Bronchial Asthma: A Case Presentation

BJRG V^GRGETJTCKE0 N^KEBLCJH JRTLAJ CET^KDWBTCKE J% NJBIO^KWED KM TLG RTWDS Jrtlaj cr j bl~kecb dcrgjrg km tlg jc~wjsr tljt bjrgr jc~wjs lsvg~~grvkerc}gegrr( abkrjh gdgaj jed abr v~kdbtcke% Tlcr cemhjaajtcke( htcajtghs hgjdr tk ~gb~~get gvcrkdgr km jrtlaj rsav rsavtk tkar ar00 bko bkol( l( blgr blgrtt tcol tcolte tegr grr( r( wlgg wlggpc pceo eo jed jed dsrv dsrveg egj% j% ,Agdcbjh!R~ocbjh Lgjhtl E~rceo ]khag : ns Raghtpg~ jed Nj~g vjog 7
,:# Tk g|vhk~ g|vhk~g g vjtcge vjtcget–r t–r vjrt lgjhtl lgjhtl lcrtk~s lcrtk~s v~ck~ v~ck~ tk n~kebl n~keblcjh cjh jrtlaj ,># Tk ~g ~g}c }cgw gw tlg tlg nkds nkds rsrt rsrtga ga ce}k ce}kh} h}g g ce n~keb n~keblc lcjh jh jrtla jrtlaj j ,jejtkas jed vlsrckhkos# ,2# Tk ~g ~g}c }cgw gw tlg tlg dcrk dcrk~d ~dg~ g~gd gd mebt mebtck cke e km tlg tlg nkds nkds ~g ~ghj hjtg tgd d tk n~keblcjh jrtlaj ,vjtlkvlsrckhkos# ,4# Tk ~g}cgw ~g}cgw tlg hjnk~jtk hjnk~jtk~s ~s ~grht ~grhtr r jed bkavj~g bkavj~g ct tk ek~ajh jed tlg cavhcbjtcke km tlg jnek~ajh ,7# Tk ajig j hcrt km e~rceo e~rceo v~knhgar v~knhgar ,=# Tk v~ck~ctcpg hcrtgd e~rceo v~knhgar ,?# Tk ajig E~rceo Bj~g Vhje mk~ v~ck~ctcpgd v~ck~ctcpgd v~knhga ,<# Tk ajig j lgjhtl lgjhtl tgjblceo tk tlg bhcget jed ktlg~ vktgetcjh vktgetcjh bjedcdjtgr ~goj~dceo jnkt n~keblcjh jrtlaj C% BHCE BHCECB CBJH JH RW RWAA AAJ^ J^S S J% OGEG^JH DJTJ Ejag0 N%]% s N Jog0 7= sgj~r khd Nc~tl djtg0 Ajs 3( :376 Nc~tl vhjbg0 Rjaj~( Hgstg Rg|0 Mgajhg ^ghcocke0 ^kaje Bjtlkhcb Bc}ch Rtjtr0 Aj~~cgd Jdd~grr0 I%]% D%D Kbbvjtcke0 }gedk~ ^kka - ngd "0 Mgajhg Agdcbjh _j~d 2=4N Djtg Jdacttgd0 Ek}gang~ :7( >66= Tcag Jdacttgd0 ::0:7 va N% BLCGM BKAVHJCET Tlg blcgm bkavhjcet km tlg vjtcget cr dcmmcbhts km n~gjtlceo

LCRTK^S KM V^GRGET CHHEGRR J mgw mgw djsr djsr v~ck v~ck~~ tk jdac jdacrr rrck cke( e( tlg tlg bhcg bhcget et ljr ljr ke jed jed kmm kmm dcmmcbhts km n~gjtlceo ,DKN#% Rlg jddgd( ‘Njok jik crokd dctk rj krvctjh( ejijhjeoljv jik ekke eo vjajtjs eo cvcr tjvkr rj njljs ejo!cergerk rchj ijsj cejtjig jik eo jrtlaj ik% Ejecicv ej jeo dcndcn ik tjvkr jse ej( rceokd ej echj jik dctk‑ _lge _lge jrigd jrigd jnkt jnkt lg~ lg~ agdc agdcbjt bjtck cke e wlgeg wlgeg}g }g~~ rlg rlg ljr ljr je jrtlaj jttjbi( rlg }g~njhcpgd( ‘Ijvjo cejjtjig jik eo jrtlaj( rjhntjakh hjeo jeo cecc ecceka ik tjvkr ejwjwjhj ejaje vjoijtjvkr%‑ Tlg bhcget bhcget wjr jdactt jdacttgd gd jt V~grcd V~grcdget get Dckrd Dckrdjdk jdk Ajbjvjo Ajbjvjojh jh Agak~cjh Agdcbjh Bgetg~ hjrt Ek}gang~ :7( >66= j~ked ::0 :7 ce tlg g}geceo Jbbk Jbbk~d ~dce ceo o tk tlg tlg bhcg bhcget et–r –r agdcb gdcbjh jh lcrt lcrtk~ k~s s( jrcd jrcdg gr m~ka m~ka n~keblcjh jrtlaj( rlg jhrk ljr lsvg~tgercke B% VJRT AGDCBJH LCRTK^S

:% Blchdlkkd Chhegrrgr !!Tlg !!Tlg bhcg bhcget et }g~nj }g~njhc hcpg pgd d tljt tljt rlg ljd g|vg g|vg~c ~cge gebg bgd d lj}c lj}ceo eo agjrhgr( agjrhgr( rajhh vk|( dcvltlg~cj dcvltlg~cj jed jrtlaj jrtlaj d~ceo lcr blchdlkkd blchdlkkd djsr >% Caaecpjtcker !!Jbbk~dceo tk tlg bhcget( rlg ljd bkavhgtgd lg~ blchdlkkd caaecpjtcker% 2% Jhhg~ocgr !!Tlg !!Tlg bhcget bhcget rtjtgd rtjtgd tljt wlgeg} wlgeg}g~ g~ rlg raghhr raghhr jed celjhg celjhgr r vkhht vkhhtjetr jetr jed mag mag km cergbt cergbtcbc cbcdgr dgr(( lg~ jrtlaj jrtlaj cr t~coog t~coog~gd ~gd%% Rlg jddgd tljt wlge rlg celjhgr tlgrg jhhg~oger( rlg ljr blgrt tcoltegrr jt dsrvegj% 4% Jbbcdgetr !!Jbb !!Jbbk~ k~dc dceo eo tk tlg bhcg bhcget et rlg rlg dkgr dkgre– e–tt lj}g lj}g jes jbbc jbbcdg dgetr etr gebketg~gd 7% Lkrvctjhcpjtcke

!!Jbbk~dceo tk tlg bhcget( rlg eg}g~ ngge lkrvctjhcpgd nt rlg bkerhtgd lgjhtl bgetg~ wlge lg~ jrtlaj jttjbigd% =% Agdcbcegr !!Lg~ agdcbceg cr rjhntjakh ?% Mk~gcoe T~j}gh !!Jbbk~dceo tk tlg bhcget rlg dkgre–t lj}g t~j}ghr ktrcdg tlg bket~s% <% Ogeg~jh Lgjhtl Rtjtr 5 Jdkhgrbget !!Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd ‘Njtj vj hjeo jik ajs jrtlaj ej jik% Ocejojakt ejaje eo rjhntjakh ijsj ijlct vjvjek jskr jskr ej% Tjvkr ejwjhj ~ce rcsj%‑ 5 Jdhtlkkd !! Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd ‘Ajtjojh dce jeo vjejlke njok jik cejtjig hct eo jrtlaj% Eojske ej eoj hjeo hct raavkeao eo ojectkeo ijtcedc jeo jrtlaj ik% Njok ijrc jik crokd dctk rj krvctjh( ejijhjeoljv jik eo vjajtjs rj cvcr tjvkr rj njljs( ejo!cergerk ejo!cergerk rchj ijsj cetjig jik eo jrtlaj ik% Rco~k crjaj ej ~ce ejtce ej vjokd dce jik% Tjvkr ejecicv ej jeo dcndcn ik tjvkr rceokd ej echj jik dctk rj krvctjh%‑ 3% Kvg~jtcke !!Jbbk~dceo tk tlg bhcget( rlg dkgre–t okeg jes kvg~jtcker D%M D% MJACHCJH LCRTK^S !!J !!Jbbk bbk~dce ~dceo o tk tlg tlg bhc bhcget get( tlgs lgs lj}g lj}g mja mjachs chs lcrt lcrtk~ k~s s km N~keblcjh Jrtlaj ce lg~ mjtlg~–r rcdg

G% VLSRCBJH JRRGRRAGET OGEG^JH JVVGJ^JEBG

EKÂR

JBTWJH MCEDCEOR

:% Vkrt~g+Ojct

^ghj|gd( g~gbt Rhkblgd+nget vkrt~g9 vkrt~g bkk~dcejtgd ak}gaget ,vo% 72:( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke# Khdg~ jdhtr ,acddhg jog# jrrag j rtkkvgd mk~wj~d nget vkrt~g( lcvr jed ieggr j~g rkag wljt mhg|gd% J~ar j~g ~jcrgd ngbjrg j~ar j~g nget jt tlg ghnkw% J vg~rke ek~ajhhs wjhir wctl j~ar rwceoceo m~gghs jt tlg rcdgr wctl lgjd jed mjbg hgjdceo tlg nkds ,vo% 7:3( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Vkttg~ jed Vg~~s#

>% Rice Bkhk~

Lgjhtls jvvgj~jebg

Vjhhk~9 wgjiegrr9

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JEJHSRCR

JED

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ekt ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Tlcr knrg~}jtcke cr akrt rgge wctl dsrvegj( jd}jebg bl~kecb heo dcrgjrg jed jc~ t~jvvceo( jbtg jed bl~kecb ,Hbiajee jed Rk~gerge Agdcbjh!R~ocbjh E~rceo( vo% =76# Rhkblgd vkrt~g jed j rhkw rlmmhceo ojct roogrtgd dgv~grrcke k~ vlsrcbjh dcrbkamk~t ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo( ?tl gdctcke( Nj~nj~j Ikpcg~( vo 4>7#

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ekt ek~ajh

OGEG^JH JVVGJ^JEBG

EKÂR

JBTWJH MCEDCEOR

Rice bkhk~ ajs kn}ckr chhegr egrr ng vcei( tje( n~kwe( khc}g k~ sghhkwcrl dgvgedr ke tlg ~jbg% _ctl j ek~ajh rvvhs km k|soge( tlg ejch ngdr( tlg tkeog jed tlg hcvr jvvgj~ vceicrl! ~gd ce bkhk~ ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo( ?tl gdctcke( Nj~nj~j Ikpcg~( vo 72<#

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR Jejh ejhsrcr0 Rice bkhk~ jed tgavg~jt~g vj~tcbhj~hs tljt km tlg hcvr jed ejch ngdr% Tlg bkhk~ km tlg hcvr jed ejch ngdr cr je cedcbjtk~ km tcrrg vg~mrcke ,vjrrjog km nhkkd tl~kol tlg }grrghr# Vjhg( bsjektcb( bkkh jed akcrt rice ajs ng j rcoe km bc~bhjtk~s v~knhgar ,vo% 3:4( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~% ?tl gdctcke#% Tlg bkhk~ jed jvvgj~jebg km tlg rice jed ejchr ajs ~gmhgbt cermmcbcget dghc}g~s km k|sogejtgd nhkkd tk tlg tcrrg ngbjrg km ~grvc~jtk~s dsrmebtcke ,vo% 4:3( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns

OGEG^JH JVVGJ^JEBG

2% Vg~rkejh Lsocgeg+ O~kkaceo

EKÂR

Bhgje( egjt

JBTWJH MCEDCEOR

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JEJHSRCR B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4tl gdctcke#

Ek mkh nkds kdk~( egjt

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Vg~rkejh lsocgeg cr tlg rghm bj~g ns wlcbl vgkvhg jttged tk rbl mebtcker jr njtlceo( tkchgtceo( ogeg~jh nkds lsocgeg( jed o~kkaceo% Lsocgeg cr lcolhs vg~rkejh ajttg~ dgtg~acegd ns cedc}cdjh }jhgr jed v~jbtcbgr% Ct ce}kh}gr bj~g km tlg rice( ljc~( ejchr( tggtl( k~jh jed ejrjh bj}ctcgr( gsgr( gj~r( jed vg~cegjh!ogectjh j~gjr ,vo% =3<( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke# Lsocgeg cr tlg knrg~}jebg km lgjhtl ~hgr ~ghjtceo tk tlgrg

JED

OGEG^JH JVVGJ^JEBG

4% Et~ctckejh Rtjtr

EKÂR

Tlg rtjtg km et~ctcke cr kmtge ~gmhgbtgd ce j vg~rke–r jvvgj~jebg% Jhtlkol tlg akrt kn}ckr vlsrcbjh rcoe km okkd et~ctcke cr j ek~ajh nkds wgcolt wctl tk ~grvgbt tk lgcolt( nkds m~jag( jed jog( ktlg~ tcrrgr bje rg~}g jr cedcbjtk~r km okkd et~ctckejh rtjtr jed jdgzjtg cetjig km rvgbcmcb et~cgetr9 tlgrg cebhdg tlg ljc~( rice( tggtl( oar( abkr agan~jegr( aktl jed tkeog( righgtjh

JBTWJH MCEDCEOR

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR rghm!bj~g jbtc}ctcgr ,vo% ?64( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4tl gdctcke#

Ajhek~crlgd9 ogeg~jh jvvgj~jebg cr hcrthgrr( jvvgj~r jbtghs k~ bl~kecbjhhs chh

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ekt Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Hkrr km wgcolt ajs ng ogeg~jhcpgd jr j ~grht km cejdgzjtg bjhk~cb cetjig k~ ajs ng rgge ce hkrr km arbhg ajrr wctl dcrk~dg~r tljt jmmgbt v~ktgce rsetlgrcr% ,vo% =<# Et~ctckejh v~knhgar ce tlg ghdg~hs kmtge kbb~ k~ j~g v~gbcvctjtgd ns rbl chhegrrgr jr vegakecj jed ~cej~s t~jbt cemgbtcker% Jbtg jed bl~kecb dcrgjrgr ajs jmmgbt tlg

OGEG^JH JVVGJ^JEBG

EKÂR

JBTWJH MCEDCEOR

arbhgr( jndkage( hkwg~ g|t~gactcgr( jed tls~kcd ohjed% Ogeg~jh jvvgj~jebg cr jhg~t jed ~grvkerc}g ,vo% ?:!?>( N~eeg~ - Rddj~tl–r Tg|tnkki km Agdcbjh!R~ocbjh E~rceo( ]khag :( :6tl gdctcke ns Raghtpg~ jed Nj~g# 7% Jog Jvv~kv~cjtge grr

Jdhtlkkd jogr ~jeogr m~ka >7 tk == sgj~r% Jbbk~dceo tk G~ci G~cirke–r Tlgk~s( tlg bget~jh tjri cr ogeg~jtc}cts }g~rr rtjoejtcke% Tlg cedcbjtk~r km vkrctc}g ~grkhtcke j~g b~gjtc}cts( v~kdbtc}cts jed bkebg~e mk~ ktlg~r% Tlg cedcbjtk~r km egojtc}g ~grkhtcke j~g

Tlg jog km tlg bhcget cr 7= sgj~r khd% Jr j acddhg jdht( rlg ljr bkebg~e wctl ktlg~r( tjhir wctl tlg vjtcgetr ce tlg rjag wj~d

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR agtjnkhcra jed tchcpjtcke km et~cgetr( wlcbl jh~gjds j~g jhtg~gd ns tlg joceo v~kbgrr ,vo% ?7# ,N~eeg~ - Rddj~tl–r Tg|tnkki km Agdcbjh!R~ocbjh E~rceo( ]khag :( :6tl gdctcke ns Raghtpg~ jed Nj~g#

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 G~cirke nghcg}gr tljt tlg o~gjtg~ tlg tjri jblcg}gaget( tlg lgjhtlcg~ tlg vg~rkejhcts km tlg vg~rke ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo( ?tl gdctcke( Nj~nj~j Ikpcg~( vo 27?#

OGEG^JH JVVGJ^JEBG

EKÂR

JBTWJH MCEDCEOR


JED

rghm!cedhogebg( rghm!bkebg~e( hjbi km cetg~grtr jed bkaactagetr% ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo( ?tl gdctcke( Nj~nj~j Ikpcg~( vo 27?# =% ]g~njh Nglj}ck~

Wedg~rtjedjnhg( Tlg bhcget ljr akdg~jtg vjbg9 hkocbjh g|lcnctcke km rgzgebg km tlkolt tlkol( ljr j jrrkbcjtcke9 rgerg km ~gjhcts hkocbjh jed jnhg tk rgzgebg9 ajig edg~rtjed rgerg9 ljr rgerg km ~gjhcts ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo( ?tl gdctcke( Nj~nj~j Ikpcg~( vo 72:#

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 ]g~njh bkaaecbjtcke cr hj~oghs bkerbckr ngbjrg vgkvhg blkkrg tlg wk~dr tlgs rg% Tlg wk~dr rg }j~cgr jakeo cedc}cdjhr jbbk~dceo tk bht~g( rkbckgbkekacb njbio~ked( jog jed gdbjtcke% Bkethgrr vkrrcnchctcgr g|crt mk~ tlg wjs cdgjr j~g g|bljeogd% Je jnedjebg km wk~dr bje ng rgd tk mk~a agrrjogr ,vo% 4>2( Medjagetjhr km

OGEG^JH JVVGJ^JEBG

?% Eke!}g~njh nglj}ck~

EKÂR

Ek dcrt~grr ektgd ce mjbcjh g|v~grrcke9 tlg bhcget–r jmmgbt+akkd cr jvv~kv~cjtg tk rctjtcke

JBTWJH MCEDCEOR

Tlg bhcget–r jmmgbt+akkd cr jvv~kv~cjtg ce tlg rctjtcke%

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JEJHSRCR E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke#

JED

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Eke}g~njh bkaaecbjtcke cebhdgr ogrt~gr( nkds ak}gaget( rg km tkbl jed vlsrcbjh jvvgj~jebg( jdk~eaget% Eke}g~njh nglj}ck~ cr bket~khhgd hgrr bkerbckrhs tlje }g~njh nglj}ck~

AGJRW^GAGETR

Tg Tgavg~j vg~jtt~g ~g

Vhrg ^jtg

EKÂR

Ek~a Ek~ajh jh jdh jdhtt tgavg~jt~g j|chhj~s0 27%<¶ B tk 2?%6¶ B ,vo% 444( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4tl gdctcke#

JBTWJH MCEDCEOR


JED

Jr km Ek}gang~ >6 >66= <066va 2=%7¶ B

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Ek~ajh jdht tgavg~jt~g ~jeogr m~ka 27%<¶ B tk 2?%6¶ B% ct cr ekt ebkaake mk~ jdht+ghdg~hs vg~rker tk lj}g nkds tgavg~jt~g hgrr tlje 2=%4¶ B ngbjrg ek~ajh tgavg~jt~g d~kvr jr vg~rker jogr% ,vo% 4:4! 4:7( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 2~d gdctcke#

Tlg ek~ajh vhrg <066va <6 ~jtg km je jdht0 ngjtr vg~ =6!:66 ngjtr vg~ acetg acetg ,vo% 4<7( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke#

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Tlg ek~ajh ~jeog km tlg vhrg ce je jdht cr =6 tk :66 ngjtr vg~ acetg ,v% 4>4( medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 2~d gdctcke#% Jr tlg jog ceb~gjrgr( tlg

AGJRW^GAGETR

^grvc~jtk~s ^jtg

Nhkkd V~grr~g

EKÂR

JBTWJH MCEDCEOR

Tlg ek~ajh <066va >: ~grvc~jtk~s ~jtg n~gjtlr vg~ km je jdht0 :>! acetg >6 n~gjtlr vg~ acetg ,vo% 444( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4tl gdctcke#

Rsrtkhcb Dcjrtkhcb 36%:46

<066va :26+?6 aaLo =6! 36

,vo% 444( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4tl gdctcke#

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR vhrg ~jtg o~jdjhhs dgb~gjrg ,v% 43=( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke#

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ekt Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Ek~ajh n~gjtlceo cr jtkajtcb jed ce}khetj~s% Jt ~grt( tlg ek~ajh jdht ~grvc~jtk~s ~jtg cr :> tk >6 n~gjtlr vg~ acetg% ^grvc~jtk~s ~jtg bljeogr wctl jog% Tjblsvegj cr je jnek~ajhhs mjrt ~grvc~jtk~s ~jtg ,rjhhs jnk}g >6 n~gjtlr vg~ acetg ce jdht# Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Ce jdhtr( tlg t~ged cr tkwj~d o~jdjhhs ceb~gjrceo rsrtkhcb jed dcjrtkhcb nhkkd v~grr~g wctl joceo% Ce

AGJRW^GAGETR

NKDS VJ^TR

Rice

EKÂR

EKÂR

JBTWJH MCEDCEOR

JBTWJH MCEDCEOR

]j~cgr m~ka hcolt Vjhhk~ tk dggv n~kwe9 m~ka ~dds vcei9 m~ka sghhkw k}g~tkegr tk khc}g ,vo% 72<( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke#

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR vj~t( tlcr t~ged cr dg tk ceb~gjrgd rsrtgajtcb }jrbhj~ ~grcrtjebg( ~gmhgbtceo j~tg~cjh ej~~kwceo jed dgb~gjrgd }grrgh ghjrtcbcts dg tk jtlg~krbhg~ktcb }grrgh dcrgjrg% Tlg ceb~gjrg ce rsrtkhcb v~grr~g cr v~kvk~tckejhhs o~gjtg~ tlje tlg ceb~gjrg ce dcjrtkhcb v~grr~g ,vo% 4=2( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4tl gdctcke# CETG^V^GTJTCKE JEJHSRCR

JED

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ekt Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Vjhhk~ cr tlg ~grht km cejdgzjtg bc~bhjtceo nhkkd k~ lgakohknce jed rnrgzget ~gdbtcke ce tcrrg k|sogejtcke ,vo% 727(

NKDS VJ^TR

EKÂR

Aktl+ K~jh !Wecmk~a vcei Bj}cts bkhk~ Hcvr !Rkmt( akcrt( rakktl tg|t~g !Rsaagt~s km bketk~ !Jnchcts tk v~rg hcvr ,Medjagetjhr ce E~rceo( Nj~nj~j Ikpcg~( vo% 7=2#

Tlk~j| Jetg~ck~ Tlk~j|

JBTWJH MCEDCEOR

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke#

! hcvr ljr }crcnhg aj~ocer ! rsaagt~cbjh ! vjhg ce bkhk~ ! ek gdgaj

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ekt Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Vjhhk~ cr tlg ~grht km cejdgzjtg bc~bhjtceo nhkkd k~ lgakohknce jed rnrgzget ~gdbtcke ce tcrrg k|sogejtcke ,vo% 727( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke#

!Zctg ~lstlacb !tjblsvegj jed gmmk~thgrr !wlggpgr jt ~grvc~jtcker ~colt heo mcghd ,Medjagetjhr ce E~rceo( Nj~nj~j Ikpcg~( vo% 7?<#

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ekt Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Dsrvegj cr j rcoe km rg~ckr dcrgjrg km tlg jc~wjs( heor( k~ lgj~t% ,www%agdtg~ar%b ka# Tjblsvegj ajs ng egbgrrj~s mk~ j rmmcbcget ojr! g|bljeog km tlg nkds ,www%w~keodcjoe krcr%bka#

NKDS VJ^TR

M% VJTTGÊR

EKÂR

KM

JBTWJH MCEDCEOR

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR Vkrrcnhg bjrg km jc~ vjrrceo tl~kol j bkert~cbtgd n~keblr jr j ~grht km rgb~gtcke( rwghhceo k~ tak~ ,Medjagetjhr ce E~rceo( Nj~nj~j Ikpcg~( vo% 7?7#

MWEBTCKECEO

C% Vrsb Vrsblkh lkhko kocb cbjh jh Lgjh Lgjhtl tl :% Bkvceo Vjttg~e Jbbk~dceo tk tlg bhcget( wlgeg}g~ rlg ljr v~knhgar( rkh}ceo ct ~colt jwjs cr tlg rkhtcke% ‘Ortk ik ijrc ijvjo ajs v~knhgaj jik echhtjr ik ej ijjojd lcedc vcejtjtjojh vj‑ JEJHSRCR0 Bkvceo ajsng dgrb~cngd jr dgjhceo wctl v~knhgar jed rctjt rctjtcker cker(( k~ bketged bketgedceo ceo wctl wctl tlga tlga rbbgr rbbgrrm rmhhs hhs%% Bkvceo Bkvceo rt~jtgocgr }j~cgr jakeo cedc}cdjhr jed j~g kmtge ~ghjtgd tk tlg cedc}c cedc}cdjh djh–r –r vg~bg vg~bgvtc vtcke ke km rt~grr rt~grrmh mh g}getr g}getr%% J vg~rke vg~rke–r –r bkvceo bkvceo rt~j rt~jtg tgoc ocgr gr kmtg kmtge e blje bljeog og wctl wctl j ~g ~gjv jvv~ v~jc jcrj rjhh km j rct rctjt jtck cke% e% ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns N% Ikpcg~( ? tl gdctcke( v :6>6# CETG^V^GTJTCKE0 Gmmgbtc}g Bkvceo Vjttg~e >% Cetg~jbtcke Vjttg~e Jbbk~dceo tk tlg bhcget( tlgs j~g rc| ce tlg mjachs—rlg( lg~ lrnj lrnjed ed jed jed 4 rcnh rcnhce ceor or%% Tlgc~ Tlgc~ ~g ~ghj hjtc tcker kerlc lcv( v( rlg rlg dgrb dgrb~cn ~cngd gd(( cr lj~akeckr% Cm tlg~g j~g v~knhgar ce tlg mjachs( tlgs rkh}g ct jhh tkog tkogtl tlg~ g~ jed jed tlgs tlgs bkaa bkaae ecb cbjt jtg g wg wghh hh tk gj gjbl bl km tlg tlg mjac mjachs hs agang~r% JEJH JEJHSR SRCR CR00 Cetg~ Cetg~jb jbtc tcke ke vjtt vjttg~ g~er er ce}kh ce}kh}g }g wjsr wjsr km g|v~ g|v~gr grrc rceo eo jmmgbtcke( hk}g( rk~~kw( jeog~ jed ktlg~ mgghceor jed tlkolt ce

akrt krt rcoecm ecmcbjet jet mjachs ce vg~rke jed hcmg% Kvgeegr egrr km bkaaecbjtcke wctl jhh mjachs agang~r dg}ghkvr tlg mjachs–r jnch jnchct cts s tk mebt mebtck cke e jr j bkkv bkkvg~ g~jt jtc} c}g( g( o~kw o~kwtl tl v~kd v~kdb bce ceo o ect% ect% tl ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns N% Ikpcg~( ? gdctcke( v =?:# CETG^V^GTJTCKE0 Gmmgbtc}g Cetg~jbtcke Vjttg~e 2% Bkoectc}g Vjttg~e Tlg lcolgrt mk~ajh gdbjtcke km tlg bhcget wjr >ed sgj~ lcol rblkkh% Rlg rtjtgd tljt rlg ljr rlk~t tg~a agak~s ojv% Rlg }g~njh }g~njhcpg cpgd d ‘Ajdjh ‘Ajdjhcc jikeo ajijhca ajijhcakt% kt% Acerje Acerje rjrjncl rjrjnclce ce ik ej hjeo ajijijhcatje ik vj% Ajtjedj ej ijrc% Vg~k ajnchcr ejaje jik ajij vcbi v ijvjo tct~je jik‑ JEJHSRCR0 Bljeogr ce tlg bkoectc}g mebtcke km acddhg jdhtr j~g ~j~g g|bgvt wctl t~jaj k~ chhegrr% Tlg acddhg jogd jdhtr j~g jnhg tk bketceg hgj~eceo egw richhr jed bje ~gmhgbt ke tlg vjrt jed b~~get g|vg~cgebg jed bje cajoceg( jetcbcvjtg( vhje jed lkvg% ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Vkttg~ jed Vg~~s( 2~d gdctcke( ]kh%: v <>:# CETG^V^GTJTCKE0 V~kvg~ bkoectc}g vjttg~e 4% Rghm Bkebgvt Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd ‘Ajtjojh dce njok jik cetjig hct eo jrtlaj ik% Eojske ajs jrtlaj ej jik hct( hcactjdk ej jeo ojhjw ik ijrc ajlc~jv ej njij ajtjig hct jt hajhj%‑ Rlg jhrk jddg jddgd d tljt tljt jmtg jmtg~~ dcrb dcrblj~ lj~og og(( rlg rlg wchh wchh bketc bketceg eg lg~ lg~ wk~i wk~i jr j }gedk~( ‘Vg~k rcsgav~g lcedc ej jik djvjt thjd eo djtc ijrc eoj ajs hcactjrske ej%‑ JEJHSRCR0 Rghm bkebgvt cr je cedc}cdjh–r vg~bgvtcke km rghm% Ct cebhdgr rghm grtgga ,je cedc}cdjh–r vg~bgvtcke km rghm wk~tl# jed jed nkd nkds cajo cajog g ,vg~ ,vg~bg bgvt vtck cke e km vlsr vlsrcb cbjh jh rghm rghm#% #% Rghm Rghm bkeb bkebgv gvtt cemh cemhge gebg bgr r cedc cedc}c }cd djh jh–r –r lgjh lgjhtl tl nglj} nglj}ck~ ck~r r ce tljt tljt vgkv vgkvhg hg tlce tlcei i lcolhs tlgargh}gr wchh tged tk tjig bj~g km tlgargh}gr% Ke tlg ktlg~ ljed( j vg~rke wctl j egojtc}g rghm bkebgvt wchh geojog ce ~gbi ~g bihg hgrr rr k~ rghm rghm dgrt dgrt~b ~btc tc}g }g nglj nglj}c }ck~r k~r tljt tljt gedj gedjeo eog~ g~ lgjht lgjhtl% l% Vg~rk Vg~rker er wctl wctl j hkw hkw rghm rghm bkebg bkebgvt vt m~gz m~gzge geth ths s coek~ coek~g g tlgc tlgc~~ kwe kwe eggdr ngbjrg tlgs j~g vg~bgc}gd tk ng hgrr cavk~tjet tlje tlg

eggdr km ktlg~ vgkvhg% ,E~rceo Medjagetjhr ns ^% Djecghr v <74# CETG^V^GTJTCKE0 Lgjhtls Rghm Bkebgvt 7% Gaktckejh Vjttg~e Jbbk~dceo tk tlg bhcget rlg cr nk~gd vke lkrvctjhcpjtcke nt ct rkaglkw ~ghcg}gd ns }crctjtcker km lg~ ~ghjtc}gr jed tjhiceo tk tlg ktlg~ vjtcgetr ce tlg wj~d% JEJHSRCR0 Bkkvg~jtc}g k~ m~cgedhs( g|v~grrc}g mgghceor jvv~kv~cjtg tk tlg rctjtcke( }g~njhcpgr vkrctc}g tlceor ~goj~dceo ktlg~r jed tlg mt~g% mt~ g% G|v~grr vkrctc}g bkvceo agbljecra% ,E~rgr Ljednkki km Lgjhtl Jrrgrraget( @jegt _gng~( vo% 7:2# Gaktckejh rtjtgr rbl jr dgv~grrcke jed jeog~ jmmgbt j bhcget–r vg~bgvtcke jed dgo~gg km ~cri tjiceo nglj}ck~% Tlgrg gaktckejh rtjtgr jhtg~ j bhcget–r tlceiceo vjttg~e jed ~gjbtcke tcag ,E~rceo Medjagetjhr ns ^% Djecghr v <># CETG^V^GTJTCKE0 Gmmgbtc}g Mjachs Bkvceo Vjttg~e

CC% CC% Rkbc Rkbck k Bh Bht~ t~jh jh Lgjh Lgjhtl tl :% Bht~jh vjttg~e Jbbk~dceo tk tlg bhcget( tlg rkbcjh }jhgr rlg wjr n~kolt v tk wg~ g~g g ~g ~grv rvg gbt( bt( rger rgerg g km ~g ~grv rvke ker rcnchc nchcts ts(( mgj~ mgj~ km Okd% kd% Tlg t~jdctcker ce lg~ mjachs j~g Bl~crtajr( Nc~tldjs( Egw Sgj~ jed Lkhs wggi% JEJH JEJHSR SRCR CR00 Tlg }jh }jhg g vhjb vhjbgd gd ke blch blchd~ d~ge ge jed ghdg ghdg~r ~r wctl wctlce ce j rkbcgts cr bht~jhhs dg~c}gd% ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4tl gdctcke( v>:># Tlg mjachs vjrrgr ke vjttg~er km djchs hc}ceo jed hcmgrtshgr tk kmmrv~ceo% Bht~jh ~hgr( }jhgr( jed nghcgmr oc}g vgkvhg j rgerg km ngceo rtjnhg jed jnhg tk v~gdcbt ktlg~r ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ? tl gdctcke v :?<# CETG^V^GTJTCKE0 V~kvg~ Bht~jh Vjttg~e >% Rcoecmcbjet ~ghjtckerlcv Jbbk~dceo tk tlg bhcget( lg~ mjachs cr tlg rcoecmcbjet vg~rker ce lg~ hcmg% Tlgs lj}g lj~akeckr ~ghjtckerlcv wctl lg~ mjachs jed ~ghjtc}gr JEJHSRCR0 Mjachs cemhgebgr ke lgjhtl bj~g ngbjrg lgjhtl cr dgmcegd eczghs ns gjbl bhcget–r bht~g% Mjachs cr kmtge aj`k~ bj~g oc}g~r km tlgc~ ~ghjtc}gr% Hjbi km rkbcjh rvvk~t m~ka mjachs k~ rcoe rcoecm cmcb cbje jett ktlg ktlg~r ~r ~g ~gr rht htr r ce vrsb vrsblk lkhk hkoc ocbj bjhh jed jed rvc~ rvc~ct ctj jhh crkh crkhjt jtck cke( e( wlcb wlcbl l egoj egojtc tc}g }ghs hs cavj cavjbt btr r j vg~r vg~rke– ke–r r vlsr vlsrck ckhk hkoc ocbj bjhh rtjtg% Tlr( ct cr cavk~tjet tk lghv bhcgetr cdgetcms( rt~geotlge( jed rg tlgc~ tlgc~ rkbcjh rkbcjh rvvk~t rvvk~t rsrtgar% rsrtgar% Rkagtcagr( Rkagtcagr( mjachcgr eggd ocdjebg tk kvtcacpg lgjhtl nglj}ck~r% ,E~rceo Medjagetjhr ns ^% Djecghr v<43!<7:# CETG^V^GTJTCKE0 Gmmgbtc}g Rcoecmcbjet ^ghjtckerlcv 2% ^gb~gjtckejh Vjttg~e Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd ‘Ijvjo wjhj jikeo t~jnjlk( ekkd hjeo jik eo T] k ijsj ejaje ejohchcecr eo njljs% Csje hjeo ejaje jeo ij ijdj djhjr hjrjeo jeo ocejo ocejojw jwj j ik ij ijvj vjo o ejrj ejrj njlj njljs s ji jik% k% Acer Acerje je ejicicvjoiwgetlje rj aoj ijvctnjljs%‑

JEJHSRCR0 Hgcr~g tcag cr cavk~tjet mk~ ek~ajh rkbcjh dg}ghkvaget jed jd`rtaget ,E~rceo jrrgrraget jed Lgjhtl V~kaktcke ns A~~js jed Pgeteg~( 7tl gdctcke( v 2<=# CETG^V^GTJTCKE0 V~kvg~ ^gb~gjtckejh Vjttg~e 4% Ge}c~keaget Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd( ‘Rj njljs ijrc ejececoj~chsk dce jeo jrjwj ik%‑ Rlg jhrk jddgd ‘Ijrc ojhc ej ijrc eo jeji ikeo njnjg ej ajohjojs eo cergerk rj jhtj~ ijvjo ojnc( dc ik hjeo vcejvjerce vg~k ectkeo ejij~jje ijvjo ejjjaks ik seo rki agdsk ejlcl~jvje jikeo laceoj tjvkr ijvjo ejeosj~c cske( cceka jik eo ojakt%‑ JEJHSRCR0 J rjmg ge}c~keaget cr keg wlcbl vgkvhg bje mebtcke rjmg rjmghs hs jed jed ce keg keg ce wlcb wlcbl l tlgs tlgs kntj kntjce ce j rger rgerg g km rgb rgb~c ~cts ts%% tl ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ? gdctcke v 4<6# CETG^V^GTJTCKE0 Vkk~ Ge}c~keaget 7% Gbkekacb Jbbk~dceo tk tlg bhcget wlge rlg wjr rtchh rt~keo( rlg wjr wk~iceo% Rlg wk~igd jr j }gedk~% ‘Rjvjt ejaje jeo icecictj ejaceo ejaceo ajo! ajo!jr jrjw jwj% j% Ejij Ejijij ijij ijce ce ejaj ejaje e ij ijac ac 2 ngrg ngrgr r crjeo crjeo j~jw jt rjij eojskeo ajs rjict jik( ejijijnchc ejaje ijac eo ojakt ej ijchjeoje ik%‑ JEJHSRCR0 Mcejebcjh ~grk~bgr ceb~gjrg tlg jnchcts tk v~k}cdg tlg egbg egbgrr rrj~ j~s s bkaa bkaakd kdct ctcg cgr r mk~ lgjh lgjhtl tl jed wg wghh hh ngce ngceo% o% ,E~ ,E~rc rceo eo Medjagetjhr ns ^% Djecghr v <77# CETG^V^GTJTCKE0 Jdgzjtg Gbkekacb Mcejebgr CCC% CCC% RVC^ RVC^CT CTWJ WJH H VJTT VJTTG^ GÊ E :% ^ghcockr nghcgmr jed v~jbtcbgr Jbbk~dceo Jbbk~dceo tk tlg bhcget( v~jsceo cr lg~ ~ghcockr v~jbtcbg v~jbtcbg rcebg rlg cr jt tlg lkrvctjh% JEJHSRCR0 Ce acddhg jog( vgkvhg tged tk ng hgrr dkoajtcb jnkt ~ghcockr nghcgmr jed ~ghcocke kmtge kmmg~r ak~g bkamk~t tk tlg

acddhg jogd vg~rke tlje ct dcd v~g}ckrhs% Vgkvhg ce tlcr jog o~kv kmtge ~ghcgr ke rvc~ctjh nghcgmr tk lghv tlga dgjh wctl chhegrr( dgjtl jed t~jogds ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke v 466# CETG^V^GTJTCKE0 V~kvg~ v~jbtcbg km ~ghcockr nghcgmr >% ]jhgr jed }jhceo Jbbk~dceo tk tlg bhcget Okd jed mjachs j~g tlg akrt cavk~tjet vg~rker ce lg~ hcmg% JEJH JEJHSR SRCR CR00 ]jh ]jhgr gr bje bje ng dgrb dgrb~c ~cng ngd d jr tlg tlg kt ktbka bkag km je cedc}cdjh“r gmmk~t tk jvvhs ec}g~rjh ak~jh hjwr tk lcr g}g~sdjs hcmg hcmg%% ]jhg jhgr r j~ j~g g ak~ k~g g vg~r vg~rke kej jh( jed jed v~k ~k}c }cd dg agje agjece ceo o jed jed dc~g dc~gbt btck cke% e% ,Med ,Medja jage getj tjhr hr km E~rc E~rceo eo v~jb v~jbtc tcbg bg ns Ej~~k Ej~~kw w jed jed ed Nrblhg( > gdctcke v <4# CETG^V^GTJTCKE0 V~kvg~ }jhceo

O%J O% JBTC]CTCGR JBTC]CTCGR KM DJCHS HC]CEO

Et~ctcke

KM

DJCHS HC]CEO NGMK^G

DW^CEO

LKRVCTJHCPJTCKE

LKRVCTJHCPJTCKE

Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd( ‘Ijdjhjrje crdj jt ohjs jeo icejijce ejace% Acerje ajs ij~eg dce%‑ Rlg jhrk jddgd tljt rlg gjtr 2 agjhr vg~ djs jed d~ceir ? tk < ohjrrgr g}g~sdjs

Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd( ‘Ieo jek eo ncecncojs ej vjoijce dctk rj lkrvctjh( e jeo icejijce ik vg~k dc ik ~ce ejnkr% Rjnc eo dkitk~ njwjh rj jice eo aoj ojtjr jt cthko ijrc ajijtc cske%‑ Rlg jhrk jddgd tljt rlg d~ceir :%7 hctg~r km wjtg~ g}g~sdjs%


JED

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Tlg acddhg!jogd jdht rlkhd bketceg tk gjt j lgjhtls dcgt( mkhhkwceo tlg ~gbkaagedgd vk~tcker km tlg mc}g mkkd o~kvr wctl rvgbcjh jttgetcke tk v~ktgce( bjhbca jed hcactceo blkhgrtg~kh jed bjhk~cb cetjig% Twk k~ tl~gg hctg~r km mhcd rlkhd ng cebhdgd ce tlg djchs dcgt% D~ceo tlg hjtg acddhg jog( tlgs ajs dgtg~aceg tljt bg~tjce mkkdr dcrjo~gg wctl tlga% Bhcgetr rlkhd ng jd}crgd tk dg}ghkv rgercnhg gjtceo ljnctr jed j}kcd m~cgd k~ mjtts mkkdr ,v% ::<:( Medjagetjhr km

JBTC]CTCGR KM DJCHS HC]CEO

NGMK^G

DW^CEO

LKRVCTJHCPJTCKE

LKRVCTJHCPJTCKE

Ghc Ghcacej acejtc tcke ke Tlg bhc bhcg get }g~njhcpgd tljt rlg dgmgbjtgr jed ~cejtgr ~gohj~hs jed tlg~g cr ek n~eceo k~ mkh raghh ce lg~ ~ceg% Rlg jhrk jddgd tljt rlg dkgre–t tjig jes agdcbjtcker tk ceb~gjrg lg~ nkwgh ak}gaget

Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd tljt rlg ~cejtgr 2 tcagr tk = tcagr j djs jed dgmgbjtgr > tcagr j djs% Rlg jhrk }g~njhcpgd( ‘Nk ejaje jeo dac ik%‑

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke# Jhhg~ocgr cedbgd ns j lsvg~rgerctc}gegr r km tlg cedc}cdjh% Jhhg~ocgr ~gjbtcke cr j v~kbgrr tljt cr ce`~cgr jed ~gedg~r tlg cedc}cdjhr rgerctc}cts tk tlg jetcoger% ,v%43>( _chhcjar( @grrg M% :376% Vg~rkejh Lsocgeg Jvvhcgd(#

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Ghcacejtcke m~ka tlg ~cej~s jed cetgrtcejh t~jbtr cr grrgetcjh tk ~cd tlg nkds km wjrtgr jed ajtg~cjhr ce g|bgrr km nkdchs eggdr% Lgjhtls jdhtr g|b~gtg :>66ah!:?66ah km ~ceg ce gjbl >4 lk~ vg~ckd% Lkwg}g~( tlcr jaket ajs }j~s( dgvgedceo ke rg}g~jh mjbtk~r% ^gohj~


G|g~bcrg jed

NGMK^G

DW^CEO

LKRVCTJHCPJTCKE

LKRVCTJHCPJTCKE

Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd tljt

Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd(

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR ghcacejtcke km nkwgh wjrtgr v~kdbtr cr grrgetcjh mk~ ek~ajh nkds mebtckeceo% Ngbjrg nkwgh mebtcke dgvgedr ke tlg njhjebg km rg}g~jh mjbtk~r( ghcacejtcke vjttg~e jed ljnctr }j~s jakeo cedc}cdjhr ,v% 27= jed v% 2==( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ghceg~ ]% Mg~rt - v% :42?( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Vkttg~ jed Vg~~s( 7tl gdctcke# Tlg ek~ajh bkhk~ km tlg rtkkh cr n~kwe( mk~agd rkmt( jed rgac! rkhcd( akcrt( ce bkercrtgebs( bshced~cbjh ce rljvg% ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( vjog :>>?#

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ek~ajh

JBTC]CTCGR KM NGMK^G DJCHS HC]CEO LKRVCTJHCPJTCKE Vlsrcbjh wjhiceo jed Jbtc}ctcgr wk~iceo cr lg~ mk~a km g|g~bcrg

DW^CEO LKRVCTJHCPJTCKE ‘_jhj jik ajrsjdkeo g|g~bcrg dctk ijrc hjoc hjeo jik dctk rj lcojje% Acerje ejohjhjijd jik ijvjo vjvetj eo B^% Rt~gtblceo hjeo acerje jeo ocejojwj ik‑

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR Jejhsrcr0 Mk~ g|g~bcrg tk ng gmmgbtc}g% Ct rlkhd ng ~gohj~ jed rrtjcegd% Ogeg~jhhs( g|g~bcrceo jt hgjrt tl~cbg j wggi cr jd}crgd% ,v% :64( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~#% Hcactjtcker tk ak}gaget ajs ng agdcbjhhs v~grb~cngd mk~ rkag lgjhtl v~knhgar ,v% :6=?( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke# Ajes acddhg!jogd jdhtr ajs ekt cebhdg g|g~bcrg ce tlgc~ hcmgrtshg ngbjrg ajes km tlg jbtc}ctcgr k~ ~ktceg blk~gr tljt v~k}cdgd g|g~bcrg ce tlg vjrt lj}g ngge rt~gja hcegd ns akdg~e dg}cbgr tljt rj}g tcag jed ~gzc~g hctthg cm jes geg~os% ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~ (


Lsocgeg

NGMK^G

DW^CEO

LKRVCTJHCPJTCKE

LKRVCTJHCPJTCKE

Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd tljt rlg tjigr j njtl g}g~sdjs( n~rl lg~ tggtl twcbg j djs%

Rlg ljr rvkeog njtlr g}g~sdjs jed n~rlgr lg~ tggtl twcbg j djs% Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd ‘Ijsj ik ejaje vejrje jeo rj~chc ik vg~k ejovjvjthkeo dce jik rj jeji ik%‑

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JEJHSRCR v =27#

JED

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Nglj}ck~r km ajeiced tljt v~kdbg cav~k}g jed ajcetjce lgjhtl jed tljt v~ktgbtr jed dgmgedr lgjhtl k~ v~g}get dcrgjrgr j~g tlg mk~bgd jed vg~rjdgd v~jbtcbgr km lsocgeg% ,v% 2( V~cebcvhgr km Lsocgeg ns Tlkajr Rtk~gs( :327# njtlceo v~k}cdgr ~ghj|jtcke jed bkamk~t jed ct oc}gr akrt vgkvhg j rgerg km wghh ngceo ,v% ?64( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4tl gdctcke# Bhgjeceo njtlr j~g oc}ge blcgmhs mk~ lsocgeg v~vkrgr ,v% ?67( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke# V~kvg~


NGMK^G

DW^CEO

LKRVCTJHCPJTCKE

LKRVCTJHCPJTCKE

Rnrtjebg Jnrg

Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd tljt rlg cr je kbbjrckejh rakig~ nt rtkvvgd mk~ tge sgj~r% Rlg jhrk d~ceir jhbklkh > tk 2 tcagr j wggi bkeraceo kehs : nktthg%

Rlg dke–t d~cei jhbklkhcb ng}g~jogr jed dke–t rakig

Rhggv jed ^grt

Tlg bhcget Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd tljt }g~njhcpgd( rlg rhggvr 4 tk 7 ‘Ejijijthko

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR dcgt jed tkktl jed aktl bj~g rlkhd ng g}jhjtgd jed ~gcemk~bgd tk jdkhgrbgetr jed jdhtr% Tlk~kol n~rlceo km tlg tggtl cr cavk~tjet ce v~g}getceo tkktl dgbjs ,v% ?>=( Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke#

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 D~or k~ rnrtjebg rg cr jvv~kv~cjtghs tjige jr v~grb~cngd k~ ogeg~jhhs ~gbkaagedgd jr ctr cetgedgd vlsrckhkocbjh k~ vrsblkhkocbjh gmmgbtr% ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Vkttg~ jed Vg~~s vo% :7?4# Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Rhggv


NGMK^G

DW^CEO

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED LKRVCTJHCPJTCKE LKRVCTJHCPJTCKE JEJHSRCR lk~r% ‘]gedk~ ejaje jik eo ~gzc~gagetr jed ijrc jik ijsj ajtjoj!tjojh% vjttg~er }j~s wctl acerje vsjt k Ejococrceo jik cedc}cdjh jed ijsj ejaje acerje twceo bljeog wctl jog ihjeo rj thko ojnc vg~k ,Bkaaects vg~k ejnjnjwc ejijijthko dce Lgjhtl E~rceo ns ik ~ce ijvjo wjhj ejaje jik Rtjetkvg jed jik ajrsjdk ijjojd Hjebjrtg~ v% =6?#% ocejojwj rj Acddhg jogd jdht njljs%‑ ogeg~jhhs ajcetjce rhggv vjttg~e grtjnhcrlgd jt skeog~ jog% Tlgs rjhhs rhggv = tk < lk~r vg~ ecolt ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke( v% :::=#

L%V L% VJTCGET–R BKEBGVT KM LGJHTL( CHHEGRR JED LKRVCTJHCPJTCKE Tlg cdgjh lgjhtl rtjtr cr keg ce wlcbl vgkvhg j~g rbbgrrmh ce jblcg}ceo tlgc~ mhh vktgetcjh ~goj~dhgrr km jes hcactjtcker tlgs acolt lj}g% Tlg vg~rke wctl j bl~kecb chhegrr k~ dcrjnchcts ajs rtchh ng jnhg tk jblcg}g j dgrc~jnhg hg}gh km wghhegrr% Tlg igs tk wghh wg hheg egrr rr cr tk meb mebtc tcke ke jt tlg lcol lcolg grt vktge ktgetc tcjh jh wctlc ctlce e tlg tlg hcactjtcker k}g~ wlcbl tlg~g cr ek bket~kh% Tlg Tlg bhcg bhcget et }cgw }cgwr r lg~ lg~ ~k ~khg hg jr j rcbi rcbi vg~r vg~rke ke jr j }he }heg~ g~jn jnhg hg vg~rke wlk rggi lghv jed v~kvg~ bj~g% Rlg g|vgbtr rvvk~t jed v~kvg~ bj~g ajejogaget jed bjhaegrr tk tlkrg vgkvhg wlk bj~g mk~ lg~% Rlg rjcd tljt lg~ chhegrr rlkhd ng t~gjtgd wctl tlg lghv km agdcbcegr jed v~kvg~ bj~g ajejogaget% Rlg wjetr tk iekw tlg tlceor tljt j~g egbgrrj~s mk~ lg~ jed lgjhtl v~kaktcke% Rlg jhrk }g~njhcpgd( ‘Jhja ik ejaje ej ajs jrtlaj jik ijrc rcahj vj njtj njtj ji jik k ag~k ag~ke e ej ji jik k ekke ekke%% Aj Ajlc lc~j ~jv v eoj eoj hjeo hjeo ij ijrc rc eojs eojske ke hcactjdk ej jeo ojojwce ik ijrc njij jtjiclce hct jik% Aj~jac ej ejajeo njwjh%‑

Lg~ lkrvctjhcpjtcke ekw jt V~gr% Dckrdjdk Ajbjvjojh Agak~cjh Agdcbjh Bgetg~ cr lg~ aj`k~ lkrvctjhcpjtcke ngbjrg rlg–r ngge rtjsceo tlg~g mk~ jhakrt j wggi jed lg~ vjrt blgbi vr ce lgjhtl bgetg~ j~g ekt j mk~a km lkrvctjhcpjtcke% JEJH JEJHSR SRCR CR00 Tlg Tlg vjtc vjtcge getr tr g|vg g|vgbt bt tlg tlg e~r e~rg g tk ng tlk tlkol oltm tmh h(( edg edg~r ~rtj tjed edce ceo o jed jed jbbg jbbgvt vtce ceo o km lca% lca% Vjtc Vjtcge getr tr j~ j~g g b~ct b~ctcb cbjh jh km nglj}ck~ tljt cr v~cactc}g k~ `doagetjh% Lg g|vgbtr tlg e~rg tk k~cget lca ce tlg lgjhtl jogebs% Egj~ns g}g~skeg cr jm~jcd km tlg eie eiekw kwe e jed jed tk ng hgmt hgmt jhke jhkeg g wct wctlkt lkt k~ k~cg cget etjt jtccke bje ng j m~coltgeceo g|vg~cgebg% Lg jhrk g|vgbtr tlg e~rg tk v~k}cdg je g|vh g|vhje jejt jtck cke e km lcr lcr bj~g bj~g%% Lgjh Lgjhtl tl v~jb v~jbtc tctc tckeg keg~r ~r wlk wlk coek coek~g ~g tlcr tlcr jrvgbt km bj~g j~g kmtg mtge ~g ~gmmg~~g ~gd d tk jr b~g ~gh jed ei eiced ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo( ?tl gdctcke( vv% >??!>?<# C% HJNK^JTK^S JED DCJOEKRTCB G\JACEJTCKE DCJOEKRTCB G\JA

W~cejhsrcr

EKÂR

^gmg~gebg ]jhgr Bkhk~0 hcolt rt~jw tk dj~i jang~ Jvvgj~jebg0 bhgj~ Kdk~0 j~kajtcb vL0 4%7!<%6 Rvgbcmcb O~j}cts0 :%667!:%626 V~ktgce0 >!< ao+dh9 egojtc}g ~gjoget rt~cv tgrt9 t~jbg Ohbkrg0

JBTWJH ^GRWHTR

Jbtjh Mcedceor Bkhk~0 Sghhkw Jvvgj~jebg0 rhcolths ljps Kdk~0 j~kajtcb vL0 jbcdcb Rvgbcmcb O~j}cts0 :%6:7 V~ktgce0 t~jbg Ohbkrg0 egojtc}g Acb~krbkvcb G|jacejtcke0 ^NB0 >!2+lvm Vr0 2!7+lvm Gvctlghcjh bghhr0 ajes


JED

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Tlg ~ceg bkhk~( jvvgj~jebg( vL jed acb~krbkvcb g|jacejtcke j~g bkercdg~gd ekt ek~ajh wlchg tlg kdk~( rvgbcmcb o~j}cts( v~ktgce jed ohbkrg j~g bkercdg~gd ek~ajh% Jejhsrcr0 Bkhk~ km tlg ~ceg bljeogr bje ~grhtr m~ka dcgt( d~or jed ajes dcrgjrgr ,vo% 237( Dcjoekrtcb Tgrt#% Bkhk~ cr jmmgbtgd ns bkebget~jtcke km ~ceg% Tgj bkhk~gd ~ceg cr

DCJOEKRTCB G\JA

EKÂR

JBTWJH ^GRWHTR

egojtc}g Abr Igtkegr0 tl~gjdr0 hcolt egojtc}g Njbtg~cj0 mgw ,Ljednkki km Hjnk~jtk~s jed Dcjoekrtcb Tgrt wctl E~rceo Cevhcbjtcke( 7tl gdctcke( vo% 242# Acb~krbkvcb G|jacejtcke0 ^NB0 6!>+lcol vkwg~ mcghd _NB0 6!7+lcol vkwg~ mcghd Gvctlghcjh bghhr0 6!7+lcol vkwg~ mcghd ,Ljednkki km Dcjoekrtcb Tgrt( 2 ~d gdctcke( vo% 2>3#

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR dg tk nhkkd ce tlg ~ceg% N~colt sghhkw ~ceg ajs ng rgbkedj~s tk }ctjace cetjig% Dj~i sghhkw ~ceg cr j r~g cedcbjtk~ tljt tlg~g cr dglsd~jtgd cedcbjtgd jed tljt tlg mhcd bkeravtcke art ng ceb~gjrgd% _lge wjtg~ hkkrg m~ka tlg nkds g|bggdr wjtg~ cetjig( tlg icdegsr eggd tk bkerag wjtg~ ajiceo tlg ~cejtcke ak~g bkebget~jtgd wctl wjrtg v~kdbtr jed rnrgzgeths dj~i ce bkhk~% Sghhkw bkhk~gd ~ceg cr vkrrcnhg km vs~cj( jed cemgbtcke% ,Agdcbjh R~ocbjh E~rceo ns Nj~g jed Raghtpg~ vo%:>=2# T~ncd ~ceg ajs bketjce ~gd k~ wlctg bghhr( njbtg~cj( mjt k~ blshg jed ajs ~gmhgbt ~gejh cemgbtcke ,vo% 237( Dcjoekrtcb Tgrt( >664 ns Hcvvcebktt _chhcjar jed _chicer#% W~ceg t~ncdcts ajs ~grht m~ka ~cej~s t~jbt cemgbtcker ,vo% :<6( J Ajejh km Hjnk~jtk~s

DCJOEKRTCB G\JA

EKÂR

JBTWJH ^GRWHTR

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR jed Dcjoekrtcb Tgrt( ? tl gdctcke#% J ek~ajh vL cr ?% J vL 8 ? cedcbjtgr jbcd ~ceg jed 5 ? cedcbjtgr jhijhceg ~ceg% Jbcd ~ceg vl cr jrrkbcjtgd wctl ~gejh tng~bhkrcr( vs~g|cj( vlgeshigtke~cj( jhijvtke~cj jed jbcdkrcr% ,Dcjoekrtcb Tgrtr( J V~grb~cng~–r Ocdg tk Rghgbtcke jed Cetg~v~gtjtcke ns Hcvvcebktt _chhcjar jed _chicer( v%237# Dg tk bj~nklsd~jtg ajhjnrk~vtcke( mjt ajhjnrk~vtcke jed dcrjbblj~cdgr dgmcbcgebs% ,J Ajejh km Hjnk~jtk~s jed Dcjoekrtcb Tgrtr( ?tl gdctcke ns Hcvvcebktt _chhcja jed _chicer( v%>?3#Ek~ajhhs( m~grlhs }kcdgd ~ceg ljr j mjcet kdk~ kwceo tk tlg v~grgebg km }khjtchg jbcdr% Ct cr ekt ogeg~jhhs kmmgerc}g% M~grl ~ceg m~ka akrt vg~rker ljr j blj~jbtg~crtcb j~kajtcb kdk~ ,vo% 23=( Dcjoekrtcb Tgrt#% Rvgbcmcb o~j}cts cr je cedcbjtcke km tlg

DCJOEKRTCB G\JA

EKÂR

JBTWJH ^GRWHTR

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR ~ghjtc}g v~kvk~tcker km dcrrkh}gd rkhcd bkavkegetr tk tlg tktjh }khag km tlg rvgbcage jed ~gmhgbtr tlg ~ghjtc}g dgo~gg km bkebget~jtcke k~ dchtcke km tlg rvgbcage% ,www%cetgerc}gbj~ceo%b ka# ka# Ce j lgjhtls ~gejh jed ~cej~s t~jbt rsrtga( ~ceg bketjcer ek v~ktgce k~ kehs t~jbg jaket ,vo% :3:( J Ajejh km Hjnk~jtk~s jed Dcjoekrtcb Tgrt#% Roj~( rjhhs jnrget m~ka tlg ~ceg( ajs jvvgj~ edg~ ek~ajh bkedctcker ,vo% 2>3( Ljednkki km Dcjoekrtcb Tgrt( 2 ~d gdctcke# ^gd nhkkd bghhr ce tlg ~ceg bje ng dg tk }cok~kr g|g~bcrg k~ g|vkr~g tk tk|cb blgacbjhr% Nhkkds ~ceg bje jhrk ng j rcoe km nhggdceo ce tlg ogectk~cej~s t~jbt jr j ~grht km rsrtgacb nhggdceo dcrk~dg~r( }j~ckr icdegs dcrgjrgr( njbtg~cjh cemgbtcker( vj~jrctcb cemgbtcker cebhdceo

DCJOEKRTCB G\JA

EKÂR

Lgaj Lgajtk tkhk hkos os ^gmg ^gmg~g ~geb ebg g ]jhgr0 Egt~kvlchr0 6%46!6%=6 Hsavlkbstgr0 6%>6!6%46 ,Dcjoekrtcb Tgrtceo jed E~rceo Cavhcbjtcker( 4tl gdctcke#

JBTWJH ^GRWHTR

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR ajhj~cj( knrt~btcker ce tlg ~cej~s t~jbt( rb~}s( rnjbtg njbtg~cjh gedkbj~dctcr( t~jajtcb ce`~cgr( jed tak~r% J lcol eang~ km wlctg nhkkd bghhr ce tlg ~ceg cr rjhhs j rsavtka km ~cej~s t~jbt cemgbtcke% J hj~og eang~ km bghhr m~ka tcrrg hceceo ,gvctlghcjh bghhr# bje cedcbjtg djajog tk tlg rajhh tngr tljt bj~~s ajtg~cjh cetk jed kt km tlg icdegsr% ,www%lgjhtljtkp%bka#

Jbtjh Mcedceor0 Egt~kvlchr0 6%?3 Hsavlkbstgr0 6%:2

Cetg~v~gtjtcke0 Ekt ek~ajh Jejhsrcr0 Ceb~gjrg ce Egt~kvlchr0 rg}g~g njbtg~cjh dcrgjrg( dcjngtcb jbcdkrcr( cemj~btcker( ceb~gjrg ce jbtg( rg}g~g cemhjaajtcke( ajhcoejebcgr ,Dcjoekrtcb Tgrtceo jed E~rceo Cavhcbjtcker( 4tl gdctcke# Dgb~ Dgb~gj gjrg rgd d ce Hsavlkbstgr0 cedcbjtgr hsavlkvgecj%

DCJOEKRTCB G\JA

EKÂR

@% CAV^GRRCKE+DCJOEKRCR Tlg jdacttceo dcjoekrcr G|jbg~njtcke

JBTWJH ^GRWHTR

cr

CETG^V^GTJTCKE JED JEJHSRCR ,Agdcbjh R~ocbjh E~rc ~rceo ns Nj~g jed Raghtpg~ vo%
N~keblcjh

Jrtlaj

ce

Jbtg

I% BKW^RG CE TLG _J^D Tlg vjtcget wjr jdacttgd ce Mgajhg Agdcbjh _j~d 2=4 ngd hgttg~ N% Rlg ljr cet~j}gekr mhcd ,Njhjebgd Ahtcvhg Ajcetgejebg Rkhtcke 7' Dg|t~krg# lkkigd( hjnk~jtk~s wk~ir v dkeg ,~cejhsrcr( lgajtkhkos jed ~jdckhkocbjh ~gvk~t#% Rlg wjr oc}g oc}ge e rjhn rjhnt tja jakh kh jr egn egnhc hcpg pg~~ jed jed Bg Bgm m~k ~k|c |cag ag Rkdc Rkdca a jr jetcncktcbr CC% BHCECBJH DCRBWRRCKE KM TLG DCRGJRG J% GBKHKOCB AKDGH ,:# Lsvktlgrcr Tlg~g j~g ajes ejerwg~gd zgrtcker jnkt tlg ~khg km lkrt mjbtk~r ce dcrgjrg% J vktgetcjhhs lj~amh bljeog ce jes km tlg bkav bkavke kege getr tr km tlg tlg rsrt rsrtga ga ajs ajs ekt ekt hgjd hgjd tk dgtg dgtgbt btjn jnhg hg dcrgjrgr% ,># V~gdcrvkrceo Mjbtk~r J% Lkrt krt j% Jog0 74 sgj~r khd n% Rg|0 Mgajhg b% ^jbg0 Jrcje

d% Ejtckejhcts0 Mchcvcek g% Nglj}ck~r0 m% Lg~gdcts0 tlgs lj}g mjachs lcrtk~s km N~keblcjh Jrtlaj ce lg~ mjtlg~–r rcdg N% Jog Joget Jhhg~oger—vkhhtjetr jed mag km cergbtcbcdgr B% Ge}c~kea Ge}c~keaget get Vlsrcbjh0 g|vkr~g jed celjhjtcke km vkhhtjetr jed mag km cergbtcbcdgr9 g|vkr~g tk rakig m~ka bcoj~gttg N% Gbkhkocb Ak Akdgh

Tlg Gvcdgackhkocbjh T~cjeohg Lkrt ,rrbgvtcnhg lkrt#

Joget0 ,Jhhg~oger#

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EW^RCEO ^GRVKERCNCHCTS

V~goejebs ,bjtgok~s B#( hjbtjtcke% hjbtjtcke% Wrg km k~jh rs~v ce blchd~ge 8> s%

Jrrgrraget D~wo Gmmgbtr Akectk~ • tlg~jvgtc b gmmgbtc}ge T~gak~( grr wlcbl je|cgts( cr eg~}kregr cedcbjtgd r( ns ~grthgrregrr rcoecmcbjet ( rn`gbtc}g bke}hrcker cav~k}ga ( wgjiegrr( get ce lgjdjblg( vhakej~s ljhhbcejtck mebtcke er% B]0 wctlce =6‒ Vjhvctjtcke( 36 ace lsvg~tgerck jmtg~ d~o e( jdacecrt~j lsvktgercke tcke% ( • Akectk~ n~jdsbj~dcj mk~0 R-R km ( ~gmhg| mceg tjblsbj~dcj t~gak~ ce % Rvgbcjh mceog~r( Rgergr0 wlcbl ajs Nh~~gd cetg~mg~g }crcke( wctl

BKET^JCEDCBJTCK

RCDG GMMGBTR + JD]G^RG ^GJBTCKER dchjtgd vvchr% OC0 Ejrgj( }kactceo% Ktlg~0 Arbhg b~javr( lkj~rgegrr

ER

Nkds jr j _lkhg0 Lsvg~rgerct c}cts ~gjbtcke% BER0


v~gbcrcke ljedwk~i9 BER rtcahjtck e( vj~tcbhj~h s ce blchd~ge >‒ = s( ,lsvg~jbtc }cts( g|bctgage t( eg~}kreg rr( cerkaecj#( tjblsbj~dc j( OC rsavtkar % ^gvk~t v~kavths tk vlsrcbcje%

OGEG^CB EJAG

JBTCKE

N^JED EJAG

BHJRRCMCBJTCKE

CEDCBJTCKE

BKET^JCEDCBJTCK ER

Acecajh k~ ek gmmgbt ke jhvlj! jd~geg~ocb ~gbgvtk~r% Celcnctr lcrtjaceg ~ghgjrg ns ajrt bghhr%

RCDG GMMGBTR + JD]G^RG ^GJBTCKER dchjtgd vvchr% OC0 Ejrgj( }kactceo% Ktlg~0 Arbhg b~javr( lkj~rgegrr


•

•

OGEG^CB EJAG

JBTCKE

N^JED EJAG

BHJRRCMCBJTCKE

CEDCBJTCKE

BKET^JCEDCBJTCK ER


v~gbcrcke ljedwk~i9 BER rtcahjtck e( vj~tcbhj~h s ce blchd~ge >‒ = s( ,lsvg~jbtc }cts( g|bctgage t( eg~}kreg rr( cerkaecj#( tjblsbj~dc j( OC rsavtkar % ^gvk~t v~kavths tk vlsrcbcje% Hjn tgrtr0 Vg~ckdcb JNOr( vhakej~s mebtcker( jed vhrg k|cagt~s% Bkerht vlsrcbcje jnkt


oc}ceo hjrt jhntg~kh dkrg rg}g~jh lk~r ngmk~g ngdtcag( cm d~o! cedbgd cerkaecj cr j v~knhga% Vjtcget Mjachs Gdwbjtcke • ^g}cgw dc~gbtcker mk~ bk~~gbt rg km agdcbjtck e jed celjhg~

OGEG^CB EJAG

JBTCKE

N^JED EJAG

BHJRRCMCBJTCKE

CEDCBJTCKE

BKET^JCEDCBJTCK ER



oc}ceo hjrt jhntg~kh dkrg rg}g~jh lk~r ngmk~g ngdtcag( cm d~o! cedbgd cerkaecj cr j v~knhga% Vjtcget Mjachs Gdwbjtcke • ^g}cgw dc~gbtcker mk~ bk~~gbt rg km agdcbjtck e jed celjhg~ • J}kcd bketjbt km celjhjtcke d~o wctl gsgr% • Dk ekt ceb~gjrg eang~ k~ m~gzgebs km

OGEG^CB EJAG

JBTCKE

N^JED EJAG

BHJRRCMCBJTCKE

CEDCBJTCKE

BKET^JCEDCBJTCK ER



•

celjhjtcker wctlkt jd}cbg km vlsrcbcje% Ektcms vlsrcbcje cm jhntg~kh mjchr tk v~k}cdg ~ghcgm ngbjrg tlcr bje rcoecms wk~rgeceo km vhakej~s mebtcke jed j ~gg}jhjtc ke km bkedctcke+t lg~jvs ajs ng

OGEG^CB EJAG

JBTCKE

N^JED EJAG

BHJRRCMCBJTCKE

CEDCBJTCKE

BKET^JCEDCBJTCK ER



•

•

OGEG^CB EJAG

JBTCKE

N^JED EJAG

BHJRRCMCBJTCKE

CEDCBJTCKE

BKET^JCEDCBJTCK ER


EW^RCEO ^GRVKERCNCHCTS •

BGMW^K\CA G RKDCWA

Rgacrsetlgt cb rgbked! ogeg~jtcke bgvljhkrvk~ ce jetcncktcb

Igm~k|( Pcejbgm

jetccemgbtc}g9 jetcncktcb9 rgbked! ogeg~jtcke bgvljhkrvk~ce

Cemgbtcker bjrgd ns rrbgvtcnhg k~ojecrar ce tlg hkwg~

Lsvg~rgerctc}c Nkds jr j ts tk _lkhg0 bgvljhkrvk~ce Tl~kankvlh r jed ~ghjtgd gnctcr ,C] jetcncktcbr9 rctg#9 vjce(

celjhjtcker wctlkt jd}cbg km vlsrcbcje% Ektcms vlsrcbcje cm jhntg~kh mjchr tk v~k}cdg ~ghcgm ngbjrg tlcr bje rcoecms wk~rgeceo km vhakej~s mebtcke jed j ~gg}jhjtc ke km bkedctcke+t lg~jvs ajs ng cedcbjtgd% Ektg0 Jhntg~kh bje bjrg dcppcegrr k~ }g~tcok9 tjig egbgrrj~s v~gbjtcke r%

Dk ekt rg KTB d~or wctlkt vlsrcbcje jvv~k}jh% Ajes agdcbjtck er ,g%o%( bkhd ~gagdcgr# bketjce d~or tljt ajs cetgercms jhntg~kh jbtcke%

Jrrgrraget D~wo Gmmgbtr • Dgtg~aceg lcrtk~s km lsvg~rgerc

OGEG^CB EJAG

JBTCKE

N^JED EJAG

BHJRRCMCBJTCKE

CEDCBJTCKE

BKET^JCEDCBJTCK ER


EW^RCEO ^GRVKERCNCHCTS •

BGMW^K\CA G RKDCWA

OGEG^CB EJAG

Rgacrsetlgt cb rgbked! ogeg~jtcke bgvljhkrvk~ ce jetcncktcb wctl rt~bt~g rcachj~ tk tljt km tlg vgecbchhcer% ^grcrtjebg jojcert ngtj! hjbtjajrg! v~kdbceo

JBTCKE

rt~jcer g|bggdr tljt km mc~rt ogeg~jtcke bgvljhkrvk~ cer% Jetcacb~kncj h rvgbt~a km jbtc}cts ~grganhgr tljt km bgmkecbcd% V~gmg~getcjhh s ncedr tk keg k~ ak~g km tlg vgecbchhce! ncedceo v~ktgcer ,VNV# hkbjtgd ke bghh wjhhr km rrbgvtcnhg

Igm~k|( Pcejbgm

N^JED EJAG

jetccemgbtc}g9 jetcncktcb9 rgbked! ogeg~jtcke bgvljhkrvk~ce

BHJRRCMCBJTCKE

Cemgbtcker bjrgd ns rrbgvtcnhg k~ojecrar ce tlg hkwg~ ~grvc~jtk~s t~jbt( ~cej~s t~jbt( rice( jed rice rt~bt~gr9 jhrk rgd mk~ t~gjtaget km ageceoctcr(

CEDCBJTCKE

Lsvg~rgerctc}c Nkds jr j ts tk _lkhg0 bgvljhkrvk~ce Tl~kankvlh r jed ~ghjtgd gnctcr ,C] jetcncktcbr9 rctg#9 vjce( v~goejebs n~eceo( ,bjtgok~s N#( bghhhctcr ,CA hjbtjtcke rctg#9 rvg~cemgbtc ker( vkrctc}g Bkkanr/ tgrt% OC0 Dcj~~lgj(

ejrgj(

BKET^JCEDCBJTCK ER

okek~~lgj( jed ktctcr agdcj jed mk~ vg~ckvg~jtc} g v~kvlshj|cr ,g%o%( kvge! lgj~t r~og~s#( gj~hs Hsag dcrgjrg%

RCDG GMMGBTR + JD]G^RG ^GJBTCKER jetcncktcb! jrrkbcjtgd bkhctcr% Rice0 ^jrl( v~~ctr( ~tcbj~cj% W~kogectjh 0 Ceb~gjrgd rg~a b~gjtceceg jed NWE( dgb~gjrgd b~gjtceceg bhgj~jebg%

Dk ekt rg KTB d~or wctlkt vlsrcbcje jvv~k}jh% Ajes agdcbjtck er ,g%o%( bkhd ~gagdcgr# bketjce d~or tljt ajs cetgercms jhntg~kh jbtcke%

Jrrgrraget D~wo Gmmgbtr • Dgtg~aceg lcrtk~s km lsvg~rgerc tc}cts ~gjbtcker tk bgvljhkrv k~cer( vgecbchhcer( jed lcrtk~s km jhhg~ocgr( vj~tcbhj~h


•

s tk d~or( ngmk~g tlg~jvs cr cectcjtgd% Hjn tgrtr0 Vg~mk~a bht~g jed rgerctc}cts tgrtr ngmk~g cectcjtcke km tlg~jvs jed vg~ckdcbjhh s d~ceo tlg~jvs cm cedcbjtgd% Tlg~jvs ajs ng certcttgd vgedceo tgrt

OGEG^CB EJAG

JBTCKE

N^JED EJAG

BHJRRCMCBJTCKE

JBTCKE

Vj~tcjh b~krr! jhhg~ogecbcts ngtwgge ktlg~ ngtj! hjbtja jetcncktcbr jed bgvljhkrvk~ cer ljr ngge ~gvk~tgd%

BKET^JCEDCBJTCK ER

rt~jcer g|bggdr tljt km mc~rt ogeg~jtcke bgvljhkrvk~ cer% Jetcacb~kncj h rvgbt~a km jbtc}cts ~grganhgr tljt km bgmkecbcd% V~gmg~getcjhh s ncedr tk keg k~ ak~g km tlg vgecbchhce! ncedceo v~ktgcer ,VNV# hkbjtgd ke bghh wjhhr km rrbgvtcnhg k~ojecrar% Tlcr celcnctr tlc~d jed mcejh rtjog km njbtg~cjh bghh wjhh rsetlgrcr( tlr ichhceo tlg njbtg~ca%

OGEG^CB EJAG

CEDCBJTCKE

okek~~lgj( jed ktctcr agdcj jed mk~ vg~ckvg~jtc} g v~kvlshj|cr ,g%o%( kvge! lgj~t r~og~s#( gj~hs Hsag dcrgjrg%

RCDG GMMGBTR + JD]G^RG ^GJBTCKER jetcncktcb! jrrkbcjtgd bkhctcr% Rice0 ^jrl( v~~ctr( ~tcbj~cj% W~kogectjh 0 Ceb~gjrgd rg~a b~gjtceceg jed NWE( dgb~gjrgd b~gjtceceg bhgj~jebg%


•

•

N^JED EJAG

BHJRRCMCBJTCKE

CEDCBJTCKE

BKET^JCEDCBJTCK ER


s tk d~or( ngmk~g tlg~jvs cr cectcjtgd% Hjn tgrtr0 Vg~mk~a bht~g jed rgerctc}cts tgrtr ngmk~g cectcjtcke km tlg~jvs jed vg~ckdcbjhh s d~ceo tlg~jvs cm cedcbjtgd% Tlg~jvs ajs ng certcttgd vgedceo tgrt ~grhtr% Akectk~ vg~ckdcbjhh s NWE jed b~gjtceceg bhgj~jebg% Cervgbt CA jed C] ce`gbtcke rctgr


•

•

•

m~gzgeths mk~ rcoer km vlhgnctcr% ^gvk~t kergt km hkkrg rtkkhr k~ dcj~~lgj% Akectk~ mk~ ajecmgrtjt cker km lsvg~rgerc tc}cts% Dcrbketce g d~o jed ~gvk~t tlgc~ jvvgj~jeb g v~kavths% Akectk~ C-K ~jtgr

OGEG^CB EJAG

JBTCKE

N^JED EJAG

BHJRRCMCBJTCKE

CEDCBJTCKE

BKET^JCEDCBJTCK ER


Vj~tcjh b~krr! jhhg~ogecbcts ngtwgge ktlg~ ngtj! hjbtja jetcncktcbr jed bgvljhkrvk~ cer ljr ngge ~gvk~tgd%


•

•

•

OGEG^CB EJAG

JBTCKE

N^JED EJAG

BHJRRCMCBJTCKE

CEDCBJTCKE

BKET^JCEDCBJTCK ER


m~gzgeths mk~ rcoer km vlhgnctcr% ^gvk~t kergt km hkkrg rtkkhr k~ dcj~~lgj% Akectk~ mk~ ajecmgrtjt cker km lsvg~rgerc tc}cts% Dcrbketce g d~o jed ~gvk~t tlgc~ jvvgj~jeb g v~kavths% Akectk~ C-K ~jtgr jed vjttg~e0 Grvgbcjhhs cavk~tjet ce rg}g~ghs chh vjtcgetr ~gbgc}ceo lcol dkrgr% ^gvk~t jes


rcoecmcbjet bljeogr% Vjtcget Mjachs Gdwbjtcke • ^gvk~t hkkrg rtkkhr k~ dcj~~lgj v~kavths% • ^gvk~t jes rcoer k~ rsavtkar km lsvg~rgerc tc}cts

OGEG^CB EJAG

JBTCKE

N^JED EJAG

BHJRRCMCBJTCKE

CEDCBJTCKE

BKET^JCEDCBJTCK ER



rcoecmcbjet bljeogr% Vjtcget Mjachs Gdwbjtcke • ^gvk~t hkkrg rtkkhr k~ dcj~~lgj v~kavths% • ^gvk~t jes rcoer k~ rsavtkar km lsvg~rgerc tc}cts

CCC% J%

EW^RCEO CEO V^KBGRR V^KNHGA HCRT

DJTG KM KERGT

Ek}gang~ :7( >66=

EW^RCEO V^KNHGA

DJTG

DJTG

DJTG

CDGETCMCGD

^GRKH]GD

CEJBTC]G

Cegmmgbtc}g Ek}gang~ jc~wjs :7( >66= bhgj~jebg ~ghjtgd tk dcmmrg jc~wjs cemhjaajtck e

Ek}gang~ :7( >66=

Ek}gang~ :7( >66=

CCC% J%

EW^RCEO CEO V^KBGRR V^KNHGA HCRT

DJTG KM KERGT

EW^RCEO V^KNHGA

DJTG

DJTG

DJTG

CDGETCMCGD

^GRKH]GD

CEJBTC]G

Ek}gang~ :7( >66=

Cegmmgbtc}g Ek}gang~ jc~wjs :7( >66= bhgj~jebg ~ghjtgd tk dcmmrg jc~wjs cemhjaajtck e

Ek}gang~ :7( >66=

Ek}gang~ :7( >66=

Ek}gang~ >6( >66=

Cegmmgbtc}g jc~wjs bhgj~jebg ~ghjtgd tk rgb~gtcker ce tlg n~keblc

Ek}gang~ >6( >66=

Ek}gang~ >6( >66=

Ek}gang~ >6( >66=

^JTG

EW^RCEO V^KNHGAR CDGETCMCGD

BWGR

@WRTCMCBJTCKE

:

Cegmmgbtc}g jc~wjs bhgj~jebg ~ghjtgd tk dcmmrg jc~wjs cemhjaajtcke

CETG^JBTCKE0 Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd ‘Njok jik crokd dctk rj krvctjh( ejijhjeoljv jik ekke eo vjajtjs eo cvcr tjvkr rj njljs ejo!cergerk rchj ijsj cejtjig jik eo jrtlaj ik% Ejecicv ej jeo dcndcn ik tjvkr jse ej( rceokd ej echj jik dctk‑

Tlcr cr je jbtjh v~knhga tljt ~gzc~gr caagdcjtg jttgetcke% Ct cr tlg blcgm bkavhjcet km tlg vjtcget jed tlg ktlg~ e~rceo v~knhgar kbb~ ce ~ghjtcke tk tlg v~grgebg km tlcr v~knhga%

KNRG^]JTCKE0 Ke jed kmm dcmmcbhts km n~gjtlceo ,DKN#% Vjtcget hkkir ~grthgrregrr( vjhg wgji AGJRW^GAGET ^grvc~jtk~s ^jtg0 >2 n~gjtlr vg~ acetg

^JTG

EW^RCEO V^KNHGAR CDGETCMCGD

>


BWGR

CETG^JBTCKE Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd( ‘Lcedc ik ajchjnjr jeo vhgaj ik eojske‑ ‘Ejijijlceoj ejaje jik vg~k agdsk lc~jv‑ KNRG^]JTCKE Dcmmcbhts }kbjhcpceo _lggpgr jt ~colt heo mcghd Vjhg AGJRW^GAGET ^grvc~jtk~s ^jtg0 >: n~gjtlr vg~ acetg

@WRTCMCBJTCKE

Tlcr cr je jbtjh v~knhga wlcbl cr je gmmgbt km tlg v~ck~ctcpgd v~knhga jnk}g% Cetg~}getcker j~g j}jchjnhg jed vkrrcnhg mk~ tlcr v~knhga

N% EW^RCEO BJ^G VHJE BWGR

CETG^JBTCKE Tlg bhcget }g~njhcpgd( ‘Lcedc ik ajchjnjr jeo vhgaj ik eojske‑ ‘Ejijijlceoj ejaje jik vg~k agdsk lc~jv‑

EW^RCEO DCJOEKRCR


KNRG^]JTCK E Dcmmcbhts }kbjhcpceo _lggpgr jt ~colt heo mcghd Vjhg

CAAGDCJTG BJWRG Rgb~gtcker ce tlg n~keblc CETGÂGDCJT G BJWRG Bket~jbtcke km tlg n~keblcjh rakktl arbhg tljt gebc~bhgr tlg jc~wjsr ,n~keblkrvjra # ^KKT BJWRG Dcmmrg jc~wjs cemhjaajtcke

OKJHR JED KN@GBTC]GR

EW^RCEO DCJOEKRCR

JEJHSRCR+ LGJHTL CAVHCBJTCKE km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4tl gdctcke vjog <><# Rljhhkw ~grvc~jtcker celcnct nktl dcjvl~joajtcb g|b~rcke jed heo dcrtgercnchcts% Tlg ~grht km cejdgzjtg blgrt g|vjercke cr vkkhceo km ~grvc~jtk~s rgb~gtcker( wlcbl htcajtghs lj~nk~ acb~kk~ojecra r jed v~kaktg

EW^RCEO CETG^]GETCKER

^JTCKEJHG

G]JHWJTCKE

OKJH0 Jmtg~ < lk~r km rlcmt( A~r% ]get~j wchh ng jnhg tk g|vgbtk~jtg+ bhgj~ rgb~gtcker ~gjdchs KN@GBTC]GR

,:# V~k}cdg jed tgjbl tlg bhcget tlg cavk~tjebg km jdgzjtg lsd~jtcke

LGJHTL CAVHCBJTCKE ^gtjcegd rgb~gtcker ceb~gjrgd tlg wk~i n~gjtlceo jed ajs bket~cntg tk jtghgbtjrcr jtghgbtjrcr jed lsvk|gacj% ,Medjagetjhr

AGJRW^GAG ET ^grvc~jtk~s ^jtg0 >: n~gjtlr vg~ acetg

BWGR

JEJHSRCR+ LGJHTL CAVHCBJTCKE

j% Gebk~jog mhcd ,>(666! 2(666ah+djs# wctlce hg}gh km bj~dcjb tkhg~jebg

n% Akectk~ bhcget–r cevt jed ktvt



b% J}kcd achi jed achi v~kdbtr

,># Vkrctcke jed gebk~jog bhcget tk bkol tk v~kaktg aknchcpjtcke km rgb~gtcker

j% Dggv n~gjtlceo g}g~s > lk~r

Jdgzjtg lsd~jtcke tlcer rgb~gtcker( wlcbl v~g}getr abr m~ka vhooceo jc~wjsr% ,Medjagetjh r km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4 tl gdctcke vjog <=:# G}jhjtg lsd~jtcke rtjtr km

GMMGBTC]GEGRR :% _jr tlg bhcget jnhg tk v~kaktg rsrtgacb mhcd lsd~jtcke; sgr [[ek 

>% _jr tlg bhcget jnhg tk bkol tk aknchcpg tlg rgb~gtcker sgr [[ek wls; 

2% _jr tlg bhcget jnhg tk ng akectk~ ~goj~dceo tk lcr ~grvc~jtk~s mebtckeceo; sgr [[ek wls; 

^JTCKEJHG

G]JHWJTCKE

bhcget ,Medjagetjh r km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4 tl gdctcke vjog <=:#

GMMCBCGEBS _jr tlg cetg~}getcker dkeg wctlce tlg tcag m~jag; sgr [[ek wls;

Achi v~kdbtr tged tk tlcbiger rgb~gtcker



JVV^KV^CJTGEG RR _g~g tlg cetg~}getcker rctjnhg tk tlg bhcget; sgr [[ek wls; 

n% Lmm bkolceo

Tk mjbchctjtg heo jg~jtcke( tlg~gns v~g}getceo jtghgbtjrcr jed vegakecj ,Medjagetjh r km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl

JBBGRRCNCHCTS _g~g tlg cetg~}getcker jbbgvtjnhg tk tlg bhcget; sgr [[ek wls; 

BWGR

BWGR

EW^RCEO DCJOEKRCR

EW^RCEO DCJOEKRCR

JEJHSRCR+ LGJHTL CAVHCBJTCKE km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4tl gdctcke vjog <><# Rljhhkw ~grvc~jtcker celcnct nktl dcjvl~joajtcb g|b~rcke jed heo dcrtgercnchcts% Tlg ~grht km cejdgzjtg blgrt g|vjercke cr vkkhceo km ~grvc~jtk~s rgb~gtcker( wlcbl htcajtghs lj~nk~ acb~kk~ojecra r jed v~kaktg cemgbtcke ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke vjog :26:# Abr tljt cr lj~d tk g|vgbtk~jtg v~kaktgr

JEJHSRCR+ LGJHTL CAVHCBJTCKE cemgbtcke ngbjrg tlg njbtg~cj ct t~jvr lj}g tcag tk ahtcvhs% Abkr vhor ce tlg jc~wjsr bje hgjd tk jtghgbtjrcr jtghgbtjrcr jed dgb~gjrgd k|sogejtcke ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4tl gdctcke vjog <>?#



b% J}kcd achi jed achi v~kdbtr

,># Vkrctcke jed gebk~jog bhcget tk bkol tk v~kaktg aknchcpjtcke km rgb~gtcker

j% Dggv n~gjtlceo g}g~s > lk~r

^JTCKEJHG

G]JHWJTCKE

bhcget ,Medjagetjh r km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4 tl gdctcke vjog <=:#

GMMCBCGEBS _jr tlg cetg~}getcker dkeg wctlce tlg tcag m~jag; sgr [[ek wls;

Achi v~kdbtr tged tk tlcbiger rgb~gtcker

JVV^KV^CJTGEG RR _g~g tlg cetg~}getcker rctjnhg tk tlg bhcget; sgr [[ek wls; 

n% Lmm bkolceo

Tk mjbchctjtg heo jg~jtcke( tlg~gns v~g}getceo jtghgbtjrcr jed vegakecj ,Medjagetjh r km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke vjog 362# V~g}get jc~wjs bkhhjvrg ,Medjagetjh r km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4 tl





^JTCKEJHG

gdctcke vjog <=:# Tlcr tgbleczg lghvr iggv sk~ jc~wjs kvge wlchg ak}ceo rgb~gtcker v jed kt km tlg b% Jrrcrt bhcget heor% tk j rcttceo ,Medjagetjh vkrctcke wctl r km E~rceo lgjd rhcolths ns Ikpcg~( ?tl mhg|gd( gdctcke vjog rlkhdg~r :262# ~ghj|gd( jed ieggr mhg|gd Hsceo mhjt bjrgr tlg jndkacejh k~ojer tk rlcmt tkwj~d tlg blgrt( b~kwdceo tlg

JBBGRRCNCHCTS _g~g tlg cetg~}getcker jbbgvtjnhg tk tlg bhcget; sgr [[ek wls; 

JDGZWJBS _g~g tlg cetg~}getcker jdgzjtg tk aggt tlg bhcget–r eggdr; sgr [[ek wls; 

G]JHWJTCKE

BWGR

BWGR

EW^RCEO DCJOEKRCR

EW^RCEO DCJOEKRCR

JEJHSRCR+ LGJHTL CAVHCBJTCKE cemgbtcke ngbjrg tlg njbtg~cj ct t~jvr lj}g tcag tk ahtcvhs% Abkr vhor ce tlg jc~wjsr bje hgjd tk jtghgbtjrcr jtghgbtjrcr jed dgb~gjrgd k|sogejtcke ,Medjagetjhr km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4tl gdctcke vjog <>?#





^JTCKEJHG

G]JHWJTCKE

gdctcke vjog <=:# Tlcr tgbleczg lghvr iggv sk~ jc~wjs kvge wlchg ak}ceo rgb~gtcker v jed kt km tlg b% Jrrcrt bhcget heor% tk j rcttceo ,Medjagetjh vkrctcke wctl r km E~rceo lgjd rhcolths ns Ikpcg~( ?tl mhg|gd( gdctcke vjog rlkhdg~r :262# ~ghj|gd( jed ieggr mhg|gd Hsceo mhjt bjrgr tlg jndkacejh k~ojer tk rlcmt tkwj~d tlg blgrt( b~kwdceo tlg heor jed ajiceo ct ak~g dcmmcbht tk n~gjtlg ,Medjagetjh r km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke vjog :2>?# Vg~actr dggv

,2# ^grvc~jtk~s akectk~ceo


j% Akectk~ ~jtg( ~lstla( dgvtl( jed gmmk~t km ~grvc~jtcker

n% Akectk~ bhcget–r jnchcts tk bkol gmmgbtc}ghs

^JTCKEJHG

cervc~jtcke jed mk~bgmh jndkacejh bket~jbtcker egbgrrj~s mk~ bkolceo ,Medjagetjh r km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4 tl gdctcke vjog <=:# V~k}cdg njrcr mk~ g}jhjtceo jdgzjbs km }getchjtcke ,Medjagetjh r km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke vjog :2>?# ^grvc~jtk~s

G]JHWJTCKE

BWGR

EW^RCEO DCJOEKRCR



,2# ^grvc~jtk~s akectk~ceo


j% Akectk~ ~jtg( ~lstla( dgvtl( jed gmmk~t km ~grvc~jtcker

n% Akectk~ bhcget–r jnchcts tk bkol gmmgbtc}ghs

^JTCKEJHG

G]JHWJTCKE

cervc~jtcke jed mk~bgmh jndkacejh bket~jbtcker egbgrrj~s mk~ bkolceo ,Medjagetjh r km E~rceo ns B~j}ge jed Lc~ehg( 4 tl gdctcke vjog <=:# V~k}cdg njrcr mk~ g}jhjtceo jdgzjbs km }getchjtcke ,Medjagetjh r km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke vjog :2>?# ^grvc~jtk~s t~jbt cemgbtcker jhtg~ tlg jaket jed blj~jbtg~ km rgb~gtcker% Je cegmmgbtc}g bkol bkav~kacrgr jc~wjs

BWGR

EW^RCEO DCJOEKRCR




b% Certcttg ~grvc~jtk~s tlg~jvs t~gjtagetr ,g%o% egnhcpg~# jr eggdgd

^JTCKEJHG

bhgj~jebg jed v~g}get abr m~ka ngceo g|vghhgd ,Medjagetjh r km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke vjog :2>?# J }j~cgts km ~grvc~jtk~s tlg~jvs t~gjtagetr ajs ng rgd tk kvge bkert~cbtgd jc~wjsr jed hczgms rgb~gtcker ,Medjagetjh r km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl

G]JHWJTCKE

BWGR

EW^RCEO DCJOEKRCR




b% Certcttg ~grvc~jtk~s tlg~jvs t~gjtagetr ,g%o% egnhcpg~# jr eggdgd

^JTCKEJHG

G]JHWJTCKE

bhgj~jebg jed v~g}get abr m~ka ngceo g|vghhgd ,Medjagetjh r km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke vjog :2>?# J }j~cgts km ~grvc~jtk~s tlg~jvs t~gjtagetr ajs ng rgd tk kvge bkert~cbtgd jc~wjsr jed hczgms rgb~gtcker ,Medjagetjh r km E~rceo ns Ikpcg~( ?tl gdctcke vjog :2><#

B% DCRBLJÔG VHJEECEO AGDCBJTCKE Μ Bketceg agdcbjtcker v~grb~cngd ns tlg vlsrcbcje Μ Rjhntjakh0 Jdht0 VK >‒4 ao 2‒4 tcagr+djs( 4‒< ao rrtjcegd ~ghgjrg > tcagr+djs Celjhgd :‒> celjhjtcker z4‒=l G\G^BCRG Μ Dggv n~gjtlceo jed Bkolceo G|g~bcrg T^GJTAGET Μ Bketceg agdcbjtcker v~grb~cngd ns tlg vlsrcbcje% Μ V~k}cdg jdgzjtg ~grt vg~ckdr LGJHTL TGJBLCEOR Μ Tgjbl tlg bhcget tk dk v~rg!hcv n~gjtlceo jed ~ghj|jtcke

B% DCRBLJÔG VHJEECEO AGDCBJTCKE Μ Bketceg agdcbjtcker v~grb~cngd ns tlg vlsrcbcje Μ Rjhntjakh0 Jdht0 VK >‒4 ao 2‒4 tcagr+djs( 4‒< ao rrtjcegd ~ghgjrg > tcagr+djs Celjhgd :‒> celjhjtcker z4‒=l G\G^BCRG Μ Dggv n~gjtlceo jed Bkolceo G|g~bcrg T^GJTAGET Μ Bketceg agdcbjtcker v~grb~cngd ns tlg vlsrcbcje% Μ V~k}cdg jdgzjtg ~grt vg~ckdr LGJHTL TGJBLCEOR Μ Tgjbl tlg bhcget tk dk v~rg!hcv n~gjtlceo jed ~ghj|jtcke tgbleczgr Μ Ajcetjce j drt!m~gg ge}c~keaget Μ ^gdbg g|vkr~g tk vkhhge KWT VJTCGET MKHHK_!WV Μ Ektcms tlg lgjhtl bj~g v~k}cdg~ wlge ~grvc~jtk~s cemgbtcke kbb~r Μ Ajig jvv~kv~cjtg ~gmg~~jhr tk lkag lgjhtl jogebcgr mk~ jrrcrtjebg ce kntjceceo agdcbjh jed jrrcrtc}g gzcvaget DCGT Μ Lsvkjhhg~ogecb Dcgt Μ Ceb~gjrgd mhcd cetjig tk tlce n~keblcjh rgb~gtcker

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