CEN TS 14972

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ! A K I N S I R O K J O R B I N E D E V 3 A 1 N 0 2 A n Z u A j . 4 K ; R D E A M I R R G P O G E O B N 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1 1 G T O U N P D O E T J U O A P , E D J A N R A G P O M E A T B Š O I E O D A I N K , O I A C K A I N Z I S I N R A O G K R 0 O 1 S A A Z G I Ž A J I E B R R M S P A J N E J N E C Š I R O K O N E J L O V Z O D

CEN/TS 14972

SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION

June 2011

ICS 13.220.20

Supersedes CEN/TS 14972:2008

English Version

Fixed firefighting systems - Watermist systems - Design and installation Installations fixes de lutte contre l'incendie - Systèmes à brouillard d'eau - Conception et installation

Ortsfeste Brandbekämpfungsanlagen - FeinsprühLöschanlagen - Planung und Einbau

This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 28 September 2010 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Avenue Marnix 17, 17, B-1000 Brussels Brussels

© 2011 CEN

All rights rights of exploitation in any form and by any any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.

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CEN/TS 14972:2011 (E)

! A K I N S I R O K Page Contents J O R B IForeword ....................................................................................................... ..............................................................................................................................................................4 .......................................................4 N E Introduction .................................................................................................................. .........................................................................................................................................................5 .......................................5 D E V 1 Scope .................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................6 ..................................................6 3 A 1 N 0 2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................6 ............................................................................................................................6 2 A n Z u A 3 Terms and definitions definition s ...........................................................................................................................7 ...........................................................................................................................7 j . 4 K ; R 4 Requirements ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 11 D E 4.1 General ....................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................. .......................... 11 A M I R R 4.2 Exclusions .................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ....................... 11 G P 4.3 Local applications............................................................................................................................... 12 O G E O 4.4 Volume protection pro tection ............................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. ................. 12 B N 0 R 4.5 Other considerations .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... ................ 13 7 I 0 P 1 A Activation and control ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ................ 13 1 5 , P 1 5.1 General ............................................. ....................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .......................... 13 1 G 5.2 Electrical activation and control ....................................................................................................... 14 T O U N 5.3 Non-electrical activ ation .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... 16 P D O E T J6 Design and installation ....................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ............... 16 U O P General ....................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................. .......................... 16 A 6.1 , E 6.2 Pipes and fittings .................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ ............................................ 17 J D N A 6.3 Pipe supports .............................................................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................... ........ 17 R A P Hydraulic and pneumatic cir cuits ..................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................... 17 G 6.4 O M 6.5 Non-return valves ............................................................................................................................... 18 E A T6.6 B Drainage ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... ................ 18 Š O I6.7 Pressure gauges/monitoring ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. 18 E O D A 6.8 Electrical Design ............................................................................................................ ................ ................................................................................................................. ..................... 18 I K N ,6.10 Nozzle ........................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ........................... 19 O I A 6.11 Air velocity, openings and ventilation .............................................................................................. 19 C K 6.12 Hydraulic and pneumatic calculations ............................................................................................. ............................................................................................. 19 A I N Z I S Automatic shut-down ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... 20 I6.13 N R 6.14 Enclosure requirements ..................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................. ....................... 20 A O G K R 07 Components ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ 20 O 1 7.1 Nozzles ........................................ ....................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... .......................... 20 S A A Z 7.2 Piping and fittings............................................................................................................................... fittings............................................................................................................................... 21 G I Ž Control valves ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 22 A 7.3 J I E 7.4 Pressure regulating valv es ........................................................................................... ................................................................................................................ ..................... 22 B R R M Shut-off valves .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 22 S 7.5 A 7.6 Check valves v alves ............................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................... ........................................................... 22 P N J 7.7 Safety valves ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... 22 E J 7.8 Strainers ...................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................ ....... 22 N E 7.9 Water supply sup ply components comp onents ................................................................................................................. ....................................................................................................... .......... 23 C Š I R 8 Water supply, including additives..................................................................................................... 23 O 8.1 General ....................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................. .......................... 23 K 8.2 Water qualit y ..................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... .................................. 23 O N 8.3 Additives ....................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. ....... 24 E J 8.4 Duration .......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... ..................... 25 L O 8.5 Continuity ....................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ ..................... 25 V Z8.6 Maximum and minimum water pressure pressur e .......................................................................................... 26 O 8.7 Test devices .................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................ ...................... 26 D

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! A K I N S I R O K Page Contents J O R B IForeword ....................................................................................................... ..............................................................................................................................................................4 .......................................................4 N E Introduction .................................................................................................................. .........................................................................................................................................................5 .......................................5 D E V 1 Scope .................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................6 ..................................................6 3 A 1 N 0 2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................6 ............................................................................................................................6 2 A n Z u A 3 Terms and definitions definition s ...........................................................................................................................7 ...........................................................................................................................7 j . 4 K ; R 4 Requirements ...................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... 11 D E 4.1 General ....................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................. .......................... 11 A M I R R 4.2 Exclusions .................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ....................... 11 G P 4.3 Local applications............................................................................................................................... 12 O G E O 4.4 Volume protection pro tection ............................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. ................. 12 B N 0 R 4.5 Other considerations .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... ................ 13 7 I 0 P 1 A Activation and control ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ................ 13 1 5 , P 1 5.1 General ............................................. ....................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .......................... 13 1 G 5.2 Electrical activation and control ....................................................................................................... 14 T O U N 5.3 Non-electrical activ ation .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... 16 P D O E T J6 Design and installation ....................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ............... 16 U O P General ....................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................. .......................... 16 A 6.1 , E 6.2 Pipes and fittings .................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ ............................................ 17 J D N A 6.3 Pipe supports .............................................................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................... ........ 17 R A P Hydraulic and pneumatic cir cuits ..................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................... 17 G 6.4 O M 6.5 Non-return valves ............................................................................................................................... 18 E A T6.6 B Drainage ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... ................ 18 Š O I6.7 Pressure gauges/monitoring ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. 18 E O D A 6.8 Electrical Design ............................................................................................................ ................ ................................................................................................................. ..................... 18 I K N ,6.10 Nozzle ........................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ........................... 19 O I A 6.11 Air velocity, openings and ventilation .............................................................................................. 19 C K 6.12 Hydraulic and pneumatic calculations ............................................................................................. ............................................................................................. 19 A I N Z I S Automatic shut-down ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... 20 I6.13 N R 6.14 Enclosure requirements ..................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................. ....................... 20 A O G K R 07 Components ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ 20 O 1 7.1 Nozzles ........................................ ....................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................... .......................... 20 S A A Z 7.2 Piping and fittings............................................................................................................................... fittings............................................................................................................................... 21 G I Ž Control valves ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 22 A 7.3 J I E 7.4 Pressure regulating valv es ........................................................................................... ................................................................................................................ ..................... 22 B R R M Shut-off valves .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 22 S 7.5 A 7.6 Check valves v alves ............................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................... ........................................................... 22 P N J 7.7 Safety valves ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... 22 E J 7.8 Strainers ...................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................ ....... 22 N E 7.9 Water supply sup ply components comp onents ................................................................................................................. ....................................................................................................... .......... 23 C Š I R 8 Water supply, including additives..................................................................................................... 23 O 8.1 General ....................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................. .......................... 23 K 8.2 Water qualit y ..................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................... .................................. 23 O N 8.3 Additives ....................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. ....... 24 E J 8.4 Duration .......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................... ..................... 25 L O 8.5 Continuity ....................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ ..................... 25 V Z8.6 Maximum and minimum water pressure pressur e .......................................................................................... 26 O 8.7 Test devices .................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................ ...................... 26 D

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CEN/TS 14972:2011 (E)

! A K I N S I R O K J O R B I N E D E V 3 A 1 N 0 2 A n Z u A j . 4 K ; R D E A M I R R G P O G E O B N 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1 1 G T O U N P D O E T J U O A P , E D J A N R A G P O M E A T B Š O I E O D A I N K , O I A C K A I N Z I S I N R A O G K R 0 O 1 S A A Z G I Ž A J I E B R R M S P A J N E J N E C Š I R O K O N E J L O V Z O D

8.8 8.9

Type of water supply ......................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... .................. 26 Pressurization systems ........................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................... .............. 27

9 9.1 9.2 9.3

Acceptance tests and maintenance .................................................................................................. 30 Acceptance test ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... 30 Commissioning report ........................................................................................................................ 31 Inspection, maintenance and training ............................................................................................... 31

10 10.1 10.2

Documentation ................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................... ................... 32 Documentation for system and type approval ................................................................................. 32 Documentation fo r acceptance of design, installation and commissioning ................................. 32

Annex A.1 A.2 A.3 A.4

A (normative) Test protocols .............................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................ 34 Test protocol for flammable liquids (contro l and suppression systems) ..................................... 34 Fire test protocol p rotocol for cable c able tunnels (cont rol and suppression su ppression systems) ...................................... 37 Fire test protocol for office occupancies of Ordinary Hazard Group 1 ......................................... 42 Test protocol for the firefighting performance in commercial kitchen of type deep fat fryers ................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................52

Annex B (informative) Guidelines for developing representative fire test procedures for watermist systems .................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................ 58 B.1 General .......................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................. ....................................................... 58 B.2 Evaluation of the fire hazard .............................................................................................................. 58 B.3 Evaluation of the compartment conditions ...................................................................................... 59 B.4 Determining the performance objective ...................................................................................... ............................................................................................ ...... 60 B.5 Setting up the fire test procedure pr ocedure ...................................................................................................... 60 B.6 Carrying out the test ........................................................................................................................... 62 B.7 Documentation and interpretation of test results ............................................................................ 62 Annex C (informative) Determination of drop of drop size distribution di stribution ................................................................... 64 C.1 Parameters .................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ......................................................... 64 C.2 Test data ........................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................... ....................................... 64 C.3 Data processing ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... 65 Annex D (informative) Testing of nozzles .................................................................................... ....................................................................................................... ................... 68 Annex E (informative) Function tests for acceptance and maint enance .................................................... 73 E.1 Preliminary function tests .................................................................................................................. 73 E.2 System function operational test .............................................................................................. ....................................................................................................... ......... 73 Annex F (normative) Fire test procedure for certain occupancies Ordinary hazard group OH3 ............. 75 F.1 Object of the test ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. 75 F.2 Fuel packages ........................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ........................... 76 F.3 Determination of acceptance acc eptance criteria ................................................................................................ 79 F.4 Test procedure ............................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ........ 79 F.5 Evaluation of the test results ............................................................................................................. 81 Bibliography ........................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...........................................................82

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CEN/TS 14972:2011 (E)

! A K I N S I R O K Foreword J O R B (CEN/T S 14972:2011) has been prepared by Technical Com mittee CEN/TC 191 “Fixed IThis document (CEN/TS N firefighting systems”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. E D E Attention is drawn to the possibility poss ibility that some of the elements of this document docum ent may m ay be the subject of patent pate nt V 3 A rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. 1 N 0 2 A n Z This document supersedes CEN/TS 14972:2008. u A j . K 4 ; R This Technical Specification (TS) was adopted by CEN for which there is the future possibility of agreement D E on a European Standard, but for which at present: A M I R R G P  the required support for approval as a European Standard cannot be obtained; O G E O B N 0 R whether consensus has been achieved; 7 I  there is doubt on whether 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1  the subject matter is still under technical development. 1 G T O U N This Technical Specification is established with a view to serving, for instance, the purpose of: P D E O J T  publishing aspects of a subject which may support the development and progress of the European U O A P market; , E D J A N R A  giving guidance to the market on or by specifications and related test methods; G P O M E A  providing specifications in experimental circumstances and/or evolving technologies. T B Š O I E O The CEN members are requested to submit their comments and experiences with the use of these D A I requirements and recommendations to the Secretariat of the responsible Technical Committee CEN/TC 191. N K , O I A C K CEN/TC 14972:2008 was reviewed and replaced with this new edition. A I N Z I S I N R According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following A O countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, G K R 0 O 1Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, S A Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, A Z G ISpain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Ž A J I E B R R M S P A J N E J N E C Š I R O K O N E J L O V Z O D

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Introduction The main purpose of this document is to provide information about the minimum requirements on watermist systems. This document describes a series of specific test conditions to set out criteria capable of verifying performance claims of watermist systems, classify and determine the extent of their suitability for intended applications, whilst setting a minimum level of acceptable performance and/or safety. As individual watermist applications ha ve varied requirements and duty, this document is intended to apply to both skidded stand alone and pumped systems. It is the approving authority's responsibility to assess and implement the design manual of specific watermist systems against the tests set out in this document.

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CEN/TS 14972:2011 (E)

! A K I1 Scope N S I R This Technical Specification specifies minimum requirements and gives information on design, installation and O K testing and gives criteria for the acceptance of fixed landbased watermist systems for specific hazards and J provides fire test protocols for a variety of hazard groups. O R B IThe requirements are not valid for watermist systems on ships, in aircraft, on vehicles and mobile fire N Eappliances or for below ground systems in the mining industry. D E V Aspects of watermist associated with explosion protection are beyond the scope of this docum ent. 3 A 1 N 0 2 A The fire tests in this document apply to the applications as described in Annex A. Extrapolation is not covered. n Z u j A . 4 K The document is not a universal design manual for watermist systems, as different systems have different ; R E D characteristics and hence follow different design criteria to satisfy their duty requirements. A M I R R G PIn the absence of a generalized design method, it is the intent of this document that watermist systems are O G full-scale fire tested and its system component evaluations are conducted by qualified testing laboratories. E O B N 0 R 7 IThe full system acceptance requires the relevant fire test report, the component test report(s) as well as 0 P 1 A 1 manufacturer's design, installation, operation and maintenance manual for the application. , P 1 1 G T O If the gas in the system is a significant factor for extinguishment/suppression, the relevant parts of EN 12094 U N D P and EN 15004-1 are applicable. O E T J U O Firefighting systems in accordance with EN 12845 and water spray systems are not covered. A P , E D J A N R A G P2 Normative references O M E A T B ŠThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated O I references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced E O D A I document (including any amendments) applies. N K , O I A EN 54 (all parts), Fire detection and fire alarm systems C K A I N Z I S IEN 12094 (all parts), Fixed firefighting systems ― Components for gas extinguishing systems N R A O G K R 0EN 12259 (all parts), Fixed firefighting systems ― Components for sprinkler and water spray systems O 1 S A EN 12845:2004+A2:2009, Fixed firefighting systems ― Automatic sprinkler systems ― Design, installation A Z G I Žand maintenance A J I E B R EN 13501-1:2007, Fire classification of construction products and building elements ― Part 1: Classification R M S A using test data from reaction to fire tests P N J E J EN 15004-1, Fixed firefighting systems ― Gas extinguishing systems ― Part 1: Design, installation and N Emaintenance (ISO 14520-1:2006, modified) C Š I R ISO 5660-1, Reaction-to-fire tests ― Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate ― Part 1: Heat O K release rate (cone calorimeter method) O N E JISO 6182-11, Fire protection ― Automatic sprinkler systems ― Part 11: Requirements and test methods for L pipe hangers O V Z ISO 6182-12, Fire protection ― Automatic sprinkler systems ― Part 12: Requirements and test methods for O D grooved-end components for steel pipe systems

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3

Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 additive chemical or mixture of chemicals, intentionally introduced into the water mist system NOTE

The additive can have one ore more of the following purposes:



enhancement of, or compliance with, fire protection requirements,



corrosion protection,



frost protection.

3.2 authority having jurisdiction organization, office, or individual responsible for approving equipment, and installation, or a procedure 3.3 automatic nozzle watermist nozzle held closed by an integral thermal release element NOTE

see 3.39.

3.4 cooking grease vegetable shortening incorporating an antifoaming agent NOTE

Only new greases are used for the tests.

3.5 cooking oil cooking oil available in market with flash point value of 230 °C to 280 °C and auto ignition point between 330 °C and 445 °C 3.6 deep fat fryer commercially available cooking appliance in which cooking greases in depth are used NOTE

Requirements are specified in EN 60335-2-37:2002.

3.7 design pressure maximum working pressure expected to be applied to a system component NOTE 1

The design pressure is an important parameter for the determination of the strength of components.

NOTE 2

The systems are defined by the following values:



for low pressure systems: up to 12,5 bar;



for medium pressure systems: higher than 12,5 bar, but below 35 bar;



for high pressure systems: 35 bar and higher.

3.8 discharge duration accumulated time during which fire fighting medium is applied NOTE

The time is given in minutes.

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! 3.9 A K Idischarge time N time interval between the first appearance of extinguishing agent at the nozzle and the time at which the S I discharge becomes predominantly gaseous or ceases R O K JNOTE The discharge time is expressed in seconds. O R B I3.10 N Edomestic occupancy D individual dwelling for occupation as a single family unit or constructed or adapted to be used wholly or E principally for human habitation V 3 A 1 N 0 3.11 2 A n Z dry pipe system u A j . K 4 watermist system using automatic nozzles attached to a piping system containing air, nitrogen, or inert gas ; R under pressure, the release of which (as from an opening of an automatic nozzle) allows the water to flow D E A M I R R NOTE The water flows into the piping system and out through any activated nozzles. G P O G E O 3.12 B N 0 R 7 Ifire control 0 Plimitation of fire growth and prevention of structural damages (by cooling of the objects, adjacent gases and/or 1 A 1 , Pby pre-wetting adjacent combustibles) 1 1 G T O NOTE The heat release rate does not grow. U N P D O E T J3.13 U O A Pfire extinguishment , E D Jcomplete elimination of any flaming or smouldering fire A N R A G P3.14 O M firefighting medium E A T B Šsubstance which causes fire extinguishment, suppression or control O I E O D A Media for use in watermist systems: demi water, potable and sweet industrial water, and water with additives I NOTE K N ,are relevant. O I A The terminology includes the following: C K A I N Z a) water only, i.e. potable water, natural sea water, deionized water; I S I N R b) water with antifreeze; A O G K water with fire extinguishing enhancing additive; R 0c) O 1 d) combination of a),b) and c) with an inert gas or a blend of inert gases used primarily to atomize the water and/or to S A A Z reduce oxygen concentration at the fire (see 3.25). G I Ž A J I E 3.15 B R R M fire suppression S A sharp reduction in the heat release rate and prevention of re-growth of the fire P N J E J NOTE The heat release rate decreases. N E C Š I3.16 R flash-over prevention O K reducing the average temperature inside the protected volume to a temperature where the smoke layer with O combustion products do not ignite N E J L3.17 O V inspection Z most frequent scheduled maintenance procedure O D

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3.18 installation (watermist) part of a watermist system comprising a control valve set, the associated downstream pipes and nozzles 3.19 local application system watermist system designed to protect a particular object or hazard in an enclosed, unenclosed or outdoor condition 3.20 maintenance combination of all technical and administrative actions, including supervision actions, intended to retain an item in, or restore it to, a state in which it can perform a required function

[EN 50126-1:1999] 3.21 manufacturer's design and installation manual document containing design rules for all details of a water mist system based on successful fire tests 3.22 maximum discharge rate ratio of the quantity of extinguishing agent discharged from a nozzle to the discharge time measured within ± 1 s NOTE

The ratio is expressed in litres per minute for the maximum pressure.

3.23 mean discharge rate discharge rate calculated dividing the total water amount by the total discharge time 3.24 multiple vat deep fat fryer multiple fryers which are mechanically joined together NOTE Each vat incorporates a separately controlled heating source. The at least two fryers are separated by at least 5 cm from each other.

3.25 operating pressure constant or time-dependent pressure at a component during discharge 3.26 preaction system dry pipe system, in which an independent fire detection system in the protected area allows the firefighting medium to flow into the pipework prior to the independent operation and subsequent operation of any automatic nozzle 3.27 pump device consisting of one or more pressurizing units directly connected to a suitable driver 3.28 preburn time time from ignition of the fire source till the operating pressure or design flow is available at the hydraulically most remote nozzle

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! 3.29 A K Iqualified company N company registered by a national body or accepted by the authorities having jurisdiction for design, installation S I and maintenance of fixed watermist systems and fully trained and authorized by the manufacturer R O K J3.30 O responsible person R B Iperson(s) responsible for or having effective control over fire safety provisions adopted in or appropriate to the N Epremises or the building D E 3.31 V 3 A single fluid system 1 N 0 system which generates watermist by passage of water or water with additive through the nozzle 2 A n Z u A j . 3.32 4 K ; R split vat deep fat fryer D E M A Ifryer that incorporates a dividing partition which splits the fryer in sections R R G P NOTE Each split vat fryer incorporates a separately controlled heating source. The at least two fryers are separated O G E O by at least 5 cm from each other. B N 0 R 7 I 0 P3.33 1 A 1 , Psupplier 1 1 G qualified company that is responsible for the product, process or service and is able to ensure that quality T O assurance is exercised U N P D O E T J3.34 U O A Psystem duration , E D Jtotal time for which the supply of fire fighting medium is designed to last A N R A The time is given in minutes. G PNOTE 1 O M E A T B For systems with intermittent discharge it is the sum of the times of discharge and the times without discharge. ŠNOTE 2 O I E O D A I 3.35 N K ,twin fluid system O I A system which generates watermist at the nozzle by mixing water with an atomizing gas fed from a separate C K I pipe(s) from the water supply A N Z I S I N R 3.36 A O G K R 0user O 1person or persons responsible for use and maintenance of the watermist system S A A Z G I3.37 Ž A J volume protection system I E B R watermist system designed to protect all hazards in an enclosed volumetric space R M S P A J N 3.38 E Jwatermist N Ewater spray for which the diameter Dv0,90 measured in a plane 1 m from the nozzle at its minimum operating C Š Ipressure is less than 1 mm R O 3.39 K O watermist nozzle N component with one or more orifices which is designed to produce and discharge watermist E J L O V Z O D

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3.40 watermist system entire means of a firefighting system connected to a water supply equipped with one or more nozzles capable of delivering watermist to meet the requirements of this document NOTE Watermist systems may discharge plain watermist or a mixture of watermist and some other agent or agents like gases or additives.

3.41 wet pipe system watermist system using automatic nozzles attached to a piping system containing water and connected to a water supply so that water discharges immediately from nozzles operated by the heat from a fire

4

Requirements

4.1

General

Watermist systems shall only be designed, installed and maintained by qualified companies and shall comply with the following requirements. The safe use of a water mist system is limited to applications it has been tested for. Parameters used during such tests define the limits of its application, unless methods being acceptable to the authorities having jurisdiction to interpolate test results can be applied. Parameters include room geometry, ventilation conditions, fire load, etc. Watermist systems shall be tested in accordance with Annex A. For scenarios where Annex A is not applicable, it is recommended to test watermist systems in accordance with Annex B by a recognized third party laboratory. In this case, the results of the test protocol should be acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, responsible for the acceptance of the system. Annex A describes fire test protocols for a variety of hazard groups. Watermist systems shall be successfully tested in accordance with these test protocols. Annex B provides guidelines for defining representative fire test protocols based on a proper fire protection engineering evaluation of the fire hazard, the compartment conditions, and the performance objectives for the system. The full system evaluation also includes component testing. Annex D describes the testing of watermist nozzles. For other components, a customized evaluation or review should be carried out based on existing component standards. If no suitable component standard is available, case-by-case evaluations should be conducted by qualified testing laboratories. Water mist systems shall be certified in conformity to all requirements of this document by a recognized authority. Where a watermist system or an extension or alteration to a watermist system is being considered within new or existing buildings, the relevant parties shall be consulted and, where necessary, their approval sought at an early stage, e.g. the water supply authority, the fire authority; the insurer(s) of the building and building contents.

4.2 4.2.1

Exclusions General

Watermist systems shall be designed and installed in a way that in any case contact between water and the following materials or substances is avoided.

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! 4.2.2 Materials which react with water A K I N Watermist systems shall not be used for direct application to materials that react with water to produce violent S I reactions or significant amounts of hazardous products. These materials include: R O K Ja) reactive metals, such as lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, uranium and O R plutonium; B I N Eb) metal alkoxides, such as sodium methoxide; D E V c) metal amides, such as sodium amide; 3 A 1 N 0 2 A d) carbides, such as calcium carbide; n Z u A j . e) halides, such as benzoyl chloride and aluminum chloride; 4 K ; R D E A M hydrides, such as lithium aluminum hydride; If) R R G P O G g) oxyhalides, such as phosphorus oxybromide; E O B N 0 R 7 Ih) silanes, such as trichloromethylsilane; 0 P 1 A 1 , P sulfides, such as phosphorus pentasulfide; 1 i) 1 G T O U N j) cyanates, such as methylisocyanate. P D O E T J NOTE These materials are allowed if stored in non-combustible containers. U O A P , E D J 4.2.3 Liquefied gases A N R A G P O M Watermist systems shall not be used for direct application to liquefied gases at cryogenic temperatures (such E A Tas liquefied natural gas), which boil violently when heated by water. B Š O I E O D A I 4.3 Local applications N K , O I A Systems designed to be installed in local applications shall be tested for the associated hazard class selected C K A I and for the main protection objective/objectives of the applications concerned. N Z I S I N R A O Systems designed to be installed in multiple hazard local application areas, where protection for individual G K R 0objects is foreseen, shall be approved for all associated hazards present in the area. O 1 S A If necessary additional systems/nozzles shall be installed to cover all hazards present in that area. A Z G I Ž A J I E 4.4 Volume protection B R R M S P A Volume protection systems shall be designed and installed for the hazards to be protected within the volume, J N E Jin accordance with the design parameters established through representative fire tests (see 6.1). N E C Systems designed to be installed in a multiple hazard application shall be tested and approved for all present Š Ihazards in the volume. Where the spread of fire is likely to involve two or more enclosed volumetric spaces, R O adjacent fire hazards shall be taken into account, and the watermist system shall be designed for the K combined hazard. O N E JNOTE The installation of an automatic door closing mechanism is expected to improve the effectiveness of the L system by ensuring that any doors to the volume being protected are kept shut. O V Z O D

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4.5

Other considerations

4.5.1

Discharge delay

For dry and preaction systems with automatic nozzles the firefighting medium shall exit from the nozzle within 60 s after activation, i.e. opening of the first nozzle. In application with open nozzles the firefighting medium shall exit from all nozzles within 30 s after activation. 4.5.2

Selection of detection system

If a detection system is used for activation it shall be as specified in the manufacturer's design and installation manual. The detection system shall be specified based on the results of the fire tests. The detection system shall comply with the requirements of 6.8.3. 4.5.3

Oxygen depletion

Systems discharging into the protected volume a gas, different from air, shall comply with the safety requirements of EN 15004-1. The safety requirements effected by the gas concentration produced by the watermist system shall comply with national regulations.

5 5.1

Activation and control General

The detection and activation system can either be mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, or electrical. The activation system should fulfil the following requirements, if applicable: a)

the detection system shall be installed in all zones protected by the watermist system and shall comply with the data sheet given by the manufacturer of the activation device;

b)

the temperature rating of detector shall be as close as possible to, but not less than 30 °C above, the highest anticipated ambient temperature;

c)

when air or inert gas is used, the working pressure in the system shall not exceed 3,5 bar, except if otherwise specified by the deluge valve manufacturer;

d)

detection lines shall be monitored.

Details of specific intermittent misting operations of systems and the associated modes of controls re-setting are not specified in this European Standard, but such systems can be applied in design, as long as the above agreed principles of system rationale are observed and followed. Detection, actuation, alarm and control systems shall be installed, tested and maintained in accordance with appropriate national standards. Failure of the control panel shall not be able to stop the ongoing watermist discharge or the ongoing discharge sequence. Watermist systems relying on a control system for the entire discharge duration shall be fire performance tested together with the control system. Watermist systems shall be automatically activated, except where the authorities having jurisdiction allow only manual activation.

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! The system shall be arranged so that there is no possibility of an alarm being produced in an adjacent A K Iextinguishing zone by the fire fighting medium. N S I Watermist systems activated by fire detection shall be equipped with a manual triggering device. R O K JThe manual triggering device should be located near the exit, outside the protected rooms and should be O R installed at normal operating height, at highly visible locations. B I N Watermist systems with automatic nozzles do not require a manual activation. ENOTE 1 D E In addition to any means of automatic operation, the system shall be provided with an emergency triggering V 3 A device of each individual triggered selector valve for providing direct mechanical actuation of the system. 1 N 0 2 A n Z NOTE 2 National standards may require the release to operate after the pre-discharge alarms and time delay. u A j . K 4 ; R NOTE 3 National standards may require a manual triggering device incorporating a double action or other safety D E device to restrict accidental operation. A M I R R G P O G 5.2 Electrical activation and control E O B N 0 R 7 I5.2.1 General 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1 For the design, installation and maintenance of electrically activated systems, and also for component 1 G requirements in respect of these systems, see relevant parts of EN 54 and EN 12094. T O U N D P O E T JDetection, control and activation systems shall be able to function either automatically or manually. In the case U O of automatic activation, provision for manual triggering shall be provided. Detection, control and activation A P , E systems shall be installed, commissioned and maintained in compliance with the relevant national standards. D J A N R A G P5.2.2 Application of EN 54 O M E A T B ŠThe relevant part of the EN 54 series shall be applied to the detection part of watermist systems, with the O I following additions: E O D A I N K ,a) In case the system is activated after the reception of two or more alarm signals, generated by automatic O I A fire detectors, the reception of the first signal should be indicated visibly and audibly. On the reception of C K the first signal, outputs (e.g. for plant shut down) may be activated. The number of detectors compared to A I N Z I S standard rules for spacing of detectors to achieve a quick responding firefighting system shall be doubled. I N R A O G K R 0NOTE 1 To reduce the probability of false activation, it is recommended to design the system on basis of a 2-detector O 1confirmation. After a "confirming" alarm from a second detector the system release starts on basis of the "programmed" S A sequence of, for example, time delay on activation device, shut down protected processes, shut d own of ventilation, etc. A Z G I Ž A When the water discharge of the system depends on detector signal after the first release, no flame J I E B R detectors or smoke detectors shall be used, unless the type of detector has proven its reliability in the R M S presence of watermist. P A J N E Jb) In the coverage area of the watermist system, the activation temperature of the heat detector shall be N close to but at least 30 °C above the maximum temperature to be expected during standard operation. E C Š I c) The signal from the (separate) detection system to activate the watermist control system shall be R O monitored. K O N d) The output circuit from the watermist control system to the electrical activating device for the water E J discharge shall be monitored. L O V Ze) If monitoring is required (see Table 2), in addition the following active elements of watermist systems shall O have their functions supervised for open line and/or short circuit and shall have its status signalled: D

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1)

the system "discharged" device, i.e. pressure device or flow device;

2)

the position of any valves which can inhibit the flow of the fire extinguishing media to the nozzle;

3)

a maintenance isolate switch, if installed. It shall electrically isolate the electrical activating device;

4)

the expellant gas pressure-switch, if installed, to monitor the operational status of the system;

5)

a level-switch (in case of a water storage container) to monitor the operational status of the system;

6)

the "double-action" manual release device to activate the watermist control system.

NOTE 2

Indicators for items 2, 3 and 4 may be combined in one "system-status-indicator".

The following minimum requirements for control and indicating equipment shall be implemented: 7)

power supply including batteries in accordance with 6.8.3;

8)

supervision of circuits of active elements;

9)

a switch, to electrically isolate the circuitry of the system discharge device, shall be provided to allow for proper testing and maintenance. The status of this switch shall be clearly indicated on the control panel;

10) alarm functions in accordance with 5.2.4. f)

If networked ringmains (loops) are used, several actuators shall be connected within a maximum of eight sections in one loop. Between adjacent section actuators short circuit isolators shall be installed.

5.2.3

Power supply

The electric power supply shall be independent of the supply for the hazard area and shall comply with EN 54-4. The emergency power supply shall be capable of keeping the system in operation for at least 24 h from first loss of power. The electrical supply shall be exclusively for the detection and control system. The electrical supply isolating switch for the detection and control system shall be clearly marked as follows: DO NOT SWITCH OFF AUTOMATIC FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM The connection shall be made on the supply side of the main electrical distribution board. 5.2.4

Alarm indications

Alarms or indicators or both shall be used to indicate the operation of the system or failure of any supervised device. The type (audible, visual), number, and location of the devices shall be such that their purpose is satisfactorily accomplished. The activation of a watermist system should generate an acoustic alarm and/or an optical alarm. Alarms shall be in accordance with the requirements of the authority having jurisdiction. Audible alarms and where appropriate visible warning signs shall be provided:

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! a) Fire alarm signal upon the first alarm from one of the installed detectors. The signal may be by means of A K visible indication and/or an alert tone. The alarm for each installation shall be connected to a permanently I N manned location. S I R O NOTE In case of high noise levels it is advisable to install a "visual attention maker" by means of, for example, flashing K Jlight instead of the alert sounder. O R B Ib) System Operational Status, any conditions that may effect either automatic operation, or the N effectiveness of the system installed shall cause a visual indication on the system control and indicating E D device. Such conditions shall include but not be limited to the following: E V 3 A 1) operation of the maintenance override function; 1 N 0 2 A n Z 2) failure in the fire detection system; u A j . K 4 ; R 3) fault in the activation circuit; D E A M I R R 4) failure in capacity of the firefighting media, i.e. low water level, low pressure expellant gas, fire G P pumps; O G E O B N 0 R 5) status "manual" in case of a device being installed for selection of either automatic or manual 7 I 0 P operation; 1 A 1 , P 1 1 G 6) failure in power supply. T O N U P D Fault indications shall be connected to a permanently manned location. O E T J U O A P 5.3 Non-electrical activation , E D J A N R A Where pneumatic, hydraulic or mechanic control equipment is used, the lines shall be protected against G P crimping and other possible damage. Where installations could be exposed to adverse conditions that could O M E A Taffect the integrity of the installation (electrical cable, pipework, key parts, etc.), appropriate precautions shall B Š O Ibe taken to counteract such occurrence. E O D A I N K , O I A 6 Design and installation C K I A N Z I S I6.1 General N R A O G K R 06.1.1 Design parameters O 1 S A A Z G IThe installation and design shall comply with the parameters used in successful fire tests for the specific Žhazard as defined in Annex A of this document. These parameters shall include the following, as appropriate, A J I E e.g.: B R R M S P A  nozzle type; J N E J N  minimum and maximum nozzle spacing; E C Š I R  number of operating nozzles; O K O  minimum design pressure; N E J L  minimum flow rate; O V Z  ceiling height/maximum volume; O D

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 additives. All design parameters and any other system constraints crucial to the operation shall be specified in the manufacturer's design, installation, operation and maintenance manual. Due to the large variety of different types of watermist systems and hazard applications, some parameters – mainly related to the pressure and flow rate – cannot be provided in a prescriptive manner by single numbers. In such cases sufficient and relevant design information shall be provided to enable the reproduction of the system as tested. The manufacturer shall describe and/or specify the procedure for the erection of the system. 6.1.2

Extinguishing systems

Fire extinguishing systems shall meet the following fundamental system requirements: a) nozzle(s) shall be positioned in accordance with the manufacturer's design and installation manual in order to distribute the extinguishing media to all areas where fire either occurs or spreads; b) after the system duration time the system shall be able to prevent fire re-ignition; c)

systems shall be capable of fire extinguishment, for the relevant application, in accordance with the annexes of this European Standard, see also 8.4.

6.1.3

Control/Suppression systems

These systems shall meet the following fundamental system requirements: a) nozzle(s) shall be positioned in accordance with the manufacturer's design and installation manual; b) the discharge duration shall be long enough to allow manual intervention to take over fire fighting efforts; c)

6.2

systems shall be capable of fire suppression/control, for the relevant application, in accordance with the annexes of this European Standard.

Pipes and fittings

The manufacturer shall specify the pipework quality for the intended use. The pipework shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's design and installation manual with the same safety level as described in EN 12845 and shall be protected against corrosion. Pipes and fittings shall be installed in such a way that the pipework is not exposed to damage, for example by fire, by passing vehicles, by frost, by seismic movement (see EN 12845). Special consideration shall be given to systems installed in corrosive environments. Special consideration shall be given to possible thermal expansion problems which may occur due to very long straight pipe runs.

6.3

Pipe supports

Pipe supports shall be designed and spaced according to the manufacturer's design and installation manual and with minimum safety as described in EN 12845.

6.4

Hydraulic and pneumatic circuits

The installation shall be in accordance with 7.2.

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! If a pressure relief valve is installed the pressure shall not exceed 1,5 times the design pressure in the circuit. A K I N S I6.5 Non-return valves R O K Non-return valves shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's design and installation manual, if J more than one section is fed by a common supply. Non-return valves shall also be installed to prevent O R backflow, e.g. into the town mains or as a separation between pumps/water sources. B I N E 6.6 Drainage D E V 3 A All system piping and fittings shall be installed in such a way that the entire system can be drained. 1 N 0 2 A n Z 6.7 Pressure gauges/monitoring u A j . K 4 ; R If monitoring is required, all monitoring equipment shall be installed according to the manufacturer's design D E M A Iand installation manual. R R G P O G E O 6.8 Electrical Design B N 0 R 7 I 0 P6.8.1 General 1 A 1 , P 1 1 G The electric installation of automatic extinguishing systems shall comply with the latest relevant standards for T O high voltage/low voltage. Special attention shall be paid to the safe earthing of the piping network. U N P D O E T J 6.8.2 Electrical equipment U O A P , E D J All electrical equipment used in the automatically actuated firefighting system shall comply with the relevant A N A R Pnational regulations. G O M E A TSpecial attention shall be paid to the use of equipment in hazardous classified areas and the appropriate B Šingress protection grade. O I E O D A I NOTE See EN 60079 and IEC 61241. N K , O I A C K 6.8.3 Power supplies for operation A I N Z I S I N R This requirement is valid for pumps and other directly AC powered equipment without battery backup. On A O automatically activated watermist systems the power from the public network shall be connected on the supply G K R 0 O 1side of the main switch (or as close as allowed by national standards). The electrical supply for the automatic S A watermist system shall not be connected to any other type of electric equipment. The group isolate switch for A Z G Ithe automatic firefighting system shall be clearly marked as follows: Ž A J I E B R R M S P A J N DO NOT SWITCH OFF E J N AUTOMATIC E C Š I R FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM O K O 6.9 Manual activation N E J L Watermist systems shall be equipped with a manual triggering device. O V Z O Watermist systems with automatic nozzles do not need a manual activation. D

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The manual triggering device should be located near the exit, outside the protected rooms and should be installed at normal operating height, at highly visible locations. In addition to any means of automatic operation, the system shall be provided with an emergency triggering device for providing direct mechanical actuation of the system. NOTE 1

National standards may require the release to operate after the pre-discharge alarms and time delay.

NOTE 2 National standards may require a manual triggering device incorporating a double action or other safety device to restrict accidental operation.

6.10 Nozzle Distance below ceilings, maximum and minimum height and design of the ceiling. Nozzles shall be spaced and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's design and installation manual, based on test results, taking into account at least the following parameters: a) type of hazard; b) nozzle positioning, minimum and maximum spacing between nozzles; c)

nozzle type with its specific spray characteristics and its flow rate;

d) distance from walls and other obstructions, installation of nozzles to compensate for obstructions, installation around openings; e) distance to the risk, etc.; f)

distance below ceilings, maximum and minimum height and design of the ceiling;

g) nozzle orientation.

6.11 Air velocity, openings and ventilation Air velocity, openings and ventilation shall be taken into account, in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, based on test results. Wherever possible, the ventilation system shall be shut down before the system operates. In those cases where this is not possible or desirable, the air velocity and/or total leakage area shall be within the limits specified by the manufacturer on the basis of tests.

6.12 Hydraulic and pneumatic calculations 6.12.1 Pressure loss

Only appropriate and validated calculation procedures shall be applied, e.g. the formula of "Darcy-Weisbach" for liquid flow systems. 6.12.2 Water hammer

The effects of possible water hammers shall be considered.

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! 6.13 Automatic shut-down A K I N S I6.13.1 Fuel and other combustibles used in the protected area R O K During a fire incident provision shall be made to stop any supply of combustible substances as part of the J shut-down emergency procedures (product and raw materials feed), with the exception of the minimum supply O R for emergency running systems. This point shall also be taken into consideration when specifying the B Ioperating period. N E D E6.13.2 Power supply to equipment in the protected area V 3 A 1 N 0 Normally, power supplies to the equipment in the affected area shall be switched off upon activation of the 2 A system or detection of a fire. Minimum supplies for emergency running systems are an exception. This n Z u A j . interlock is application-dependant (e.g. motor test beds, gas turbines) 4 K ; R D E A M I6.14 Enclosure requirements R R G P O G Fire resistance, pressure relief openings, obstructions shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's design E O and installation manual. B N 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1 7 Components 1 G O T U N P D 7.1 Nozzles O E J T U O A P7.1.1 General , E D J A N NOTE See Annex D. R A G P O M E A Nozzles shall be made of corrosion resistant material, and shall not be prone to be damaged by mechanical T B Šimpact. O I E O D A I Nozzles shall be permanently marked to identify the manufacturer, model number, year of manufacturing, the N K ,approval mark(s), and/or component identification. O I A C K A I N 7.1.2 Open nozzles Z I S I N R A O Open nozzles shall be equipped with a blow off cap or other protective device, if the environment is prone to G K R 0allow clogging of the exit port(s) by foreign material. These devices shall provide an unobstructed opening O 1 upon system operation and shall be arranged in such a way as to prevent injury of personnel. S A A Z G I Ž A J 7.1.3 Automatic nozzles I E B R R M S Automatic nozzles shall be equipped with a heat sensitive device designed to react at a pre-determined P A J N nominal release temperature. E J N Automatic nozzles shall be equipped with opening devices which are colour coded in accordance with E C EN 12259-1 to indicate their temperature rating. Š I R O Automatic nozzles shall be equipped with a blow off cap or other pr otective device, if the environment is prone K to allow clogging of the exit port(s) by foreign material. These devices shall provide an unobstructed opening O N upon system operation and shall be arranged in such a way as to prevent injury of personnel. E J L O V Z O D

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7.2 7.2.1

Piping and fittings General

The pipework shall be able to withstand at least four times the design pressure. 7.2.2

Piping

Pipework materials shall be of stainless steel or of at least equivalent quality in respect to corrosion. Alternative solutions (materials, e.g. copper and zinc coated steel, synthetic material and/or other system measures) shall be possible if the same level of safety in respect to clogging of the chosen nozzle and filters due to corrosion can be proven. The chosen material shall be suitable to withstand the anticipated temperatures. Other piping materials than those listed above may be used if proven to be suitable by applicable tests. The piping and fittings should be suitable for the applied pressure system, and this has to be proven by a hydrostatic test at 150 % of the design pressure. Where applicable, pipe joints shall comply with ISO 6182-12. Components for higher operating pressures than referred to in ISO 6182-12 shall provide the sam e safety level. If no applicable E uropean Standards are available, the manufacturer shall prove that the components comply with the following basic requirements:

 minimum bursting strength;  vibration;  water hammer;  corrosion;  heat resistance. 7.2.3

Pipe supports

The manufacturer shall prove that the following basic requirements are complied with:

 load;  vibration;  heat resistance. Pipe supports which are in accordance with ISO 6182-11 are considered to meet this requirement. Pipe supports shall be suitable for the environmental conditions, for the expected temperature, including the stresses induced in the pipe work by temperature variations, and be able to withstand the anticipated dynamic and static forces. 7.2.4

Flexible hoses

The length of the hose shall be limited to the minimum necessary taking into account the installation guidelines and restrictions of the hose manufacturer. Flexible hoses intended for use in watermist systems used to protect occupancies containing flammable liquids are to be made of fire-resistant materials and reinforced with wire braid or other suitable material.

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! Flexible hoses shall fulfil the relevant requirements of pipes and fittings. This excludes the temperature A K Irequirements, if the flexible hose is installed in the water supply. N S I R 7.3 Control valves O K J Control valves shall be suitable for the pressures, temperatures and environment imposed on them. They O R shall be in accordance with the acceptance criteria of the essential features of the tests as listed in the B Irelevant part of EN 12259. The valve shall be m ade of corrosion resistant material, or having corrosion N Eresistant finishing. The valve shall have a clear mark to indicate the correct way of installation. D E V For control valves with actuator mechanism, such as pneumatic type, hydraulic type, or electrical type, the 3 A 1 N 0 specifications of the actuator shall match the valve operation criteria. 2 A n Z u A j . 7.4 Pressure regulating valves 4 K ; R D E Pressure regulating valves, where used shall be capable of providing a stable regulated output at the rated A M I R R flow capacity and design setting, over the full range of operating pressures that will be experienced over the G P course of the discharge period. Pressure set, point-adjusting mechanisms on the pressure regulating valve O G E O shall be tamper resistant, and a permanent marking shall indicate the adjustment. A means to indicate B N 0 R evidence of tampering shall be provided. The pressure regulating valve's set point shall be set by the 7 I 0 Pmanufacturer. Permanent markings shall indicate the inlet and outlet connections of the pressure regulating 1 A 1 valve. , P 1 1 G T O 7.5 Shut-off valves U N P D E O J T Shut-off valves shall meet the requirements of the relevant parts of EN 12259 for systems up to 12,5 bar U O A Pdesign pressure. , E D J A N If shut-off valves are installed for systems operating above 12,5 bar, the shut-off valve shall be suitable for the R A G Papplicable pressure class, and they shall be in accordance with the acceptance criteria of the essential O M E A Tfeatures of the tests as listed in EN 12845. B Š O I E O Valves, which are not required to be in compliance with the standards mentioned above, shall include an D A I "open–shut" indicator, which can not be tampered with. Valves shall be protected against unauthorized N K ,tampering. O I A C K A I N Z I S I7.6 Check valves N R A O G K Check valves shall be suitable for the applicable pressure class. R 0 O 1 S A 7.7 Safety valves A Z G I Ž A J I E Pressure relief valves are to be designed to withstand a pressure equal to 1,5 times the design pressure of the B R system. R M S A P N J E J7.8 Strainers N E C Strainers shall be made of corrosion resistant materials. For pressure bearing parts and for the sieve, metallic Š Imaterials shall be used. The flow direction shall be given on the body of system strainers. R O K System strainers shall be installed in each water supply connection. It shall be possible to take out the sieve O N and the dirt particles of system strainers without having to remove the strainer housing. E J L O All parts shall be constructed in such a way that wrong mounting will be obvious. The design pressure shall be V Zequal to the system operating pressure, with a minimum of 12,5 bar. Strainers shall be designed in such a O way that spheres with a diameter of more than 0,8 times the minimum nozzle waterway dimension cannot D

pass the strainer.

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Nozzles with waterways that cannot be passed by a 4 mm sphere shall be equipped with upstream strainers. These strainers shall be designed to prevent any particles carried in the discharge pipework from clogging the discharge orifices. The free flow through the range pipe shall not be obstructed by the strainers of nozzles installed directly into a pipe fitting, i.e. no part of the strainer shall protrude into that pipe. If the nozzle strainer is projecting from the nozzle inlet into the pipe fitting, the design shall be such that a sphere with a diameter of 3 mm can pass the waterways between the inner surface of the pipe fitting and the outer surface of the strainer. The pressure loss of the strainer shall be taken into account during hydraulic calculation.

7.9

Water supply components

The components of low pressure systems shall be in accordance with EN 12259. The components of systems with higher pressure shall fulfil the same safety level as given in EN 12259. Pressure vessels, vessels with external expelling gas, and pumps shall be: a)

the suitable metal alloy or composite material to provide adequate protection against corrosion and sludge development;

b) compatible with the specific watermist system as proven by the performance standard outlined in the test protocols in Annex A, or by a functional acceptance test. NOTE

8 8.1

See also European Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC).

Water supply, including additives General

The water supply can be based on either potable service water or water for other firefighting systems or sea water. If sea water is used, provisions shall be made to allow a thorough flushing of the system piping with fresh water after a functioning. If sea water is used for a closed head system, provision shall be made to precharge the system with fresh water. The water supply can be from a connection with the public water distribution system taking into account the requirements and restrictions from the Water Distribution Authorities. The water supply can be from an automatic starting fire pump. The fire pump installation should be in accordance with EN 12845. The water supply can also be from a pressurized container. The installation of the pressurized container should be in accordance with EN 12845.

8.2

Water quality

The water quality shall be specified in the manufacturer's design and installation manual. The water shall be free from fibrous or other matter in suspension liable to cause accumulations in the system piping. Salt or brackish water shall not be retained in installation pipework.

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! 8.3 Additives A K I N S I8.3.1 General R O K A watermist system shall be considered a system with additives when components other than those normally J present in fresh water are added to the water in significant percentages as specified by the manufacturer. O R Systems using sea water as emergency supply shall not be considered as systems with additives. B I N E Additives can be used in watermist systems for various reasons including the follo wings: D E V  preventing freezing in containers and system piping (wet systems); 3 A 1 N 0 2 A  preventing water/container deterioration; n Z u A j . 4 K  preventing corrosion; ; R E D A M I R R  enhancing fire suppression capabilities. G P O G E O 8.3.2 Identification B N 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A Watermist using additives shall be clearly identified by means of container labels, if applicable, and by 1 , Pincluding Material Safety Data Sheet of the additive in the design and installation manual. The effects of the 1 1 G additive shall be explained in the system manual. T O N U P D O E 8.3.3 Safety requirements T J U O A P Watermist systems using additives shall not be used in normally occupied areas unless they have been , E D Jevaluated to be safe for human exposure at the maximum concentration of the additive that can be reached A N R A upon system discharge. Evaluation shall include at least skin irritation, eye irritation, inhalation toxicity and G P toxicity on human beings. O M E A T B Š O I8.3.4 Listing in the manufacturer's design and installation manual E O D A I N K , Additives that can be used with a specific watermist system shall be listed in the manufacturer's design and O I A installation manual. The listing shall at least include: C K I A N Z I S I  specific type of additive; N R A O G K  specific concentration; R 0 O 1 S A  method of mixing the additive with water. A Z G I Ž A J I E The manufacturer shall assess the use of the additive and shall prove that it does not adversely affect the fire B R fighting capability of the system. R M S A P N J Systems using additives to enhance fire suppression capability be tested with the specific additive in the E Jspecific concentration; whereas a method of mixing the additive with water is used, the system of mixing shall N Ealso be tested. C Š I R Systems using additives to enhance fire suppression capability shall have a supply of additive sufficient to O K cover at least twice the duration as manufacturer has used in the test. O N E Foam extinguishing media are specified in EN 1568. JNOTE L O V Z O D

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8.4 8.4.1

Duration General

Table 1 shows the minimum discharge duration. Table 1 — Minimum discharge duration Systems

Duration

Extinguishing systems

Discharge duration at least twice the extinguishment time in the relevant fire tests, minimum 10 min, unless otherwise specified in the relevant test protocol.

Suppression and control systems

Minimum capacity for the duration 30 min/60 min depending on the hazard in accordance with EN 12845.

Fire tests in accordance with

Annex B

Annexes A and B

Intermittent systems shall repeat the discharge sequence throughout the required discharge duration. Water supplies shall be capable of maintaining at least the required pressure/flow conditions of the system. The water supply shall be capable of ensuring the necessary minimum pressure and the minimum water flow of the system during the discharge. The water supply shall provide the hydraulically most favourable operating area over the minimum duration, i.e. those areas where the maximum flow would be delivered. 8.4.2

Self-contained systems

For self-contained accumulator systems in unmonitored spaces and/or spaces with delayed access it is recommended to install a backup system for a second full discharge. This second discharge shall automatically be generated within the required minimum time given in Table 1. NOTE A self-contained system often has no connection to an external water source and typically comprises a set of cylinders or a skid mounted pressure tank, pre-fabricated in the manufacturer's workshop.

8.5 8.5.1

Continuity General

All practical steps shall be taken to ensure the continuit y and reliability of water supplies. A water supply shall not be affected by possible frost conditions, drought, flooding or any other conditions that could reduce the flow or effective capacity or render the supply inoperative, including tampering. NOTE Water supplies should preferably be under the control of the user, or else the reliability and right of use should be guaranteed by the designated organisation having control.

8.5.2

Frost protection

The stored water and the feed pipe and the control valve set shall be maintained at a minimum temperature of 4 °C. If this is not possible, measures have to be taken to ensure that the frost has no adverse effects on the system reliability, e.g. via acceptable additives.

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! 8.5.3 Housing of equipment for water supplies A K I N Water supply equipment, such as pumps, pressure tanks and gravity tanks, shall not be housed in buildings or S I sections of premises in which there are hazardous processes or explosion hazards. The water supplies, stop R O valves and control valves shall be installed such that they are safely accessible even in a fire situation. All K Jcomponents of the water supplies and control valve sets shall be installed such that they are secured against O tampering and are adequately protected against freezing. Local application water supplies shall be installed R B Ioutside hazardous areas. N E D E8.6 Maximum and minimum water pressure V 3 A 1 N 0 The maximum and minimum pressure of the water supply shall be within the approved limits of operating 2 A pressure for the nozzles specified by the manufacturer in consideration of the static pressure difference and n Z u the pipe hydraulic pressure loss. j A . 4 K ; R D E 8.7 Test devices A M I R R G P O G 8.7.1 Self-contained systems E O B N 0 R 7 ISelf-contained systems shall be equipped with means to test the cylinder valves unless the system can be 0 P 1 A tested via full discharge tests. 1 , P 1 1 G They shall be equipped with a means to permanently check the pressure or weight of pressurized cylinders. T O N U They shall be equipped with means to check the water content. P D O E T J 8.7.2 Pump and town main supplied systems U O A P , E D J Watermist installations shall be permanently provided with means for measuring pressure and flow. At least A N R A one suitable flow and pressure measuring arrangement shall be permanently installed on the pump pressure G P side and downstream the filter, if present. The testing apparatus shall be of adequate capacity and shall be O M E A Tinstalled in accordance with the supplier's instructions. Each supply to the installation shall be tested B Š O Iindependently with all other supplies isolated. E O D A I It is required to provide means to measure the inflow to a non full capacity tank of the watermist system. N K , O I A C K 8.8 Type of water supply A I N Z I S I N R The choice of the water supply depends on the necessary reliability of the system. The choice of the type of A O G K R 0the water supply depends on the protection criteria and risk which is protected. For special hazards, or a high O 1degree of protection, e.g. personal safety a water supply with higher reliability is required. S A A Z G IThe intention of the following table is to give some guideline for the necessary water supply. The choice of the Ž A J water supply should be based on the risk analysis of the area to be protected, see Table 2. I E B R R M S If a type of watermist system is not covered by Table 2, this Table 2 shall be applied in analogy. P A J N E JThe electric supply system shall be available at all times. N E C Š I R O K O N E J L O V Z O D

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Table 2 — Guidance on the minimum choice of water supply Application Type of water supply

Property Protection Life safety Critical risk

High risk

Single feed





X

Double feed

X(M)

X

X

X(M)(S)

X(M)

X

X(M)

X

X

1 pump and 1 tank





X(M)

Multiple pumps and 1 tank





X(M)

1 pump and 1 reserve pump and 1 or 2 tanks

X(M)

X(M)

X

Multiple pumps and 1 reserve pump and 1 or 2 tanks

X(M)

X(M)

X

2 pumps and 2 tanks, each with an actuation circuit

X(M)

X(M)

X

Multiple pumps and 2 tanks, each with multiple activation circuits

X(M)

X(M)

X

Direct connection to water networks (including town mains)

Pressurised gas/water tank or cylinder system Gravity tank

NOTE 1 M indicates acceptable monitoring with alarm (electrical pump: power available (all phases), pump on demand, pump running, start failure; diesel pump (additionally: battery and engine data); water networks (sufficient pressure); gravity tank: water level.) The alarm is transmitted to a permanently manned station. NOTE 2 S indicates redundant means for the electrical actuation and for the mechanical actuation (moving parts) shall be provided. This may be done by doubling the pilot battery. NOTE 3 The determination of the critical and high risk shall be determined by the owner or by the designated authorities. This European Standard does not address domestic occupancies or similar small occupancies as life safety occupancies. NOTE 4

8.9 8.9.1

X means that the requirement is acceptable.

Pressurization systems Cylinders and storage tanks

Pressure containers or cylinders shall be constructed, tested, and marked in accordance with recognised International Standards. Charged cylinders shall be tested for tightness before shipment in accordance with an approved procedure. Where manifold, cylinders shall be mounted and supported in a rack provided for this purpose, including facilities for convenient individual servicing or weighing of contents. When any cylinder is removed for maintenance, means shall be provided to prevent leakage from the manifold if the system is operated. Storage temperatures shall be maintained within the range specified by the manufacturer. External heating or cooling shall be an approved method to keep the temperature of the storage container within desired ranges. Containers shall be secured to prevent container movement and possible physical damage. When the storage container(s) is placed in the hazard area being protected, provisions should be made to ensure that the system operation is not adversely affected by its location.

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! NOTE The relevant regulations of the Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC) or the Transportable Pressure A K Equipment Directive (99/36/EC) and its related standard might be applicable. I N S I For low pressure storage tanks the relevant clauses of EN 12845 shall be applied. R O K JPressure tanks and cylinders shall be internally protected against corrosion. O R B I8.9.2 Pump systems N E D E 8.9.2.1 General V 3 A 1 N 0 Pumps used in watermist systems are usually of centrifugal or positive displacement type. Centrifugal pumps 2 A are used in low pressure and medium pressure systems, whereas positive displacement pumps are used in n Z u j A medium and high pressure systems. Pumps supplying watermist systems shall be automatically started. . 4 K Pumps supplying watermist systems shall be of sufficient capacity (flow and pressure) to meet the ; R E D requirements for the system supply. A M I R R G PPumps capable of over-pressurising the system shall be provided with approved means of pressure relief to O G prevent excessive increase in pressure. Over-pressure shall not exceed the design pressure of any E O B N component that may be in contact with water. Pressure relief valves shall be able to circulate the total amount 0 R 7 Iof flow given by the pumps at system component design pressure. 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1 Water flow driving through the pressure relief valve shall never be directed back to the pump suction line in 1 G order to prevent heating of the water. Flow may be directed back to the tank or to the drainage line of the T O U N system. D P O E T J U O Pumpsets shall be equipped with means to test flow rate and the developed pressure. A P , E D J All valves of the pump system that may alter correct functioning f unctioning of the system shall give signal of its position A N R A (closed/opened) or at least shall be of locked position. G P O M E A TThe pump inlet shall be provided with vacuum/pressure gauge and the pump outlet shall be provided with a B Š O Ipressure gauge. E O D A I Non-return valve rated for the design pressure shall be installed in the pump outlet port. N K , O I A C K A I 8.9.2.2 Centrifugal pumps N Z I S I N R Centrifugal pumpsets shall be designed and installed in accordance with the requirements of EN 12845 and A O G K 1) R 0EN 12259-12 O 1 S A A Z 8.9.2.3 Positive displacement pumps G I Ž A J I E Pumpsets shall be fitted with pressure relief valves and flow by-pass arrangements in order to avoid damage B R R M S to the pump and system. P A J N Positive displacement pumps, e.g. piston pumps pumps and, hence, the flow and pressure characteristics are are quite E JNOTE 1 different than those of a centrifugal pump. In contrast to the centrifugal pump, the flow rate of a positive displacement N Epump does not depend on system back p ressure but is proportional only to pump speed. C Š I R NOTE 2 Certain system features, such as the electrical power supply connections, location and sizing of circuit O breakers, and supervision, are similar to conventional fire pump installations. The pump itself should meet the K O requirements of technical standards, e.g. EN ISO 14847. N E J L O V Z O D 1) under preparation

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8.9.2.4

Tanks

Water tanks shall be supervised for the following conditions: a)

water level;

b)

water temperature (for tanks located in unheated areas).

Tanks shall be provided with a drain valve and an overflow outlet. A valve shall be placed at the outlet of the tank, between tank and pum ps, for maintenance purposes. Tanks shall be provided with some venting to atmosphere to avoid over/under pressure. NOTE

It is not applied to pressurised tanks.

This venting shall include a screen to avoid particles. Tanks shall include a name plate with volume and liquid contained. 8.9.2.5

Connections to water networks

Connections to water networks shall be provided with a strainer. The connection to the water network shall have a capacity to provide the maximum system demand at the minimum pressure required. 8.9.2.6

Jockey pumps

Jockey pumps shall be able to supply the system with sufficient pressure to open an activated automatic nozzle. It should not have sufficient flow capacity to sustain the pressure in the system above the pressure required to initiate the main watermist pump(s) when the smallest and/or most remote nozzle is operating. A test valve shall b e provided for test purposes at the jockey pump outlet. S ome protection devices, e.g. nonreturn valve shall be installed between the jockey pump and the pipe system to avoid breakage of the jockey pump due to the main pump operation controller. Pumps shall start automatically upon system actuation. Manual activation system shall be provided. 8.9.2.7

Monitoring of pumps

Monitoring shall include the following: a)

b)

electric pumpsets with: 1)

pump running;

2)

loss of power, e.g. one or more phases;

3)

phase reversal;

4)

controller not in automatic position;

diesel-driven pumps with: 1) pump running;

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! 2) power failure; A K I N 3) controller not in automatic position; S I R O 4) low oil pressure; K J O 5) high water temperature; R B I 6) failure to start/overcrank; N E D 7) over speed; E V 3 A 8) fuel level (set at 75 % capacity). 1 N 0 2 A n Z u A j . 4 K 9 Acceptance tests and maintenance ; R E D A M I R R 9.1 Acceptance test G P O G E O NOTE This clause specifies minimum requirements for the acceptance of the watermist firefighting system, see also B N Annex E. 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1 9.1.1 Criteria for acceptance 1 G T O a) The completed system shall be commissioned in accordance with at least the following: U N P D E O J T 1) Validation that the pipework is cleaned and free of swarf and debris. U O A P , E D J 2) Check of completed system against against approved documentation, with the physical verification of A N protected risk system design, site conditions and risk limitations. R A G P O M E A 3) Perform a full functional check of the system system subsequent verification of all required output, T B Š operational and alarming functions. In case of automatic detectors in accordance with EN 54 there O I E O shall be a check by activating every individual detector. D A I N K ,b) The performance of the completed watermist system shall be be proven by the the following: O I A C K A I N 1) The watermist system shall be pressurized 1,5 times the design pressure for at least 2 h to ensure Z I S I that no leakage and fault to pipework and components occur. The temperature change shall be taken N R A O into account. Any faults disclosed, such as permanent distortion, rupture or leakage, shall be G K R 0 corrected and the test shall be repeated. Loss verification may be done by pressure gauge or visibly O 1 on the system. S A A Z G I 2) During pressure testing appropriate safety rules shall be followed in order to avoid any risk to people Ž A J I E around the test area. B R R M S c) Watermist system test shall be carried out either by: P A J N E J 1) a full discharge test, with recording of system and supply pressure, performance observation; or by N E C Š I 2) a validation of pressure and flow of the water supply supply and free passage to all watermist nozzles by R utilising alternative ways, provided this is allowed by the authority having jurisdiction. O K O On completion of the acceptance procedure, a certificate of compliance shall be submitted by the N E Jinstaller/supplier. L O V Z O D

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9.1.2

Acceptance of watermist systems

The acceptance of a watermist system should be carried out by an independent authority having jurisdiction which declares the suitability and extinguishing capability of the system for the existing risk. The following items shall be verified: a)

fire risk and and resulted requirements for the watermist system;

b)

documentation;

c)

system design design and nozzle positioning in accordance with with the accepted accepted design design documentation;

d)

verification of components;

e)

function test and additional acceptance tests.

9.2

Commissioning report

The installer of the system shall provide the user with the commissioning report containing the following (see also 6.14): a)

results of the hydrostatic testing;

b)

that the necessary flushing and cleaning operations have been conducted so that pipe work are free of of swarf and debris that could cause the nozzles to block;

c)

results of the functional tests.

9.3

Inspection, maintenance and training

9.3.1

Inspection

At least annually, or more frequently as required by the authority, all systems shall be thoroughly inspected and tested for proper operation by competent independent personnel. The inspection report with recommendations shall be filed with the owner. 9.3.2 9.3.2.1

Maintenance General

The maintenance shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's design and installation manual of the manufacturer. Minimum once a year the system shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions by a company authorised by the manufacturer. 9.3.2.2

User's program of monitoring

The installer shall provide the user with a monitoring program for the system and components in accordance with the manufacturer's design and installation manual. The program shall include instructions on the action to be taken in respect of faults. The user's inspection program is intended to detect faults at an early stage to allow rectification before the system may have to operate. The relevant requirements of EN 12845 and EN 15004-1 shall be followed.

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! 9.3.3 Training A K I N All persons who may be expected to inspect, test, maintain, or operate firefighting systems shall be trained S I and kept adequately trained in the functions they are expected to perform. Personnel working in an enclosure R O protected by watermist shall receive training in the operation and use of the system, and regarding safety K Jissues. O R B I N E10 Documentation D E V 10.1 Documentation for system and type approval 3 A 1 N 0 2 A n Z The documentation shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction for investigation, comments and u A j . subsequent system and type approval. 4 K ; R D E The documentation for the system approval or recognition purposes for a specific hazard shall include at least A M I R R the following: G P O G E O a) fire test report(s) by an internationally recognized fire testing laboratory in accordance with Annex A; B N 0 R 7 I 0 Pb) component test report(s) by an internationally recognized testing laboratory; 1 A 1 , P 1 1 G c) system line diagrams and parts lists; T O U N P D d) drawings and/or data sheets for component identification; O E T J U O A Pe) manufacturer's design, installation, operation and maintenance manual providing at least the following , E information: D J A N R A G P 1) system identification, type and hazard application with any restrictions; O M E A T B Š 2) system design parameters; O I E O D A 3) hydraulic and pneumatic calculations or other dimensioning methods (pre-engineered systems, I N K , accumulator systems); O I A C K A I 4) full functional system description; N Z I S I N R A O 5) full installation and commissioning instructions; G K R 0 O 1 6) full operation instructions; S A A Z G I 7) full maintenance schedule and instructions. Ž A J I E B R R M S 10.2 Documentation for acceptance of design, installation and commissioning P A J N E JThe documentation shall be submitted to the responsible person for the acceptance of this installation. N E C The documentation for acceptance of design, installation and commissioning shall include at least the Š I following: R O K a) confirmation by the authority having jurisdiction of the fire test report(s) by an internationally recognized O N fire testing laboratory in accordance with Annex A; E J L O b) full project information, including system identification, type and application as well as hazard limits; V Z O c) system design parameters and hydraulic calculations (water or other medium); D

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d) commissioning and acceptance requirements; e) full functional system description (to include operating sequence, time delays, abort functions, maintenance switches and all other relevant items); f)

nozzle locations and identification;

g) full package schematic diagrams, including all point to point connections within the entire system; h) plan and sectional view of the protected area showing the lay-out of: 1)

zone divisions, size and locations;

2)

all piping, nozzles and all hangers and supports;

3)

all devices of the alarm and control system;

4)

all controlled devices, such as dampers, shutters, valves, etc.;

5)

all warning and instruction signs;

6)

isometric view of the complete system;

7)

plans including full detail of all system pipework and equipment;

8)

justification that the hazard falls within the system type approval or recognition applications;

9)

system line diagrams and parts lists;

10) drawings and/or data sheets for component identification. If field conditions necessitate any change from approved documentation, the change with justification shall be submitted for approval.

10.3 Documentation of system calculations Hydraulic and pneumatic calculations shall be carried out using either the methods as given in 6.12 or in accordance with (authorized) instructions of the manufacturer. All calculations shall be provided, including a summary of calculations, and shall be referenced to a drawing showing the locations of reference nodes in the system.

10.4 Maintenance A full maintenance schedule including the user's progr am of inspection and service schedule shall be pro vided upon acceptance testing.

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! A Annex A K I (normative) N S I R O K Test protocols J O R B I N E D EA.1 Test protocol for flammable liquids (control and suppression systems) V 3 A 1 N 0 A.1.1 General 2 A n Z u A j . This test protocol is intended for evaluating the fire performance of watermist firefighting systems intended for 4 K the protection of industrial flammable liquid hazards. Examples of such hazards include stationary combustion ; R E D engines (reciprocating of gas turbine engines); processes involving flammable liquids at atmospheric A M I pressure, such as dipping, electrostatic coating and cleaning processes; processes handling flammable liquids R R G Pabove atmospheric pressure, such as hydraulic fluid systems and cutting oil systems. Typical fire scenarios in O G E O these hazards include pool and spray fires of flammable liquids. B N 0 R 7 I 0 PThis test protocol is not applicable to storage (e.g. palletized or in rack) of flammable liquids. 1 A 1 , P 3 1 This test protocol is only applicable to minimum test volumes of 100 m . 1 G T O U N P D The fire performance of volume protection systems shall not depend on the relative positioning of the O E J T watermist nozzles and the fire hazard. U O A P , E D JThe criteria of the fire test are extinguishment but the systems are classified as control/suppression systems A N because of the installation variables (test protocols for firefighting systems are under development). R A P G O M E A A.1.2 Test protocol for volume protection compartment systems (control and suppression T B Šsystems) O I E O D A I A.1.2.1 General N K , O I A C K This test protocol is applicable for water-based firefighting systems. The test protocol is intended for watermist A I N Z nozzles mounted on the ceiling or along the perimeters of the enclosure. Watermist nozzles shall be installed I S I N R to protect the entire hazard volume. A O G K R 0 O 1In actual installations, the nozzle configuration shall reflect the one used in the tests. Zoned activation is S A permitted. The installation specification provided by the manufacturer shall include at least: A Z G I Ž A  minimum operating pressure; J I E B R R M S  maximum operating pressure; P A J N E J  maximum nozzle spacing; N E C  minimum nozzle spacing; Š I R  maximum enclosure height; O K O  maximum enclosure volume; N E J L  maximum size of ventilation opening; O V Z  minimum closed-cup flashpoint of flammable liquids in the protected space; O D

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 maximum degree of obstruction between the fires and the watermist nozzles;  the need for additional local application systems for areas of high hazard inside the enclosure;  allowable openings and their locations;  nozzle locations and positioning;  detection and activation time;  use of additives;  obstacles. A.1.2.2

Test set-up

The test enclosure shall be made of non-combustible materials. The floor area, the ceiling height and the maximum size of the ventilation opening of the enclosure shall be specified by the manufacturer. These shall be considered as maximum values for installations. A square-shaped steel plate, with a nominal thickness of 5 mm, measuring X m × X m (minimum 1 m × 1 m, maximum to be specified by the manufacturer), shall be positioned at 1,5 m height above floor level. If the manufacturer does not specify additional nozzles to be installed below obstructions, a second test with the steel plate in a distance to be specified by the manufacturer from the nozzles shall be conducted. This distance is used at the minimum distance between ceiling mounted nozzles and obstructions of the size of the steel plate. The value of X shall be specified by the manufacturer. In addition, the manufacturer may specify permissible obstructions (such as beams, columns or HVAC ducts) and their relative positioning to the nozzles, which shall be used in the fire tests. A single fuel type shall be used for the tests. The fuel shall be chosen by the manufacturer. The hazards protected may involve fuels with a similar or higher closed-cup flash point than used in the fire test. The method of activation shall be specified by the manufacturer and shall be verified by the authorities. The mode of operation shall be specified by the manufacturer and shall be used in the tests. A.1.2.3

Test methods

A.1.2.3.1

a)

Fire test 1 – small pool fire

Test fire: 2

A square-shaped 1 m pool fire located on the floor, centrally under the steel plates; the plates shall be positioned either under one or between four nozzles, choosing the location of smaller water discharge density at the fire location. b)

Fuel: diesel oil or heptanes.

c)

Preburn time:

d)

1)

fire test 1a: 20 s;

2)

fire test 1b: 120 s.

Criteria: 1)

the fire shall be extinguished within 15 min from system activation;

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! 2) there shall be no re-ignition within 30 min from system activation; A K I N 3) the average gas temperature shall remain below 100 °C after 3 min from system activation. The S I average temperature is the average of two gas temperature measurements performed at 3 m R O horizontal distance from the pool centre, one at 2 m above the floor and the other 1 m below the K J ceiling. O R B IA.1.2.3.2 Fire test 2 – small spray fire N E D Ea) Test fire: V 3 A 1 N 0 A horizontal spray positioned 1 m above the floor un der the steel plate. The distance along the spra y axis from 2 A the table edge to the fuel spray nozzle shall be 1/3 times X; the distance perpendicular to the spray axis from n Z u the table edge to the fuel spray nozzle shall be ½ times X (where X is the side length of the table). The fuel j A . K 4 spray shall have a nominal fuel pressure of 8,5 bar, and the spray nozzle shall be of the wide spray angle ; R (80°), full cone type. The fuel flow rate shall be (0,03 ± 0,005) kg/s. D E A M I R R G Pb) Fuel: diesel oil or heptanes. O G E O B N c) Preburn time: 20 s. 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 d) Criteria: , P 1 1 G 1) the fire shall be extinguished within 15 min from system activation; T O U N P D O E 2) there shall be no re-ignition within 30 min from system activation; T J U O A P , E 3) the average gas temperature shall remain below 100 °C after 3 min from system activation. The D J average temperature is the average of two gas temperature measurements performed at 3 m A N R A horizontal distance from the pool centre, one at 2 m above the floor and the other 1 m below the G P ceiling. O M E A T B Š O IA.1.2.3.3 Fire test 3 – effect of fire location E O D A I N K ,The most difficult of fire tests 1a, 1b and 2 shall be repeated by changing the location of the obstructed fire to O I A either under one nozzle or to between four nozzles. C K I A N Z I S IA.1.2.3.4 Fire test 4 – large pool fire N R A O G K R 0a) Test fire: O 1 S A 3 2 A Z 1) for enclosure volume < 250 m : a square-shaped 2 m shielded pool fire located on the floor, G I centrally under the steel plate; during the preburn, the enclosure shall be ventilated through a vertical Ž A J I E rectangular door of measures 1 m × 2 m (width × height); in the beginning of system discharge, the B R R M specified ventilation condition has to be arranged; S A P N J 3 2 2) volume ≥ 250 m : a square-shaped 4 m shielded pool fire located centrally under the steel plate; E J N during the preburn, the enclosure shall be ventilated through a vertical rectangular door of measures E 2 m × 2 m (width × height); in the beginning of system discharge, the specified ventilation condition C Š I has to be arranged. R O K The location of the pool shall correspond to the most difficult location encountered in fire tests 1 to 3. O N E Jb) Fuel: diesel oil or heptanes. L O V Zc) Preburn time: O D

1)

36

Fire test 4a: 20 s;

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2) d)

Fire test 4b: 120 s.

Criteria: 1)

the fire shall be extinguished within 15 min from system activation;

2)

there shall be no re-ignition within 30 min from system activation;

3)

the average gas temperature shall remain below 100 °C after 3 min from system activation. The average temperature is the average of two gas temperature measurements performed at 3 m horizontal distance from the pool centre, one at 2 m above the floor and the other 1 m below the ceiling.

The fire performance of the system is deemed adequate if all criteria are met in all tests. Additional local application systems for areas of high hazard are required if the extinguishment time of one or more fires is longer than 15 min but less than 30 min, and all other criteria are met. Additional criteria (for all fire tests) may be applied if required b y the installation. Examples of such criteria are: e)

maximum surface temperatures or maximum heating/cooling rates of chosen constructions;

f)

maximum gas temperatures at chosen locations;

g)

maximum allowed concentrations of toxic gases;

h)

minimum allowed concentration of oxygen;

i)

maximum pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the enclosure.

A.2 Fire test protocol for cable tunnels (control and suppression systems) A.2.1 General This test protocol is only applicable to mainly horizontal (max. 10°) cable tunnels. NOTE

Horizontal cable tunnels relate to the orientation of the tunnel, not to the cable orientation.

This test protocol does not include testing of the function of the cable. The test protocol is applicable to systems only, where the manufacturer's design and installation manual considers the following principles: An appropriate test or an approved calculation method taking into account the type of the detection system shall be mandatory in order to prove that the spatial resolution of the detection system relative to the section length is satisfying. The detection system is not part of the scope of the system.

A.2.2 Purpose This test protocol describes the requirements and test methods for the application of watermist systems in cable galleries.

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! A.2.3 Test configuration A K I N S IA.2.3.1 Fuel R O K The fire load shall consist of different sized cables. The fire load shall be given by the manufacturer and the J test laboratory. O R B IFor bigger fire loads the distribution percentage of different sizes shall be kept. Cables with bigger diameters N Eshall be preferably positioned in the lower cable trays. D E V The cable insulation should consist of Polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene (PE) or similar burning material. All 3 A 1 N 0 cable types shall have low fire resistance characteristics and shall not be specifically protected fire 2 A propagation. n Z u j A . 4 K ; R Table A.1 — Cable arrangement describing the fire load D E A M I R R G P Tray number Outer diameter Number of cables O G E O mm B N 0 R 7 I 1 (top) 40 ≤ 12 0 P 1 A 1 , P 2 12 to 14 40 1 1 G T O 3 14 to 20 40 U N D P 4 14 to 20 30 O E T J U O 5 20 to 30 30 A P , E D J 6 20 to 30 15 A N A R P 7 30 to 40 10 G O M E A 8 (bottom) > 40 5 T B Š O I E O D A I N K , Arrangements of more cable trays each above the other ar e up to the applicant. O I A C K A I A.2.3.2 Arrangement N Z I S I N R A O Nozzle or nozzle-head and piping arrangement is up to the applicant as long as the following restrictions are G K R 0fulfilled: O 1 S A a) a minimum of eight cable trays above each other shall be used. The maximum number of cable trays A Z G I above each other protected per nozzle supply line shall be given in the manufacturer's design and Ž A J I E installation manual; B R R M S b) if only a single line of nozzles is to protect cable trays on both sides of the enclosure, if it sufficient to P A J N provide loaded cable trays only on one side of the enclosure during testing. On the other side plastic (e.g. E J PE, PP) cable insulation material shall be provided on otherwise empty trays to prove that the fire does N E not spread from the source side to the target side. C Š I R Tests shall be done both with the minimum and maximum nozzle to tray distances and maximum nozzle O K spacing. O N E JNozzles or nozzle-heads and supply lines have to respect an obstacle-free walk way running parallel to the Lcable trays O V Z The gas burner shall be placed in the middle between two adjacent nozzles (heads). O D

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A.2.3.3

Enclosure

An enclosure is required. The enclosure shall be of non-combustible material (class A1 in accordance with EN 13501-1:2007). The minimum size of the enclosure shall be as follows:

 height:

Minimum 200 mm above the top tray, but at least 2,2 m;

 length:

Given by the minimum length of cable trays required to be able to detect at least 0,5 m of unaffected cables at both ends plus 2 m at the side of air entrance and 1 m at the side of air outlet. All machinery needed to establish the ventilation shall be placed outside of the above described minimum length;

 width:

Minimum 1 600 mm.

Examples are given in Figure A.1. Dimensions in metres

a) Side view

b) Top view

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! A K I N S I R O K J O R B I N E D E V 3 A 1 N 0 2 A n Z u A j . 4 K ; R D E A M I R R G P O G E O B N 0 R 7 I 0 P c) Front view 1 A 1 , P 1 Key 1 G T O U N T1 to T15 thermocouple P D E O J1 gas burner T 2 pressure device U O A P , E D J Figure A.1 — Example for minimum dimensions of the fire test room A N A with the arrangement of cable trays and watermist nozzles R P G O M E A TA.2.3.4 Ventilation B Š O I E O All tests shall be carried out under a forced ventilation of at least 1 m/s longitudinal ventilation. D A I N K , O The ventilation shall be adjusted to the chosen value before the fire tests start and shall be kept constant I A C K I during the performance of the fire test. A N Z I S I N R Performing the tests under higher wind velocities is up to the applicant. A O G K R 0 O 1Testing under forced ventilation does not mean that the ventilation system does not have to be shut off in the S A real installation. This requirement as specified in 6.11 is still valid. A Z G I Ž A J A.2.3.5 Carrying out the test I E B R R M S A.2.3.5.1 General P A J N E J The pre-burn time shall be 5 min. During these 5 min a 250 kW gas burner shall be placed on the floor N E underneath the cable trays and shall be constantly burning. After this 5 min the gas burner shall be turned off. C Š I R O A.2.3.5.2 Carrying out the test with an automatic fire alarm system K O N The release of the watermist system shall take place 5 min after ignition. E J L O A.2.3.5.3 Carrying out the test without any fire alarm system (manual release system) V Z O D After the 15 min pre-burn time the watermist system shall be released.

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A reference test of the worst configuration shall be conducted.

A.2.4 Description of test apparatus The cable trays shall be of non-combustible material (class A1 according to EN 13501-1:2007). Position of the tray nearest bottom shall be at least 300 mm above floor. The cable trays shall have a width of at least 600 mm. The use of cable trays with a greater width is up to the applicant. The vertical distance between two cable trays of one set shall be at least 200 mm. Horizontal distance between the set of cable trays and the side wall of the enclosure shall be 200 mm. The test can be carried out either with one set of cable trays on one side of the enclosure or with two sets of cable trays on both sides of the enclosure. NOTE

Specifications for cable trays are under preparation.

A.2.5 Description of measuring equipment Velocity of wind due to ventilation shall be measured in the middle of the virtual volume of the free space of the walk-way. A thermocouple shall be placed within the plume of the initiating gas burner and the measured temperature shall be recorded all the test. Thermocouples shall be placed every 2,5 m along the cable trays in three lines. For wind velocities up to 2 m/s one line shall be placed in a 100 mm distance underneath the ceiling, one line shall be placed on the top of the set of cables in the second tray from the top. For wind velocities higher than 2 m/s an additional line shall be placed on the top of the set of cables in the fourth tray from the top. Thermocouples type K (shielded 3 mm) shall be used. Maximum sampling time shall be 2 s. The water pressure in the supply line shall be measured and recorded during all the test at a place in the line which is distanced from the supplying apparatus at least as far as the hydraulically most unfavourable nozzle. The water flow rate shall be measured and recorded throughout the test at a place between the supplying apparatus and the first nozzle.

A.2.6 Pass/fail criteria After 5 min from start of the water spray the 5 s temperature average of all temperatures measured shall be below 100 °C. After a duration of water spray of 15 min the s ystem shall be turned off. After turning off the system no visible flames and no smouldering fires are allowed. No re-ignition is allowed. The surveillance time for the check of re-ignition shall be at least 15 min. At least 0,5 m of cables at both ends shall be unaffected by the fire.

A.2.7 System design and applications covered Along the length of a cable gallery of more than 60 m s ectioning will be reasonable. If the sections are separated by a constructed fire-barrier of REI 90 (according to EN 13501-1:2007) the water supply and water storage has to be designed for a simultaneous release of one section only.

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! If the sectioning is done virtually (no existing fire barrier between the sections) the water supply and water A K Istorage has to be designed for a simultaneous release of up to two sections. In case of virtual sectioning N particular attention shall be given to the choice of the detection system with specific consideration of the S I maximum possible wind speed inside the cable gallery. R O K JTest results are valid for applications which show: O R B I  a smaller number of trays; N E D  fewer fire loads and plastic insulation material; E V 3 A 1 N  smaller wind velocities; 0 2 A n Z u A  smaller heights of enclosure; j . 4 K ; R  smaller width of enclosure; D E A M I R R G P  bigger water rates than used in the test; O G E O B N  higher pressures at the nozzle(head) with the lowest pressure than used in the test; 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1  cable trays smaller in width; , P 1 1 G T O  vertical distance between two cable adjacent trays greater U N P D O E T Jas tested. U O A P , E D JIf the test was performed with one set of cable trays each above the other an extrapolation for two sets of A N cable trays on both sides of an enclosure is not allowed but has to be considered as two independent single R A P G configurations. O M E A T B ŠObstacles of non-combustible material (e.g. switch gears) on the opposite side of the set of cable trays and O I not exceeding a maximum depth of 300 mm are covered by the test protocol without further testing provided E O D A I those do not encumber the water spray. A mandatory statement that this does not include any protection of N K ,the equipment inside the obstacle or to the obstacle itself shall be given to the customer. O I A C K A I N Z I S IA.3 Fire test protocol for office occupancies of Ordinary Hazard Group 1 N R A O G K R 0 O 1A.3.1 General S A A Z G IThis test method is intended for evaluating the fire performance of watermist systems equivalent to the fire Ž A performance of a sprinkler system for office and school occupancies belonging to Ordinary Hazard Group 1, J I E B R as defined in EN 12845:2004+A2:2009. R M S P A J N The test protocol is applicable to ceiling mounted automatic nozzles to be used in unlimited volumes with a E Jminimum hydraulic demand area of 72 m² or four nozzles in any case whichever requires the most water and N Ea minimum duration in accordance with EN 12845. The test protocol is applicable for horizontal, solid, flat C ceilings with heights of 2 m and above, up to the maximum ceiling height tested. Š I R O The purpose of the test protocol is to ensure an equivalent level of firefighting performance for the watermist K system in the test as described in this annex as compared to sprinkler systems installed in accordance with O N EN 12845. E J L O A relatively realistic office fuel package is employed in the test. As the fuel package is rather complex, the V Zreference testing with a prescribed sprinkler system serves also to indicate the baseline performance at each O different test facility and set-up. Thus, when setting up a test series, it is sufficient to replicate the office fuel D

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package as closely as practically possible. However, within one test series, all fuel packages shall be identical (make, type).

A.3.2 Office fuel package A.3.2.1

General

The office fuel package shall consist of typical office workstations with associated fuel loading. The complex geometry of the fuel package implies both horizontal and vertical spray shielding and substantial potential for fire growth beyond the initial sprinkler operation. The fuel package consists of the following elements: a)

two table plates;

b)

a padded wooden-frame chair;

c)

a wooden drawer under one table;

d)

files, books, a monitor and a keyboard on the table;

e)

plywood walls surrounding the tables;

f)

a gas burner and a wood crib for ignition.

The typical masses of the individual components shall be as listed in Table A.2. NOTE

The tolerance of all dimensions is 5 %.

Table A.2 — Office fire load Combustible material

Wood

Item

Table plates

56

Wall panel

30

Drawer

15

Chair (frame) Paper

Polyether foam

Electronics

typical mass kg

Filed paper

6 90

Books

5

Newspaper

1

Chair (padding)

1

Simulated files

1

Monitor and keyboard

16

A photograph of a typical fuel package is shown in Figure A.2. Below, each element is described in more detail.

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! A K I N S I R O K J O R B I N E D E V 3 A 1 N 0 2 A n Z u A j . 4 K ; R D E A M I R R G P O G E O B N 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1 1 G T O U N P D O E T J U O A P , E D J Figure A.2 — Overview of the office fuel package A N R A G P O M A.3.2.2 Tables E A T B Š O I The tables shall be constructed of two plain uncoated 22 mm thick chipboard plates, one m easuring E O D A I 304 cm × 76 cm × 76 cm, the other 152 cm × 108 cm × 76 cm, as given in Figure A.3. Also shown in N K ,Figure A.3 are the stands to which the table tops shall be attached by screws, and the position of the wooden O I A drawer, which also serves to support the table tops. C K A I N Z I S I N R A O G K R 0 O 1 S A A Z G I Ž A J I E B R R M S P A J N E J N E C Š I R O K O N E J L O V Z O D

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Dimensions in centimetres

Figure A.3 — Schematic presentation of the table construction A.3.2.3

Padded chair

The padded wooden chair shall be constructed of a plain wooden chair by attaching to it a 40 cm × 100 cm piece of cotton-covered polyether foam mattress with screws and washers. The front edge of the chair shall be positioned flush with the edge of table 1, and there shall be a 20 cm gap between the chair and table 2. The polyether foam and the cotton cover shall as follows: The mattresses should be made of non-fire retardant polyether and they should have a density of 3 approximately 33 kg/m . The cotton fabric should not be fire retardant treated and it should have an area 2 2 weight of 140 g/m to 180 g/m . When tested in accordance with ISO 5660-1, the polyether foam should give results as given in Table A.3. The frame of the bunk beds should be of steel nominally 2 mm thick.

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! A Table A.3 — Cone calorimeter test for foam in accordance with ISO 5660-1 K I N 2 S Test conditions Irradiance: 35 kW/m I R O Horizontal Position K J Sample thickness: 50 mm O R B No frame retainer should be used I N E Test results Time to ignition: 2 s to 6 s D E 2 3 min average Heat release rate HRR, q 180: (270 ± 50) kW/m V 3 A 1 N Effective heat of combustion: (28 ± 3) MJ/kg 0 2 A 2 n Z Total heat release: (50 ± 12) MJ/m u A j . 4 K ; R D E A M I R R A.3.2.4 Wooden drawer G P O G E O The drawer shall be m ade of 20 mm thick veneered chipboard, and have th e approximate measures of B N 0 R 7 I40 cm × 42 cm × 58 cm and an approximate weight of 14,6 kg. Steel supports shall be mounted to the bottom 0 P of the drawer to give the required elevation. The drawers shall be attached centrally 20 cm from the end of the 1 A 1 , Plarge table by four screws through the top of the table plate. 1 1 G T O U N A.3.2.5 Items on the table P D E O J T The combustible material on the table shall consist of paper packed in cardboard files, books, simulated U O A Pplastic files, a computer monitor and a keyboard. The items shall be arranged on the table as shown in , E D JFigure A.4. The simulated plastic files shall be of size 30 cm × 30 cm × 10 cm, cut out of the polyether foam of A N R A the fire test mattresses. A newspaper weighing approximately 900 g shall be placed above the ignition source. G P O M E A T B Š O I E O D A I N K , O I A C K A I N Z I S I N R A O G K R 0 O 1 S A A Z G I Ž A J I E B R R M S P A J N E J N E C Š I R O K O N E J L O V Z O D

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Figure A.4 — Layout of the combustible items on the table A.3.2.6

Walls

The plywood walls shall stand on the floor and be made of 4 mm thick uncoated plywood panels measuring 125 cm × 180 cm. Each wall shall extend 250 cm from the corner, and a 10 cm air gap shall be left between the table plate and the wall. The plywood panels shall be attached to solid non-combustible plates, measuring 125 cm × 180 cm. A.3.2.7

Conditioning of the fuel load

The fuel package elements should have a normal humidity content prior to the test, as obtained by storage indoor at (20 ± 5) °C for two weeks. A.3.2.8

The ignition source

The ignition shall be accomplished by a gas burner and a wood crib. The heat release rate of the burner shall be 30 kW. The wood crib shall be made of 16 wood (spruce or fir) sticks measuring 38 cm × 38 cm × 250 mm and arranged in four layers of alternating orientation inside a square steel pan of 30 cm × 30 cm × 10 cm.

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! 250 ml of heptane shall be poured into the pan to ensure the ignition of the crib. The pan and crib shall be A K Iplaced on the floor between the drawer and the wall, with the pan edge flush with the drawer edge. A N photograph of the ignition arrangement is shown in Figure A.5. S I R O The fire shall be ignited by applying a flame over the gas burner and switching on the gas flow. The burner K Jshall be operated for 300 s, independent of a sprinkler or watermist nozzle activation. O R B I N E D E V 3 A 1 N 0 2 A n Z u A j . 4 K ; R D E A M I R R G P O G E O B N 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1 1 G T O U N P D O E T J U O A P , E D J A N R A G P O M E A T B Š O I E O D A I N K , O I A C K A I N Z I S I N R A O G K R 0 O 1 S A A Z G I Ž A J I E B R R M S P A J N E J N Figure A.5 — The positioning of the gas burner and the wood crib with respect to the drawer E C Š I A.3.3 Reference sprinkler system R O K O A.3.3.1 General N E J LThe sprinkler system used in the reference tests shall be characterised as follows: O V Za) classification: Ordinary Hazard 1; O D

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2

b)

water flux: 5 l/min/m ;

c)

protected area per sprinkler: 12 m ;

d)

sprinkler arrangement: square grid (3,5 m spacing);

e)

sprinkler:

2

1)

type: pendent spray sprinkler in accordance with EN 12259-1, surface mounted on the ceiling with a flat escutcheon;

2)

thermal sensitivity: special response as specified in EN 12845;

3)

nominal K factor: 80;

4)

temperature rating: 68 °C.

These values represent the minimum values specified in EN 12845. Should that European Standard be modified, the specifications listed above shall be modified accordingly. The water supply shall be capable of supplying a flow rate of at least 300 l/min at an operating pressure of 0,563 bar. A.3.3.2 A.3.3.2.1

Test protocol General

The tests with the watermist system shall be conducted at maximum ceiling height, maximum spacing and minimum discharge condition. The system shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's design and installation manual, reflecting the maximum allowed time delay of water pressure build up of the system. An evaluation test of the worst case watermist configuration shall be conducted. A.3.3.2.2

Reference sprinkler tests

The sprinkler system shall be pressurised to be capable of supplying 0,56 bar immediately after operation of the first sprinkler. Upon activation of the first sprinkler, the flowing water pressure shall be maintained at a system operating pressure of 0,56 bar. The water flow shall be shut-off 30 min after the activation of the first sprinkler. Any remaining fire shall be manually extinguished and the fire damages shall be recorded. A.3.3.2.3

Watermist system tests

The tested system shall either be: a)

pressurised to its minimum operating pressure specified by the manufacturer. Upon activation of the first nozzle, the flowing water pressure shall be maintained at the minimum operating pressure for systems using a constant operating pressure. For systems with non constant operating pressure the pressure characteristics used in the test shall resemble the conditions of a real installation when supplying the required 72 m² and shall resemble the last 30 min of the operating time of the system;

b)

pressurised to the minimum stand-by pressure specified by the manufacturer. Upon activation of the first nozzle, the flowing water pressure shall be gradually increased to the minimum operating pressure, specified by the manufacturer. The delay time until the minimum operating pressure is reached shall correspond to the delay time expected in an actual installation.

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! The water flow shall be shut off 30 min after the activation of the first nozzle. Any remaining fire shall be A K Imanually extinguished and the fire damages shall be recorded. N S I R A.3.3.2.4 Test arrangement O K J The test programme (see 4.3) shall involve tests with ignitions under one nozzle and between four nozzles. O R The nozzle grids shall be installed with respect to the fire load as shown in Figure A.6. Nine nozzle locations B Ishall be used, which are denoted as Sp 1 to Sp 9. The location of Sp 1 is fixed and it is directly above the N Ewood crib. The other locations depend on the spacing X, but their symmetry shall be in accordance with D EFigure A.6. V 3 A 1 N 0 Minimum test facility requirements, if the system is to be used in rooms with unlimited size: Ceiling area 80 m², 2 A minimum 1 m from ceiling rim to test facility wall, sufficient ventilation or space. n Z u j A . 4 K If these conditions are not met, the watermist system shall only be installed in rooms with a maximum size ; R E D equal to the limits of the facility they are tested in. A M I R R G PFor fire tests with ignition under one nozzle, sprinklers shall be installed in locations Sp 1 to Sp 5. For fire tests O G with ignition between four nozzles, sprinklers shall be installed in locations Sp 6 to SP 9. E O B N 0 R 7 IThe sprinklers shall be installed with their yoke arms parallel to the chair backrest. 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1 1 G T O U N P D O E T J U O A P , E D J A N R A G P O M E A T B Š O I E O D A I N K , O I A C K A I N Z I S I N R A O G K R 0 O 1 S A A Z G I Ž A J I E B R R M S P A J N E JKey N crib 3 monitor E1 C 2 burner 4 plate thermocouple locations Š I TC Thermocouple locations Sp 1 to Sp 5 ignition under one nozzle R O Sp 6 to Sp 9 ignition between four nozzles K O N Figure A.6 — The arrangement of the nozzle grids, the fire load and the ceiling thermocouples E J L O A.3.3.2.5 Fire tests V Z O D The four fire tests as given in Table A.4 shall be conducted.

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Table A.4 — Fire tests

A.3.3.2.6

Test

Ignition location

Suppression system

REF-1

under 1

Reference sprinkler system

REF-2

between 4

Reference sprinkler system

WM-1

under 1

Tested watermist system

WM-2

between 4

Tested watermist system

Instrumentation

The following quantities shall be measured during the tests:

 gas temperature 75 mm below the ceiling surface at three locations (above ignition, above corner and above the monitor) with 0,5 mm bare K-type thermocouples (see Figure A.4). Each thermocouple shall be installed at the ceiling directly above the gap between the table plate and the wall panel. There shall be no direct impingement on the thermocouple by the nozzles;  water pressure at the ceiling level. The tests shall be recorded on video. The damages to the wall panels and the items on the table shall be photographed after each test, and they shall appear as part of the test report. A.3.3.3

Evaluation of test results

The performance of the tested watermist system shall be evaluated against the performance of the reference sprinkler system. The evaluation shall reflect the overall performance of both systems. Due to the complexity of the fuel package, the damages to the office fuel package shall be evaluated quantitatively. The evaluation shall consider at least the following items:

 the extent (by area) of consumed material and charring in the wall panels (50 %);  the number of combustible items on the table which have suffered fire damages (at least charring) (50 %). The percentages given in the brackets describe the extent to which the criterion goes into the pass/fail evaluation. The total damages of the tests REF-1 and REF-2 shall be compared to the total damages of tests WM-1 and WM-2. The damages of each individual WM test shall be less than the damage in the worst of the REF tests. Critical judgement shall be exercised when evaluating the damages. The temperature curves m easured during the test shall be avera ged over 30 s (maximum time between measurements 1 s), and the peak temperatures shall be determined from the averaged curves. The average ceiling gas temperature shall be determined as the average over the three peak temperatures. The average ceiling gas temperatures of each individual WM test shall be less than the average ceiling gas temperature in the worst of the REF tests.

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! A.4 Test protocol for the firefighting performance in commercial kitchen of type deep A K Ifat fryers N S I R O A.4.1 General K J O This annex covers the performance during fire tests of fire extinguishing system units intended for the R B protection of commercial deep fat cooking fryers. Its intention is also to reduce the hazard to personnel under I fire conditions. N E D EThe protocol covers the area of the fryer and its close vicinity only and does not include surrounding areas V beyond that the system is intended to cover. 3 A 1 N 0 2 A n Z A product that contains features, characteristics, components, materials, or systems new or different from u A j . those in use when the standard was developed, and that involves a risk of fire shall be evaluated using the 4 K ; R appropriate additional component and end-product requirements as determined necessary to maintain the D E level of safety for the user of the product as originally anticipated by the intent of this standard. It is e.g. A M I assumed that the ventilation system is automatically shut off immediately after system activation. R R G P O G E O This test protocol includes protection of the cooking area, filters and exhaust hood and duct against fires B N 0 R originating from the fryer. Water mist systems that are not able to protect all these fire hazards shall be 7 I 0 Pinstalled with additional fire fighting equipment. 1 A 1 , P 1 1 G Manufacturers shall apply to this protocol for free standing fryers or wall placed fryers separately. T O U N P D NOTE 1 For fixed fire protection systems for professional kitchens national regulations can be available. O E J T U O In some countries it may be necessary that a copy of the approval certificate is present at the location. A PNOTE 2 , E D J NOTE 3 For all visible pipes, fittings, nozzles, detectors, extinguishing containers there are relevant regulations for food A N R A 2) G Pproduction operations (e.g. national regulation and EU-regulation 1935/2004/EC ). O M E A T B ŠA.4.2 Extinguishing Tests O I E O D A I A.4.2.1 General N K , O I A C K A.4.2.1.1 The dimensions of the appliance being tested shall correspond to the maximum dimensions A I N Z specified in the installation instructions. Manufactures shall specify all maximum and minimum dimensions, I S I N R including cooking oil capacity, pool size (length, width, height), oil depth. Specific test methods are described A O in A.4.2.4.2 and A.4.2.4.3. G K R 0 O 1 A.4.2.1.2 The dimensions of the appliance being tested shall correspond to the maximum dimensions S A A Z G Ispecified in the installation instructions. Ž A J I E A.4.2.1.3 Prior to the conduct of each extinguishing test the appliance shall be cleaned and provided with a B R R M S new cooking grease and oil. P A J N E JPer test a confirmation test shall be conducted. N E C A.4.2.2 Cooking area Description Š I R O A.4.2.2.1 The deep fat fryer used for this test shall be a representative mock up, with maximum K manufacturer specified oil depth, and having a maximum cooking surface area as specified in the O N manufacturer's installation instructions. For a deep fat fryer with an integral drip board, or the like, the E J L O V Z 2) REGULATION (EC) No 1935/2004 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 October 2004 O D on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and repealing Directives 80/590/EEC and 89/109/EEC. −

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calculated cooking area, along with the drip area, shall be as indicated in the manufacturer's installation instructions. The test enclosure should be sufficiently large and provided with adequate natural or forced ventilation during the fire test to ensure that enclosure effects (oxygen depletion, encapsulation of mist inside the walls) do not assist in the performance of the water mist nozzles. The oxygen concentration shall be measured at a position half-way from the closest wall − that is not attached to the deep fat fryer − to the centre of the fat of the tested fryer, at a height in level with the top edge of the fat, and should not be less than 20 % per volume at the time of system discharge. The floor of the test enclosure shall be flat, non-porous and non-combustible. A.4.2.2.2 All deep fat fryers mock ups tested in accordance with A.4.2.3.1 and A.4.2.3.3 to A.4.2.3.8 shall demonstrate a heating rate of not less than 7 °C and an average cooling rate of not more than 3 °C/min measured by means of a thermocouple. The average heating and cooling rates shall be determined by heating the oil in an uncovered fryer. The time required to heat the cooking oil from 260 °C to 315 °C shall be used to calculate temperature rise of the appliance. When the temperature of the oil reaches 325 °C the fryer's energy source shall be immediately shut off and the cooling rate of the oil (in degrees Celsius per minute) shall be measured (when the temperature of the cooking oil returns to 315 °C) between the temperatures of 315 °C and 260 °C. The mock up shall be tested with an ambient temperature of (21 ± 5) °C throughout the duration of the test. The thermocouple monitoring the oil temperature shall be installed as indicated in A.4.2.3.6. A.4.2.3

Fire testing criteria

A.4.2.3.1 Manufacturer shall specify if deep fat fryer shall be mounted near a wall or in the open or even in the corner. A.4.2.3.2 Manufacturer shall specify size, shape and position of hoods and shall specify ventilation conditions (automatic shutoff included). A.4.2.3.3 Multiple vat and split vat deep fat fryers shall be separately tested with the discharge nozzle positioned in the most difficult location and orientation allowed by the manufacturer's installation manual. A.4.2.3.4 Split vat fryers shall be tested wherein a vat(s) adjacent to the vat to be spontaneously ignited is filled with oil and heated to 175 °C to 190 °C. Energy shall be shut off for all vats after extinguishing system is actuated. A.4.2.3.5 The fryer shall be filled with new, unused cooking oil until the cooking oil level is 75 mm below the top edge of the fryer. For a deep fat fryer with an internal drip board, or the like, the oil level shall be at the fryer wall/drip board interface, when the cooking oil is at a temperature of 175 °C to 190 °C, but in no case less than 75 mm below the top edge of the fryer. A.4.2.3.6 The grease temperature during testing shall be measured with two thermocouples, one located 25 mm below the surface and one located 25 mm above the bottom of the fryer. The thermocouples shall be located not closer than 75 mm from any side of the fryer, if possible. A.4.2.3.7 The cooking oil in the fryer shall be heated until auto-ignition occurs. The heating source shall be shut off after the extinguishing system is actuated. The fire shall burn freely for a period of 2 min. After the free burn period the extinguishing system unit shall be manually discharged. A.4.2.3.8

Test shall be conducted at minimum discharge rate condition.

A.4.2.3.9 Test shall be conducted with minimum pressure at the unfavourable nozzle and with maximum spacing between nozzles, with each nozzle positioned in the most difficult location (in respect to the vertical and horizontal distance from the fire source) and orientation allowed by the manufacturer's installation instructions.

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! NOTE In the case of self contained systems the minimum pressure for the testing is the minimum starting pressure A K specified by the manufacture. The expected pressure declining over time should be taken into account. I N S I A.4.2.3.10 The system shall cause the flames to be extinguished within 2 min and shall not permit re-ignition R O of the oil. Upon end of discharge of the extinguishing agent the oil temperature shall be measured for at least K J20 min and temperature after thermal equilibrium, considering all the oil mixed, shall be at least 34 °C below O its observed auto-ignition temperature. R B I N EA.4.2.4 Splash testing criteria D E V A.4.2.4.1 When tested as described in A.4.2.3.2 to A.4.2.3.7, an extinguishing system unit shall: 3 A 1 N 0 2 A  cause the fire in a deep fat fryer to be completely extinguished; and n Z u A j . 4 K  cause no splashing of burning oil due to the extinguishing system unit operation, as evidenced by the ; R E presence of burning droplets of oil dispersed outside the fryer. D A M I R R The deep fat fryer used for this test shall be as specified in A.4.2.2. G PA.4.2.4.2 O G E O B N A.4.2.4.3 The splash test shall be conducted using the maximum discharge rate condition (maximum 0 R 7 Ipressure specified by the manufacturer). 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1 A.4.2.4..4 The nozzle shall be located at the minimum height specified by the manufacturer's installation 1 G manual and positioned in the orientation most likely to create splashing of hot oil. T O U N P D O E A.4.2.4.5 The fryer shall be filled with oil until the cooking oil level is 75 mm below the top edge of the fryer. T J U O A P A.4.2.4.6 The oil temperature during testing shall be measured with a thermocouple as specified in , E D J A.4.2.3.6. A N R A G P A.4.2.4.7 A clean surface at least 300 mm wide shall be prepared around the cooking appliance to detect O M E A Tsplashing oil. The cooking oil in the fryer shall be heated until auto-ignition occurs. At the end of 2 min free B Š O Iburn the fryer's internal heating source is shut off and the extinguishing system shall be actuated. E O D A I A.4.2.4.8 When the extinguishing system unit has been discharged the discharge effects shall be observed N K , O to determine compliance with the requirements in A.4.3.1. I A C K A I N Z I S IA.4.2.5 Filters N R A O G K The filter frame shall be a "V" type extending the full length of the hood. The bottom portion of R 0A.4.2.5.1 O 1the filter frame shall be constructed of 50 mm × 50 mm angle iron having a minimum thickness of 3 mm. Steel S A mesh type filters 50 mm thick shall be installed in the frame. Filters shall be installed at a (45 ± 10)° inclined A Z G Iposition on both sides of the "V". During the extinguishment tests, the cooking appliance shall be located Ž A J below the hood and filters. The hood and filters shall extend beyond each end of the appliance, see I E B R Figure A.7. R M S P A J N NOTE The filter frame is not required to be a "V" type when another type of filter frame configuration, such as one E Jusing a single bank of filters, is specified in the installation instructions. N E C Š I R O K O N E J L O V Z O D

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Dimensions in metres

Key 1 2

filters (thickness 50,8 mm) hood

6 7

3 4 5

dam (12,7 mm) − optional angle iron supports to minimize warping (typical) Access ports, provided every 2,43 m or less

8 9 X

damper blower capable of providing min. 2,54 m/s to 5,08 m/s air velocity through duct sealant welded seam, all around view A

Figure A.7 — Typical example for the test apparatus A.4.2.5.2 Filters shall be loaded with cooking grease. The filters shall be loaded with a minimum of 2 3,7 kg/m of filter area. A.4.2.5.3 The ignition of the grease shall be initiated by external heat sources. Gas burners, hand held propane torches or similar items are sources of ignition. A.4.2.5.4 When ignition occurs, the ignition sources shall be shut down. After all filters are involved in flames a 30 s free burning time shall be applied. After the free burn period the extinguishing system unit shall be manually actuated. A.4.2.5.5

Test shall be conducted at minimum discharge rate condition.

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! A.4.2.5.6 Test shall be conducted with maximum spacing between nozzles, with each nozzle positioned in A K the most unfavourable location (in respect to the vertical and horizontal distance from the fire source) and I N orientation allowed by the manufacturer's installation instructions (see A.4.2.3.9). S I R O A.4.2.5.7 Upon complete discharge of the extinguishing agent the system shall cause the flames to be K Jcompletely extinguished. Filter shall be examined and grease shall be present to the extent that the grease O was capable of sustaining the fire had it not been extinguished. R B I N EA.4.2.6 Exhaust duct and filters D E V A.4.2.6.1 Filters shall be loaded with cooking grease. The filters shall be loaded with a minimum of 3 A 2 1 N 0 3,7 kg/m of filter area. 2 A n Z u A The duct shall be rectangular or round, and an extinguishing system unit tested using a rectangular duct is j . K 4 capable of being used with a round duct having a circumference equal to or less than the perimeter of the ; R rectangular duct. An extinguishing system unit to be used with round ducts only shall be tested using a round D E A M Iduct only. See Figure A.7. R R G P O G A.4.2.6.2 The duct perimeter shall be the maximum as specified in the installation instructions. E O B N 0 R 7 IA.4.2.6.3 The minimum length of the exhaust duct mock up shall be the maximum distance of two nozzles 0 P 1 A 1 specified by manufacturer but not less than 6,1 m access port shall be provided at least every 2,5 m along the , P 1 duct to permit inspection and greasing of the duct. Maximum duct cross sectional area shall be specified by 1 G manufacturer. Where changing of directions in the ducts take place this should be tested or additional nozzles T O U N shall be required by the manufactures design and installation manual. P D O E T J A.4.2.6.4 Exhaust duct mock up shall include a 1 m high riser at one end. Other end shall be connected to U O A P an extract system or remain open to avoid accumulation of smoke inside exhaust duct. , E D J A N R A A.4.2.6.5 Systems designed to provide fire protection with exhaust blower connected during discharge shall G P include, at the outlet of the duct, an exhaust blower and damper to permit adjustment of air velocity through O M E A Tthe filters and duct. Blower shall be able to provide the maximum air speed, defined by the manufacturer. B Š O I E O A.4.2.6.6 Exhaust duct shall be fuelled with cooking grease. D A I N K , O Previous testing has indicated that external heating sources applied under the hood and generating a heat I A C K output of between 15 800 kJ/min and 21 100 kJ/min is capable of igniting the hood area. The ignition of the A I N Z grease in the deep fat fryer shall be made using the fryer's internal or an external heating source. Flammable I S I N R liquids, such as diesel fuel or gasoline are not to be used as ignition sources for the hood and duct. A O G K R 0 O 1The ignition occurs when the temperature at the 3,6 m thermocouple reaches at least 871 °C or when the S A temperature at the 3,6 m thermocouple reaches at least 649 °C, whichever occurs first. A Z G I ŽA.4.2.6.7 A The ignition of the grease shall be initiated by external heat sources. Gas burners, hand held J I E propane torches or similar items are sources of ignition. B R R M S P A A.4.2.6.8 When ignition occurs, the ignition sources shall be shut down. After all filters are involved in J N E Jflames a 30 s free burning time shall be applied. After the free burn period the extinguishing system unit shall N Ebe manually discharged. Ignition is defined when all thermocouples inside exhaust duct are above 870 °C. C Š I A.4.2.6.9 Test shall be conducted at minimum discharge rate condition. R O K A.4.2.6.10 Test shall be conducted with maximum spacing between nozzles, with each nozzle positioned in O N the most unfavourable location (in respect to the vertical and horizontal distance from the fire source) and E Jorientation allowed by the manufacturer's installation instructions (see A.4.2.3.9). L O V Z O D

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A.4.2.6.11 Upon complete discharge of the extinguishing agent the system shall cause the flames to be completely extinguished. Exhaust duct shall be examined and grease shall be present to the extent that the grease was capable of sustaining the fire had it not been extinguished.

A.4.3 Test report A.4.3.1 The test report shall be as comprehensive as possible and shall include any observations made during the test and comments on any difficulties experienced during testing. The units for all measurements shall be clearly stated in the report. A.4.3.2

The following essential information, as applicable, shall also be given in the test report:

 name and address of test laboratory;  name and address of manufacturer/supplier;  date of the test;  operator of the test;  trade name and identification code or number of the extinguishing system tested;  type, dimension and precise deep fat fryer used;  type and properties (auto ignition temperature, flash point, heat capacity);  discharge rate during the test, in kilograms per second;  discharge pressure during the test, in megapascals at the most unfavourable nozzle;  discharge temperature of the agent during the test in degrees Celsius;  observation and classification corresponding to A.4.2.2;  any remarks observed during testing.

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! A Annex B K I (informative) N S I R O K Guidelines for developing representative fire test procedures for J O watermist systems R B I N E D E V B.1 General 3 A 1 N 0 2 A Current understanding of the performance of watermist systems does not warrant the design of systems from n Z u A j . first principles. The basic design and installation parameters of all watermist systems should therefore be 4 K obtained from performance tests. ; R E D A M I Performance test procedures may be generic to a certain fire hazard class, as defined in EN 12845, or they R R G Pmay be particular to an application within a fire hazard class. Where possible, an application specific test O G E O procedure should be preferred to a generic procedure. B N 0 R 7 I 0 PThese guidelines provide information on developing, carrying out and documenting a fire performance test 1 A 1 procedure for a representative application. , P 1 1 G T O The design of a test procedure should be in accordance with the established scientific and engineering U N D P principles of fire protection that incorporate widely accepted methods, empirical data, calculations, correlations O E T Jand com puter models, as exemplified b y the ISO/TR 13387-1 to ISO/TR 13387-8 ser ies, Fire safety U O engineering , and as contained in engineering textbooks and technical literature. A P , E D J A N The intent of these guidelines is to encourage the development of fire test procedures that: R A P G O M a) are based on a fire protection engineering evaluation of the fire hazard, the compartment conditions, and E A T B the performance objectives for the watermist system; Š O I E O D A b) are developed, carried out, and interpreted by qualified fire testing laboratories. I K N , O I A Figure B.1 shows the process as a simple flowchart. The chart identifies the steps of the process, as well as C K I the main output from each step. Below, the steps are discussed in more detail. A N Z I S I N R A O G K R 0B.2 Evaluation of the fire hazard O 1 S A A Z The evaluation of the fire hazards should result in a list of possible design fires. The design fires should be G I Ž A defined at least in terms of: J I E B R R M a) fuel (e.g. wood, plastics, cable, flammable liquid, gas); S A P N J b) arrangement (e.g. crib, pile, shelved storage, pool, flowing fire, spray); E J N E c) size (dimension of the fuel array, area of the pool, or flow rate of a flowing or a spray fire); C Š I R d) obstructions to water sprays; O K O e) ignition source/procedure. N E J L O V Z O D

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Figure B.1 — Process of developing a fire test procedure

B.3 Evaluation of the compartment conditions From a fire dynamics point of view, the term "compartment conditions" is primarily related to whether the fire is fuel controlled (an open fire) or ventilation controlled (an enclosed fire). The case of fuel controlled fires may apply either to sprinkler-type area protection applications, or dedicated local application protection systems. For such applications, the test protocol should be designed to demonstrate that a fire can be controlled or suppressed involving nozzles within a certain design area, used as one of the basic parameters for hydraulic dimensioning. The case of ventilation controlled fire applies to fires inside enclosure that may be fully closed or that may have small ventilation openings. It has been shown that in such cases, watermist has properties that are somewhat similar to gas fire extinguishing systems; the properties are pronounced for fires that are large with 3 3 respect to the enclosure volume (of the order of 1 kW/m to 2 kW/m or larger). The key enclosure parameters are the following:

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! a) enclosure volume; A K I N b) air exchange rate for forced ventilation; S I R O c) vent dimensions and orientation for natural ventilation. K J O R For both fuel and ventilation controlled fires, the ambient conditions (temperature, moisture, air flow) B Isurrounding the hazard, and the fire resistance and tightness of structures close to the hazard need to be N Eevaluated. D E V 3 A 1 N 0 B.4 Determining the performance objective 2 A n Z u A j This European Standard defines the firefighting performance objective of a watermist system in terms of fire . 4 K extinguishment, fire suppression and fire control, as defined in Clause 3. ; R E D A M IDepending on the test objective, other parameters might be included to evaluate system performance in R R G Paddition to the above-mentioned performance objectives. These include: O G E O B N  structural integrity; 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1  damage to sensitive equipment or systems; , P 1 1 G T O  smoke damage; U N D P O E T J  water damage; U O P A , E  visibility; D J A N R A G P  tenability; O M E A T B Š  flash-over prevention. O I E O D A I Regarding fire extinguishment, it should be understood that no system can be 100 % reliable in practice. N K ,Thus, systems that are nominally tested for fire extinguishment in a fire performance test have a finite O I A probability of failing to extinguish a fire in the real installation. For comparison, gas-based firefighting systems C K A I are generally regarded as fire extinguishing systems, even though they can fail due to conditions that do not N Z I S Icorrespond to the test case (such as an open door). When a watermist system is tested for the purpose of fire N R A O extinguishment, special attention should be given to maximise the probability of fire extinguishment in real G K R 0applications. One way of doing this is to test against a number of fire and ignition scenarios, and to use a O 1range of watermist system parameters to find out the optimum range for installations. S A A Z G I Another issue is related to differentiating between "suppression" and "control". The use of oxygen Ž A J I E consumption calorimetry in a fire test would be the quantitative way to measure the performance with respect B R R M to suppression or control, but this may be unavailable or difficult to implement, and judgement on suppression S A or control may be based on indirect instrumental evidence, such as thermocouple data, and/or extent of fire P N J spread in the fuel array. Sometimes tests can be conducted for a reference system to establish the required E J performance. Such a reference system could be for example a sprinkler system, or a deluge water spray N Esystem. C Š I R O K B.5 Setting up the fire test procedure O N E JThe fire test procedure should make use of the list of design fires, and be instrumented so as to quantitatively L O verify system performance. All relevant aspects of the preceeding evaluation steps should be considered in V Zsetting up the fire test procedure. O D

The set of test fires should include:

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a)

the anticipated worst-case fires with respect to possible consequences;

b)

fires of greatest challenge to the tested watermist system with respect to the particular application.

It should be understood that fires falling under a) will not necessarily be the same fires that will fall under b). An example is provided by a large fire in an enclosure of limited volume, which could be severe with respect to the enclosure, but quite easy to extinguish with a suitable watermist system. The purpose of b) is to find the performance limits of the tested system, and thereby to give guidance on how to interpret the test results and possibly extend the field of applicability of the results. From the above, it should be clear that a fire test procedure should include several different fire scenarios. Using several different test fires will ensure that a watermist system is not optimised to perform well in one favourable fire scenario. Where possible, a free-burn test should be included in the fire test procedure. The free-burn test serves to indicate that the fire load will provide a challenge to the tested watermist system, and it will also provide a baseline for evaluating the effectiveness of the watermist system. The fire test procedure should also consider the possibility of different ignition scenarios. Normally, a fire test procedure involves one standard way of igniting the test fires. However, the fire development may be significantly affected by the size of the ignition source, or even the number of ignition sources. Care should be taken to consider all aspects of the evaluations in the fire test procedure. For example, if the test fires are fuel controlled fires, the test should be carried out in a sufficiently large enclosure to prevent oxygen depletion from favourably affecting the performance of the tested system, and the test should be appropriately instrumented to verify this. The fuel package should be defined in detail so that the test can be reproduced. The watermist system should be operated in the tests using:

 maximum nozzle spacing;  maximum ceiling height, or maximum distance to hazard;  minimum pressure at nozzles;  additives, as intended to be used in real installation;  minimum horizontal and vertical distance and size of obstructions close to nozzles. If necessary to fully determine the limits of installation parameters (typically for local application systems), fire tests should also be conducted using:

 the minimum nozzle spacing;  the minimum ceiling height, or minimum distance to hazard;  the maximum pressure at nozzles. Additional tests should be carried out for special conditions, such as sloped or curved ceilings. It is important that the same type of nozzle is subjected to all tests included in the series. There should be no tailoring of nozzle designs to particular scenarios within a test series. Where applicable (such as in open space fire tests), fire tests should be conducted with the ignition point located under one nozzle, between two nozzles, and between four nozzles, to test for a possible weak point in the water distribution.

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! The intention of this document is not to cover testing of fire detection system. Where a deluge watermist A K Isystem is activated automatically, watermist system specifications should include the shortest and the longest N detection times within which the system can control, suppress or extinguish the fires in accordance with the S I fire performance objective. These time limits should be derived from fire performance tests conducted using R O different pre-burn times. The design of the fire detection system should ensure that appropriate nozzles are K Jactivated and that the detection times are in accordance with the limits found in a fire test. O R B IDepending on the application the failure mode testing can be considered as an option. The most common N Efailure mode test is a disabled nozzle test, where it is assumed that one nozzle close to the fire fails to D effectively deliver watermist, for example due to clogging of the nozzle, or by physical obstructions close to the E nozzle. In a failure mode test, criteria developed for normal mode tests can be relaxed. V 3 A 1 N 0 2 A n Z u A B.6 Carrying out the test j . K 4 ; R The facility carrying out the tests should demonstrate that it operates a quality system, and that it is technically D E A M Icompetent and able to generate technically valid results. Relevant requirements are given in R R G PEN ISO/IEC 17025. O G E O B N Of particular importance with respect to testing of watermist fire suppression systems are the following: 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 a) comprehensive understanding of watermist technology; , P 1 1 G b) ability to properly condition and characterize the fuels; T O U N P D O E T Jc) use of appropriate instrumentation and methodology to verify the compliance or non-compliance with the U O pass/fail criteria. A P , E D J A N R A G PB.7 Documentation and interpretation of test results O M E A T B ŠThe results of the fire test series should be documented in a test report prepared in accordance with 5.10 of O I EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005. The test report should contain at least the following information, unless the E O D A I laboratory has valid reasons for not doing so: N K , O I A a) title; C K A I N Z I S Ib) name and address of the laboratory, and the location where the tests were carried out, if different from N R the address of the laboratory; A O G K R 0 O 1c) unique identification of the test report (such as the serial number), and on each page an identification in S A order to ensure that the page is recognized as a part of the test report, and a clear identification of the A Z G I end of the test report; Ž A J E I B R d) name and address of the client; R M S A P N J e) description of the method used; E J N Ef) description, condition and unambiguous identification of the item(s) tested; C Š I R g) the date of receipt of the test item(s) where this is critical to the validity and application of the results, and O K the date(s) of performance of the test; O N E Jh) reference to the sampling plan and procedures used by the laboratory or other bodies where these are L relevant to the validity or application of the results; O V Z i) test results with, where appropriate, the units of measurement; O D

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j)

statement of compliance/non-compliance with requirements and/or specifications;

k)

name(s), function(s) and signature(s) or equivalent identification of person(s) authorizing the test report;

l)

where relevant, a statement to the effect that the results relate only to the items tested.

It should be noted that e) contains the word "description" instead of "identification", as these guidelines are intended to be used for developing new fire test procedures. Also, j) is considered mandatory in this context, whereas EN ISO/IEC 17025 lists statement of compliance or non-compliance as an optional item. In addition, test reports should, where necessary for the interpretation of the test results, include the following: m) information on specific test conditions, e.g. environmental conditions; n)

where applicable, a statement on the estimated uncertainty of measurement; information on uncertainty is needed in test reports when it is relevant to the validity or application of the test results, when a client's instruction so requires, or when the uncertainty affects compliance to specification limits;

o)

where appropriate and needed, opinions and interpretations;

p)

additional information which can be required by specific methods, clients or groups of clients.

When opinions and interpretations are included, the laboratory should document the basis upon which the opinions and interpretations have been made. Opinions and interpretations should be clearly marked as such in a test report. Opinions and interpretations included in a test report can comprise, but not be limited to: q)

an opinion on the statement of compliance/non-compliance of the results with requirements;

r)

fulfilment of contractual requirements;

s)

recommendations on how to use the results;

t)

guidance used for improvements.

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! A Annex C K I (informative) N S I R O K Determination of drop size distribution J O R B I N E D E C.1 Parameters V 3 A 1 N 0 2 A C.1.1 Mean diameters n Z u j A . 4 K n ; R p E Di D A M I ( p −q ) D pq = i −n1 R R G P O G Diq E O B N i −1 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 where , P 1 1 G n is the number of drops in sample; T O U N th P D Di is the diameter of the i drop; E O J T q, p are the integers 1, 2, 3 or 4 p > q; U O A P , E D J p q A N is the summation of Di or Di representing all drops in the sample. A R P i G O M E A T B ŠMore common representative diameters are: O I E O D A I D 10 linear mean diameter; N K , O I A D 20 surface area mean diameter, i.e. the diameter of a drop whose area, if multiplied by the number of C K A I drops, equals the total area of the sample; N Z I S I N R D 30 volume mean diameter, i.e. the diameter of a drop whose volume, if multiplied by the number of A O G K drops, equals the total volume of the sample; R 0 O 1 S A D volume/surface mean diameter (Sauter Mean Diameter SMD), i.e. the diameter of a drop whose ratio A Z 32 of volume to surface area, is the same as that of the entire sample. G I Ž A J I E B R C.1.2 Representative diameters R M S A P N J Dvf drop diameter such that the fraction, f , of total liquid volume is in drops of smaller diameter; E J th N EDkub upper-boundary diameter of drops in the k size class; C th Š IDklb lower-boundary diameter of drops in the k size class. R O K O C.2 Test data N E J L O This annex gives guidance to calculate appropriate sample size, size class widths, characteristics drop sizes V Zand dispersion measure of drop size distribution i . Drop size distribution measurements should be carried for O each watermist nozzle, at least, at locations illustrated at Figure C.1 measured at a plane 1 m from nozzle. D

∑

∑

∑

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The accuracy of and correction procedures for measurements of drops using particular equipment are not part of this practice.

Figure C.1 — Droplet size measurements locations

C.3 Data processing The following calculations should be made at every location. Mean values should be obtained from data of all locations to obtain representative values of a spray. Report the largest and smallest drops of the entire sample, the number of drops in each size class, and the class boundaries. The ratio of the volume of the largest drop to the total volume of the liquid in the sample should be less than the tolerable fractional error in the desired representation (usually less than 1 %). All of the drops of the sample at the large-drop end of the distribution should be measured. D 3 max 3 n × D30

x 100 < 1,0

example : 6 532 3 6 109 × 1 832,4 3

x 100 = 0,74 < 1,0

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! 99 % of the volume of liquid represented by data should be in size classes such that no size class has A K Iboundaries with a ratio greater than 1,5. For the majority of size classes, this ratio should not exceed 1,25. N The criteria may be relaxed for measurements where the degree of accuracy is unattainable: S I R th O  (Dkub - Dklb )/(Dkub + Dklb ) multiplied by the liquid volume in the k class and divided by the total volume of K J liquid in the sample should be less than 0,05 for every class, O R B I  Calculate D32 D30, D20, D10; N E D  Calculate volume percentage in each class: E V 3 A N K 1 N 0 2 A Di3 n Z u A j Volume % K = i −1 × 100 . K N 4 ; R Di3 E D i −1 A M I R R G P O G where E O B N 0 R N K is the number of drops in class K ; 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1  Calculate cumulative volume percentage: 1 G T O U N P D O E T J U O A P , E D J A N R A G P O M E A T B Š O I E O D A I N K , O I A C K A I N Z I S I N R A O G K R 0Key O 1 S A 1 cumulative volume, in percent A Z G I2 volume, in percent Ž A J E I B R Figure C.2 — Calculation of the volume fraction R M S P A J N  Calculate Dv0,1,Dv0,5,Dv0,9 from graph or by curve fitting distribution to a mathematical function; E J N E  Calculate relative Span which gives notion on distribution dispersion: C Š I R OS PAN = Dv 0,9 − Dv 0,1 . K Dv 0,5 O N E J L O V Z O D

∑ ∑

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Table C.1 — Sample data calculation Diameter µm

Class Ratio

Sum of

Drops

Width

D i

r

in each size class

Di

Di

2

Di

3

Vol. %

Cum. %

in Class

by Vol.

288,0

360,0

72,0

1,25

65

2,1060E+04

6,8515E+06

2,2381E+09

0,006

0,006

360,0

450,0

90,0

1,25

119

4,8195E+04

1,9599E+07

8,0028E+09

0,021

0,027

450,0

562,5

112,5

1,25

232

1,1745E+05

5,9704E+07

3,0473E+10

0,081

0,108

562,5

703,0

140,5

1,25

410

2,5943E+05

1,6483E+08

1,0515E+11

0,280

0,388

703,0

878,0

175,0

1,25

629

4,9722E+05

3,9466E+08

3,1452E+11

0,837

1,225

878,0

1 097,0

219,0

1,25

849

8,3839E+05

8,3130E+08

8,2761E+11

2,202

3,427

1 097,0

1 371,0

274,0

1,25

990

1,2217E+06

1,5137E+09

1,8832E+12

5,010

8,437

1 371,0

1 713,0

342,0

1,25

981

1,5127E+06

2,3421E+09

3,6411E+12

9,687

18,124

1 713,0

2 141,0

428,0

1,25

825

1,5898E+06

3,0761E+09

5,9762E+12

15,900

34,024

2 141,0

2 676,0

535,0

1,25

579

1,3945E+06

3,3725E+09

8,1892E+12

21,788

55,812

2 676,0

3 345,0

669,0

1,25

297

8,9412E+05

2,7028E+09

8,2035E+12

21,826

77,637

3 345,0

4 181,0

836,0

1,25

111

4,1769E+05

1,5782E+09

5,9876E+12

15,930

93,567

4 181,0

5 226,0

1 045,0

1,25

21

9,8774E+04

4,6649E+08

2,2121E+12

5,885

99,453

5 226,0

6 532,0

1 306,0

1,25

1

5,8790E+03

3,4705E+07

2,0570E+11

0,547

100,000









6 109

8,9169E+06

1,6564E+10

3,7587E+13





Typical calculation results: D10 = 1 459,63

Dv0,1 = 1 550,82

D20 = 1 646,62

Dv0,5 = 2 587,33

D30 = 1 832,40

Dv0,9 = 3 585,22

SPAN = 0,79

D32 = 2 269,22

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! A Annex D K I (informative) N S I R O K Testing of nozzles J O R B I N ETable D.1 gives the tests for open and closed nozzles. D E V 3 A Table D.1 — Nozzle tests 1 N 0 2 A n Z Test Open Nozzles u A j . K 4 1) Operating temperatures ; R D E  A M I R R G P O G 2) Water flow K= Q/√P E O B N where 0 R 7 I P = pressure, in bar; 0 P 1 A 1 Q = litres per minute. , P 1 1 G 3) Water distribution Water distribution of nozzles should T O comply with distribution of nozzles N U P D from fire tests. O E J T 4) Water droplet size Water droplet size should comply with U O A P nozzles used in fire tests ± 10 %. , E D J A N 5) Functional tests Tests conducted at 75 %, 100 %, R A P 125 % of the recommended minimum G operating pressure, with nozzles in O M E A installation positions advised by the T B Š manufacturer for the nozzle type. O I E O D A Protection cap released within 5 s of I K nozzle operation. N , O I A C K A I N Z I S I N R A O G K R 0 O 16) Strength of nozzle body S A A Z  G I Ž A J I E B R R M S 7) Strength of release element P A J N E J N  E C Š I R O K O N E J L O V Z O D

68

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Closed Nozzles X ± (0,035 X + 0,62) °C where X = normal release temperature. K= Q/√P where P = pressure, in bar; Q = litres per minute. Water distribution of nozzles should comply with distribution of nozzles from fire tests. Water droplet size should comply with nozzles used in fire tests ± 10 %. Tests conducted at 75 %, 100 %, 125 % of the recommended minimum operating pressure, with nozzles in installation positions advised by the manufacturer for the nozzle type. Operation within 5 s after response of release element. No lodgement of release parts after 10 s. Protection cap released within 5 s of nozzle operation. The nozzle should not show permanent elongation of more than 0,2 % between load bearing points after being subjected to twice the average service-load. The lower tolerance limit of bulb strength (0,99 confidence for 99 % of samples) > twice the upper tolerance limit of the bulb/nozzle assembly load including the highest calculated water pressure on nozzle (0,99 confidence for 99 % of samples).

CEN/TS 14972:2011 (E)


Table D.1 (continued ) 8) Leak resistance



No sign of leakage rupture operation or release of any parts, when tested at 1,5 times the design pressure, minimum 30 bar.



No damage to release element when tested at (20 ± 5) °C below nominal release temperature in water bath (< 93 °C), or oil (> 93 °C). Bath temperature increase < 20 °C/min. Temperature should then be increased with 1 °C/min until air-bubbles disappear. Test to be conducted four times with four nozzles. No damage to glass bulb may occur.

9) Heat exposure

10) Thermal shock



24 nozzles heated to (10 ± 2) °C below normal release temperature. After 5 min nozzles are moved into a (10 ± 1) °C water bath. Hereafter the nozzles should be functional tested in accordance with function test (5).

11) Stress Corrosion

12) Salt spray corrosion

5 × fully assembled, and non-coated nozzles and nozzle parts are exposed to the following tests:

5 × fully assembled, and non-coated nozzles and nozzle parts are exposed to the following tests:

Stress corrosion: Brass (Ammonia test);

Stress corrosion: Brass (Ammonia test);

Stress corrosion: Brass (mercury test);

Stress corrosion: Brass (mercury test);

Stress corrosion Stainless steel (Boiling magnesium chloride solution).

Stress corrosion Stainless steel (Boiling magnesium chloride solution).

5 × fully assembled nozzles.

5 × fully assembled nozzles.

After tests the nozzles are exposed to the maximum water pressure recommended for the nozzles in 30 min. No damage may occur.

After tests the nozzles are exposed to the maximum water pressure recommended for the nozzles in 30 min. No damage may occur.

Nozzles for non-corrosive environments

Nozzles for non-corrosive environments

Ten nozzles are exposed to a saltspray with 20 % mass sodium chloride, 35 °C for a period of ten days.

Ten nozzles are exposed to a saltspray with 20 % mass sodium chloride, 35 °C for a period of ten days.

Hereafter the nozzles are tested to comply with the acceptance requirements of tests 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.


Nozzles for corrosive environments

Nozzles for corrosive environments

Ten nozzles are exposed to a saltTen nozzles are exposed to a sal tsspray with 20 % mass sodium chloride, pray with 20 % mass sodium chloride, 35 °C for a period of 30 days. 35 °C for a period of 30 days. Hereafter the nozzles are tested to comply with the acceptance requirements of tests 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

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! A K I N S I13) Moist air exposure R O K J O R B I N E14) Water hammer D E V 3 A 1 N 0 2 A n Z u A j . 4 K ; R D E A M I 15) Dynamic heating (RTI, C) R R G P O G E O B N 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1 16) Resistance to heat 1 G T O U N P D O E T J U O A P , E D J A N R A G P O M E A T B Š O I E O D A I N K , O I A C K A I N Z I S I N R A O G K 17) Resistance to vibration R 0 O 1 S A A Z G I Ž A J I E B R R M S 18) Impact Test P A J N E J N E C Š I R O K O N E J L O V Z O D

70

Table D.1 (continued ) Ten nozzles are exposed to (98 ± 2) % Ten nozzles are exposed to (98 ± 2) % humidity, (95 ± 4) °C for 90 days. humidity, (95 ± 4) °C for 90 days. After the exposure the nozzles should comply with the acceptance requirements of tests 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

After the exposure the nozzles should comply with the acceptance requirements of tests 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8.



Nozzles should not leak when subjected to pressure surges from 4 bar to 1,5 times the design pressure with the minimum of 30 bar. They should show no signs of mechanical damage, when tested in accordance with EN 12259-1 and should operate within the limitations of test 5) at the minimum operating pressure.



The time response index and the RTIvalue should be measured in accordance with EN 12259-1 to be characterised within the corresponding fast response, special response, and standard response requirements.

One nozzle body should be heated in an oven at 800 °C for a period of 15 min with the nozzle in its normal installed position. Hereafter the nozzle is quickly immersed in a 15 °C water bath. The water bath should not heat more than 5 °C from the hot nozzle.

One open nozzle body should be heated in an oven at 800 °C for a period of 15 min with the nozzle in its normal installed position. Hereafter the nozzle is quickly immersed in a 15 °C water bath. The water bath should not heat more than 5 °C from the hot nozzle.

The nozzle should not show: Visual breakage or deformation, change in flow constant K of more than 5 %, or any changes exceeding 10 % in discharge characteristics of water droplets and droplet velocity at lowest operating pressure. Nozzle should visually not show more than 5 % variance in spray angle.

The nozzle should not show: Visual breakage or deformation, change in flow constant K of more than 5 %, or any changes exceeding 10 % in discharge characteristics of water droplets and droplet velocity at lowest operating pressure. Nozzle should visually not show more than 5 % variance in spray angle.

Five nozzles are vibration tested in accordance with EN 12259-1.

Five nozzles are vibration tested in accordance with EN 12259-1.

After the test the nozzles should show no visible deterioration and should meet the requirements of tests 2, 3, 4, 5.

After the test the nozzles should show no visible deterioration and should meet the requirements of tests 2, 3, 4, 5, 8.

Five nozzles are tested. A nozzle is placed on the nozzle inlet on a concrete base. A ball of steel, with the mass similar to the nozzles, is aimed to hit the nozzle with a free fall from 1 m above the nozzle.

Five nozzles are tested. A nozzle is placed on the nozzle inlet on a concrete base. A ball of steel, with the mass similar to the nozzles, is aimed to hit the nozzle with a free fall from 1 m above the nozzle.

After the test the nozzles should show After the test the nozzles should show no visual damage. The nozzles should no visual damage. The nozzles should comply with test 5. comply with tests 5 and 8.

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CEN/TS 14972:2011 (E)


Table D.1 (continued ) 19) Lateral discharge test



20) Thirty-day leakage test



Two nozzles are installed in accordance with the installation guidelines of the manufacture. A piece of paper is fitted around the heat sensitive element of the one nozzle, and the heat sensitive element is removed from the other sensitive element. It is checked that watermist from the open nozzle does not wet the paper at any water pressure, and any position of the nozzles within the manufactures guidelines. Five nozzles should be installed on water (water with agent) filled test line maintained under a constant pressure of 1,5 times the design pressure with the minimum of 30 bar for 30 days at an ambient temperature of (20 ± 5) °C. During the 30 days the nozzles may show no leaks. Hereafter the nozzles are functional tested in accordance with test 5).

21) Vacuum test



Three nozzles are submitted to a vacuum of 0,61 MPa applied to the nozzle inlet for 1 min at a temperature of (20 ± 5) °C. Following this test each sample is leakage tested in accordance with test 8).

Table D.2 — Contaminant for contaminated water cycling test Sieve designation a

Contaminant (± 5 %) b

Nominal sieve opening

g mm

Pipe scale

Top soil

Sand

No. 25

0,706



456

200

No. 50

0,297

82

82

327

No. 100

0,150

84

6

89

No. 200

0,074

81



21

No. 325

0,043

153



3

400

544

640

Total a

Sieve designations correspond with those specified in the standard for wire-cloth sieves for testing purposes, sieve sizes 25 mesh, 50 mesh, 100 mesh, 200 mesh and 325 mesh, see ISO 565. b

The amount of contaminant may be reduced by 50 % for nozzles limited to use with copper piping and by 90 % for nozzles limited to use with stainless steel piping.

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! A K I N S I R O K J O R B I N E D E V 3 A 1 N 0 2 A n Z u A j . 4 K ; R D E A M I R R G P O G E O B N 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1 1 G Key T O 1 pressure gauge U N P D E check valve O J2 T 3 flow control valve U O A P , E D J A N R A G P O M E A T B Š O I E O D A I N K , O I A C K A I N Z I S I N R A O G K R 0 O 1 S A A Z G I Ž A J I E B R R M S P A J N E J N E C Š I R O K O N E J L O V Z O D

72

4 5 6

flow meter fresh water supply pump

7 8 9

air line for agitating contaminated water nozzle port container

Figure D.1 — Clogging test apparatus

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CEN/TS 14972:2011 (E)


Annex E (informative) Function tests for acceptance and maintenance

NOTE

See Clause 9.

E.1 Preliminary function tests  Where a system is connected to a remote central alarm station, notify the station that the fire system test is to be conducted and that an emergency response by the fire department or alarm station personnel is not required. Notify all concerned personnel at the end-user's facility that a test is to be conducted and instruct them as to the sequence of operation.  Check each resettable detector for proper response.  Check that polarity has been observed on all polarised alarm devices and auxiliary relays.  Check that all end-of-line devices have been installed, where required, across all circuits.  Check all supervised circuits for correct fault response.

E.2 System function operational test  Operate detection initiating circuit(s). All alarm functions should occur according to the design specification.  Operate the necessary circuits to initiate a second alarm circuit if present. Verify all second alarm functions occur according to design specifications.  Operate manual release device. Verify that manual release functions occur according to design specifications.  Where appropriate, operate hold switch. Verify that functions occur according to design specifications.  Confirm that visual and audible supervisory signals are received at the control panel.  Function-check all resettable valves and activators, unless testing the valve will release extinguishant.  Where fitted, check pneumatic equipment for integrity to ensure proper operation.  Remote monitoring operations (if applicable).  Disconnect primary power supplies, operate one of each type of input device while on Standby power. Verify that an alarm signal is received at remote panel after device is operated.  Reconnect primary power supply.  Operate each type of alarm condition, and verify receipt of fault condition at the remote station.  Control panel primary power source.

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!  A K I N S I R  O K J O R  B I N E D E V 3 A 1 N 0 2 A n Z u A  j . K 4 ; R D E A M I R R G P O G E O B N 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1 1 G T O U N P D O E T J U O A P , E D J A N R A G P O M E A T B Š O I E O D A I N K , O I A C K A I N Z I S I N R A O G K R 0 O 1 S A A Z G I Ž A J I E B R R M S P A J N E J N E C Š I R O K O N E J L O V Z O D

74

Verify that the control panel is connected to a dedicated appropriate circuit and labelled properly. This panel should be readily accessible, yet restricted to unauthorised personnel. Test a primary power failure in accordance with the manufacturer's specification, with the system fully operated on standby power. Completion of functional test: When all functional tests are complete return the system to its fully operational design condition, notify the central alarm station and all concerned personnel at the end-user's facility that the fire system test is complete and that the system has been returned to full service condition by following the procedures specified in the manufacturers' specifications. Completion certificate and documentation: The installer should provide to the user a completion certificate, a complete set of instructions, calculations and drawings showing the system as installed, and a statement that the system complies with all the appropriate requirements of this standard, and giving details of any departure frown appropriate recommendations. The certificate should give the design concentrations and if carried out, the report of the door fan test.

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CEN/TS 14972:2011 (E)


Annex F (normative) Fire test procedure for certain occupancies Ordinary hazard group OH3

F.1 Object of the test F.1.1 General This test method is intended for evaluating the fire performance of water mist fire protection systems for certain occupancies, if the following conditions are fulfilled: a)

the maximum storage heights shown in Table F.1 shall not be exceeded;

b)

the maximum storage areas shall be 50 m for any single block, with not less than 2,4 m clearance around the block;

c)

storage with movable racks or shelves are excluded;

d)

the ceiling slope shall be less than 10°;

e)

the ceiling shall have a maximum height as tested, but not exceeding 8 m with a minimum clearance of 1 m;

f)

the ceiling shall be free of obstructions which may influence the spray pattern and fire loads, e.g. suspended open ceiling, lighting, cable trays.

2

The following occupancies are covered, if the conditions in a) to e) are fulfilled:

 shops, shopping centres, consumer markets with "storage" up to the limits as given in the conditions in a) to e) and Table F.1;  archives, file rooms, libraries, book stores;  selling rooms, store areaways, stores (except for selling rooms for furniture with expanded plastics);  small radio and TV communication studios;  technical centres, service rooms.

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! Table F.1 — Maximum storage height A K I N Maximum storage height S I R m O K a Free standing or block storage (ST1 ) All other cases (ST2 to ST6) J Storage Category O RI 4,0 3,5 B I 3,0 2,6 NII E DIII 2,1 1,7 E V 1,2 1,2 3 AIV 1 N 0 See classification in EN 12845:2004+A2:2009, Annexes B and C. 2 Aa n Z u A j . 4 K ; R The test procedure is applicable to ceiling mounted automatic nozzles to be used in unlimited areas with a D E A M Imaximum ceiling height as tested according to this fire test procedure. If the test procedure will be applied to R R G Pceiling heights lower than 4 m, the fuel packages of Figures F.1a) and F.1c) shall be lowered accordingly. O G E O B N F.1.2 General approach 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 The purpose of the test procedure is to test if a watermist system shows, as a minimum requirement, an , P 1 equivalent level of fire fighting capability as traditional sprinkler systems run at its minimum limit. It is not within 1 G T O the scope of this method to evaluate whether the requirements of local building regulations are fulfilled, e.g. to U N D P allow safe rescue and/or evacuation from the building. It is not within the scope of this method to evaluate the O E T Jreliability of the watermist system. To this end, fire tests shall be conducted using both a traditional sprinkler U O A Psystem and the tested water mist system. , E D J NOTE The fuel packages used in the fire test procedure are chosen based on the occupancies in the scope of the A N R A G Pdocument to provide generic, well-defined fuel packages. Standard EUR fire test commodities are used. The category of the commodities has been determined using the Nordtest method NT049 [2] as follows (max. 1 min total heat release O M E A Trate): B Š O I up to 3 200 kW;  category I: E O D A I  category II: more than 3 200 kW up to 5 100 kW; N K , O I A more than 5 100 kW up to 5 700 kW;  category III: C K A I N Z more than 5 700 kW up to 9 000 kW;  category IV: I S I N R A O more than 9 000 kW.  category Special Hazard: G K R 0 O 1 S A A Z F.2 Fuel packages G I Ž A J I E B R F.2.1 Commodities for the fire loads R M S P A J N Two different commodities shall be used in the tests: E J N E  The first commodity is called the EUR standard plastic commodity. It consists of empty polystyrene cups C without lids, placed upside down, in compartmented cartons, 120 cups per carton. The cartons measure Š I R 600 mm × 400 mm × 500 mm (L × W × H), and are made of single-wall, corrugated cardboard. When O compartmented, the cartons are divided into five layers by corrugated sheets, with each layer divided into K 24 compartments by overlocking corrugated cardboard partitions, forming a total of 120 compartments O N where the plastic cups are placed. E J L O  The second commodity is made up of empty, lightweight, cardboard boxes (thickness nominally 4 mm; V Z type "C-flute") placed on wooden pallets with dimensions in accordance with ISO 6780, stored inside with O D the moisture of (14 ± 2) %.

76

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F.2.2 Test set-up This test procedure utilizes the maximum storage allowances within OH3 as given in Table F.1. Table F.2 presents the four different scenarios that shall be tested. These are combinations of two different commodities, two different storage categories, and two different storage heights, yielding a fairly comprehensive span over the allowed storage configurations in OH3. The four different fuel packages are shown in Figures F.1a) to F.1c). NOTE 1 In this configuration the free standing target array should be supported from the back to prevent its collapse e.g. due to wetting. NOTE 2 End view on the left, top view on the right. This set of fuel packages is applicable for testing ceiling heights of 4 m and above.

Table F.2 — Storage heights used in the fire tests Test set up

Storage category

Storage height m

ST1 (block storage)

III

2,1

ST4 (palletized rack storage)

II

2,6

ST5 (rack with solid shelves)

III

1,7

The solid shelves shall have a solid back wall in the ST5 configuration and both shall be made of 2 mm thick steel.

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! A K I N S I R O K J O R B I N E D E V 3 A 1 N 0 2 A n Z u A j The top view also illustrates that the boxes are filled with polystyrene cups. The ignition at 1 m to 4 m. . NOTE 4 K R ; D E a) ST5 Cat III top view (left) and side view (right) with ignition point A M I R R G P O G E O B N 0 R 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 , P 1 1 G T O U N P D O E T J U O A P , E D J A N R A G P O M E A The top view also illustrates that the boxes are empty. The ignition at 1 m to 4 m. TNOTE B Š O I E O b) ST1 Cat III top view and side view with ignition point D A I N K , O I A C K A I N Z I S I N R A O G K R 0 O 1 S A A Z G I Ž A J I E B R R M S P A J N E J N E C Š INOTE The top view (left) also illustrates that the boxes are empty. The ignition at 1 m to 4 m. R O K c) ST4 Cat II top view (left) and side view (right) with ignition point O N E J Figure F.1 — Schematic drawings of the fuel packages L O V ZIn the case that the ceiling height at the tests exceeds 5,0 m an additional test for scenario b) with a clearance O of 1 m shall be done. D

78

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NOTE 3 For lower ceiling heights, the Cat II fuel packages should be lowered by removing topmost layers: For up to 3,5 m/3 m/2,5 m ceiling height, the ST5 Cat II fuel package shall be 2,5 m/2,0 m/1,5 m high.

F.2.3 Ignition source The ignition shall be performed using a 20 cm × 20 cm × 2 cm (high) steel tray filled with 120 ml of heptane. The tray shall be positioned at the floor level between the third and fourth cartons of the main fuel stack (see Figure F.1). For Category III ST1 tests the tray shall be placed so as to touch the cartons. For other tests the tray shall be positioned that the wall of the tray is half under the wooden pallet or the steel rack to achieve better contact between the flame and the front surfaces of the cartons.

F.3 Determination of acceptance criteria The reference sprinkler system shall be specified as follows. a)

classification: Ordinary Hazard 3 (OH3);

b)

design density with of 8 mm/min;

c)

sprinkler arrangement: square grid (3,5 m spacing);

d)

installed at a distance of (150 ± 10) mm from the ceiling;

e)

sprinklers of two manufacturers shall be used;

f)

sprinkler specification chosen by the authority having jurisdiction: 1)

type: pendent spray sprinkler;

2)

thermal sensitivity: Special Response (RTI 50 to 80);

3)

nominal K factor: 80;

4)

temperature rating: 68 °C;

5)

in accordance with EN 12259-1.

F.4 Test procedure F.4.1 General The tests with the water mist system shall be conducted at maximum ceiling height, maximum spacing and minimum nozzle pressure. The reference tests shall be conducted at the same ceiling height. The test protocol is applicable to ceiling mounted automatic nozzles that are used in unlimited volumes with a minimum hydraulic demand area of 216 m². If the system is used in rooms with unlimited size, the minimum test facility requirements include a minimum ceiling area of 12,5 m × 12,5 m, a minimum 1 m distance from ceiling rim to test facility wall and sufficient ventilation or space to ensure that the fires will not become ventilation controlled. If these conditions are not met, the water mist system shall only be installed in rooms with a maximum size equal to the limits of the facility they are tested in.

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! The fire test report should include details of the ventilation test, if conducted as a part of the test series, or A K Ialternatively, reference should be provided to a ventilation test that was performed at the same configuration N and ventilation conditions. S I R O K F.4.2 Fire tests J O The fire tests as given in Table F.3 shall be conducted. R B I N E Table F.3 — Fire test program D E V Storage configuration Category of Suppression Location of ignition 3 A commodity system 1 N 0 2 A ST1 Cat III REF Under 1 sprinkler n Z u A j . Between 4 sprinklers 4 K ; R D E Between 2 sprinklers a A M I R R MIST Under 1 sprinkler G P O G Between 4 sprinklers E O B N 0 R Between 2 sprinklers a 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 ST5 Cat III REF Under 1 sprinkler , P 1 1 G Between 4 sprinklers T O N U Between 2 sprinklers a P D E O J T MIST Under 1 sprinkler U O A P , E Between 4 sprinklers D J A N Between 2 sprinklers a R A P G ST4 Cat II REF Under 1 sprinkler O M E A T B Between 4 sprinklers Š O I E O Between 2 sprinklers a D A I N K MIST Under 1 sprinkler , O I A C K Between 4 sprinklers A I N Z a I S I Between 2 sprinklers N R A O a Ignition at the mean point between two sprinklers and the commodity should be arranged perpendicular to the line of G K R 0 sprinklers. O 1 S A A Z G I ŽThe tests shall be run for 30 min after activation. Any remaining fires shall be extinguished manually. A J I E B R R M S F.4.3 Instrumentation P A J N E JThe following quantities shall be measured during the tests: N E C  Gas temperature 75 mm below the ceiling surface at four locations 1,5 m from ignition shall be measured Š I with 0,5 mm bare K-type thermocouples. There shall be no direct water spray impingement on the R O thermocouples by the nozzles. K O N  Water pressure at the ceiling level at minimum four sprinklers next to the ignition point. The water flux E J shall be adjusted based on the lowest measured pressure. The pipework shall be designed as to L O minimise pressure losses. V Z O The sampling interval shall not exceed 1 s. D

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The tests shall be recorded on video. The damage to the fire load shall be photographed after each test, and the photographs shall appear as part of the test report.

F.5 Evaluation of the test results F.5.1 General The firefighting performance of the tested watermist system shall be evaluated against the performance of the reference sprinkler system.

F.5.2 Damage In Category II tests, the damage to an individual carton shall be estimated based on the internal compartments of each carton touched by the fire. If individual cartons cannot be readily resolved (often the case with ST1), internal divisions shall be collected to piles corresponding to the material contained by one carton. In Category III tests the basis for damage evaluation shall be the polystyrene cups only. A cup shall be judged to be damaged by the fire if a hole has appeared in it, or if the liquid capacity of the cup has decreased by more than 50 %. In each of the three scenarios the average damage of the MIST test shall not exceed the average damage of the corresponding REF set of tests. A tolerance of 5 % is in the accuracy of the damage estimation.

F.5.3 Temperature Temperature evaluation shall be based on the four ceiling gas thermocouples surrounding the point of ignition at 1,5 m radius. An average curve shall be ca lculated of the four curves and this curve s hall further be reduced to a single number by calculating an average over a period of 20 min starting from the activation of the first nozzle. For each scenario the highest temperature of the three MIST tests shall be less than the lowest temperature of the three REF tests.

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! A K I N S I R O K J[1] O R B I [2] N E D E[3] V 3 A 1 N 0 2 A [4] n Z u A j . 4 K [5] ; R D E A M I [6] R R G P O G E O B N 0 R [7] 7 I 0 P 1 A 1 [8] , P 1 1 G T O U N P D [9] O E J T U O A P , E D J[10] A N R A G P O M [11] E A T B Š O I [12] E O D A I N K , O I A [13] C K A I N Z I S I N R A O [14] G K R 0 O 1[15] S A A Z G I Ž A J I E [16] B R R M S [17] P A J N E J N E[18] C Š I R O K [19] O N E J L O V Z O D

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ISO/TR 13387-4:1999, Fire safety engineering generation of fire effluents ISO/TR 13387-5:1999, Fire safety engineering

Application of fire performance concepts to

2: Design fire scenarios and design fires 3: Assessment and verification of mathematical

5: Movement of fire effluents

― Part

― Part

ISO/TR 13387-8:1999, Fire safety engineering and condition

9: Requirements and test methods

Part 4: Initiation and development of fire and

― Part

ISO/TR 13387-6:1999, Fire safety engineering the enclosure of origin ISO/TR 13387-7:1999, Fire safety engineering

―

― Part

― Nominal

6: Structural response and fire spread beyond

7: Detection, activation and suppression

― Part

8: Life safety

― Occupant

behaviour, location

97/23/EC, Directive 97/23/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 May 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning pressure equipment 99/36/EC, Council Directive 1999/36/EC of 29 April 1999 on transportable pressure equipment

RACUN BROJ - 01039

CEN TS 14972

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