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CXC CAPE Chemistry Past Papers UNIT 2
CAPE Unit 2 Labs 1. Title Structure of a dicotyledonous leaf Aim: To draw label and annotate the transverse section of a dicotyledonous leaf (Plan and High power. B. To label the election micrograph of a chloroplast.
Lab 2 Plan drawing of the monocotyledonous root Lab 3 Task: Low power (plan) and High power drawing of a T.S of a dicotyledonous root. Lab 4 Plant pigment chromatography NB- We will have to redo the chromatography aspect. Lab 5 Title: Photosynthesis Aim: To Investigate the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant. Apparatus and Materials
projector lamp e.g. 60 W
Ruler
Stop watch
Apparatus for collecting gas e.g. graduated syringe connected via tubing
400 cm3 beaker as water bath/heat filter
Thermometer
Test tube containing dilute sodium hydrogen carbonate solution
Pondweed eg Elodea,
Procedure 1. Cut the stem of a bubbling pond weed which has been well illuminated to about 5cm. Place the cut surface upwards in a test tube containing sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. 2. Place the test tube in the beaker of water and note the temperature.
The beaker of water acts as a heat filter or heat shield, so its temperature should be checked at intervals to ensure that it is constant throughout the experiment; the water should be renewed if necessary.
4. Darken the laboratory by turning off as many lights as possible. 5. Place lamp 10minutes, cm awaycount from the the number beaker. of Allow the plant equilibrate or adjust to thetwice light and intensity for 2-3 bubbles giventooff in one minute. Repeat obtain an average of the results. 6. Repeat steps 4 and 5, with increasing distances away from the light source e.g. 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm and 50 cm. Light intensity is a inversely proportional to the square of the distance, so as the distance is increased the light intensity decreases. 7. Record results in a table, then plot a graph of number of bubble/minute against 1/d2( where d= distance between the lamp and the plant.)
Observation/Results
Discussion 1. Why is sodium hydrogen carbonate solution used instead of water?
5. What are the main sources of inaccuracy in the experiment?
5. How can we prove that oxygen was the gas produced? 7. What is the relationship between the light intensity and the rate of photosynthesis at low light intensities? 8. Why does the rate of photosynthesis not increase at very high light intensities?
Lab 6 Title: Respiration Aim: To determine the rate of respiration of germinating peas using a simple respirometer. Apparatus ad Materials: Procedure: From UTECH Trip
Results: Table of results collected on the day Graph- You should use a LINE OF BEST FIT, so that slope can be calculated. Discussion Essential Questions:
What is the relationship between temperature, volume, and pressure?
How can respiration rates be measured using a respirometer?
What factors affect the rate of respiration?
Brief overview of respiration and germination, Explain the principle on which the respirometer work Analysis
-explain why water moved into the pipette. -Explain why the tube must be air tight -Comment on the rate of respiration of your seed
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Discuss the two questions in the lab manual If a second setup was done at 10oC, what results would you predict? Explain your reasoning. What would have been a suitable control for this experiment and how would the results differ.
Limitation / precaution Conclusion
Lab 7 Title: Transport in plants Aim: to make drawing of prepare slide of the xylem. B. Draw and label the sieve tube and companion cell. C. To label the electron micrograph of phloem tissue.
Lab 8 Title: Transpiration Aim: to Investigate the effect of light on the rate of transpiration. B -Aim: to Investigate the effect of wind speeds on the rate of transpiration. Lab 9 Title: Circulation in mammals Aim: to draw label and annotate the structure of arteries and veins. B: To make drawing of the structure of leucocytes and erythrocytes.
Lab 10 Title: Structure of the kidney – Utech trip Aim: To dissect and draw the internal appearance of a mammalian kidney. B: To make a HP drawing of the transverse section of a mammalian kidney