Chapter 1
What is the diference between an inormation system and a computer application? An information system is a set of interrelated computer components that collects, processes, stores and provides output of the information for business purposes anda computer application is a computer software program that executes on a computer device to carry out a specic function or set of related functions. What is the purpose o systems analysis? the process of studying a procedure or business in order to identify its goals and purposes and create systemsand procedures that will achieve them in an ecient way systems are created to solve problems. We need to see all sides of a problem to come up with an acceptable solution. Analysis involves studying the system and seeing how they interact with the entities outside as well as inside the system. We then come out with detailed specications of what the system will accomplish based on the user reuirements. reuirements. !ystems design will ta"e the reuirements and analysis into consideration and come out with a high level and low level design that will form the blue print to the actual solution to the problem in hand. What is the diference between systems analysis and systems design?
#erformed by Chief programmer #erformed by a !ystems Analyst $or !oftware architect or %ead developer& !ystem !pecication' everything !ystem Architecture' Architecture' everything about how it about what the proposed system will has to be built ( platform choice, database do, nothing about how it is to be be design, program design, user interface design, built etc. , in order to meet the system specication )he audience audience is !ponsoring users Chief programmer $or !oftware Architect or %ead )he audience audience is developer #rogrammers and technical specialists
What is a project? what is pro*ect' a piece of planned wor" or an activity that is nished over a period of time What are the six core processes for software systems development+ dentify problem and obtain approval. #lan and monitor the pro*ect. -iscover and understand details. -esign system components. uild, test, and integrate system components. Complete system tests and deploy solution. There are ollowing six phases in every Sotware development lie cycle model:
/euirement gathering and analysis. -esign. mplementation or coding. )esting. -eployment. 0aintenance.
What is meant by Agile evelopment? Agile development is an alternative to traditional pro*ect management where emphasis is placed on empowering people to collaborate and ma"e team decisions in addition to continuous planning, continuous testing and continuous integration. What is the purpose o a System !ision ocument? A ision -ocument is a document that describes a compelling idea or values or future state for a particular organi2ation, product or service. t denes the sta"eholders view of the product3service to be developed, specied in terms of the sta"eholders "ey needs and features. What is the diference between a system and a subsystem? !ystem is a combination of parts wor"ing together to accomplish a goal, and a subsystem is a complete system that is an integral part of a larger system. A subsystem is simply a portion of the overall system. ased on the list of !ystem Capabilities, the pro*ect team identies these functional subsystems' ■ !upplier nformation subsystem ■ #roduct nformation subsystem )he !upplier nformation subsystem will collect and maintain information about the manufacturers or wholesalers and the contract people that wor" for them. )he #roduct nformation subsystem will capture information about the various products, including detailed descriptions and photographs. What is the purpose o a Wor" #rea"down Structure? )he main purpose of a W! is to reduce complicated activities to a collection of tas"s. )his is important for the pro*ect manager because she can oversee the tas"s more e4ectively than the complex activities. )as"s must be measurable and independent, with clearly dened limits. What inormation is provided by use cases or a use case diagram?
50% 5se Case -iagrams. 5se case diagrams are usually referred to as behavior diagrams used to describe a set of actions $use cases& that some system or systems $sub*ect& should or can perform in collaboration with one or more external users of the system $actors&.
5sed to gather reuirements of a system. 5sed to get an outside view of a system. dentify external and internal factors in6uencing the system. !how the interacting among the reuirements are actors.
What inormation is provided by a class diagram?
static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the system7s classes, their attributes, operations $or methods&, and the relationships among ob*ects. 5sed for Analysis and design of the static view of an application. -escribe responsibilities of a system. ase for component and deployment diagrams. 8orward and reverse engineering
$ow does an activity diagram help in user%interace design?
Activity diagram is basically a 6ow chart to represent the 6ow form one activity to another activity. )he activity can be described as an operation of the system. 8ollowing are the main usages of activity diagram' 0odeling wor" 6ow by using activities. 0odeling business reuirements. 9igh level understanding of the system7s functionalities. nvestigate business reuirements at a later stage.
What new inormation is provided in a design class diagram &more than a class diagram'? ncludes iew %ayer Classes -omain %ayer Classes And methods What is the purpose o user acceptance testing? 5ser acceptance testing $5A)& is the last phase of the software testing process. -uring 5A), actual software users test the software to ma"e sure it can handle reuired tas"s in real(world scenarios, according to specications .
Chapter 2 Systems analysis (ve activities :ather detailed information -ata from future users, current users, and previous users nformation from people who;ve built3wor"ed on similar systems !tudy existing systemsiv.-ata on how the system should wor" and what other systems it will interact3in(terface withb. -ene reuirements :ather information from users and documents Create moc"(ups, models, demos, and previews of how the system should loo" according to the reuirements. #rioriti2e reuirements
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What are three types o models? )extual model= something written down, described :raphical models= diagram, schematic 0athematical models= formulas, statistics, algorithms • • •
What is the diference between unctional re)uirements and nonunctional re)uirements +( 8unctional reuirements are the activities the system must perform. )he nonfunctional reuirements are the other system characteristics. What types o sta"eholders should you include in act (nding?% >ou should include internal, external, operational, and executive What is the purpose o an activity diagram*% )he purpose is to describe user $or system& activities, the person who does each activity, and the seuential 6ow of these activities.
Chapter 3 What is a use case? A use case is an activity that the system performs as a result of some event or action by a user What are the two techni)ues used to identiy use cases? 5ser goal techniue and the event decomposition techniue escribe the user goal techni)ue or identiying use cases* )he user goal techniue is done by interviewing a user $or user role& to see what their wor" ?goals@ or ob*ectives are. )hese are low level ob*ectives to accomplish a piece of wor" or to complete a wor" procedure. )he system then must have use cases to support each user goal. escribe the event decomposition techni)ue or identiying use cases* %oo" at all of the business processes that result in some type of business event. )he business events are triggers that reuire system processing, e.g. that reuire use cases. Why is the event decomposition techni)ue considered more comprehensive than the user goal techni)ue?
A temporal event is one that occurs at a point in time. An example might be that at the end of the month interest $or monthly chec"ing account fee& is calculated and credited to the account
What are the our operations that ma"e up the +,- acronym + C Create / /ead or /eport $output& 5 5pdate - -elete What is a brie use case description? A one or two sentence description of the use case and what it accomplishes.
What is the purpose o -./ use case diagrams? 5se case diagrams provide a graphical view of use cases and the actors that invo"e those use cases. )hey provide a nice overview of use cases. )hey can organi2e use cases together in meaningful ways. What is the 0includes1 relationship between two use cases? )he Bincludes relationship is where one use case e4ectively uses the services of another use case. t is as though one use case were embedded within another use case.
Chapter 4 What is the problem domain? According to the boo", the problem domain is the specic area $domain& of the user$client&;s business need that is within the scope of the new system, but really don;t li"e the way the boo" denes problem domain. t;s too vague and it seems li"e the writer wants to s"ip over it and get straight to the examples and brainstorming techniues. !o, from some research on my own, have formed my own denition. 8rom my research, dene the problem domain as the area3problem that is to bea4ected3solved by the system. !pecically for !AD-, the general issue3problem the new system is meant to solve for the client = i.e. a pac"age delivery system that includes a website $for orders&, a database $for records of payments, clients, employees, etc.&, a label generator$for the pac"ages&, and scheduling software$for delivery and3or employee wor" schedules& What is a 2thing3 called in models used by traditional analysts and database analysts? )he ?thing@ is called a ?data entities@ by traditional analysts and database analysts. What are two techni)ues or identiying things in the problem domain? )he two techniues for identifying things in problem domain shown in the boo" are brainstorming techniue and noun techniue 4xplain why identiying nouns helps identiy things in the problem domain?
Eouns are always ?things.@ !o nding all the nouns will nd all the things $and more, so it needs to be rened&.
What is an association5 and what system development standard de(nes it? An association is a relationship between things in the problem domain. t is the term used by 50% What is multiplicity5 and what is the other term used by traditional analysts and database analysts? t is a measure of the number of lin"s in an association between an ob*ect in one class and the ob*ects in another class. n traditional analysis it is called cardinality. !ystems Analysis and -esign in a Changing World, sixth edition What is the minimum multiplicity or the association that reads a customer places 6ero or more orders? Fero What is the maximum multiplicity or the association that reads an order is placed by exactly one customer + Gne
7n -./5 what are three types o relationships ound on a class diagram? )hree types of relationships found on a class diagram are generali2ation3speciali2ation, whole(part, and association
What is a generali6ation8speciali6ation relationship5 and what object% oriented terms does it illustrate? A generali2ation3!peciali2ation relationship is an inheritance hierarchical relationship. !ubordinate classes are special types3subtypes of superior classes. i.e. Cars to !edans or sports cars. )he ob*ect(oriented terms it illustrates are inheritance, ob*ect(orientation, and encapsulation •
+ompare8contrast superclass and subclass* +ompare8contrasts abstract class and concrete class* 8irstly, comparing and contrasting subclasses and super classes is stupid. Gne is derived and inherits from the otherH t;s li"e trying to compare and contrast multiplication
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What is a whole%part relationship5 and why does it show multiplicity? )he whole(part relationship is a relationship between classes where one class is part3a component of another class. t is literally dened as a relationship between classesH )hat is the denition of multiplicity •
Chapter 5 What two -./ diagrams are used to model domain classes? #roblem domain class diagram and state machine diagram
What is the purpose o an SS?
What symbols are used in an !!-+ An !!- $system seuence diagram& is used to describe the messages that 6ow into and out of a system, i.e. between the system and the use case user. )he symbols include' !tic" figure for the actor ox with ob*ect name for the system ob*ect ertical dashed lines for ob*ect lifelines 9ori2ontal arrows for messages 9ori2ontal dashed arrows for return data Comment box for comments
What are two ways to show repetition on a se)uence diagram?
What are the three types o rames used on a se)uence diagram? %oop frame = repeat or loop the contents of the frame Gpt frame = send or do not send the message based on true3false condition Alt frame = if(else alternative 6ows based on condition.
Chapter 6 What is the primary objective o systems design? )he ob*ective of systems design is to dene, organi2e, and structure the components of the nalsolution system that will serve as the blueprint for construction. What is the diference between systems analysis and systems design? )he ob*ective of systems analysis is to understand the needs and reuirements, while theob*ective of design is to gure out the solution to those needs and reuirements.Analysis is tounderstand the problem, design is to solve the problem. $and implementation is to build thesolution.&
What is the diference between user%interace design and system%interace design? 5ser(interface design has to do with designing the screens $and reports& that the users see and interact with. )hose reuire substantial user input and consideration for ease of use. !ystem(interface design has to do with those automated interfaces with other systems and tends to consist of technical specications. What is a /A9? When would it be used in deploying a new system? A %AE is a local area networ" and is used to refer to the networ" of computers that exists within an organi2ation at a locali2ed site. -epending on the system, a %AE may be used toallow wor" stations to access data on a central database server within the local site. Also if theemployees that wor" together must communicate together and ?see@ each others wor", then a%AE conguration is reuired.
What is three%layer design? 0any systems are designed with a view layer, which consists of the user interface, a program logic layer, which contains the business processing, and a data layer, which contains the database and data storage routines. What is the diference between $TTS and $TT? 9))# is the 9ypertext )ransport #rotocol to send and receive data over the nternet. 9))#! stands for 9ypertext )ransport #rotocol !ecure and adds a layer of security by encrypting the data being sent. escribe the primary actors that afect throughput or 7nternet systems* !everal factors a4ect throughput for nternet systems including' !erver computer power and capacity -atabase capacity = both the computer and the database eciency )he number of computers $e.g. server farms& )he location of the server computers $e.g. content delivery networ"s& nternet connections and nternet capacity !ystems Analysis and -esign in a Changing World, sixth edition I(J
What is the diference between cloud computing and virtual servers? A virtual server environment provides the ability to grow and add servers easily for a client. 9owever, the client is still involved in deciding the number and conguration of the virtual servers. Cloud computing, on the other hand, attempts to provide computing power much li"e a utility that the customer *ust uses as much computing capability only when he actually needs it.
What is a !9? Why would a company use a !9? A #E is a virtual private networ" which is a private networ" but which uses the public nternet as the basic transport mechanism. t includes additional security levels to secure the transmission and use of the nternet. A company would use a #E if it has information that must be very secure, but must be transmitted to remote locations where the company did not have its own private networ" lines