Clay Bricks

Date

Location

Dimensions

"Town$ Country#

"cm%cm%cm#

Compressive strength

Tensile strength

Elastic modulous

"&Pa#

"&Pa#

"'Pa#

9.2-18.0

2.6-10.8

B ulk weight

Water absorption

"kg)m*#

"( #

Porosity

Suction

Description "century#

1-!th

e!erences

100-1900

"( #

"g)cm+)min#

Paayianni* +.* 'tefanidou* ). #2000$. F&harac teristics of bricks of Byzantine eriod.F Proc., eriod.F Proc., 12th International Brick/Block Masonry Conference* Conference* )adrid* 'ain* 1,29-1,"6.

1! to "!

Bricks from buildings and structures from the Byzantine Period

Gadi4o:e4ic* . #2000$. FBricks of (ate ntiDue Buildings of Haissus.F Proc., Haissus.F Proc., 12th International Brick/Block Masonry C onference* onference* )adrid* 'ain* 21"-21!2.

#"!-8$%#2-"0$%#-6$ 12.!-2,.! "-

th

&hurch of '. (orenzo

1!!0-1,!0

)ilan* +taly

Baronio* 3.; Binda* (. #198!$. FPhysico-mechanical FPhysico-mechanical characteristics a nd durability of bricks from some monuments in )ilan.F Masonry )ilan.F Masonry International * * 29-"!.

1.!-1,.!

Baronio* 3.; Binda* (.; &harola* .=. #198!$. FIeterioration of bricks ith a nd ithout erforations due to salt crystallization.F Proc., 7 th International brick mas onry conference* conference* )elbourne* ustralia* 26,-2,6.

1,8

Baronio* 3.; Binda* (. #1986$. F&onsolidation and durability of masonry materialsJ study of mortars* mortars* bricks a nd lasters of an ancient monument of )ilan. /he toer of the church of '. (orenzo.F Proc., Evaluation an retrofit retrofit of masonry structures structures* +taly* 0-8.

".! 6th

&hurch of agia 'ohia

8-1"th

Bell /oer of the &athedral of &remona

+stambul* /urkey

&remona* +taly

9-10th

&hurch ' ta )aria Gossa

)ilan* +taly

11-1"th

aults of ur (ady )onastery

)agdeburg* 3ermany

&hurch of 'an 3er45sio and 'an Protasio

'anter45s de &amos* 'ain

&hurch of 'an Pedro

lcazar7n* 'ain

12th

",.!%",.!%!

26-"0 #red$

(i4ingston* G.. #199"$. F)aterials analysis of the masonry of the agia 'ohia Basilica* +stanbul.F Proc., +stanbul.F Proc., !r International Conference on "tructural "tuies, #e$airs an Maintenance of %istorical Builin& * Builin& * 1!-"1.

0-!! #beige$

(i4ingston* G.. #199"$. F)aterials analysis of the masonry of the agia 'ohia Basilica* +stanbul.F Proc., +stanbul.F Proc., !r International Conference on "tructural "tuies, #e$airs an Maintenance of %istorical Builin& * Builin& * 1!-"1.

1600-2000 8.0-12. #red$

0.1-1.6 #red$

1-2.2 #red$

2.9

9.-2!. #bron$

2.2-2.6 #bron$

1.,-. #bron$

20.1

Binda* (.; /ongini Kolli* G.; )irabella Goberti* 3. # 2000$. F'ur4ey and +n4estigation for the Iiagnosis of Iamaged )asonry 'tructuresJ the /orrazzo of &remona.F &remona.F Proc., Proc., 12th International Brick/Block Masonry Conference* Conference * )adrid* 'ain* 2",-2!,.

#2-28$%#10-12$%#!.!-,$ 1600

18-19

Binda* (.; /ongini Kolli* G.; )irabella Goberti* 3. # 2000$. F'ur4ey and +n4estigation for the Iiagnosis of Iamaged )asonry 'tructuresJ the /orrazzo of &remona.F &remona.F Proc., Proc., 12th International Brick/Block Masonry Conference* Conference * )adrid* 'ain* 2",-2!,. )aierhofer* &.; (eiold* '.; 'chaurich* I. ; Binda* (.; 'aisi* . #1998$. FIetermination of the moisture distribution in the outside alls of '. )aria Gossa using radar.F Proc., 7 th International Conference on 'roun Penetratin& #aar * Lansas* M'* !09-!1.

21-"!

)arzahn* 3..; Eahnel* G.; /ue* H.. #200$. FKinite element analysis of to ancient groined masonry 4aults.F 4aults.F Proc., Proc., 1!th International Brick/Block Masonry Conference* Conference* msterdam* the Hetherlands* 1,-1!6.

1".1-1.1

&arri@* E.).; lea* ).'.&. #1998$ F(a construcci@n con ladrillo. =4oluci@n e tiologa.F (ratao e #ehabilitaci)n, Patolo&*a y t+cnicas e intervenci)n. Elementos estructurales, (ome !* ! * =ditorial )unilla-(era* )adrid* +'BH 8-891!0-2"-0* 161-18.

#""-"2$%#16-1!$%#".!$


"8%18%".!


"8%#16.!-1,$% 12-1"th

)edie4al brick masonry alls

/oledo* 'ain

&hurch of 'an )iguel rc5ngel

'an )iguel* 'ain

&hurch of ssuno

lmenara de da:a* 'ain

1"th &hurch of 'an ndr7s

1600

19

"2.!

0.18


26%1"%; 28%1,%.!


29%1%


"!%1,%#"-".!$


lmedo* 'ain


#<$%18%".!

1"-1th th

1"-1,


&hurch of 'an )iguel

lmedo* 'ain

"0%19%

&hurch ' ta )aria Gossa

)ilan* +taly

1600-18"0

12-2

21-"!

Bricks from houses

/oledo* 'ain

1!10

22

".1

=>terior ?all

'iena* +taly

&hurch of 'an Boal

Pozaldez* 'ain

28%18%".!


&hurch of 'an ndr7s

lmedo* 'ain

"!%16%".!


/oer of the &hurch of ssuno

)@stoles* 'ain

2,%#<$%#".!-$


&hurch of 'an )iguel

lmedo* 'ain

28%19%".!


2,.9

)aierhofer* &.; (eiold* '.; 'chaurich* I. ; Binda* (.; 'aisi* . #1998$. FIetermination of the moisture distribution in the outside alls of '. )aria Gossa using radar.F Proc., 7 th International Conference on 'roun Penetratin& #aar * Lansas* M'* !09-!1. 0.08

/oer of (u:anes

)adrid* 'ain

"0%1"%

/oer of 'an 3in7s

)adrid* 'ain

"0%#<$%#"-$

=iscoal alace

Pienza* +taly

=>terior ?all

&arri@* E.).; lea* ).'.&. #1998$ F(a construcci@n con ladrillo. =4oluci@n e tiologa.F (ratao e #ehabilitaci)n, Patolo&*a y t+cnicas e intervenci)n. Elementos estructurales, (ome !* ! * =ditorial )unilla-(era* )adrid* +'BH 8-891!0-2"-0* 161-18. &arri@* E.).; lea* ).'.&. #1998$ F(a construcci@n con ladrillo. =4oluci@n e tiologa.F (ratao e #ehabilitaci)n, Patolo&*a y t+cnicas e intervenci)n. Elementos estructurales, (ome !* ! * =ditorial )unilla-(era* )adrid* +'BH 8-891!0-2"-0* 161-18. 26.9

,."

21.,-!1.

11.6-18.6

19.9

.1

Barbi* (.; Briccoli Bati* '.; Ganocchiai* 3. #2002$. F)echanical roerties of ancient bricksJ statistical analysis of data.F data.F Proc., Proc., 7 th International "eminar on "tructural Masonry for -evelo$in& Countries * Belo orizonte* Brazil* 2,-"". Bati* '.; Ganocchiai* 3. #199$. F critical re4ie of e>erimental techniDues for brick material.F Proc., material.F Proc., 1th International Brick/Block Masonry C onference* onference* &algary* &anada* 12,-12!!. Barbi* (.; Briccoli Bati* '.; Ganocchiai* 3. #2002$. F)echanical roerties of ancient bricksJ statistical analysis of data.F data.F Proc., Proc., 7 th International "eminar on "tructural Masonry for -evelo$in& Countries * Belo orizonte* Brazil* 2,-"".

&olle al dA=lse* +taly

Bati* '.; Ganocchiai* 3. #199$. F critical re4ie of e>erimental techniDues for brick material.F Proc., material.F Proc., 1th International Brick/Block Masonry C onference* onference* &algary* &anada* 12,-12!!.

"0.0 1!-16th

16th

16-1,th

1,th

&hurch of 'ta )aria +ncoronata

)ilan* +taly

osital de las &inco (lagas

'e4ille* 'ain

BishoAs residence

Pienza* +taly

(ibrary all of the )onastery of )onte li4eto )aggiore

'iena* +taly

"1.1

Bell /oer of the &athedral of )onza

)onza* +taly

.0-12.0

/oer of the &hurch in gustn de (araCs sDuare

)adrid* 'ain

&hurch of 'an Euan Bautista

tanDuines* 'ain

12.!-2,.! 28."%1".,%.,

1!!0-1,!0

1."-"2.9

Baronio* 3.; Binda* (. #198!$. FPhysico-mechanical FPhysico-mechanical characteristics a nd durability of bricks from some monuments in )ilan.F Masonry )ilan.F Masonry International * * 29-"!.

1.!-1,.! 11-21

Barbi* (.; Briccoli Bati* '.; Ganocchiai* 3. #2002$. F)echanical roerties of ancient bricksJ statistical analysis of data.F data.F Proc., Proc., 7 th International "eminar on "tructural Masonry for -evelo$in& Countries * Belo orizonte* Brazil* 2,-"".

0.11-0.2"

Bati* '.; Ganocchiai* 3. #199$. F critical re4ie of e>erimental techniDues for brick material.F Proc., material.F Proc., 1th International Brick/Block Masonry C onference* onference* &algary* &anada* 12,-12!!.

1!!0

Barbi* (.; Briccoli Bati* '.; Ganocchiai* 3. #2002$. F)echanical roerties of ancient bricksJ statistical analysis of data.F data.F Proc., Proc., 7 th International "eminar on "tructural Masonry for -evelo$in& Countries * Belo orizonte* Brazil* 2,-"".

6."

Binda* (.* 'aisi* .* /iraboschi* &. #2000$. F+ n4estigation rocedures for the diagnosis of historic masonries.F Construction an Builin& Materials* Materials * 1* 199-2"".

28%21%6


#29-"0$%#1"-1$%#".!-$

&arri@* E.).; lea* ).'.&. #1998$ F(a construcci@n con ladrillo. =4oluci@n e tiologa.F (ratao e #ehabilitaci)n, Patolo&*a y t+cnicas e intervenci)n. Elementos estructurales, (ome !* ! * =ditorial )unilla-(era* )adrid* +'BH 8-891!0-2"-0* 161-18. &arri@* E.).; lea* ).'.&. #1998$ F(a construcci@n con ladrillo. =4oluci@n e tiologa.F (ratao e #ehabilitaci)n, Patolo&*a y t+cnicas e intervenci)n. Elementos estructurales, (ome !* ! * =ditorial )unilla-(era* )adrid* +'BH 8-891!0-2"-0* 161-18.

#<$%#1-1!$%#".!-$ #<$%#18-19$%#".!-$

1,-18th


aults of the )onastery of 'alzedas

'alzedas* Portugal

!.2

&loister of the &hurch of '. =ustorgio

)ilan* +taly

12.!-2,.!

&hurch of 'an )iguel rc5ngel

'ain

#<$%#1,-18$%".!

&hurch of 'an Euan Bautista

taDuines* 'ain

#"2-""$%#1"-1$%".!

&loister of the )onastery of 'alzedas

'alzedas* Portugal

22%12.2%

(azzaretto

ncona* +taly

18.!

&entenary chimney from ceramic industry

BasDue country* 'ain

,."

1!60

19

1!!0-1,!0

1.!-1,.!

(oureno* P.B.; P.B.; asconcelos* asconcelos* 3.; Gamos* (. #2000$. FIiagn@stico s obre as condiNes de estabilidade do claustro do s7c. O+++ - )osteiro de 'alzedas.F Internal 'alzedas.F Internal re$ort EC !1/2 !1/2** Ieartment of &i4il =ngineering* Mni4ersity of )inho. Baronio* 3.; Binda* (. #198!$. FPhysico-mechanical FPhysico-mechanical characteristics a nd durability of bricks from some monuments in )ilan.F Masonry )ilan.F Masonry International * * 29-"!. &arri@* E.).; lea* ).'.&. #1998$ F(a construcci@n con ladrillo. =4oluci@n e tiologa.F (ratao e #ehabilitaci)n, Patolo&*a y t+cnicas e intervenci)n. Elementos estructurales, (ome !* ! * =ditorial )unilla-(era* )adrid* +'BH 8-891!0-2"-0* 161-18. &arri@* E.).; lea* ).'.&. #1998$ F(a construcci@n con ladrillo. =4oluci@n e tiologa.F (ratao e #ehabilitaci)n, Patolo&*a y t+cnicas e intervenci)n. Elementos estructurales, (ome !* ! * =ditorial )unilla-(era* )adrid* +'BH 8-891!0-2"-0* 161-18.

18th

18-19th

(@ez-rce* P.* 3arcia-3uinea* E.* 3racia* ).* bis* E. # 200"$. FBricks in historical buildings of /oledo &ityJ characterization and restoration.F Materials restoration.F Materials Characteriation* Characteriation* !0* !9-68. Barbi* (.; Briccoli Bati* '.; Ganocchiai* 3. #2002$. F)echanical roerties of ancient bricksJ statistical analysis of data.F data.F Proc., Proc., 7 th International "eminar on "tructural Masonry for -evelo$in& Countries * Belo orizonte* Brazil* 2,-"".

!.8

1th

1!th

(@ez-rce* P.* 3arcia-3uinea* E.* 3racia* ).* bis* E. # 200"$. FBricks in historical buildings of /oledo &ityJ characterization and restoration.F Materials restoration.F Materials Characteriation* Characteriation* !0* !9-68.

"0%1"%

(oureno* P.B.; P.B.; asconcelos* asconcelos* 3.; Gamos* (. #2000$. FIiagn@stico s obre as condiNes de estabilidade do claustro do s7c. O+++ - )osteiro de 'alzedas.F Internal 'alzedas.F Internal re$ort EC !1/2 !1/2** Ieartment of &i4il =ngineering* Mni4ersity of )inho. Barbi* (.; Briccoli Bati* '.; Ganocchiai* 3. #2002$. F)echanical roerties of ancient bricksJ statistical analysis of data.F data.F Proc., Proc., 7 th International "eminar on "tructural Masonry for -evelo$in& Countries * Belo orizonte* Brazil* 2,-"".

.2 20.8

0.2

Eimenez* E.; albide* ).; Bengoet>ea* E.; =sina* '.; Godriguez-)aribona* +. #2000$. Fnalysis of the Brick )asonry of a &entenary &himney in BasDue &ountry.F &ountry.F Proc., Proc., 12th International Brick/Block Masonry Conference* Conference* )adrid* !!-!6!.

Date

Brick specimen

"century#

1,th

M01 M02 M0" M0 M0! M06 M0, M08 M09 M10

12-16th

P01 P02 P0" P0 P0! P06 P0, P08 P09 P10 P11 P12 P1" P1 P1! P16 P1, P18 P19 P20 P21 P22 P2" P2 P2! P26 P2, P28 P29 P"0 P"1 P"2 P"" P"

1,th

12-1,th

18-19th

18-19th

/+01 /+02 /+0" /+0 /+0! /+06 /+0, /+08 /+09 /+10 /+11 /+12 /+1" /+1 /+1! /+16 /+1, /+18 /+19 /+20 /+21 /+22 /+2" /+2 /+2! /+26 /+2, /+28 /+29 /+"0 /+"1 /+"2 /01 /02 /0" /0 /0! /06 /0, /08 /09 /10 /11 /12 /1" /1 /1! /16 /1, /18 /19 /20 /21 /22 /2" /2 /2! /26 /2, /28 /01 /02 /0" /0 /0! /06 /0, /08 /09 /10 /11 /12 /1" /1 /1! /16 '01 '02 '0" '0 '0! '06 '0, '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '1" '1 '1! '16 '1, '18 '19 '20 '21 '22

Bulk

Water

weight

absorption

Compressive

Drilling

Location

Dimensions

Porosit y

Suct ion

"Town#

"cm%cm%cm# 1".!%8.!%#".!-$ 1".!%1".!% 12.!%9% 1%8.!%.2 1!%1".2%.! 1%8.!% 1.2%8.8% 1!.!%8.!%.2 1%12.!%" 20%1%.!

"kg)m*#

"(#

"(#

"g)cm+)min#

1,82 169, 1,!! 1,8! 1,12 1,, 1,!1

22.,2 22.68 1,.! 1,.!8 2.0 1,.10 18.21

".11 "!.!8 28.96 28.!! "6.62 28.!8 29.81

1,1 1,06

"2."2 19.!1

".16 "2.0"

1%12%"." 1,.!%1".%" 16.!%12%" 1!.!%11."%" 2"%12%".! 12%11%".2 1"%12%#".!-$ 12.!%12.2%".8 19%12%#".-".9$ 1,%12.2%#"-".$ 2".!%12%#"-".8$ 1%10.2%#"-".1$ 1%12.!%".8 1,.!%11%".8 #10-1"$%12.2%" 1!%1"%#2.!-"$ 16.!%11.!%#-.!$ 16.!%12%! #8-12$%11.!%"." 16%11.!%2., 16%1%".! #2.!-19$%12.!%" 18%12.2%" 1!%11%" #1!-19.!$%12.!%".! 2%12."%#".-".8$ .!-18%12%!.! 12%#6-9.!$%!.! 8%!%!.! 1!%11.!%! 20%11.8%".! #10-18$%11%" 1%12.!%".! 12."%11%".,

1,!2 1,1 18 1,,, 1,60 1,"1 1,"9 1,2" 1,"1 169" 1,86 1,,9 1690 1,"9 1,,! 1,60 1,08 181, 1681 1,86 1,68 1,"9 1,62 1,6" 1, 1,69 1821 182" 1,9 1,"2 1,"9 1,,6 1696 1,2"

1!.98 1!.,2 1.61 9.!! ,.6! 16.!6 1!.22 1!.6 1.98 21.20 !.8! ,.90 21."1 1".86 20.0 20." 19.28 2.," 21.0" ,.,8 1".,1 1".", 10."" 1!.91 12.6" ,.8, 2.08 26.01 2.86 19.2 1".0, 1!.26 16.,2 1.!"

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2.10 21.6 22.1 22.9 2"., 20.06 20.! 1,.61 19.96 21.!! 19.8! 2".88 2."2 19.21 20.0 2".8"

,.98 6.11 6.99 ,.9 6.9, 6.0 6.6, !.!! 6.66 ,.1! 6.,8 ,.! ,.88 ,."6 6.8 ,.2

.08 ".10 ".2, ".9! .00 !.91 ".20 2.8! 2.80 ".22 ".10 ".91 .0, ".00 2.,9 ".99

0."9 0."0 0.29 0.8 0.! 0.!8 0."6 0.29 0.6 0." 0.8 0.0 0. 0."9 0. 0.!1

0.,! 0.,0 0.,6 0.68 0.6! 0.8, 0.91 0., 0.91 0.86 0.8" 0.,2 0.," 0.89 0.8 0.6,

1.88 ".,2 1.0! .00 1.!8 2.08 !.9, 1"."9 .2 ".11 .,9 2.12 1.91 2.," 2.8" 2.2,

2.12 1.!, 2.01 2.09 2.0! 2.06 2.26 2.8" 2."8 2.6 2."! 2.11 2.20 2.6! 1.60 2.10

! "!2 8! !"6 "8, "68 "8, 0" "9 1 "66 !11 ",2 "!9 "! ""

82 90 8, 86 ,2 1"6 1", 162 1", 1"8 121 ,6 6" 12 208 ,8

" 2, " " "0 29 " !6 " 8 6 ", 2 2! 66 1

1!9 129 1"0 1!" 162 119 128 1" 118 1"0 12 1!! 1! 1"6 1"8 161

29! 21, "8! 2,6 "06 "8 "," 68 "12 289 292 26 29! 260 !!9 266

!!.62 !!.,2 !".16 !,., !.,! !,. !6.1" !,." !!.9" !.1! !2.,2 !!.2! !2.90 !.29 !2.6, !!."2 !.8! !2., !6.80 !."1 !.98 !.00

"1.2! 29.,2 "!.!2 "2.2, "1.2 "1.91 "2.00 "0.! 29.61 "2.8" ".92 "".8" 26.91 26.!" "1."2 "2.88 "1."9 "6.08 28.0 "1.9 "2.!9 "6.2,

2.9 .22 2.!1 2.1" ."8 2.1! "., "."2 ".2! .," ".1 2.18 9.20 ,.82 6."0 2.88 ".2" 2.91 ".82 .00 ".81 2.",

!.,8 6.2" .6! .61 !.9 .82 .!9 !.2 6.! .9 .91 !.11 .08 .28 !.!" !.1 !., .,8 6.98 !. .," ."0

".20 2.11 2.1" 2.19 2.2" 2.0, 1.!6 2.1 ".2! 1." 1.90 1.60 1.22 1.!2 1.29 2.0 2.9! 1.62 2.0 2.86 1. 1.!0

0.1! 0."0 0.12 0.1" 0."" 0.1! 0.29 0.28 0.1, 0."8 0.11 0.12 1.09 1.1" 0.!6 0.1 0.1, 0.12 0.26 0.22 0."2 0.1!

0.26 0.,8 1.0" 0.8 0.68 0.,! 0.89 0.29 0.60 0. 1.2" 0.98 2.12 2.2 1.0! 0.!2 0.81 1.2 0.!" 0.6, 1.0, 0.6"

0.,0 0.80 0.,9 0.61 0.80 0.60 0.9 0.82 0.6" 0.99 0.9! 0.81 2.26 1.96 1.1" 0.61 0.,6 0.69 0.,2 0.90 0.92 0.6,

290 "", 292 "1" "69 26 "82 "9 "!2 08 0 "80 ,!0 ,"8 !01 "!6 ", 208 0 2,8 "!0 22"

2 126 1! 9" ,1 102 1"6 12" 60 1"" "9 88 28" "!2 1, 29 6 1 11" !, 11 98

," 0 9, 116 98 101 120 90 90 0 1!8 1,1 20 2!6 121 ,8 8" 9 0 10 18 102

"0 01 266 ""6 260 "61 "2, "" "2! "80 "1 "!9 206 26! ""2 2,1 "28 289 00 28" "98 "!"

19! "!6 20" 2!2 "0, 2!! 2" 280 2!8 "8! 2" 229 6"2 660 ",6 2 2"6 2, !0! 29! "11 26

6."0 ,."2 ,.1 11." 16.81 6.,0 ,.0, ,.8! 8.26 22.2, 1."0 8.8, 6., 10.90 6.0, 2."" 6."8

1"., 10.9, 10.6! 9.1" 19.69 2.01

1."6 ,.2, 2.!2 ".61 ".88

9.6, 10.,9

".96 10.10

2.61 .1

1."9 2."6 1!.! 1., 1., 0.98 8.2 1.,, !.00 2.91 ".69 2.10 9.19 1.10 6.! 1.!"

.2, ."2

!.9 10.68 .6 8.1" "."2 .!8

.99 ".86 2.0"

1.82 1.9 8.88 0.86 11.1 2."8 !.,9 2.11 1.6! 1."" 1."9

,."1 16." ,.,6 8.6 12.60

,.6" ,.82 .1" ."6 6.!! .1" 8.6! 2.!1 9.0, ".92 10.!6 11.,6

9.01 2.6 1!.89 6.6"

0.1! 0.12 0.0, 0.09 0.18 0.2, 0.1 0.1, 0.08 0.1

".96 .0 ".22 2. ,.8, 10.12 20.!2 ".69 2.61 !.98 ,.!, ".89 2,.89 16.8, ".09 !.08 .19 1.61 ".86 0.!2 1.,8 18.1! ,.6, 8.22 ,.0 6.,9 !." 21.00 0.! 0.6

2.00 ".16 12.18 6.2! 8.!9 ,.29

12.9" !."9 10.,6 6.9!

0.18

Chemical properties

strength "1)mm+#

6."" 2.69 .8" 2. 2.!! ".68 9.89 !.!" ".00 !.!6 ".19 ".,

28.!0 1,.61 "1. 1".1 2".98 11.1 ,.1, 2!.99 .61 8.68

,., ".1 10.21 10.29 !.6,

Si,+

Date

Brick specimen

"century#

21th

21th

301 302 30" 30 30! 306 30, 308 309 310 311 312 31" 31 31! 316 31, 318 319 320 321 322 32" 32 32! 326 32, 328 329 3"0 3"1 3"2 3"" 3" 3"! 3"6 3", 3"8 3"9 30 31 32 3" 3 3! 36 3, 38 39 3!0 3!1 3!2 3!" 3! 3!! 3!6 3!, 3!8 3!9 360 361 362 36" 36 36! 366 36, 368 369 3,0 3,1 3,2 3," 3, 3,! 3,6 3,, 3,8 3,9 380 381 382 38" 38 38! 386 38, 388 389 390 391 392 39" 39 39! 396 39, 398 399 P&01 P&02 P&0" P&0 P&0! P&06 P&0, P&08 P&09 P&10 P&11 P&12 P&1" P&1 P&1! P&16 P&1, P&18 P&19 P&20 P&21 P&22 P&2" P&2 P&2! P&26 P&2, P&28 P&29 P&"0 P&"1 P&"2 P&"" P&" P&"! P&"6 P&", P&"8 P&"9 P&0 P&1 P&2 P&" P& P&! P&6 P&, P&8 P&9 P&!0 P&!1 P&!2 P&!" P&! P&!! P&!6 P&!, P&!8 P&!9

Location

Water

Porosity

Suction

"cm%cm%cm# "kg)m*#

"(#

"(#

"g)cm+)min#

3al4eias

20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 20%10%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 2!%1%6 28.!%28.!%" 28.!%28.!%" "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!%

1," 1,"2 1," 1,29 1,2, 1,"8 1,2! 1,"0 1," 1,2! 1,"1 1,26 1,", 1,2! 1,"8 1,2, 1,"1 1,"2 1,"! 1,"6 1,"1 1,28 1,28 1,"! 1,"" 1,"0 1,29 1,"! 1,"2 1,26 1,"6 1,"! 1,", 1,1 1,"" 1,,0 1,86 1,"6 1,"9 1,"2 1,66 1," 1,,, 1,", 1,2, 1,"1 1,,! 1,,2 1,"2 1,82 1,"" 1,"8 1,0 1,"1 1,2" 1,"2 1,1 1,", 1,"9 1,"! 1,"8 1,, 1,"6 1," 1,"! 1,19 1,10 1,26 1,28 1,2, 1,2 1,26 1,2 1,"0 1," 1,28 1," 1,26 1,"1 1,22 1,26 1,22 1,2, 1,2! 1,29 1,"2 1,"0 1,1 1,"0 1,"6 1,! 1,2 1,29 1,2! 1,26 1,1, 1," 1,29 1,18

11.08 10.8 10.88 10.8" 11."" 11.21 11.01 11.62 10.92 11.0 11.0 11.06 10.90 10.8! 11.0" 11.1" 10.,2 10.,1 11.02 11.1" 11.0! 10.68 11.00 11.1 11.0 10.,6 11.01 10.86 10.96 10.,, 10.,8 10.,, 11.06 10.,0 10.6! 11."6 11.9, 11.28 11.,0 11.26 11.1" 10.," 12.0" 11.26 11.10 10.9 11.!" 11.99 10.62 11.6 11.," 11.21 11.6 10.82 11.10 10.68 11." 10.98 11.2 10.9, 11.6" 11.! 10.6" 11.8 11.66 12.12 12. 11.!" 11.,1 11.!! 11.82 10.82 11.2 11.6 11.16 11.86 11.!! 11.2! 11.0 10.90 11."" 11."" 11.86 11.6, 11.1 11.6! 10.6" 11.68 9.2" 11.28 11.1 11."0 11.!" 11.81 11.19 9.8 11."2 11."1 10.0

20., 20.2 20. 20. 21.21 20.89 20.,6 21.!8 20.!0 20.80 20.,2 20.8" 20.! 20.!2 20.6" 20.92 20.2 20.22 20.6! 20.,9 20., 20.2" 20.,1 20.8" 20.,0 20."1 20.,1 20.0 20.!8 20."9 20.28 20.26 20.6, 20.10 20.11 20.,1 21."9 21.01 21.!9 21.0 20.1 20.22 21.!, 20.98 20.8, 20.!, 20.90 21.!8 20.09 20.9, 21.,1 20.89 21.2" 20.0 20.92 20.1, 21.1, 20.!, 21.18 20.!, 21.9 21.2! 20.0 21." 21.!8 22.6 2".06 21.!2 21.,! 21.!" 21.," 20.6 21.12 21."! 20.86 21.9, 21. 21.11 21.26 20.6" 21.2" 21.2, 21.98 21.," 20.90 21.62 20.12 21.!" 1,.96 21.01 20.!8 21.20 21., 21.9" 21.01 19.0, 21.10 21.1 19.",

"0%1!%6 "0%1!%6 "0%1!%6 "0%1!%6 "0%1!%6 "0%1!%6 "0%1!%6 "0%1!%6 "0%1!%6 "0%1!%6 "0%1!%6 "0%1!%6 "0%1!%6 "0%1!%6 "0%1!%6 "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% "0%1!% 2!%10%! 2!%10%! 2!%10%! 2!%10%! 2!%10%! 2!%10%! 2!%10%! 2!%10%! 2!%10%! 2!%10%! 2!%10%! 2!%10%! 2!%10%! 2!%10%!

1,!1 1,9 1,!1 1,!" 1,! 1,66 1,!! 1,!0 1,!8 1,! 1,0 1,6! 1,6 1,69 1,9 1,!0 1,60 1,! 1,61 1,! 1,6" 1,!6 1,6" 1,! 1,!1 1,"9 1,2 1,!" 1,6 1,9 1,"6 1,8 1,,8 1,! 1,,8 1,!0 1,"9 1,!2 1,0 1,62 1,!1 1,!, 1," 1,!" 1,2 1,, 1,62 1,!2 1,0 1,1 1,!2 1,!0 1,, 1,8 1,!! 1,8 1,9 1,!1 1,!

11.2! 11.22 11.2, 11. 11.1, 10.8" 11.0! 10.6 10.96 11.16 10.69 11.01 10.,2 10.,2 10.96 10.!0 10.28 9.98 10." 9.99 10.6, 10.6" 10."6 9.!1 10.06 10."8 10.!6 9.98 10."2 10.6! 10.1" 11.21 9.80 11.!" 9.86 10.2 10.8, 10.61 9.9! 9.68 10.9 10.0, 10.01 10.,, 9.9! 11.!0 11.0" 10.81 11.6 11.9, 10.!6 11.08 10., 10.,! 10.60 10.,1 10.!8 10.66 10 61

20.,9 20.,6 20.80 21.0" 20., 19.98 20.! 19.89 20.2, 20.61 20.10 20.26 19.8! 19.,8 20."8 19.68 19.2 18.9 19."0 18.96 19.,8 19.80 19."1 18.22 19.00 19.6" 19.8, 18.86 19., 19.91 19.29 20.,6 18."0 21.2, 18."9 19.28 20."6 19.82 18.96 18.28 20."2 18.9 19.01 20.0 18.9! 21.19 20."1 20.12 21.2" 21.9! 19., 20.!! 20.0, 20.0, 19.,, 20.02 19.81 19.91 19 80

'. Pedro do&or4al

Dimensions

Bulk

"Town#

weight absorption

Compressive strength "1)mm+#

Drilling

Chemical properties

resistance Si,+ .l+,* /e+,* 0 +, 1a+, Ti,+ Ca, &g, "1)mm+#

"(#

&n

!08 !00

2,2 "06

,6 ,"

1!1 160

,!, 11!1

6,.!0 18.6

!.61

.21 0.90

1.29 0.62 1.2"

!"1

"0"

,9

1,"

,2"

6.,1 19.8,

6.9

." 0.66

1.!0 0.,1 1.!1

!89

"9

9,

1,1

90

0.!, 0.6" 0.21 0.2, 0."6 0.28 0.! 0. 0."0 0."8 0.6 0."6 0.!" 0."

!!.!2 20.21 9.21 ".0 2.01 !2.9, 19.60 11.0 ".90 1.9

1.11 .06 .26 1."" .0 .6!

" !,9

19" 2!,

28 "0"

10 10

11," 10,

0.9,

!2., 1 8.96 11.8 "., 1.!

1."! !."0 ."

!6

2,8

"0,

12,

1!

!".99 19.61 10.6 ".9 1.,1

1.20 .," .!8

!8

210

22

10,

1"9

0.80 0.60

"(#

b

1.09 0.!2 1.1" 1.2 0.62 1.2"

0.,"

"(#

Sr

.1 0.,0 .0! 0.,

8.2, 9.,1

"(#

-r

"(#

.,! !.0

9.6 ,.68

"(#

Ba

"(#

69.12 18.", 68.!" 18."2

"(# "ppm# "ppm# "ppm# "ppm# "ppm#

8.!2

9.16

0.!6

9.02

0.98

10.!0 8.6

0.9" 0.61

0.12

11.68

1.1!

0.18

8.,

0.!6

0.18

8.98

0.8

0.1

9.,6

0.62

0.18

8.21

0.!8

0.19

9.0

0.6!

0.9!

0.,0

0.68

1.16 1.00

0.12 0.1,

0.20

0.1,

6.1 6.", ".98 .28 6."1 6.2! 6.6" ,.18 ,.62 !."1 !."2 6.99 6.1" 6.19 !.02

0.66

0.,8 0.6

0.91

Clay Bricks

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