Name: ID #:
Miranda Weipert 1327640
Quiz Section: La !artner:
!&em 5$ Epe*iment +- !alo*imet*. =( %inin e$o./ (ou certi)( t'at (ou 'a*e not )a$%i)ied data/ t'at (ou 'a*e not p$aiarized p$aiarized an( part o) t'i ca$cu$ation% and re%pon%e% ot'er t'an t'e reportin o) ra. data are (our o.n independent .or+ 5ai$ure re%u$t in ? point% ein deducted )rom (our report %core+ Sinature:
Total Points = 60 pts (5 notebook, 55 template)
PURPOSE AND METOD "ur oa$% are to: i& Determine t'e 'eat capacit( o) t'e ca$orimeter ii& Mea%ure t'e 'eat o) )u%ion o) ice iii& Mea%ure t'e 'eat o) neautra$ization i*& Determine t'e ent'a$p( o) '(dration mane%ium %u$)ate+ ,-p$ain 'o. eac' o) t'e%e i% accomp$i%'ed in t'i% e-periment+ e-periment+ W'ere appropriate/ inc$ude euation% (o i& 'e 'e 'eat 'eat capaci capacit( t( o) o) t'e t'e ca$or ca$orim imete eterr i% determ determine ined d ( mea% mea%uri urin n t'e t'e temp tempera eratut tutre re c'an c'ane e .'en .'en a no.n no.n a We can u%e t'e euation: ()=(/) (/) ( ) to )ind )ind t'e t'e 'ea 'eatt ene ener r( (+ Sinc Since et ( t'e ca$orimeter/ .e can )ind t'e 'eat capacit( o) t'e ca$orimeter t'rou' t'e euation:
.aterr in t'e t'e ca$or ca$orime imeter ter coo$ coo$% % o)) o)) a% t'e t'e ice ice me$t% me$t% in t'e ca$o ca$orim rimete eterr and and once once a$$ t'e ice ice 'a% 'a% m ii& 'e 0 m$ o) .ate t'e ca$orime ca$orimeter ter// .'ic' .'ic' cau%e% e*en e*en more coo$in+ coo$in+ o o )ind )ind t'e 'eat )u%ion )u%ion (ou 'a*e to )ind )ind t'e 'eat ener( ener( o) t ca$orimeter/ ca$orimeter/ .'ic' i% t'e 'eat needed to me$t t'e ice p$u% t'e 'eat needed to .arm t'e .ater t'at .a% .a% ice+ o o ) 'en (ou need to )ind t'e 'eat ained ( t'e ice.ater .'ic' (ou can do ( t'e euation: ( ( − − ∆ )+( ( )((. (. )/(℃))(($(%&'# ) − =(" )* # 'en/ ( %ettin 8 9 (ou can )ind ∆ # )(∆ )u%ion+
iii& %in t'e net ionice euation% )or t'e neutra$ization reaction% et.een Na"; and ;
% La. : "0- (1)−." +(),0- − + () % + ∗ - (1)−."+ " 0- ∗ (),0- −(, )+, + + %+ -( ) = %+ − %+ %+ 234 ++
DATA AND !A"!U"AT#ONS
A- eat !apa%it. o/ t&e !alo*imete* Rn
Rn $
1olta2e, 1 (34!)
4+@
4+@
!**ent, A (!4s)
2+42
2+44
Time (s)
1?1
1?0
#nitial tempe*at*e, o!
22+4
22+6
;inal tempe*at*e, o!
26+6
26+7
17@1
17@3
426
437
Elet*i%al poe* inpt into %alo*imete* (7), 3 !alo*imete* !onstant, ! %al, 34o!
A(pe an e-amp$e o) t'e ca$cu$ation% (ou are per)ormin )or and
A9
()= (!"# %&&' (!"# ) ( ) =4.9 (!"# 2.42 (!"# 151 () 7= >0?563
Sta elp
!%= /((*+ ,*))
!%= 1790.5- /((26.6 −22.4) )
In ,in%te o) t'e
!%al = @$6?$
5or % C9%td
:- eat o/ ;sion o/ #%e Rn !%al(A9e*a2e), 34o! Mass o/ %alo*imete*, sti* ba* an8 ate*, 2 Mass o/ %alo*imete*, sti* ba*, an8 ate* < mass o/ a88e8 i%e (o* melte8 i%e), 2
Rn $ A(pe e-amp$e%
42
42 a& ca$
1@3
& )or 'eatin 1@3 c& ∆;)u%ion me$ a& ,%=,!% ,%=−42
202
1@6
12+0
3+1@
Tempe*at*e o/ %alo*imete* be/o*e i%e a88ition, o!
22+2
23+0 c& ,!% # ∆*! −427/℃ # −4
Tempe*at*e o/ i%e be/o*e a88ition to t&e %alo*imete*, o!
80+300
80+300
1+0
1@+0
84+20
84+00
1/7@
1/712
1+3
1@+3
4+14
4+14
@22
2?
Temp? o/ t&e %alo*imete* a/te* a88ition an8 meltin2 o/ t&e i%e, o! T%al
A a& eat lost b. %alo*imete* (7 %al in 3) ate* /*om i%e
Spe%i/i% &eat o/ ate*, 342?o!
A &
& %=(/ %)(4. %=(12.00)
Mass o/ i%e, 2
eat 2aine8 b. i%e %be to a*m ate* /*om i%e tempe*at*e (7 in 3)
Ac& eat o/ /sion o/ i%e, /sion in 342
73+2 A9e*a2e
4?6 26? E 271 E
Stan8a*8 De9
!- eat o/ Net*aliation o/ !l an8 NaO NaO !on%ent*ation !l !on%ent*ation
0+?00 M
1olme Use8 1olme Use8
0+?00 M
Rn
Rn $
!%al(A9e*a2e), 34o!
42
42
Tinitial (!l), C!
20+6
20+7
Tinitial (NaO), C!
20+0
20+4
Tinitial (a9e*a2e), C!
20+3
20+??
T/inal , C!
23+@ 3+60
24+0 3+4?
0+0200
0+0200
1/?41
1/477
77+4 A9e*a2e B net*aliation, k34mol
73+@
BT, C! A a& Moles $O /o*me8 in *ea%tion
A & 7 (3) (ma2nit8e o/ &eat 2aine84lost ) A c& B net*aliation (k34mol)
Stan8a*8 De9
D- eat o/ Net*aliation o/ A%eti% A%i8 an8 NaO NaO !on%ent*ation 1olme Use8
0+?00 M 40+0 m"
7?+7 2+47
A(pe e-amp$e a& mo$e% o) ;2 & t'e manit c& ∆;neutra$ization a& 5 +()69 )=) ) 5!= ) C9 Since t'e ratio %o t'ere .i$$ e & =!% # ∆ =428 /
(%) %+ 6#5' ∆5 '&E
A%eti% a%i8 !on%ent*ation 1olme Use8
0+?00 M 40+0 m"
Rn
Rn $
!%al(A9e*a2e), 34o!
42
42
Tinitial (a%eti% a%i8), C!
22+6
20+7
Tinitial (NaO), C!
20+0
20+0
Tinitial (a9e*a2e), C!
21+3
20+4
T/inal , C!
23+6 2+30
23+6 3+20
0+0200
0+0200
@4
1370
4@+2 A9e*a2e, B net*aliation, k34mol
6+?
BT, C! Moles $O /o*me8 in *ea%tion 7 (3) (ma2nit8e o/ &eat 2aine84lost ) B net*aliation (k34mol)
Stan8a*8 De9
?+ 13+6
E- Ent&alp. o/ .8*ation o/ Ma2nesim Sl/ate Rn !%al(A9e*a2e), 34o!
Rn $ 42
42
4+2?2
4+322
0+03?3
0+03?@
Tinitial, C!
23+7
23+?
T/inal , C!
23+3 80+400
23+1 80+400
171
171
4+? A9e*a2e, B soltion, k34mol
4+77
Mass M2SO@ a88e8, 2
A a& Moles o/ M2SO@
BT, C!
A & 7 (3) (ma2nit8e o/ &eat 2aine84lost ) A c& B soltion (k34mol)
Stan8a*8 De9 Rn
4+1 0+0?66
Rn $
A(pe e-amp a& mo$e% o) & t'e mani c& ∆; %o$ution d& o*era$$ ∆;
(a) )=() moles= 0.0 () =!% # =428 ( (!) ∆5 ∆5
!%al(A9e*a2e), 34o!
42
42
Mass M2SO@ $O a88e8, 2
10+2
10+3
0+041@
0+0423
Tinitial, C!
23+?
4@+0
T/inal , C!
23+4 80+100
4+7 80+300
∆5 1=4.81 ∆5 2=2.03
42+
12
∆5 T;H =4.8
1+02 A9e*a2e, B soltion, k34mol
3+04
Moles M2SO@$O
BT, C! 7 (3) (ma2nit8e o/ &eat 2aine84lost ) B soltion (k34mol)
Stan8a*8 De9
A d&
Ent&alp. o/ .8*ation
(") KL MN∗3 ∆ QRS = ∆
2+03 1+43 2+7 k34mol A(pe t t'e ne < .ate
RESU"TS AND D#S!USS#ON
< cup:
? #/ !%al =!%p < !ate* , %al%late !%p an8 !ate* /o* t&is epe*iment Hint: Use heat capacity of water
$? F&at ol8 ! %al &a9e been i/ .o &a8 se8
!ate*
4+1 34o!
!%p
424 34o!
20@ 34o!
50 m" (o* 50 2) o/ ate* instea8
<
3+ 'e $iterature *a$ue )or t'e ent'a$p( o) )u%ion o) .ater i% 334 E+
4+ ;o. .ou$d a di))erent ma%% o) ice a))ect t'e determination o) t'e ent'a$p( o) )u%ionG ,-p$ain+ DI))erence in t'e ma%% o) t'e ice .ou$d not a))ect t'e determination o) t'e ent'a$p( o) )u%ion ecau ( a rate t'at i% proportiona$ to t'e ma%% o) t'e ice added+ 'u%/ t'e ent'ap$( o) )u%ion %'ou$d e t' temperature c'ane .i$$ accommodate t'e e-tra amount o) added ice+ ?+ Hccordin to t'e umda'$ te-too/ t'e 'eat o) neutra$ization )or a %tron acid and %tron a%e (our *a$ue compare% .it' t'i% $iterature *a$ue ca$cu$ate t'e F error and comment on t'e compari% U&%' Z&&& = (T&% ,VW&)' )/(VW&)' ) # 100 U&%' Z&&& = (−58+75.7)/(−75.7) # 100=3[.% AYY?Y
M( e-perimenta$ *a$ue i% 'i'er t'an t'e e-pected *a$ue+ I didn>t .ait a% $on a% I %'ou$d 'a*e )or t
6+ W'at i% t'e ie%t %ource o) error in t'e ent'a$p( o) neutra$ization mea%urement% per)ormed i M( ie%t %ource o) error in t'e ent'ap$( o) neutra$ization mea%urement% i% t'e $ac o) time I de*o 'e temperature% didn>t c'ane )u$$( %o m( .a% 'i'er t'an it needed to e and t'u% m( 'eat o)
7+ W'at/ i) an(/ i% t'e e))ect o) acid %trent' on t'e ent'a$p( o) neutra$izationG 2 pt%&
'e reater t'e %trent' o) t'e acid/ t'e reater t'e e))ect on t'e ent'a$p( o) neutra$ization ecau% .ea acid%+ Stron acid% di%%ociate comp$ete$(/ .'ic' mean% it .ou$d tae more ener( to neutra$i not di%%ociate comp$ete$( in .ater %o it .i$$ tae $e%% ener( to neutra$ize t'em ecau%e $e%% conu
+ Suppo%e (our t'ermometer i% o)) ( 1+? o< i+e+ it read% *a$ue% t'at are 1+? o< 'i'er+ ;o. .ou$ 'i% %'ou$d not a))ect t'e re%u$t% o) t'e e-periement ecau%e eac' ca$cu$ation t'at i% done in t'e e t'ermometer i% u%ed t'rou'out t'e e-periement/ t'e c'ane% in temperaure .i$$ a$$ e 1+? deree ( t'e %ame amount it .i$$ 'a*e no a))ect on t'e ca$cu$ated re%u$t%+
Laorator( Wa%te ,*a$uation 1 pt& Laorator( .a%te i% con%idered anything enerated durin an e-periment t'at i% di%po%ed o) do.n t'e % di%po%a$ ( t'e W ,n*ironmenta$ ;ea$t' J Sa)et( department/ or re$ea%ed into t'e en*ironment+ =a%e t'e identit( and appro-imate amount ma%% or *o$ume& o) .a%te t'at (ou enerated .'i$e per)ormin t'i K20 MS"4 A 7;2" K@ MS"4 100 mL ;<$
m a 100mL acetic acid
=H
i))an( (eno
i% $a report/ and t'at a$$ to %in t'i% dec$aration .i$$
NoteAll se%tions o/ t&is *epo*t mst be t.pe8
.i$$ u%e to proce%% (our data+ $ pts ea%& = ' pts & ount o) 'eat i% added to t'e ca$orimeter containin 0mL o) .ater+ e 'eat enerated ( t'e e$ectrica$ 'eatin i% eua$ to t'e 'eat ained
= ( )/(( −)) e$ted/ t'e co$d .ater )rom t'e me$ted ice mi-e% .it' t'e .arm .ater in e t.o action% tain p$ace+ 5ir%t (ou need to )ind t'e 'eat $o%t ( t'e u can )ind t'e 'eat needed t'rou' t'e euation: −=− !
( %o$*in t'e euation and t'en con*ertin to mo$ar 'eat o)
temperature o) t'e acid and a%e %o$ution%& -(1)
%+ 234
Data ,ntr(
6 pt%
Rn 4+@ 2+41 142 22+4 26+4 1677 41@
*a2e, !%al
42
8a*8 De9
@+07
it& ;o*mlas in E%el ce$ t(pe C9a*eraerane o) *a$ue%&C ut d o) enterin a rane/ u%t c$ic at one end *a$ue% and dra mou%e to t'e ot'er end+ tandard de*iation/ in ,-ce$ t(pe e*rane o) *a$ue%&C+
o) t'e ca$cu$ation% (ou per)orm )or t'e )o$$o.in: 2 pt%& t'e .ater t'at .a% ice .armin me$ted ice& 2 pt%& tin t'e ice& 3 pt%& (/(∗!)"#(*+'(℃) ,*'(℃)) (J/(∗C))X (1 & 8 22+2 & & 9 >'3
180/(℃))(∆* 1& +&) %) (4.184 /(℃))(18.3℃)=233. 4
=/% # ∆5+'6/% # 4.180/(℃) # ∆* 1& +&) % .20℃=12.8 # ∆5+'+(12.0 # 4.184J/g℃ X 18.3℃)
%+ 51)6 = ?$ 342
40+0 mL 40+0 mL % o) t'e ca$cu$ation% (ou are per)ormin )or " produced ( ;<$Na"; reaction 2 pt%& de o) t'e 'eat ained$o%t 2 pt%& 3 pt%& ()−:52 9() ; (<"# <& 0.508/ # 0.0408<=.3 >?@AB =0.508/ # 0.0408<=.3 >?@AB −
n o) mo$e% in t'e euation i% 1:1 neit'er ;<$ nor Na"; i% $imitin 0?0$00 moles o) .ater produced+
6 pt%
# (23.9℃−20.3℃)=D.4
7')6=( (89! ( ( :8 )/( ( ))/(*)#1 8 ) 4 ) '=1540.8 (# FG/1008)/(0.0200 ) %H)=. I4>? @
$e% o) t'e ca$cu$ation% (ou are per)ormin )or per)ormin )or o$id 2 pt%& tude o) 2 pt%& 2 pt%& + 2 pt%& ())/()& ) ()))
)=4.25J/(120.37 ))
353 ∆* ℃"# (−0.4℃)=.3 4 ? pt% '=(("# FG/1008)/() + H ) '=171.J (# FG/1008)/(0.0353 ) + H)=.DI4>?@
KLMN(B)− :KL 3+ (OP) 6MN 3− (OP) (B)−:KL3+(OP) 6MN 3− (OP) 63N(@) ∆3
∆
− ∆3 ) )
−2.03=3. I4>?@
'e ca$cu$ation% (ou are per)ormin )or
*e )or temperature c'ane: 179F=4.180/(℃) # 50 # .℃ %o/ !%= 179F/(8.56℃)= 32.3324 /℃
re%u$t+ 2 pt%&
pt%& %e i) (ou add more ice t'e temperature c'ane .i$$ increa%e e %ame no matter .'at t'e ma%% o) t'e ice i% ecau%e t'e
i% 8? Emo$e %ee %ection @+4 in umda'$&+ ,-p$ain 'o. on&G 2 pt%&
'e comp$ete temperature c'ane .'ic' cau%ed m( c'ane in
+
t'i% e-perimentG 2 pt%& ted to $ettin t'e temperature o) t'e reaction )u$$( comp$ete+ neutra$ization .a% 'i'er t'an it needed to e+
more ener( i% i*en o)) to neutra$ize %tron acid% t'an ze a$$ o) t'e conuate a%e t'at i% created+ Wea acid% do ate a%e i% created+
t'i% a))ect t'e re%u$t% in t'i% e-perimentG 2 pt%& periment reuire% c'ane in temperature+ I) t'e %ame ce$ciu% 'i'er+ I) a$$ t'e c'ane% in temperature are a$$ a$tered
.er drain/ t'ro.n in t'e arae/ co$$ected in a container )or on t'e .ritten $a procedure and (our action% durin t'e $a/ $i%t e-periment+
