Discovery of Cloud-RAN Hao Guan, Guan, Troels Troels Koldin Kolding, g, Peter Peter Merz Merz Nokia Siemens Networks April 23rd / 2010
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Cloud-RAN Workshop 2010.04.23
Outline
Trends & Challenges
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Cloud RAN & Benefit
Cloud-RAN Workshop 2010.04.23
Summary
Traffic Trends & Challenges “Traffic explodes and is non-homogeneous” • Mobile Internet Traffic is exploding • Traffic distribution depends heavily on terminal profile: – Laptop => residential areas – Smartphones => urban areas
Mobile Internet Traffic [ExaByte/year]
25 20
Mobile Handheld Mobile Laptop
15 10 5
• 15~20% of the sites carry ~50% of the
0
total traffic
• Data traffic is more Flat over 24h than
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) for the Distribution of Traffic over ~10k NB 100
Voice
90 80
coverage driven
capacity driven
• Operators need to further denisfy the
macro layer but face the challenge of getting new sites and/or upgarding existing sites
70 ) % ( e r a h S c i f f a r T
60 50
Approximation: Measurement Exponential Distribution Tc = (1 – ln (Nc)) Nc
40 30
In most networks ~15-20% of cells carry 50% of traffic
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• Small(er) cells needed to cope with mobile broadband in dense areas
10 0 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Percentile of NB Note: Based on measured operator network traffic
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2015
Cloud-RAN /2010.04.23
90
100
Site Trends & Challenges “Site is a lot more boxes than just the BTS” • Legacy site
Wide area sites
– GSM900 site grid opt. for voice opt. – Reusing site, outlook unchanged • Trend – Multi-Standard upgrades => ”Single
Majority of sites today
Share of sites growing •100-300 m •1-5 W output power
RAN” – Refarming
Local area
– SON-features • Site cost – BS minor part of a typical new macro site!
> 300 m > 5 W output power
Medium area sites
Special cases •10-100 m < 500 mW
Transmission wireline, fiber, mwr
Antenna system incl. feeders + MHAs
– Construction works, Power • Breakdown of BTS site OPEX vary a lot depending on the market type: – In mature markets: rental and backhaul – In developing/emerging markets (e.g. India): Power consumption
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Cloud-RAN /2010.04.23
Cabinet or shelter optional
BTS
Power system w/ batteries
Antenna/BTS supporting stucture tower/pole
Outline
Trends & Challenges
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
Cloud RAN & Benefit
Cloud-RAN Workshop 2010.04.23
Summary
Cloud-RAN “Legacy Systems needs to be taken into account” • How to support legacy systems? – 2G(GSM), 3G(TDSCDMA) – Variety of site internal interfaces e.g. Ir
• Backhaul vs. Fronthaul?
Dedicated “dark” fiber or evolved FTTx bundled solution. Ring topology or point to point
S I TE / R R H 4
– How to take advantage of dark fiber – IQ vs. IP requirements e.g. Latency, Throughput, Synchronization, … – Smart antenna requirements
BTS Cloud, single- or multi-RAN. Multi-cell resource optimization
(DE)MUX
SITE/RRH 1
• What’s right scenario? – Outdoor or Indoor – Site sharing • Power consumption – PA: 60%~70%
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Cloud-RAN /2010.04.23
SITE/ RRH 3
Single- or multi-RAN/RRH.
SITE/RRH 2
Cloud-RAN CAPEX/OPEX Savings "TCO saving potential but many screws to tune" CAPEX (40% of TCO)
Assume 25% cost reduction via C-RAN since battery backup and RRU is needed at each macro site Assume 25% cost reduction via C-RAN due to load sharing also considering processing needs for radio-over-fiber. Assume that cost of fiber front-haul is the same as fiber backhaul cost and copper is not used. For some operators/markets this provides negative C-RAN business case.
C-RAN offers 2-5% CAPEX saving
OPEX (60% of TCO)
Assume negligible saving over integrated multi-radio BTS solution requiring power backup. Increased fiber capacity need (and potentially cost) for C-RAN is not considered which may be essential in some markets. Assume 25% reduction of electricity cost (60% of power comes from PA, battery cooling also remains at site). Assume 50% reduction of O&M costs assuming RRU is robust and upgrades to RF parts (multi-band, multi-radio) are very small compared to BBU.
Calculations depend very much on assumptions and legacy installations. Additional C-RAN savings via multi-operator site sharing not considered. 8
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Cloud-RAN Presentation/2010.04.23 / Author / Date
C-RAN offer an OPEX saving up to 10-20%.
Cloud-RAN Capacity Improvements "Approaching Shannon limit, major breakthroughs unlikely" C-RAN offers opportunity to reduce X2 delay to allow real-time ICIC and CoMP Real-time ICIC (centralized processing) • Multi-cell RRM gain: ~10-30%
Realtime CoMP (centralized processing) • Joint processing gain: ~10-15% • Possible in LTE 3GPP Release 11/12
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Cloud-RAN /2010.04.23
Outline
Trends & Challenges
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© Nokia Siemens Networks
Cloud RAN & Benefit
Cloud-RAN Workshop 2010.04.23
Summary
Working together for a net positive impact to the industry and environment
Design
Suppliers
Lifecycle Own Recycling operations
Over 90% of Flexi BTS recyclable
Reducing power consumption by up to 70%
Use of renewable energy sources
ICT can help to save nearly €600 billion in 2020, i.e. 7.8 billion tons CO2 Source: GeSI
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Cloud-RAN /2010.04.23
and more
Summary There are plenty of challenges and opportunities which need to be assessed taking specific operator and deployment constraints into account. Cloud-RAN is a good new fresh idea which needs further study! Compact FlexiBTS already enables plenty of deployment options Stacked on floor or shelf
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Separated radio units
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On wall or pole
Cloud-RAN /2010.04.23
Hidden sites
BTS or 19” cabinets
At base of mast or tower
On top of mast or tower
Thank you
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Radio Systems
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Cloud-RAN /2010.04.23