PSICOLOGÍA
COGNITIVA Estudio de la Memoria Multialmacén
•
!"#$%&' %! )* +!+',&* +$)#&*)+*-./
!"#$%#&'" "# $%&'()*++,-% ./ 01&*),( )0 /. 202(',.# 3# 4()0/( )0 202(',. 50%1(',./ 6# 4()0/( )0 /. 402(',. . +('&( 7/.8(# 9# 4()0/( )0 202(',. )0 :'.;.<( =# >(''0/.&( %0*'(%./ ? 202(',.#
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
"
[ POLIT CNICO GRANCOLOMBIANO]
4* /353 !"#!%5$,30 '%0 /-',0"
#$%&'() *$+,&'()-
.&''$-)/& +$5'&+)6 %$%&'()
#$%&'()
#$%&'() ) .&'/& 0-)1&
#$%&'() 2$ /')3)4&
6* "78%$&9" 1%#%+30 J',%).' . /(1 01&*),.%&01 *% .+0'+.2,0%&( . /(1 .+(%&0+,2,0%&(1 B,1&-',+(1 ? +(%+07&(1 H*%).20%&./01 )0/ 01&*),( )0 /. 202(',.# •
• •
•
•
$)0%&,H,+.' /(1 '07'010%&.%&01 )0/ 2()0/( 202(',. . +('&( 7/.8(# K0+(%(+0' /.1 ),H0'0%+,.1 A*0 10 7'010%&.% 0%&'0 /. 202(',. . +('&( 7/.8( ? 202(',. )0 &'.;.<(# $)0%&,H,+.' /.1 7',%+,7./01 +.'.+&0'L1&,+.1 )0 /(1 2-)*/(1 0% /. 202(',. )0 &'.;.<(# K0+(%(+0' /(1 ),1&,%&(1 2M&()(1 A*0 10 *&,/,8.% 7.'. 0/ 01&*),( )0 /. 202(',. )0 &'.;.<(#
[ PSICOLOGA COGNITIVA ]
3
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
=#6 Q01.''(//( )0 +.). *%. )0 /.1 *%,).)01 &02I&,+.1#
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
7
[ POLIT CNICO GRANCOLOMBIANO]
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
F(1 01&*),(1 0% 202(',. 10 B.% ).)( 0% ),1&,%&(1 %,E0/01G 0/ 7',20'( )0 0//(1 (;0)0+0 . 2()0/(1 +(D%,&,E(1 A*0 70'2,&0% 1,2*/.' 01&'*+&*'./20%&0 +-2( H*%+,(%. +.). 2-)*/( )0 /. 202(',.C 0% 01&0 (')0% )0 ,)0.1 10 '0+(%(+0'I% ),1&,%&(1 2()0/(1# N/ 10D*%)( %,E0/ ,%E(/*+'. 0/ +(''0/.&( %0*'./T /.1 %0*'(+,0%+,.1 10 B.% ,%&0'01.)( 0% ,)0%&,H,+.' /.1 01&'*+&*'.1 . %,E0/ +0'0;'./ A*0 01&I% ,27/,+.).1 0% /(1 ),1&,%&(1 7'(+01(1 2%M2,+(1# N/ &0'+0' %,E0/ (;0)0+0 . /. ,)0%&,H,+.+,-% )0/ &,7( )0 7'(&0L%. A*0 10 1,%&0&,8. 7.'. H.E('0+0' /. 202(',.T 01&0 %,E0/ )0 01&*),( (;0)0+0 . /. 2,+'(;,(/(DL. ? 7(' &.%&( %( 10 &'.;.<.'I 0% 01&0 2-)*/(#
8(9$.&:+(/(9 & 8(9$8$5'&;,(<&-&:(<& 8(9$%(<'&= <$-5-)' U,D*'. "# R,E0/01 )0 01&*),( )0 /. 202(',.#
3# 4()0/( )0 202(',. 50%1(',. N1&. 202(',. 10 +.'.+&0',8. 7(' 2.%&0%0' 0/ '0D,1&'( A*0 ,%D'01. 7(' +.). 10%&,)( 10%1(',./# 50 B.% '0./,8.)( ),E0'1(1 01&*),(1 7.'. +.). .7.'.&( 10%1(',./T 1,% 02;.'D( /(1 A*0 &,0%0% 2.?(' '0/0E.%+,.
[ PSICOLOGA COGNITIVA ]
5
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
U,D*'. 3# NO70',20%&( 202(',. ,+-%,+. '0./,8.)( 7(' 570'/,%D# $2.D0% '0+*70'.). 0% B&&7GSSY,Z,#;0&B.%?+'.%0#+(2S1&'*+&*'0(H10%1('?#
Q0 01&. 2.%0'. /(1 01&*),(1 . 01&0 2-)*/( 2%M2,+( 2(1&'.'(% A*0 1* )*'.+,-% 01 /,2,&.).C ./2.+0%. 7(+. ,%H('2.+,-% ? %( 01 )0 +.'I+&0' +(%1,0%&0C 01 )0+,' 1*'D0 .*&(2I&,+.20%&0 ? 017(%&I%0.# U,D*'. 6# 402(',. N+(,+. )*'. 2I1 &,027( A*0 /. ,+-%,+.#
6# 4()0/( )0 /. 402(',. . +('&( 7/.8(#
:./ +(2( /( E,2(1 0% 0/ .7.'&.)( .%&0',('C 0/ '0D,1&'( )0 /. ,%H('2.+,-% ,%D'01. 7(' /(1 +.%./01 70'+07&*./01 ? 7.1. . *% 2-)*/( %(2,%.)( 202(',. 10%1(',./T 1,% 02;.'D(C /(1 7',20'(1 01&*),(1 )0 /. 202(',. %( H*0'(% /(1 )0 570'/,%DC 1,%( /(1 ).)(1 7(' [0'2.%% N;;,%DB.*1C 71,+-/(D( ./02I% A*0 .
>
[ POLIT CNICO GRANCOLOMBIANO]
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
U,D*'. 9# >*'E. )0/ (/E,)( 7'(7*01&. 7(' N;;,%DB.*1# $2.D0% '0+*70'.). 0% B&&7GSSYYY#,01./.%)./*1#('DS)07.'&.20%&(1SH,/(1(H,.S@5$>_F_`,PSF.a202(',.S'2*/&,7/0#B&2
:./ +(2( /( 2*01&'. /. H,D*'. 9C )*'.%&0 /(1 7',20'(1 3W 2,%*&(1 10 /(D'. '0+(').' ./'0)0)(' )0/ bW 7(' +,0%&( )0 /. ,%H('2.+,-%C 1, 7.1. *%. B('. 10 /(D'. '0+(').' 0%&'0 0/ 9= ./ =W 7(' +,0%&( ? 1, 7.1.% c B('.1 1(/( 10 0E(+.'L. )0/ 6= ./ 9W d )0 /. ,%H('2.+,-% A*0 '0+,;,-T 7(' &.%&( N;;,%DB.*1 .10D*'. A*0 /. H('2. 7.'. %( 70')0' /( ./2.+0%.)( 01 70'2,&,0%)( 0/ '07.1( '070&,)( )0 /. ,%H('2.+,-%# _&'( '07'010%&.%&0 0% 0/ 01&*),( )0 /. 202(',. H*0 U'0)0',+ J.'/0&&C A*,0% '0./,8- )*'.1 +'L&,+.1 ./ 2M&()( )0 N;;,%DB.*1C ?. A*0 1*1 0O70',20%&(1 +.'0+L.% )0 E./,)08 0+(/-D,+.C 01 )0+,' 1(% 2M&()(1 .'&,H,+,./01C 7(+( '0./,1&.1C A*0 %( 70'2,&0% '0+(%(+0' +(2( H*%+,(%. /. 202(',. 0% B*2.%(1 0%
[ PSICOLOGA COGNITIVA ]
7
+(%&0O&(1 '0./01# J.'/0&& *1- B,1&(',.1 ? %( 1L/.;.1 7.'. 20),' 202(',.C '0+(%(+,- A*0 /. H('2. +(2( 10 H.E('0+0 0/ 7'(+01( 2%M2,+( 01 7(' 20),( )0 /(1 01A*02.1C A*0 1(% +(%(+,2,0%&(1 ./2.+0%.)(1 0% /. 202(',. +(2( +(%10+*0%+,.1 )0 0O70',0%+,.1 7.1.).1# Q0 01&. 2.%0'. /. 202(',. 10 0170+,./,8.;. )0 .+*0')( )0/ &,7( ? +./,).) )0 01A*02. A*0 0/ 1*<0&( /(D'.'. '0./,8.'# N% "c=b `0(')0 4,//0'C 71,+-/(D( ,%&0'01.)( 0% 0/ 01&*),( )0 /. 202(',. . +('&( 7/.8(C 2(1&'- A*0 /.1 70'1(%.1 7'010%&.% *% 7'(20),( )0 '0+*0')(C 01&0 '.%D( 01&. 0%&'0 = . c )LD,&(1 ? /. 20),. 01 e 0/020%&(1 0% 202(',.T 1* 7'(7*01&. 01 +(%(+,). +(2( 0/ 2ID,+( %X20'( e# 4,//0'C 0%&0%)L. A*0 /. +.7.+,).) )0 /. 202(',. 01 /,2,&.). ? 7(' 01( 1-/( /(D'. ./2.+0%.' *%. +.%&,).) )0 ,%H('2.+,-% A*0 7*0)0% 10' 0/020%&(1 ( +B*%Z# N/ >B*%Z 01 *%. *%,).) )0 ,%H('2.+,-% A*0 7*0)0 '0/.+,(%.' ),1&,%&(1 0/020%&(1# @(' 0<027/( *1&0) 7()'L. '0&0%0' *% %X20'( &0/0H-%,+( )LD,&( 7(' )LD,&(C efgf"f6f9f=f3fbfc ? 1.&*'.' /. 202(',.C 70'( 1, )0+,)0 B.+0' *% >B*%ZC /. 01&'.&0D,. A*0 )0;0'L. *1.' 01 ./2.+0%.'/(1 +.). &'01 ( +*.&'( )LD,&(1C 7(' 0<027/( ]eg"^ ]69=^]3bc^C )0 01&. 2.%0'. (7&,2,8.'L. 1* 017.+,( )0 202(',. ? &0%)'L. *% 017.+,( 7.'. 9 +B*%Z# N% /. 2,12. /L%0. /(1 .*&('01 @0&0'1(% ? @0&0'1(% 0% /(1 .V(1 bWC '0+(%(+,0'(% A*0 /. 202(',. . +('&( 7/.8(C ./ ,D*./ A*0 /. 202(',. )0 10%1(',./C 7'010%&.;. *% /L2,&0 &027('./# F. ,%H('2.+,-% 1(/( )*'. 0%&'0 /(1 6 . "3 10D*%)(1#
U,D*'. =# `'.H,+. )0 )0+.,2,0%&( )0 7'(+01(1 2%M2,+(1 0% 202(',. . +('&( 7/.8(# `'.H,+. '0+*70'.). 0% B&&7GSSYYY#71?+B(/(D,1&Y('/)#+(2#
?
[ POLIT CNICO GRANCOLOMBIANO]
@.'. +(%H,'2.' 01&(1 .'D*20%&(1C @0&0'1(% ? @0&0'1(% ),10V.'(% *% 0O70',20%&( 0% 0/ A*0 /0 7,),0'(% . /(1 7.'&,+,7.%&01 '0+(').' *% &',D'.2.# F. 7'010%&.+,-% 10 ),( . /(1 6 bC cC"3C "= ( "g 10D*%)(1# 50D*,)( 10 /0 7'0D*%&.;. . /(1 1*<0&(1 /(1 &',D'.2.1# F(1 '01*/&.)(1 0E,)0%+,.'(% A*0 10 /(D'. '0+(').' 0/ =Wd )0 /. ,%H('2.+,-% . /(1 6 10D*%)(1 ? '0)*+L. %(&(',.20%&0 . /(1 bCc ? "3# K0+(').%)( 0/ "Wd )0 /. ,%H('2.+,-%# P /(1 "g 10D*%)(1 10 /(D'- '0+(').' 0/ =d )0 /. ,%H('2.+,-% 7'010%&.).#
9# 4()0/( )0 202(',. )0 :'.;.<( N/ &M'2,%( )0 h('Z,%D 402('? ( 202(',. )0 &'.;.<( H*0 .+*V.)( 7(' P/.% J.))0/0? 0% "cebC 71,+-/(D( A*0 *1- 01&0 +(%1&'*+&( 7.'. )01+',;,' /( A*0 M/ //.2.;. 202(',. &027('./C 7'(+01( ,27/,+.)( 0% /. '01(/*+,-% )0 &.'0.1 7'(;/02.1# N% *% 7',%+,7,( 10 &0%L. /. +(%+07+,-% )0 A*0 /. 202(',. . +('&( 7/.8( 0'. 1,27/020%&0 *% i+.<-% )0 '0+*0')(1jC ? D'.+,.1 . .*&('01 +(2( J.))0/0? ? [,&+B ]"ceb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f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
[ PSICOLOGA COGNITIVA ]
9
U,D*'. b# 4()0/( )0 202(',. )0 &'.;.<( 7'(7*01&( 7(' J.))0/0?# $2.D0% '0+*70'.). 0% B&&7GSS&B,1;/(D0%)1Y,&B?(*#;/(D17(+(2
F(1 1*;1,1&02.1 )0 /. 202(',. )0 &'.;.<( 7'(7*01&(1 0% 01&0 2()0/( 1(%G 0<0+*&,E( +0%&'./C ;*+/0 .'&,+*/.&(',( ? .D0%). E,1(f017.+,.G
!"#$%&'() +#,&-./
N1 +(%1,)0'.)( 0/ +(27(%0%&0 7',%+,7./ )0/ 2()0/( 2*/&,+(27(%0%&0C ?. A*0 0% 01&0 10 '0./,8. 0/ +(%&'(/ .&0%+,(%./ ? 10 //0E.% . +.;( /.1 &.'0.1 +(D%,&,E.1 0% /.1 A*0 ,%&0'E,0%0 /. 202(',. )0 &'.;.<( &0%,0%)( /. +.7.+,).) )0 '0./,8.' *%. 0<0+*+,-% )*./C 01 )0+,'C &'.;.<.' +(% ;*+/0 .'&,+*/.&(',( ? .D0%). E,1(f017.+,./ 1,2*/&I%0.20%&0# Q0%(2,%. . /(1 (&'(1 )(1 +(27(%0%&01 +(2( i01+/.E(1j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f017.+,./ ( /. ,%H('2.+,-% 01 .*),&,E.C 102I%&,+. ( /,%DkL1&,+.#
@A
[ POLIT CNICO GRANCOLOMBIANO]
F.1 7',%+,7./01 +.'.+&0'L1&,+.1 )0/ 0<0+*&,E( +0%&'./ 01 /. .2()./,).)C A*,0'0 )0+,' A*0 %( ),1+',2,%. %, 7'(+01. ,%H('2.+,-%C 01 ,/,2,&.)( 0% 0/ &,7( )0 ,%H('2.+,-% A*0 '0+,;0C .1L 2,12( %( '(;. '0+*'1(1 )0 /(1 (&'(1 )(1 2-)*/(1 ]%, /.8( H(%(/-D,+(C %, .D0%). E,1(f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
0%$/# 1),)/23'$) ) 4.5) 6-&'$%/.&)-')
N1&0 1,1&02. 10 0%+.'D. )0 .)A*,',' +(%1+,0%+,. )0 /( H(%(/-D,+( ? +(%10'E.' 7(' 7(+(1 10D*%)(1 0/ 2.&0',./ A*0 10 +(),H,+. E0';./ ? /,%DkL1&,+(# N% 01&0 2-)*/( 10 7'(+01. ,%H('2.+,-% H(%(/-D,+.C A*0 01 ,%H('2.+,-% )0 &,7( E0';./ .*),;/0C ( )0 /0+&(01+',&*'.# N1&0 J*+/0 H(%(/-D,+( . 1* E08C /( +(%H('2.% )(1 01&'*+&*'.1G "^ 0/ ./2.+M% )0 0%&'.). H(%(/-D,+.C A*0 01 0%+.'D.)( )0 '0+,;,' ? 7'(+01.' /. ,%H('2.+,-% )0 &,7( H(%(/-D,+. ]/( A*0 10 01+*+B.^C /,%DkL1&,+. ]/( A*0 10 01+',;0^ ( 102I%&,+. ]/( A*0 10 /00^# 3^ 0/ ./2.+M% .'&,+*/.&(',(G 01&0 70'2,&,'I 0/ '07.1( )0 /. ,%H('2.+,-%C 0% 01&0 017.+,( 10 7()'I ./2.+0%.' 7(' *% &,027( 0/ 2.&0',./ ?. 10. 7.'. /. '01(/*+,-% )0 *%. &.'0. ( 7.'. ./2.+0%.'/( 0% /. 202(',. . /.'D( 7/.8(# N1&0 ./2.+0%. .'&,+*/.&(',( 7'010%&. *%. 7.'&,+*/.',).) ? 01 A*0 ,27/,+. 2(E,2,0%&(1 2(&('01 )0/ .7.'.&( H(%.)('C 01 )0+,' A*0 ./ '07.1.' /. ,%H('2.+,-% )0 H('2. 1*;E(+.# N1&( 10 E. . E0' '07'010%&.)( 0% /. .+&,E.+,-% )0 +*0').1 ;*+./01 ? I'0.1 )0/ +0'0;'( A*0 10 0%+.'D.% )0 /. 7'()*++,-% )0/ /0%D*.<0# F.1 H*%+,(%01 )0/ ;*+/0 H(%(/-D,+( 1(%G 7'(+01.2,0%&( ? '0+*70'.+,-% )0 ,%H('2.+,-% E0';./C 7.'&,+,7.+,-% 0% +(27'01,-% /0+&('.C +((70'.+,-% 0% /. .)A*,1,+,-% )0/ /0%D*.<0C +(%+,0%+,. H(%(/-D,+.# J.)00/?C ,%&0'01.)( 0% )02(1&'.' /. 0O,1&0%+,. )0 01&0 2-)*/(C ),10V- ),1&,%&.1 0O70',0%+,.1 027L',+.1 (',0%&.).1 . 01&0 7'(7-1,&(# F.1 2I1 )01&.+.).1 1(%G 0H0+&( )0 /. /(%D,&*) )0 7./.;'.C 1*7'01,-% .'&,+*/.&(',. ? 0H0+&( )0 1,2,/,&*) )0 7./.;'.1# P +(%&,%*.+,-% 10 )01+',;,'I +.). *%. )0 0//.1#
.^ *+,"'# ., /0 /#%$&'1. ., /0 20/03405 J.))0/0? ]"ceb^ +(27'(;- A*0 B.? *% 20<(' '0+*0')( 0% /.1 7./.;'.1 +('&.1 A*0 0% /.1 /.'D.1# N1&( 10 0O7/,+. 0% 0/ &,027( )0 .'&,+*/.+,-%# P*%A*0 10 B.% 7'(7*01&( %*0E.1 B,7-&01,1 A*0 1*D,0'0% A*0 0/ '0+*0')( )0 /.1 7./.;'.1 10 )0;0 . /. +(27/0<,).) ? %( . 1* )*'.+,-%# ]>.27(?C 3WWgT [*/20C 5*'7'0%.%&C J,'0&.C 5&*.'& ? R0.&BC 3WW9^#
[ PSICOLOGA COGNITIVA ]
11
36
7124,8&9% 04'&"1/0'#4&05 ;*1+. 7'(E(+.' *%. 1,&*.+,-% )0 .+&,E,).)01 )*./,1&.1C 01
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ccb^# "6
*+,"'#
.,
8&<&/&'1.
+#%#/9$&"05
4. 63#,7. 8'9):!9;.$'./
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f017.+,./# N1&0 ;XH0' 70'2,&0 2.%&0%0' ? 2.%,7*/.' ,%H('2.+,-% )0 /. 202(',. . /.'D( 7/.8( )0 2.%0'. &027('./#
=# >(''0/.&( %0*'(%./ ? 202(',.# >(2( 10 0%*%+,- .%&0',('20%&0C /. 202(',. 01 *% 7'(+01( +(D%,&,E( A*0 10 +.'.+&0',8. 7(' ./2.+0%.'C '0&0%0' ? 0E(+.' ,%H('2.+,-%C +/I1,+.20%&0 10 B. ),E,),)( 0%G 202(',. . 10%1(',./C 202(',. . +('&( 7/.8( ? 202(',. . /.'D( 7/.8(# N/ 01&*),( )0 /. 202(',. )01)0 01&0 %,E0/ 10 ,%&0'01. 0% '0+(%(+0' /.1 01&'*+&*'.1 +0'0;'./01 A*0 10 '0/.+,(%.% +(% 01&0 7'(+01(# l%( )0 /(1 7',20'(1 01&*),(1 0% 2()0/(1 .%,2./01 10 ,%,+,- 0% "c"= +(% /(1 &'.;.<(1 )0 F.1/B0?C A*,0% 0O&,'7.;. +('&08. +0'0;'./ 0% '.&.1 ? 2(%(1# F(1 '01*/&.)(1 0'.% +(%&*%)0%&01G &()(1 /(1 .%,2./ . /(1 +*./01 10 /01 0O&,'7( I'0. )0 +0'0;'( 7'010%&.'(% ),H,+*/&.) 7.'. 1(/*+,(%.' /.;0',%&(1 ? '(270+.;08.1# N% "c=6C 0/ +,'*<.%( 5+(E,//0 )0+,)0 '0./,8.' *%. ,%&0'E0%+,-% A*,'X'D,+. . *% 7.+,0%&0 A*0 7.)0+L. )0 *%. 07,/071,. D0%0'./,8.). ,%&'.&.;/0 H.'2.+(/-D,+.20%&0C 0/ 7.+,0%&0 H*0 +(%(+,)( +(2( [#4# P/ &0'2,%.' /.
@"
[ POLIT CNICO GRANCOLOMBIANO]
+,'*DL. ? )017*M1 )0 /. '0+*70'.+,-% *%( )0 /(1 B.//.8D(1 )017*M1 )0 /. ,%&0'E0%+,-% H*0 /. ),H,+*/&.) 7.'. '0&0%0' ,%H('2.+,-% %*0E.# N1&( 10 7'()*<( . +(%10+*0%+,. )0 /. 0O&,'7.+,-% )0 *%. 7.'&0 )0/ /-;*/( &027('./ 20),(# l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
_&'. 01&'*+&*'. ,27/,+.). 0% 7'(+01( )0 202(',. 01 0/ /-;*/( H'(%&./C 0% 0/ I'0. 7'0H'(%&./# F(1 01&*),(1 B.% )02(1&'.)( *%. +/.'. .+&,E.+,-% +.). E08 A*0 10 1(20&0 ./ 1*<0&( . &.'0.1 )0 +(),H,+.+,-%C 0E(+.+,-% ? ./2.+0%.2,0%&(C +(2( 10 0%*%+,-C /.1 0O7/,+.+,(%01 +(% +(''0/.&( %0*'(%./ ,%&0%&.% '0+(%(+0' 01&'*+&*'.1 H,<.1# m0' U,D*'. e#
U,D*'. e# N1&'*+&*'. +0'0;'./ '0/.+,(%.). +(% 7'(+01(1 2%M2,+(1# N/ [,7(+.27(#
U,D*'. g# N1&'*+&*'. +0'0;'./ '0/.+,(%.). +(% 7'(+01(1 2%M2,+(1# F-;*/( H'(%&./ '0+*70'.)( )0 B&&7GSSYYY#,%%(E.+)#0*S8(%.f+0'0;'( 5,% 02;.'D(C 01&*),(1 0% %0*'(+,0%+,.1 '0+(%(+0% ./D( ),1&,%&(C ? 01 A*0 %( ,)0%&,H,+.% *% X%,+( /*D.' HL1,+( 7.'. /. 202(',. 0% 0/ +0'0;'(# F. 202(',. 01&I ),102,%.). 7(' ),1&,%&.1 /(+./,8.+,(%01 0170+,./,8.).1# 4,0%&'.1 0% ./D*%.1 '0D,(%01 )0/ +-'&0O &027('./ 01&I% ./2.+0%.)(1 /(1 '0+*0')(1 )0 %*01&'. 2I1 &,0'%. ,%H.%+,.C 0/ 1,D%,H,+.)( )0 /.1 7./.;'.1 10 D*.'). 0% /. '0D,-% +0%&'./ )0/ B02,1H0',( )0'0+B( ? /(1 ).&(1 )0 .7'0%),8.<0 0% 0/
[ PSICOLOGA COGNITIVA ]
13
+-'&0O 7.',0&(f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
=#6#" N<027/(1C 0<0'+,+,(1 ( +.1(1 )0 .7/,+.+,-% 7'I+&,+. >(% 0/ 7'(7-1,&( )0 7(%0' . 7'*0;. 0/ 2()*/( )0 /.8( H(%(/-D,+( 7'(7*01&( 7(' J.))0/0? 7'(7(%D( A*0 ),10V0% &'01 0<027/(1 A*0 70'2,&.% ,)0%&,H,+.' /. 7'010%+,. )0 /.1 &'01 0O70',0%+,.1 027L',+.1# N1&.1 1(%G "# NH0+&( )0 /. /(%D,&*) )0 7./.;'.# 3# 5*7'01,-% .'&,+*/.&(',.# 6# NH0+&( )0 1,2,/,&*) )0 7./.;'.1# =#6#3 5L%&01,1 )0 +,0''0 )0/ &02.
#$%&'()
,$ ;'$,$+/)+ 2(E$'$+<(), $+/'$ -) %$%&'() ) <&'/& ;-)1& 6 %$%&'() 2$ /')3)4&
@7
[ POLIT CNICO GRANCOLOMBIANO]
F#$%&'() *$+,&'()F#$%&'() ) .&'/& 0-)1& F#$%&'() 2$ /')3)4& F.&''$-)/& +$5'&+)- 6 %$%&'()
-&, <&''$-)/&, +$5'&+)-$, $9(2$+<()+ B5$ $C(,/$+ 1&+), $+ $<$'$3'& B5$ ,$ $+<)':)+ 2$ )-:5+&, '$<5$'2&,D
b# P+&,E,).)01 .*&(f0E./*.&,E.1 7'(7*01&.1 ./ 01&*),.%&0# K017(%). /.1 1,D*,0%&01 7'0D*%&.1G "# no*M H*%+,-% &,0%0 /. 202(',.p 3# n@(' A*M 01 ,27('&.%&0 01&*),.' /. 202(',. 0% 10'01 B*2.%(1p 6# NO7/,A*0 /. 202(',. 10%1(',./
K0./,+0 *% +*.)'( +(27.'.&,E( 0%&'0 202(',. . +('&( 7/.8( ? 202(',. )0 &'.;.<(
e# `/(1.',( )0 &M'2,%(1# 3!!%;&7&0&'3' 0%=&!30 31+,53!&"#%; M!N,#O;P 30/3!Q# >"#"0-1&!"
3/#%;&3 3#$%+-1+3'3 3/#%;&3 +%$+"1+3'3 3$%#!&-# %8%!,$&93 70"R,%" '% /%/"+&3
7,!0% >"#"0-1&!" !"'&>&!3!&-# !"1#&!&-# !"#"!&/&%#$"
%>%!$" '% 0"#1&$,' '% 53037+3 %>%!$" '% ;&/&0&$,' >"#"0-1&!3 %>%!$" '% +%;$3,+3!&-# '% >"#%/3; ,$ /%/"+&3
>?@ABAC?C @DE B? FGH IH JGHCH KH@GJHK?K GE? J?B?LK?* `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
[ PSICOLOGA COGNITIVA ]
15
g# J$JF$_`KPUqP J0'2X)08C U ? @'.)(C K# ] 3WW"^# ?,<#4&0 5 @#%., 4,8&., = "9<# 8, +#4<0# 4MO,+(# :',//.1# J01&C r# ]3WW"^# A8&"#/#$B0 "#$%&'&(0# 4.)',)G :B(21(%# @M'08C m#C `*&,M''08C 4#:#C `.'+L. P# s `-208C r# ]3WW9^# A4#",8#8 A8&"#/9$&"#8 3C8&"#85 1% 0%C/&8&8 +1%"%0/D 4MO,+(G @'0%&,+0 [.//#
g#" KN4$5$tR P UlNR:N5 >_4@FN4NR:PK$P5 G$,/H IDH 0,(<&-&:J) .&:+&,<(/(9)H .$+:):$ -$)'+(+:D K+ L//;MNN3&&O,D:&&:-$D <&%D<&N3&&O,P(2QARS(T,EUI6&.V;'(+/,$]^&.\V9$2QA..U\>_KU__`9Q&+$;):$VBQ;,(<&-&:()a"A<&:+(/(9) a"A3$,/VEQE)-,$ X$(/$+H XDH 0,(<&-&:J) /$%), 6 9)'()<(&+$,H .$+:):$ -$)'+(+:D L//;MNN3&&O,D:&&:-$D<&%D<&N3&&O,P(2Q\2/:AG>Gb@].V;'(+/,$_KU_:`9Q&+$;):$VBQ;,(<&-&:()VEQE )-,$
@>
[ POLIT CNICO GRANCOLOMBIANO]