Business Intelligence, 3e (Sharda/Delen/Turban) Chapter 2 Data Warehousing Warehousing
1) In the Isle of Capri case, the only capability added by the new software was increased processing speed of processing reports. Answer: FALSE iff: ! "age #ef: $% !) &he 'islands of data' proble( in the 1%*s describes the pheno(enon of +nconnected data being stored in n+(ero+s locations within an organiation. Answer: &#-E iff: ! "age #ef: 1 $) S+b/ect oriented databases for data wareho+sing are organied by detailed s+b/ects s+ch as dis0 dries, co(p+ters, and networ0s. Answer: FALSE iff: ! "age #ef: ! ) ata wareho+ses are s+bsets of data (arts. Answer: FALSE iff: 1 "age #ef: $ 2) 3ne way an operational data store differs fro( a data wareho+se is the recency of their data. Answer: &#-E iff: ! "age #ef: $4 5) 3rganiations seldo( deote a lot of effort to creating (etadata beca+ se it is not i(portant for the effectie +se of data wareho+ses. Answer: FALSE iff: ! "age #ef: 5 6) 7itho+t (iddleware, different 8I progra(s cannot easily connect to the data wareho+se. Answer: &#-E iff: ! "age #ef: %4 %) &wo4tier &wo4tier data wareho+se98I infrastr+ct+res offer organiations (ore fleibility b+t cost (ore than three4tier ones. Answer: FALSE iff: ! "age #ef: 2* ) ;oing the data into a data wareho+se is +s+ally the easiest part of its creation. Answer: FALSE iff: ! "age #ef: 2!
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1*) &he h+b4and4spo0e data wareho+se (odel +ses a centralied wareho+se feeding dependent data (arts. Answer: &#-E iff: ! "age #ef: 2! 11) 8eca+se of perfor(ance and data <+ality iss+es, (ost eperts agree that the federated architect+re sho+ld s+pple(ent data wareho+ses, not replace the(. Answer: &#-E iff: ! "age #ef: 2 1!) 8ill In(on adocates the data (art b+s architect+re whereas #alph =i(ball pro(otes the h+b4and4spo0e architect+re, a data (art b+s architect+re with confor(ed di(ensions. Answer: FALSE iff: ! "age #ef: 22 1$) &he E&L process in data wareho+sing +s+ally ta0es +p a s(all portion of the ti(e in a data4 centric pro/ect. Answer: FALSE iff: $ "age #ef: 2 1) In the Starwood >otels case, +p4to4date data and faster reporting helped hotel (anagers better (anage their occ+pancy rates. Answer: &#-E iff: 1 "age #ef: 55 12) Large co(panies, especially those with reen+e +pwards of ?2** (illion consistently reap s+bstantial cost saings thro+gh the +se of hosted data wareho+ses. Answer: FALSE iff: ! "age #ef: 5% 15) 3L&" syste(s are designed to handle ad hoc analysis and co(ple <+eries that deal with (any data ite(s. Answer: FALSE iff: ! "age #ef: 6* 16) &he data wareho+sing (at+rity (odel consists of si stages: prenatal, infant, child, teenager, ad+lt, and sage. Answer: &#-E iff: ! "age #ef: 6$ 1%) A well4designed data wareho+se (eans that +ser re<+ire(ents do not hae to change as b+siness needs change. Answer: FALSE iff: ! "age #ef: 66
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1) ata wareho+se ad(inistrators @7As) do not need strong b+siness insight since they only handle the technical aspect of the infrastr+ct+re. Answer: FALSE iff: ! "age #ef: %! !*) 8eca+se the recession has raised interest in low4cost open so+rce software, it is now set to replace traditional enterprise software. Answer: FALSE iff: ! "age #ef: %$ !1) &he 'single ersion of the tr+th' e(bodied in a data wareho+se s+ch as Capri Casinos (eans all of the following EBCE"& A) decision (a0ers get to see the sa(e res+lts to <+eries. 8) decision (a0ers hae the sa(e data aailable to s+pport their decisions. C) decision (a0ers get to +se (ore dependable data for their decisions. ) decision (a0ers hae +nfettered access to all data in the wareho+se. Answer: iff: $ "age #ef: * !!) 3perational or transaction databases are prod+ct oriented, handling transactions that +pdate the database. In contrast, data wareho+ses are A) s+b/ect4oriented and nonolatile. 8) prod+ct4oriented and nonolatile. C) prod+ct4oriented and olatile. ) s+b/ect4oriented and olatile. Answer: A iff: $ "age #ef: * !$) 7hich 0ind of data wareho+se is created separately fro( the enterprise data wareho+se by a depart(ent and not reliant on it for +pdates A) sectional data (art 8) p+blic data (art C) independent data (art ) olatile data (art Answer: C iff: ! "age #ef: $ !) All of the following state(ents abo+t (etadata are tr+e EBCE"& A) (etadata gies contet to reported data. 8) there (ay be ethical iss+es inoled in the creation of (etadata. C) (etadata helps to describe the (eaning and str+ct+re of data. ) for (ost organiations, data wareho+se (etadata are an +nnecessary epense. Answer: iff: ! "age #ef: 245
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!2) A 7eb client that connects to a 7eb serer, which is in t+rn connected to a 8I application serer, is reflectie of a A) one tier architect+re. 8) two tier architect+re. C) three tier architect+re. ) fo+r tier architect+re. Answer: C iff: ! "age #ef: 42* !5) 7hich of the following 8ES& enables a data wareho+se to handle co(ple <+eries and scale +p to handle (any (ore re<+ests A) +se of the web by +sers as a front4end 8) parallel processing C) ;icrosoft 7indows ) a larger I& staff Answer: 8 iff: $ "age #ef: 21 !6) 7hich data wareho+se architect+re +ses (etadata fro( eisting data wareho+ses to create a hybrid logical data wareho+se co(prised of data fro( the other wareho+ses A) independent data (arts architect+re 8) centralied data wareho+se architect+re C) h+b4and4spo0e data wareho+se architect+re ) federated architect+re Answer: iff: $ "age #ef: 2$ !%) 7hich data wareho+se architect+re +ses a nor(alied relational wareho+se that feeds (+ltiple data (arts A) independent data (arts architect+re 8) centralied data wareho+se architect+re C) h+b4and4spo0e data wareho+se architect+re ) federated architect+re Answer: C iff: $ "age #ef: 2$ !) 7hich approach to data wareho+se integration foc+ses (ore on sharing process f+nctionality than data across syste(s A) etraction, transfor(ation, and load 8) enterprise application integration C) enterprise infor(ation integration ) enterprise f+nction integration Answer: 8 iff: $ "age #ef: 2%42
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$*) In which stage of etraction, transfor(ation, and load @E&L) into a data wareho+se are data aggregated A) transfor(ation 8) etraction C) load ) cleanse Answer: A iff: $ "age #ef: 2 $1) In which stage of etraction, transfor(ation, and load @E&L) into a data wareho+se are ano(alies detected and corrected A) transfor(ation 8) etraction C) load ) cleanse Answer: iff: $ "age #ef: 2 $!) ata wareho+ses proide direct and indirect benefits to +sing organiations. 7hich of the following is an indirect benefit of data wareho+ses A) better and (ore ti(ely infor(ation 8) etensie new analyses perfor(ed by +sers C) si(plified access to data ) i(proed c+sto(er serice Answer: iff: $ "age #ef: 51 $$) All of the following are benefits of hosted data wareho+ses EBCE"& A) s(aller +pfront inest(ent. 8) better <+ality hardware. C) greater control of data. ) frees +p in4ho+se syste(s. Answer: C iff: ! "age #ef: 5% $) 7hen representing data in a data wareho+se, +sing seeral di(ension tables that are each connected only to a fact table (eans yo+ are +sing which wareho+se str+ct+re A) star sche(a 8) snowfla0e sche(a C) relational sche(a ) di(ensional sche(a Answer: A iff: $ "age #ef: 5%45
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$2) 7hen <+erying a di(ensional database, a +ser went fro( s+((aried data to its +nderlying details. &he f+nction that sered this p+rpose is A) dice. 8) slice. C) roll4+p. ) drill down. Answer: iff: $ "age #ef: 6*461 $5) 7hich of the following online analytical processing @3LA") technologies does D3& re<+ire the preco(p+tation and storage of infor(ation A) ;3LA" 8) #3LA" C) >3LA" ) SL Answer: 8 iff: ! "age #ef: 6146! $6) Actie data wareho+sing can be +sed to s+pport the highest leel of decision (a0ing sophistication and power. &he (a/or feat+re that enables this in relation to handling the data is A) co+ntry of @data) origin. 8) nat+re of the data. C) speed of data transfer. ) so+rce of the data. Answer: C iff: ! "age #ef: 66 $%) 7hich of the following state(ents is (ore descriptie of actie data wareho+ses in contrast with traditional data wareho+ses A) strategic decisions whose i(pacts are hard to (eas+re 8) detailed data aailable for strategic +se only C) large n+(bers of +sers, incl+ding operational staffs ) restrictie reporting with daily and wee0ly data c+rrency Answer: C iff: $ "age #ef: %1 $) >ow does the +se of clo+d co(p+ting affect the scalability of a data wareho+se A) Clo+d co(p+ting endors bring as (+ch hardware as needed to +sers offices. 8) >ardware reso+rces are dyna(ically allocated as +se increases. C) Clo+d endors are (ostly based oerseas where the cost of labor is low. ) Clo+d co(p+ting has little effect on a data wareho+ses scalability. Answer: 8 iff: $ "age #ef: %$
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*) All of the following are tr+e abo+t in4database processing technology EBCE"& A) it p+shes the algorith(s to where the data is. 8) it (a0es the response to <+eries (+ch faster than conentional databases. C) it is often +sed for apps li0e credit card fra+d detection and inest(ent ris0 (anage(ent. ) it is the sa(e as in4(e(ory storage technology. Answer: iff: $ "age #ef: %2 1) 7ith data flows, (anagers can iew the c+rrent state of their b+sinesses and <+ic0ly identify proble(s. Answer: real4ti(e iff: ! "age #ef: * !) In oriented data wareho+sing, operational databases are t+ned to handle transactions that +pdate the database. Answer: prod+ct iff: ! "age #ef: ! $) &he three (ain types of data wareho+ses are data (arts, operational , and enterprise data wareho+ses. Answer: data stores iff: ! "age #ef: $ ) describe the str+ct+re and (eaning of the data, contrib+ting to their effectie +se. Answer: ;etadata iff: 1 "age #ef: 2 2) ;ost data wareho+ses are b+ilt +sing database (anage(ent syste(s to control and (anage the data. Answer: relational iff: ! "age #ef: 21 5) A@n) architect+re is +sed to b+ild a scalable and (aintainable infrastr+ct+re that incl+des a centralied data wareho+se and seeral dependent data (arts. Answer: h+b4and4spo0e iff: ! "age #ef: 2! 6) &he data wareho+se architect+re inoles integrating disparate syste(s and analytical reso+rces fro( (+ltiple so+rces to (eet changing needs or b+siness conditions. Answer: federated iff: ! "age #ef: 2 %) ata co(prises data access, data federation, and change capt+re. Answer: integration iff: $ "age #ef: 26
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) is a (echanis( that integrates application f+nctionality and shares f+nctionality @rather than data) across syste(s, thereby enabling fleibility and re+se. Answer: Enterprise application integration @EAI) iff: $ "age #ef: 2% 2*) is a (echanis( for p+lling data fro( so+rce syste(s to satisfy a re<+est for infor(ation. It is an eoling tool space that pro(ises real4ti(e data integration fro( a ariety of so+rces, s+ch as relational databases, 7eb serices, and (+ltidi(ensional databases. Answer: Enterprise infor(ation integration @EII) iff: $ "age #ef: 2 21) "erfor(ing etensie to (oe data to the data wareho+se (ay be a sign of poorly (anaged data and a f+nda(ental lac0 of a coherent data (anage(ent strategy. Answer: etraction, transfor(ation, and load @E&L) iff: $ "age #ef: 51 2!) &he ;odel, also 0nown as the E7 approach, e(phasies top4down deelop(ent, e(ploying established database deelop(ent (ethodologies and tools, s+ch as entity4relationship diagra(s @E#), and an ad/+st(ent of the spiral deelop(ent approach. Answer: In(on iff: ! "age #ef: 52 2$) &he ;odel, also 0nown as the data (art approach, is a 'plan big, b+ild s(all' approach. A data (art is a s+b/ect4oriented or depart(ent4oriented data wareho+se. It is a scaled4 down ersion of a data wareho+se that foc+ses on the re<+ests of a specific depart(ent, s+ch as (ar0eting or sales. Answer: =i(ball iff: ! "age #ef: 52 2) (odeling is a retrieal4based syste( that s+pports high4ol+(e <+ery access. Answer: i(ensional iff: ! "age #ef: 5% 22) 3nline is arg+ably the (ost co((only +sed data analysis techni<+e in data wareho+ses. Answer: analytical processing iff: 1 "age #ef: 5 25) 3nline is a ter( +sed for a transaction syste( that is pri(arily responsible for capt+ring and storing data related to day4to4day b+siness f+nctions s+ch as E#", C#;, SC;, and point of sale. Answer: transaction processing iff: ! "age #ef: 5
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26) In the ;ichigan State Agencies case, the approach +sed was a@n) one, instead of deeloping separate 8I97 platfor(s for each b+siness area or state agency. Answer: enterprise iff: ! "age #ef: 65 2%) &he role responsible for s+ccessf+l ad(inistration and (anage(ent of a data wareho+se is the , who sho+ld be fa(iliar with high4perfor(ance software, hardware, and networ0ing technologies, and also possesses solid b+siness insight. Answer: data wareho+se ad(inistrator @7A) iff: ! "age #ef: %! 2) , or '&he Etended AS" ;odel,' is a creatie way of deploying infor(ation syste( applications where the proider licenses its applications to c+sto(ers for +se as a serice on de(and @+s+ally oer the Internet) Answer: SaaS @software as a serice) iff: ! "age #ef: %$ 5*) @also called in4database analytics) refers to the integration of the algorith(ic etent of data analytics into data wareho+se. Answer: In4database processing iff: ! "age #ef: %2 51) 7hat is the definition of a data wareho+se @7) in si(ple ter(s Answer: In si(ple ter(s, a data wareho+se @7) is a pool of data prod+ced to s+pport decision (a0ingG it is also a repository of c+rrent and historical data of potential interest to (anagers thro+gho+t the organiation. iff: ! "age #ef: *
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5!) A co((on way of introd+cing data wareho+sing is to refer to its f+nda(ental characteristics. escribe three characteristics of data wareho+sing. Answer: H Subject oriented. ata are organied by detailed s+b/ect, s+ch as sales, prod+cts, or c+sto(ers, containing only infor(ation releant for decision s+pport. H Integrated. Integration is closely related to s+b/ect orientation. ata wareho+ses (+st place data fro( different so+rces into a consistent for(at. &o do so, they (+st deal with na(ing conflicts and discrepancies a(ong +nits of (eas+re. A data wareho+se is pres+(ed to be totally integrated. H Time variant (time series). A wareho+se (aintains historical data. &he data do not necessarily proide c+rrent stat+s @ecept in real4ti(e syste(s). &hey detect trends, deiations, and long4ter( relationships for forecasting and co(parisons, leading to decision (a0ing. Eery data wareho+se has a te(poral <+ality. &i(e is the one i(portant di(ension that all data wareho+ses (+st s+pport. ata for analysis fro( (+ltiple so+rces contains (+ltiple ti(e points @e.g., daily, wee0ly, (onthly iews). H onvolatile. After data are entered into a data wareho+se, +sers cannot change or +pdate the data. 3bsolete data are discarded, and changes are recorded as new data. H Web based. ata wareho+ses are typically designed to proide an efficient co(p+ting eniron(ent for 7eb4based applications. H !elational/multidimensional. A data wareho+se +ses either a relational str+ct+re or a (+ltidi(ensional str+ct+re. A recent s+rey on (+ltidi(ensional str+ct+res can be fo+nd in #o(ero and Abell @!**). H Client/server. A data wareho+se +ses the client9serer architect+re to proide easy access for end +sers. H !eal time. Dewer data wareho+ses proide real4ti(e, or actie, data4access and analysis capabilities @see 8as+, !**$G and 8onde and =+c0+0, !**). H Include metadata. A data wareho+se contains (etadata @data abo+t data) abo+t how the data are organied and how to effectiely +se the(. iff: $ "age #ef: !4$ 5$) 7hat is the definition of a data (art Answer: A data (art is a s+bset of a data wareho+se, typically consisting of a single s+b/ect area @e.g., (ar0eting, operations). 7hereas a data wareho+se co(bines databases across an entire enterprise, a data (art is +s+ally s(aller and foc+ses on a partic+lar s+b/ect or depart(ent. iff: ! "age #ef: $ 5) ;ehra @!**2) indicated that few organiations really +nderstand (etadata, and fewer +nderstand how to design and i(ple(ent a (etadata strategy. >ow wo+ld yo+ describe (etadata Answer: ;etadata are data abo+t data. ;etadata describe the str+ct+re of and so(e (eaning abo+t data, thereby contrib+ting to their effectie or ineffectie +se. iff: ! "age #ef: 245
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52) According to =assa( @!**!), b+siness (etadata co(prise infor(ation that increases o+r +nderstanding of traditional @i.e., str+ct+red) data. 7hat is the pri(ary p+rpose of (etadata Answer: &he pri(ary p+rpose of (etadata sho+ld be to proide contet to the reported dataG that is, it proides enriching infor(ation that leads to the creation of 0nowledge. iff: ! "age #ef: 5 55) In the ;+ltiCare case, how was data wareho+sing able to red+ce septice(ia (ortality rates in ;+ltiCare hospitals Answer: H &he Adaptie ata 7areho+se&; organied and si(plified data fro( (+ltiple data so+rces across the contin++( of care. It beca(e the single so+rce of tr+th re<+ired to see care i(proe(ent opport+nities and to (eas+re change, integrated tea(s consisting of clinicians, technologists, analysts, and <+ality personnel were essential for accelerating ;+ltiCares efforts to red+ce septice(ia (ortality. H &ogether the collaboratie effort addressed three 0ey bodies of wor0Jstandard of care definition, early identification, and efficient deliery of defined4care standard. iff: $ "age #ef: 64% 56) 8riefly describe fo+r (a/or co(ponents of the data wareho+sing process. Answer: H Data sources . ata are so+rced fro( (+ltiple independent operational 'legacy' syste(s and possibly fro( eternal data proiders @s+ch as the -.S. Cens+s). ata (ay also co(e fro( an 3L&" or E#" syste(. H Data e"traction and trans#ormation. ata are etracted and properly transfor(ed +sing c+sto(4written or co((ercial E&L software. H Data loading. ata are loaded into a staging area, where they are transfor(ed and cleansed. &he data are then ready to load into the data wareho+se and9or data (arts. H Comprehensive database. Essentially, this is the E7 to s+pport all decision analysis by proiding releant s+((aried and detailed infor(ation originating fro( (any different so+rces. H $etadata. ;etadata incl+de software progra(s abo+t data and r+les for organiing data s+((aries that are easy to inde and search, especially with 7eb tools. H $iddle%are tools . ;iddleware tools enable access to the data wareho+se. &here are (any front4end applications that b+siness +sers can +se to interact with data stored in the data repositories, incl+ding data (ining, 3LA", reporting tools, and data is+aliation tools. iff: ! "age #ef: %4 5%) &here are seeral basic infor(ation syste( architect+res that can be +sed for data wareho+sing. 7hat are they Answer: Kenerally spea0ing, these architect+res are co((only called client9serer or n4tier architect+res, of which two4tier and three4tier architect+res are the (ost co((on, b+ t so(eti(es there is si(ply one tier. iff: ! "age #ef: 42*
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5) ;ore data, co(ing in faster and re<+iring i((ediate conersion into decisions, (eans that organiations are confronting the need for real4ti(e data wareho+sing @#7). >ow wo+ld yo+ define real4ti(e data wareho+sing Answer: #eal4ti(e data wareho+sing, also 0nown as actie data wareho+sing @A7), is the process of loading and proiding data ia the data wareho+se as they beco(e aailable. iff: ! "age #ef: 66 6*) ;ention briefly so(e of the recently pop+laried concepts and technologies that will play a significant role in defining the f+t+re of data wareho+sing. Answer: H So+rcing @(echanis(s for ac<+isition of data fro( dierse and dispersed so+rces): o 7eb, social (edia, and 8ig ata o 3pen so+rce software o SaaS @software as a serice) o Clo+d co(p+ting H Infrastr+ct+re @architect+ralJhardware and softwareJenhance(ents): o Col+(nar @a new way to store and access data in the database) o #eal4ti(e data wareho+sing o ata wareho+se appliances @all4in4one sol+tions to 7) o ata (anage(ent technologies and practices o In4database processing technology @p+tting the algorith(s where the data is) o In4(e(ory storage technology @(oing the data in the (e(ory for faster processing) o Dew database (anage(ent syste(s o Adanced analytics iff: $ "age #ef: %$4%5
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