Chapter 10 Review Questions

General Chemistry: Atoms First, 2e (McMurry and Fay) Chapter 10 Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

10.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) The bonds in the polyatomic ion CO32– are are classified as ) ionic. !) metallic. C) nonpolar co"alent. #) polar co"alent. ns$er% # #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces 2) *hich co"alent bond is the most polar+ ) ,- !) C- C) Cl- #) - ns$er% ! #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces lo. Option% alorithmic 3) *hich has a dipole moment+ ) CO2 !) CO32– C) &O2 #) &O/2– ns$er% C #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.1 olar Co"alent !onds and #ipole #ipole Moments /) *hich of the follo$in molecules does not ha"e a dipole moment+ ) C2C2 !) ,3 C) C3 ,2 #) Cl ns$er%  #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.1 olar Co"alent !onds and #ipole #ipole Moments lo. Option% alorithmic

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) *hich of the follo$in should ha"e the larest dipole moment+ ) 24 g ) !) CO24 g ) C) 'Cl4 g ) #) C34 g 4 g ) ns$er% C #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.1 olar Co"alent !onds and #ipole #ipole Moments lo. Option% alorithmic 5) The dipole moment of Cl is 0.66 #7 and its bond lenth is 153 15 3 pm. *hat is the percent ionic character of the Cl- bond+ ) 0./8 !) 9.68 C) 118 #) 28 ns$er% C #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.1 olar Co"alent !onds and #ipole #ipole Moments 9) The dipole moment of !r is 1.2: #7 and its bond lenth is 196 1 96 pm. *hat is the percent ionic character of the !r- bond+ ) 3.:8 !) 6.8 C) 18 #) 338 ns$er% C #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.1 olar Co"alent !onds and #ipole #ipole Moments 6) Cl is found to ha"e 96.18 ionic character7 and its as phase dipole moment is 11. #. *hat is the distance bet$een the  and Cl atoms in aseous Cl+ ) :.1: ; 10-10 pm !) 1/.9 pm C) 309 pm #) :03 pm ns$er% C #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.1 olar Co"alent !onds and #ipole #ipole Moments















:) *hich has the smallest dipole-dipole forces+ ) C3 !) Cl C) ,2 #) CO ns$er% C #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces lo. Option% alorithmic 10) *hich of the follo$in does not e;hibit hydroen bondin+ ) !) C)  #) O C O ns$er%  #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces 11) *hich of the follo$in compounds e;hibits hydroen bondin+ ) C3Cl !) ( C) 3C-O-C3 #) ,3 ns$er% # #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces lo. Option% alorithmic 12) *hich of the follo$in e;hibits hydroen bondin+ ) O !) O C) #) C, ns$er%  #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces















13) *hich of the follo$in e;hibits ion-dipole forces+ ) ,aCl4 s) s) !) ,aCl4aq ,aCl4aq)) C) ,a4 s ,a4 s)) #) Cl24 g ) ns$er% ! #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces 1/) *hich is e;pected to ha"e the larest dispersion forces+ ) C25 !) C616 C) ,2 #) CO2 ns$er% ! #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces lo. Option% alorithmic 1) *hich substance in each of the follo$in pairs is e;pected to ha"e the larer dispersion forces+

) !r 2 in set ( and n-butane in set (( !) !r 2 in set ( and isobutane in set (( C) (2 in set ( and n-butane in set (( #) (2 in set ( and isobutane in set (( ns$er% C #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces















15) *hich of the follo$in compounds e;hibits only dipole-dipole intermolecular interactions+ ) ,2 !) !r C) CO2 #) 2O ns$er% ! #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces lo. Option% alorithmic 19) (n liii














20) *hich of the follo$in is most li=ely to ha"e the hihest "iscosity at 2?C+ ) C/10 !) OC2C2O C) C616 #) C2 ,2 ns$er% ! #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.3 &ome roperties roperties of >iiiiiiii
















2) or $hich of the follo$in phase chanes is the sin of BS BS neati"e+ neati"e+ ) boilin of $ater !) formation of sno$ from $ater "apor in clouds C) meltin of ice cream #) sublimation of (2 ns$er% ! #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10./ hase Chanes !et$een &olids7 >iiiiii
















2:) CC-11 4trichlorofluoromethane7 CCl3) has been used for many years as the $or=in fluid in refrierators. Ai"en its heat of "apori@ation is 25.66 =FGmol and its entropy of "apori@ation is :0.1 FG4mol H ')7 $hat is the boilin point of CC-11+ ) -292.:?C !) 0.2:9?C C) 2.//?C #) 23.6?C ns$er% # #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10./ hase Chanes !et$een &olids7 >iiii
















33) s a li
















36) *hich of the follo$in substances has the hihest boilin point+ ) C3-C2-C2-C2-C3 !) Je C) C3-C2-C3 #) 4C3)/C ns$er%  #iff% 3 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces 3:) *hich of the follo$in compounds has the hihest boilin point+ ) C3C2O !) OC2C2O C) 3C-O-C3 #) C3C2C2C3 ns$er% ! #iff% 3 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces /0) *hich of the follo$in has the lo$est boilin point+ ) r !) C)  #) Cl ns$er%  #iff% 3 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces /1) rrane the follo$in in order of increasin boilin point. C3C2O C3C2C3 3C-O-C3 C3C2 ,2 ( (( ((( (I ) (I K ((( K (( K (

















/2) The normal boilin point for !r is hiher than the normal boilin point for Cl. This can be e;plained by ) larer dipole-dipole forces for !r. !) larer dispersion forces for !r. C) larer hydroen-bond forces for !r. #) larer dipole-dipole forces7 larer dispersion forces7 an d larer hydroen-bond forces for !r. ns$er% ! #iff% 3 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.2 'inds of (ntermolecular orces lo. Option% alorithmic /3)  =itchen pressure coo=er operates at 1.0 atm. The B H "ap "ap of $ater is /0.9 =FGmol. *hat is the boilin point of $ater in the pressure coo=er+ ) 352 ' !) 393 ' C) 36 ' #) /10 ' ns$er% C #iff% / Topic% Topic% &ection 10. E"aporation7 Iapor Iapor ressure7 ressure7 and !oilin oint //) *hile mercury is "ery useful in barometers7 mercury "apor is to;ic. Ai"en that mercury has a B H "ap "ap of :.11 =FGmol and its normal boilin point is 35.9?C7 calculate the "apor pressure in mm  at room temperature7 2?C. ) 2.56 ; 10-3 mm  !) 2.:: mm  C) 392 mm  #) 93 mm  ns$er%  #iff% / Topic% Topic% &ection 10. E"aporation7 Iapor Iapor ressure7 ressure7 and !oilin oint



















/5) The "apor pressure of li


















0) *hich of the follo$in forms an ionic solid+ )  !) C91 ,2 C) Lb( #) &O3 ns$er% C #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.5 'inds 'inds of &olids lo. Option% alorithmic 1) *hich of the follo$in is an ionic solid+ ) Cl !) , C) #)  ns$er%  #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.5 'inds 'inds of &olids 2) *hich of the follo$in is not an ionic solid+ ) !) Cl C) , C



















/) *hich of the follo$in compounds forms a co"alent net$or= solid+ ) >i !) C 4diamond) C) O2 #) CO2 ns$er% ! #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.5 'inds 'inds of &olids ) *hich of the follo$in compounds forms a co"alent net$or= solid+ ) C616 !) ,O2 C) &iO2 #) &nCl/ ns$er% C #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.5 'inds 'inds of &olids 5) *hich type of bondin does M form upon solidification+ ) co"alent net$or= !) ionic C) metallic #) molecular



















:) o$ many atoms are in one face-centered cubic unit cell of a metal+ ) 1 !) 2 C) 3 #) / ns$er% # #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells 50) o$ many atoms are in one body-centered cubic unit cell of a metal+ ) 1 !) 2 C) 3 #) / ns$er% ! #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells 51) *hen cubic unit cells stac= toether7 ho$ many unit cells share a common corner+ ) 2 !) / C) 5



















5/) (ron crystalli@es in a body-centered cubic cell ha"in an ede lenth of 269 pm. *hat is the density of iron in Gcm3. ) 1.:: !) 9.6 C) 11.: #) 1.: ns$er% ! #iff% 3 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells 5) *hat is the ede lenth of a face-centered cubic unit cell made up of atoms ha"in a radius of 19 pm+ ) 2/9 pm !) /: pm C) 900 pm #) 1/00 pm ns$er% ! #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells lo. Option% alorithmic 55) Lhodium has a face-centered cubic structure and has a density of 12./ Gcm3. *hat is its atomic radius+





















56) n element forms a body-centered cubic crystalline substance. The ede lenth of the unit cell is 269 pm and the density of the crystal is 9.:2 Gcm3. Calculate the atomic $eiht of the substance. ) /.0 amu !) /6.0 amu C) 5./ amu #) 53. amu ns$er% C #iff%  Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells 5:) Cesium has a radius of 292 pm and crystalli@es in a face-centered cubic unit cell. *hat is the ede lenth of the unit cell+ ) 31/ pm





















92) The hihest coordination number for spherical pac=in is found in the ) body-centered cubic structure. !) simple cubic structure. C) body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic. #) cubic closest-pac=in and he;aonal closest pac=in. ns$er% # #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.6 The ac=in of &pheres in Crystalline &olids% Nnit Cells Cells 93) 'Cl crystalli@es in a cubic unit cell $ith Cl- ions on each corner and each face. o$ many ' D ions and Cl- ions are in each unit un it cell of 'Cl+ ) 1 ' D ion and 1 Cl- ion !) 2 ' D ions and 2 Cl- ions





















95) The ede lenth of a face-centered cubic lattice of ,aCl is 5/ pm. *hat is the density of ,aCl in Gcm3+ ) 0.920 !) 1.06 C) 2.15 #) /.32 ns$er% C #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.: &tructures of &ome (onic &olids 99) o$ many Cl- ions are around each ' D ion in 'Cl7 $hich has a cubic unit cell $ith Cl - ions on each corner and each face+ ) 1 !) /





















60) *hich of the follo$in is not an allotrope of carbon+ ) coal !) diamond C) fullerene #) raphite ns$er%  #iff% 1 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.10 &tructures of &ome &ome Co"alent ,et$or= &olids 61) The layers of raphite are held toether by ) co"alent bonds. !) dipole-dipole forces. C) >ondon dispersion forces. #) all of the abo"e





















6) *hich transition could occur if a solid is heated at a pressure belo$ the triple point pressure+ ) condensation !) deposition C) meltin #) sublimation ns$er% # #iff% 2 Topic% Topic% &ection 10.11 hase #iarams 65) *hich transition could occur if a solid is heated at a pressure abo"e the triple point pressure+ ) condensation !) deposition C) meltin #) sublimation











































:2) (n the dra$in of acetic acid7 C3CO27 a partial neati"e chare 4P-) occurs on ) only atom 4a). !) only atom 4b). C) atoms 4a) and 4c). #) atoms 4b) and 4d).





















:/) *hich dra$in best accounts for the polarity of methanol7 C3O7 and the bond polarities po larities that ma=e a maor contribution to the o"erall molecular polarity+





















:) *hich dra$in best sho$s the molecular polarity of methylamine7 C3 ,27 and the bond polarities that ma=e a maor contribution to the o"erall molecular polarity+ polarity+





















:5) *hich dra$in best sho$s the direction of the dipole moment in 2CCCl2+























































































































































































































































































































Chapter 10 Review Questions

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