Strong Verb I-Guttural Verbs
I- Verbs
I- Verbs
II-Guttural Verbs
II- / II- Verbs (Hollow verbs)
III-Guttural Verbs
III- Verbs
I- Verbs
I- Verbs
Double Ayin Verbs (Geminates)
III- Verbs
II-waw & III-aleph
Yiqtol Preformative Vowels Pronominal Suffixes Volatilisation Definite Article & Attached
-Preposition
Inseparable Prepositions Prepositions & -conjunction
Strong Verb Qal 3ms 3fs ) t c e f r e P ( l a t a Q
2ms 2fs 1cs 3cp 2mp 2fp 1cp 3ms 3fs
)
2ms
Niphal
Piel
Pual
Hithpael
Hiphil
Hophal
Stative Qal
I-Guttural Verbs Qal 3ms 3fs 2ms l a t a Q
2fs 1cs 3cp 2mp 2fp
Niphal
Hiphil
Hophal
II- Verbs B2
The 1st column represents the 5 "proper" I- verbs: , , , , . All other verbs are like 2nd column, very similar to I-guttural verbs.
For comparison: I-Guttural Qal
Qal 3ms
3ms
3fs
3fs
2ms
2ms
2fs
l a t a 1cs Q
3cp
l a t a Q
2fs 1cs 3cp
II- Verbs B3
Qal (1) 3ms 3fs 2ms l a t a Q
2fs 1cs 3cp 2mp 2fp 1cp
Qal (2)
Qal (irreg)
Niphal
Hiphil
Hophal
II- Verbs B4
Group (1):
,
,
,
,
,
, [
],�
(!)
II- Verbs B5
Group (2):
,
Group (3):
,
3fs 2ms l a t a Q
2fs 1cs 3cp 2mp 2fp
Qal Yiqtol
→
Qal (1) 3ms
,
Qal (2)
[some regular in Qal Impv & Inf Cstr]
,
; Group (4): ? like I-Nun verbs
Niphal
Hiphil
,
,
Qal
Hophal 3ms 3fs 2ms l a t a Q
2fs 1cs 3cp 2mp 2fp
,
,
Hiphil
II-Guttural Verbs Qal 3ms
Niphal
Piel
Pual
Hithpael
�
�
�
�
�
�
3fs 2ms l a t a Q
2fs 1cs 3cp 2mp 2fp 1cp 3ms
IIII- / II- Verbs (Hollow verbs) B7
Qal ( )
Qal ( )
Qal ( )
Niphal
3ms 3fs
2ms 2fs l a t a Q
1cs
3cp
2fp 1cp 3ms
2mp
Hiphil
Hophal
Double Ayin Verbs (Geminates) Verbs with II = III, Group (1): transitive verbs, Group (2): intransitive verbs Qal (1)
Qal (2)
Niphal
Hiphil
Hophal
3ms 3fs 2ms 2fs
l a t a 1cs Q
3cp 2mp 2fp 1cp
III-Guttural Verbs All verbs with , or in III-position. III-position. Qal 3ms 3fs 2ms l a t a Q
2fs 1cs 3cp 2mp 2fp 1cp
Niphal
Piel
Pual
Hithpael
Hiphil
Hophal
IIIIII- Verbs B01
Qal 3ms 3fs 2ms l a t a Q
2fs 1cs 3cp 2mp 2fp 1cp 3ms 3fs
Stat. Qal
Niphal
Piel
Pual
Hithpael
Hiphil
Hophal
IIIIII- Verbs B1
Qal 3ms 3fs 2ms l a t a Q
2fs 1cs 3cp 2mp
Niphal
Piel
Pual
Hithpael
Hiphil
Hophal
Doubly weak II-waw & III-aleph III-aleph 3ms 3fs 2ms l
2fs
Qal II-waw
both
Summary Verb Characteristics Yiqtol Preformative Vowels (without suffix, no jussives/wayyiqtols) jussives/wayyiqtols)
ḥîreq
Qal
Niphal (dagesh in I)
ṣērê
Hithpael (preformative
◌)
seḡôl
ṣērê--yôḏ ṣērê
I-Waw/Yod II-Waw ( ) Geminates
I-Guttural IGuttural
I-Waw/Yod
I-Guttural IGuttural [(ḥḥ ā te [( -)seg ̣ p̄ -) seḡô l under I; Rule of Sheva]
I-Yod
Qal
Niphal
Qal
Qal
Hiphil
lengthened combined lengthened
ḥîreq--yôḏ ḥîreq
e
š wāʾ
Piel
Pual
IPSP
Qatal inflection suffixes
Pronominal Suffixes singular nouns, Infinitive construct
particles, most prepositions
�
�
plural nouns
Some prepositions: , , , ,
all verbs (vowel ending)
Qatal (consonant ending)
Yiqtol/Impv (consonant ending)
�
�
,
1cs 2ms 2fs 3ms
-
/
/
�
�
/
/
/
� / /
/
3fs 1cp 2mp 2fp 3mp
�
/
/
Yiqtol/Impv (cons. end.) variant
Pronominal Suffixes on Certain Prepositions/Particles Pronominal
B41
B51
mainly
B61
less frequent
,
3ms
,
3fs 2ms 2fs 1cs 3mp
�
(pause)
(poet, pause),
,
mainly
B71
less frequent
2fp
B81
(DDO marker)
mainly
�
�
�
,
,
––
3fp 2mp
(“with”)
,
less frequent
Volatilisation Volatilisation B91
volatilisation of of open syllables [(2) only if (1) does not volatilise] nouns: plural & pronominal suffix; adjectives; non-finite verbs (Inf/Ptcpl) nouns: construct all finite verbs: inflection suffixes
(1) propretonic: ā /ē (2) pretonic: ē everywhere: ā /ē (1) pretonic: any (2) propretonic: any
Qatal verbs: pronominal suffixes Yiqtol/Imperative Yiqtol/Imperative verbs: pronominal suffixes All
(1) propretonic: any (2) pretonic: any pretonic: ō /ē
other [all preceding ā /ē will will also volatilise] [propretonic ē does not volatilise in 1st syllable] shortening of long vowels in closed syllables
theme vowel: a → ā , if now open & unaccented (even if previously volatilised) theme vowel: a/ā → ā , [Qal with 2ms suffix: theme vowel: ō → o] shortening of closed, long syllables that have lost accent
Definite Article & Attached Definite
B02
-Preposition
Definite Article & Attached Definite
B02
Article Default
◌
Before:
or
Before:
or
Before:
or
or unaccented
-preposition
default
“Doubled by implication” (“Virtual doubling”)
“Compensatory lengthening”
“Compensatory lengthening” As above:
or unaccented
Before: definite article
rejects dagesh forte forte —
default
◌
“Doubled by implication” (“Virtual doubling”)
“Irregular seghol”
Before:
-Preposition
+
→
—
Inseparable Prepositions & -conjunction
before
or
before
:
:
rejects dagesh forte not attached
Inseparable Prepositions & -conjunction Inseparable
B12
Inseparable Prepositions
-conjunction
default
Default
default
Before: tone-syllable Before: labials (
, ,
default
)
e.g.
+ +
e.g.
+ +
Before: Before: compound vocal sheva Before: Before: definite article
(“bumpe”-rule)
“Rule of sheva”
Before: simple vocal sheva →
“Rule of sheva”
“Rule of sheva”
+ combining with
+ combining with
→
Sheva vowel taken
→
Seghol taken + quiescent + compensatory lenghtening
→
dropped, vowel taken
e.g.
+
→
Sheva vowel taken
+
→
Seghol taken + quiescent + compensatory lenghtening default
There are virtually no OT Hebrew words starting with a waw, waw, so virtually every waw at waw at the beginning of a word is the waw-conjunction. waw-conjunction.1 F 0
2015 by Rene Hamburger Version: January 201
