BS 1834 1999.pdf

I S B ) c ( , 3 0 : 2 0 0 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 9 0 f o s a t c e r r o c n o i s r e V , m a h g n i t t o N f o y t i s r e v i n U , s n e h t a m a h g n i t t o n : y p o c d e s n e c i L

BRITISH STANDARD

Short link chain for lifting purposes Ð General conditions of acceptance

ICS 53.020.30

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

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BS ISO 1834:1999

I BS ISO 1834:1999 S B ) c ( , 3 0 : 2 0 0 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 9 0 f o s a t c e r r o c n o i s r e V , m a h g n i t t o N f o y t i s r e v i n U , s n e h t a m a h This British Standard, having g been prepared under the n direction of the Engineering i t t Sector Committee, was published o under the authority of the n Standards Committee and comes November 1999 : into effect on 15 November y p o © BSI 11-1999 c d e s n e c ISBN 0 580 35559 4 i L

National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 1834:1999 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/1, Chains and fittings, which has the responsibility to: Ð aid enquirers enquirers to understa understand nd the text; text; Ð present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organiza organizations tions represen represented ted on this committee committee can be obtained obtained on request request to its secretary. Cross-references

The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard Standard does not purport purport to include include all the necessary necessary provisions provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Complian Compliance ce wit h a British British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.

Amendmen Amen dments ts issued since publicat ion

Amd. Amd. No.

Date

Comment Commentss


INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

ISO 1834 Second edition 1999-10-15

Short link chain for lifting purposes — General conditions of acceptance Chaîne de levage à maillons courts — Conditions générales de réception

A

Reference number ISO 1834:1999(E)

IISO 1834:1999(E) S B ) c ( , 3 0 : 2 0 Contents 0 1 01 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 2 / 02 Normative references ..............................................................................................................................................1 1 / 93 Terms and definitions .............................................................................................................................................1 0 f o4 Dimensions...............................................................................................................................................................3 s a4.1 Material diameter ..................................................................................................................................................3 t c 4.2 Other link dimensions ..........................................................................................................................................3 e r r o5 Material, heat treatment and manufacture ............................................................................................................3 c n5.1 Material .................................................................................................................................................................. 3 o i s r5.2 Heat treatment.......................................................................................................................................................3 e V ,5.3 Manufacture...........................................................................................................................................................3 m a5.4 Surface condition..................................................................................................................................................5 h g5.5 Manufacturing proof force (MPF) ........................................................................................................................ 5 n i t t5.6 Links inserted in the course of manufacture..................................................................................................... 6 o N f5.7 Breaking force (BF) and total ultimate elongation ( A).......................................................................................6 o y5.8 Bend ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6 t i s r6 Test requirements....................................................................................................................................................6 e v6.1 Condition of chain tested.....................................................................................................................................6 i n U ,6.2 Selection of samples ............................................................................................................................................6 s n6.3 Static tensile test .................................................................................................................................................. 7 e h t6.4 Bend test................................................................................................................................................................ 7 a 6.5 Acceptance criteria...............................................................................................................................................8 m a h6.6 Re-tests..................................................................................................................................................................8 g n i t t7 Marking ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 o n : y p o c d e s n e c i L ii


ISO 1834:1999(E)

7.1 Grade marking ......................................................................................................................................................9 7.2 Additional marking ............................................................................................................................................... 9 8 Manufacturer’s certificate....................................................................................................................................... 9 Annex A (normative) Requirements for chain testing machines ......................................................................... 10 Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................. 12

iii

IISO 1834:1999(E) S B ) c ( , 3 0 : 2 0 Foreword 0 1 0ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO 2 /member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical 0committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has 1 /the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in 9liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical 0Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. f o sInternational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. a tDraft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. cPublication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. e r r oInternational Standard ISO 1834 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 111, Round steel link chains, chain cslings, components and accessories , Subcommittee SC 1, Chains and chain slings. n oThis second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 1834:1980), which has been technically revised. i s r eAnnex A forms a normative part of this International Standard. V , m a h g n i t t o N f o y t i s r e v i n U , s n e h t a m a h g n i t t o n : y p o c d e s n e c i L iv


ISO 1834:1999(E)

Introduction Chains covered by this International Standard are divided into grades which relate to the mechanical properties of the finished product and not simply to the strength of the material. Each grade is identified by a letter for fine tolerance chain or number for medium tolerance chain in the series: M(4), P(5), S(6), T(8), V(10). The letter or number indicates the mean stress at the minimum breaking force as shown in Table 1. Table 1 — Basis of grade symbols Grade

Mean stress at the specified minimum breaking force

Fine tolerance

Medium tolerance

N/mm2

M

4

400

P

5

500

S

6

630

T

8

800

V

10

1 000

NOTE Chains of these grades may all not be the subjects of International Standards.

The stresses in a chain link are not uniform and at the extrados, particularly at the crown, the maximum fibre stress is considerably greater than the mean stress obtained by dividing the force by the total cross-sectional area of both legs of the link. Attention is drawn to the fact that repairs to chain should be carried out in accordance with ISO 3056, in the case of medium tolerance chain, and ISO 7592, in the case of fine tolerance chain. This grading system has also been applied to hooks, links, shackles and other accessories, indicating their strength compatibility with the appropriate grade of chain.

v



INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

ISO 1834:1999(E)

Short link chain for lifting purposes — General conditions of acceptance

1 Scope This International Standard specifies the general conditions of acceptance for electrically welded round steel short link chain for lifting purposes. It includes medium tolerance chain for use in chain slings and for general lifting purposes, and fine tolerance chain for use with chain hoists and other similar lifting appliances. It is applicable to short link lifting chain in accordance with ISO 1835, ISO 3075, ISO 3076 and ISO 3077.

2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 1835:—1), Short link chain for lifting purposes — Grade M(4), non-calibrated, for chain slings, etc. ISO 3075:—2), Short link chain for lifting purposes — Grade S(6), non-calibrated, for chain slings, etc. ISO 3076:—3), Short link chain for lifting purposes — Grade T(8), non-calibrated, for chain slings, etc. ISO 3077:—4), Short link chain for lifting purposes — Grade T(8), calibrated, for chain hoists and other lifting appliances. ISO 7500-1:1999, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Tension/compression testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system.

Part

1:

3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 nominal size d n

nominal diameter of the round section steel wire or bar from which the chain is made

1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 1835:1980) 2) To be published. (Revision of ISO 3075:1980) 3) To be published. (Revision of ISO 3076:1984) 4) To be published. (Revision of ISO 3077:1984)

1

IISO 1834:1999(E) S B ) c ( ,3.2 3material diameter 0 :d m 2diameter of the material in the chain link as measured 0 03.3 1weld diameter 0 d w 2 /measured diameter of the material at the weld (type 1 welded chain) or weld dimension perpendicular to the plane 0 1 /of the link (type 2 welded chain) 9 03.4 flength dimensionally affected by welding oe slength on either side of the centre of the link, affected by welding a t c3.5 e pitch r r p ointernal length of a link as measured c n o3.6 i manufacturing proof force s rMPF e force to which during manufacture the whole of the chain is subjected V , 3.7 m abreaking force hBF gmaximum force which the chain withstands during the course of a static tensile test to destruction n i t t3.8 o working load limit N fWLL omaximum mass which the chain hanging vertically is authorized to sustain in general lifting service y t i 3.9 s rtotal ultimate elongation e v A i ntotal extension at the point of fracture of the chain expressed as a percentage of the internal length of the test sample U , s3.10 nprocessing e any treatment of the chain subsequent to welding h t a EXAMPLES heat treatment, polishing or dimensional calibration. m a3.11 hlot g nspecified quantity from which test sample(s) is/are selected i t t o3.12 ncompetent person :designated person, suitably trained qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and with the necessary y pinstructions to enable the required tests and examination to be carried out o cNOTE ISO 9002:1994, 4.18 gives guidance on training. d e s n e c i L 2


ISO 1834:1999(E)

4 Dimensions 4.1 Material diameter The material diameter of any section of a finished link shall be equal to the nominal size, within the tolerances stated in the International Standard for the particular chain. It shall be taken as the mean of two measurements of the section at right angles in the same plane. The measurements shall be made away from the weld and on the straight side of the link to avoid the effect of measuring any flattening of the section, due to contact with the forming mandrel.

4.2 Other link dimensions The length and the width of a chain link, and the pitch and length of a number of links of fine tolerance chain, shall be as specified in the International Standard for that particular chain.

5 Material, heat treatment and manufacture 5.1 Material The material shall conform to the requirements of the International Standard for the particular chain. Within these limitations, the manufacturer shall select a steel such that the finished chain, complies with the mechanical properties specified in the International Standard for the particular chain.

5.2 Heat treatment All chain shall be subjected to the heat treatment specified in the International Standard for the particular chains before the application of the manufacturing proof force.

5.3 Manufacture 5.3.1 Workmanship The weld, which may be of the smooth or asymmetric type shall be positioned in the centre of the link as shown in Figure 1. The material affected dimensionally by welding shall not extend on either side of the centre of the leg more than the amount specified in the International Standard for the particular chain. The weld metal shall nowhere be displaced so that it undercuts the contours of the link (see Figure 2).

3

IISO 1834:1999(E) S B ) c ( , 3 0 : 2 0 0 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 9 0 f o s a t c e r r o c n o i s r e V , m a h g n i t t o N f o y t i s r e v i n U , s n e h t a m a h = length affected by welding, on either side of e gl = multiple pitch length n = pitch (internal link length) the centre link p i t td m = measured diameter of the material, except at the weld W 1 = internal link width away from the weld od w = measured diameter of the material at the weld (type 1) W 2 = external link width away from the weld n or weld dimension perpendicular to the plane W 3 = external link width over the weld : of the link (type 2) W 4 = internal link width at the weld y pG = dimension in other planes as per individual chain o specification (type 2) c d Figure 1 — Types of weld finish and link dimensions e s n e c i L 4


ISO 1834:1999(E)

Figure 2 — Undercut at weld (not permissible) 5.3.2 Finish 5.3.2.1 Smooth welded chain The fins caused by welding shall be removed. 5.3.2.2 Asymmetric welded chain The fins caused by welding shall be removed from the outside of the link surface leaving the projection on the inside.

5.4 Surface condition The "finished" condition (see 6.1) for chain shall include the surface coating, if any.

5.5 Manufacturing proof force (MPF) After heat treatment and complete processing, the finished chain shall be subjected to the manufacturing proof force specified in the International Standard for that particular chain. The testing machine shall conform to the requirements given in annex A. The chain shall be placed in the testing machine without twisting. After the force is withdrawn, the chain shall be carefully examined by the competent person and any faulty links replaced (see 5.6). The chain shall articulate freely when manipulated by the examiner. Where surface finishing processes are used which involve the risk of chain embrittlement, e.g. acid cleaning or electroplating, the manufacturing proof force shall be re-applied in the finished condition. Adequate facilities shall be provided, with suitable lighting, for the purpose of examining the chains after they have been subjected to the proof force.

5

IISO 1834:1999(E) S B ) c ( ,5.6 Links inserted in the course of manufacture 3 0 :Any links which have been inserted shall be processed to ensure that every link in the finished chain is in the same 2condition. If links have been inserted after the application of the manufacturing proof force (see 5.5), that portion of 0the chain affected by such processing shall then be again subjected to the manufacturing proof force and re 0examined. 1 0 2 /5.7 Breaking force (BF) and total ultimate elongation ( A) 0 1 /The breaking force and total ultimate elongation of chain in the finished condition shall at least meet the 9requirements specified in the International Standard for the particular chain. 0 f5.8 Bend o s aThe minimum bend resistance of links of chain in the finished condition shall be as specified in the International tStandard for the particular chain. c e r r o6 Test requirements c n6.1 Condition of chain tested o i s rThe chain shall be tested in the finished condition. It shall be clean and free from oil and grease. e V This requirement for the test condition is not intended to prohibit the application of a temporary protective coating ,NOTE prior to dispatch. m a h6.2 Selection of samples g nThe following sampling arrangements shall apply to the chain. i t t oa) For sampling purposes the chains shall be divided into lots. The length of the lot shall be as specified in the N International Standard for the particular type and grade of chain. f o yb) Static tensile tests: the number of samples taken from each lot of finished chains or part thereof shall be as t given in Table 2. i s r ec) Bend tests: the number of samples taken from each lot of finished chains or part thereof shall be as given in v Table 2. i n U Table 2 — Number of samples , s n Nominal size Number of e samples h t d n a 3 d n  6 mm m a h 6 mm  d n  16 mm 2 g n i 1 d n  16 mm t t o For bend test samples where two welding heads are n employed there shall be a minimum of one sample per : welding head/plane. y p o c d e s n e c i L 6


ISO 1834:1999(E)

6.3 Static tensile test 6.3.1 Apparatus The testing machine shall conform to the requirements of annex A. 6.3.2 Tensile test samples Test samples shall consist of a minimum of five links. Two additional links may be required to engage the jaws of the testing machine unless this is done by half-links or a similar method; these additional links shall not be taken into account when determining total elongation. 6.3.3 Procedure Carry out the tensile test using an autographic recorder to produce a force/extension graph (see annex A). Grip the chain shall be gripped in such a manner that the links can be freely loaded. The grips shall be designed 2 and constructed so that slip does not occur. Apply the load smoothly (for example at a rate of 10 N/mm s) until fracture occurs. 6.3.4 Breaking force The breaking force shall be recorded. 6.3.5 Ultimate elongation The total ultimate elongation shall be based on the total extension at fracture, shown in the force/extension graph (see Figure A.1). It shall then be expressed as a percentage of the nominal internal length, i.e. the sum of pitches calculated from the gauge lengths. The minimum total ultimate elongation A shall be calculated according to: A =

D Lt

Ln

× 100 %

where Ln

is the multiple pitch length for the number of links: Ln = npn and pn = 3d n; n

= number of links;

pn

= nominal pitch;

∆ Lt = Lt – L0

Lt

is the measured internal length of sample at fracture;

L0

is the nominal internal length of sample prior to test.

6.4 Bend test 6.4.1 Apparatus The bend test equipment shall conform to Figure 3, where the included angle of the V-block shall be 90 ° and the diameter of the mandrel shall be twice the nominal size of the chain (d n) to be tested.

7

IISO 1834:1999(E) S B ) c ( , 3 0 : 2 0 0 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 9 0 f o s a t c e r r o c n o i s r e V , m a Figure 3 — Bend test equipment h g6.4.2 Procedure n i t tEach single link shall be bent in a shock-free manner as in 6.4.1, in the bend test equipment, and shall conform with o the acceptance criteria specified in 6.5 and in the International Standard for the particular chain. N f o6.5 Acceptance criteria y t i The following acceptance criteria apply to both the static tensile and bend test requirements. s r eFor nominal sizes of chain up to and including 6 mm, where three test samples shall be tested, if two or more fail to v i nmeet the individual test requirements in the appropriate International Standard for the particular chain, the lot shall be deemed not to comply with this International Standard. If only one test sample fails to meet the individual test U ,requirements in the appropriate International Standard, the re-test procedure given in 6.6 may be applied. s nFor nominal sizes of chain over 6 mm up to and including 16 mm, where two test samples shall be tested, if both the e samples fail to meet the individual test requirements in the appropriate International Standard for the particular h ttest chain, the lot shall be deemed not to comply with this standard. If one test sample fails to meet the individual test a requirements the re-test procedure given in 6.6 may be applied. m a hFor nominal sizes of chain over 16 mm only one test sample shall be tested. If the test sample fails to meet the gindividual test requirements in the appropriate International Standard for the particular type and grade of chain, the nre-test procedure in 6.6 may be applied. i t t o6.6 Re-tests n : yShould one sample fail to fulfil the individual requirements of the appropriate International Standard for the particular pchain, two further samples may be selected, at the request of the manufacturer, from the same lot of chain for re otesting. When a re-test is carried out the lot shall be deemed to comply with the individual test requirements only if c dboth the additional tests are satisfactory. e s n e c i L 8


ISO 1834:1999(E)

7 Marking 7.1 Grade marking The grade mark shall be the capital letter in the case of fine tolerance chain, or number, in the case of medium tolerance chain, designating the grade of chain. It shall be legibly stamped or embossed on at least every twentieth link, or links at intervals of 1 m, whichever is the lesser distance. The height of marks shall be 2 mm or 25 % of the nominal size of the chain, whichever is the greater. Stamps, if used, shall have a concave surface and the indentation shall be such as to not impair the mechanical properties of the chain link.

7.2 Additional marking Any lot or other marking, e.g. manufacturer’s mark or symbol shall be either: a)

in the same manner and at the same intervals as for grade marking (see 7.1); or

b)

legibly stamped or embossed on all end links of chain(s) or on idle links or on metal tags, or on links permanently attached to the end links.

8 Manufacturer’s certificate The manufacturer shall supply a certificate of test and examination with every supply of chain. The certificate shall provide at least the following information: a)

the name and address of the manufacturer or his authorized representative, including date of issue of the certificate and authentication;

b)

number of the International Standard;

c)

quantity and description;

d)

identification;

e)

nominal size, in millimetres;

f)

manufacturing proof force, in kilonewtons;

g)

breaking force, in kilonewtons (i.e. certification that the specified minimum breaking force was met or exceeded;

h)

total ultimate elongation at fracture, (i.e. certification that the specified minimum total ultimate elongation has been met or exceeded).

NOTE

Other additional information may be required for statutory purposes in certain countries.

9

IISO 1834:1999(E) S B ) c ( , Annex A 3 0 (normative) : 2 0 0 Requirements for chain testing machines 1 0 2 / 0 1 /The stroke of the straining mechanism in relation to the length of chain tested shall be sufficient for the full force to 9be applied without the need for taking a fresh hold. 0 f oThe machine shall be calibrated and certified in accordance with ISO 7500-1 and conform to grade 1,0 conditions of saccuracy. In no case shall the tolerance of the machine exceed ± 1,5 % of the force applied. a tMachines shall be verified and adjusted as necessary by a competent, independent person at intervals not c exceeding one year. e r r oA signed certificate of the last examination shall be displayed prominently near the machine. c nThe machine used for the static tensile test described in 6.3 shall be provided with an autographic recorder enabling oa force/extension graph to be taken during the test (see 6.3.3 and Figure A.1). i s r e V , m a h g n i t t o N f o y t i s r e v i n U , s n e h t a m a h g n i t t o n : y p o c d e s n e c i L 10


ISO 1834:1999(E)

NOTE The purpose of the above diagram is to illustrate the terms used; the shape of the curve is schematic and it is not intended to relate to any particular grade of chain. a

Breaking force (BF)

b

Specified minimum breaking force (BF min.)

c

Manufacturing proof force (MPF)

d

Working load limit (WLL)

e

Total extension at fracture (∆ Lt)

Figure A.1 — Force/extension diagram

11

IISO 1834:1999(E) S B ) c ( , Bibliography 3 0 : 2 0 0[1] ISO 3056: 1986, Non-calibrated round steel link lifting chain and chain slings — Use and maintenance. 1 0[2] ISO 7592: 1983, Calibrated round steel link lifting chains — Guidelines to proper use and maintenance. 2 / 0[3] ISO 9002:1994, Quality systems — Model for quality assurance in production, installation and servicing. 1 / 9 0 f o s a t c e r r o c n o i s r e V , m a h g n i t t o N f o y t i s r e v i n U , s n e h t a m a h g n i t t o n : y p o c d e s n e c i L 12


I BS ISO S 1834:1999 B ) c ( , 3 0 : 2 0 0 1 0 2 / 0 1 / 9 0 f o s a t c e r r o c n o i s r e V , m a h g n i t t o N f o y t i s r e v i n U , s n e h t a m a h g n i t t o n : y p BSI o 389 Chiswick High Road c d London e W4 4AL s n e c i L

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BS 1834 1999.pdf

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