61 – 75, a four-years old she-camel will be payable. If they reach to 76 – 90, two two-years old she-camels will be payable, which are able to have sex with the camels. If they reach to 91 – 120, two three-years old she-camels will be payable. If they exceed 120, a two-years old she-camel will be payable in each 40 camels and a three-years old she-camel will be payable in each 50 camels. If a person only has 4 camels, there will not be any charity payable in that except its owner wants to pay something. If the number reaches at 5 camels, a lamb will be payable.” (Hadith)
J [ >F (60) f& ºe (46) f<1 & @< L Ö ."3 # R *% (75) f?& y"c ºe (61) f& J :[ @< L Ö .J / Q I >F
.< >F (90) f)H ºe (76) f?& & @< L Ö .a ? } \E!/ ºe (91) f)H
:[e @< L Ö ."» * [ >F (120) f <1 ,F (120) } \E!/ / ; L Ö . [ f)"c , ? .< ie J * : A > y> <{ \ K <1 ie ( \RpE Z \ Ö “...J b >F <{ \ ¶)"c @< L ª ~<1 $U !E .ME:¹
? :+ ' " >< \ R " } ) Ö
A – Livestock & Cattle : Cows No Zakat is payable up to 30 cows held as livestock. If they reach from 30 – 39, a one-year old cow or bull will be payable. If they reach from 40 – 59, a two-years old cow will be payable. If they reach from 60 – 69, two one-year old cows will be payable. If they reach from 70 – 79, a two-years and a one-year old cow or bull will be payable. If they reach from 80 – 89, two two-years old cows will be payable. If they reach from 90 – 99, three two-years old cows will be payable.
.J " } ) ? \ (30) f89w "> y> Ö Ka )H ºe J %>?H KG >% ?H >F (30) f898 @ < L Ö .(39) f898 f)"c Ka )H ºe .) >F (40) f<1 @< L Ö .(59) f& Ka )H ºe %>?H >F (60) f& @< L Ö .(69) .(79) f?& Ka )H ºe K>?H .) (70) f?) , Ö .(89) f "8 Ka )H ºe .) (80) f "w , Ö .(99) f)H Ka )H ºe 5 G ?H 898 (90) f) , Ö
Worth Reading: The Revolution Occurred. What is the reason of our negative mentality and how to get rid of it? http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/English/PE02-0010-Revolution.htm Explanation Plural of K>?H A she-camel mature enough for having sexual intercourse with a hecamel
Word
5 G ?H R *% "3 #
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation
Word
KG >% ?H
One year old cow
.)
Two years old cow
Explanation A two-years old she-camel A three-years old shecamel A four-years old camel
254
Word
a ?R .< J [ J / Q I Level 03
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting
If they reach to 100 – 109, one two-years old and two oneyears old cows will be payable. If they reach to 110 – 119, two two-years old cows and one one-year old cow will be payable. If they reach to 120, three two-years old cows or four oneyear old cows will be payable.
The argument is what Ahmed reported with his chain of narrators. The buffalos etc. are cows because it is a type of cow. A – Livestock & Cattle: Goats & Sheep About the livestock, the Hadith of Anas has come that is included in the letter of Abu Bakr as mentioned above about camels. Its annexure which specifies the Prophet’s saying about (the Zakat of) goats is:
About Zakat of goats, when they reach to 40 – 120 lambs (or goats), one lamb (or goat) is payable. If they exceed 120 but are up to 200, two lambs will be payable. If they exceed 200 but are up to 300, three lambs will be payable. If they exceed 300, one lamb will be payable for every 100 sheep. If the livestock of a person is less than 40 lambs even by a single lamb, there is not Zakat payable in that except if its owner wants to pay.” Bukhari reported it.
B – Zakat of Grains and Fruits About them, there is the statement of Allah, the Exalted: “He is the One Who grew gardens trellised and non-trellised gardens for you, and date-palm trees and different types of agricultural produce for eating, and olives, and pomegranates, similar or different. Eat from its fruit and give its due liability on the day of its harvest. Don’t waste because Allah does not like those who waste.” The saying of the Prophet: “There is no Zakat payable on dates less than five Wasq (i.e. 653kg).
Explanation
Word
Dates Weight of Prophet’s time. Plural of m G & , app. 130.6 kg
"% ma & %
Explanation
)H } ºe K>?H .) (110) } ! , Ö .(119) !/ ºe 5 ?H K<1 ; .) S98 (120) } \E! , Ö (129) \E!/ K)H .J .) f <1% R , ª J >?H % KG >?H f 89 8 R , Qp N Ö \ N >% @ y > 3 # .X .&< : " [% X 1 lL / >: . ? 5 \ ' ?
Z .@ :+ ' " >< \ R " } ) Ö , + : " # a p< ¦ \ "6 " # y a M R E:[ $U I Z.@ , :Z& (>/ 0 A ¯. 2* Z .@ ~È E " ( " pH <{ ºe (40) f<1 Le " } & , Z .@ * : A , Ö .J b ªa b (120) } \E!/
>F (200) f} ºe (120) } \E!/ / ; % L Ö . H b
>F (300) } S R 98 ºe (200) f} / ; L Ö .Xa >b S R 98 . b } ,F (300) } S R 98 / ; L Ö :[ J b a b f <1 \ J * I "} & L Ö .P1 ? X 1 . ~<1 $ !E ie *:A > y>
1 "w ?d # R v >% ; a b% ; a .I !% PQ N ” :º H 0 2R * >
< ! ~ E%h ( R R F % 5 1% h % . a; b% i X [ + % E ( [ Hn "8# Le X "8 \ RR a(< ! o# A 2 & 2* (6:141 + ' ) “.f%)£R ~Od E i ( e R ) % H “.J *:A "% \ ma & % R ) "c "> y%>” :Z& (>/ 0 ((>/ mF)
Word
; a b%
Trellised
~
Pomegranates
f%)£R
Careless spender, waster
Quranic Arabic Program
.(109) Ka )H } ºe >?H .) (100) } £ , Ö
255
Explanation Buffalos, plural of I
Word
y > I
Its owner (here it means that of animal, not God)
~<1
Sheep, plural of b
Xa >b Level 03
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting (Ic
“. ! D 6 % . < & "> ! ª ÓEw/ > $= ") & ">” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. \/ "./ 0 ,-1 "/ \ < \/
.PQ < P1 ?
. < Z) (Ic
“. ! >* ) < , & "> ª11 ! Z >@ 1 %' % & ">” :2 E Z& (>/ 0 A , ?. K"& ( a < I \/
q1 ' ª ¶c: 9 >p ¶HR* \ N . , 2 >/ E . " ªO>% ! :,N B a .A ) "c / 5 "I% { ~È. 1 :* 3 ªk 1% '®U $= ".% &% ( / 1h < : # E R , O 3 H h e F >.[ < O N Q .B .A % '®U X Q N :/ , $= " # c% Z8R . No 2 F : 1zQ .l L ( < : # E i ªk1% '®U 29@% &% ( < : # E " N >% E <'®U ; 6 % # ?d # 1 "jw \ Reported by Ibn U’mar from the Prophet that he said: “Whatever (land) is irrigated by the rain or natural springs or moisture, 1/10 (of the production) is payable (as Zakat) and whatever is irrigated by pumping from a well, half of the 1/10 (i.e. 1/20) will be payable.” Bukhari, Abu Dawood and Tirmidhi reported it. Reported by Jabir that he listened the Prophet while he was saying: “Whatever (land) is irrigated by natural rivers and rain, 1/10 (of the production) is payable (as Zakat), and whatever is irrigated by an irrigator (i.e. man-made irrigation system on which one has to pay), half of 1/10 is payable.” Muslim & Abu Dawood reported it. Clear statement (of the Quran & Sunnah) and consensus has arrived about five items. They are: Barley, wheat, selt, raisins and dates. Based on them, the process of legal analogy is applied to impose Zakat on items like rice, corn, lentils and beans etc. based on their edibility, measurability and storability. Then the scholars disagreed on the items other than these kinds. Abu Hanifa formed the opinion that Zakat is mandatory on all items which are gained in agriculture by growing plants on the earth i.e. fruits, grains, vegetables, seeds etc. These are all items whose objective is to exploit the land. It is not mandatory on those whose objective is not that. 1. The idea behind this is that if a farmer is getting water free of charge for his crops, he has to pay a Zakat of 10% of agricultural produce. If he irrigates his land by paying money for it, he has to pay a Zakat of 5% of the produce. Zakat can be paid in kind or in cash. 2. “Qiyaas” is the process of legal reasoning. If a law is described for a particular situation due to a specific reason, it will also be applicable to the other situations having the same reason. For example, if alcohol is forbidden due to its intoxication, other items like heroin etc will also be forbidden due to the same reason. 3. At present time, some scholars have applied the process of “Qiyaas” on industrial production. They consider it similar to agricultural production. According to their view, it is essential for a industrialist to pay Zakat equal to 5% of his factory production. Some scholars go further to apply the same to the turnover of service industry. Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Rice
q1 '
Barley
>% !
It is irrigated
Corn
1zQ
Wheat
R 4 .d#
Natural springs
A kind of barley
#)
Irrigated naturally be rain or moisture
Raisin, grapes
O >
Irrigated by pumping from a well
D 6 % .
Rivers
1 %'
Lentils
:
Beans
2F
Getting benefit of earth by agriculture Vegetables Seeds, plural of J 1 h< Exploitation
$= ".% &% ; 6 % c
E <'®U 29@% &%
Quranic Arabic Program
It is derived for similar things
E
¶HR*
Food items Items sold by measure
9 >p ¶c:
Storable items
256
Clouds, rain
& >
ÓEw/
Z >@
1/10, plural of !/
1 !
Irrigated by
>* ) Level 03
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting ªZ& (>/ 0 A ,?. 5 < ¶/ A ~& m &% .(>/ m F"# M E:d # , U " ma & % )"c ´ < Le R h O 3 H : h (> O 3 H PQ q. :"%[ X 1 “. ¶/ A & m &% ” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. P1:# :>& ¦ ME:d .(+ I> 653) 5 A } S R 98 : Le . p> # * ª [ 9A :< Le "w , :b% Le qOd # O 3 H .(I \< “.X [ + E ( [ Hn” :º H ( ª d The Minimum Quantity on which Zakat is Payable: The Zakat is payable when it reach to five Wasq as it is passed in the agreed-upon Hadith. A Wasq is equal to 60 Sa’ according to the Sa’ of the Prophet. So the minimum quantity will be 300 Sa’ (i.e. 653 kg). As mentioned in the Hadith of Abu Sa’eed Al-Khudri that the Prophet said: “The Wasq is equal to 60 Sa’.” Ahmed & Ibn Maja reported it. Zakat is mandatory on the grains when it reaps and on the fruit when its maturity starts. Its time is that of harvest as mentioned in Allah’s words: “Give the due liability on the day of harvest.”
6F ONQ (V) “.Z> Q< ZN%q!? 0 >?& , R F .% E i 6F O N Q h.p# E \ E%Q ” :º H ( p \ .5 "%I{ .) p < ?I ,N Le ie [ . PqgE i a 6 i O a N L O [ A \% ” :Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 2 * (./ 0 ,-1 EN < X 1 " : .) \ (9:34 .& a f)"c X1 : +a E , ( ; % : >/R %; < "R X ( .>?I ( ?.% I <
#p> Z .I 1 , >/ , " [% R 1 \ D } FA ( % d jFA > + E .(d>dA , Z) (Ic“.1 . ºe e .» ºe e ( >?&
> ? f< 6 E [ < )
< P )H i w ! ª h (> % ?I 2R d# (>/ 2 [ i w# \ E!/ ´< Le :ONQ (1) :Ã d. / h (> Oì PQ . ,?. (./ 0 ,-1 P1:Á :>& ¦ ME:¹ h > % ?I 2¹ >/ 2 [ Z N 1 ,} R 6F @< Le :6F (2) . ?E H ¶ I 85 , d# ; 9" 6F O NQ < m d # E . ¶?E H ¶ I 585 P )H Y a y "c .P1 ? X 1 “.*:A Y a y"c "> y>” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A .(1/40) ! K <1 N ( I ce O I 1 : " # .R >* 1 C – Zakat of Gold & Silver It is mandatory according to the Book, the Sunnah and the Consensus. According to the Book as in Allah’s words: “Those who hoard gold and silver and do not spend it in Allah’s way, give them the news of a painful punishment.” According to Sunnah as narrated by Abu Hurairah that the Prophet said: “The owner of gold and silver who does not pay its liability, their plates will be flattened and then heated by the Hellfire and it will be stamped over his sides, forehead and back. Whenever they’ll cool down, they will be returned (to hot condition). It will be in a day whose length is 50000 years. (It will continue) until the decision about the slaves will be made. So then he’ll see his way to the Paradise or to the Hell.” The minimum amount on which the Zakat is mandatory is as follows: (1) Gold: When it reaches to 20 Mithqal and a year has been passed on it, Zakat will be mandatory on it. 20 Mithqaal are equal to approximately 85 grams according to present-day measure. (2) Silver: When the silver reaches to 200 Dirham and a year has been passed on it, the Zakat will be mandatory according to the Hadith of Abu Sa’eed Al-Khudri that the Prophet said: “There is no Zakat on (silver) less than five Awwaq.” Five Awwaq equal to 585 grams approximately. Paper currently will be attached to gold and silver. The mandatory amount which should be brought out is 1/40. Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Gram
¶ I
Plates
D } FA
It matures
It is attached
m d # E
It will be heated
, " [% R
Its ability (to eat)
[ 9A
They store
h.p# E
It will be flatten
% d jFA
Currency notes (including bank deposits, shares and other forms of wealth)
; 9" R >* 1
Quranic Arabic Program
#pE
It will be stamped
f ?I
Forehead
257
:b%
Level 03
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting 1 3 k/ () \ *: V E Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. :< :2 * : .% I \ < "& \/ , >? < X 1 " 1 3 k / , h O 3 H qh? , *:A ? , *:A Z.@ , *:A <{ ,” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. 1L ¦ \/ , >? ,.4*1 :
1 “.K >? X~: PQ “.(*:A .( " >* ! / K <%1 N ( H V c 2 d# c n ( * 2R d# (>/ 2 [ a 1 :* 1 3 k / \% l \% ¬1 3 2 R V ce >F> D – Zakat on Trade Merchandise Zakat is mandatory on the trade merchandise as narrated by Abu Dawood and Baihiqi on behalf of Sumrah Ibn Jundub. He said: After that, the Prophet used to instruct us that we bring the charity out of what we prepare for selling. Dar Qutni and Behiqi reported it on behalf of Abu Dhar that the Prophet said: “Zakat is payable on camel, sheep, cows and cloth (for sale).” How to Pay Zakat on the Trade Merchandise? Whoever is the owner of trade merchandise equivalent to the amount of Nasaab and a year has been passed on it, he should determine its value and pay Zakat which is 1/40 of its value.
a " H \ ¶/ A . / 6 1 \ 4F R k Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 ” "./ 0 ,-1 "/ \<
1 " k ,N : 4F R “.f")£ \ o?p o@ ” :P1 ? (>/ mF “.f")£ \ w a L :a ?/ Ä[ / o a b \ / A a * \ ¶/ A “.O>< \ / A * \ / A a " H \ / A o a b \ / A +a \% ¶/ A 4F V .R ” :2 * (./ 0 ,-1 P1:# :>& ¦ \/ . 61 \ 4F < O 3 H ' 4F ºe R h XQN % F >- . ">/ mF >% 4H > ªK>"3 :>/ pE (< ZN1& Z[ , $U >.' R1 !> : > + E , 2 g) \ / Z $ F ºe J )[e 4F R : "p[ % R 4F Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 k ” :2 * "./ 0 ,-1 ?/ \< 0 :?/ \ .Z#8e @ È a \ ( >A , R dE :* " Z } .\)[ .&< (I \< < X 1 “...f )" " ªM @ \ Z} Zakat of End of Fasting It is mandatory as Ibn U’mar reported that the Prophet of Allah made it mandatory to pay the Zakat for end of fasting of Ramadan. It is the liability of people to pay a Sa’ of dates, or a Sa’ of cheese, or a Sa’ of barley. It is the liability of each Muslim whether free or slave, or male or female .” (Bukhari & Muslim) agreed upon it and in Bukhari’s words: “And on younger and elder Muslims”. Reported by Abu Sa’eed Khurdi that he said: “We used to pay the Zakat of end of fasting, a Sa’ of food items or a Sa’ of barley, or a Sa’ of dates, of a Sa’ of cheese or a Sa’ of raisins. Both of them agreed upon it. This Zakat is associated with end of fasting because it is mandatory due to end of fasting of Ramadan. Its Wisdom: The Zakat of Fitr is paid as a generosity to poor in order to prevent them from begging during the days of Eid, so that they share the rich people the happiness and the enjoyment (of Eid) and the Eid becomes available to all of them. There is also purification for the one who fasts. It fulfills any decrease, non-sense or sin (committed during fasting). Reported by A’bdullah Ibn A’bbas that he said: “Allah’s Prophet made the Zakat of Fitr mandatory in order purify the one who fasts from non-sense and obscenity and as to provide food to the poor.” Abu Dawood & Ibn Maja reported it with good chain of narrators. Explanation Generosity Protecting them Obscenity
Word
J )[e M
Quranic Arabic Program
Explanation A ancient measure, equivalent to about 2.5kg
Word
5 A
Explanation Cloth (for trading)
qh? + *
Cheese
a *
He determine the value
Slave (his amount will be paid by his master)
:a ?/
Related to Eid-ul-Fitr
258
Word
4F Level 03
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting
ºe N>% c H ~Od )E ª 6 1 + E \ + E c n y a "b @ < O 3 H : * .+a a >% b O a >< a * a " H \ 5 G A a j \/ V % E : N1 : ?*
g H # 4F h < Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 ” : "./ 0 ,-1 " / \< \/ .X hI \ >% E +a >< l L ?* :* # e : > R 9A ?* .: > R 9A P “.9 ºe . V c Its Amount: Every person should pay a Sa’ of dates, cheese, raisins, barley or food items. Its Time: It is essential on the sunset of the last day of Ramadan. It is preferable to delay it until before the Eid Prayer. If he pays it early one or two days before, it will be OK. Ibn U’mare reported: The Allah’s Prophet instructed to pay Zakat of Fitr before people come out for the prayer.” i.e. the Eid’s prayer. (Note: Since the people used to pay it in form of perishable items, therefore, it was preferable to pay on the Eid’s day. Now it is usually paid in paper currency. So it is better to pay it before, so that poor people can buy their provisions before Eid. A Sa’ is equal to approximately 2.5 kg. It is better to determine the amount on the most expensive item mentioned above.)
Z<* F g " # >/ f f )£ $ F ; *: "e” :º H (* , Z E%p ( < , I h/ 0 N :[ h B 1 : h B 1 *q , :Z " E%p E , J qF J d R > "w B .A' (9:60 < ) “.ZGU >p[ ZG >/ 0 0 \ 6E >?) \< 0 >?& , \ >% 1 @ .( 2 i PQ N a >% K "I :$= FR v1 .( >FpE i ( .p 2 ( PQ N \a >% p ) K "I :\ >% )" # v2 :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. :>& ¦ M E:d . > Z " / / ¶I . Qc> $= >. . RQc E h 2 "/ P : >/ R v3 :"%[ X 1 “.Ä,.@ .
:N . (>/ Yq: H f a p) ª0 >?& , a ªa+1 ª( "< N b J I 1 >/ R :a )" ie ,.@ R *: z d H i” .f>! b / D>dA 2 * Z ¹ (I \< <
.Z/ 0 ªf")" # \/ ZN L zFpR > (>/ ?#wE Z 9&e \ ) d % > " ) % > 2 "# %4 % E \EQ P: Z<* Fg£ Ö4 Heads of Spending Zakat: Allah, the Exalted has specified the heads of spending in His Venerable Book. As in His words: “Surely, the Zakat is only for the poor, needy, its collectors, for winning hearts (of enemies), for freeing slaves, for those who have to pay a penalty, in Allah’s way, and for the (needy) traveler. It is mandatory from Allah and Allah is Knowledgeable, Wise.” These eight heads are clear and detailed in the venerable verse. They are: 1. Poor: It is plural of “Faqir”. He is the person who has no money at all. 2. Needy: It is plural of “Miskeen”. He is the person who has some money but it is not enough for him. 3. Its Collectors i.e. the collectors of tax who take it although they are rich. They take it as a remuneration for their job. As mentioned in the Hadith of Abu Sa’eed that the Prophet said: “The Zakat is not allowed for a rich person except the five: Its collector, or the person who purchased it (Zakat’s item by paying its price) from his money, or the person who has to pay a penalty, or a soldier in Allah’s way, or a poor to whom it was given but he gave it to a rich as a gift.” Ahmed, Abu Dawood, Ibn Maja and Hakim narrated it and Hakim said: It is reliable on the criteria of Bukhari & Muslim. 4. Winning their hearts i.e. those who are given wealth so that they convert to Islam or become good in Islam and become steadfast on it or to prevent Muslims from their harm (like some enemies). Allah knows better. Explanation Remuneration Fighter
Word
¶I a
Explanation
Word
Those who have to pay fine
>?) \<
Traveler
He gifted
:N
It is not enough for him
Their harm
ZN L
Workers, collectors
Quranic Arabic Program
\ >% 1 @ ( >FpE i 2 "/
259
Explanation Heads for spending He limited it
Word
B 1 :[
Whose hearts are required to be won
F g " #
Slavery
*q Level 03
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting . R E : >? !E ª(< $ < ( ?*1 lFR > 1O H p" # 4% E ( ªm>* m % / * ql , P : *q , v5 .Z>FpE h \ Z>e K :E $ig ª . H a > 1 F , ( .E $ , + ( h ¶.E% \ " "[ "dH \ w : 1 @ v6 .0 >?& , 3 # / Y F{ :0 >?& , v7 .X : < ºe E [ (>FpE ; *: \ 4> X F & / (< \ >% )E $a ,b ( y > :a < , %3" # )" # N : >?) \< v8 5. Those in slavery i.e. in freeing slaves and manumitting bondspersons. Surely it is given to a person who has a legal agreement to buy his freedom so that he makes his neck free by paying the due amount. Slaves are also purchased and manumitted with it. 6. Those who have to pay some penalties like who carries a burden or guaranteed a loan and it became mandatory on him (to pay) or a penalty in payment of his loan or due to an atonement for a sin he has repented. These people will be paid from the Zakat that will suffice them. 7. In Allah’s way i.e. spending on Jihad in Allah’s way. 8. Traveler: He is the traveler crossing a town and he has nothing which can help him in his travel. So he will be given from the Zakat that is sufficient for him to return to his town. 1. The Quran introduced the law of “Mukatabat” which means that if a slave wants freedom, he can buy it directly from his master. The master is bound to give him freedom at an agreed upon price. It will be the responsibility of the state and rich people of the society to help the slave to get rid of slavery.
Rule of the Day! In order to express that “I think…”, you say ~\ R . It requires
Do you know?
2F. For example, ¶?>? l~.R (I think you are a doctor), 1d) % l ~.R 'U ,qe (Surely, I think that you a victim of magic), " } * / ) ~\R (I consider that the Judgment
At the time of Islam, there were thousands of slaves. Islam had a strong interest in freedom of slaves. In addition to a large number of other steps to freed the slaves, Islam made it a permanent head in Zakat for manumission of slaves. After that, Islam introduced a lot of reforms to settle these ex-slaves in the society in a respectable manner. You can see the details in my book “Abolition of Physical & Intellectual Slavery in Islam”. It is available at:
two
will be implemented) etc. You’ve to adjust the pronouns accordingly. Worth Reading: Intellectual Slavery in the Muslim World. The author has analyzed the reasons and practice of intellectual slavery in the Muslim World. http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/Slavery/L0019-00Intslavery.htm
http://www.mubashirnazir.org/ER/Slavery/L0018-00Slavery.htm .
Explanation He guaranteed
Word
\ "
¶.E%
Loan
Explanation
Word
Explanation
The legal agreement between a slave & his master to buy freedom
<
Manumission, freeing a slave
ql
He will be purchased
!E
Manumission, freeing a slave
m % /
Atonement
1 F
Slaves, plural of :?/
: >?
Slave
Crossing, passing through
%3
Burden
"[
The slave who buy his freedom
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
260
m>* O H p" # Level 03
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting + >
The Law of Fasting
+ > EH .>. K y "! ºe 3F 5 RR \ ; 4F# " # \/ W ){ :5! , .+ E + A \ 1: + + > ªW ){ :@ , + >
+ > 6 : . J %>w M J E [ ( 6 , 1 L ªJ.I + > ” :0 2&1 2 * “.(< PhI ªÆ ( + > ie ( + % n \ < " / z R ” :I h/ 0 2 * :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 v1 +E 0 :./ O ># Z } Z B % R X:>< :a "Ç yF PQ ZG } A °e R ># ( H * :G [ ( < & ª%O % E i Qa E M # R % E 9 Z:[ + A + E .Z)£ xF >! X 1 “.( < C ( <1 , Le ªX4F< C 4 Le : "[ FE [ Z} .l ) % £ D E1 \ > :G [ (. R c :E i ª > +E "} (. R c :E R E ( 2 E ¶< < .3# , e” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. \/ (./ 0 ,-1 :a & \< & \/ v2 (>/ mF “.:[ (. # c :E Z m R c L ªZN o :[ (. R c :E i ªR > "} \E :2 E ªZNo
6 1 + A Z p[
" + >q Z% pR >% / O R . n \ EQ ~E E ” :º H 0 2* p \" :5 "I% { R .) p Z p¹ QN / R >: +9&{ 1 \ \G 1 N R H Z% pR Z% pR ?% * \% \ EQ / O R (2:183 ? ) “. Definition of Fasting Fasting in dictionary means refraining. “Siyaam” and “Soam” are the two 1: from the chapter +E + A. In the Divine Law, it means refraining from the forbidden things from dawn to sunset with an intention (of fasting). Virtues of Fasting 1. Allah’s Prophet said that Allah, the Exalted said: “Whatever deed the son of Adam does is for him except fasting which is for Me and I’ll reward it Myself.” Allah’s Prophet said: “Fasting is a shield. When anyone of you fast on a day, he should neither be obscene nor yell angrily. If anyone abuses him or fights with him, he should say that I’m fasting. By the One Who is controlling the life of Muhammad, on the Day of Judgment, the odor of mouth of a fasting person will be more pleasant than the aroma of musk. For the fasting person, there are two enjoyments: the When he breaks his fast, he enjoys his fast-breaking and when he will meet his Lord, he will be happy with his fasting.” 2. Sahl Ibn Sa’ad narrated on behalf o the Prophet that he said: “Surely there is a door in the Paradise called “Rayyan”. The fasting people will enter into it on the Day of Judgment. Nobody else will enter through it. It will be said: Where are the fasting people? They will stand up. Nobody other than them will enter through it. When they will enter, it will be closed and anyone else will not enter through it. Directives about Fasting It is one of the essential elements of Islam. The arguments of this directive are the Book, the Sunnah and the Consensus. From the Book, there are the words of Allah, the Exalted: “O believers! Fasting is made mandatory for you as it was made mandatory for those who were before you, so that you become God-fearing.”
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
More pleasant
O >#
Don’t shout (with anger)
Musk, perfume
l ) % £
He abused him
( < &
m R
Smell of mouth
Za B % R c
It will be closed.
Quranic Arabic Program
261
O % % E i
Explanation
Word
Refraining
W ){
Acts which nullify fasting e.g. eating
; 4F#
Don’t be obscene
M # R % E i Level 03
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting ,?. 2* .) \ (2:185 ? ) “.( "% ># % ! Z% pR .% : b \% " *% FR #
: # \% a; .q>< .
¶:N R n%R # ( > 2 h R PQ 6 1 % b ” :º H (* \ (>/ mF “. 61 +A ¸¹ h $ Ee 9 + *e 0 2&1 :"Ç 0 ie (e i b ªay"c / +9&{ ,.<" :Z& (>/ 0 A “¬+ > \ ,/ 0 k ,% ?c !0 2&1 E” :2 Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. 2 & 9 I1 (./ 0 ,-1 0 :>?/ \< d ME:[ , ."/ \< ME:[ .P1 ? xF (>/ mF “. %>b 5 4H ie ª 61 b” :2 ... 1 6 < \ E: \ % " / , ª+9&{ 1 : [ ( 6 1 + >A I / R ' % " I% :* A ,?. (./ 0 ,-1 EN ¦ \ . ¶E \ >% 898 ?b :/ 2 "< ªa2:/ :a [ \ 2 9# E < 61 b 2 c ?wE ¬! ?wE Z < .Z) P1 ? X 1 “. E f898 ?b : / R" Zp>/ ZR .(E 4 ( E A” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 As in His words: “The month of Ramadan in which the Quran was revealed as a guidance for the people and as clear signs of guidance and the criteria of truth. So whoever among you finds this month, he should fast in it.” From the Sunnah is the saying of the Prophet: “Islam is based on five things: Declaration that there is no god except Allah and that Muhammad is Allah’s Prophet; establishing the prayer; paying Zakat; performing the Pilgrimage and fasting in Ramdan.” Agreed upon Hadith of Ibn U’mar. According to the Hadith of Talhah Ibn U’baidullah, a person asked the Prophet and said: “O Allah’s Prophet! Inform me what Allah has made it mandatory on me from fasting?” He said: “The month of Ramadan only except if you want to add anything voluntarily. The Ummah has agreed upon on that fasting in Ramadan is obligatory and is one of the essential elements of Islam. It is known as an essential requirement of the religion. How the Month is Proved? The month of Ramadan is proved by observing moon even if it is observed a single reliable person. Or it is also proved by completing the 30 number of Sha’ban. Reported by Abu Hurairah that the Prophet said: “Start fasting by looking at it and stop fasting by looking at it. If clouds cover you then complete the number of Sha’ban by 30 days.”
.1 + :+ 1 3 % F # \% &% 'U >% # \% ><%'U R >% # Z% pR \ >?E [ < b% RR ” :º H 0 2 .y"! ºe 3F 5 \ ; 4 F"# \/ W ){ v1 . > & 1 . k >< &' >Á ><' ># < " # (2:187 ? ) “. >% e + >q ~"H Z8R jpR "e ª; >q. < 2R "/' "e” :Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 2 (98:5 .>? ) “\ Eq: ( f % ( :?% > ie R ” :º H 0 2 :>. v2 .(>/ mF “.
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% Essential Parts of Fasting: Fasting has two essential parts: 1. Refraining from the forbidden things from dawn till sunset. As mentioned in Allah’s words: “Eat & drink until the white thread (of morning) becomes distinguishable from the black thread (of night) at dawn time. Then complete the fast until the night.” The white and black threads means the whiteness of day and the darkness of night. 2. Intention: As mentioned in Allah’s words: “They were instructed only to worship Allah being sincere to Him in the religion.” And the saying of the Prophet: “Surely the deeds are dependent on intention. For every person, the reward will be according to his intention.” Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
2 9#
Thread
>Á
The moon of the first night of a lunar month
Whiteness
k ><
Reliable
Blackness
&
Completion
He intended
Quranic Arabic Program
It is covered by clouds
262
Explanation You do it with your own will
Word
54H
2a :/
By what
Z <
2 "e
It proves
?wE
Observation
E 1
ZR
Level 03
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting :E / O a I < y> .ZG > + m >4 a * / ´a < Za ) / 61 + A O 3 E ¬ 61 + A O 3 E \ / R : Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 & 1” : * La q .% < K q><~ \/ 1 " lL ªX > <¶ ¶?d& (< gE Ùe + > (>/ O3E 9 , ? Ö 1 ( q ª( % lL : < .p ª(E R > < Z> ¶4 F D ?A \ .( A ~Z> "} A D ?A \ : .E:" # 2 [ , 1 '
*R ºe $ 1b / .Z) P1 ? X 1 “.1 4{ :./ pE [ X Ee N .>4/ + 4 \ ZN:[ p< L .\ % \ ?%z Z 3. :3)£ ºe O N Q Z. 1 @q . >?% A K 1 ” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 (./ 0 ,-1 ,/ ME:[ , . >p R . N PQ R) % (' a p >% @ R .3"# Ö 2 .:"%[ ,} ). < X 1 “. E [ .3"# \/ ªZ dE [ ,? \/ ªx >)E [ Z } . \/ :898 \/ Z 0 2 . .¶>p) +E \/ " 4E Z>/ 4 FE ªX Fb IE i ¶. h% ¶- a E a 3/ a a>% ? É a >b \ :+ R >4E i \EQ Ö 3 J E:% ( R >4E \ EQ ” : E "./ 0 ,-1 ?/ \ < K"& (a $ 4/ \/ P1 ? X 1 " (2:184 ? ) “.f a p ) % + J E:% ( R >4E \ EQ ” :º H “. ¶.>p) +a E p " 4> E >4)E i R >% ?p R "# o ?p É >! ,N ªac )."< % ) >” : a ?/ \ < 2 * “.f a p ) % + Fasting is Mandatory upon Whom? Fasting in Ramadan is mandatory on each person who is Muslim, mature, sane, capable of fasting and residing (i.e. not traveling). It is not mandatory for the following: 1. It is not mandatory on a child. He will be instructed only as a preferred deed in order to develop its habit. As mentioned about Rubai’ Bint Mu’awwiz, she said: Allah’s Prophet send a message on the morning of 10 Muharram to the towns of Ansaar who were living in suburbs of Madina: Whoever started his morning by fasting should complete the fast. And whoever started his morning by not fasting should complete the remaining day. After that we used to fast on that day and we also used to ask our little children to fast. We used to go to the Mosque and used to make balls of wool for them to play. When anyone of them wept for food, we used to give it to them until the fastbreaking time reached.” Bukhari & Muslim narrated it. 2. Insane person is not responsible because his intellect is gone which is charged for responsibility. In the Hadith of A’li that Allah’s Prophet said: “The pen (for recording the deeds) is raised from three type of people: The one who is sleeping until he awakes; the child until he becomes mature; and the insane until he becomes sane. 3. Those who are unable to fast like an old man or an old woman or a patient who does not expect healing. They do not fast and instead of fasting for day, it is their responsibility to feed a poor person every day. As in Allah’s saying: “Those who are unable to fast should pay a ransom of feeding a poor.” As narrated by Bukhari on behalf o A’ta that he heard Ibn A’bbas reciting the verse: “Those who are unable to fast should pay a ransom of feeding a poor.” Then Ibn A’bbas said: “It is not abrogated. It is for an old man and woman who are unable to fast. Both of them should feed a poor instead of fasting every day.
Explanation
Word
R .
One charged with Responsibility to perform deeds
>p
Explanation
Explanation
Word
We instruct to fast
+ q
Sexually mature
Play, game
?%z
Having a sound mind
a * /
\ %
One capable of
m >4
So that they accustom to
>
He becomes sexually mature
Z dE
Cotton
An old lady
a 3/
Having unsound mind, opposite of * /
Long-lived
¶. h%
R .3"# a p
Responsible One who lost something
Quranic Arabic Program
Word
263
R) %
Morning 10th day of Muharram
´a <
R : $ 1b / Level 03
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting c R +a E \% J : a F & / % 6E \% ” :º H ( N 4 , 2 : < +a E + >A P $ 6 ">/ 4F , " È qc1 E£ )"# Ö 4 (2:185 ? ) “ ) % # Z% pR < : EE i ) % ># Z% pR < ( : EE .$= 6 ">/ H 4 " E%: " ) F / K -"# R d# c Le :K % " # d# Z p[ Ö 5 0 ,-1 R !} / * .a % R , " >6 E 61 \ Fq. >% d # + E 4R FE < ª$ )F. } d# / + + dE :$ )F ~. } d# Z p[ Ö 6 (>/ mF “.9 $ 6 < g i + $ 6 < g. Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2 &1 : / / >d .R ” : ./ 4. Traveler and patient: The responsibility is reduced for both of them to no fast. It is essential for both of them to fast at some other time as an exchange for what they did not fast. As in Allah’s words: “Whoever is a patient or at travel, he should complete the number in other days. Allah wants to create ease for you. He does not want to create difficulties for you.” 5. Directives about a Pregnant Woman and a Suckling Mother: When a pregnant woman or a suckling mother fear about themselves or their child, they should not fast. Fasting at some other time is their responsibility. 6. Menstruating Women and those having Bleeding after Giving Birth of a Child: Fasting is forbidden for the women menstruating or having bleeding after birth of their child. They should not fast in Ramadan during the days of menstruation and childbed and perform it in other days in a clean state. Ayesha said: “We used to menstruate during the Prophet’s time. We were instructed to perform fasting in other days but we were not instructed to perform prayer in other days.”
+ ; 94? N , ) \” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. (./ 0 ,-1 EN ¦ M E:d (>/ $U 6* i D G >dA ( ,& . : ¶:"/ % ! R ' v1 / "» X 1 “.X & 0 = ( " " ( A ~Z> b R ZG } A .$ 6* (>/ y> $= , ( / 1 L \% ” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. (./ 0 ,-1 EN ¦ ME:d (>/ $U 6* 9 $= ,% (? \ : :%"/ $= ,% v2 .$ " 1"I 2 * (< .(ddA Z ¹ ,.4*1 : ?[ \< (I \< PQ < :"%[ X 1 “. > ¶:" / $= & \ The Acts which void Fasting 1. Eating or drinking Intentionally: Regarding the one who (eats & drinks) forgetfully, his fasting is correct and performing at other time is not essential for him. As mentioned in the Hadith of Abu Hurairah that the Prophet said: “Whoever forgot that he is fasting and ate or drink, he should complete his fast because Allah has fed and watered him.” 2. Barfing Intentionally: Regarding the one who was unable to control the vomit, fasting in other days is not mandatory on him according to the Hadith of Abu Hurairah that the Prophet said: “The person who was unable to control the vomit and it passed, there is no Qada on him. And the one who barfed intentionally, he should perform the Qada.” Explanation Deliberately Forgetful
Word
¶:"/ ,& .
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Suckling mother
K % " #
A relaxation is given
È qc1
Menstruating woman
} d#
Performing a deed after its required time
$ 6
It passed to him
( / 1 L
Women having bleeding after giving birth to a child
$ )F ~.
Ease
) % >#
Vomit
$= ,
They will perform after the required time (Ramadan)
>6 E
Hardship
) % #
a % R
Pregnant
d#
He vomited deliberately
$= &
Quranic Arabic Program
Period of purity between two menstruating cycles
264
Level 03
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting 3. Menstruation & Childbed: Even if it is at the last moment before sunset. This is what upon which the scholars agreed. 4. Ejaculation of Semen due to kissing the wife or touching her with bare skin or due to some other reason. Wet dream voids fasting. 5. The Act which voids fasting and Qaza and Ransom is mandatory. It is only sexual intercourse. There is a Hadith of Abu Huraira, he said: A man came to the Prophet. He said: “O Allah’s Prophet! I became destroyed.” He asked: “What destroyed you?” He said: “I did sexual intercourse with my wife during Ramadan.” He asked: “Do you have a slave to manumit?” He said: “No.” He asked: “Are you able to fast for two consecutive months?” He said: “No.” He asked: “Do you have food to feed 60 poor people?” He said: “No.” He (Abu Hurairah) said: Then he sat down. A basket of dates was brought to the Prophet. He said (to the person): “Give it as a charity (as a ransom of your fast-breaking).” He said: “Is there anyone poorer than me? During these two volcanic fields (of Madina), there is no family needier than us.” The Prophet laughed and his molar teeth appeared. He said: “Go and feed your family with it.” The group (of Hadith compilers) reported it. In the narration of Ibn Maja & Abu Dawood is: “And fast for one day in its place.” According to the majority of scholars, the ransom will be according to the sequence mentioned in the Hadith.
Explanation
Word
Poorer, the poorest
Explanation
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Word
Explanation
Word
Bleeding after giving birth to a child
F.
Moment, minute
| d
V [
One that nullifies
:a ) F p# N
I am destroyed Continuous, following one after another
\ >% < Y a /
Basket
Quranic Arabic Program
“¬lp N ” :2 * “!0 2&1 E p# N ” :2
+ 9[
More needy
QR I
,?. ºe J I1 $U I :2 * (./ 0 ,-1 EN ¦ ME:[ (> Z& (>/ 0 A
Menstruation
Wet dream
Molar teeth
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b ?
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Touching skin-to-skin
Its two volcanic fields (surrounding Madina)
It appear
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Semen Sexual intercourse Kissing
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Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting Z} Od)E Z) P1 ? X 1
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4 FE Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2R &1 ” :2 * (./ 0 ,-1 y ME:d .$a "# :% 3 E Z% # ªa; " H :3E Z # ªa; ?1 / 4 FE Ö 4 ( .)[ PQ ª(ddA Z ¹ < X 1 “.$ \ % ; )[ )[ ; G >% " H \pH Z ª; G >% " ; G ? 1 \pH Z # ; ? 1 / ,j E ?* Y % U< " |R O N L ” :2 * 4 Le Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. : "./ 0 ,-1 "/ \< ME:d .+ > $ .8 , ª 4F :./ $= /: Ö 5 ., >? Z ¹ < (Ic “.0 $ b e I' ?8 What is Preferable for the Fasting Person? 1. Having meal at dawn: As arrived on behalf of Anas that the Prophet said: “Have a meal at dawn, because there is blessing in that meal.” 2. Delay in taking the dawn meal: As mentioned in the Hadith of Zaid Ibn Thabit that he said: We took the meal with the Allah’s Prophet, then we stood up for the prayer.” I asked: “How long was the duration between these two?” He replied: “(Equal to the time of reciting) 50 verses.” 3. Taking the fast-breaking meal early: As mentioned in the Hadith of Sahl Ibn Sa’ad that the Prophet said: “People will remain on good till the time they take the fast-breaking meal early.” 4. Fast-Breaking with fresh dates: If he does not find then take dried dates. If he does not find it, then by water. As mentioned in the Hadith of Anas, he said: “Allah’s Prophet used to break his fast before the prayer by eating fresh dates. If fresh dates were not available, the he used to take small dried dates. If they were also not available, he used to refresh his senses by water.” 5. Praying at the time of fast-breaking, and also during the fast as well. As mentioned in the Hadith of Ibn U’mar: At the time of fast-breaking, the Prophet used to say: “Thirst has gone, veins have become wet and reward has been established, if Allah wills.”
2 ªe are used to create emphasis. Both of them are combined to express great emphasis e.g. : G [ Z% pR e e (Surely, your God is only & only One), ; ?p .% # >% ? ; >?# \ N % e (Surely & definitely the weakest of homes is that of a spider) o " d # ; % ; A % 'U p e (Definitely,
Rule of the Day! The words
the worst of sounds is that of a donkey) etc.
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
Explanation
Word
; )[
Fresh dates
; a ?1
Last meal before dawn to start fasting
1d~)
Thirst
"|R
Dried dates
; a " H
Eat the last meal before dawn
d) H
It became wet
% U<
Small dried dates
; G >% " H
Y
He drank, he felt
)[
Drinking
Veins
Quranic Arabic Program
266
Expediting
R >3H
Breaking of fast
1R4FR Level 03
Lesson 15B: The Law of Zakat & Fasting +A +E L” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A 0 2&1 (./ 0 ,-1 EN ¦ ME:¹ “.Z} A °e Z} A °e” :2 E (>/ I :G [ ( < & e Ö 6 Z) P1 ? X 1 “.Z G } A ,qe # R ># (H * % :G [ (< & # ªO % E i QE MR% E 9 Z:[ PQ < :"[% X 1
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1 : 61 \ c ! , ? , Ii Ö 9 .1 h # " # :b ( N x E% > >[% c Z } I \ È R .% E i ( o ªX I R w ( "} A 4 \” :2 * Z& (>/ 0 A ,?. \/ ,.» : c \< :E ME:d :f"} >% 4 FH Ö 10 ?[ \< (ddA :µ ª(I \< (Ic ªD>dA \)[ ME:[ 2 * PQ X 1 “. >b 6. If someone abuses him or treats him in an arrogant manner, he should say: “I am fasting, I’m fasting.” (i.e. I can’t fight with you). As mentioned in the Hadith of Abu Hurairah that Allah’s Prophet said: “When anyone of you is fasting, he should neither be obscene nor yell angrily. If anyone abuses him or fights with him, he should say that I am fasting.” 7. Brushing teeth as mentioned in the Hadith of A’mir Ibn Rabi’ah that he said: “I saw Allah’s prophet brushing his teeth (with a fresh branch of tree) countless times while he was fasting.” 8. Generosity and Studying the Quran: Both of them are preferred all the times but in Ramadan more. Bukhari reported on behalf of Ibn A’bbas, he said: “Allah’s Prophet was the most generous among people. He used to be more generous during Ramadan when used used to meet Gabriel. He used to meet him every night during Ramadan, to study the Quran. So Allah’s Prophet was faster for good things than the blowing wind.” 9. Hard word for worship during last ten days of Ramadan: Bukhari & Muslim reported on behalf of A’yesha that when the Prophet entered into the last ten days, he used to give life to the night, and used to arouse his family and used to fasten the veil (in the Mosque for concentration). 10. Providing food to the fasting people for fast-breaking: As mentioned in the Hadith of Zaid Ibn Khalid Al-Juhani that the Prophet said: “Whoever provides food to a fasting person, he will get a reward equivalent to him without any decrease in the reward of the fasting person.
Explanation
Word
x E%
He woke up
:b
He tightened Veil (in the Mosque for concentrating in worship) Arranging food for fastbreaking for others
1 h # " # >% 4 FH
He arranged food for fastbreaking
Quranic Arabic Program
4
Explanation
Word
I
The most generous
1 :E
He studies
Explanation Cleaning teeth (usually with a stick)
,[% R W ) E
& "#
He clean his teeth
Doing effort
Ii
Generosity to give money
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I count
Blowing
He gave life to
Word
Studying
3# R & 1 : Level 03
What’s Next? In Level 3, you have learnt further Arabic at Intermediate Level. Now you can understand the most part of the Quran, Hadith and Islamic literature. At next level, you will continue learning Intermediate Arabic. At the end of Level 4, you will be able to fluently read the Arabic books, Insha Allah. That will be the last level for Intermediate Arabic. You will study advanced concepts of B Z/ at Level 4. Some highlights are as follows: • The Groups of (>
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• Arabic Sentences containing Verbs >
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• Different Types of Abnormal (Deceased) Verbs & Derived Nouns • Some Advanced Concepts of
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In addition to that, you will also see more advanced passages from the Quran, the Hadith, the Quranic Exegesis, the Hadith Commentary, the Islamic Jurisprudence, Arabic Literature and writings of ancient scholars. Your vocabulary will be developed up to the extent that you will be able to read any Arabic book related to Islam without frequently consulting to a dictionary. So continue Level 4 for completing the Intermediate Arabic.
Worth Reading Personality Development Program. A series of articles at http://www.mubashirnazir.org/PD/Personalityenglish.htm
Quranic Arabic Program
268
Level 03
Bibliography Following sources are consulted during preparation of this book:
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269
Level 03
Other Writings of the Author (Available at www.mubashirnazir.org)
Quranic Arabic Program
270
Level 03
Other Writings of the Author (Available at www.mubashirnazir.org)
Quranic Arabic Program
271
Level 03
Other Writings of the Author (Available at www.mubashirnazir.org)
Quranic Arabic Program
272
Level 03