[BS ISO 16311-1] -- Maintenance and repair of concrete structures. Part 1. General principles.pdf

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ISO 6848-2004

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Draft for Public Comment

DPC: 11 / 302

BSI Group Headquarters 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL

Date: 29 Origin: In

Tel: + 44 (0)20 (0)20 8996 8996 9000 Fax: + 44 (0)20 (0)20 8996 8996 7400 www.bsigroup.com

Latest date for receipt of comments: 30 September 2011

Project No. 2

Responsible committee: B/517/8 Protection and repair of concrete structures Interested committees:

Title: Title:

Draft BS BS ISO ISO 16311 16311-1 -1 Mainte Maintenan nance ce and and repair repair of con concrete crete struc structures tures Part 1: General principles

Supersession information: If you are aware of a current national standard which may be affected, please n secretary (contact details below).

WARNING: THIS IS A DRAFT AND MUST NOT BE REGARDED OR USED AS A BRITISH ST THIS DRAFT IS NOT CURRENT BEYOND 30 September 2011  Sign up to vote on this title This draft is issued to allow comments from interested parties; all comments will be given consideration  Useful  Not useful for information on the submissio publication. No acknowledgement will normally be sent. See overleaf comments. No copying is allowed, in any form, without prior written permission from BSI except as permitted unde

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Introduction This draft standard is based on international discussions in which the UK has taken an active part. Your on this draft are invited and will assist in the preparation of the consequent standard. Comments submitte reviewed by the relevant BSI committee before sending the consensus UK vote and comments to the inte secretariat, which will then decide appropriate action on the draft and the comments received.

If the international standard is approved, it is possible the text will be published as an identical British S

UK Vote Please indicate whether you consider the UK should submit a negative (with reasons) or positive vote on

Submission of Comments - The guidance given below is intended to ensure that all comments receive efficient and appropriate atten responsible BSI committee. Annotated drafts are not acceptable and will be rejected.

- All comments must be submitted, preferably electronically, to the Responsible Committee Secretary at th given on the front cover. Comments should be compatible with version 6.0 or version 97 of Microsof Windows, if possible; otherwise comments in ASCII text format are acceptable. Any comments not s electronically should still adhere to these format requirements.

- All comments submitted should be presented as given given in the example below. Fur Further ther information on su comments and how to obtain a blank electronic version of a comment form are available from the BSI http://www.bsigroup.com/en/Standards-and-Publications/Current-work/DPCs/  Sign up to vote on this title

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ISO 6848-2004

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Introduction This draft standard is based on international discussions in which the UK has taken an active part. Your on this draft are invited and will assist in the preparation of the consequent standard. Comments submitte reviewed by the relevant BSI committee before sending the consensus UK vote and comments to the inte secretariat, which will then decide appropriate action on the draft and the comments received.

If the international standard is approved, it is possible the text will be published as an identical British S

UK Vote Please indicate whether you consider the UK should submit a negative (with reasons) or positive vote on

Submission of Comments - The guidance given below is intended to ensure that all comments receive efficient and appropriate atten responsible BSI committee. Annotated drafts are not acceptable and will be rejected.

- All comments must be submitted, preferably electronically, to the Responsible Committee Secretary at th given on the front cover. Comments should be compatible with version 6.0 or version 97 of Microsof Windows, if possible; otherwise comments in ASCII text format are acceptable. Any comments not s electronically should still adhere to these format requirements.

- All comments submitted should be presented as given given in the example below. Fur Further ther information on su comments and how to obtain a blank electronic version of a comment form are available from the BSI http://www.bsigroup.com/en/Standards-and-Publications/Current-work/DPCs/  Sign up to vote on this title

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ISO 6848-2004

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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 16311-1 ISO/TC 71/SC 71/SC 7

Secretariat: KATS

Voting begins on 2011-06-24

Voting terminates on 2011-11-24

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION

•

МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ

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ORGANISATION INTERNATION

Maintenance aintenance and repair of concrete conc rete structu res — Part 1: General eneral p rinc iples Entretien et réparation des structures en béton — Partie 1: Principes généraux

ICS 91.100.30

In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 15/1993 this docu ment is circul the English language only.

Conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document distribué en version anglaise seulement.

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To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the comm  Useful  Not useful secretariat. secretariat. ISO ISO Central Central Secretariat Secretariat work of editi ng and text composit ion will be undertak publication stage.

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ISO/DIS 16311-1

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This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as perm

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ISO 6848-2004

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ISO/DIS 16311-1

Contents

For ewo rd ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.

Scop e ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.

Nor mat iv e ref eren ces -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.

Term s and def in it io ns -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. 4.1 4.2 4.3

Bas is of mai nt ena nc e-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Gener al -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pro ced ur e of mai nt enan ce ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Com pet enc e of per so nn el ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4

Main ten ance pl an -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Gener al -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Timi ng of main tenance pl ann in g fo r struct ures -----------------------------------------------------Select io n of main tenance category -------------------------------------------------------------------Final determination of maintenance plan -----------------------------------------------------------------

6. Assessment--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------You're Reading a Preview 6.1 General----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.2 As ses sment pl an-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unlock full access with a free trial. 6.2.1 Prep arat io n of ass ess men t pl an---------------------------------------------------------------------------6.2.2 Categ or y of ass ess men t--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Download With Free Trial 6.2.3 Lev el of ass ess men t--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.3 Inv est ig ati on ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.3.1 Imp lem ent ati on pl an -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.3.2 Selec ti on of it ems --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.3.3 Iden ti fi cat io n of lo cat io ns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.3.4 Selec ti on of met ho d -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.3.5 Select io n of tools and techn iques -----------------------------------------------------------------------6.3.6 Freq uen cy of in ves ti gat io n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6.3.7 Emerg enc y measu res after in vest igation -----------------------------------------------------------Sign up to vote on this title 6.3.8 Mon it or in g --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Useful  Not useful 6.4 Prediction of deterioratio n and performanc e degradation of stru cture----------6.4.1 Identi ficatio n of deteriorati on mech anis ms --------------------------------------------------------6.4.2 Determination of det erio ratio n level and rate

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ISO/D

7.2.2.3 7.2.2.4 7.2.3 7.2.3.1 7.2.3.2 7.2.3.3 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.3.5 7.4

Select ion of m ethod s and materi al --------------------------------------------------------Desi gn fo r rep air ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exec ut io n --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exec ut io n pl an ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Qual it y co nt ro l in exec ut io n ---------------------------------------------------------------------Compl eti on in sp ect io n -------------------------------------------------------------------------Oth er rem edi al act io ns ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Gener al ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Str eng th eni ng ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Int ens if ied in sp ect io n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Rest ri ct io n in ser vi ce ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Disman tl in g and rem ov al -----------------------------------------------------------------------Spec ial car e fo r emergen cy ----------------------------------------------------------------------

8. 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3

Recording------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Gener al -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Peri od of pr eser vat io n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Meth od of rec or di ng -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Form at of reco rds and its acces si bili ty ----------------------------------------------------Item s in cl ud ed in rec or ds ------------------------------------------------------------------------Recor ds co nc erning remed ial acti on ---------------------------------------------------------

An nex A ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- An nex B ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- An nex C -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------You're Reading a Preview An nex D -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unlock full access with a free trial.



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ISO/DIS 16311-1

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards b (ISO member bodies). The work of prepa ring International Standards is normally carried out thro ugh technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has established has the right to be repr esented on that committee. International organizations, governmenta non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely wit International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the r ules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of techni cal committees is to prep are International Standards. Draft International Stand adopted by t he technical committees are circulated to the m ember bodies for voting. Publication a International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the p ossibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of p rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This Draft International Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 71 Subcommit “Maintenance and repair of concrete structures”, the secretariat of which is held by KITS. It consists of four p Part 1: General principles

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Part 2: Assessment of existing structures

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Part 3: Design of repair and prevention


Part 4: Execution of repair and prevention


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ISO/D

Introduction

In the context of this standard maintenance and repair are two closely related activities aimed at a concrete structure (here-in-after referred to as “structure”) is retained in a state in which it required functions, while in an acceptable and safe condition. Maintenance will be used as a gene also covers repair as a distinct activity to restore worn, damaged or deteriorated parts. For a w and well exe cuted concrete structure with proper maintenance, repair should not be ne cessa service life of the structure.

This International Standard covers the activities necessary to retain the performance of the structu required levels during its service life, such as: - Maintenance planning for existing structures

- Assessment of structure including inspection/investigation and evaluation of the performance o - Planning and designing repair in case it is required due to damage, deterioration or wear - Execution of repair including preparation, execution and documentation

The main scop e of this Internationa l Standard is the maintenance and repair of existing Maintenance and repair procedure aims at the planning and execution of systematic routines t degradation of structural performance in the intended service life and consequently can lead in a You're Reading a Preview manner.

Unlock fullstructures access with ainfree trial. it is recommended that a main This standard does not cover for n ewly built which should be established at the design stage. However, a so called "birth certificate" for newly built s be useful in later planning of maintenance and repair. Download With Free Trial

“Part 1: General principles” provides the frame work of mainten ance activities for all stru components and gives general principles of each activity. As shown in Figure 1, this part is the parts dealing with mainte nance and repair of con crete structures. The subsequent three p “Assessment of existing stru ctures”, “Design of repai r and prevention”, and “Execu tion o prevention” are the operational parts of this set of standards giving detailed requirements and g extended hierarchy of the parts and other related ISO standards are shown in Annex A).


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ISO 6848-2004

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ISO/DIS 16311-1

Maintenance and repair of concr ete stru ctures — Part 1: General principles 1. Scope This International Standard covers the fr amework and general principles for maintenance and rep air kinds of existing concrete structures – un-reinforced and reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete and concrete composite structures, or their structural members.

In this International Standard, deterioration is clearly distinguished from damage occurring in a short and not developing over subsequent time, such as cracking and scaling due to earthquakes or impact loa etc. Deterioration is mainly dealt with as a target for the maintenance activities.

This International Standard also provides th e basic concept of remedial actions carried out to res structural performance of existing structure by repair.

This International Standard does not cover those a spects of maintenan ce and repair that are relate serviceability and esthetics without direct impact on durability and service life, e.g. cleaning of drains, rem of vegetation, refreshment of paint etc. This international Standard also does not cover repair of defects during execution of new structures.

2. Normati ve references


The following normative documents contain provisions, which through reference in this text, c ons provisions of this Intern ational Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revi sion Download With Free based Trial o n this Intern ational Standar the publications do not a pply. However, partie s to agreements encouraged to investigate the po ssibility of applying the most recent editions of the no rmative docum indicated below. For u ndated references, the latest edition of the norm ative document referred to app Members of ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 2394:1998. General principles on reliability for structures ISO 15686-1:2000. Buildings and constructed assets -- Service life planning -- Part 1: General principles  Sign up to vote on this title ISO 13822:2010. Bases for design of structures -- Assessment of existing structures Useful Not useful

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ISO 19338:2007. Performance and assessment requirements for design standards on structural concrete

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ISO/D

assessment total set of activities performed to ve rify whether the reliability of an existi ng structure is accepta future use 3.2 design service life period of time spe cified in design of structure for which a st ructure or its members is to be intended purpose without major repair being necessary Note: see Fig.3.1

Performance Repair

Performance estimated at repair stage

Initial performance

Performance estimated at design stage

Required performance Performance estimated at assessment stage

Remaining service life Intended remaining service life Remaining design service life

Life time

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Predicted Intended Assessment Unlock full access with a free service trial. service stage life life

Design service life

WithofFree Trial Fig.Download 3.1 Definitions service life

3.3 deterioration process that adversely affects the performance of a structure, including reliability over time due to damages caused by -- naturally occurring chemical, physical, biological, or other environmental actions -- repeated mechanical actions such as those causing fatigue  -- wear due to use, abuse, and others Sign up to vote on this title -- improper operation and maintenance of the structure  Useful  Not useful 3.4 deterioration factor

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ISO/DIS 16311-1

intended remaining service life period from the time of a given inspection of a structure till the end of its intended service life Note: see Fig.3.1 3.8 intended service life a period during which a structure is intended to be in service decided by an owner Note: see Fig.3.1 3.9 investigation collection of information through inspection, document search, load testing and other testing 3.10 maintenance a set of activities taken to check, evaluate the performance of a stru cture, and preserve/restore it so satisfy performance requirements during the intended service life

3.11 maintenance category class of maintenance depending on importance, service life, environmental conditions, maintainability o structures, etc.

3.12 maintenance plan plan realizing maintenance strategy in orderYou're to ensure that the structure retain the performance withi Reading a Preview specified tolerances throughout its service life. This includes planning not only for asse ssment but repair or other remedial actions. Unlock full access with a free trial.

3.13 Download With Free Trial monitoring frequent or continuous, normally long-term, observation or measurement with recording of appropriate da deterioration and/or performance of structure using appropriate equipment

3.14 predicted service life period of ti me estimated based on activities of assessment, such a s recorded performance, pre experience, tests, or modeling.  Sign up to vote on this title Note: see Fig.3.1

 Useful  Not useful 3.15 prevention remedial action to prevent or slow down the further deterioration of a structure or structural member an

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Note: see Fig.3.1 3.19 remedial action action carried out with the obje ctive of arre sting or slowing down the dete rioration proces improving the performance of structur e, or reducing the danger of damage or injury to the use party

3.20 repair remedial action adopted for resto ring structural performance and mitigate safety risks up required design level and to achieve the intended service life

3.21 repair plan plan for esta blishing the method an d level of repai r, determining the materials, se ctional dim execution methods, specifying the control items during execution in consideration of the p olicy repair

3.22 safety risks concerning due to falling debris hazards of damage and/or injury caused by concrete fragments and surface coating (finishing) m falling from a deteriorated structure 3.23 You're Reading a Preview service life actual period during which a structure meets the prescribed performance requirement Unlock full access with a free trial.

3.24 upgrading Download With Free Trial measures taken to imp rove structural performance relating to load bea ring capacity and deform existing structure and/or its members

4. Basis of m aintenance and r epair 4.1 General

 Sign up to vote on this title A concrete structure shall retain the required performance for the intended service life by providin Not the useful isUseful maintenance and repair activities, such that its performance always  above required perfor with adequate reliability under an a ppropriate maintenance plan. A qualified person (design engineer, etc.) shall d evelop a proper maintenance plan t hat could permit a stru cture to retain

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ISO/DIS 16311-1

Concrete structure Maintenance plan Assessment Inspection/investigation Recording Prediction of deterioration

Evaluation of performance & Decision-making

Remedial action (Repair or others)

Fig.4.1 General maintenance procedure

4.3 Competence of personnel


All activities of maintenan ce and repai r shall be carried out by a team of qualified persons having adequate knowledge of design, construction, maintenance and repair of concrete structures.


5. Maintenance plan 5.1 General

For accomplishing overall maintenance activities, an adequate maintenance plan shall be formulated ta into account the maintenance category selected provisionally in accordance with Clause 5.3, intended se  life, life-cycle cost and other considerations particular to the structure. Sign up to vote on this title The following shall be specified in the maintenance plan:

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-- required performance and its level which a structure should retain for the intended service life

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-- At the design stage by choosing structural type and materials that satisfies maintainability -- Under service conditions when some maintenance activity is considered to be required -- After a large-scaled repair work is carried out The last two stages are the only types of maintenance plans specified in this Standard.

5.3 Selection of maintenance category

The set of maintena nce activities are classified into different maintenance categories correspo situations of a structure.

In the mainte nance plan, a suita ble maintenance category shall be provisio nally selected to c maintenance work as effectively as possible in consideration of such factors as the importance of intended service life, safety concerns, environmental conditions, and ease of maintenance (see an

When structural members have differe nces in thei r importance, environmental condition, safe ease of maintenance, etc., different maintenance categories should be selected on each membe same structure.

5.4 Final determination of maintenance plan

When the results of initial assessment prescribed in Clause 6.2.2 suggest that the maint enan provisionally selected is not suitable, it shall b e updated. Consequently, the maintena nce p determined in accordance with the finally selected maintenance category.

6. Assessm ent


6.1 General


Assessment of a structu re shall be carri ed out to ve rify its reliability after due co performance and durability.

nsideri

An appropriate assessment plan, which incl udes planning of m ethods and procedures for prediction of deterioration progress, evaluation of actual structure condition, decision-making for remedial action, and record, shall be established after due considering the actual condition of the s

Note: Assessment of existing concrete structures is covered in detailer by Part 2 of this  standa Sign up to vote on this title

6.2 Assessment plan 6.2.1 Preparation of assessment plan

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ISO/DIS 16311-1

In general, the assessment is classified in the three categories (see Annex D); -- Initial assessment: an assessment carried out for evalu ating the init ial condition of a

structure b

initiating into routine/regular maintenance activities.

Note: Examples of initial assessment are: -- first assessment of existing st ructures when n o repair is necessary but a m aintenance p recommended -- assessment of an existing structure that has undergone large-scale remedial actions -- “birth certificate” of newly constructed structures.

-- Periodic assessment: assessment carried out routinely or regularly at certain intervals prescribed in maintenance plan

Note: When some kind of visual sign of deterioration is observed or when there is a suspicion that s kind of deterioration is going on, the assessment shall be carried out spontaneously in spite of the or regular interval.

-- Extraordinary assessment: assessment carried out after a structu re has been subjected to an accid load, such as earthquake, storm, flood, fire, and impact by a vehicle or ship. 6.2.3 Level o f ass essment

An appropriate assessment level shall be selected depending upon the purpose and scope of the catego assessment.


In general, two level of assessment are defined as follows;


-- Preliminary level: asse ssment to co llect the basi c information on structu ral condition b y using inspection/investigation methods complied with a maintenance plan, su ch as a visual i nspection Download With Free Trial simple non-destructive test

-- Detailed l evel: assessment to obtain detaile d and sp ecific information regarding deterioratio performance degradation of the structure. Used when the assessment in the preliminary level is insuff for identifying the deterioration and/or performance degradation or anytime when it is required

6.3 Investig ation 6.3.1 Implementation plan




Not useful  Useful  Investigation shall be carried out with the objectives of detecting deterioration and/or change in perform of the structure. Such investigation shall be carried out by inspection visually or with the hel p of approp methods and techniques, document search, loa d testing and other testing, etc. at appropriate inte

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The items for investigation shall be carefully selected so that desired inform ation on the deterio structural performance can be obtained in consideration of the deteri oration mechanism e category and level of assessment, and the ease of maintenance. 6.3.3 Identification of locations

Critical locations should be identified in a structure for closer attention and mo re frequent inves number of the locations selected shall depend upon the category and the level of assessment, and structure such as the imp ortance of the stru cture, the environment around the st ructure, and loading.

Note: When it is difficult and/or unnecessary to investigate an entire structure, appropriate se locations should be identified for investigation 6.3.4 Selection of m ethod

Appropriate methods are selected according to the item and the availability of measuring equipm methods are classified into the following categories: -- document search -- inspection -- visual observation -- manipulation -- non-destructive method


-- destructive method


-- testing


-- material testing -- loading test for structure

The method shall be reviewed according to the changes in the category and the level of assessme 6.3.5 Selection of tools and techniques

 Sign be up to vote on this title Tools and te chniques used in each investigatio n method shall appropriately chosen so that information on the deteri oration of mat erials and/or structural performance be obtain ed. T useful  Useful  Notcan reviewed according to the result of investigation, the deterioration prediction, evaluation/judgme Simultaneously, the inherent limitations of the tools and techniques in question shall be confirmed

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ISO/DIS 16311-1

When fatal defect or dam age of urgency is found durin g investigation, it shall be subje cted to emerg measures because leaving such a defect or damage untreated may subsequently lead to a serious acc or a serious economic disadvantage. If unsafe conditions are observed, the qualified person is obligate report them to authorities having jurisdiction. 6.3.8 Monit orin g

Monitoring can continually record appropriate data for condition of a structure, so that appropriate rem action can be taken before the deterioration becomes detrimental to the appearance and performance o structure.

The most appropriate monitoring method shall be selected in consideration of the kind of information requ the availability of tools and equipment, and so on.

6.4 Prediction of deterioration and perfor mance degradation of st ructu re 6.4.1 Identification of deterioration mechanisms

To carry out app ropriate prediction of d eterioration occurring on the stru cture and/or its structu ral me under consideration, the mechanism of deterioration shall provisionally identified.

In general, deterioration mechanism should be identified in consideration of the deterioration factors spe and any signs of deterioration detected in the inspection and/or other tests in investigation. Note: Deterioration factors may be classified as:

Reading a Preview -- external fa ctors, i.e. those related toYou're an externa l condition, such as environmental, weather external force conditions affecting the concrete structure under consideration; Unlock full access with a free trial.

-- internal factors, i.e. those related to the internal conditions of the structure and linked to the design construction processes.


A structure and/or structural members are often subjected to more than one deterioration mechanism. In case, the combined effects of those mechanisms shall be considered. 6.4.2 Determination of deterio ration l evel and rate

According to the identifie d deterioration mechanism, current deterioration levels and rates on the struc and/or its members sh all be determi ned using ap propriate analysis models established on the basis  environmental conditions and any other useful information obtained from investigation. Sign up to vote on this title

 Useful  Not useful Appropriate deterioration indices representing the deterior ation condition of the structure and/or its mem under consideration can be sel ected to simplif y modeling the deterioration and/or the perfo degradation process.

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ISO/D

6.5 Evaluation and decision 6.5.1 Evaluation of performance of structure 6.5.1.1 Perfor mance verifi cation method

For evaluating structure/members condition, the performance possessed during intended service predicted in accordance with the specification in Clause 6.5.2, shall be verified with the threshol verification, in principle, should be carried out respectively for one or more of performance require

Note: Provided that environmental and/or loading conditions are considered to be the same o performance degradation of a structure over time may be evaluated by checki ng the perform points such as the time of an inspecti on and the end of intended service life. Howeve r, in performance degradation process of the general structure is not in a simple monotonic proc environmental conditions can ch ange over shot periods of time . In such condition, the predictions based on two point s may result we ak and lead to insufficient conclusion performance of the structure. 6.5.1.2 Threshold levels for performance degradation of structure

The minimum level of accepta ble performance of the structure shall be determined in accordan performance requirement, depending on the category of maintenance, importance and the conse of the structure. 6.5.1.3 Overall evaluation of perf ormance level pos sessed


Performance possessed should be synthetically evaluated by confirming that e ach performance Unlock full access with a free trial. satisfy the required level. 6.5.2 Decision


Depending on the importance of the structu re, category of maintenance, intended remaining ser cycle cost and other considerations, as well as the overall results of the structural performance decision shall be made ap propriately to give recommended actions in the prel iminary and deta assessment, respectively.

In the prelimi nary assessment level, d ecision should be m ade on the evalu ation of the structu condition as to whether a detailed assessment and/or remedial action is necessary.  Sign up to vote on this title In the detailed assessment level, decision should be made as whether any Notremedial useful action is ca toUseful

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ISO/DIS 16311-1

-- dismantling and removal, etc.

A suitable remedial action shall b e selected on the basis not only of the asse ssment results deterioration condition, structural integrity, and st ructural stability, etc., but also o n a comprehe consideration of the following items: -- category of maintenance -- intended remaining service life -- easiness of maintenance including cost efficiency -- potential advantage of an earlier action from the aspect of life-cycle cost -- importance of the structure

7.2 Repair 7.2.1 General

Repair including prevention measure (here-in-after referred to as “repair”) of a structure refers to the rem action adopted for restoring structural performance up to the initially require d level by preventing or redu further deterioration, which includes repair of defective events such as cracks, removal of deterioration po or deterioration factors, surface coating, etc.

Note: This standard clearly distinguishes “prevention” “repair” in the definitions. However, bo You're Readingfrom a Preview them are the almost sa me manner in their metho ds and using materials. Therefore, the preve Unlock on full the access with a freespecified trial. measure of structure also should be executed provisions in Clause 7.2. The procedure of repair mainly consists of planning, design, execution, and completion inspection.


Note: Planning and design of rep air are covered in detailer by Part 3 of this standard, while deta execution and completion inspection of repair are covered by Part 4.

For execution of repair, appropriate steps shall be taken to ensure the use of proper materials and metho well as being subjected to good quality control.

After the rep air is ta ken, the perfo rmance of the structure shall be evaluat ed by the a ssessment.  up to vote on this title performance of the structure shall be upheld and a revised plan shallSign be developed.  Useful  Not useful 7.2.2 Plannin g and d esign

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-- repair level expected to resto re structural performance during intended remaining s structure by a few cycles of repair activity

-- repair level expected to restore structural performance by the several cycles of repair ac restore the performance only in the short period 7.2.2.3 Selecti on of methods and materials The method and materials for repair shall be adequately chosen based on the dete rioration intended remaining service life, the importance and maintenance level of the structure.

Note: Care should be taken, as the m ethod of re storing the pe rformance may vary depen deterioration mechanism, even if the level of performance degradation is the same. 7.2.2.4 Design of repair

A repair de sign should be executed after sel ecting the repair method, the material s used and repair. In the repai r design, the types and combi nations of re pair materials, execution m ethod area or portion should be determined. 7.2.3 Executio n 7.2.3.1 Executi on plan

Before execution of repair, a detailed execution pl an should be formulated in cons ideration of t environment, time of execution and execution period.


Repair shall be carried out with mini mum disturbance to the surrounding environment and Unlock full access with a free trial. condition of the structure. 7.2.3.2 Quality control in execution Download With Free Trial

The effectiveness of repair is strongly affected by the quality of execution. Therefore, the execu shall be carried out under the sufficient quality control based on the prescribed execution plan.

During the execution of repair, necessary tests shall be carried out on the materials and other re items.

 refere Detailed quality control records during the execution of repair shall be maintained for future Sign up to vote on this title 7.2.3.3 Completion investigation

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After repair, completion investigation shall be carried out to e xamine the condition of mate

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ISO/DIS 16311-1

Strengthening of a st ructure refers to t he remedial action taken to upgrade structural performance to a which is higher than that possessed at the original design.

An appropriate strengthening plan shall be formulated based on the target level of performance, then met and materials for stren gthening shall be selecte d considering the degra dation condition of struc performance, deterioration mechanism, and maintenance after strengthening.

Note: Strengthening includes (a) increase in the cross-sectional area of concrete, (b) addition of mem (c) increase in the supporting points, (d) addition of strengthening members, (e) application of prest etc. 7.3.3 Intensified inspection

Intensified inspection refers to the remedial action carried out by increasing the inspection frequency, nu of inspection items and/or location for inspection without any improvement of the c ondition or performan structure in cases where repair or retrofit cannot be implemented immediately or where it is only req keep the structure in present state

When intensifying inspection, the maintena nce plan should be revie wed considering the re sul performance evaluation, remaining service life, importance of st ructure, cost for mainten ance, etc. and appropriate inspection frequencies and items should be determined. 7.3.4 Restriction in service

Restriction in service may be effective for reduci ng damage to the stru cture. This may be achiev imposing restrictions on the usage, such as limiting the maximum live load that the structu re may carry You're Reading a Preview degree and method of th e restriction imposed on the usage shall be determined depending on the l deterioration observed, so that su ch a rest riction shall with be aimplemented after ca rrying out a d Unlock full access free trial. assessment. 7.3.5 Dism antlin g and removal


Dismantling and removal of a severe ly deteriorated structure/member shall be carried out based o implementation plan fo r the sel ected method which is formulated in co nsideration of threat posed environment, public safety and disposal of debris.

7.4 Special care for emerg ency

 Signusers up to vote on this Where a stru cture is considered to be unsafe to the environm ent, its or any thirdtitle parties, app action shall be immediately implemented to make it safe before repair or p reservation wo Not useful  Useful other undertaken. In this process, any additio nal risks that may arise fro m the repair work itself shall be take account. Such action s may include local prote ction or re pair, the installation o f support or other tempo work, partial or even complete demolition.

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ISO/D

The maintenance records of a structure shall be pre served by the owner while the struct ure is in also desirable that such reco rds should be preserved for a pe riod as required for reference pur design, construction, and maintenance of other similar structures. Note: It is expecte d that a nalysis of records can contribute to progress in maintenance t clarifying problems and needed improvements in design and construction.

8.3 Method of r ecording 8.3.1 Format of records and its accessibility

The records shall be p reserved in an easily und erstandable format so that they can ea sily be Since the record is preserved for a long time, much attention should be paid to make it be a when the data recording and storing system is changed. 8.3.2 Items included in records The records shall include the following items:

-- basic data concerning immediate and nearby environment, details of structure, the methods a deterioration prediction and investigation carried out, the result o f evaluation/judgment of and photographs. -- names of the persons responsible for maintenance -- design drawings and specifications of construction You're Reading a Preview 8.3.3 Records concerning remedialUnlock actionfull access with a free trial.

When remedial action is taken, records of the met hod used and details of execution shall Download With Free Trial together with the names of persons responsible for design, execution, and quality control of remed


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ISO/DIS 16311-1

An nex A (informative) Ap pen di x t o Mai nt enance an d Rep air of Con cr ete St ru ct ur es – Part 1: Gen eral Pri nc ipl es – A. Ext ended hi erar ch y of “ Stan dar ds fo r mai nt enance and rep air of co struct ures” with national legislation and other related ISO documents LAW and Regulations (National) Design of structures for durability

Execution of concrete structures

ISO 13823 (ISO TC 98/SC2)

ISO 22966 (ISO TC 71/SC3) Part 1: General principles ISO TC71 / SC7 Part 2: Assessment of existing concrete structures ISO TC 71 / SC7


Technical Report: Assessment and repair of water leakage cracks


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ISO 19338(ISO TC 71/SC Service life planning ISO 15686-1 (ISO TC 59/SC14)

Technical Report: Seismic assessment and r etrofit


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ISO 2394 (ISO TC 98/SC2

ISO TC71 / SC7 Technical Report: Assessment and repair of water leakage cracks Technical Report: Seismic assessment and retrofit

Assessment of existing structures

ISO 13822 (ISO TC 98/SC

Project Work Specification for pricing  Design of structures and contract Sign up to vote on this title for durability (National) Useful Not useful   ISO 13823 (ISO TC 98/SC Part 4: Execution of repair and prevention Execution of concrete

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ISO 6848-2004

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ISO/D

An nex B (informative) Ap pen di x to Main ten anc e and Repair of Con cr ete St ruc tu res – Part 1: Gen eral Pri nc ip les –

B. Hierarchy of terms

Maintenance plan

Document se Investigation

Maintenance procedure

Inspection

Prediction of performance

Assessment

Testing

Evaluation of performance Decision making

Record



Remedial action

Repair

Prevention

Download With Free Trial Strengthening

Intensified inspection Restriction in service Dismantling and removal

*

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ISO 6848-2004

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ISO/DIS 16311-1

An nex C (informative) Ap pen di x t o Mai nt enance an d Rep air of Con cr ete St ru ct ur es – Part 1: Gen eral Pri nc ipl es –

C. Category of maintenance C1. General

Maintenance actions should be classified into differe nt categories depending on fa ctors such as importance of the stru cture, design service life, safety risks concerns, environmental conditions, ea maintenance, and cost. For example, importa nt structures such as dams and nuclear power plants long service life, and structures situated in very harsh environments (e.g. marine environment) may fall in higher priority category than common structures such as multi-story buildings. Similarly, criteria for class structures into other pri ority levels need to be developed. Certain structu res for whi ch any maintenance action (e.g. underground structures) may be classified separately.

Maintenance actions are classified as: preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance and observat maintenance.

C2. Preventive maintenance You're Reading a Preview

Maintenance is conducted based on preventive preservation. Structures in this category generally have a fullyaccess with Examples a free trial. of structures requiring preve degree of importa nce, requiring monitoringUnlock in man cases. maintenance are:


-- structures for whi ch remedial measures are difficu lt economically and/or technically to be taken deterioration becomes apparent -- structures whose deterioration must not be apparent, such as monuments -- structures having a long intended remaining service life

C3. Correcti ve maint enance


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Useful  Not useful Maintenance is con ducted based on co rrective preservation. In this category, maintenance is conduct restore deterioration level and/or reduce deterioration rate so as to make structural performance satisfact

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ISO/D

-- structures for u se as long as usable without any remedial actions except for the a ction to e from risks concerning due to falling debris and so on.

-- structures such as foundations, for which direct inspection is economically and/or technically assessment and judg ment can be made based on indirect inspection, such as land surv settlement measurement, and lea kage detection, etc. Another option is constructing such st way that a “maintenance free” condition is achieved.




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ISO 6848-2004

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ISO/DIS 16311-1

An nex D (informative) Ap pen di x t o Mai nt enance an d Rep air of Con cr ete St ru ct ur es – Part 1: Fr amew or k an d Gen eral Pri ncipl es – D. Category of assessment D1. General

The maintenance procedure consists of various components: investigation, deterioration prediction, evalu judgment, remedial measures, and recording. In this Inter national Standard, the set of activities to pred structure’s condition, includes “investigation,” “deterioration prediction,” “evaluation” and “judgment,” is c as “assessment”.

The investigation in assessment is for collecting information on the perform ance of a structure. Based o information provided by the investigati on, the pr ediction of deterioration ca n be made, followed by evaluation of structural performance at present and in the future. The judg ment on whe ther the rem action would be necessary is finally made considering the evaluation results.

On the basis of the methods used, frequency and timing of assessment, and the type of information des the assessment is categorized as in itial, periodic and extraordinary assessment for fulfilling the assess on a structure rationally and economically, You're Reading a Preview Unlock full access with a free trial.

In each assessment, occurrence of deterioration and/or change in the perfo rmance of the structure shou detected through investigation. Obviously if undesi rable signs of deteri oration can be dete cted in the Download Trial Actual locations in a structu stage of det erioration, suitable, timely remedial a ctionWith can Free be taken. investigation, tools used, items recorded, etc. should be carefully selected depending on the catego assessment, so that the necessary information can be obtained reliably.

The relationship among initial, periodi c, and extraordi nary assessments in the framework of maintena actions for concrete structures is shown in Fig.D1. Include at the end of “General”


D2. Initial assessment D2.1 General

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ISO/D

Provisional Setting of Maintenance Plan

Initial assessment (If needed) Detailed level of assessment Preliminary level of assessment Determination of Maintenance Plan

Routine/regular assessment Preliminary level of assessment

Extraordinary assessment

Preliminary le of assessme Judgment for emergency measure

Need Emergency measures

No need No need

Judgment for detailed level of assessment


Need Unlock full access with a free trial. Detailed level of assessment


No need

Judgment for remedial action Need

Remedial action

Sign up to vote on this title Fig.D1 Position of each assessment in maintenance flow  Useful  Not useful

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ISO/DIS 16311-1

As a first ste p of mainten ance procedure, it is ne cessary to col lect information on the structure by assessment. For a n ew structure, a p rovisional maintenance plan set in the design procedure shou revised based on the results in the “b irth certificate.” On the other hand, for existing structures, the inspe should be carried out to collect information on the st ructure. Based on the information, the mainten ance can be finally determined.

One of the major aim s of the investigation in the initial assessment is to collect the information detectin documenting initial defects such as honeycombs, cold joint, sand streaking and so on, and so me deterior damage arising on the existing stru ctures before startin g maintenance activities. Therefore, when d inspection, it should, in principle, be applied to the entire structure to check whether there are any defec damages in the entire structure. However, when members of the structure located on the back of undergr structures or under the foundation, the direct inspection to the members is difficult so that checking the record and construction records should be base for the investigation.

The investigation should include not only obvious inspection of external appearance of structure but als ones for fluctuation of con crete quality, existence of construction defects in concrete, co nstruction err rebar arrangement, and so on.

D2.4 Records and storing of result The results of initial assessment should be appropriately records, as they provi de useful data for the practice of maintenance.

D3 Periodi c assessment D3.1 General


After the ma intenance activities start on the struct ure, assessment of the structure should be fulf periodically at certain intervals according to a maintenance plan to evaluate the condition of the structure.


The aim of th e periodic assessment is to provide inf ormation regarding the condition of the structu re an member under consideration, the causes for and the seriousness of any the deterioration. If necessarily investigation should be carried out to determine the current deterioration levels and rates, then, a reliability level that represents the required level of structural performance should be ensured.

The periodic assessment is further categorized into two ones, which are “routine assessment” and “re assessment.”  Sign up to vote on this title

D3.2 Routine assessment D3.2.1 General

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ISO/D

visual observation is carried out for the whole of accessible parts, but hammer tapping is only car part capable of tapping. The items checked by the investigation are as follows: (i) cracking (ii) delamination, peeling, spalling and scaling on the concrete surface (iii) steel reinforcement exposure and corrosion (iv) exudation of rust and efflorescence (v) water leakage (vi) any other discoloration

Investigation by driving feeling is also effective to inspect the drivi ng performance on bridges an structures, and could estimate abnormal displacement/deformation, abnormal sound/vibration conditions on expansion joint, extraordinary deflection and bumping. D3.2.2.2 Location

The actual locations in a structure to be investigated in routine assessment should be basically th be inspected during routine patrol, but it is advisable that investigation should cover the locations possible. D3.2.3 Frequency of ro utin e assess ment

You're Reading to a Preview Routine assessment should be carried out frequently confirm the absence of abnormality on t The frequency should be appropriately determined in consideration of the workforce and/or budge Unlock full access with a free trial. the importance of the structure, the threat posed to third parties, and results of deterioration predi D3.2.4 Records and storing of results Download With Free Trial

Routine assessment is frequently carried out, normally to confirm the absence of abnormality. Th record may be sufficient if the execution of inspect ion is indicat ed by the da te/time and the inspector. In a case when some abnormality is detected, however, the detected abnormal condi be added to the record in accordance with the manual for routine assessment.

D3.3 Regular assessment D3.3.1 General


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Regular assessment shall be carried out by using appropriate methods at regular intervals to obs on a whole of structure and to obtain more accurate information about signs of deterioration, whic

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ISO 6848-2004

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ISO/DIS 16311-1

The appropriate investigation methods used for the r egular assessment shall be decided on the basis factors as the likely mech anism of deterio ration, environmental conditions, the impor tance of the struc and the category of maintenance. D3.3.2.2 Location

The regular assessment basically should be carried out entirely on the structure. Careful investigation sh be carried out for the l ocation of the structure where defects are difficult to be d etected during ro assessment. Sometimes, it is not easy to investigate large structures such as tunnel or viaduct entirely a time. In this circumstance, it is possible to divide the location of investigation on the structure and inspect in due orde r. Occasionally, it is advisable to decid e the order or se ction investigated in consider existing maintenance records, importance of parts/members, or cost efficiency. D3.3.3 Frequency of regular assess ment

The frequency of regular asse ssment, which is no rmally every two to ten years, shoul d be determin consideration of the re sults of dete rioration prediction, importance and types of the structure, inte remaining service life, en vironmental conditions, maintenance category, existing mainten ance records cost efficiency. D3.3.4 Records and storing of result

The regular assessment, which provides time series information of the structure, is useful for identifyin progress of deterioration and confirming the validity of det erioration prediction. For this reason, it is impo to maintain a ccurate records, such as t he inspection data, the na me of inspector, and d etailed drawin defects.


D4 Extraordinary assessment D4.1 General



Natural disasters such as an earthquake, strong storm or flood, fire, impact by a vehicle or ship, and s have strong impacts on st ructures, their members and parts. Therefore, extraordinary assessment sha carried out after a stru cture has been subjected to such the a ccidental loads, to examine the extent damage and the need for a remedial action.

When an accident due to deterioration of a structure, such as falling concrete fragment, is found, extraord  assessment also shall be ca rried out not only for the structure itselfSign but up also for the s imilar to vote on this title type structur check if the similar accident may occur.  Useful  Not useful It is advisabl e to consi der carrying out extraordinary assessment in vi ew of maintenan ce categ importance of the membe r/part of th e structure, structural performance, remaining service life an

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[BS ISO 16311-1] -- Maintenance and repair of concrete structures. Part 1. General principles.pdf

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