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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual
AVEVA Solutions Ltd
Disclaimer Information of a technical nature, and particulars of the product and its use, is given by AVEVA Solutions Ltd and its subsidiaries without warranty. AVEVA Solutions Ltd and its subsidiaries disclaim any and all warranties and conditions, expressed or implied, to the fullest extent permitted by law. Neither the author nor AVEVA Solutions Ltd, or any of its subsidiaries, shall be liable to any person or entity for any actions, claims, loss or damage arising from the use or possession of any information, particulars, or errors in this publication, or any incorrect use of the product, whatsoever.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual
Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Contents
Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Introduction
1
Introduction
1.1
About this Manual This document is a Reference Manual for the Catalogues and Specifications. It describes all of the PARAGON, SPECON and PROPCON keyboard-entered commands in detail. If you need information on how to use the Graphical User Interfaces refer to the Catalogue and Specifications User Guide. It is assumed that you have attended a training course and are familiar with the basic concepts underlying the use of AVEVA products.
1.2
How this Manual is Organised This manual is divided into chapters, as follows: Document Conventions
describes notation and entering commands.
conventions
used
when
Common Commands
describes how to enter, leave and change the states of PARAGON.
Catalogue Database Structure
gives details of the Catalogue database hierarchy and the ways in which its constituent elements are defined.
Manipulating the Catalogue Database using PARAGON
explains the procedure for defining the various types of element which represent the design components within the Catalogue database.
Component Design and Representation in PARAGON
introduces the principles of catalogue component design and their representation in graphical displays.
Catalogue Database Elements Setup in PARAGON
details elements used for the creation of point set, geometry sets, descriptive texts, coco tables, bolting tables and unit of measurements.
Creating Datasets in PARAGON
explains the concept of datasets, used to store catalogue data which needs to be queried from DESIGN or DRAFT and which is not accessible by other means.
Checking Catalogue Database Consistency using PARAGON
describes how to check the catalogue database for inconsistencies from within PARAGON, so that errors can be corrected before the data is used in a design.
Piping Components in PARAGON summarises some p-point conventions which should be followed to enter correct functioning of ISODRAFT.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Introduction
1.3
Specification Constructor
introduces the principles of specifications.
Manipulating the Catalogue Database using SPECONMODE
describes SPECONMODE within PARAGON.
Typical Specifications
describes typical specifications.
SPECONMODE Command Syntax Diagrams
lists SPECONMODE command syntax diagrams.
SPECONMODE Error Messages
a list of common SPECONMODE error messages.
Nominal Pipe Size Tables
a list of Nominal Pipe Size Tables.
Properties Constructor
introduces the principles of PROPCON.
Use of Groups
describes the use of groups in PROPCON.
Exponential Numbers
describes Exponential Numbers in PROPCON.
PROPCON Command Syntax Diagrams
a list of PROPCON command syntax diagrams.
Intended Audience In most companies the responsibility for creating Catalogues and Specifications is restricted to a team of Standards Engineers within the Production Engineering Department or its equivalent. You might, therefore, be a member of such a team setting up or updating a Specification. Alternatively, you might be a pipework or structural designer who needs to use a Specification to select a suitable component and who wishes to understand the principles underlying the selection process.
1.4
Assumptions You are assumed to be familiar with the general principles of using PDMS, although some of the most relevant points are repeated in this manual as a reminder.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Document Conventions
2
Document Conventions This section describes the conventions used in this manual to describe commands to be typed in from the keyboard. The description of each command follows a standard format which is designed to allow the basic attributes of a command to be interpreted easily. To get the best out of this manual, you are strongly urged to read this section thoroughly.
2.1
Command Description Format You will find that commands are described in a standard format. This format is described below.
2.2
•
Title (e.g. Setting Level Representation)
•
Keywords This is a list of those PARAGON, SPECON or PROPCON command words which are the prime constituents of the command syntax which carries out the given function.
•
Description This is a brief description of the use of the command.
•
Example(s) These are examples of typical command lines that show the effect of the principal options. Special notes on the behaviour of the command in specific conditions are given here.
•
Command Syntax This shows the actual command with its possible options. The notation used for commands is described below (Syntax Diagrams).
•
Querying The relevant querying options are listed.
Syntax Diagrams The commands described in this manual have their legal command and interrogation options presented in the form of syntax diagrams. These diagrams formalise the precise command sequences which may be used and are intended to supplement the explanations given in the appropriate sections of the manual. The following conventions apply to syntax diagrams: •
All diagrams have abbreviated names. Such names are composed of lowercase letters enclosed in angled brackets, e.g. . These short names, which are used for cross-referencing purposes in the text and within other syntax diagrams, are supplemented by fuller descriptions where they are not self-explanatory.
•
Commands to be input from the Command Line are shown in a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters. In general, these commands can be abbreviated; the capital letters indicate the minimum permissible abbreviation.
Note: This convention does not mean that the second part of the command must be typed in lowercase letters; commands may be entered in any combination of uppercase and lowercase letters.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Document Conventions
For example, the command
DEFault may be input in any of the following forms:
DEF DEFA DEFAU DEFAUL DEFAULT Commands shown wholly in uppercase letters cannot be abbreviated. •
Syntax diagrams are generally read from top left to bottom right.
•
Points marked with a plus sign (+) are option junctions which allow you to input any one of the commands to the right of the junction. Thus
>---+--- ABC -----. | | |--- PQR -----| | | |--- ---| | | ‘-------------+---> means you may type in ABC or PQR or any command allowed by the syntax given in diagram or just press Enter/Return to get the default option. •
Points marked with an asterisk (*) are loop-back junctions. Command options following these may be repeated as required. Thus
.------<------. / | >---*--- option1 ---| | | |--- option2 ---| | | ‘--- option3 ---+---> permits any combination of option1 and/or option2 and/or option3 (each separated by at least one space) to be used. The ‘options’ may define commands, other syntax diagrams, or command arguments). The loop-back construction may form an exception to the rule of reading from top left to bottom right. The simplified format
.----<-----. / | >---*--- name --+---> means that you may type in a list of PDMS names, separated by at least one space.
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2.3
Standard Command Tools Command Tool is a generic term covering command arguments (or atoms) and command parts. Both classes of command tool fit into ordinary commands and provide different ways of stating a particular requirement. Command tools may be PDMS-wide or module-specific. This section describes the standard Command Tools that may be used in PARAGON, SPECON or PROPCON. They may be one of the following: •
Standard Command Tools - which fit into ordinary commands
•
External Macro Facilities - which can be used in a stored macro file and which control the behaviour of the macro when it is executed
•
Standard Concepts - which apply globally within PARAGON, SPECON or PROPCON
Some of the main command tools (or the PARAGON, SPECON or PROPCON variations of them) summarised for convenience:
Command Arguments Command arguments are also called atoms because they cannot be broken down any further. They are individual units which PARAGON, SPECON or PROPCON can recognise as constituents of a complete command. They usually need to be separated by spaces so that they are individually distinguishable. Command arguments are distinguished from the other command parts by being written in lower case italics. The principal command arguments are: integer
a positive or negative whole number, e.g. 2 -5 25
value
a signed number with or without a decimal point, e.g. 2.5 5 -3.8
letter
a single alphabetic character
word
a sequence of up to four letters with significance to PDMS
text
a string of alphanumeric or symbol characters, which may include spaces, enclosed between single closing quotation marks ’...’ or |...| characters. This is normally used to add descriptive material to an appropriate attribute. For example, DUTY ’Low Pressure’. (Note that paired quotation marks ‘...’ will not work.)
space
the space bar (not usually specified unless of special significance)
name
a sequence of characters preceded by a / character and representing a PDMS Element name, e.g. /VALVE1.
filename
an external file name of the format /filename
varid
an identifier (for use with the VARIABLE command within macros) of the format !name, where ‘name’ is a text string. For example: !COUNTER !height
comma
the , character, which can be used to concatenate PARAGON, SPECON or PROPCON commands; for example: NEW UNIT, BUNI INCH, DUNI FINC
plus minus
the +, -, * and / characters, which can be used within
Note: There must be a space before and after each of these command arguments.
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Command Parts Command parts are subsets of the general command syntax which are used frequently within other command sequences. The following command parts are summarised here: Expressions Any mathematical, logical or alphabetical expression whose result replaces it in the command syntax. Dimensions A physical dimension entered using default or explicit units. Catalogue Element Types A word used to represent a specific type of element in the Catalogue database hierarchy. Element Identifiers Methods for specifying which database element you want your next commend to act upon. Cursor-picking Identifier () This command part defines the most general method of identifying an Element. The command is completed by picking an element using the cursor in a graphical view.
Expressions () If a value given within a command needs to be calculated from other known values, you can enter an expression from which the required result is to be evaluated by PARAGON, SPECON or PROPCON as it executes the command. Such an expression must be enclosed between parentheses (...) to identify where it begins and ends. Full details of the expression syntax are given in the Plant Design Software Customisation Guide and Plant Design Software Customisation Reference Manual, and are also available as on-line help.
Dimensions () Once the working units have been specified, all dimensions input subsequently will be assumed to be in those units unless you override them. (Note that these are simply specific examples of the use of ‘real’ expressions. You can include explicit units of measurement when entering a value in any expression.)
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Document Conventions
Examples 5
5
in current working units
5.5 EX 3
5500
in current working units
5.3/4
5.75
in current working units
5’
5 feet
(only use when working units are FINCH)
5’6
5 feet 6 inches
(only use when working units are FINCH)
5’6.3/4
5 feet 6.75 inches
(only use when working units are FINCH)
5 INCHES
5 inches
(regardless of current working units)
5M
5 metres
(regardless of current working units)
5’6.3/4 IN
5 feet 6.75 inches
(regardless of current working units)
Note: On output, values are rounded by default as follows: •
millimetres to the nearest millimetre
•
inches to the nearest 1/32 or 0.1 inch.
•
However, rounding on output may be controlled by using the PRECISION command. Within PARAGON, SPECON or PROPCON, values are stored as accurately as the host computer will allow.
Catalogue Element Types () This command part refers to an element type in the Catalogue hierarchy. Catalogue administrative elements:
WORLd
CATAlogue
SECTion
CATEgory
STCAtegory
TEXT
STSEction
Piping Components:
SCOMponent
COMPonent number
Profile Components:
SPRFile
PROFile number
Joint Components:
SJOInt
JOINt number
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Fitting Components:
SFITting Note: FITTing number is not a valid option) 3D Geomset elements: GMSEt
SBOX
SDIsc
SDIsk
SCOne
LSNout
SDSH
BOXIng
SSLCylinder
SSPHere
LCYLinder
SCYLinder
LINes
SCTorus
SREVolution
SRTorus
TUBe
LPYRamid
SEXTrusion
SLOOp
SVERtex Negative 3D Geomset elements: NGMSet
NSBOx
NSCOne
NLSNout
NSDSh
NSSLcylinder
NSSPhere
NLCYlinder
NSCYlinder
NSCTorus
NSREvolution
NSRTorus
NLPYramid
NSEXtrusion
SLOOp
SVERtex
SANNulus
SPROfile
PTCAr
PTMIx
Structural Geomset elements: GMSSet
SRECtangle
SPVErtex 3D Pointset elements: PTSEt
PTAXi
Structural Pointset elements: PTSSet
PLINe
Dataset elements: DTSEt
DATA
Detailing Text elements: SDTExt
DTEXt number
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Document Conventions
Material Text elements: SMTExt
MTEXt number
Bolt Table elements: BLTAble
BLISt
SBOLt
MBOLt
MBLIst
DTABle
LTABle
Connection Table elements: CCTAble
COCO
COCDES
UNIT
MSET
MTYPe
USECtion
UDEFinition
Units elements: ATLIst
Group World elements: GPWL
GROUp
Part World elements: PRTWLD
PRTELE
GPART
Specification World elements: SPWL
SPECi
SELEc
SPCOm
Table World elements: BRTAB
NOMTAB
TABWLD
Specific Element Identifier () This command part identifies a specific element either explicitly or by reference to its relative position in the database hierarchy.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Document Conventions
Examples /VALVE10
Named catalogue element
SAME
Previous element accessed
OWN
Owner of Current Element
NEXT 2
2nd element in member list order at same level
4
4th member of Current Element
LAST 3 MEM
3rd last member of Current Element
END
Next element up in hierarchy
SECT
Section above Current Element
CATE 3
3rd Category
Cursor-picking Identifier () This command part defines the most general method of identifying an Element. The command is completed by picking an element using the cursor in a graphical view. Examples ID @
Lowest level element hit by cursor
ID SBOX @
Box primitive hit by cursor
ID SCOM @
Piping Component hit by cursor
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Common Commands
3
Common Commands The commands in this section are available throughout PDMS.
3.1
Entering PARAGON The commands for PARAGON and PROPCON are combined within the PARAGON module so that you do not need to switch between modules. SPECON commands are also available in PARAGON by using the SPECONMODE command. Keyword:
PARAGON or SPECONMODE
Description:
This command is available throughout PDMS, allowing PARAGON or SPECON to be accessed at any time.
To enter SPECON commands type SPECONMODE. To exit SPECONMODE type EXIT.
3.2
Saving Work and Updating Databases Keyword:
SAVEWORK GETWORK
Description:
These two commands are complementary. SAVEWORK lets you update the databases to incorporate any changes you have made during your current PARAGON session (since your last SAVEWORK). GETWORK lets you refresh your view of all READ or Multiwrite databases to pick up any changes that others may have made since you first opened them. Both commands can be restricted to specific databases within the current MDB by following them with a list of numbers. These numbers represent specific databases in the order they appear in the output of the STATUS command, which may be given in MONITOR or in the MDB mode of any GUI module. If no database numbers are given, then the commands apply to the whole MDB. It is good practice to use SAVEWORK frequently, to ensure maximum data security. However, it should only be necessary to use GETWORK when there are specific changes that you wish to pick up (in which case it is likely that you will know which databases you will actually want to refresh). GETWORK slows subsequent database access because the information has to be re-read from disk, and should be avoided unless you really need to use it.
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3.3
Exit PARAGON without Saving Changes Keyword:
QUIT FINISH
Description:
This command exits from PARAGON without saving any changes or the display setup. QUIT has the effect of deleting any changes made since the last SAVEWORK, module change or MDB change.
Examples: QUIT
Exit from PARAGON (to MONITOR module)
QUIT DESIGN
Exit from PARAGON to DESIGN module
QUIT FINISH
Exit from PARAGON and from PDMS (returns to operating system)
This facility lets you save the alpha display information to a text file in the computer operating system. Two types of output are available, depending on the command used.
ALPHA FILE
ALPHA LOG enables the contents of either or both of the COMMANDS and REQUESTS alpha regions to be written to a file. ALPHA FILE enables the contents of the REQUESTS region only to be written to file. The ALPHA LOG/ ALPHA FILE facilities may be used to save data or as a general output facility. Note: After an ALPHA file has been opened, subsequent output will be directed to both the file and the screen until the file is closed, or until you change to another PDMS module.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Common Commands
Examples: ALP LOG /LF1 COMMANDS - log information displayed in the COMMANDS region in file /LF1 ALP LOG /LF1 OVER COMM
- as above, but overwrite existing file /LF1
ALP LOG /LF2
- log information displayed in both alpha regions in file /LF2
ALP FILE /LF2
- log information displayed in REQUESTS region only
This command, applicable in TTY mode only, controls the automatic output of the Current Element name and attributes. With Trace set to ON, the attributes display is automatically updated for each element accessed. With Trace set to OFF, the attribute display is not changed. When macros are being run, TRACE is always set to OFF automatically.
Examples: TRACE OFF
- Stops the automatic output of attribute data.
TRACE ON
- Restarts automatic output of Current Element name and attributes.
Command Syntax:
>-- TRAce --+-- ON ---. | | ‘-- OFF --+-->
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3.6
Defining Colours Keywords:
COLOUR ACTIVE CE VISIBLE AIDS
Description:
These commands allow colours to be defined so that the status of different types of item in the display may be distinguished by means of colour. The colours used have default settings, but these may be redefined. The colours may be assigned by using the COLOUR command to define the Red-Green-Blue mix for a colour number or to assign a predefined colour mix by name. PARAGON allows the use of 100 user-definable colours, plus some specific ones which are assigned to items which need to be readily distinguishable in the display.
Definitions: •
The Active colour is used for the catalogue component being worked on (the significant element, e.g. ELBO, VALV). If the current element is a geometric primitive, the active colour is used for all primitives owned by the significant element except the current primitive.
•
The CE colour is used for the element currently being accessed (i.e. the element highlighted in the Members list). This may be either a primitive or a significant element.
•
The Visible colour is used for any element in the display other than those to which the active or CE colours apply.
•
The Active and Visible elements together constitute the Draw List.
The predefined colour mixes which you may specify by name are as follows: Colour
Red
Green
Blue
black
0
0
0
white
100
100
100
whitesmoke
96
96
96
ivory
93
93
88
grey
66
66
66
lightgrey
75
75
75
darkgrey
32
55
55
darkslate
18
31
31
red
80
0
0
brightred
100
0
0
coralred
80
36
27
tomato
100
39
28
plum
55
40
55
deeppink
93
7
54
pink
80
57
62
salmon
98
50
44
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Common Commands
Colour
Red
Green
Blue
orange
93
60
0
brightorange
100
65
0
orangered
100
50
0
maroon
56
14
42
yellow
80
80
0
gold
93
79
20
lightyellow
93
93
82
lightgold
93
91
67
yellowgreen
60
80
20
springgreen
0
100
50
green
0
80
0
forestgreen
14
56
14
darkgreen
18
31
18
cyan
0
93
93
turquoise
0
75
80
aquamarine
46
93
78
blue
0
0
80
royalblue
28
46
100
navyblue
0
0
50
powderblue
69
88
90
midnight
18
18
31
steelblue
28
51
71
indigo
20
0
40
mauve
40
0
60
violet
93
51
93
magenta
87
0
87
beige
96
96
86
wheat
96
87
70
tan
86
58
44
sandybrown
96
65
37
brown
80
17
17
khaki
62
62
37
chocolate
93
46
13
darkbrown
55
27
8
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Common Commands
The default colour assignments are: Colour No
Colour
Current element
yellow
Visible elements
lightgrey
1
grey
2
red
3
orange
4
yellow
5
green
6
cyan
7
blue
8
violet
9
brown
10
white
11
pink
12
mauve
13
turquoise
14
indigo
15
black
16
magenta
Examples: COL 5 DARKGREEN
Colour 5 will be changed to dark green
COL 3 MIX RED 50 GRE 50 BLU 5 Colour 3 will change to the specified mix of red, green and blue COL VISIBLE BRIGHTRED
Sets the colour for displaying components to bright red
Note: When colours are mixed in their Red, Green and Blue constituents, the command line must contain values for all three constituents in the correct order. The numbers entered for the relative proportions of the basic colours must each be in the range 0100, but they are not percentages of the overall colour and so do not need to add up to 100.
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Command Syntax: >-- COLour -+| || || ‘-
integer -. | ACTIVE --| | CE ------| | VISIble -+- colour_name --> | ‘- MIX RED integer GREen integer BLUe integer -->
where colour_name is the name of any of the predefined colour mixes listed above. Querying: >-- Q COLour --+-| |-| |-| ‘--
integer -----. | ACTIVE ------| | CE ----------| | VISIble -----+-->
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Catalogue Database Structure
4
Catalogue Database Structure This chapter details the structure of the PDMS Catalogue database. Note: Words of four or five uppercase characters which appear in this chapter (for example, CATA, BLTA, SPREF) are PDMS element names. When an element’s member list is queried in PDMS, each element type will be displayed as a fourcharacter name. Five or six characters are occasionally used in this chapter where this gives a ‘PDMS’ name which is closer to the element’s ‘English’ name, for example SPREF (instead of SPRE) for Specification Reference.
4.1
What is the Catalogue For? The Catalogue in PDMS serves a purpose similar to a parts catalogue to which a pipework designer or structure designer would refer when using ‘conventional’ design methods. It contains details of all available components (piping and structural), including their dimensions, geometry and drawing symbols. Whereas the conventional parts catalogue is a book held in the DESIGN Office, the PDMS Catalogue is a database held on the computer.
4.2
Principal Features of the Catalogue Database If a new Catalogue database (DB) is required, PARAGON can be used to construct it - see Manipulating the Catalogue Database using PARAGON for details of creating and manipulating a Catalogue DB using PARAGON. The Catalogue data is held according to a strict hierarchy which is similar in form to that of the Design data. When a Component is selected by the designer using DESIGN, a Specification Reference (SPREF) is identified and held in the DESIGN database. The SPREF points to a Specification Component (SPCOM) in the Specification. This in turn points to a Catalogue Component (SCOM, SPRF, SJOI, SFIT, etc.) in the Catalogue (see Figure 4:1.: Interrelationship between Design Data, Catalogue and Specifications). Whereas the Design data is specific to a particular DESIGN, Catalogues and Specifications may be specific to a company but general to a number of projects in that company. For example, the same Catalogue Component may be referred to many times in a particular design and may also appear in other design projects proceeding at the same time. Catalogues are usually built up as a library of catalogue macros. A selection of these macros can then be used to build up a project-specific Catalogue database containing only those Components which might be used on that project.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Catalogue Database Structure
Figure 4:1.
4.3
Interrelationship between Design Data, Catalogue and Specifications
Structure of the Catalogue Database Catalogues are constructed as a hierarchy of elements. Each element has certain attributes and some may contain further member elements. The complete Catalogue hierarchy is shown in Figure 4:2.: The Catalogue Database Hierarchy. Note that in any discussion of attributes which may appear in the rest of this chapter, the ‘standard’ attributes of TYPE, NAME, OWNER and LOCK will not be mentioned, as these are common to all the elements described below. In addition, User Defined Attributes (UDAs) and User Defined Element Types (UDETs) may be used with Catalogue database elements - see the LEXICON Reference Manual for details.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Catalogue Database Structure
Figure 4:2.
4.4
The Catalogue Database Hierarchy
Catalogue (CATA) CATA is the highest level element of the Catalogue hierarchy. Its attributes include: •
DESC - a text description of the catalogue.
•
PURP - a PDMS word showing the specific purpose for which that catalogue is intended. This should be set to the same word as the Specification with which it is to be used; e.g. PIPE, FITT.
•
CSTA - the Catalogue standard.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Catalogue Database Structure
A CATA can contain a number of Catalogue Sections. These are of two types: Piping Sections (SECT) and Structural Sections (STSEC). They are the principal administrative elements by which the Catalogue is divided and arranged. The Catalogue can also contain Text elements (TEXT) - see General Text Elements. All elements referred to in a Specification (see Specification Constructor) must exist within a CATA hierarchy, although elements may exist within a CATA which are not referred to by a Specification. Note that the following elements may also exist within the Catalogue database at the same level as CATA: •
Units World (UNITS)
•
Connection Tables (CCTAB)
•
Bolt Tables (BLTAB)
•
Specification World (SPWL)
•
Group World (GPWL)
Units, Connection Tables and Bolt Tables are described in Catalogue Database Elements Setup in PARAGON, the latter element type being described in more detail in the ISODRAFT Reference Manual. Specification World elements are detailed in Specification Constructor.
4.5
Catalogue Sections (SECT and STSEC) and Categories (CATE and STCA) Sections and Categories are administrative elements which let you segregate particular types of catalogue data into logical parts of the hierarchy. Sections, which subdivide an overall CATA, are obligatory; Categories, which subdivide Sections, are optional (although their use is recommended). There are two types of Catalogue Section: Piping Sections (SECT) and Structural Sections (STSEC). Both have the following attributes: •
DESC - a textual description of the section.
•
PURP - a PDMS word showing the specific purpose for which that section is intended.
•
GTYP - a PDMS word showing the generic type for elements contained in the section. This should be the same word as that used to identify the elements in DESIGN; e.g. VALV, BEAM.
Similarly, there are two types of Category: Piping Category (CATE) and Structural Category (STCA). Both have the following principal attributes: •
DESC - a textual description of the category.
•
PURP - a PDMS word showing the specific purpose for which that category is intended. This should be set to the same STYPE as in the Specification with which it is to be used; e.g. GLOB, GATE etc. for a VALV.
•
GTYP - a PDMS word showing the generic type for elements contained in the section.
•
SKEY - a textual symbol key showing how the item is represented in isometric drawings (see the ISODRAFT Reference Manual).
•
PTRE - a reference to a 3D P-point Set (PTSE).
•
GMRE - a reference to a 3D Geometry Set (GMSE).
•
DTRE - a reference to a Data Set (DTSE).
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•
CDET - a reference to Detailing Text (DTEX).
Both types of Catalogue Section or Category contain the elements 3D P-point Set, 3D Geometry Set, Data Set, Detailing Text and Material Text, as described in Elements Used in Both Types of Catalogue Section/Category. Piping Sections/Categories may also contain Piping Components, as described in Elements Used in Piping Sections/Categories. Structural Sections/Categories may also contain Structural Components (Profiles, Joints and Fittings), Structural Pointsets, Negative 3D Geometry Sets and Structural Geometry Sets, as described in Elements Used in Structural Sections/Categories.
4.5.1
Elements Used in Both Types of Catalogue Section/Category The following elements may be used in either type of Catalogue Section or Category:
4.5.2
•
3D P-point Set (PTSET) (usually abbreviated to 3D Pointset) - a definition of the position, direction, connection type and bore of a Component’s P-points, to be used by DESIGN, ISODRAFT, etc.
•
3D Geometry Set (GMSET) (usually abbreviated to 3D Geomset) - a grouping of 3D primitive elements, defining the dimensions, orientation and obstruction geometry of each primitive. Used by DESIGN and the Drawing modules.
•
Data Set (DTSET) (usually abbreviated to Dataset) - a grouping of DATA elements, holding any catalogue data not stored more specifically elsewhere and which is required for use in DESIGN or DRAFT; e.g. the cross-sectional area of a structural steel member calculated from its parameterised dimensions.
•
Detailing Text (DTEX) - elements containing general descriptive text relating to a Component. Referred to from SPCOM elements in the Specification. For further details see Detailing Text.
•
Material Text (MTEX) - elements containing text describing the material(s) from which the physical Component is constructed. Referred to from SPCOM elements in the Specification. For further details see Material Text.
Elements Used in Piping Sections/Categories A Piping Section or Category may contain all those elements listed in Elements Used in Both Types of Catalogue Section/Category plus the following: •
4.5.3
Piping Component (COMP) - an element defining a piece of pipework. It consists of a list of values (known as component parameters) and references to a 3D Pointset element and a 3D Geomset element. The Pointset and Geomset make use of the component parameter values in defining the size, geometry and connection types of the Piping Component.
Elements Used in Structural Sections/Categories A Structural Section or Category may contain all those elements listed in Elements Used in Both Types of Catalogue Section/Category plus the following: •
Structural Pointset (PTSSET) - a definition of the position and direction of a Component’s P-lines, to be used by DESIGN.
•
Negative 3D Geometry Set (NGMSET) (usually abbreviated to Negative 3D Geomset) - a grouping of 3D negative primitive elements (representing holes, end preparations etc.), defining the dimensions, orientation and obstruction geometry of each primitive. Used by DESIGN and the Drawing modules.
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•
Structural Geometry Set (GMSSET) (usually abbreviated to Structural Geomset) - a grouping of 2D primitive elements, defining the dimensions, orientation and obstruction geometry of each primitive. Used by DESIGN and the Drawing modules.
•
Profile (PROF) - a 2D structural Component defining the cross-section of a beam, column etc. (a Section). It consists of a list of component parameters and references to a Structural Pointset element and a Structural Geomset element. The Pointset and Geomset make use of the component parameter values in defining the size and geometry of the Component. In the design process, a length is associated with a Profile to produce a Section.
•
Joint (JOIN) - a 3D structural Component defining a physical means of attaching one Section to another. It consists of a list of component parameters and references to a Structural Pointset element, a 3D Pointset element and a 3D Geomset element. The two Pointsets and the Geomset make use of the component parameter values in defining the size and geometry of the Component.
•
Fitting (FITT) - a 3D structural Component defining an object which is physically attached to a Section but is not part of the structure formed by Sections and Joints. For example, a Fitting may be used to attach a pipe hanger to a Section. The element consists of a list of component parameters and references to a 3D Pointset element and a 3D Geomset element. The Pointset and Geomset make use of the component parameter values in defining the size and geometry of the Component.
The Catalogue structure as described so far may be used in various ways, but the recommended method of use is to place only one type of element in each Catalogue Section, and to place different kinds of Components in different Catalogue Categories. For example, you might place all 3D Pointsets for Piping Components in one Piping Section and all 3D Geomsets for Piping Components in another, with separate Piping Sections for equal tees and reducing tees. When defining Profiles, you might place Profiles for Universal Beams in one Structural Section, Profiles for Unequal Angles in another, and so on.
4.6
Text (TEXT) The Text is a general element that can occupy many positions in the hierarchy. It can be used to store additional information about an owning or adjacent element. The TEXT element should not be confused with the MTEX and DTEX elements described in Elements Used in Both Types of Catalogue Section/Category. See General Text Elements for further details.
4.7
Parameters Parameters define the size, geometry and other characteristics of Components. They are used in setting the attributes of the Pointsets, Geomsets and Datasets to which Component elements refer. All classes of Component can use component parameters, design parameters and insulation parameters. Structural Components can also use attached and owning design parameters. Component parameters are defined in the Catalogue; the other classes of parameters allow characteristics to be set during the design process.
4.7.1
Component Parameters Piping Components (COMP), Profiles (PROF), Joints (JOIN) and Fittings (FITT) all have a PARAM attribute which lists the component parameters.
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Creating Catalogues, Sections and Catalogue Components describes how to set up the component parameters of a Component. You may define default values which PARAGON will use if you are working with a Component whose component parameters have not been set up. The values are set using the MODEL SETTINGS command. For example,
MODEL SETTINGS PARAM 1 10 defines a default value of 10 for component parameter number 1. See Model Settings for the full syntax of how to set default values. These default values are set up only for the current PARAGON session. They are not stored in the Catalogue DB. You must define the component parameters of a Component before you use it in the DESIGN DB.
4.7.2
Insulation Parameters A design element in the DESIGN DB refers to a main Catalogue Component (indirectly) via its Specification Reference (SPREF) attribute. The design element may also refer to a second Catalogue Component which defines the insulation of the first Component, via its Insulation Specification (ISPEC) attribute. The second Component is the Insulation Component of the design element. Insulation parameters (IPARAM) allow the main Component to take dimensions from the Insulation Component. When the main Component uses IPARAM 3, for example, it picks up the value of the PARAM 3 of the corresponding Insulation Component. When you define a Catalogue Component using insulation parameters, its dimensions are not completely specified in the Catalogue. So that PARAGON can give some idea of what the Component will look like when used in a design, you can define specimen values for the insulation parameters. These specimen values apply to all Components, unlike the component parameters which are attributes of a particular Component. The values are set using the MODEL SETTINGS command. For example,
MODEL SETTINGS IPARAM 3 25 defines a specimen value for insulation parameter number 3. See Setting Obstruction and Insulation Representation for the full syntax of how to set values for insulation parameters. The values are not stored in the Catalogue DB; they are set up only for the current PARAGON session.
4.7.3
Structural Parameters These allow Joint and Fitting Components to take dimensions from the Section or Sections (beam, column, etc.) to which they are physically connected. In this way, a basic design of Joint or Fitting may be adjusted automatically in the Design DB to fit a connected Section of any size. (Structural parameters are meaningless for Profiles.) Structural parameters are of four types: •
Attached parameters (APARAM)
•
Owning parameters (OPARAM)
•
Design attached parameters (DES APARAM)
•
Design owning parameters (DES OPARAM).
The types of structural parameter that a Component can use depends on whether it is a Piping Component, Profile, Joint or Fitting. In the case of a Joint, it also depends on how the Component is used in the Design DB.
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Joints are of two types: primary and secondary. A primary Joint has an attached Section in the Design DB; a secondary Joint has an attached Section and an owning Section. (See the DESIGN Reference Manual for details of primary and secondary Joints.) Note that primary and secondary Joints are represented by the same class of Catalogue Component, but the settings of their attributes and the attributes of their Pointsets and Geomsets are different. A Fitting Component has an owning Section in the Design DB. Components which have an attached Section (i.e. primary and secondary Joints) can use attached parameters to define the attributes of their Pointsets and Geomsets. Attached parameters correspond to the component parameters of the attached Section. For example, when a Joint component uses APARAM 2, it picks up the value of the PARAM 2 of the Joint’s attached Section. Similarly, Components which have an owning Section (i.e. secondary Joints and Fittings) can use owning parameters in defining the attributes of their Pointsets and Geomsets. Owning parameters correspond to the component parameters of the owning Section. For example, when a Joint or Fitting component uses OPARAM 5, it picks up the value of the PARAM 5 of the component’s owning Section. You can define specimen values for structural parameters in the same way as for insulation parameters. For example,
MODEL SETTINGS APARAM 2 300 defines a specimen value of 300 for attached parameter number 2. See Section 5.9? for the full syntax of how to set values for structural parameters.
4.7.4
Design DB Parameters These allow structural Components to take dimensions from Design Parameter Arrays in the Design DB. Each design element has a Design Parameter Array with ten values. (See the DESIGN Reference Manual for further details.) Design DB parameters are of three types: •
Design parameters allow any component with an SPREF to use values from the design element which refers to it (via the SPREF). For example, the DES PARAM 4 of a Component is the fourth value in the Design Parameter Array of the design element. Design parameters can be used anywhere that component parameters can be used. Design attached parameters and design owning parameters allow a Joint or Fitting Component to use values from the design elements which represent its attached and owning Sections. (Attached and owning sections are explained in Structural Parameters.) For example, the DES OPARAM 1 of a Component is the first value in the Design Parameter Array of the design element of its owning Section. Design attached parameters can be used anywhere that attached parameters can be used. Similarly, design owning parameters in place of owning parameters. You can define specimen values for Design DB parameters in the same way as for insulation parameters. For example,
MODEL SETTINGS DES PARAM 7 9.5
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defines a specimen value of 9.5 for design parameter number 7. See Model Settings for the full syntax of how to set values for Design DB parameters. Figure 4:3.: Table of Parameters and Components summarises how the various types of parameters may be used with the different classes of Component.
Applicable to: Parameter:
Profile
Prim'y Joint
Sec'y Joint
Fitting
(COMP)
(PROF)
(PJOI)
(SJOI)
(FITT)
Catalogue Component Parameters
(PARAM)
b
b
b
b
b
Insulation Parameters
(IPARAM)
b
b
b
b
b
Attached Parameters (Structural)
(APARAM)
b
b
Owning Parameters (Structural)
(OPARAM)
Design Parameters (Design DB)
(DES PARAM)
Design Attached Parameters
(DES APARAM)
Design Owning Parameters
(DES OPARAM)
Figure 4:3.
4.8
Piping Comp't
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b b
b
Table of Parameters and Components
Catalogue Components There are four classes of Catalogue Component: •
Piping Component
•
Profile
•
Joint
•
Fitting
Their attributes are described in the following sections. These attributes (other than the component parameters) must be set to actual values (words or references to other elements). They cannot be defined using parameters. A reference to an element is usually set to the name of the element, for example /PTSR3, but it can also be set as a general identifier, for example:
PTSE 4 OF SECT 2 OF CATA /ASA-CATA The attributes of Pointsets and Geomsets may be defined using component parameters, design parameters and insulation parameters. Where appropriate, attributes for structural items may also be defined using design owning parameters and design attached parameters. A component parameter may be a numeric value, an expression or a word. (The full syntax for expressions is defined in the Plant Design Software Customisation Guide.) An insulation parameter, a structural parameter or a Design DB parameter may only be a numeric value or an expression. The values assigned to parameters and the use to which they are put, and the number of parameters used, are arbitrary, depending only on the skill and experience of the user. Manipulating the Catalogue Database using PARAGON contains examples of the parameterisation of typical Components. Catalogue Components do not have member elements.
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4.8.1
Piping Component (COMP; SCOM) The attributes of a Piping Component are: •
PTREF - reference to a 3D Pointset element.
•
GMREF - reference to a 3D Geomset element.
•
PARAM - the component parameters, a list of values used in the 3D Pointset and 3D Geomset to define the Component.
•
GTYPE - a word attribute indicating the generic type of the Piping Component, selected from the following: ATTA
-
attachment
BEND
-
pipe bend
CAP
-
end cap
CLOS
-
closure
COUP
-
coupling
CROS
-
cross piece
DUCT
-
ducting
ELBO
-
fitting elbow
FBLI
-
blind flange
FILT
-
filter
FLAN or FLG
-
flange
FTUB
-
fixed length tube
GASK
-
gasket
HELE
-
hanger element
INST
-
instrument
INSU
-
insulation
LJSE
-
lap joint stub end
NOZZ
-
nozzle
OLET
-
weldolets
PCOM
-
pipe component
REDU
-
reducer
SHU
-
standard hook-up
TEE
-
fitting tee
TRAC
-
tracing
TRAP
-
steam trap
TUBE
-
implied tube
UNIO
-
union
VALV
-
valve
VENT
-
open-ended pipe or vent
VFWA
-
four-way valve
VTWA
-
three-way valve
WELD
-
weld
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The GTYPE must be set as one of the above, otherwise a data consistency check on a Branch containing the Component (see the DESIGN Reference Manual) will not work correctly. •
4.8.2
DTREF - reference to a Dataset element.
Profile (PROF; SPRF) The attributes of a Profile are: •
PSTREF - reference to a Structural Pointset element.
•
GSTREF - reference to a Structural Geomset element.
•
PARAM - the component parameters, a list of values used in the Structural Pointset and Structural Geomset to define the Component.
•
GTYPE - a word attribute indicating the generic type of the Profile. Any word value may be used. The following are suggested:
•
4.8.3
BEAM
-
beam
BRAC
-
brace
COLU
-
column
GANT
-
gantry
GIRD
-
girder
JOIS
-
joist
PILE
-
pile
PROF
-
profile
PURL
-
purlin
RIDG
-
ridge
SDRA
-
side rail
DTREF - reference to a Dataset element.
Joint (JOIN; SJOI) The attributes of a Joint are: •
PSTREF - reference to a Structural Pointset element.
•
PTREF - reference to a 3D Pointset element.
•
GMREF - reference to a 3D Geomset element.
•
PARAM - the component parameters, a list of values used in the Structural Pointset, 3D Pointset and 3D Geomset to define the Component.
•
GTYPE - a word attribute indicating the generic type of the Joint. Any word value may be used. The following are suggested:
•
BASE
-
base
JOIN
-
joint
KNEE
-
knee
CTYA - a word attribute indicating how the Joint is fixed to the attached Section (the Joint’s connection type for the attached Section). Any word value may be used. If the
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connection type attribute of the attached Section (CTYS or CTYE) has not been set when the Joint is selected in the design process, the attribute will automatically be set to the value of CTYA. The PDMS data consistency checks (see the DESIGN Reference Manual) check whether the connection type attributes of the Joint and attached Section match.
4.8.4
•
CTYO - similar to CTYA, but for the Joint’s owning Section (secondary Joints only).
•
DTREF - reference to a Dataset element.
Fitting (FITT; SFIT) The attributes of a Fitting are: •
PTREF - reference to a 3D Pointset element.
•
GMREF - reference to a 3D Geomset element.
•
PARAM - the component parameters, a list of values used in the Structural Pointset, 3D Pointset and 3D Geomset to define the Component.
•
GTYPE - a word attribute indicating the generic type of the Fitting. Any word value may be used, but the word FITT is suggested.
•
CTYA - a word attribute used only if the Fitting is attached to a pipe hanger in the Design DB. Any word value may be used. If the connection type attribute of the pipe hanger (HCON or TCON) has not been set when the Fitting is selected in the design process, the attribute will automatically be set to the value of CTYA. The PDMS data consistency checks (see the DESIGN Reference Manual) check whether the connection type attributes of the Fitting and pipe hanger match.
•
DTREF - reference to a Dataset element.
Note: For details of the MODEL SETTINGS command syntax used to set default values for component parameters, and specimen values for other classes of parameter, see Model Settings.
4.9
Component Parts The GPART element allows catalogue components to be fully defined in one place and without the need for specifications, and these can be used by all disciplines. The GPART element has the same standard attributes as a SPCO, including CATREF, DETREF, MATXT, CMPREF and BLTREF, along with other attributes specific to the Part. It is also possible to add any number of user defined properties to each individual Part. Parts can be added to the Selection Tables for selecting Parts in the design module, and these can be used for all disciplines except piping. For the piping discipline it is possible to add Parts to Piping Specifications in the same way as SPCO’s. It is possible to select Parts in the design model directly from the catalogue, using filtered searches.
4.9.1
Hierarchy Parts are defined under a new Part World hierarchy:
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The PRTELE’s can be used to define a hierarchy with any number of levels, allowing flexible grouping of Parts in the database.
4.10
Selection Tables Selection Tables are used for selecting Component Parts in the design model. They provide the following methods of selection: 1. Selection Criteria can be used to offer you a choice of Parts based on the current design context (e.g. captain or crew cabin, inside or outside hull, etc.) 2. Attributes Filters can be used to allow you to search the selection table for Parts with matching attributes. 3. A combination of 1 and 2 can be used. Note: It will also be possible to use attribute filters to select Parts directly from the catalogue without using selection tables at all, however the use of selection tables is recommended where only a subset of the whole Part catalogue should be used on a particular project.
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4.10.1
Hierarchy Selection tables will be stored under a new hierarchy as shown below:
1. The Table Group will contain Selection Tables that are related in some way (at least one table group for each discipline). 2. The Selection Table will contain one Table Header and numerous Table Items. 3. The Table Header defines the selection questions for that table. 4. The Table Items have a reference to the corresponding Part, and hold the selection answers for that Part.
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5
Manipulating the Catalogue Database using PARAGON PARAGON has a Graphical User Interface consisting of forms and menus. The interface provides access to the most commonly used facilities. To enter direct command syntax, use the Display>Command Line menu option to open a special window which accepts command inputs and displays system outputs. This section describes PARAGON keyboard-entered commands in detail. If you need information on how to use PARAGON to carry out the principal Catalogue design activities with minimal use of the keyboard, by using the Graphical User Interface, refer to the Catalogues and Specifications User Guide.
5.1
Basic Element Operation Commands
5.1.1
Querying QUERY
5.1.2
e.g. QUERY ATTRIBUTES
Creation, Deletion etc NEW
e.g. NEW SECTION
DELETE
e.g. DELETE SREC
REORDER
e.g. REORDER 5 BEFORE 3
COPY
e.g. COPY /VALVES2-1
RENAME
e.g. RENAME /UEANGLE80 /UEANGLE100
INCLUDE
e.g. INCLUDE SCOM 6 OF /FLAN300 BEFORE 2
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5.1.3
Implicit Element Referencing OLD END SAME CE OWNER GOTO
5.1.4
e.g. GOTO PTREF
List Position Changing FIRST
(Can be just command word by itself or followed by element
LAST
type, for example FIRST LCYL)
NEXT PREVIOUS number
5.1.5
list position number, e.g. ‘5’
Standard Attribute Setting NAME UNNAME LOCK UNLOCK These commands are those which are common to all ‘constructor’ modules of PDMS and some are used in this chapter without further explanation. However, the element types which the above commands operate on relate to the Catalogue database rather than the Design database (so, for example, NEXT SITE is meaningless in PARAGON).
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5.2
Creating Catalogues, Sections and Catalogue Components Catalogues and Sections are created using the NEW command. You would normally also specify names by which you can recognise and refer to the elements created. For example:
NEW CATA /ANSI-CATALOGUE will create a Catalogue with the name /ANSI-CATALOGUE in the Catalogue database.
NEW SECT /FLANGES NEW STSEC /PROFILES will create a Piping Section with the name /FLANGES and a Structural Section with the name /PROFILES. Similarly,
NEW CATEG /ANSI-B16.5-CLASS-300-BLIND-FLANGES NEW STCAT /UNIVERSAL-BEAM will create a Piping Category and a Structural Category with the names given. A Catalogue Component is represented by one of the Component elements SCOM, SPRF, SJOI, SFIT (see Catalogue Components).
NEW SCOM will create a Piping Component with unspecified component parameters, the values of which may be set later. If the Component is to be named, this can be done at the same time; for example,
NEW SFIT /EKAA2VEE The attributes of the Component (see Catalogue Components) are set simply by following the attribute with the word, name or value(s) to be assigned to it. For example:
NEW SCOM GTYPE ELBO PTREF /PSE1 GMREF /GSE1 PARAM 20 19.1 12.7 37.1 BWD The above commands create a Piping Component, of generic type ELBO, which is defined by 3D Pointset /PSE1 and 3D Geomset /GSE1, and which has the five component parameters shown. The Pointset and Geomset which are referred to by name must already exist; they would have been created by the commands
NEW PTSET /PSE1 NEW GMSET /GSE1 All five component parameters have been given values using a single command line, but they can be given values individually by using commands such as
PARAM[1] 20 PARAM{2] 19 ... etc. Note: You can only use the PARAM[number] syntax to change the value of a parameter which has already been set.
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This facility allows component parameter definitions to be ‘edited’. (Caution: If you delete a COMP which is referred to by a SPCO - via the CATREF attribute of a design component this reference will be lost.). The use of component parameters and the other classes of parameter is discussed and illustrated in the next section. Note: If you give a PARAM command with, say, four values as a single command line, PARAGON sets the values of the first four component parameters and deletes all the rest. You may define default values which PARAGON will use if you are working with a Component whose component parameters have not been set up. See Parameters for details. The attributes of a Component may be queried by a
QUERY ATTRIBUTES command, or may be queried individually by name. Component parameters can be queried as a set by using the command
QUERY PARAMETERS or singly by using commands such as
QUERY PARAMETER[1] QUERY PARAMETER[2] etc.
5.3
Using Parameters
5.3.1
Introduction Piping Components, Profiles and Fittings each use one type of Pointset and one type of Geomset. Joints use both types of Pointset and one type of Geomset. The attributes of Pointsets and Geomsets may be defined in terms of parameters, set either explicitly or as real expressions (which may themselves incorporate the current settings of other parameters). (The classes of parameter which may be used depend on the class of Component - see Parameters for details.) For example, the bore of a P-point could be defined by entering
PBORE (PARAM[1]) This means that the value assigned to the bore of the P-point is the value of the first component parameter. The Y dimension of a box in a 3D Geomset used by a Joint could be defined as the expression
PYLEN (APARAM[2] + 3) This means that the Y dimension of the box is to be given a value in the design process, taken from the Section to which the Joint is attached. The value of the Y dimension of the box is the value of the second component parameter of the attached Profile plus 3 mm.
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The use of parameters makes it possible to use the same Pointsets and Geomsets for large numbers of catalogue items. For example, there may be families of tees, valves, I-beam profiles etc., each family containing items which are geometrically similar. In this way, the Catalogue size and the effort needed to prepare input data are minimised. Examples of the parameterisation of typical Components are given later in this chapter. The values assigned to parameters, the uses to which they are put, and the number of parameters used, are arbitrary, depending only on the skill and experience of the user, except in the special case of a Piping Component which represents implied tubing (GTYPE attribute set to TUBE) and which has no Geomset. In this case, component parameter 2 must be the outside diameter. If the tube is to be insulated, insulation parameter 1 must be twice the thickness of the insulation. Note: on the use of Insulation Parameters: Insulation parameters may be used in two ways. They may be used in an additive manner to increase the diameter or length of a primitive or, if there is a significant change in the geometry from the uninsulated to the insulated form, they may be used to define a new primitive. Where there is no insulation, the insulation parameters will be zero, yielding a primitive of zero diameter (but probably non-zero length).
5.3.2
Expressions Using Parameters Any expression which includes parameters and which evaluates to a real result may be built into definitions of Pointsets and Geomsets. For example:
PDIA (4.5 * PARA[2]) PDIS (-PARA[2]) PBOR (PARA[7] + IPARA[1]) PHEI (PARA[2] + 50) PDIS (APARA[2] - PARA[7]) PDIA (-(PARA[1] - PARA[5])) PX (2 * OPARA[3]) PTDIS (PARA[2] * DESP[5]) PHEI (PARA[4] / ODESP[1]) PZ (5 * (ADESP[3] * PARA[9]) PDIS (3.1 * (PARA[1] + HEIG)) PHEI (PARA[1] * TAN (ANGL / 2)) (For the full range of expression syntax available, see the DESIGN Software Customisation Guide.)
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5.4
Examples of Parameterisation Example 1 A Slip-On Flange
Figure 5:1.
Example of Parameterisation for a Slip-On Flange
A slip-on flange can be parameterised using five component parameters, as shown in Figure 5:1.: Example of Parameterisation for a Slip-On Flange. •
PARAM 1 - PBORE
•
PARAM 2 - Outside Diameter
•
PARAM 3 - Thickness
•
PARAM 4 - Connection Type at P1
•
PARAM 5 - Connection Type at P2
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Example 2 A Reducing Tee
Figure 5:2.
Example of Parameterisation for a Reducing Tee
A reducing tee might be parameterised using 12 component parameters, as shown in Figure 5:2.: Example of Parameterisation for a Reducing Tee. •
PARAM 1 - Nominal bore of main run (PBOR1)
•
PARAM 2 - Outside diameter of main run
•
PARAM 3 - Nominal bore of branch (PBOR3)
•
PARAM 4 - Outside diameter of branch
•
PARAM 5 - Half overall length of main run
•
PARAM 6 - Standout length of branch run
•
PARAM 7 - Connection type of main run
•
PARAM 8 - Connection type of branch run
•
PARAM 9 - Flange diameter of main run
•
PARAM 10 - Flange thickness of main run
•
PARAM 11 - Flange diameter of branch run
•
PARAM 12 - Flange thickness of branch run
Other families of tees could be defined as follows: •
Equal and reducing welded tees using parameters 1-8
•
Equal and reducing flanged tees using all the parameters
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Example 3 A Universal Beam Profile
Figure 5:3.
Example of Parameterisation for a Universal Beam Profile
A Universal Beam Profile might be parameterised using four component parameters, as shown in Figure 5:3.: Example of Parameterisation for a Universal Beam Profile. •
PARAM 1 - Overall height of Profile
•
PARAM 2 - Flange width
•
PARAM 3 - Web thickness
•
PARAM 4 - Flange thickness
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Example 4 An Angle Joint
Figure 5:4.
Example of Parameterisation for an Angle Joint
An Angle Joint might be parameterised using three component parameters and two attached parameters, as shown in Figure 5:4.: Example of Parameterisation for an Angle Joint.
5.5
•
PARAM 1 - Overall height of angle leg
•
PARAM 2 - Overall length of angle foot
•
PARAM 3 - Thickness of leg and foot
•
APARA 1 - Height of profile of attached Section
•
APARA 2 - Width of flange of attached Section
Constructing 3D Pointsets A 3D Pointset defines the connection information of a Piping Component, Joint or Fitting as explained in Component Design. For the three types of P-point elements which may be contained in a 3D Pointset, you must define the following attributes:
5.5.1
PTAXI •
A P-point number (NUMB)
•
An axis direction (PAXI) (parallel to X, Y, Z or in the XY, YZ or ZX plane)
•
A distance along the specified axis (PDIS)
If the Pointset is used by a Piping Component, you may optionally define the attributes: •
Connection type (PCON)
•
Bore (PBOR)
•
P-point symbol key (PSKEY) (see Defining a Direction)
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PCON and PBOR are meaningless if the Pointset is used by a Joint or Fitting.
Figure 5:5.
5.5.2
Example of three Axial P-Points
PTCAR •
A P-point number (NUMB)
•
An axis direction (PTCDIR) (in any plane)
•
An explicit position (PX, PY, PZ) (explicit coordinates)
If the Pointset is used by a Piping Component, you may optionally define the attributes: •
Connection type (PCON)
•
Bore (PBOR)
•
P-point symbol key (PSKEY) (see Defining a Direction)
PCON and PBOR are meaningless if the Pointset is used by a Joint or Fitting.
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Figure 5:6.
5.5.3
Example of two Cartesian P-Points
PTMIX •
A P-point number (NUMB)
•
An axis direction (PAXI) (parallel to X, Y, Z or in the XY, YZ or ZX plane)
•
An explicit position (PX, PY, PZ) (explicit coordinates)
If the Pointset is used by a Piping Component, you may optionally define the attributes: •
Connection type (PCON)
•
Bore (PBOR)
•
P-point symbol key (PSKEY) (see Defining a Direction)
PCON and PBOR are meaningless if the Pointset is used by a Joint or Fitting.
Figure 5:7.
Example of two Mixed P-Points
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5.5.4
Example of Defining a 3D Pointset A suitable 3D Pointset for the reducing tee shown in Figure 5:2.: Example of Parameterisation for a Reducing Tee would be created as follows: NEW PTSET /RTPTSE
Create new 3D Pointset
NEW PTAX
Create axial P-point element
NUMBER 1
P1
PAXI -Y
Direction of P1 along negative Y axis
PDIS (PARA[5])
Distance along axis from P0 = half overall length
PCON (PARA[7])
Connection type at P1
PBOR (PARA[1])
Nominal bore at P1
NEW PTAX NUM 2 PAXI Y PDIS (PARA[5]) PCON (PARA[7]) PBOR (PARA[1]) NEW PTAX NUM 3 PAXI X PDIS (PARA[6]) PCON (PARA[8]) PBOR (PARA[3]) Notice how all the P-point attributes may be defined on one line. The last P-point (P3) could alternatively be defined as a Cartesian P-point: NEW PTCAR NUM 3 PCON (PARA[8]) PBOR (PARA[3]) PX (PARA[6]) PY 0 PZ 0 PTCDIR X Further examples of the construction of typical 3D Pointsets are given in Appendix C. Reference information concerning the setting up of the P-point attributes is given in the following subsections.
5.5.5
Defining an Axis The PAXI attribute of a P-point can be defined in one of two ways: •
by a direction letter, e.g. PAXI Z
•
by an angle in the XY plane (see below). You can specify the angle as •
a number
•
DDANGLE
•
a parameter
•
TWICE a parameter
The classes of parameter which you can use depend on the class of the Component which uses the P-point - see Parameters for details. If you do not define the axis, PAXI Y is assumed.
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Figure 5:8.
5.5.6
P-point Axis Definition
Defining a Distance Distance in a PTAXI element is defined by the PDISTANCE keyword (minimum abbreviation PDIS) followed by a value or a parameter function. For example:
PDIS 100
sets P-point position to 100 units along defined axis
PDIS (PARAM[1]
sets P-point position to (value of first component parameter) units along defined axis
If you do not define the distance, a value of zero is assumed. For the reducing tee shown in Figure 5:2.: Example of Parameterisation for a Reducing Tee, the position of P-point 3 could be defined by the commands:
PAXI X PDIS (PARAM[2]) since PARAM 2 is the dimension called ‘height’.
5.5.7
Defining an Explicit Position Position in a PTCAR element and a PTMIX element is defined by the PX, PY and PZ keywords, each followed by a value or a parameter function. For example: PX 100
sets P-point X coordinate to 100
PY (0.5 * APARA[3])
sets Y coordinate to (0.5 times value of third attached parameter) units
PZ (PARA[2] * SIN (ANGLE / 2)) sets Z coordinate to (second component parameter times sine of half design angle) units If you do not define a coordinate, a value of zero is assumed.
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5.5.8
Defining a Direction Direction in a PTCAR element is defined by the PTCDIRECTION keyword (minimum abbreviation PTCDIR), followed by the direction specified in terms of the X, Y, Z axes and rotations towards those axes. For example: PTCDIR X45Y
direction is along the X axis, rotated 45 degrees towards the Y axis
PTCDIR X(ANGL / 2)Y45U
includes an expression for the Y component
For other examples, see Figure 5:6.: Example of two Cartesian P-Points. Note that any one, any two, or all three of X, Y, Z may be present in the PTCDIR command line, in any order. The rotation value may be positive, negative or absent altogether (i.e. zero). If you do not define the direction, DIR Y is assumed.
5.5.9
Defining Connection, Bore and Number These three attributes are common to all three types of P-point elements, and are set by the PBORE, PCONNECTION and NUMBER (minimum abbreviations PBOR, PCON, NUM) commands respectively. PBOR and PCON may be set as parameter functions as well as words. Examples:
PBORE (0.5 * PARAM[2]) PCONN BWD PCONN (PARAM[7]) NUMBER 3 If you do not define the bore or the P-point number, a value of zero is assumed.
5.5.10
Controlling the Appearance How a P-point is drawn depends on the REPRESENTATION settings. This is discussed in P-point and P-line Representation.
5.5.11
Specifying Pipe End Conditions for use by ISODRAFT The symbol used by ISODRAFT to represent a particular piping component on an isometric drawing is determined by the symbol key (SKEY attribute setting) for that component. (See the ISODRAFT Reference Manual for a full explanation of this concept.) By default, each SKEY has associated with it a standard end condition (showing the pipe connection type) which applies to each of the component’s connection points. The end condition for any individual connection point may be modified, if required, by setting the PSKEY attribute of the corresponding P-point to a PDMS word chosen from the following: BW
Butt Weld
CP
Compression
FL
Flange
SC
Screwed
SW
Socket Weld
PL
Plain
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The effect of setting PSKEY to one of these words for a P-point of type PTAXI, PTCAR or PTMIX is that ISODRAFT will then add the symbolic representation of the specified end condition to the symbol derived from the corresponding SKEY when it plots an isometric drawing showing the component. The default setting for PSKEY is always NULL, which means that ISODRAFT plots only the standard end conditions for the symbol. Note that the effect is additive, so that ISODRAFT superimposes any user-specified end condition (derived from a non-Null PSKEY setting) on top of any end condition which forms part of the standard symbol associated with the SKEY. The use of the PSKEY facility is, therefore, applicable mainly to components which do not have other end conditions already defined, particularly those associated with user-defined symbols (as detailed in the ISODRAFT Reference Manual).
5.6
Constructing Structural Pointsets A Structural Pointset defines the connection information of a Profile or Joint as explained in Structural Pointsets (PTSSET). A Structural Pointset has a neutral axis reference attribute in addition to the standard attributes, and contains P-lines.
5.6.1
Example of Defining a Structural Pointset A suitable Structural Pointset for the Profile shown in Figure 5:3.: Example of Parameterisation for a Universal Beam Profile would be created as follows: NEW PTSSET /UBPTSE
Create new Structural Pointset
NEW PLIN /UB-TOS
Create P-line element for top of steel
PKEY TOS
Define key
PLAXI Y
Direction of P-line along positive Y axis
PY (0.5 * PARA[1])
Distance in Y direction from component origin = half overall height. (There is no need to set PX, because it is zero.)
Notice how all the P-line attributes may be defined on one line. Reference information concerning the setting up of the P-line attributes is given in Defining an Axis to Controlling the Appearance.
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5.6.2
The Neutral Axis Reference The neutral axis reference identifies a P-line in the Structural Pointset. It is set by the NAREF command. The attribute is usually set to the name of the P-line, but may be set to the P-line’s number in the member list of the Pointset. For example: NAREF /UB-NA
Sets neutral axis reference to the P-line called /UB-NA
NAREF 3
Sets neutral axis reference to the third P-line of the Structural Pointset
If you do not set NAREF, DESIGN will make an assumption about where the neutral axis is. You are strongly recommended to set the neutral axis reference in the Catalogue. DESIGN will use as the neutral axis the first P-line in the Structural Pointset which has a PKEY value of NA, if any. Failing that, it will choose the first P-line with a PKEY value of NAXI, and failing that, it will choose the first P-line with a PKEY value of ZAXI. If there are no P-lines with a PKEY value of NA or NAXI or ZAXI, DESIGN will assume that the neutral axis of the Component lies at the component origin and has a direction along the positive Y axis.
Figure 5:9.
5.6.3
P-line Axis Definition
Defining an Axis The PLAXI attribute of a P-line can be defined in one of two ways: •
by a direction letter, e.g. PLAXI Y
•
by an angle in the XY plane (see below). You can specify the angle as •
a numbe
•
DDANGLE
•
a parameter
• TWICE a parameter The classes of parameter which you can use depend on the class of the Component which uses the P point - see Parameters for details. If you do not define the axis, PLAXI Y is assumed.
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5.6.4
Defining a Position Position in a P-line element is defined by the PX and PY keywords, each followed by a value or a parameter function. For example: PX 50
sets P-line X coordinate to 50
PY (0.5 * DESPAR[2])
sets P-line Y coordinate to 0.5 * (value of second design parameter) units
If you do not define a coordinate, a value of zero is assumed.
5.6.5
Defining a Key A P-line is identified by its key in the same way as a P-point is identified by its number. The key is defined by the PKEY keyword followed by a word. For example: PKEY TOS
sets P-line key to TOS
PKEY may be set to any desired word value. Typical values are:
5.6.6
TOS
Top of steel, for a P-line at the top of the Profile
BOS
Bottom of steel, for a P-line at the bottom of the Profile
NA, NAXI or ZAXI
Neutral axis P-line
Controlling the Appearance Whether a P-line is drawn or not depends on the settings of its LEVEL, TUFLA and CLFLA attributes, and the REPRESENTATION settings. How a P-line is drawn also depends on the REPRESENTATION settings. See P-point and P-line Representation for details.
5.7
Constructing 3D Geomsets A 3D Geomset is a grouping of the primitive elements which make up a Piping Component, Joint or Fitting. It specifies the dimensions, orientation and obstruction geometry of each primitive. The Geomset defines what is drawn for a particular Component by PARAGON (and other PDMS modules), and also defines the obstruction geometry of the Component for use when clash checking. Each Component is built up from a combination of threedimensional primitives, as listed in 3D Geomsets (GMSET). Creating a Geomset consists of creating the relevant member primitives and setting the attributes for each primitive. For each primitive the OBST attribute must be set, whilst for a primitive that is required to be drawn the LEVEL, TUFLA and CLFLA attributes must also be set. (See Component Design and Representation in PARAGON and the DESIGN Reference Manual for details of these attributes.) 3D Geomset elements and their attributes are listed in 3D Geomset Primitives. Note: Only the first 20 primitives in a Geomset with OBST values of 1 or 2 are considered by DESIGN’s clash checking facility. By using the TUFLA and CLFLA flags, you can create two different drawings of a Component, a double-line representation (tube) and a single-line ‘stick’ representation (centreline).
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To define the tube representation for the tee shown in Figure 5:2.: Example of Parameterisation for a Reducing Tee (with clash geometry) the commands shown below could be used. (The P-points in the following examples relate to the Pointset defined in PTAXI.) NEW GMSET /RTGMSE
Create new 3D Geomset
NEW SCYL
Create cylinder primitive
PAXI -Y
Direction of axis on which SCYL origin lies
PDIS (PARA[5])
Distance of SCYL origin from tee origin = half overall length
PDIA (PARA[2])
Outside diameter of main run
PHEI (-2 * PARA[5])
Height of SCYL
OBST 2
Set obstruction value as ‘hard’
TUFL TRUE CLFL FALSE
Set drawing flags
NEW SCYL PAXI X PDIS 0 PHEI (PARA[6]) PDIA (PARA[4]) OBST 2 TUFL TRUE CLFL FALSE To define the centreline representation for the tee (with welded joints), the following commands could be used. Figure 5:10.: Centreline Representation of a Reducing Tee shows the symbol produced. The illustration is drawn with REPRESENTATION PPOINTS ON LENGTH 0 NUMBERS ON. The P-points are thus displayed as dots, but they cannot be seen because they lie on the displayed LINEs.
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Figure 5:10. Centreline Representation of a Reducing Tee
NEW SSPH
Create sphere primitive (to represent weld)
PAXI -Y
Direction of axis on which sphere origin lies
PDIS (PARA[5])
Distance of sphere origin from tee origin = half overall length
PDIA (0.1 * PARA[1])
Sphere diameter relative to bore size
OBST 0
Clash checking to ignore item
TUFLA FALSE CLFL TRUE
Set drawing flags
NEW SSPH PAXI P2
Set axis direction and origin in terms of P-point 2
PDIS 0
PAXI P2 PDIS 0 is equivalent to PAXI Y PDIS (PARA[5]))
PDIA (0.1 * PARA[1]) OBST 0 CLFL TRUE NEW SSPH PAXI P3 PDIS 0 PDIA (0.1 * PARA[3]) OBST 0 CLFL TRUE NEW LINE P3 P0
Define line elements
OBST 0 CLFL TRUE DIAM 1
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NEW LINE P1 P2 OBST 0 CLFL TRUE DIAM 1 Note how a P-point has been used to define an axis direction and origin for a primitive - see Reference Section for details. To put the flanges on the tee the first two representations (as given above) would remain the same but the centreline representation would not need the SSPH elements (which represent the welds). The latter are replaced by using the following commands to represent the flanged connections:
Constructing Structural Geomsets A Structural Geomset is a grouping of the 2D primitive elements which make up a Profile. Like the 3D Geomset, it specifies the dimensions, orientation and obstruction geometry of each primitive. It also defines the symbol that is drawn for a particular Component and the obstruction geometry of the Component. The Profile is built up from a combination of Structural Rectangles (SREC) and Structural Annuli (SANN), as described in Structural Geomsets (GMSSET). Structural Geomset elements and their attributes are listed in Structural Geomset Primitives. To define the tube representation for the Profile shown in Figure 5:3.: Example of Parameterisation for a Universal Beam Profile, the commands shown below could be used. A simplified clash geometry for the Profile is specified by defining a bounding box for the Profile with ‘hard’ obstruction and giving the primitives of the Profile itself ’no obstruction’. The P-lines used are those defined in Example of Defining a Structural Pointset. NEW GMSSET /UBGMSS
Create new 2D Geomset
NEW SRECT
Create rectangle primitive for web
PXLE (PARA[1])
Web thickness
PYLE (PARA[1] - 2 * PARA[4])
Web length (PX and PY are zero, so there is no need to set them)
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TUFL TRUE CLFL FALSE
Set drawing flags
OBST 0
Set obstruction value as ‘none’
NEW SRECT
Create rectangle primitive for lower flange
PXLE (PARA[2]) PYLE (PARA[4]) PY (-0.5 * (PARA[1] - PARA[4])) PLAXI Y TUFL TRUE CLFL FALSE OBST 0 NEW SRECT
Create rectangle which bounds the Profile
PXLE (PARA[2]) PYLE (PARA[1]) PLAXI Y TUFL FALSE CLFL FALSE
Set both drawing flags ‘off’
OBST 2
Set obstruction value as ‘hard’
A P-line may be used to define an axis direction and position for a primitive. The example below shows how the upper flange could be positioned and orientated using a P-line. See Reference Section for details. PLAXI TOS
Set axis direction and origin in terms of P-line TOS
PY (-0.5 * PARA[4])
Position of rectangle origin relative to position of P-line
5.9
Reference Section
5.9.1
Parameter-Controlled Attributes The following attributes of P-points, P-lines and Geomset primitives may be set equal to parameters or functions of parameters (as well as to constant values):
PDIStance PBBT
PBDIstance
PBTP
PDIAmeter
PCBT
PBRAdius
POFFset
PBOFfset
PXLEngth
PBORe PXTShear
PCTP
PBDMeter
PRADius PX
PTDIstance
PCONnect
PTDMeter PTRAdius
PWIDth
PANGle
PCOFfset
PY
PYLEngth
PZ
PZLEngth
PHEIght
PYTShear
PXBShear
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5.9.2
Axial Attributes Axial attributes of both 3D and 2D primitives define a position and a direction. An axial attribute of a 3D primitive may be specified as a direction in one, two or three dimensions or as a P-point. Similarly, the axial attribute of a 2D primitive may be specified as a direction in one or two dimensions or as a P-line. If an axial attribute of a 3D primitive is specified as a P-point, the direction of the axis is taken to be the direction of the P-point, and the origin of the axis to be the position of the Ppoint. If the axial attribute is specified as a direction, the origin of the axis is taken to be the component origin, i.e. the position of P-point 0. Examples: PAAX -P2
sets PAAX to be opposite the direction of P-point 2 with its origin at the position of the P-point
PBAX X34-Y
sets PBAX to the given direction from the component origin
PCAX X45Y30Z
sets PCAX to the given direction from the component origin
PAXI X DDANG Z
takes the Design DDANGLE and calculates the direction accordingly
where is >--+-- X --. | | |-- Y --| | | ‘-- Z --+-->
If the axial attribute of a 2D primitive is specified as a P-line, the direction of the axis is taken to be the direction of the P-line, and the origin of the axis to be the position of the P-line. If the axial attribute is specified as a direction or direction expression, the origin of the axis is taken to be the component origin. Examples: PLAX PLIN NAXI
sets PLAX to be the direction of the P-line whose PKEY attribute is NAXI; the origin of the axis is at the position of the P-line
PLAX X60-Y
sets PLAX to the given direction from the component origin
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6
Component Design and Representation in PARAGON This chapter introduces the methods of Component design and graphical representation in PARAGON; in particular the MODEL, MODEL SETTINGS and REPRESENTATION commands are detailed.
6.1
Component Design Assuming that you have opened a suitable 3D view, the interactive graphical Component design process in PARAGON is initiated using the MODEL command. If a new Component is to be designed, then a new catalogue element must first be specified by a command such as
NEW SCOM /CR2-1
(at SECT or CATE level)
NEW SPRF /UB4-A
(at STSEC or STCAT level)
or
The command
MODEL CE (for ‘Model Current Element’) will add the new component to the 3D view. Note: The MODEL CE command is valid only for SCOM, SPRF, JOIN, and SFIT elements. Only complete Components may be displayed in this way - individual Pointsets and Geomsets may not be, although these items will easily be distinguishable. (Geomset and/or Pointset elements can be removed from the display with the aid of the REPRESENTATION command - see P-point and P-line Representation). The MODEL SETTINGS command can be used to specify the Component Design Data attributes. For example,
MODEL SETTINGS DDRADIUS 75 DDHEIGHT 200 gives the Design Data attributes DDRADIUS and DDHEIGHT values of 75mm and 200mm respectively. The DDRADIUS, DDHEIGHT and DDANGLE attributes are the Design parameters used in the selection process for variable Components. In PARAGON it is possible to use these attributes as part of the Component design. For example, whereas an attribute such as PHEIGHT would normally be defined in terms of parameters, a command such as:
PHEI DDHEIGHT
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(assuming a suitable current element) would set PHEIGHT to the Design height. (In such a case, a MODEL SETTINGS command would need to be followed by a MODEL CE command before any change in the display would be observed.) To produce a display of a Component with insulation, the bore, temperature and working pressure of the Component must be known. To this end the MODEL SETTINGS command can be used to set the BORE, TEMP and PRESSURE. This must be done before the Insulation Specification, INSPEC, can be specified. For example,
MODEL SETTINGS TEMP 300 BORE 80 would set the temperature and bore Design Data attributes (the pressure would stay at its default value, see below). The Insulation Spec may then be specified by a command such as
MODEL SETTINGS INSPEC /INSUL1 Assuming the drawing REPRESENTATION (see Reference Section) is correctly set, the Component will then be displayed with insulation shown. All Design settings can be restored to their defaults by
MODEL SETTINGS DEFAULT Note: This command also deletes all default and specimen values of parameters. It unsets the Insulation Specification. The default values of the Design Data attributes, and the full syntax of how to set them, are given in Reference Section. QUERY MODEL SETTINGS will output the Design settings currently in use. The Design process is turned off by
MODEL END which also has the effect of clearing the display.
6.2
P-point and P-line Representation
6.2.1
P-points P-points may be displayed in PARAGON in one of two ways. The form of display is controlled by the REPRESENTATION PPOINTS command as illustrated in Figure 6:1.: Specifying P-points On or Off.
Figure 6:1.
Specifying P-points On or Off
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The size of the arrow may also be controlled by the REPRESENTATION PPOINTS command, as illustrated in Figure 6:2.: Specifying P-point Length. The overall length of the arrow is specified in millimetres. The default length is 50mm. Specifying a length of zero causes the P-point to appear as a dot.
Figure 6:2.
Specifying P-point Length
The P-point numbers may be omitted, or they may be displayed any size, the size being specified in millimetres. The default size is 5 mm. The size of the numbers is controlled by the REPRESENTATION PPOINTS command, as illustrated in Figure 6:3.: Specifying Ppoint Number Representation.
Figure 6:3.
Specifying P-point Number Representation
Both LENGTH and NUMBERS may be set in the same command, for example:
REPRESENTATION PPOINTS ON LENGTH 25 NUMBERS ON SIZE 7 Note: P-points are always displayed in some form. They cannot be omitted from the display completely. See Reference Section at the end of this chapter for the full syntax of the REPRESENTATION PPOINTS command.
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6.2.2
P-lines P-lines may be displayed in PARAGON in one of two ways. The form of display is controlled by the REPRESENTATION PLINES command as illustrated in Figure 6:4.: Specifying Plines On or Off.
Figure 6:4.
Specifying P-lines On or Off
The P-line identifier keys may be omitted or displayed. This is also controlled by the REPRESENTATION PLINES command, as illustrated in Figure 6:5.: Specifying P-line Identifier Key Representation.
Figure 6:5.
Specifying P-line Identifier Key Representation
P-line length (default 50mm) and size (default 5mm) can also be controlled. See Reference Section at the end of this chapter for the full syntax of the REPRESENTATION PLINES command. Unlike P-points, P-lines can be omitted from the display completely. Whether a P-line is drawn or not depends on the settings of three of its attributes: •
LEVEL - the drawing level range
•
CLFLA - the centreline drawing flag attribute
•
TUFLA - the tube drawing flag attribute
LEVEL is a pair of integers. CLFLA and TUFLA are logical attributes which are set to TRUE or FALSE (corresponding to ‘ON’ or ‘OFF’ respectively). When you first create a P-line, CLFLA and TUFLA are both FALSE. Control is initially on the setting of LEVEL. If the PARAGON LEVEL setting is within the LEVEL range specified for the P-line (as its LEVEL attribute) then the P-line will be considered for drawing, otherwise it will not be. If the level condition is satisfied, then whether a P-line is displayed or not in PARAGON depends upon the settings of its CLFLA
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and TUFLA attributes and upon the settings of the drawing options specified by the REPRESENTATION command. The REPRESENTATION command provides a means of effectively overriding the settings of the P-line’s drawing attributes without changing them. An example REPRESENTATION command is
REPRESENTATION TUBE ON CL OFF (The word CENTRELINE may be used instead of CL.) The drawing option settings interact with the drawing attributes of the P-lines thus: if an ‘ON’ REPRESENTATION setting matches a corresponding ‘TRUE’ attribute setting (e.g. REPRESENTATION CL ON and CLFL TRUE) then the P-line will be drawn, otherwise it will not be drawn. The drawing of Geomset primitives is controlled in a similar way. The next section gives examples of how the LEVEL, CLFLA and TUFLA attributes interact with the REPRESENTATION settings.
6.3
Geomset Primitive Representation Whether a Geomset primitive is displayed or not depends on the settings of its LEVEL, CLFLA and TUFLA attributes (as for a P-line) and also on its OBST attribute. (The OBST attribute is a number which defines the degree of obstruction for clash checking.) If the PARAGON LEVEL setting is within the LEVEL range specified for the primitive (as its LEVEL attribute), then the primitive will be considered for drawing, otherwise it will not be. If the level condition is satisfied then, the primitive will be displayed if it has an OBST value of 1 or 2 and the REPRESENTATION setting is
REPRESENTATION OBSTRUCTIONS ON The primitive will be drawn in solid lines if OBST = 2 (hard obstruction), dashed lines if OBST = 1 (soft obstruction0. The control mechanisms of tube, centreline and obstruction are quite independent of each other. So, for example, if a primitive has an OBST value of 2 and the REPRESENTATION setting is OBSTRUCTIONS ON, the primitive will be drawn whatever the values of its CLFLA and TUFLA attributes and the REPRESENTATION TUBE and CL settings (provided that the PARAGON LEVEL setting is within the LEVEL range of the primitive). Note: Whenever you use a REPRESENTATION command, the current design Component is redrawn. If you want to change several REPRESENTATION settings, put them all in the same line so that the Component is only redrawn once. For example, REPRESENTATION TUBE ON CL OFF OBST ON PPOINTS OFF The following example shows the Catalogue representation of a control valve, and how it might appear in PARAGON with various combinations of TUBE, CL and OBST settings. All the illustrations have PPOINTS ON.
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Figure 6:6.
Catalogue Control Valve, showing all Primitives
For this example, the settings of the attributes of interest are considered to be:
SCYL
1
-
OBST 2,
CLFL FALSE,
TUFL FALSE
SCYL
2
-
OBST 2,
CLFL FALSE,
TUFL FALSE
SSPH
1
-
OBST 0,
CLFL TRUE,
TUFL TRUE
SCON
1
-
OBST 0,
CLFL TRUE,
TUFL TRUE
SDSH
1
-
OBST 2,
CLFL TRUE,
TUFL TRUE
SCYL
3
-
OBST 0,
CLFL FALSE,
TUFL TRUE
SCYL
4
-
OBST 0,
CLFL FALSE,
TUFL TRUE
LSNO
1
-
OBST 0,
CLFL FALSE,
TUFL TRUE
LSNO
2
-
OBST 0,
CLFL TRUE,
TUFL FALSE
LSNO
3
-
OBST 0,
CLFL FALSE,
TUFL TRUE
LSNO
4
-
OBST 0,
CLFL TRUE,
TUFL FALSE
SCYL 1, SCYL 2 and SDSH 1 are obstruction volume primitives, that is, they represent the obstruction volume of the Component, not its physical geometry and dimensions. The other primitives represent the actual geometry and dimensions of the Component. The following illustrations show the appearance of the Component under various REPRESENTATION settings.
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Figure 6:7.
REPRESENTATION OBST OFF TUBE OFF CL ON
This is the default REPRESENTATION setting for OBSTRUCTION, TUBE and CENTRELINE. The attribute settings chosen for this example are ‘typical’ for a Catalogue, and so Figure 6:7.: REPRESENTATION OBST OFF TUBE OFF CL ON shows the ‘normal’ appearance of the valve. Notice how the OBST OFF setting does not affect the visibility of the obstruction dish (handwheel space) since it has CLFL TRUE.
Figure 6:8.
REPRESENTATION OBST ON TUBE OFF CL ON
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Here the OBST ON setting matches the OBST 2 attribute value of the obstruction cylinders and so they become visible, even though they have CLFL and TUFL both FALSE.
Figure 6:9.
REPRESENTATION OBST ON TUBE OFF CL OFF
Here TUBE and CENTRELINE are both OFF but OBST is ON, and so only the obstruction volume primitives are visible.
Figure 6:10. REPRESENTATION OBST ON TUBE ON CL OFF
Compared with Figure 6:9.: REPRESENTATION OBST ON TUBE OFF CL OFF, those primitives with TUFL TRUE now become visible because TUBE is now ON. The obstruction primitives remain visible because OBST is still ON.
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Figure 6:11.
REPRESENTATION OBST OFF TUBE ON CL OFF
OBST is now OFF and so the obstruction cylinders disappear. (The obstruction dish remains because it has TUFL TRUE.)
Figure 6:12. REPRESENTATION OBST OFF TUBE ON CL ON
Here, all those primitives which have one or both of CLFL, TUFL TRUE are visible.
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Figure 6:13. REPRESENTATION OBST ON TUBE ON CL ON
In Figure 6:13.: REPRESENTATION OBST ON TUBE ON CL ON, all REPRESENTATION settings are ON and so all the Geomset primitives are visible.
the
Figure 6:14. REPRESENTATION OBST OFF TUBE OFF CL OFF
Here, all the REPRESENTATION settings are OFF and so no primitives are visible. The Component P-points are still visible since the REPRESENTATION PPOINTS setting in the example is ON.
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The full default REPRESENTATION is:
CL ON TUBE OFF OBSTRUCTIONS OFF LEVEL 0 PPOINTS ON LENGTH 50 NUMBERS OFF PLINES ON PKEYS OFF which is regained by
REPRESENTATION DEFAULT Note that the TVISIBLE and BVISIBLE end visibility flags have no effect in PARAGON.
6.4
Reference Section This section gives the syntax of the MODEL SETTINGS command and the REPRESENTATION command, as described in this chapter and in Catalogue Database Structure (the latter for setting component parameter defaults etc.). The description of the syntax for the REPRESENTATION command is spread over a number of separate sections, each showing how the command is applied to a particular type of element. The final section summarises the complete REPRESENTATION syntax in a single diagram. Querying information is given, as are further examples, where appropriate.
6.4.1
Model Settings Keywords:
MODEL SETTINGS
Function:
Sets default component parameters and design data attributes.
Description:
Sets default values for component parameters and specimen values for other classes of parameters (see Catalogue Database Structure). Also sets design data attributes; the numeric attributes may be used in place of parameters for defining Pointsets and Geomsets.
Examples of setting default component parameters: MODEL SET PAR 3 35
Sets default value for component parameter 3 to 35
MODEL SET IPAR 1 3.5 IPAR 2 4.5
Sets insulation parameter 1 to 3.5’ and insulation parameter 2 to 4.5
MODEL SET APAR 1 250
Sets attached parameter 1 to 250
MODEL SET APAR 3 5.1 OPAR 2 19.75 Sets attached parameter 3 to 5.1 and owning parameter 2 to 19.75 MODEL SET CAT OPAR 3 2.5
Sets owning parameter 3 to 2.5
MODEL SET DES PARA 3 1.2
Sets design parameter 3 to 1.2
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MODEL SET DES APAR 10 99
Sets design attached parameter 10 to 99
MODEL SET DES PAR 2 (ATAN(4 / 3))
Sets design parameter 2 to tan-1 4/3
MODEL SET DEF
Deletes all default and specimen parameters (also sets Design Data attributes to default values)
The word CAT (short for CATALOGUE) in the fifth example is optional. You can use it when setting default values for component parameters, and when setting specimen values for structural parameters. You may find it helpful to use the word for clarity in macros, to distinguish between Design DB parameters and other classes of parameters. Values for any of these classes of parameters may be set in a single command, for example: MODEL SET PAR 2 12 IPAR 1 17 APAR 2 32 DES PAR 3 25 DES OPAR 5 6.3
Examples of setting design data attributes: MODEL SET INSPEC /IS50
Set Insulation Specification to IS50
MODEL SET BOR 100 TEMP 350 PRESS 50
Set Component bore, temperature and pressure to given Design value as
MODEL SET DDHEI 2000 DDRAD 35 Set height and radius to given Design values MODEL SET DDANG (ASIN(6 / 7))
Set Design Angle to arcsin (6/7)
MODEL SET DEF
Set Design Data attributes to default values (also deletes all default and specimen parameters and unsets Insulation Spec)
Default values: TEMP
-100000
BORE
150.0 mm
PRESSURE
0.0
DDANGLE
90 degrees
DDHEIGHT
100.0 mm
DDRADIUS
225 mm
INSPEC
Nulref (i.e. unset)
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6.4.2
Setting Representation for Piping Components
Keywords:
REPRESENTATION TUBE CL CENTRELINE
Description:
The REPRESENTATION command allows piping components to be represented by a single centreline (CL) or by a 2D outline (TUBE). In some cases, it helps to switch between the two representations to simplify an otherwise complicated view. Switching TUBE On switches CL Off automatically, and vice versa. TUBE and CL representations are not instantly updated on the screen. To see the effects of a representation change, it is necessary to replace the affected item in the Draw List by Removing and Adding it.
Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Component Design and Representation in PARAGON
6.4.3
Setting Profile Representation for Steelwork Keywords:
REPRESENTATION PROFILE
Description:
The REPRESENTATION PROFILE commands allow structural steel profiles to be represented by a single centreline or by a 2D outline. In some cases, it helps to switch between the two representations to simplify an otherwise complicated view. Changes to the representation are not instantly updated on the screen. To see the effects of a representation change, it is necessary to replace the affected item in the Draw List by Removing and Adding it.
Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Component Design and Representation in PARAGON
6.4.4
Setting Level Representation
Keywords:
REPRESENTATION LEVEL
Description:
This command enables individual drawing levels to be specified for the display of catalogue elements. Every basic primitive shape has an associated drawing level range attribute stored in the Catalogue. If the specified drawing level coincides with this range, the 3D object will be drawn when it is added to the Draw List. The practical effect of this facility is that it allows you to minimise visible detail when representing catalogue items. For instance, at level 3, steelwork may be represented as single line only, whereas at level 1 the full detail may be visible. Level 3 may well be adequate for design purposes. LEVEL manipulation is not instantly updated on the screen. To see the effects of a level change, use the REPR UPDATE command.
Examples: REPR LEVEL PIPE 5
Sets piping level to 5. All pipes which are added after this command will be drawn at level 5. Those which were already in the view will remain unchanged.
- lists levels at which other Components are drawn
Q DISPLAY
- gives units and tolerance settings, as well as representation levels
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6.4.5
Setting Obstruction and Insulation Representation
Keywords:
REPRESENTATION OBSTRUCTION INSULATION
Description:
Component Obstructions are often given LEVELS or TUBE and CENTRELINE settings which render them invisible. Setting the Representation of OBST On forces the system to override normal LEVEL and TUBE settings and show all of the primitives, regardless of the other settings. Setting the Representation of INSU On or Off determines whether or not insulation is shown on primitives. These have the effect of considering all primitives which have an obstruction level greater than zero and all primitives which are affected by insulation parameters. As with changes to LEVEL representation, the graphics display is not updated instantly. Use the RECR UPDATE command to make any changes visible.
Examples:
REPR OBST ON INSU OFF REPR INSU ON REPR PROF OBST ON PROF INSU OFF Command Syntax: .--------------<------------. / | >-- REPResentation --*-- OBSTruction --. | | | | |-- INSUlation ---+-----------| | | ‘-- PROFile --+- OBSTruction -| | | ‘- INSUlation --+- ON --. | | ‘- OFF -+-->
Querying: Q REPR
Lists all Representation settings
Q REPR INSU
Queries if INSU is ON or OFF
Q REPR OBST
Queries if OBST is ON or OFF
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6.4.6
Setting P-Point Representation
Keywords:
REPRESENTATION PPOINTS LENGTH NUMBERS
Description:
P-point representation may be set to ON or OFF. The default setting is PPOINTS OFF, although p-points will be shown automatically as part of an identification operation. When p-points are on, they are drawn as small arrows with a cross at the p-point position and with the arrow indicating the p-point direction. The size of the arrow is controlled by the LENGTH option. P-point numbers may also be displayed, as controlled by the NUMBERS option. As with changes to other representation settings, the graphics display is not updated instantly. Items must be removed and readded to the Draw List before changes to the display of p-points becomes visible.
Examples: REPR PPOINTS ON
Sets the p-point representation to ON
REPR PPOINTS LENGTH 5
Sets size of p-point arrows
REPR PPOINTS NUMB ON
Shows p-point numbers
Command Syntax: >-- REPResentation - PPoints --+-- ON ---. | | |-- OFF --| | | | | ‘--------------------------+--. | .--------------<---------------------’ | +-- NUMbers --+-- ON ---. | | | | ‘-- OFF --| | | ‘------------------------+-->
Querying:
Q REPR PPOINTS
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6.4.7
Setting P-Line Representation
Keywords:
REPRESENTATION PLINES LENGTH PKEY
Description:
P-line representation for structural Profiles may be set to ON or OFF. The default setting is PLINES OFF. When p-lines are on, the size of the arrow showing their direction is controlled by the LENGTH option. P-line identifiers, in the form of the settings of their PKEY attributes (TOS, BOS, NA, etc.) may also be displayed, as controlled by the PKEY option. As with changes to other representation settings, the graphics display is not updated instantly. Use the RECR UPDATE command to see changes to the display of p-lines.
Examples: REPR PLINES ON
Sets the p-line representation to ON
REPR PLINES LENGTH 6
Sets size of p-line arrows
REPR PLINES PKEY ON
Shows p-line identifiers (settings of PKEY attributes)
Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Component Design and Representation in PARAGON
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7
Catalogue Database Elements Setup in PARAGON This chapter describes in detail the following Catalogue DB elements: •
3D Pointset (PTSET)
•
Structural Pointset (PTSSET)
•
3D Geomset (GMSET)
•
Negative 3D Geomset (NGMSET)
•
Structural Geomset (GMSSET)
•
Detailing Text and Material Text
•
Connection Tables and Bolt Tables
•
Unit Types
•
General Text
•
User-defined Nominal Dimensions
Creation and manipulation of the Catalogue elements is described in Manipulating the Catalogue Database using PARAGON.
7.1
3D Pointsets (PTSET) A PTSET is a collection of P-point elements. P-points are used in the design process to position and orientate Piping Components, and to define their connectivity to each other. Ppoints may also be used in PARAGON to define the position and orientation of the 3D Geomset primitives which make up Piping Components, Joints and Fittings. (Profiles do not use P-points.) A P-point has a 3D position and a direction, and is identified by a number. Each PTSET includes a special P-point, P-point zero (P0), whose position is the component origin and whose direction is the Z axis direction of the Component. It has no other attributes. P0 is created automatically by PARAGON; you cannot change it in any way. The numbering of the P-points of Piping Components must follow certain conventions - see Piping Components in PARAGON for a summary of these, and the ISODRAFT Reference Manual for fuller details. There are no special conventions for numbering the P-points of Joints and Fittings. A P-point has a connection type attribute, which is used only when the P-point belongs to a Piping Component. The connection type attribute can be used to specify how a Piping Component is connected to another at the position of the P-point, for example by a butt weld or socket weld.
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A P-point has a bore attribute, which is used only when the P-point belongs to a Piping Component. It can be used to specify the bore of the pipe at that point. PDMS’s data consistency checks (see the DESIGN Reference Manual) can be used to check that the connection type attributes of Piping Components are compatible with the corresponding attributes of the Components to which they are connected. The compatibility of connection types is defined in a Connection Compatibility Table (CCTAB) - see Connection Compatibility Tables for details. Use of the REPRESENTATION command affects how P-points are drawn by PARAGON; see P-point and P-line Representation for details. A PTSET has the following attributes: •
DESC - a textual description of the Pointset
•
GTYP - the generic type of the item for which the Pointset is used
•
SKEY - the Symbol Key to which the Pointset relates (see the ISODRAFT Reference Manual)
•
PURP - the purpose of the Pointset
A PTSET may contain one or more of the three types of P-point element: •
7.1.1
Axial P-point - PTAXI
•
Cartesian P-point - PTCAR
•
Mixed P-point - PTMIX
Axial P-point (PTAXI) A PTAXI allows a P-point to be defined in terms of an axis and a distance along that axis. A PTAXI has no member elements and has the following attributes: •
NUMB - the P-point number
•
PCON - the connection type
•
PBOR - the bore of the P-point
•
PAXI - the axis of the P-point
•
PDIS - the distance along the axis of the P-point
•
PSKEY - the pipe fitting (end condition) type to be used by ISODRAFT
•
DESC - a textual description of the P-point
•
PURP - the purpose of the P-point
NUMB must be set as a value. PAXI must be set as a direction - see Defining an Axis for details. The other attributes may be set as values or words (as appropriate), or in terms of parameters (which in turn are values or words). The classes of parameter which may be used depend on the class of Component (Piping Component, Joint or Fitting) which uses the P-point - see Parameters for details. PCON and PBOR are used for Piping Components only. They have no meaning if the P-point is used by a Joint or Fitting. For details of PSKEY settings, see Specifying Pipe End Conditions for use by ISODRAFT. These conventions also apply to the attributes of the PTCAR and PTMIX elements described below. See Constructing 3D Pointsets for examples of setting these attributes.
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7.1.2
Cartesian P-point (PTCAR) A PTCAR allows a P-point to be defined by specifying its position and direction explicitly. A PTCAR has no member elements and has the following attributes: •
NUMB - the P-point number
•
PCON - the connection type
•
PBOR - the bore of the P-point
•
PX,PY,PZ - the X, Y, Z coordinates of the P-point
•
PTCDIR - the direction of the P-point
•
PSKEY - the pipe fitting (end condition) type to be used by ISODRAFT
•
DESC - a textual description of the P-point
•
PURP - the purpose of the P-point
PTCDIR must be set as a direction - see Defining a Direction for details.
7.1.3
Mixed Type P-point (PTMIX) A PTMIX allows a P-point to be defined by specifying the position explicitly but using PAXI to specify the direction. A PTMIX has no member elements and has the following attributes:
7.1.4
•
NUMB - the P-point number
•
PCON - the connection type
•
PBOR - the bore of the P-point
•
PX,PY,PZ - the X, Y, Z coordinates of the P-point
•
PAXI - the axis of the P-point
•
PSKEY - the pipe fitting (end condition) type to be used by ISODRAFT
•
DESC - a textual description of the P-point
•
PURP - the purpose of the P-point
Position Type P-point (PTPOS) A PTPOS allows a P-point to be defined by specifying a position expression PTCPOS and using PTCD to specify the direction expression. A PTPOS has no member elements and has the following attributes:
7.2
•
NUMB - the P-point number
•
PCON - the connection type
•
PBOR - the bore of the P-point
•
PTCPOS - the position expression
•
PTCD - the direction expression
•
PSKEY - the pipe fitting (end condition) type to be used by ISODRAFT
•
DESC - a textual description of the P-point
•
PURP - the purpose of the P-point.
Structural Pointsets (PTSSET) A PTSSET is a collection of P-line elements (PLINE). P-lines are used in the Catalogue by Profiles and Joints. P-lines are used in the design process to position and orientate Sections (derived from Profiles) and Joints.
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Figure 7:1.
D and 3D Views of a P-line
A P-line is the structural counterpart of a P-point. It is a line which runs the full length of a Component parallel to its Z axis. Viewed in the XY plane, it appears as a point. This point is its position. A P-line also has a direction. This is not the direction of the line itself (which is always parallel to the Z axis of the Component), but a direction from the line in the XY plane. The position and direction are defined in XY coordinates only. Figure 7:1.: D and 3D Views of a P-line shows a two-dimensional view and a three-dimensional view of a P-line on the top of a Section. P-lines may be used in PARAGON to define the position and orientation of the 2D primitives in a Structural Geomset which make up a Profile. They cannot be used to position and orientate the 3D primitives which make up a Joint. One of the P-lines in a Structural Pointset must be designated as the neutral axis p-line. This is used in DESIGN for positioning and orientating the Component. (The neutral axis is the line where there is no stress in bending, and about which the Component bends.) A Pline is designated as the neutral axis by setting the neutral axis reference attribute (NAREF) of the Structural Pointset to the name of the P-line. A PLINE has no member elements and has the following attributes: •
PKEY - the P-line identifier key
•
PX,PY - the X, Y coordinates of the P-line
•
PLAXI - the axis of the P-line, defining its direction
•
LEVEL - the drawing level range attribute
•
CLFLA- the centreline drawing flag attribute
•
TUFLA - the tube drawing flag attribute
•
DESC - a textual description of the Pline
•
PURP - the purpose of the Pline
PKEY is a word attribute which identifies the P-line. It is equivalent to the NUMB attribute of a P-point. PLAXI is a direction, equivalent to the PAXI attribute of a P-point. PKEY must be set as a word. PLAXI must be set as a direction - see Defining an Axis for details. PX and PY may be set as values or in terms of parameters. The classes of parameter which may be used depend on whether the P-line is used by a Profile or by a
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Joint - see Parameters for details. Manipulating the Catalogue Database using PARAGON gives examples of setting these attributes. The settings of LEVEL, CLFLA and TUFLA and the use of the REPRESENTATION command affect whether or not the P-line is drawn by PARAGON. LEVEL is a pair of numbers specifying a range and CLFLA and TUFLA are set to TRUE or FALSE (corresponding to ‘on’ or ‘off’ respectively). The way in which LEVEL, TUFLA and CLFLA and the REPRESENTATION settings interact is discussed in P-point and P-line Representation. (The settings of LEVEL, CLFLA and TUFLA also affect whether or not the P-line is drawn in DESIGN.) The primitives in the Geomsets also have LEVEL, CLFLA and TUFLA attributes, which affect whether or not they are drawn in PARAGON and DESIGN. Note: A P-line has its own set of axes, which are used in the design process (not in PARAGON). See the DESIGN Reference Manual for details.
7.3
3D Geomsets (GMSET) A GMSET is a grouping of 3D primitive elements which are used to make up Piping Components, Joints and Fittings. It specifies the dimensions, orientation and obstruction geometry of each primitive. The Geomset defines the symbol that is drawn for a particular Component by PARAGON (and DESIGN) and also defines the obstruction geometry of the Component for use when checking for clashes. Each symbol is built up from a combination of the following primitives: •
SBOX - rectangular box
•
BOXI - boxing (used by HVAC and Ducting etc)
•
SCON - cone
•
LCYL - cylinder
•
SCYL - cylinder
•
SSLC - slope bottomed cylinder
•
SDIS - disc
•
SDSH - dish
•
SLINE - line
•
LINE - line
•
LPYR - pyramid
•
SCTO - circular torus
•
SRTO - rectangular torus
•
LSNO - snout
•
SSPH - sphere
•
TUBE - tubing
•
SEXT - user-defined extrusion
•
SREV - solid of revolution
GMSET has no attributes other than the standard ones. Each member element of a 3D Geomset has the following attributes in addition to the standard ones: •
LEVEL - the drawing level range attribute
•
CLFLA - the centreline drawing flag attribute
•
TUFLA - the tube drawing flag attribute
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•
OBST - the obstruction attribute
•
DESC - a textual description of the Geomset
•
GTYP - the generic type of the item for which the Geomset is used
•
PURP - the purpose of the Geomset
The settings of LEVEL, CLFLA and TUFLA affect whether the primitive is drawn or not by PARAGON (or DESIGN), as they do for P-lines. See Structural Pointsets (PTSSET) for details. OBST is a number which defines the obstruction level of the primitive for use by DESIGN’s clash checking facility: •
OBST = 0: No obstruction. The primitive will not clash with anything (used for symbols and negative volumes).
•
OBST = 1: ‘Soft’ obstruction. Used for insulation, access volumes, penalty volumes, etc.
•
OBST = 2: ‘Hard’ obstruction. DESIGN’s clash checking facility will report hard interference with any item having OBST 1 or 2.
The LEVEL, OBST, CLFLA and TUFLA attributes are common to all primitives. Each primitive also has additional attributes depending on its shape; these are described in the next section.
7.4
3D Geomset Primitives The following primitive elements are used by 3D Geomsets. They all have the standard attributes and the common attributes LEVEL, CLFLA, TUFLA and OBST.
7.4.1
Box (SBOX) SBOX has particular attributes as follows: •
PXLE, PYLE, PZLE - box dimensions in X, Y, Z directions
•
PX, PY, PZ - box coordinates
Figure 7:2.
SBOX Catalogue Primitive
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7.4.2
Boxing (BOXI) Components whose GTYPE attribute is TUBE can use BOXI elements to give, for example, implied tube of rectangular cross-section. BOXI elements can be used for modelling ducting, trunking and cable trays. BOXI has the following particular attributes: •
PXLE - cross-section X-direction length
•
PZLE - cross-section Z-direction length
•
PAXI - position and orientation of normal to centre of end face
•
TVISI - visibility of top face
•
BVISI - visibility of bottom face
Figure 7:3.
BOXI Catalogue Primitive
When implied tube is drawn using BOXI elements, the Y axis of the implied BOXI is set to the PLeave direction of the preceding component. The X axis of the BOXI is set to be mutually orthogonal to the PLeave and the Z axis of the preceding component (which usually corresponds to the X axis of the component). The Z axis of the BOXI is then derived from its X and Y axes (and usually corresponds to the Z axis of the component). A 3D Geomset may contain more than one BOXI element and corresponding P-points may be offset in the X or Z directions. Note: for Pipework Designers: If there is no preceding component (that is, if the implied BOXI forms the Head of a Branch), the Y axis will be set to the Parrive of the following component (that is, the first component in the Branch). If there are no components, the BOXI will be set to the orientation of the Zone. (Since Pipe and Branch elements have no coordinate system, this is the lowest level in the design hierarchy from which an orientation can be derived.)
7.4.3
Cone (SCON) SCON has particular attributes as follows: •
PAXI - direction of axis of cone
•
PDIS - height of vertex above base
•
PDIA - diameter of base
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Figure 7:4.
7.4.4
Cone Catalogue Primitive
Cylinder (LCYL) There are three types of cylinder primitive defined in different ways. LCYL is defined by the distances from the origin to the two end faces. LCYL has particular attributes as follows: •
PAXI - direction of axis of cylinder
•
PDIA - diameter of cylinder
•
PBDI - distance along axis to centre of bottom surface
•
PTDI - distance along axis to centre of top surface
•
TVISI - visibility of top face
•
BVISI - visibility of bottom face
Figure 7:5.
Cylinder (LCYL) Catalogue Primitive
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7.4.5
Cylinder (SCYL) This type of cylinder primitive is defined by the distance to the bottom face from the origin and the height. SCYL has particular attributes as follows: •
PAXI - direction of axis of cylinder
•
PHEI - height of cylinder
•
PDIA - diameter of cylinder
•
PDIS - distance along axis to centre of nearest surface
•
TVISI - visibility of top face
•
BVISI - visibility of bottom face
Figure 7:6.
7.4.6
Cylinder (SCYL) Catalogue Primitive
Slope-Bottomed Cylinder (SSLC) This is similar to the SLCY available in the Design Data and has its main use in the modelling of mitred bends. SSLC has the following particular attributes: •
PAXI - direction of axis of cylinder
•
PHEI - height of cylinder
•
PDIA - diameter of cylinder
•
PXTS - inclination of top face to X-axis
•
PYTS - inclination of top face to Y-axis
•
PXBS - inclination of bottom face to X-axis
•
PYBS - inclination of bottom face to Y-axis
•
PDIS - distance from origin
•
TVISI - visibility of top face
•
BVISI - visibility of bottom face
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Disc (SDIS) The Disc primitive is a circular element of zero thickness. SDIS has particular attributes as follows: •
PAXI - direction of axis of disc
•
PDIS - distance along axis to centre of disc
•
PDIA - diameter of disc
Figure 7:8.
Disc Catalogue Primitive
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7.4.8
Dish (SDSH) This is similar to the DISH available in the Design Data. It allows symbolic modelling of control valves and closer modelling of other Components. SDSH has the following particular attributes: •
PAXI - direction of axis of dish
•
PDIS - distance along axis to centre of top surface
•
PDIA - diameter of dish base
•
PHEI - maximum height of dished surface above base
•
PRAD - corner radius
If PRAD=0 a spherical section dish is drawn, if PRAD>0 an ellipsoidal section dish is drawn.
Figure 7:9.
7.4.9
Dish Catalogue Primitive
Line (LINE) In addition to the three-dimensional primitive elements, 3D Geomsets may contain Line (LINE). A LINE has one particular attribute: •
PTS - a set of numbers (up to six) representing P-point numbers of the P-points in the corresponding Pointset, which determine the course of the line.
The values held in PTS are set by the SETPoints command, followed by point specifications in which each p-point identifier is preceded by ‘P’ or ‘T’, e.g. P1 P2 T3 P4. When the P-point is preceded by P it is treated in the same way as a point element (POINT) in the Design Data; when preceded by a T it is treated in the same way as a tangent point element (TANP) in the Design Data. (See the DESIGN Reference Manual for further details).
7.4.10
Line (SLINE) In addition to the three-dimensional primitive elements, an alternative to the LINE element is the SLINE. This has two particular attributes: •
PTSPOS - Start position expression
•
PTEPOS - End position expression
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7.4.11
Pyramid (LPYR) The main use of this element is in the creation of rectangular reducers for ducting etc. LPYR has the particular attributes as follows: •
PAAX - direction of axis normal to top face of pyramid (the A axis): this is taken to be in the Z direction
•
PBAX, PCAX - the directions of the two axes perpendicular to the A axis and mutually perpendicular to define the position of the B and C sides
•
PBTP, PCTP - length of top faces in B axis and C axis directions
•
PBBT, PCBT - length of bottom faces in B axis and C axis directions
•
PBOF, PCOF - top face offsets in B axis and C axis directions
•
PTDI - distance from origin to centre of top face along A axis
•
PBDI - distance from origin to centre of bottom face along A axis
•
TVISI - visibility of top face
•
BVISI - visibility of bottom face
Figure 7:10. Pyramid Catalogue Primitive
7.4.12
Circular Torus (SCTO) The circular torus is only part of a torus; it is not permitted to subtend more than 180 degrees. It is circular in cross-section. SCTO has particular attributes as follows: •
PAAX, PBAX - direction of axes normal to the end faces of the torus
•
PDIA - diameter of the cross-section of the torus.
•
TVISI - visibility of top face
•
BVISI - visibility of bottom face
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Figure 7:11.
7.4.13
Circular Torus Catalogue Primitive
Rectangular Torus (SRTO) The rectangular torus is similar to the circular torus except that it is rectangular in crosssection. SRTO has particular attributes as follows: •
PAAX, PBAX - direction of axes normal to the end faces of the torus
Snout (LSNO) The Snout primitive is a cylindrical element of varying diameter along its length. It may be eccentric or concentric. LSNO has particular attributes as follows: •
PAAX - direction of axis normal to top surface of snout (the A axis)
•
PBAX - offset direction
•
PTDI, PBDI - distance along A axis to top, bottom surfaces of snout
•
PTDM, PBDM - diameter of top, bottom surfaces of snout
•
POFF - the offset/eccentricity of the snout as measured in the PBAX direction
•
TVISI - visibility of top face
•
BVISI - visibility of bottom face
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Figure 7:13. Snout Catalogue Primitive
The sizes of the top and bottom surfaces of the snout may be defined in terms of their radii instead of their diameters. •
7.4.15
PTRA, PBRA - radius of top, bottom surfaces of snout
Sphere (SSPH) SSPH has particular attributes as follows: •
PAXI - direction of axis on which centre of sphere lies
•
PDIS - distance along axis to centre of sphere
•
PDIA - diameter of sphere
Figure 7:14. Sphere Catalogue Primitive
7.4.16
Tube (TUBE) Components whose GTYPE attribute is TUBE can use TUBE Geomset elements to give, for example, implied tube of circular cross-section. TUBE has particular attributes as follows: •
PDIAM - tube diameter
•
TVISI - visibility of top face
•
BVISI - visibility of bottom face
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7.4.17
User-defined Extrusion (SEXT) This primitive is generated by extruding a user-defined 2D shape, known as a Loop (SLOO), whose outline is defined by a set of member elements called Vertices (SVER). The lines joining adjacent SVERs form the edges of the SLOO. The extrusion distance is defined by the height of the SEXT to give the final 3D volume. In addition to the attributes defining its position, each SVER can have a radius which applies a convex or concave fillet to the loop at that point. SEXT has particular attributes as follows: •
PX, PY, PZ - coordinates of origin of SLOO
•
PAAX, - directions of axes of SLOO
•
PBAX - (these will define coordinate system for SVERs)
•
PHEI - distance by which 2D SLOO is extruded to form 3D SEXT
SLOO has no special attributes. SVER has particular attributes as follows: •
Solid of Revolution (SREV) This primitive is generated by rotating a user-defined 2D shape, known as a Loop (SLOO), whose outline is defined by a set of member elements called Vertices (SVER), through an angle about an axis. The swept angle must be in the range -360 to +360 degrees, 360 degrees giving a solid which is axially symmetrical. In addition to the attributes defining its position, each SVER can have a radius which applies a convex or concave fillet to the loop at that point. SREV has particular attributes as follows: •
PX, PY, PZ - coordinates of origin of SLOO
•
PAAX, - directions of axes of SLOO
•
PBAX - (these will define coordinate system for SVERs)
•
PANGLE - angle through which 2D SLOO is rotated to form 3D SREV
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SLOO has no special attributes. SVER has particular attributes as follows: •
PX, PY - coordinates of vertex
•
PRAD - fillet radius of loop at vertex position
Figure 7:16. Solid of Revolution Catalogue Primitive
7.5
Negative 3D Geomsets (NGMSET) and Negative Primitives A NGMSET is a grouping of negative 3D primitive elements which are used to represent holes or end preparations for structural items. It specifies the dimensions, orientation and obstruction geometry of each negative primitive. The attributes of NGMSETs are the same as those of their positive equivalents (see 3D Geomsets (GMSET) and 3D Geomset Primitives). The Negative Geomset defines the symbol that is drawn for a particular Component by PARAGON (and DESIGN) and also defines the obstruction geometry of the Component for use when checking for clashes. Each symbol is built up from a combination of the following negative primitives: •
NSBO - negative rectangular box
•
NBOX - negative boxing
•
NSCO - negative cone
•
NLCY - negative cylinder
•
NSCY - negative cylinder
•
NSSL - negative slope bottomed cylinder
•
NLPY - negative pyramid
•
NSCT - negative circular torus
•
NSRT - negative rectangular torus
•
NLSN - negative snout
•
NSSP - negative sphere
•
NTUB - negative tubing
•
NSEX - negative user-defined extrusion
•
NSRE - negative solid of revolution
•
NSRU - negative ruled surface
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Negative Primitives have the same attributes as the corresponding positive primitives, with the addition of the NAPP (Negative APPlies to) attribute, which controls whether the negative primitive is removed from the item itself, or the attached or owning item. The allowed values are: 1 - Default. See following table: Item
Remove from
PJOInt
Attached SCTN or GENSEC
SJOInt
Attached SCTN or GENSEC
SUBJoint
Attached SCTN or GENSEC
SCOJoint
Owning PANEl
PFITting
Owning PANEl
COFItting
Owning PANEl
FITTing
Owning SCTN
FIXIng
Owning GENSEC
0 - Negative Primitive will not be removed from anything. 1 - Negative Primitive will be removed from Attached item 2 - Negative Primitive will be removed from Owner 4 - Negative Primitive will be removed from the item itself 7 - Negative Primitive will be removed from all items. The positive values can be combined so that the hole will be created in more than one item. For example, NAPP=6 means that the volume will be removed from the item itself and the item’s owner. The following table shows what Attached and Owner mean for items that can referenced NGMSEs. Item
Attached
Owner
PJOInt
Attached SCTN or GENSEC
-
SJOInt
Attached SCTN or GENSEC
Owning SCTN or GENSEC
SUBJoint
-
Owning PCOJ/SCOJ
SCOJoint
-
Owning SCTN or GENSEC
PFITting
-
Owning PANEl
COFItting
-
Owning PANEl
FITTing
-
Owning SCTN
FIXIng
-
Owning GENSEC
For example, if a SUBJoint references a NGMSE which contains an NSBOX with NAPP=1, the NSBOX will be removed from the Subjoint’s attached Section.
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7.6
Structural Geomsets (GMSSET) A GMSSET is a grouping of 2D primitive elements used to make up structural Profiles. It specifies the dimensions, orientation and obstruction geometry of each primitive. The Geomset defines the symbol that is drawn for a particular Component by PARAGON (and DESIGN) and also defines the obstruction geometry of the Component for use when clash checking. Each symbol is built up from a combination of the following three types of primitive: •
SREC - rectangle
•
SANN - annulus
•
SPRO - user-defined profile
Like the member elements of a 3D Geomset, each member element of a Structural Geomset has LEVEL, CLFLA, TUFLA and OBST attributes. Note: For correct clash detection, the maximum number of primitives with OBST set to 1 or 2 in any GMSSET is 20; the order of these in the members list is not important. See the DESIGN Reference Manual for details of the best way of setting up Component data so as to minimise processing time for clash detection. The primitives have additional attributes as described in the next section.
7.7
Structural Geomset Primitives The following primitive elements are used by Structural Geomsets. They all have the standard attributes and the common attributes LEVEL, CLFLA, TUFLA and OBST. The additional particular attributes of each element are as described below. Note that each 2D primitive has effectively two types of positional attributes which allow its geometry to be changed progressively as it is extruded in space to create a 3D design element (such as a structural SCTN or GENSEC element). The P... attributes define the geometry at the Start of an extruded section, while the D... attributes define the change in that geometry between the Start and End of the extruded section.
7.7.1
Structural Rectangle (SREC) SREC has particular attributes as follows: •
PXLE, PYLE - rectangle dimensions in X, Y directions
•
DXLE, DYLE - difference in rectangle dimensions in X, Y directions for tapered sections
•
PX, PY - coordinates of centre of rectangle
•
DX, Dy - offset of coordinates of centre of rectangle between ends of section
•
PLAXI - direction of Y axis of rectangle
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Figure 7:17. SREC Catalogue Primitive
7.7.2
Structural Annulus (SANN) SANN has particular attributes as follows: •
PX, PY - coordinates of centre of annulus
•
DX, DY - offset of coordinates of centre of annulus between ends of section
•
PRAD - external radius
•
DRAD - change of external radius between ends of section
•
PWID - width of annulus
•
DWID - change of width between ends of section
•
PANG - angle subtended by annulus
•
PLAXI - start angle
Note: PANG must be in the range -180_ to +180_. Positive angles are anticlockwise when the primitive is viewed in the -Z direction.
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Figure 7:18. SANN Catalogue Primitive
7.7.3
Structural Profile (SPRO) This element represents a user-defined 2D shape whose outline is defined by a set of member elements called Structural Profile Vertices (SPVE). The lines joining adjacent SPVEs form the edges of the SPRO. In addition to the attributes defining its position, each SPVE can have a radius which applies a convex or concave fillet to the profile at that point. SPRO has particular attributes as follows: •
PLAXI - direction of Y axis of profile (this defines coordinate system for SPVEs)
SPVE has particular attributes as follows: •
PX, PY - coordinates of vertex
•
DX, DY - offset of coordinates between start and end of a tapered section
•
PRAD - fillet radius of profile at vertex position
•
DRAD - change of fillet radius of profile at vertex position between ends of section
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Figure 7:19. SPRO and SPVE Catalogue Primitives
7.8
Detailing Text Detailing Text (SDTE) elements contain descriptive text relating to a Component, which is used during the construction of drawings, reports, take-off sheets etc. An SDTE element exists at the same level in the Catalogue database hierarchy as a Component element (i.e. it is a member of a Section or Category) and is referred to from SPCOM elements in the Specification. An SDTE element (which will usually be named) is created simply by typing, for example:
NEW SDTE /C/T1 The text itself exists as an attribute of the SDTE element; namely one of the attributes RTEX, STEX or TTEX. The text is input simply by typing the attribute name followed by the text itself in quotes; for example:
STEX ’21DD-JJOOA2 12.31’ The choice of attribute name depends on the PDMS module which is to use the related text. STEX and TTEX are used primarily by the detailing interface modules, and the attribute to be used will be specified from that module. The format of the text depends on the detailing module in use - see the appropriate Reference Guide for details. RTEX is used by ISODRAFT, which also uses another SDTE attribute, SKEY. SKEY is a four-character code which represents a geometric description of the associated Component type. RTEX and SKEY must be set in order for ISODRAFT to work correctly. A typical pair of commands would be:
RTEX ’COUPLING - SOCKET WELD 3000LB’ SKEY ’COSW’ (The SKEY codes are fixed for a given element type - see the ISODRAFT Reference Guide for a list.)
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7.9
Material Text Material Text (SMTE) elements contain descriptive text describing the material(s) from which the physical component is constructed, and is used during the construction of drawings, reports, take-off sheets etc. An SMTE element exists at the same level in the Catalogue database hierarchy as a Component element (i.e. it is a member of a Section or Category) and is referred to from SPCOM elements in the Specification. An SMTE element (which will usually be named) is created simply by typing, for example:
NEW SMTE /5L-S-80 The text itself exists as an attribute of the SMTE element; namely one of the attributes XTEX, YTEX or ZTEX. The text is input simply by typing the attribute name followed by the text itself in quotes, for example:
XTEX ’SCM.80 API 5L GR.B SMLC’ The choice of attribute name depends on the PDMS module which is to use the related text, the attribute to be used being specified from that module. XTEX is used by ISODRAFT.
7.10
Connection Compatibility Tables The Connection Compatibility Table (element name CCTA) holds a list of all the compatible connection types for Piping Components in a set project. A CCTA is an administrative element which exists at the same level as CATA in the hierarchy. A CCTA has Connection Compatibility (COCO) elements as its members, each of which has a pair of coded connection types stored as its CTYPE attribute. These connection types are those referred to in the PCON attribute of a Piping Component’s P-points. The commands below give an example of the setting up of a typical connection table. NEW CCTA NEW COCO /WELDWELD CTYPE WELD WELD
(weld to weld)
NEW COCO /SCRDSCRD CTYPE SCRD SCRD
(screwed to screwed)
NEW COCO /WELDBW CTYPE WELD BW
(weld to butt weld)
Note: That ISODRAFT uses the connection codes to derive bolting requirements, and so the connection codes used must conform to certain standards - see Appendix B and the ISODRAFT Reference Guide for details. Setting up the Connection Compatibility Table should be one of the first tasks to be carried out when commencing a design project using PDMS. If an attempt is made to connect two pipework components in DESIGN, then a check is made to see if the p-leave PCON attribute of the first component and the p-arrive PCON attribute of the second component appear as a matching pair in the connection table. If there is such a matching pair then the components are connected, otherwise a similar check is made on the p-leave PCON attributes of each component. If a matching pair is now found, the second component is ‘flipped’ and connected to the first. If no matching pair is found then an ‘incompatible connection type’ error message is output and the second component is left in its original position and orientation.
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7.10.1
COCDES Elements COCDES provide the means of associating a long description to a COCO pair. Create a COCDES element below a CCTA as follows: NEW COCDES DESC 'This is a long description of a COCO element' COCONNECTION FBB
7.11
Bolting Tables The Bolt Table hierarchy contains information describing the nature of the bolted connections of Piping Components in a project. Although the Bolt Table is part of the Catalogue database, and so must be set up using PARAGON, it has been designed for the exclusive use of ISODRAFT and so is described in detail in the ISODRAFT Reference Guide; only a summary is presented here. Element creation and attribute setting is done in the usual way. The Bolt Table hierarchy is illustrated below:
The element types are as follows: •
BTSE - the Bolt Set is the administrative element for catalogue component bolting information. It owns Bolt P-point (BLTP) elements.
•
BLTP - the Bolt P-point stores the bolting information for an individual bolt for a particular type of flange. It has the following attributes: NUMBER
-
the bolt hole number in the bolt circle
BDIA
-
the bolt diameter
BTHK
-
the bolt length
BTYPE
-
the type of bolt
•
BLTA - the Bolt Table is an administrative element.
•
BLIS - the Bolt List is an administrative element which groups together Standard Bolt (SBOL) elements.
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•
7.12
SBOL - the Standard Bolt element. This has the attributes: NSTD
-
a pointer to a non-standard length array
BITEM
-
additional bolt items to be used when calculating bolt length
BITL
-
the lengths of the additional bolt items
•
LTAB - the Length Table holds a number of Diameter Tables.
•
DTAB - the Diameter Table stores information on standard bolt lengths, held as a string of values in its BLEN attribute. DTAB is accessed from the NSTD attribute of the SBOL element.
Branch Reducer and Nominal Bore Size Tables The TABWLD element is a top level administrative element providing the following table structures.
Nominal Bore Size Tables are created with the following element types: NOMTAB
-
is the administrative element for nominal Size Range Table
SNOTAB
-
nominal bores in mm are stored in a element
SNOTAB
-
the wall thickness of a bore is recorded in this element
A Branch/Reducer tables uses the following elements: BRTAB
-
A Purpose attribute controls the underlying table purpose such as Branch/Reducer
SBRTAB
-
Contains the bore size 'from part'
SSBRTA
-
Contains the bore size 'to part'
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7.13
Unit Types PARAGON enables unit types to be set up which will then be linked to relevant attributes of the various elements which appear throughout the PDMS databases. The most common units (the default units) are millimetres, inches or feet and inches, which are usually assigned to bore and distance attributes. These units currently apply to all PDMS modules except PROPCON. You may also define other units with conversion factors to relate one set of units to another; unit definitions can be collected together into sets to be used for different purposes. Information controlling units is held in a UNIT element of the Catalogue Database. The UNITS hierarchy is shown below:
The elements of the UNITS hierarchy are as follows: •
UNIT - The UNIT element is the top-level element of the hierarchy. It has three special attributes: BUNI, DUNI and DFUN. BUNI and DUNI can be set to determine the default Bore and Distance units, respectively. They are set to any of MM, INCH, MIL or FINC (for feet and inches). A typical sequence of setup commands would be:
NEW UNIT BUNI INCH DUNI FINC This would mean that, by default, all bore values are interpreted as inches and all distance values, e.g. HEIGHT, DISTANCE, as feet and inches. If user-defined units are to be used, then an MSET element should be named in the DFUN attribute of the UNIT, indicating that MSET element should be used as the default measurement set. Each PDMS module has its default units initialised at run time to those defined in the first UNIT element of the first Catalogue DB in the MDB being used. BUNI and DUNI may also be set to NULL. •
MSET - Measurement Set. This element is used to form a collection of MTYP (measurement type) elements. It is the MSET which is named in the DFUN attribute of the UNIT element to indicate which collection of units are to be used. In practice MSET may relate to say ‘S.I.’ or ‘IMPERIAL’.
•
MTYP - Measurement Type. This element forms the link between a collection of attributes and the Units Definition (UDEF) to be used for them. The attributes are accessed via the ATLI (Attribute List) elements owned by the MTYP and the Units Definition via its UREF attribute. The latter simply contains the name of the UDEF element which is to be used for the attributes named in the member ATLI elements.
•
ATLI - Attribute List. Each ATLI element contains (as its ATNA attribute) the name of the attribute for which the UREF (see above) applies.
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•
USEC - Unit Section. This is an administrative element used to collect together UDEF elements.
•
UDEF - Units Definition. One UDEF is required for each non-PDMS unit that you wish to implement. UDEF has the following special attributes: •
ABREV - Abbreviation. This is the abbreviation used when outputting a value under the control of this UDEF, or when inputting a value which is in a UNIT that is not the one for that attribute in the current MSET. The attribute is an eight-character text.
•
MULT - Multiplier. This is a conversion factor which is used in conjunction with ADEN, to convert from input/output units to PDMS stored units. This is done on the basis that: •
Output value
=
(Stored value - ADEN) / MULT
•
Stored value
=
(Input value * MULT) + ADEN
The exponential facility is useful in the accurate setting of MULT and ADEN. For example:
MULT 0.12345 EX -8 will set MULT to 0.0000000012345
7.13.1
•
ADEN - see MULT above.
•
SIGF and DECP - Significant Figures and Decimal Places. These relate to the output of units. To summarise, the unit is defined as: (input_value * MULT ) + ADEN and is output to SIG significant figures with DEC decimal places and suffixed by the notation ABREV ( e.g. ‘psi’).
Use of Units In certain PDMS modules, e.g. PROPCON, the choice of units to be used can be indicated by using the command:
UNITS name where name is the name of an MSET. If this is not done, the units will be those given by the DFUN attribute of the UNIT element, as explained above. Following this, whenever the value of a special attribute is set or queried, its name (e.g. TEMP for temperature) will be compared with the ATNA attributes of all ATLIs under the current MSET. If a match is found, then the UREF of the MTYP owning the matching ATLI will be used to access the relevant UDEF. When output, such values are followed by their abbreviations to remind you which units are being used. If you wish to input a value which is in a UDEF that is not referred to from the current MSET, then you may use the abbreviation of that value as a key. For instance, in PROPCON, if the current temperature unit is centigrade, but there is a UDEF defining Fahrenheit (with abbreviation ‘deg. F’), it would appear as
TEMP 35 ’deg. F’
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As an example, if you require a PROPCON attribute ACBO (Actual Bore) to be output in inches, then the following syntax would be required: NEW USEC
create a new Unit Section
NEW UDEF /INCH
create and name a new Units Definition
ABREV ’IN’
-set ABREV and MULT attributes
MULT 0.254 EX 2 NEW MSET
create a Measurement SetNEW
MTYP
create a Measurement Type
UREF /INCH
set the Reference Units that the MTYP refers to
NEW ATLI
create an Attribute List for the MTYP
ATNA ACBO
set the Attribute Name that is required to be output/input in inches
This results in the following hierarchy:
If ACBO is referred to in PROPCON, the attribute name (ATNA) is searched for in the UNIT hierarchy. The search then moves up the hierarchy to find the MTYP attribute UREF. The MULT attribute of the UDEF (found from the UREF) is then applied to the stored ACBO attribute and the ABREV is output with the resulting value. As a further example, to define and use a unit system called /IMPERIAL, for which temperatures (TEMP, PTEM and RTEM) will be in Fahrenheit and pressures (PRES, RPRE and IPRE) will be in PSI, the instruction sequence would be:
NEW UNIT /EXAMPLE-OF-UNITS NEW USEC NEW UDEF /PSI ABRE ’lbf/in2’ ADEN 0 MULT 6895.0 NEW UDEF /F ABRE ’deg. F’ ADEN -17.778 MULT 0.55556 NEW MSET /IMPERIAL NEW MTYP /IMPERIAL/TEMP UREF /F NEW ATLI ATNA TEMP NEW ATLI ATNA PTEM NEW ATLI ATNA RTEM
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NEW MTYP /IMPERIAL/PRESSURE UREF /PSI NEW ATLI ATNA IPRE NEW ATLI ATNA RPRE NEW ATLI ATNA PRES Note: It is possible to set up UNIT elements with MSETs containing duplicated ATNAs. This is not prevented, but a warning is given on attempting to use such an MSET.
7.14
General Text Elements A TEXT element is used to store additional information about an owning or adjacent element. The text string itself exists as the setting of the STEX attribute of the TEXT, and can be up to 120 characters long. It is set in the usual way; for example
STEX ’High pressure pipeline’ Note that the STEX attribute of a TEXT element is completely independent of the STEX attributes of the Detailing Text (SDTE) elements described in Detailing Text. The TEXT element can occupy many positions in the hierarchy - it can be owned by UNIT, CATA, SECT, CATE, STSE, STCA, CCTA, SPEC, BLTA, BLIS, LTAB or MBLI elements.
7.15
User-defined Nominal Dimensions For users who required bores, bolt diameters and lengths, and rod diameters that are not included in the standard nominal values stored in core, a facility exists for the creation of tables that hold the required values in the catalogue database. When being switched from module to module, the catalogue database is scanned for a NBRWLD element with the PURP attribute set to BORE indicating that user-defined nominal bores etc are to be used. If so, the nominal bore-checking routine is switched to the userdefined nominal bores. Bores For most users, the requirement is adding or removing a few bores. For this purpose, a macro of standard PDMS bores is provided (nominal_bore.mac), which enables a user to edit the values concerned and then input the User-defined Nominal Bore table into the catalogue. Bolts When there is a need to use a bolting catalogue with both Imperial and Metric projects, there is not always a direct conversion from one system to the other. For example, a ½ inch bolt may convert to a 12mm rather than a 13mm one. To overcome the problem, User-defined Nominal Bolting tables for diameter and length can be set up, as for the User-defined Nominal Bore table. The PURP attribute is set to BDIA for bolt diameters and BLEN for bolt lengths. Rods When rods for hangers and supports are specified, the rod diameter is related to the bore diameter. It is, therefore, necessary to have User-defined Nominal Rod Diameter tables, if User-defined Nominal bores are being used.
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If a hanger connects to a branch with different bores, the rod diameter is selected to match the branch with the User-defined Nominal bore or, if this applies to neither branch, the standard piping bore. The PURP attribute is set to ROD. Database The following addition is made to the catalogue database: World element NBRWLD, with: Attribute PURP. Owns: NOMINB elements, with: Real attribute INCBOR
Inch Nominal Value
Real attribute MMBOR
MM Nominal Value
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Catalogue Database Elements Setup in PARAGON
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Creating Datasets in PARAGON
8
Creating Datasets in PARAGON A Dataset (DTSE) is a collection of DATA elements. These can be used to store any items of catalogue data which need to be queried directly from within the DESIGN or DRAFT modules and which are not accessible by other means.
8.1
Attributes of DATA Elements Each DATA element has the following special attributes: DKEY
Data Key. A PDMS word which allows a specific DATA element to be referenced from within DESIGN or DRAFT using the Q PROP dkey command.
PTYP
Property Type.
DTIT
Data Title. A text string describing the property stored in the DATA.
PPRO
Property. Any expression which defines a property of the item with which the dataset is associated.
DPRO
Default Property Value. The value to be used if the true setting of the Property cannot be evaluated at any time. See Controlling the Detailed Checking Procedure.
PURP
Purpose. A PDMS word showing the purpose for which the stored property is relevant. For example, PARA (for catalogue parameters), DESP (for design parameters), DATA (for general properties).
NUMB
Number. An integer which may be set to further categorise the specific property stored in the DATA. For example, the identifying number of a PARAM or DESPARAM.
PUNI
Property Units. The units used when evaluating the Property value.
RUSE
Real Property Flag. See Controlling the Detailed Checking Procedure.
The PPRO attribute is evaluated in response to the Q PROP... command in DESIGN or DRAFT. The parameters in the expression may not be defined until the item is added to the model. It can include any attributes which are valid for the design element, including userdefined attributes; for example: •
((:COST OF OWNER) * :LENGT).
The PPRO attribute can also be set to a parameterised expression which will be used in the definition of Pointsets and Geomsets. See Controlling the Detailed Checking Procedure.
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8.2
Querying Properties in DESIGN Consider the following examples, which allow you to query two properties of this parameterised I-beam in DESIGN:
Example 1: The depth of the beam •
Datakey: DEPT
•
Dtitle: ’Depth of beam’
•
Pproperty: (PARAM [1] )
•
Dproperty: 600
•
Purpose: DATA
•
Number: 1
The command Q PROP DEPT in DESIGN or DRAFT will return the depth of the current beam (or the default of 600 if the true value cannot be evaluated). Example 2: The cross-sectional area of the beam •
Note: PARAM has been shortened to P here to show the format of the expression more clearly. The full version must be used when setting the attribute. •
Purpose: DATA
•
Number: not relevant here, so leave unset
The command Q PROP XSEC in DESIGN or DRAFT will return the calculated crosssectional area of the current beam. Similarly, you could query the following attributes of this DATA element: •
Q PRTI XSEC
Data title
•
Q PRDE XSEC
Data description
•
Q PRPU XSEC
Data purpose
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8.3
Real Properties of P-points, P-Lines and Geomsets Pointset and Geomset attributes can be defined in terms of a Dataset pseudo-attribute RPROP (Real Property). For example, the PBORE of a P-point can be defined by the expression:
PBORE ( PARAM[1] + 20 ) If the dataset associated with the component contains a DATA element with the Datakey DBOR, and DBOR has its PPRO attribute set to the expression ( PARAM[1] + 20 ), PBORE can be defined as:
PBORE ( RPROP DBOR ) Pointset and Geomsets with attributes defined in terms of RPROPs will have their RFLG flag set to 1. Only elements with RFLG set to 1 need to be pre-evaluated when the item is added to a model. DATA elements have an attribute RUSE. If this attribute is set, the PROP attribute (or default Property DPRO, see Controlling the Detailed Checking Procedure) cannot be set to a text expression or to an expression containing the OF notation. RUSE is set (=1) and unset (=0) using the commands:
SETRuse UNSETRuse DATA elements with PROP attributes property which can be used as RPROPs should have their RUSE flags set. Only elements with RUSE set to 1 need to be pre-evaluated.
8.3.1
Default Values The DATA element attribute DPRO can be used to store a default property value. When a Design element is added to the model, the associated dataset is pre-evaluated and the default value used if the PPRO attribute in the Dataset unset or cannot be evaluated. The default property value can be queried from DESIGN using the pseudo-attribute PRDE.
8.3.2
Querying The value of RPROP can be queried using the command:
Q RPROP datakey This command will return the result ‘RPROP unset’ if the corresponding PPRO attribute contains a text string rather than a real value. The default value of a text or real property value may be queried from a Design component using the command:
Q PRDE datakey A list of the datakeys available at a Design item can be obtained using the command:
Q PRLS
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Checking Catalogue Database Consistency using PARAGON
9
Checking Catalogue Database Consistency using PARAGON To avoid having to transfer component design or specification errors from the Catalogue database to the Design database before data inconsistencies can be detected, a facility is provided for checking the main settings of a piping catalogue as you build it in PARAGON. (This facility is not yet available for checking a structural catalogue.)
9.1
Initiating a Standard Data Consistency Check The basic command to initiate a database consistency check, using default settings, is
CHECK where , the element below which checks are to be carried out, may be any SPEC, SELE, SPCO or COMP. If you start the check from within a specification (SPEC, SELE or SPCO) all components referenced via the starting element will be checked. If you start the check at component level (COMP), only that component and elements below it will be checked. (See Controlling the Detailed Checking Procedure for details of the ways in which you can modify the default checking procedures.)
9.2
What the Checking Facility Does The following tests may be carried out: At SPEC level: •
Check that no question in the specification is repeated.
•
Check that one question in the specification is TYPE.
•
From the TYPE reference, check that the GTYPE of the COMP has the same setting.
•
From the TYPE reference, check that the SKEY setting of SDTE is correct.
•
From the TYPE reference, check that the point set has the correct geometry, as required by ISODRAFT.
At SPCO level: •
Check that all of the following reference attributes are set: CATREF, DETAIL, MATX, CMPR, BLTREF. (The BLTREF need be set only if the connection type begins with F or L.)
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At COMP or equivalent level:
9.3
•
Check that there is a valid PTREF and GMREF.
•
At a PTSE, check that P-points are set and that there are no duplicate numbers.
•
At a GMSE, check that there are primitives set and that they are not degenerate. Check also that no invalid P-point numbers or parameters are used. Note that this test uses catalogue parameters, so that if a primitive is constructed only from design and insulation parameters, spurious warnings will be generated.
•
Check that each P-point connection type exists in the COCO tables. P-points used for construction purposes can have connections of 0.0, NUL or NULL. The connection type will not be checked for validity for a specific type of component.
•
Check that a P-point bore is valid for a recognised set of nominal bores. P-points used for construction purposes, and a P-point with connection type CLOS, can have a zero bore.
Controlling the Detailed Checking Procedure You can modify the effect of the CHECK command by using additional syntax so that you can check different types of catalogue without generating unnecessary errors. The command options are as follows:
TOLerance CATAlogue CMPRef ON/OFF switches Component Reference checking on or off for all component types in a SPCO.
TOLerance CATAlogue CMPRef word ON/OFF switches Component Reference checking on or off for the specified component type in a SPCO.
TOLerance CATAlogue GMREf ON/OFF switches Geomset Reference checking on or off for all component types.
TOLerance CATAlogue GMREf
word
ON/OFF
switches Geomset Reference checking on or off for the specified component type.
TOLerance CATAlogue BORE ON/OFF switches bore checking on or off for Pointsets.
TOLerance CATAlogue BORE
value
value
sets range of permissible bores to be checked for Pointsets.
TOLerance CATAlogue ISOMetric ON/OFF checks for SKEY and similar ISODRAFT-related settings.
TOLerance CATAlogue DEFault resets all checking options to their default settings. These defaults are: •
Do not check any CMPREFs.
•
Ignore GMREF settings for ATTA, FLAN, TUBE and BOLT.
•
Check nominal bores in the range 6 mm to 2150 mm.
•
Check all ISODRAFT-related settings.
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To query any of the current data consistency checking settings, use the corresponding command format
Q TOLerance CATAlogue ...
9.4
Error Messages Error messages which can result from diagnosed data inconsistencies are as follows: C10
Spec error: Question word asked more than once
C20
Spec error: Question TYPE never asked
C30
Spco error: DETA not set
C40
Spco error: Unknown ref for DETA
C50
Spco error: MATX not set
C60
Spco error: Unknown ref for MATX
C70
Spco error: CMPR not set
C80
Spco error: Unknown ref for CMPR
C90
Spco error: BLTR not set
C100
Spco error: Unknown ref for BLTR
C110
Spco error: CATR not set
C120
Spco error: Unknown ref for CATR
C130
Comp error: PTRE not set
C140
Comp error: Unknown ref for PTRE
C150
Comp error: GMRE not set
C160
Comp error: Unknown ref for GMRE
C170
Ptset error: Duplicate ppoint number integer
C180
Ptset error: No ppoints set
C190
Ptset error: Unknown connection type word for ppoint
C200
Comp error: GTYPE word different from spec TYPE word
C210
Ptset error: Non standard bore value for ppoint
C220
Gmset error: Unknown parameter integer for primitive
C230
Gmset error: Axis defined with unknown Ppointinteger for primitive
C240
Isometric error: Ppointinteger not defined
C250
Isometric error: Cannot calculate angle between Ppointinteger and Ppointinteger
C260
Isometric error: Incorrect angle between Ppointinteger and Ppointinteger. Angle is value and should be value.
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C270
Isometric error: Incorrect angle between Ppointinteger and Ppointinteger. They should not be parallel.
C280
Gmset error: primitive may be a degenerate primitive
C290
Isometric error: Ppoint1, Ppoint2 and Ppoint0 should be colinear
C300
Gmset error: primitive cannot be constructed
C310
Gmset error: Expression error for primitive
C820
SKEY not set
C830
SKEY word is used with generic type word, not word
C840
SKEY word not known. Assumed to be user defined.
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10
Piping Components in PARAGON You must use the following conventions for numbering the P-points of Piping Components so that ISODRAFT can recognise them: •
For tube components, there must only be one P-point, P1, which defines the bore and connection type of both ends of the piece of tube.
•
For nozzles, the connection P-point (i.e. the P-point for connection to the head or tail branch) must be P1.
•
For two-way components, the arrive and leave P-points must be numbered P1 and P2 (in either order). For two-way valves, the spindle direction must be indicated by P3.
•
For three-way components, the offline leg must be indicated by P3. The spindle direction for three-way valves must be specified by using a P-point greater than P3, which must have its bore unset.
•
For four-way components, the two straight-through flows must have P-points P1/P2 and P3/P4. The spindle direction for four-way valves must be specified by using a Ppoint greater than P4, which must have its bore unset.
•
For eccentric reducers without a connection point, the flat side must be indicated by P3. Eccentric reducers with a connection point must use P3, with a valid bore set, to indicate the connection point and must use P9, with bore unset, for orientation of the flat side.
•
For U-bends, the P-points must be set as shown in Figure 10:1.: P-point Numbering Convention for U-bends.
Figure 10:1. P-point Numbering Convention for U-bends
See the ISODRAFT Reference Manual for further details.
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10.1
Special Components
10.1.1
Implied Tube Implied tube is special because it only requires one ppoint and does not require a geometry set. Because tube has a default geometry set, the parameters for tube are fixed by convention as: Parameter 1 Nominal Bore Parameter 2 Outside Diameter Parameter 3 Connection Type Parameter 4 onwards may be used for any other purpose but will not affect the geometry.
10.1.2
Mitred Bends Mitred Bends are essentially piping components fabricated from tube cut at angles and welded together. Prior to version 12.0 of PDMS, these components were catalogue components with a complex geometry set. Although the bend shown appears to have a square end, the tube lengths are calculated to the longest side of the cuts and the start and end segments are treated as part of the arrive and leave tube for material purposes. These two end parts are deemed as virtual segments in PDMS because they don't cut the pipe at P1 and P2
To enable this more intelligent use of mitred bends, a default geometry set has been built in to PDMS for conventional mitred bend types. The default geometry set is used in a similar way to tube where a default geometry set is used if the component GTYP is a BEND and the geometry reference is unset. A bend pointset is required to define arrive and leave points with P1 and P2 defined and positioned by either parameters or DDANGLE and DDRADIUS. The same pointset will be applicable if it is a pulled or mitred bend. In the design database, a BEND element now has a new attribute NCUTS which determines how many cuts to apply to each bend. This is only used if the bend has no geometry set, so existing bends will be unaffected. Any bends with NCUTS set to zero or less will be treated as a pulled bend. The default value for NCUTS is 0. Pipe Bore, Connection type and PPOINT positions are all required to enable connection between components. Additionally a pipe outside diameter is required to enable the component size to be determined. Like implied tube, the order in which these parameters are built is important and should be as follows:
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Parameter 1 Nominal Bore Parameter 2 Outside Diameter Parameter 3 Connection Type Parameter 4 default NCUTS Parameter 5 onwards may be used for any other purpose but will not affect the geometry
10.1.3
How Number of Cuts (NCUTS) Work The values assigned to parameter 4 are important in how they apply to the design. Any positive values of NCUTs from zero will be interpreted in the design as the number of cuts so if parameter 4 is set to 3 then the design component will have 3 cuts regardless of the setting in DESIGN. Setting parameter 4 to 0 will mean that the bend is treated like a pulled bend and will not have any cuts available. This means that the parameter4 setting will override any changes to the NCUTS attribute in DESIGN and the user will not be able to modify it. This is necessary so that the type of bends to be used can be controlled via a specification and so that ISODRAFT can get the correct SKEY and number of cuts. If the user wants to have fully variable cuts and freedom to re-specify NCUTS then setting parameter 4 to a negative number will result in an uncontrolled bend where the user must specify how many cuts to use. The maximum number of cuts per bend is 25.
10.1.4
Dynamic PPOINTS In order to calculate dimensions and tube lengths, a set of dynamic ppoints are provided to suit the number of cuts being used. For example on a single cut bend we would require a ppoint on the inside centre and outside as shown below plus extra cuts if insulation is added. The points are arranged with the centreline ppoint as number 10, Inside point as 11 outside point as 12 and then points 13 and 14 as the inside and outside insulation points respectively.
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Because of the dynamic nature of the ppoints, the ppoint numbers are directly related to individual cuts, multiplied by ten, so cut 1 will have five ppoints numbered from 10 to 14 and cut 2 will have five ppoints from 20 to 24. additional ppoints will be available for each additional cut defined by the cut number times ten with the same configuration as described earlier.
10.1.5
Pseudo Attributes To find out if a bend is a new type of mitred bend, there is a new pseudo attribute ACTNCU to get the actual ncuts value in either the catalogue or from the design. If ACTNCU returns zero, then it is not a mitred bend. The pseudo attributes ATLE, LTLE, TLE and FITLEN now return the maximum cut length of the relevant implied tube. To get the tube lengths of the individual segments and virtual segments the following can be used.
10.1.6
BSCLL
Bend Segment Centre-Line Length
BSMXL
Bend Segment MaXimum Length
BSMNL
Bend Segment MiNimum Length
BVSCLL
Bend Virtual Segment Centre-Line Length
BVSMXL
Bend Virtual Segment MaXimum Length
BVSMNL
Bend Virtual Segment MiNimum Length
Implied Geometry sets in PARAGON Components with implied geometry sets cannot currently be visualised in PARAGON other than showing the pointset locations.
10.2
Naming Conventions It is important that certain items in the Catalogue database are named as they are referenced from other databases as well as internally. It would be impracticable to allow system-generated database reference numbers to be referenced as this would lead to meaningless output from reports and isometrics. Figure 10:2.: Design, Specification and Catalogue databases shows the relationship between the Design, Specification, and Catalogue databases. Consistency when naming items is important, making cross-database connections as easily identifiable as possible. In ISODRAFT, bolt lengths for Piping Components are derived by referring to the SBOL name. Item detail is picked up from the RTEX attribute of the DTEX and the material is picked up from the XTEX attribute of the MTEX. Note that the item code name on an isometric is obtained from the second part of the SPREF attribute of a Component, i.e. its name in the Specification. In the example in Figure 10:2.: Design, Specification and Catalogue databases, the name would be output as FLANWN300100. See the ISODRAFT Reference Manual for further details.
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10.3
Example Connection Type Codes Naming of the P-point PCON attribute of a Piping Component requires early consideration. The PCON name is for use mainly in data consistency checking, but also by ISODRAFT for working out bolting details. The rules for ISODRAFT are as follows: •
The first letter of the PCON attribute of a flange must be ‘F’ or ‘L’ (the latter for lap joints)
•
The first letter of the PCON attribute of a gasket must be ‘G’
•
The first letter of the PCON attribute of a wafer fitting must be ‘W’
The list below is not exhaustive and only shows example codes - it is not mandatory. Item and/or Connection Type
Code
300lb Raised-Face Flange
FGD
300lb Gasket
GGD
Pipe Bevelled End
TUB
Butt Weld
BWD
Socket Weld
SWF
300lb Wafer Fitting
WGD
Screwed Male
SCM
Screwed Female
SCF
Figure 10:2. Design, Specification and Catalogue databases
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10.4
Connection Compatibility Table The table in the previous section can be used to construct a PDMS Connection Compatibility Table (CCTA) which sets out all the permissible connection pairs. If an attempt is made to connect two pipework components in DESIGN, then a check is made to see if the p-leave PCON attribute of the first component and the p-arrive PCON attribute of the second component appear as a matching pair in the connection table. If there is such a matching pair then the components are connected, otherwise a similar check is made on the p-leave PCON attributes of each component. If a matching pair is now found, the second component is ‘flipped’ and connected to the first. If no matching pair is found then an ‘incompatible connection type’ error message is output and the second component is left in its original position and orientation. The following sample connection table uses the connection list given in the previous section:
NEW CCTAB NEW COCO /FGDGGD CTYPE FGD GGD NEW COCO /TUBBWD CTYPE TUB BWD NEW COCO /GGDWGD CTYPE GGD WGD NEW COCO /TUBSWF CTYPE TUB SWF NEW COCO /SCMSWF CTYPE SCM SWF NEW COCO /SCFTUB CTYPE SCF TUB The COCO (Connection Compatibility) elements are named so that the allowable connections are easily queried. The above table shows, for example, that tube can be connected to a screwed female connection but not to a screwed male connection. Different ratings of flanges and gaskets should have different connection attributes to ensure that different pressure fittings cannot be connected without a warning message being issued. This principle also applies to different flange face characteristics, e.g. flat face and raised face: however, there are some exceptions. On some jobs a flat-faced flange on a piece of equipment may be butted up to a raised-face flange. If this is a common occurrence, it may be worth inputting a new COCO to allow the connection.
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10.5
Construction of Typical Piping Components This section gives sample macros for the construction of typical Catalogue Piping Components using PARAGON. Each macro starts at CATEGORY level. The view parameters used to produce the drawings shown vary between each example, and so are not given here. Each drawing has REPRESENTATION settings of TUBE ON CENTRELINE ON PPOINTS ON NUMBERS ON. Some of the Components are too large to fit onto a typical view area when drawn at the default SCALE value of 1. Values of 0.5 are suggested for examples 1 and 3, and 0.05 for example 6. The definition for each Component includes the possibility of insulation being present, although this is not drawn. Note how the clash geometry and component geometry have been combined.
Figure 10:3. A Control Valve, using the SDSH primitive
NEW PTSE /CVMWPS NEW GMSE /CVMWGS NEW SCOM /CVMW GTYP INST PARA 25 100 133 17.5 FLGD PTRE /CVMWPS GMRE /CVMWGS MODEL CE GOTO PTRE NEW PTAX PCON (PARAM[5]) NUMB 1 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS (PARAM[2]) PAXI -Y NEW PTAX PCON (PARAM[5]) NUMB 2 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS (PARAM[2]) PAXI Y NEW PTAX PCON NULL NUM 3 PBOR 0 PDIS (2.50 * PARAM[4]) PAXI X
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/CVMW GOTO GMRE NEW SCYL PDIS (PARAM[2]) PHEI (-2 * PARAM[2]) PDIA (PARAM[3]) PAXI Y NEW SCYL PDIS 0 PHEI (2.5 * PARAM[2]) PDIA (1.6 * PARAM[2]) PAXI X NEW SSPH OBST 0 CLFL TRUE TUFL TRUE PDIS 0 PAXI -Y PDIA (0.50 * PARAM[1]) NEW SCON OBST 0 CLFL TRUE TUFL TRUE PDIS (2.5 * PARAM[2]) PDIA (1.6 * PARAM[2]) PAXI X NEW SDSH CLFL TRUE TUFL TRUE PDIA (1.6 * PARAM[2]) PHEI (0.8 * PARAM[2]) PDIS (2.5 * PARAM[2]) PAXI X NEW SCYL OBST 0 TUFL TRUE PDIS (PARAM[2]) PHEI (-1 * PARAM[4]) PDIA (PARAM[3] + IPARAM[1]) PAXI -Y NEW SCYL COPY PREV PAXI Y OBST 0 TUFL TRUE PDIS (PARAM[2]) PHEI (-1.0 * PARAM[4]) PDIA (PARAM[3] + IPARAM[1]) PAXI Y NEW LSNO OBST 0 TUFL TRUE PTDI (PARAM[2] - PARAM[4]) PBDI 0 PTDM (PARAM[3] + IPARAM[1]) PBDM (1 + IPARAM[1]) PAAX -Y PBAX Z NEW LSNO COPY PREV PAAX Y NEW LSNO OBST 0 CLFL TRUE PTDI (PARAM[2]) PBDI 0 PTDM (PARAM[3] + IPARAM[1]) PBDM (1 + IPARAM[1]) PAAX -Y PBAX Z NEW LSNO COPY PREV PAAX Y $.
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Figure 10:4. An Unequal Tee
NEW PTSE /MWTPTSET NEW GMSE /MWTGMSET NEW SCOM /MWNEQTEE GTYP TEE PARA 100 80 114 90 BWD 105 80 15 10 PTRE /MWTPTSET GMRE /MWTGMSET MODEL CE GOTO PTRE NEW PTAX PCON (PARAM[5]) NUMB 1 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS (PARAM[6]) PAXI -Y NEW PTAX COPY PREV PAXI Y NUM 2 NEW PTAX PCON (PARAM[5]) NUMB 3 PBOR (PARAM[2]) PDIS (PARAM[7]) PAXI X /MWNEQTEE GOTO GMRE NEW LINE OBST 0 CLFL TRUE P1 P2 NEW LINE OBST 0 CLFL TRUE P3 P0 NEW SSPH OBST 0 CLFL TRUE PDIS 0 PAXI P1 PDIA (PARAM[8]) NEW SSPH COPY PREV PAXI P2 NEW SSPH OBST 0 CLFL TRUE LEVE 0 2 PDIS 0 PAXI P3 PDIA (PARAM[9]) NEW SCYL TUFL TRUE PDIS 0 PHEI (-2 * PARAM[6]) PDIA (PARAM[3]) PAXI P1 NEW SCYL TUFL TRUE PDIS 0 PHEI (PARAM[7]) PDIA (PARAM[4]) PAXI X END $.
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Figure 10:5. A Weld Neck Flange
NEW PTSE /MWFLPS NEW GMSE /MWFLGS NEW SCOM /MWWNFLAN GTYP FLAN PARA 100 114 254 30 56 180 TUB FLGD 20 PTRE /MWFLPS GMRE /MWFLGS MODEL CE GOTO PTRE NEW PTAX PCON (PARAM[8]) NUMB 1 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS 0 PAXI -Y NEW PTAX PCON (PARAM[7]) NUMB 2 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PAXI Y PDIS (PARAM[4] + PARAM[5]) /MWWNFLAN GOTO GMRE NEW SCYL CLFL TRUE TUFL TRUE PDIS 0 PHEI (PARAM[4]) PDIA (PARAM[3] + IPARAM[1]) PAXI Y NEW LINE OBST 0 CLFL TRUE P1 P2 NEW SSPH OBST 0 CLFL TRUE PDIS 0 PAXI P2 PDIA (PARAM[9]) NEW LSNO TUFL TRUE PTDI (PARAM[5] + PARAM[4]) PBDI (PARAM[4]) PBDM (PARAM[6] + IPARAM[1]) PTDM (PARAM[2] + IPARAM[1]) PAAX Y PBAX X POFF 0 END $.
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Figure 10:6. A Concentric Reducer
NEW PTSE /MWRPTSET NEW GMSE /MWRGMSET NEW SCOM /MWCR2 GTYP REDU PARA 100 80 110 90 102 0 BWD 15 10 PTRE /MWRPTSET GMRE /MWRGMSET MODEL CE GOTO PTRE NEW PTAX NUMB 1 PCON (PARAM[7]) PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS 0 PAXI -Y NEW PTCA NUMB 2 PCON (PARAM[7]) PBOR (PARAM[2]) PX 0 PY (PARAM[5]) PZ (-1 * PARAM[6]) NEW PTAX NUMB 3 PDIS 0 PAXI -Z /MWCR2 GOTO GMRE NEW LINE OBST 0 CLFL TRUE P1 P2 NEW SSPH OBST 0 CLFL TRUE PDIS 0 PAXI P1 PDIA (PARAM[8]) NEW SSPH OBST 0 CLFL TRUE PDIS 0 PAXI P2 PDIA (0.65 * PARAM[9]) NEW LSNO TUFL TRUE PTDI (PARAM[5]) PBDI 0 PTDM (PARAM[4] + IPARAM[1]) PBDM (PARAM[3] + IPARAM[1]) PAAX Y PBAX -Z POFF (PARAM[6]) END $.
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Figure 10:7. An Elbow
NEW PTSE /MWPS35 NEW GMSE /MWGS34 NEW SCOM /MWEL5 GTYP ELBO PARA 50 60 25 75 15 SWF PTRE /MWPS35 GMRE /MWGS34 MODEL CE GOTO PTRE NEW PTAX PCON (PARAM[6]) NUMB 1 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS (PARAM[3]) PAXI -Y NEW PTAX PCON (PARAM[6]) NUMB 2 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS (PARAM[3]) PAXI Y 45 X /MWEL5 GOTO GMRE NEW LINE OBST 0 CLFL TRUE P1 T0 P2 NEW SCTO TUFL TRUE PAAX P1 PBAX P2 PDIA (PARAM[2] + IPARAM[1]) NEW LSNO OBST 0 CLFL TRUE PTDI (PARAM[5]) PBDI 0.00 PTDM (PARAM[4] + IPARAM[1]) PBDM (PARAM[4] + IPARAM[1]) PAAX P1 PBAX Z TVIS FALSE NEW LSNO COPY PREV PAAX P2 NEW SCYL OBST 0 TUFL TRUE PHEI (PARAM[5]) PDIA (PARAM[4] + IPARAM[1]) PAXI P1 NEW SCYL COPY PREV PAXI P2 END $.
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Figure 10:8. A Mitred Elbow, using SSLC Primitives
NEW PTSE /MWPTESTC1 NEW GMSE /MWGTESTC1 NEW SCOM /MWLOBST-51 GTYP ELBO PARA 500 2000 398.7 -550 -152.2 -1234.6 -585.5 BWDN PTRE /MWPTESTC1 GMRE /MWGTESTC1 MODEL CE GOTO PTRE NEW PTAX PCON (PARAM[8]) NUMB 1 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS (PARAM[2]) PAXI -Y NEW PTAX PCON (PARAM[8]) NUMB 2 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS (PARAM[2]) PAXI X NEW PTCA NUMB 3 PX (-PARAM[6]) PY (PARAM[5]) PZ 0 PTCDIR -X 24 -Y NEW PTCA NUMB 4 PX (-PARAM[7]) PY (PARAM[7]) PZ 0 PTCDIR -X 45 -Y NEW PTCA NUMB 5 PX (-PARAM[5]) PY (PARAM[6]) PZ 0 PTCDIR -Y 24 -X /MWLOBST-51 GOTO GMRE NEW SRTO PAAX P1 PBAX P2 PDIA (-1.2 * PARAM[4]) PHEI (PARAM[3]) NEW SSLC OBST 0 CLFL TRUE TUFL TRUE PDIA (PARAM[4]) PHEI (-PARAM[3]) PDIS 0 PAXI P1 PXTS -11.5 NEW SSLC OBST 0 CLFL TRUE TUFL TRUE PDIA (PARAM[4]) PHEI (-PARAM[3]) PDIS 0 PAXI P2 PXTS 11.5 NEW SSLC OBST 0 CLFL TRUE TUFL TRUE PDIA (PARAM[4]) PHEI (-2 * PARAM[3]) PDIS (PARAM[3]) PAXI P3 PXTS -11.5 PXBS 11.5 NEW SSLC COPY PREV PAXI P4 NEW SSLC COPY PREV PAXI P5 END $.
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Figure 10:9. A Rectangular Cross Section Pipe, using BOXI primitives
PARAGON Syntax: NEW PTSE /PBOXI2 NEW PTAX PCON BWD NUM 1 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS 0 PAXI -Y END OF END NEW GMSE /GBOXI2 NEW BOXI PAXI P1 PXLE (PARAM[3]) PZLE (PARAM[2]) CLFL TRUE TUFL TRUE END OF END NEW PTSE /PELBO NEW PTAX PCON BWD NUM 1 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS 250 PAXI -Y END NEW PTAX PCON BWD NUM 2 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS 250 PAXI X END OF END NEW GMSE /GELBO NEW SRTO CLFL TRUE TUFL TRUE PAAX P1 PBAX P2 PDIA (PARAM[2]) PHEI (PARAM[3]) END OF END NEW PTSE /PVELBO NEW PTAX PCON BWD NUM 1 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS 250 PAXI -Y END NEW PTAX PCON BWD NUM 2 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS 250 PAXI Z END OF END NEW PTSE /PWELD NEW PTAX PCON BWD NUM 1 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS 0 PAXI Y END NEW PTAX PCON BWD NUM 2 PBOR (PARAM[1]) PDIS 0 PAXI -Y END OF END NEW GMSE /GWELD NEW SSPH CLFL TRUE TUFL TRUE PAXI P1 PDIA (PARAM[2]) END OF END NEW SCOM /BOX100 GTYP TUBE PARA 300100 100 300 END OLD SCOM /BOX100
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PTRE PTSE /PBOXI2 GMRE GMSE /GBOXI2 NEW SCOM /HELBO100 GTYP ELBO PARA 300100 300 100 END OLD SCOM /HELBO100 PTRE /PELBO GMRE /GELBO NEW SCOM /VELBO100 GTYP ELBO PARA 300100 100 300 END OLD SCOM /VELBO100 PTRE /PVELBO GMRE /GELBO NEW SCOM /BWELD100 GTYP WELD PARA 300100 200 END OLD SCOM /BWELD100 PTRE /PWELD GMRE /GWELD SPECON Macro: NEW SPECIFICATION /BOXI.SPEC MATREF =0 FLUREF =0 RATING 0.000 LINETYPE NUL HEADING TYPE NAME PBOR0 CATREF DETAIL MATXT CMPREF BLTREF TUBE */D300X100 300100.0 /BOX101 =0 =0 =0 =0 HEADING TYPE NAME PBOR0 STYP CATREF DETAIL MATXT CMPRE BLTREF ELBO */HB300X100 300100.0 H /HELBO101 =0 =0 =0 =0 ELBO */VB300X100 300100.0 V /VELBO101 =0 =0 =0 =0 HEADING TYPE NAME PBOR0 CATREF DETAIL MATXT CMPREF BLTREF WELD */W300X100 300100.0 /BWELD101 =0 =0 =0 =0 $.
DESIGN Syntax: NEW PIPE SPEC BOXI.SPEC NEW BRAN /BOXIBRAN HPOS E0 HBOR 300100 HDIR N HCON BWD TPOS E2500 N7000 U1000 TDIR S TBOR 300100 TCON BWD NEW WELD SEL CONN TO PH AND P0 IS U SPRE /BOXI.SPEC/W300X100 LSTU/BOXI.SPEC/D300X100 ORIF TRUE POSF TRUE NEW ELBO SEL WI STYP V THRO N5000 DIR U NEW ELBO SEL WI STYP H THRO U1000 DIR E NEW ELBO SEL WI STYP V THRO PT DIR N NEW WELD SEL CONN TO PT AND P0 IS E END Note: That it is assumed that a COCO element allowing BWD to BWD connections already exists in your database.
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11
Specification Constructor SPECON, the Specification Constructor, is used to create or modify the Specification (SPEC) elements in Catalogue Databases. These Specifications govern the choice of components from the catalogue. They must have been set up, together with the rest of the Catalogue DB, before design work takes place. In principle, therefore, SPECONMODE within PARAGON will be one of the first modules to be used when a new PDMS project is initiated, although in practice it is likely that a companywide library of Catalogues and Specifications will be created independently of any individual design project and accessed by subsequent users to ensure overall standardisation and quality control. SPECON enables you to input new Specifications, to modify existing Specifications, and to output Specifications to your terminal or to a file (to be printed or input again at a later date). A facility is provided so that you can make changes to a Specification without losing compatibility between existing design data and earlier versions of that Specification. This is achieved by maintaining valid references to obsolescent components in the Specification while preventing their selection in new designs. The part of the hierarchy below a Catalogue element which is relevant when considering Specifications is shown in Figure 11:1.: Part of the structure of a CATA element. (The options CATE, STCAT and TEXT have been omitted; see Catalogue Database Structure for a fuller explanation.)
Figure 11:1.
Part of the structure of a CATA element
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The functions of the individual types of element are as follows:
11.1
SECT
Piping Section and Structural Section elements are administrative STSECT subdivisions of the owning CATA element.
COMP
Component elements hold the definitions of piping components. These definitions comprise pointers to GMSET (Geomset) and PTSET (Pointset) elements, plus lists of parameters which specify the exact type, size and geometry of each component (that is, the component’s Attributes, including its GTYPE).
PROF
Profile, Joint and Fitting elements hold the definitions of corresponding
JOIN
structural components. These definitions comprise pointers to GMSET, FITT GMSSET, PTSET and PTSSET elements, plus lists of specific attributes, in a similar way to COMP elements.
DTEXT
Detailing Text elements hold text which may be used to describe components in schedules and on isometrics. (They also hold the SKEYs which define the symbols used to represent components in isometric drawings; see the PDMS ISODRAFT Reference Manual.)
MTEXT
Material Text elements hold text which may be used to describe the materials of construction of the components.
Content and Format of a Specification The component Specifications, which define the availability of components for particular types of use, are held in the SPWLD (Specification World) Elements of the Catalogue DB. These elements, which are at the same hierarchic level as the CATA elements, can own the simple hierarchy of elements shown in Figure 11:2.: The structure of a SPWLD element.
Figure 11:2.
The structure of a SPWLD element
A SPEC is equivalent to an engineering specification for a given class of piping or structural component. It may contain all components of a given material, for example carbon steel, or all components for a given class of use, for example all piping components with a particular pressure rating. Such a SPEC comprises tabulated data of the type illustrated in Figure 11:3.: Part of a typical Specification for piping components, where each headed ‘question’ column represents a SELEC and each horizontal row represents an SPCOM.
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It is possible to allocate a default value to most SELEC options, to be used if that particular attribute is not defined during the selection process. The default setting is shown in the tabulated SPEC immediately below the corresponding column heading (the SELEC element) for that attribute. Note: Default values are not allowed for NAME or TYPE, or for reference pointers such as CATREF and DETAIL. It is also possible to define overall specification pointers and settings which apply to the whole SPEC, not just to individual SPCOMs. These are shown at the top of the SPEC listing, before the Heading, as shown by the entries MATREF, FLUREF, RATING and LINETYPE in Figure 11:3.: Part of a typical Specification for piping components. The meanings of the various parts of the Specification, and lists of valid attributes (corresponding to the column headings) which apply to particular types of component specification, are detailed in Typical Specifications.
Figure 11:3.
Part of a typical Specification for piping components
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11.2
How Component Selection Works This section explains how the tabulated Specification (SPEC) data is used to choose an appropriate piping component from the complete catalogue. Similar principles apply to structural components and equipment nozzles, although for these you may also use the catalogue without a Specification. The SELEC elements are generated automatically from the tabular SPECON input for a given SPEC and hold all information about those attributes of a component which determine its availability for a given purpose. For any given set of design criteria, the route through the SELECtors follows a ‘question and answer’ sequence to determine which SPCOM is suitable. Each question relates to a specific item in the specification and each answer leads to the next relevant question in a logical progression. Any given combination of answers should correspond to one, and only one, SPCOM. The types of information considered at the SELEC decision points for PDMS piping components might include: •
Generic type; for example, BEND, TEE, VALV etc.
•
Bore(s)
•
Angle(s) between multiple inlets/outlets and so on.
In addition to these specifying attributes, each SPCOM contains a pointer to a COMP, which meets all the listed specifications, in a CATA element. It is this pointer, known as the Catalogue Reference (CATREF), which forms the key to correct component selection when new pipework is being designed. Each SPCOM also contains pointers to detailing text (DETAIL points to DTEXT), material text (MATXT points to MTEXT), bolting requirements (BLTREF points to BLTAB), component properties (CMPREF points to CMPT in a Properties DB) and part requirements (PRTREF). There are two essential links which ensure that an appropriate component is selected during the design of new pipework or a new structure, namely: •
Design Component to Specification
•
Specification to Catalogue Component
Thus, when a new pipe component is to be selected for inclusion in a Design DB, the following sequence is applied: •
The design component is allocated a Specification Reference (SPREF) which is selected from the required SPEC. You usually define the Pipe Specification (PSPEC) as soon as you create a new pipe, and this is then applied to all components which the Pipe owns unless you override it.
•
The SPREF points to an SPCOM (in the Catalogue DB).
•
The SPCOM points to a suitable catalogue component (COMP) via the CATREF pointer.
(The SPCOM also points to a DTEXT via the DETAIL pointer, an MTEXT via the MATXT pointer, a BLTAB element via the BLTREF pointer, and a CMPT element in a Properties DB via the CMPREF pointer, as appropriate.) This is illustrated below.
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COMP PIPE COMPONENT (PSPEC)
via SELECs
SPEC COMPONENT (SPCOM)
DTEXT
CATREF DETAIL
SPREF
MATXT
MTEXT
BLTREF CMPREF
BLTAB
CMPT (PROPS DB)
DESIGN DATA Figure 11:4.
SPECIFICATIONS
CATALOGUE
The links between Design Data, Specifications and Catalogue
EXAMPLE: As an illustration of the principles of the selection process, consider the following question and answer sequence which might apply when choosing a valve from the /RF300 Specification represented in Figure 11:3.: Part of a typical Specification for piping components: SELEC_1 TYPE? Answer VALV, which leads to the next question ... SELEC_2 PBOR0? Answer 25.0, which leads to a choice of three STYPs SELEC_3 STYP? Answer GA, which in this example offers only one choice for SHOP SELEC_4 SHOP? Answer TRUE The resulting combination of SELEC answers, namely a 25mm bore Gate Valve with its SHOP attribute set to TRUE, is represented in the SPEC by one, and only one, SPCOM, namely */25GA. This points to the component in the Catalogue which completely matches the specification, via the CATREF /VGAFF. The corresponding descriptive DTEXT is pointed to by the DETAIL /DGA.V.SW, and so on. Note that the CATREF is unique within this SPEC, whereas the same DETAIL applies to other components such as */20GA.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Manipulating the Catalogue Database using SPECONMODE
12
Manipulating the Catalogue Database using SPECONMODE SPECON is used for all aspects of Specification creation, modification and interrogation. This chapter explains how to carry out the following tasks:
12.1
•
Create a new SPEC (Creating a Specification)
•
Access an existing SPEC (Accessing an Existing Specification)
•
Input data (SELECs and SPCOMs) to a SPEC (Entering Tabular Data)
•
Edit an existing SPEC (Editing an Existing Specification)
•
Copy an existing SPEC as the basis for a new SPEC (Copying a Specification)
•
Output the contents of a SPEC to a selected device (Outputting a Specification)
•
Use macro input techniques to simplify SPECON usage (Using Macros For SPECON Inputs)
Creating a Specification In PARAGON command line type SPECONMODE to use the SPECON command syntax. To create a new SPEC, use one of the commands
NEW SPECification specname NEW specname where specname is the PDMS name which will be used to refer to the complete Specification. Note: The short form of the command is all that is necessary, since a SPEC is the only element type which you can create at this level in SPECON (the lower level elements SELEC and SPCOM are created indirectly when the tabular data is entered; see Entering Tabular Data). For example, either of the following commands:
NEW SPEC /RF300 NEW /RF300 would create a new SPEC called /RF300. To associate a descriptive text with the SPEC name, use the syntax
TEXT text
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For example, the SPEC created in the preceding example might be given an associated text by entering the command:
TEXT ’300 psi Piping Specification’ Note: The delimiting apostrophes enclosing the text string, which must not exceed 50 characters. This text, which is stored in a TEXT element in the hierarchy, will be shown after the SPEC name when the Specification is output; see Outputting a Specification. Two system attributes on the PDMS SPECIFICATION element are used when the product VPRM is the source of PDMS Specifications. When a specification is imported to PDMS the attributes FISSUE and FINPUTBY hold the VPRM information. •
FISSUE holds VPRM issue number
•
FINPUTBY holds information indicating that the source was VPRM and includes the date of issue
The system attribute FSTATUS also holds the VPRM status of the specification, usually working or approved. For example:
Finputby |VPRM at 26-NOV-2003 12:04|
12.2
Fissue
|00|
Fstatus
|APPROVED|
Accessing an Existing Specification Access a SPEC by using any of the following commands:
OLD SPECification specname OLD specname SPECification specname specname where specname is the name of an existing SPEC. For example, enter any of the following commands:
OLD SPEC /RF300 OLD /RF300 SPEC /RF300 /RF300 to access the SPEC created in Creating a Specification. Clearly, the simplest method is to enter just the name of the SPEC required. You may interrogate the SPWLD hierarchy by using the command, or change to a different SPEC element within it by using any of the standard DB navigational commands such as FIRST, NEXT, etc., in the usual way.
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12.3
Entering Tabular Data
12.3.1
General Principles You must have created or accessed a SPEC (as described in Creating a Specification and Accessing an Existing Specification, respectively) before you can enter tabular data. Each Specification may contain any number of separate tables. For example, that part of the SPEC named /RF300 listed in Figure 11:3.: Part of a typical Specification for piping components contains four tables (one for each of the component types VALV, TEE, ELBO and FLAN), although the complete SPEC would probably contain many more.A table comprises three distinct types of data: •
A Heading (or Question Line)
•
Defaults
•
Answer Lines
The heading must be at the top of the table; the defaults, if specified, must immediately follow the heading; and the answer lines (one for each SPCOM) form the remainder. This sequence is illustrated in Figure 11:3.: Part of a typical Specification for piping components.
12.3.2
Special Characters in SPEC Data In addition to conventional alphanumeric PDMS names and attribute values, the following special characters may be used in the SPEC data entries: •
* The star or asterisk character is used throughout PDMS as an abbreviation which you can set to the name of an owning element when naming a member element in a DB hierarchy. In most modules you must define this character by using the command, but it is set automatically by SPECON so that it always refers to the name of the current SPEC. For example, in the SPEC named /RF300 shown in Figure 11:3.: Part of a typical Specification for piping components, the component listed as */20GA has the full PDMS name /RF300/20GA.
•
+ The plus character means ditto; it enables you to repeat the setting above it in the table with the minimum of keystrokes.
•
- The minus or dash character, which may be used only in the default line of a table, means ‘not applicable’ or ‘unspecified’. If a default line is present, this character must appear under TYPE and NAME, and under any SELEC questions for which default answers are not set. It must not appear under CATREF, DETAIL, MATXT etc., for which defaults are never allowed.
•
= The equals character, when used in the default line of a table, means that the answer will default to the first selector in list order after all other questions have been answered.
As an example, consider the following part of a table (which incorporates all four of the characters * - + and = ): HEADING TYPE NAME DEFAULTS FLAN */FG FLAN */FX ...
PBOR0
STYP CATREF
DETAIL
MATXT
20.0 +
= S P
/20FL +
/ASA-20F /ASA-20FX
/FSAAPAPP +
CMPREF =0 =0
BLTREF /SBOL/20F +
This includes two SPCOMs which differ only in the Selector STYP (Subtype) and which have pointers, for the purpose of this example, to different Material Texts. When this SPEC is used to select a component without specifying the required STYP, the = default option will
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select the first SPCOM (*/FG) in the list order, which points to the MTEXT identified as / ASA-20F. Note: The equals signs within the body of the table, in the form =0, simply show that those pointers have not been set. They have no relevance to the equals sign in a default line. Since PDMS does not allow any SPREF to exist more than once, items in a SPEC which are identical but which need to be distinguished from each other may be allocated suffixes. ISODRAFT can be made to ignore such a suffix by recognising the delimiting character which separates the suffix from the rest of the SPREF. For example, if the delimiting character is defined as a colon (:), which is the default, ISODRAFT will identify two components with the SPREFs /TEE.FS:AA and /TEE.FS:AB as having the same item code / TEE.FS. See the ISODRAFT Reference Manual for further details, including the way in which you may specify which character is to be recognised as the delimiter.
12.3.3
Headings The heading line, which defines the column headings for the rest of the table, contains four distinct sorts of information: •
TYPE is the generic type (GTYPE) of the component represented by an SPCOM.
•
NAME is the unique identifier for each SPCOM.
•
Selector Questions define the SELEC choices which will be used to choose an appropriate SPCOM for a given design purpose (e.g. STYPE, ANGLE etc.).
•
Reference Pointers link each SPCOM to the corresponding definitions in the other parts of the Catalogue (e.g. CATREF points to a COMP, DETAIL points to a DTEXT, and so on).
(For full details of the available options for Selector Questions and Reference Pointers, see Selectors and Pointers for Piping Components, Selectors and Pointers for Structural Components, or Selectors and Pointers for Insulation.) To define a heading, use the command syntax
Heading TYpe NAme
questions
pointers
noting that the command is entered on two lines (i.e. you must press RETURN after the command HEADING, as well as after the last entry in the second heading line). Note: When new data is entered into a Specification, the input sequence is TYPE NAME ... etc.; when an existing Specification is modified (see Editing an Existing Specification), or when its contents are output (see Outputting a Specification), the corresponding sequence is NAME TYPE ... etc. Examples of possible commands for defining headings are as follows: For generic type TUBE HEADING TYPE NAME PBOR0 SCHE SHOP CATREF DETAIL MATXT CMPREF BLTREF
For generic type ELBO HEADING TYPE NAME PBOR0 STYP ANGL SHOP CATREF DETAIL MATXT CMPREF BLTREF
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For generic type REDU HEADING TYPE NAME PBOR0 PBOR2 STYP SHOP CATREF DETAIL MATXT CMPREF BLTREF
For generic type BEAM HEADING TYPE NAME STYP GRAD DEPT WIDT WEIG INER CATREF
and so on. See Typical Specifications for explanations of the SELEC questions used in these headings. The maximum number of entries in a heading line (that is, the maximum number of columns in the table) is 20. Note: The number of columns in an existing Specification cannot be changed, so it is important that you choose the headings carefully when you create a new Specification.
12.3.4
Defaults To define the default settings for the SELEC answers, use the command syntax
Defaults default_settings which, as with the HEADING command, occupies two input lines. Each SELEC question column must be set to either a definite answer (value, word, etc.) or to a - or = character (as defined in Special Characters in SPEC Data). The TYPE and NAME columns must have - (null) defaults and the Reference Pointer columns must have no default entries at all. For example, heading and default lines for a table of VALV Specifications might be entered as follows: HEADING TYPE NAME BLTREF DEFAULTS -
PBOR0
-
STYP
SHOP
GATE
=
CATREF
DETAIL
MATXT
CMPREF
Any VALV selected without specifying the STYPE (for example, by using the command NEW VALV SEL in a design module) will have the word GATE assigned as the answer to the SELEC question for its STYPE.
12.3.5
Selector Answers To complete the main area of the table, enter the TYPE and NAME, followed by an appropriate answer (value, word etc.) under each column heading, for each SPCOM line in turn. The spacing between the answers is not critical, although interpretation of the SPEC table may be easier if you align the headings and answers in vertical columns, as illustrated in Figure 11:3.: Part of a typical Specification for piping components. Note, however, that the tabulation used when data in input to a SPEC is not retained when that SPEC is subsequently output. Remember that you can use the * and + characters, defined in Special Characters in SPEC Data, to save repetitive typing when entering the SPEC data from a keyboard.
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Note: You must take care not to use any of the dimensional units (MM, M, IN, FT, FE etc.) in answers which are expected to be words. This applies particularly to the STYPE Selector (see Subtype Selectors: A Special Case). If, for example, a Specification included the adjacent headings PBOR0 STYPE and you entered the answers 25 for the bore and FT for the STYPE, SPECON would interpret this as a bore of 25 feet and would try to assign the next answer or reference pointer to the STYPE.
12.3.6
Subtype Selectors: A Special Case Subtype (STYP or equivalent) selector answers can be tabulated in either of two formats: as a PDMS word (up to four letters), or as a text string (of any length) enclosed between apostrophes. If you use the latter format, you must precede the text string with the word TEXT to avoid possible confusion with user-defined dimensioning units. For example, the STYP for a gate valve (generic type VALV) could be listed either as GATE or as the equivalent form TEXT ’GATE’. If these are to be truly equivalent, you must use uppercase characters for GATE in the text answer. Alternatively, the text version could be extended to give a more explicit description; for example, TEXT ’High Pressure Gate’.
12.3.7
Including User-defined Attributes in Specifications To include the settings of user-defined attributes in a Specification, for subsequent use by ISODRAFT, use the command syntax
EXTRA
:uda_name
attribute_setting
For example:
EXTRA :colour ’green’ (where :colour is a uda of type text) EXTRA :diagonal 226.87 (where :diagonal is a uda of type real) User-defined attribute settings included in this way (one per line) will be correctly output and re-input when you list the SPEC using macros. Note: User-defined attributes to be used in this way must have been defined in LEXICON with SPCOMs as valid components.
12.3.8
Including Comments in Specifications To include a comment in a Specification, typically to clarify details of its content for future users, use the command syntax
COMMENT text All text between apostrophes following the COMMENT command will be ignored when the SPEC is interpreted, but will be correctly output and re-input when you list the SPEC using macros.
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12.4
Editing an Existing Specification
12.4.1
Adding a New SPCOM To add one or more new SPCOM lines to an existing SPEC, use the same syntax as that described in Entering Tabular Data for setting up a new SPEC; that is, enter the command lines
Heading TYpe NAme questions pointers Defaults(optional) default_settings(optional) selector_answers pointer_settings The heading line ‘TYPE NAME questions pointers’ must be the same as the corresponding line in the existing SPEC. SPCOMs entered in this way will be merged into the table for the relevant component type when the SPEC is output.
12.4.2
Deleting or Removing a SPEC or SPCOM The terminology used here is significant: •
If a SPEC or SPCOM is deleted, all aspects of it are eliminated from the Catalogue DB. If an existing design includes a component with an SPREF which points to the deleted data, any future access to the Design DB, say to produce a drawing, will result in an error since no matching SPCOM will be found.
•
If a SPEC or SPCOM is removed, the data held within it is transferred to a special archive Specification named /*LIMBOSPEC. The data still exists, so that references to it are still valid, but it no longer forms part of the original named SPEC. This facility is useful: •
when a component is withdrawn from use for new designs but its continued use in existing designs is permitted
•
when use of a component is to be suspended temporarily while modifications are made.
Note: If you are using more than one Catalogue DB, there is one archive Specification for each DB. This avoids inadvertent transfer of data between DBs due to removal and subsequent restoration of SPECs or SPCOMs. Such multiple archive Specifications are named /*LIMBOSPEC, /*LIMBOSPEC_1, /*LIMBOSPEC_2 etc. Only the single form /*LIMBOSPEC will be referred to in the remainder of this manual. To delete individual SPCOM lines from a SPEC, use the command syntax
DELETE spcom1 spcom2 ... where spcom1, spcom2 etc. identify the relevant SPCOMs. For example,
/RF300 DELETE */20GA */25GA will access the SPEC /RF300 and delete the SPCOMs /RF300/20GA and /RF300/25GA. To delete a complete Specification, use the command syntax
DELETE SPECification specname
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where specname is the name of the SPEC. For example,
/RF300 DELETE SPEC /RF300 will access and then delete the entire SPEC named /RF300. To delete all SPCOMs from a SPEC without deleting the SPEC itself, enter the command
DELETE ALL Note: The DELETE command should be used with care. No checks are made against any design data before the SPCOMs are deleted and any references to such SPCOMs in a Design DB will become invalid. If in doubt, use the REMOVE command. To remove individual SPCOM lines from a SPEC, use the command syntax
REMove spcom1 spcom2 ... where spcom1, spcom2 etc. identify the relevant SPCOMs. The effect of this command is to remove all answers from the named SPCOM lines, except for the pointers CATREF and DETAIL, and to transfer those SPCOMs to the archive Specification /*LIMBOSPEC. If a Specification Reference (SPREF) in a Design DB points to an SPCOM which cannot be found in the currently named SPEC, it will automatically look for that SPCOM in /*LIMBOSPEC. To remove the entire contents of a SPEC, enter the command
REMove ALL To reinstate a removed SPCOM, ensure that you are pointing to the correct current SPEC and then use the syntax for modifying an SPCOM, as defined in Deleting or Removing a SPEC or SPCOM, but incorporate the name of the SPCOM to be reinstated. The SPCOM will automatically be moved back from /*LIMBOSPEC into the original SPEC.
12.5
Copying a Specification It is sometimes necessary to have two SPECs which are very similar, perhaps differing only in the CATREF and DETAIL pointers of their member SPCOMs. To enable you to create these easily, SPECON allows you to make a copy of an existing SPEC which you can then rename and edit as required. To do so, use the command syntax
COPY specname REName name1 name2 where specname identifies the complete SPEC which is to be copied and name1 and name2 define the old and new name parts, respectively, for the individual SPCOM lines throughout the SPEC. In most cases name1 will be the same as specname. For example, to create a new Specification /SPEC2 derived from an existing and similar Specification /SPEC1, enter the commands
NEW SPEC /SPEC2 COPY /SPEC1 RENAME /SPEC1 /SPEC2 /SPEC2 will contain exactly the same headings, default settings and SPCOM lines as / SPEC1 except that all SPCOMs which were named /SPEC1/... in the latter will have been renamed /SPEC2/... in the former. You can now change any individual answers (attribute settings or pointers) in /SPEC2 by using the editing commands described in Editing an Existing Specification.
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12.6
Outputting a Specification
12.6.1
Defining the Destination You can output the content of a SPEC to your terminal or to a file (perhaps for subsequent printing). The device to which SPECON is to send the output may be defined by using the standard device-selection commands described in the PDMS MONITOR Reference Manual. The default is TERMINAL.
12.6.2
Outputting Complete Specifications To output one or more complete SPECs, use the command syntax
OUTput specname1 specname2 ... For example, to send the content of Specification /RF300 to a file named /RF300.SPEC in your current OS directory, enter the commands
FILE /RF300.SPEC OUTPUT /RF300 The data will be output to the selected device in a similar tabular format to that in which it was entered into the SPEC, although the precise tabulation settings will have been modified to suit the linewidth of the destination device (but see also Controlling the Output Format). SPEC data output in this way has the same NAME TYPE ... sequence as that which applies when existing data is being accessed for editing; not the TYPE NAME ... sequence in which it was entered. To output a SPEC with the heading sequence TYPE NAME ... (to be used, for example, as input at a later time; see Using Macros For SPECON Inputs), use the extended command syntax
OUTput NEW specname1 specname2 (The default version of the OUTPUT command is equivalent to OUTPUT OLD, but there is no advantage in using the longer form.)
12.6.3
Controlling the Output Format By default, the tabulated layout of data derived the output macro is the same as that in the original SPEC. You can compact the output macro file by replacing multiple spaces by a single space. This saves disk space, but can make the tables more difficult to read. To do so, use the command
COMPact To restore the tabulated format with aligned columns, use the command
ALIGned
12.6.4
Outputting Parts of Specifications To generate output which is restricted to one or more specified types of component, include the generic types of the required components by using one of the syntax formats
Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Manipulating the Catalogue Database using SPECONMODE
where gtype1, gtype2 etc. are the component types to be included and specname1, specname2 etc. are the Specifications from which the data is to be extracted. For example, to create a file containing just the valve and flange data from the Specification /RF300, in a format suitable for use as input to a different Specification, you might use the commands
FILE /SPECDATA OUTPUT NEW VALV FLAN /RF300
12.6.5
How Bores Are Output Although all pipe bores are stored in the PDMS databases in mm, they may be input and output in either metric or imperial units. The program converts from one set of units to the other by applying the factor 25.4 mm/inch. PDMS holds tables of standard nominal bore pipe sizes and, unless specified otherwise, compares each actual bore against the values in the appropriate (metric or imperial) table. If the actual bore falls within a predefined tolerance of one of the nominal bores, it is assumed that the standard sized pipe is suitable and so that nominal bore is output. You may specify whether component bores within the Specification data are to be output as actual or nominal sizes by using the command syntax
BOREs ACTual BOREs NOMinal The default is BORES NOMINAL. Note: RADI and HEIG questions use the current Distance unit. Nominal Pipe Size Tables contains the tables used by PDMS to define metric and imperial pipe sizes.
12.7
Using Macros For SPECON Inputs While it is possible to create or modify SPECs and SPCOMs interactively, it is usually more efficient to use macros for this purpose. The tabular format of the SPECON input is easily achieved using any normal text editor and the data file thus created can be checked for errors before it is read into the Catalogue DB. If any syntax errors are found when the macro file is run in SPECON, the file may be edited to correct the mistakes and rerun with the minimum amount of effort. The format of the macro input file is exactly the same as that produced by the OUTPUT NEW command described in Outputting Complete Specifications; that is, TYPE must precede NAME in the heading and SPCOM lines. This means that Specifications which have been sent to a file may be edited independently of PDMS, using any available text editor in your computer system, and then reloaded via SPECON. This is often the most effective way of carrying out major revisions of existing SPECs. Any part of an SPCOM line may be changed in this way other than the NAME or TYPE; if these were changed SPECON would not be able to locate the SPCOM to overwrite it. Remember, when creating SPECON input macros from the keyboard, that the symbols * (automatically set to the Specification Name) and + (equivalent to ditto) can be used to save repetitive typing (see Special Characters in SPEC Data).
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To update an existing macro to use text strings instead of PDMS words for STYPE selector answers (see Subtype Selectors: A Special Case), edit the macro so that each fourcharacter word representing an STYP (or equivalent) is replaced by the keyword TEXT followed by the replacement text enclosed between apostrophes. For example, you would replace GATE by TEXT ’GATE’. Note that the text must be in uppercase characters if it is to be interpreted in the same way as the equivalent PDMS word.
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13
Typical Specifications This section explains, with examples, typical data entries which might be used in Specifications for the main types of design components (piping components, structural components and insulation).
13.1
Selectors and Pointers for Piping Components
13.1.1
Applicability The headings in this section may apply to components from the following list of GTYPEs: ATTAchment NOZZle Bend
OLEts
Bolt
PCLamp
CAP
PCOmp
CLOsure
REDucer
COUpling
ROD
CROSs
SCLamp
DUCting
SHU
Elbow
TEE
FBLind
TUBe
FILter
TRAP
FLAnge
UNIon
FLG
VALve
FTUbe
VENt
GASket
VFWay
HELement
VTWay
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ATTAchment INSTrument
WELD
LJSE (For Insulation, see Pipework Insulation)
13.1.2
Selectors There are very few constraints on the SELEC questions, and the order in which you list them, when defining SPECs for piping components. The following headings should meet most of your requirements: Pbore integer Specifies the bore of p-point integer. For multiway components (such as a Tee), more than one PBORE SELEC may be specified (PBORE1, PBORE2 etc.). PConn integer Specifies the connection type of p-point integer. Note: See P-Point Zero: A Special Case for important information about the use of the special cases PBORE0 and PCONN0 which may be applied to the preceding SELECs. SType Defines the Specific Type of the component; it is effectively a subdivision of a GTYPE. For example, a component of GTYPE VALV may have an STYPE GATE, GLOB, CHEC etc. ANGle Defines the required angle of an ELBO or BEND, when DDANGL has been used in the component pointset (PTSET). The answer to this SELEC question in an SPCOM may be a single value (e.g. 90.0) or a range of values (e.g. 45.0,90.0). RADius Defines the required radius of an ELBO or BEND, when DDRADI has been used in the component pointset (PTSET). May be a single value or a range. TEMperature Defines the operating temperature. PRessure Defines the operating pressure. RATing Defines the pressure rating. SHOP Defines whether the component is intended for shop fabrication (SPCOM answer TRUE or SHOP) or on-site assembly (SPCOM answer FALSE or SITE). In addition to the standard SELEC headings, you may use any word (up to four letters), with or without a numeric qualifier, to define your own questions. For example, if you wished to
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include a range of colour-coded reducers in your Catalogue (perhaps having a base colour and a marker colour to indicate suitability for particular types of use), you might include the questions COL1 and COL2 as SELEC headings in the Specification for TYPE REDU. The SPCOMs containing the answers to these questions will be considered by the selection process if the appropriate option is specified in your design module command; for example
SELECT NEW REDU ... WITH COL1 RED WITH COL2 BLUE If COL1 and/or COL2 are omitted, the default colours (answers) will be used.
13.1.3
P-Point Zero: A Special Case Normally, when the bore or connection type of a p-point is used as a SELEC question, the answer provided will apply to a specific p-point number. For example, PBORE1 will be the component’s arrive bore, PBORE2 will be its in-line leave bore, and so on. However, under some circumstances this need not apply. In such cases you may use the Selectors PBORE0 and/or PCONN0 to represent either the arrive or leave p-point of the component. For example, assume that you wish to select a flange. Normally P1 would represent p-arrive and P2 would represent p-leave, so that the Selector PBORE1 could be matched against the p-leave bore of the preceding component to select a suitable flange. If, however, the flange is reversed (‘flipped’), P2 becomes the p-arrive and so a Specification based on the Selector PBORE1 will not allocate a correct match. If the SELEC is defined as PBORE0, all p-points of the new component will be tested, in numeric order, against the p-leave of the preceding component. Thus, in the case of our flipped flange, if a P1 match cannot be found then P2 will be tested as a second choice. If either P1 or P2 matches the answer given for PBORE0, then a flange will be selected. The same principle applies to the connector type PCONN0. You will find the P-point Zero convention very useful when compiling Specifications. Figure 11:3.: Part of a typical Specification for piping components, for example, illustrates the use of PBORE0 (abbreviated to PBOR0) for four component types.
13.1.4
Reference Pointers and Settings The following reference pointers and settings are applicable to the specification of piping components (see the examples below). Individual Specification Component Pointers These pointers, which are attributes of SPCOM elements, are set individually for each line in a Specification table. Only the CATREF pointer is obligatory; the other pointers may be omitted from the heading when the Specification is created or they may be left as unset (=0) in individual SPCOM lines. CATREF - Catalogue Reference: Points to one particular component in the Catalogue DB which meets all the SELEC requirements specified for an individual SPCOM. A CATREF heading is obligatory for every SPEC table since it is the essential link between the design specification and the choice of a component from the Catalogue. It is important that the component pointed to by the CATREF already exists when the SPCOM is defined, otherwise you will receive the error message ‘Undefined Name’ and the CATREF in the Specification will be shown as =0 (i.e. unset).
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DETAIL - Detail Text: Points to a DTEXT element in the Catalogue DB. This holds any general text which is used to describe the corresponding component in schedules, on isometric drawings, etc. (see Catalogue Database Structure). MATXT - Material Text: Points to an MTEXT element in the Catalogue DB. This holds the text which is used to describe the materials of construction of the corresponding component in schedules, on isometric drawings, etc. (see Component Parts and the ISODRAFT Reference Manual). BLTREF - Bolt Reference: Points to a BLTAB element in the Catalogue DB. This contains details of the bolts needed to connect the corresponding component into a pipeline (see the ISODRAFT Reference Manual). This heading is, of course, applicable only to components which require bolts (flanges etc.). CMPREF - Component Reference: Points to a CMPT element in the Properties DB (see Properties Constructor).
•
Overall Specification Pointers These pointers, which are attributes of SPEC elements, are set for an entire Specification. Their settings are shown at the beginning of the Specification, immediately after the name, and always appear, even if they remain unset. MATREF - Material Reference: Points to a SOLID element in the Properties DB. This holds information about the properties of the materials of construction of the piping components (see Properties Constructor). FLUREF - Fluid Reference: Points to a FLUID element in the Properties DB. This holds information about the properties of the liquids or gases for use with which the piping components are suitable (see Properties Constructor).
•
Overall Specification Settings These are not pointers to other elements but are local to the Specification itself. Their settings are shown at the beginning of the Specification, immediately after the MATREF and FLUREF pointers, and always appear, having default settings if you have not specified otherwise. These attribute settings are used only by ISODRAFT and are relevant only when fixed length piping is being used. You are referred to the section entitled ‘Fixed Length Piping’ in the ISODRAFT Reference Manual for fuller details. RATING - Pipeline Pressure Rating: May be set to the maximum pressure at which the components covered by the Specification are intended for service. ISODRAFT can then use this setting to determine those points in a composite pipeline at which the pressure rating changes. The default setting is zero. LINETYPE - Fixed Length Piping Line Type: May be set to either of the identifiers
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FP - Fixed Pipe FX - Fixed Length ISODRAFT uses this setting to decide whether or not to append the length of a component to its item code in a material list. The length is appended if linetype is set to FP, but is assumed to be incorporated into the standard code if linetype is set to FX. The default setting is NUL (i.e. variable length piping between components is assumed).
13.1.5
Examples From Piping Component Specifications To keep the examples brief, very few lines (SPCOMs) are shown for each GTYPE. NEW SPECIFICATION /RF300 MATREF =0 FLUREF =0 RATING 0.000 LINETYPE NUL HEADING TYPE NAME PBOR0 SHOP CATREF DETAIL MATXT CMPREF BLTREF = TUBE */20TU 20.0 TRUE /TUEE /DTUB1 /MTUB =0 =0 TUBE */25TU 25.0 TRUE /TUFF /DTUB1 /MTUB =0 =0 ... HEADING TYPE NAME PBOR0 STYP SHOP CATREF DETAIL MATXT CMPREF BLTREF PE = FTUB */20FT 20.0 PE TRUE /FTEE /DFTUB /MFTUB =0 =0 FTUB */25FT 25.0 PE TRUE /FTFF /DFTUB /MFTUB =0 =0 ... HEADING TYPE NAME PBOR0 RADI ANGL SHOP CATREF DETAIL MATXT CMPREF BLTREF = = BEND */20VB1 20.0 100.0 90.0 TRUE /VBEE /DVBEND1 /MVBEND =0 =0 BEND */20VB3 20.0 100.0 180.0 TRUE /BEEE /DBEND1 /MVBEND =0 =0 BEND */20VB2 20.0 60.0 90.0 TRUE /VBEE /DVBEND2 /MVBEND =0 =0 BEND */20VB4 20.0 60.0 180.0 TRUE /BEEE /DBEND2 /MVBEND =0 =0 BEND */25VB1 25.0 125.0 90.0 TRUE /VBFF /DVBEND1 /MVBEND =0 =0 ... HEADING TYPE NAME PBOR0 CATREF DETAIL MATXT CMPREF BLTREF GASK */20G 20.0 /GAEE /DGASK /MGASK =0 =0 GASK */25G 25.0 /GAFF /DGASK /MGASK =0 =0 ... HEADING TYPE NAME PBOR1 PBOR2 STYPE SHOP CATREF DETAIL MATXT CMPREF BLTREF CONC = REDU */25RC1 25.0 20.0 CONC TRUE /RCFE /DRED.C /MRED =0 =0 REDU */25RE1 25.0 20.0 ECC TRUE /REFE /DRED.E /MRED =0 =0 REDU */32RC1 32.0 25.0 CONC TRUE /RCGF /DRED.C /MRED =0 =0 REDU */32RE1 32.0 25.0 ECC TRUE /REGF /DRED.E /MRED =0 =0
... and so on. (See Figure 11:3.: Part of a typical Specification for piping components for some other examples.)
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13.2
Selectors and Pointers for Structural Components
13.2.1
Applicability The headings within this section may apply to components from the following list of GTYPEs: BASE BEAM BRACe COLUmn FITTing GANTry GIRDer JOINt JOISt KNEE PILE PROFile PURLin RIDGe ROD SCTN SDRAil SPLIce STANchion STIFfener STRUt TIE
13.2.2
Selectors The following SELEC questions are those which you are likely to use when defining SPECs for structural components: SType Defines the Specific Type of the component; particularly applicable to the general generic types PROF, JOIN and FITT. Examples of STYPE answers which might be applied to structural components to cover European, American and British standards include: STYPE
Meaning
C
Channel section or American standard C–shapes (tapered flanges)
CHS
Circular hollow section
CRSJ
Castellated rolled steel joists
CUB
Castellated universal beams
CUC
Castellated universal columns
CZB
Castellated Z–beams
EAI
Imperial equal angles
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STYPE
Meaning
EAM
Metric equal angles
HD
European columns (wide flanges)
HE
European beams (wide flanges)
HL/HX
European beams (very wide flanges)
HP
Bearing piles (wide flanges)
IPE
European beams (parallel faced flanges)
IPN
European standard beams (tapered flanges)
LST
Long stalk tee–bars
M/W
American I–shapes (wide flanges)
RHS
Rectangular hollow section
RSJ
Rolled steel joists
S
American standard I–shapes (tapered flanges)
T
Tee bars
TUB
Tees cut from universal beams
TUC
Tees cut from universal columns
U
European small channels
UB
Universal beams
UBP
Universal bearing piles
UC
Universal columns
UEAI
Imperial unequal angles
UEAM
Metric unequal angles
UPN
European standard channels
PLAT
Plate girders
DEPth The depth (height) of a structural section; e.g. 100 mm. WIDth The width of a structural section; e.g. 100 mm. WEIGht The weight per unit length; e.g. 100 kg/m. DIMEnsion integer: Any dimension. The qualifying integer is optional; suggested conventions are: DIME1 Depth or long leg DIME2 Width or short leg
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CTYPE integer A connection type. The qualifying integer is optional; suggested conventions are: CTYPE1 Start connection CTYPE2 End connection CTYPE3 Attached connection CTYPE4 Owning connection with the possible answers RIVET, BOLT, WELD, GLUE etc. CTYStart Start connection (equivalent to CTYPE1). CTYEnd End connection (equivalent to CTYPE2). CTYAttached Attached connection (equivalent to CTYPE3). CTYOwning Owning connection (equivalent to CTYPE4). INERtia integer Moment of inertia about a specified axis; e.g. 280 cm$. (It is usually convenient to use cm rather than mm here to avoid having to list large values.) The qualifying integer is optional; suggested conventions are: INER1 Inertia about x-x INER2 Inertia about y-y INER3 Inertia about u-u INER4 Inertia about v-v THICkness integer Plate thickness within a section; e.g. 10 mm. The qualifying integer is optional; suggested conventions are: THIC1 Web thickness THIC2 Flange thickness
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FIXty Joint fixity; e.g. FIXED, PINNED, PLASTIC, HINGED, RIGID etc. GRADe Material grade for fire-resistant insulation; e.g. 43. (See Structural Insulation.) FIREsistance Degree of fire resistance for insulation; e.g. 2 hr. (See Structural Insulation.) ITHIckness Insulation thickness; e.g. 50 mm. (See Structural Insulation.) AREA Area of a section; e.g. 100 cm². As for piping component specifications, you may also use any word, with or without a numeric qualifier, to define your own questions. See Selectors.
13.2.3
Reference Pointers and Settings The pointers and attribute settings which you may specify for structural component specifications are the same as those defined in Reference Pointers and Settings for piping components, although the relative importance of the references will differ (for example, FLUREF, RATING and LINETYPE are unlikely to be relevant). As for piping components, only the CATREF pointer is obligatory.
13.2.4
Examples From Structural Component Specifications The following excerpt from a Specification for structural steelwork components illustrates some of the features defined in the preceding sections: Note: The Reference Pointers DETAIL, MATXT, CMPREF and BLTREF have been omitted to save space. Although these are available to give consistency with Piping Specifications, you are unlikely to use these for structural components (BLTREF, in particular, would have no meaning for a structural component). No defaults have been set in this example. NEW SPECIFICATION /BS4.PT1 MATREF =0 FLUREF =0 RATING 0.000 LINETYPE NUL TEXT ’Middlesbrough Mills’ HEADING TYPE NAME STYP GRADE WIDTH DEPTH WEIGHT INERTIA CATREF BEAM */UB1 UB 43 465 153 82 32435 /457X152X82UB + */UB2 + 50 465 153 82 32435 /457X152X82UB + */UB3 + 43 310 125 48 9504 /305X127X48UB ... HEADING TYPE NAME STYP GRADE DEPTH WIDTH WEIGHT INERTIA CATREF BRAC */UEA1 UEAM 43 200 150 47 2376 /200X150X18L + */UEA2 + 50 200 150 47 2376 /200X150X18L + */UEA3 + 43 125 75 18 354 /125X75X12L ... HEADING TYPE NAME STYP WIDTH DEPTH WEIGHT INER1 INER2 CATREF PROF */BS.C1 C 102.0 432.0 65.5 21399.0 628.6 /432X102X65KG.C + */BS.C2 + 102.0 381.0 55.1 14894.0 579.8 /381X102X55KG.C
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Selectors and Pointers for Insulation The information given in this section applies specifically to the generic type INSulation.
13.3.1
Pipework Insulation You do not select and store Insulation in the same way that you select piping components from other modules. The Insulation Specification is interrogated automatically by modules such as DESIGN each time insulation details are required. When setting up an Insulation Specification you must follow a strict format if this automatic selection is to work properly. For any specific insulation material, the correct insulation thickness for a given pipework application is usually derived from two Selector questions: Note: Although usually derived from two Selector questions this is optional. Refer to Sample Insulation Specification. TEMPerature: The working temperature; usually specified as a temperature range (e.g. 101,200) PBOR0: The nominal diameter of the component; usually specified as a range of bore sizes (e.g 1, 2½ using inch bores or 25,70 using metric bores) These might be related to the available thicknesses in the following way: Temperature Range
Bore Range
Insulation Thicknes
101 - 200
1 - 2½
1
101 - 200
3-8
1½
201 - 400
1 - 2½
2
201 - 400
3-8
3
0 - 100
1-8
1
where the bores and insulation thickness are defined in inches. It is assumed in this example that the minimum insulation thickness which can be handled conveniently is 1 inch and so this has been applied to all pipe sizes in the low temperature range (0 to 100 degrees).
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This data would result in an Insulation Specification of the following form: NEW SPEC /INSPEC HEADING TYPE NAME TEMP INSU */IN1 0,100 INSU */IN2 101,200 INSU */IN3 101,200 INSU */IN4 201,400 INSU */IN5 201,400
Note: Because of possible ambiguity due to the overlapping ranges of PBOR0, the order in which the SELEC headings are tabulated is important. For the successful selection of Insulation the TEMP question must be tabulated before the PBOR0 question. Sample Insulation Specification The following example shows an Insulation Specification not using Temperature as a selector: $S- -- Synonym translation OFF -- ------------------------------------------------ Data Listing Date : 27 Jan 2010 10:20 ONERROR GOLABEL /ERROR0 -- Navigate to existing location /E NEW SPWL /AvevaPipeISPECS -- * NEW SPECIFICATION /20mm_FibreGlass Matref /FIBERGLASS-INSULATION PURP INSU DESCR 'Aveva Pipe 20mm insulation' LNTP unset QUES TYPE TDEF 'NONE' NEW TEXT DESCR 'Aveva Pipe 20mm insulation' STEX 'INSUL' NEW SELEC QUES PBOR TANS 'INSU' TDEF 'NONE' NEW SPCOMPONENT MAXA 100000 CATR SCOMPONENT /INS20 -- * NEW SPECIFICATION /25mm_FibreGlass Matref /FIBERGLASS-INSULATION PURP INSU DESCR 'Aveva Pipe 25mm insulation' LNTP unset QUES TYPE TDEF 'NONE' NEW TEXT DESCR 'Aveva Pipe 25mm insulation' STEX 'INSUL'
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NEW SELEC QUES PBOR TANS 'INSU' TDEF 'NONE' NEW SPCOMPONENT MAXA 100000 CATR SCOMPONENT /INS25 etc
13.3.2
Structural Insulation Insulation for Sections, Joints and Fittings may be selected from an Insulation Specification by using the selection criteria Grade, Fire Resistance and Insulation Thickness derived from the current component. An extract from a typical Insulation Specification for use in structural design might be as follows: NEW SPECIFICATION /BS4.PT1.INSUL HEADING TYPE NAME GRADE FIRE ITHI DEFAULTS 43 INSU */IN1 43 1,2 20 + */IN2 40 1,2 40 + */IN3 43 2,4 20 + */IN4 50 2,4 40 + */IN5 43 4,10 20 + */IN6 50 4,10 40
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CATREF /IN25 /IN50 /IN50 /IN75 /IN75 /IN100
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SPECONMODE Command Syntax Diagrams This section contains the legal command and interrogation syntax diagrams relevant to SPECON. These diagrams formalise the precise command sequences which may be used and are intended to supplement the explanations given in the appropriate sections of this manual.
14.1
Syntax Diagrams The diagrams are listed approximately in the order in which they are described in this manual.
Other PDMS Command Syntax Common commands which may be legally used from within SPECON, but which are not directly related to this module, include the following: Function(s)
Syntax Diagram Name
Actions setting (i.e. ACTIONS command)
Element identification and database navigation
and its subsidiary syntax
Device control
Date and time (real & elapsed)
and
Querying specific options: Actions
Reading banner
Buffers
Input/output device
Input/output counters
Project details
Defining the current (default) units of measurement
Attribute type references
Module selection
Giving system commands
Defining logical expressions etc.
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15
SPECONMODE Error Messages The following is a list of those error messages specific to SPECON. All such error messages have a message number beginning with 17. Any other messages that may be output are not described here as they are not specific to SPECON. Note: Since some other modules access the Specifications directly during their normal functioning (for example, to select insulation data) you may receive SPECON error messages while working in those modules. (17:2)
Cannot access ID
The element specified does not appear to exist in this DB. Check that you have entered the identifier correctly. (17:3)
Cannot access SPECIFICATION
Check that you have entered the identifier for the SPEC correctly. (17:4)
Cannot create SPCOM or SELEC
You can only add a new SPCOM line or SELEC question after you have created a new SPEC or have accessed an existing SPEC (see Creating a Specification to Entering Tabular Data). (17:5)
Cannot create SPECIFICATION
You can only create a new SPEC as a member of a Specification World (SPWLD) element in a CATALOGUE DB. Check your current position in the hierarchy. (See Structure of the Catalogue Database and Content and Format of a Specification.) An accompanying message should give a fuller explanation. (17:6)
CATREF already used in heading
You have specified two CATREF pointers in a heading line. The second entry will be ignored, but should preferably be deleted. (17:7)
Answers select previously defined spcom
The combination of answers listed for this SPCOM line leads to an SPCOM which has already been defined. The second SPCOM line will, therefore, never be reached during the selection process. (17:9)
DB unsuitable for SPEC
You can only create a new SPEC as a member of a Specification World (SPWLD) element in a CATALOGUE DB (see Structure of the Catalogue Database and Content and Format of a Specification).
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual SPECONMODE Error Messages
(17:10)
DITTO IN FIRST LINE
The ditto symbol (+) means ‘repeat the corresponding entry in the preceding line’ and is therefore only valid in the second or subsequent lines of the table. (17:11)
No SPECIFICATION defined
You must have created a new SPEC or accessed an existing SPEC before you can add to, modify, or output any tabulated Specification data (see Manipulating the Catalogue Database using SPECONMODE). (17:12)
ID name/refno does not correspond to column heading
An element identifier in an SPCOM line must correspond to a relevant Reference Pointer in the heading line. It cannot be given as an answer under a SELEC question in the heading (see How Component Selection Works). (17:13)
ID is not a SPEC
The identifier given in an OUTPUT command must refer to an accessible SPEC (see Outputting a Specification). Check that you have entered the identifier correctly. (17:14)
Too many headings for output
You cannot output more than 20 headings in a table. (17:15)
More answers than questions - extra answers ignored
You have more entries in an SPCOM answer line than you have corresponding entries in the heading line. Check for unintentional spaces. (17:16)
More defaults than questions - extra defaults ignored
You have more entries in the defaults line than you have corresponding entries in the heading line. (17:17)
More than 20 HEADINGS
The maximum number of entries permitted in a heading line is 20. (17:18)
DETAIL already used in heading
You have specified two DETAIL pointers in a heading line. The line will be ignored. (17:19)
Name already defined. Name/refno will remain unnamed.
The NAME specified for this SPCOM has already been used and so this second SPCOM line will have only its PDMS refno as its identifier. Redefine this line with a new NAME if required. (17:20)
No. of QUESTIONS and ANSWERS do not match up
If the answers in a given SPCOM line do not correspond in a relevant way with the SELEC questions in the heading then that SPCOM will be ignored. (See the Note in Selector Answers for one possible cause of this problem.) (17:22)
Reserve name /*LIMBOSPEC has been used - object with this name has been unnamed
The Specification /*LIMBOSPEC is reserved for holding REMOVED SPCOMs (see Deleting or Removing a SPEC or SPCOM). You cannot use it for any other purpose.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual SPECONMODE Error Messages
(17:23)
SPCOM does not exist
Check that you have entered the SPCOM identifier correctly when modifying an existing Specification. (17:24)
SPEC does not exist
Check that you have entered the SPEC identifier correctly. (17:26)
This command only allowed in SPEC
You can only use a DELETE or REMOVE command after you have accessed an appropriate SPEC (see Accessing an Existing Specification and Deleting or Removing a SPEC or SPCOM), otherwise SPECON does not know which Specification you are telling it to modify. (17:28)
TYPE required as first answer
When adding a new SPCOM you must enter its TYPE (a PDMS noun) before its NAME. You may only use the reverse order when referring to an existing SPCOM (see Entering Tabular Data). (17:29)
Unable to create TEXT element
You can only specify one string of descriptive text for each SPEC. (17:30)
Unable to put CATREF
You are unable to set this Reference Pointer to the element specified. Possibly you have specified it incorrectly. (17:33)
Undefined name
Check that you have entered the required identifier correctly. (17:34)
SPEC or an offspring is locked.
The SPEC is protected against modification. Use the UNLOCK command before trying to use any of the SPECON editing facilities. (17:35)
SPEC is not empty
When using the COPY command, the SPEC into which the copy is transferred (name1 in Copying a Specification) must be empty. You cannot concatenate SPECs with the COPY command. (17:36)
ID must be SPCOM
The REMOVE command can only be used to remove SPCOMs. You cannot remove an entire SPEC, although you may use the REMOVE ALL option to empty it of its contents (see Deleting or Removing a SPEC or SPCOM). (17:38)
No databases to work from
(17:39)
No SPEC database
The specified MDB does not contain an appropriate CATALOGUE DB in which SPECON can create SPECs.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual SPECONMODE Error Messages
(17:40)
TEXT longer than 50 characters
The text associated with a SPEC cannot exceed 50 characters in length (see Creating a Specification). (17:41)
Unable to put CMPREF
You are unable to set this Reference Pointer to the element specified. Possibly you have specified it incorrectly. (17:42)
Unable to put DETAIL
You are unable to set this Reference Pointer to the element specified. Possibly you have specified it incorrectly. (17:43)
Unable to put MATXT
You are unable to set this Reference Pointer to the element specified. Possibly you have specified it incorrectly. (17:44)
Unable to put BLTREF
You are unable to set this Reference Pointer to the element specified. Possibly you have specified it incorrectly. (17:45)
You may not delete /*LIMBOSPEC
The SPEC named /*LIMBOSPEC, used to hold removed SPCOMs, is created automatically by PDMS and cannot be deleted, otherwise future REMOVE commands would not work (see Deleting or Removing a SPEC or SPCOM). (17:46)
You cannot REMOVE SPEC - use REMOVE ALL
The REMOVE command applies only to the contents of a SPEC. Use REMOVE ALL to empty the SPEC of all contents or DELETE SPEC specname to eliminate the complete SPEC. (See Deleting or Removing a SPEC or SPCOM.) (17:47)
You cannot REMOVE items from /*LIMBOSPEC
The REMOVE command can only transfer SPCOMs to /*LIMBOSPEC. Only by re-entering an SPCOM under its existing name can it be transferred back from /*LIMBOSPEC into a user-defined SPEC. (See Deleting or Removing a SPEC or SPCOM.) (17:48)
MATXT already used in heading
You have specified two MATXT pointers in a heading line. The second entry will be ignored, but should preferably be deleted. (17:49)
CMPREF already used in heading
You have specified two CMPREF pointers in a heading line. The second entry will be ignored, but should preferably be deleted. (17:50)
BLTREF already used in heading
You have specified two BLTREF pointers in a heading line. The second entry will be ignored, but should preferably be deleted. (17:51)
SPCON NAME name already exists
You must use a unique name for each SPCON. The new SPCON will be rejected.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual SPECONMODE Error Messages
(17:52)
word is not valid as a GTYPE
See Applicability for examples of valid GTYPEs. (17:53)
TMPR already used in heading
You have specified two TMPR pointers in a heading line. The second entry will be ignored, but should preferably be deleted. (17:54)
Unable to put TMPR
You are unable to set this Reference Pointer to the element specified. Possibly you have specified it incorrectly.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual SPECONMODE Error Messages
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Nominal Pipe Size Tables
16
Nominal Pipe Size Tables As explained in Outputting Parts of Specifications, PDMS holds tables of nominal pipe sizes which it uses in preference to actual sizes if an actual and a nominal size fall within a predefined tolerance band. These tables comprise the following diameters: Metric Units (mm)
Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Nominal Pipe Size Tables
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Properties Constructor
17
Properties Constructor The PROPCON (PROPerties CONstructor) is used to input and edit data within the Properties database (DB). PROPCON commands are input directly into the PARAGON command line. Properties data is used to hold properties of components and materials which may be needed for stress analysis or safety auditing of all or part of a design. PROPCON also includes data such as the material densities needed by the DESIGN structural applications for calculating weights and centres of gravity of steelwork items. The Properties DB hierarchy is as follows:
Figure 17:1. Properties Database Hierarchy
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Properties Constructor
17.1
Setting Up a Properties Database A Properties database (DB) is created in the ADMIN module in the same way as a Design or Catalogue DB. The DB will be assigned, typically, to the team responsible for pipe stressing. The syntax for creating a Properties DB is:
>-- CReate -- DB -- teamname/dbname -- PROP --> Before the Properties DB can be used, it must be added to a multiple database (MDB).
17.2
Description Full details of the Properties database structure and of the elements held within it, refer to the Data Model Reference Manual. The types of data stored may be grouped into the following categories:
17.2.1
Design Layout Data For a full description of Design layout data refer to the DESIGN Reference Manual.
17.2.2
Material Property Data This consists of expansion coefficients, Young’s modulus of elasticity etc., for each material. This includes the actual pipe material, such as steel, and the fluid, such as water, which the pipe contains.
17.2.3
Case Data Case data consists of the particular values of temperature and pressure that can be applied to a pipe at any one time. A pipe may have several ‘cases’ if the temperature and/or pressure parameters vary.
17.2.4
Component Data The Catalogue does not give extensive information on components, only size attributes. The Properties DB component data element can be referenced from individual specification components and consists of physical data, such as weight, flexibility factors, wall thickness, etc.
17.2.5
Constraint Data This constraint data is split between the Properties DB and the Design DB. In the Design DB, an attachment point is created having a reference attribute which points to a constraint in the Properties DB. This constraint has data referring to forces, moments etc.
17.2.6
Run Data This is the information needed to carry out a ‘run’ that is not held elsewhere in PDMS and could consist of a header card, for instance, which would contain a person’s name and the type of analysis to be performed. This run data will depend on the type of stressing package interfaced to the Properties DB.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Properties Constructor
17.3
Material Property Data
17.3.1
Hierarchy Description The Material World (MATW) comes below World in the Properties hierarchy. It is purely an administrative element that groups material data together. Below MATW are two elements: SOLI and FLUI. The material properties are subdivided such that SOLI holds data for the pipe itself and FLUI holds data for the fluid within the pipe.
17.3.2
Material Properties The pipework material properties associated with flexibility and stress analysis are as follows:
POISSON’S RATIO COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION YOUNG’S MODULUS ALLOWABLE STRESS DENSITY There can also be three general properties known as A, B and C properties. These are used to store any additional properties that may be needed. Each of these may be a function of temperature and/or pressure. To enable the properties to be stored against temperature and pressure values, the data is stored in a tabular format which incorporates a ‘table’ element for each type of property: TYOU (table of Young’s modulus values), TSTR (table of allowable stresses), etc. Below these are ‘spot’ elements, SYOU, SSTR etc. The ‘spot’ elements have attributes PRES and TEMP where values of pressure and temperature may be input. Each element also has an attribute to allow the input of the corresponding value of its own property; for example, SYOU has an attribute YOUN where a value of Young’s modulus may be stored, SAPR has an attribute APRO where a value of APROPERTY may be stored, and so on. At different temperatures and pressures, the value of Young’s modulus may vary, and so more spot Young’s modulus elements (SYOUs) may be created with different temperature, pressure and Young’s modulus values. Thus the attributes settings for a specific SYOU might be:
SYOU
(Spot Young’s modulus)
TEMP
20
(Temperature)
PRES
101EX+3
(Pressure)
YOUN
210EX+9
(Young’s modulus value; see Exponential Numbers for a description of the exponential format of numbers)
TYPE
NAME LOCK OWNE
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Properties Constructor
The table that these spot properties create can then be used by a suitable stressing package. The table effectively forms a graph with the spot property, temperature and pressure. From this table, therefore, the stressing package can interpolate other values it may need. The PDMS unit for TEMP is degrees centigrade and for PRES and YOUN is N/m². Therefore, this material at a temperature of 20 degrees centigrade and a pressure of 101 kN/m² would have a value for Young’s modulus (E) of 210 GN/m². For a change of units, see Use of Groups. Note: FLUI does not have the elements relating to allowable stress, nor Poisson's ratio, i.e. TSTR, TPOI, SSTR and SPOI. The elements SOLI and FLUI have an attribute DESC (Description) which is a 120character text string. The table elements (TPOI, TEXP etc) have an attribute PQUA (Property Qualifier) which is some qualification under which the property applies. There is provision for 4 characters. The table elements also have an attribute SREF (Source Reference). This may be the name of a book from where the spot values were obtained and is a 12-character text string. The elements TAPR, TBPR and TCPR also have an attribute PNAM (Property Name) which is a 12-character text string. At the same level as the table elements is an element TEXT which has an attribute STEX which is a 50-character text string.
17.3.3
Pointers from the Design DB and Specification The Specification Component (SPCOM) has attributes MATR and FLUR. These are material reference and fluid reference, which point to the pipe material (SOLI) and the fluid within the pipe (FLUI), respectively. In the Design DB, Pipes and Branches also have these attributes MATR and FLUR. If these are set, the references from the Specification Component are ignored, but if they are unset, the references from the Specification Component are used.
17.4
Case Data
17.4.1
Hierarchy Description The Case World (CASWL) is a member of World in the Properties hierarchy and is an administrative element used to keep all Case data together. Below CASWL come two elements, Case (CASE) and Case Type (CAST). CASE may be directly below CASWL or may come under CAST. CAST is an administrative element to further group cases if there are several of them and they can be split into case types. A Case has of a number of attributes which describe different conditions to which a pipe is subjected. For every ‘run’ of a pipe there may be a number of ‘cases’.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Properties Constructor
CASE has the following attributes:
TYPE
CASE
NAME LOCK OWNE WEFA
(weight factor)
WPRE
(wind pressure)
WIFA
(wind factor)
IPRE
(internal pressure)
RPRE
(reference pressure)
PTEM
(pipe temperature)
RTEM
(reference temperature)
TGRA
(temperature gradient)
SHOC
(shock load vector)
APPL
(application)
The attributes WEFA, WPRE, WIFA, IPRE, RPRE, PTEM, RTEM and TGRA are all real numbers; SHOC is a 3-element real array; APPL is a 20-character text string.
17.4.2
Pointer from the Design DB The elements Pipe and Branch in the Design DB have an attribute Case Reference (CASR) which points to a Group of Cases applicable for that pipe in the Properties DB. The use of Groups for Cases is described in Use of Groups.
17.5
Component Data
17.5.1
Hierarchy Description The Component World (CMPWL) is a member of World in the Properties hierarchy. It is an administrative element to keep component data together. Below CMPWL there is Component Type (CMPT), which is also a purely administrative element. Under CMPT can be found Component Data (CMPD) and Tube Data (TUBD). Insufficient data is held in the Catalogue and Design DBs about components for a stressing ‘run’ to take place. Therefore further data can be stored as attributes of CMPD or TUBD.
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CMPD has the following attributes:
TYPE
CMPD
NAME LOCK OWNE OUTD
(outside diameter)
ACBO
(actual bore)
BTOL
(bore tolerance)
WTOL
(weight tolerance)
CWEI
(component weight)
CIWE
(component insulation weight)
WDIA
(wind diameter)
SHAP
(shape factor)
RINE
(rotational inertia vector)
SIF
(stress intensification factor)
PRFC
(pressure factor)
SDTH
(saddle thickness)
CORA
(corrosion allowance)
EFAC
(Young’s modulus factor)
BFLE
(bend flexibility)
DFFL
(displacement force flexibility)
DMFL
(displacement moment flexibility)
RMFL
(rotational moment flexibility)
MRKR
(component marker)
The element TUBD has the same attributes, except that it does not have DFFL, DMFL or RMFL and, instead of having CWEI and CIWE, it has UWEI, which is weight per unit length (unit weight), and UIWE, which is weight per unit insulation. The attributes OUTD, ACBO, BTOL, WTOL, CWEI, CIWE, WDIA, SHAP, PRFC, CORA, EFAC, PWAS, BFLE and MRKR are real numbers; RINE, SIF and SDTH are 3-element real arrays; DFFL, DMFL and RMFL are six- and nine-figure flexibility matrices. To enable Weight and Centre of Gravity calculations to be performed in all disciplines, the CWEI and UWEI attributes have been updated to use parameterised properties, i.e. they can be set using standard expression syntax such as:
(weight (ATTRIB PARA[2] + ATTRIB PARA[3]) Existing syntax is still valid, for example:
UWEI 2.5
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The rest of the real number attributes (other than MRKR) have also been parameterised.
17.5.2
Querying Calculated Results The pseudo-attribute PROPRE is provided to allow the querying of the calculated result of a property attribute. This is a valid attribute at the design element which indirectly references the property component such as a pipe or branch. This attribute has a qualifier, which is the property attribute to be evaluated, for example:
Q PROPRE OUTD
17.5.3
Pointer from the Specification The Specification Component (SPCOM) has a reference to the Component Data or Tube Data relevant to that particular component. This reference is called CMPR (Component Reference).
17.6
Constraints Data
17.6.1
Hierarchy Description The Constraint World (CONW) is a member of World. It owns Constraint Type (CONT), which is an administrative element that groups constraint data into types. Below CONT is Constraint (CONS). This element has attributes that store particular conditions to which a constraint may be subjected. CONS owns the Case Table element (TCAS). This is a reference to a particular case for which the constraint data is applicable. One constraint may own more than one TCAS. This could mean that the attribute of constraint is valid for more than one case (for different temperatures and pressures etc.). If there is no TCAS, then this could mean that the attributes of CONS are valid for any particular case. CONS has the following attributes:
TYPE
CONS
NAME LOCK OWNER APPL
(application)
FORC
(applied force (load))
MOME
(applied moment)
DISP
(applied displacement)
ROTA
(applied rotation)
DLIM
(displacement limits)
RLIM
(rotation limits)
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Properties Constructor
The attribute APPL (application) is a 20-character text string; FORC, MOME, DISP, ROTA, FLIM, MLIM, DFLF, RFLF, FCOE, CPUL and CPUT are 3-element real arrays; DLIM and RLIM are 6-element real arrays. The element CONT has an attribute RTYP (Restraint Type) which is a 12-character text string. The element TCAS (Case Table element) has an attribute CASR (Case Reference) which references a case applicable for that constraint.
17.6.2
Pointer from the Design DB In the Design DB, Pipe has a legal member called ATTA (Attachment Point). This element has an attribute CSTR (Constraint Reference) which points to a constraint in the Properties DB, and therefore to all its attributes and conditions.
17.7
Run Data
17.7.1
Hierarchy Description The Run World (RUNW) is a member of World and owns the element RUN. RUN is a text element with an attribute DATE, which is a 9-character text string, and UNAME (User Name), which is a 12-character text string. RUN owns Card (CARD) which has attributes Card Type (CATY) and Card Text (CTXT), which is a 120-character text string. These text attributes are used to store information necessary to run a specific stress analysis package, e.g. a header card containing a person’s name, type of analysis to be performed, etc.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Use of Groups
18
Use of Groups Groups are used in PROPCON to group Cases together. This is done to save space and time spent creating Cases. Several Cases with the same attributes may be reproduced in different Case Types if groups are not used. The syntax for adding or removing cases from a group is:
>---+--- ADD ------. .-----------. | | / | ‘--- REMOVE ---+--- ---*--- ---’ | ‘-----> Note: Do not delete cases from a group or you will delete them from the Properties database. Use the REMOVE syntax The element Group has an attribute FUNC (Function) which is a 12-character text string.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Use of Groups
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Exponential Numbers
19
Exponential Numbers Exponential numbers may be input into PROPCON with the following syntax: >--- attribute --- value --- EXponential --- exponent_value --->
For example:
YOUN 210 EX 9 means that the value of Young’s modulus input is 210 x 109. Values may be input non-exponentially subject to a maximum number of 11 digits. Use of the EX command allows larger numbers to be input, depending on the particular machine used. Negative exponential numbers may be input, if required, by using a minus sign. The default is positive. PROPCON will output numbers in exponential format if the number is large enough or small enough.
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual Exponential Numbers
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Catalogues and Specifications Reference Manual PROPCON Command Syntax Diagrams
20
PROPCON Command Syntax Diagrams This section contains the legal command and interrogation syntax diagrams relevant to PROPCON. These diagrams formalise the precise command sequences which may be used and are intended to supplement the explanations given in the appropriate sections of this manual.
-------- word ---. | DESCription --- text ---| | SREFerence ---- text ---| | PNAMe --------- text ---| | APPLication --- text ---| | RTYPe --------- text ---| | UNAMe --------- text ---| | STEXt --------- text ---| | FUNCtion ------ text ---| | DATe ---------- text ---| | CTXT ---------- text ----+--->
