What is hyaline membrane disease "respiratory distress distress syndrome# and what are $ ris% factors? "race, !ender, deliery method?#
In infants with HMD, hypox h ypoxemia emia is the result of 3 factors. . .
What are some other problems on the DDx for HMD?
Treatment Treatment of HMD?
What is the most common cause of respiratory distress in newborns? What is TT&? 'x(((D' How is it treated?'x(((D' treated?'x(((D' What are some ris% factors?
What are the four leels of co!nitie deelopment and the a!es at which they occur?
What are the a!e ran!es of the followin! in !irls-'x(((D' reast deelopment be!ins'x(((D' reast deelopment complete'x(((D' /ubic hair appears'x(((D' 0rowth spurt be!ins'x(((D' Menarche What are the a!e ran!es of the followin! in boys-'x(((D' 1# Testes !rowth be!ins'x(((D' 2# /ubic hair appears'x(((D' 3# /enis !rowth be!ins'x(((D' # 0enital !rowth complete'x(((D' 4# 0rowth spurt starts'x(((D' 5# *tren!th spurt How lon! after the !rowth spurt does menarche happen? How lon! after thelarche? How many years does puberty ta%e to complete in !irls?'x(((D' boys? How does )*H and +H relate to pubarche? What is responsible for pubic hair !rowth? era!e linear !rowth be!ins at what a!e for boys s. !irls? what is the narrowest point in the pediatric airway? 6roup'x(((D' most common a!es?'x(((D' When is the cou!h worse?'x(((D' Mana!ement?
t what a!es should you-'x(((D' double birth wei!ht'x(((D' triple birth wei!ht'x(((D' 7uadruple birth wei!ht? How is mid parental hei!ht calculated? What is the most sensitie test for primary hypothyroidism? What is the most common thyroid disorder in %ids? What is the a!e cuto8 where no permanent intellectual or neurolo!ical dama!e is done durin! h ypothyroidism What isac7uired the mosthypothyroidism common cause of hyperthyroidism in %ids? What antibodies would be present in-'x(((D' 0raes disease'x(((D' Hyper phase of hashimotos'x(((D' Hypo phase of hashimoto
What are 3 anti9thyroid dru! treatments and their side e8ects "2#
What a!e can children reciee radioactie ablation with no concerns for mali!nancy? What percent of patients remain hyperthyroid after initial ablation? What are the remission rates after 2 years of medication therapy for h yperthyroid? What is the most appropriate treatment of a 13 year old with 0raes disease? What is the DDx for a con!enital !oiter? Describe the course of Measles
Describe the course of :ubella
:oseola infantum
;rythema Infectiosum
How lon! are aricella patients conta!ious for? What test can be used to test for it? Hand )oot Mouth disesase What is the most common cause of hemato!enously spread cellulitis? Treatment of the followin! Tineas-'x(((D' 6apitis'x(((D' 6orporis<6ruris
era!e !rowth elocities for-'x(((D' (912 months 'x(((D' 1292 mo 'x(((D' 2935 mo'x(((D' 35 months 9 puberty 'x(((D' /uberty What should be assumed about hei!ht deceleration between the a!es of 3 and 12 years? De=nition of short stature Delayed , subnormal !rowth rate, obesity "2 possibilities# What would you order for lab ealuation of short stature?
Why can there be a false positie rate on T*H in newborns? How is transient hyperthyroidism treated?
baby is screened with a total T leel which is decreased. The T*H is normal. What is the next step? When do %ids adopt adult stoolin! patterns? >smotic Diarrhea. . 'x(((D' 9stool sodium? 'x(((D' 9>smolarity?'x(((D' 9;xo!enous s. endo!enous DDx?
*ecretory Diarrhea'x(((D' *odium?'x(((D' >smolarity?'x(((D' DDx? Treatments of the followin!-'x(((D' 0iardiasis'x(((D' 6ryptosporidium
6T;:+
6H:0; 9 what each letter means
M@:6*
Turner syndrome- heart defects "2#, renal, appearance
la!ille *yndrome- 'x(((D' 9heart defect, lier, eye, ertebral, appearance, cause
/rader Willi- 'x(((D' 9ppearance in the infant. ppearance of older child.
6ornelia de +an!e- appearance
Di 0eor!e- heart, ;ndocrine, appearance, inheritance
Williams *yndrome- cardiac, endocrine, appearance, inheritance
)eatures of Trisomy 1A
Trisomy 13 What itamin de=ciencies are associated with the followin! diets?'x(((D' e!an?'x(((D' 0oats Mil%? What anemias are the followin! ethnicities associated with?'x(((D' 9frican merican?'x(((D' 9Mediterranean?'x(((D' 9*outheast asian?'x(((D' 9&orthern ;uropean? What type of anemia is associated with nail spoonin!? What are the two types of microcytic anemia? What are the types of macrocytic anemia?
What are the $ types of normocytic anemia? How is hemophilia inherited? What lab abnormalities are seen with hemophilia? Mild
What are the 3 thin!s that are done prophylactically on a newborn?
De=ne the followin! and what to do with them-'x(((D' 6ephalohematoma'x(((D' 6aput *uccedaneum
t what a!e do most umbilical hernias close? In re!ards to DDH, what a!e is the >rtolani and arlow si!ns no lon!er positie? What is a dia!nostic si!n at this point? What radiolo!y is used for DDH? t what a!e do the followin! reexes disappear?'x(((D' Moro'x(((D' *teppin!'x(((D' *uc% and :oot'x(((D' /almer 0rasp'x(((D' /lantar 0rasp'x(((D' )encer What is the ounce re7uirement for nutrition per pound for an infant? How lon! should a car seat face bac%wards for? What are uses for 6e=pime?
What is the spectrum of actiity of 6arbapenems? How do Meropenem and Imipenem di8er?
What is the monobactam Ctreonam e8ectie a!ainst? mino!lycosides-'x(((D' 9 3 examples?'x(((D' 9 spectrum of actiity?;xplain its syner!ism
*pectrum of actiity for anco?
Macrolides-'x(((D' 2 ;xamples'x(((D' $ bu!s it can treat well
+incosamides-'x(((D' 1 ;xample'x(((D' *pectrum of actiity TM/<*ME-'x(((D' Mechanism of action?'x(((D' *pectrum of actiity? Tetracyclines-'x(((D' 2 examples'x(((D' *pectrum of actiity
Fuinolones-'x(((D' *pectrum of actiity'x(((D' 1st, 2nd, 3rd, th !eneration?
+ineColid'x(((D' spectrum of actiity? *trepto!ramins-'x(((D' 2 examples'x(((D' spectrum Daptomycin'x(((D' spectrum Telithromycin Ti!ecycline
for the followin! uids, state the amount of &a6l present-'x(((D' . &*'x(((D' 1<2 &*'x(((D' 1< &*'x(((D' +:'x(((D' D4W )or the followin! uids, state the >*M of each-'x(((D' . &*'x(((D' 1<2 &*'x(((D' 1< &*'x(((D' +:'x(((D' D4W What numbers are used to calculate maintenance uids per %!? How much &a, G, 6l, and 0lucose are re7uired for each 1(( ml of water?
6alculate MI re7. per day for a 12 %! child.
6alculate MI re7. per day for a $( %! child and conert to hourly rate
What is the max rate to correct serum sodium in hypo
Di8erentiate between simple and complex seiCures What meds are used in both !eneraliCed and partial seiCures?
What med is used only in !eneraliCed seiCures?
What meds are only used in partial seiCures?
what is the a!e ran!e for febrile seiCures? percent recurrence for febrile seiCures in %ids? what is the most common physical disability in childhood? What are the four main options to treat epilepsy?
What are the criteria for the asthma seerities?
What are the treatments for-'x(((D' Mild intermittent'x(((D' Mild persistent'x(((D' Moderate persistent'x(((D' *eere persistent
what is the most common inherited lethal dC in caucasians? How is it inherited? The =rst thin! to come to mind with rectal prolapse? Which onset type of : is most common? /ericarditis is most li%ely to occur in which type of :? @eitis is most li%ely to occur in which of the followin!-'x(((D' little boys with pauci :'x(((D' little !irls with pauci : What is the most useful in early dia!nosis of ueitis in :? What is the best initial tx for :? T<)-'x(((D' 19In pauci and poly :, the & test is more li%ely to be positie than is the :) test'x(((D' 29In systemic :, both the & and :) are expected to be ne!atie'x(((D' 39In pauci :, & positiity is associated with an increased ris% of eentual ueitis'x(((D' 9:) positiity is Just as commin in : as it is in adult :
When is a child most susceptible to infection? Dia!nostic criteria for Gawasa%i
HMD is due to insuKcient surfactant at the time of birth. This increases surface tension and decreases lun! compliance. 'x(((D' 'x(((D' :is% factors include-'x(((D' Male, /remature, 6aucasian, 0est. Diabetes, 69section, 2nd born twin, )Hx. :i!ht to left shuntin! ia-'x(((D' 'x(((D' shunt essels in the lun!'x(((D' past atelectatiic air spaces'x(((D' /D, /)> TT& 9 6E: shows hi!her lun! olumes'x(((D' 'x(((D' acterial /& 9 diKcult to distin!uish from 0*. :outine to treat all HMD babies with E until "9#6x are receied'x(((D' 'x(((D' /ulmonary ;dema 9 many causes'x(((D' 'x(((D' spiration /& 9 meconium or amniotic uid. 1# /reent premature deliery. 'x(((D' 2#If preterm deliery is ineitable, then treat with steroids antenatally'x(((D' 3#*urfactant replacement therapy TT& TT& is a delayed clearance of fetal lun! uid. 'x(((D' 'x(((D' Treatment-'x(((D' self limited with resolution within A9$2 hours. *ome treatment includes uid restriction and oxy!en.'x(((D' 'x(((D' :is% factors include- 'x(((D' 69section'x(((D' /remature'x(((D' Delayed clampin! of the umbilical cord'x(((D' Maternal sedation'x(((D' Maternal diabetes'x(((D' )etal distress
*ensorimotor 9 2 years'x(((D' /reoperational 9 29$ y
perational 9 $912 y
1# reast de. A913'x(((D' 2# reast de. complete 1291A'x(((D' 3# /ubic hair appears A91'x(((D' # 0rowth spurt 91'x(((D' 4# Menarche 1(915 1# Testes !rowth be!ins 913'x(((D' 2# /ubic hair appears 1(914'x(((D' 3# /enis !rowth be!ins 1(91'x(((D' # 0enital !rowth complete 1391A'x(((D' 4# 0rowth spurt starts 1(915'x(((D' 5# *tren!th spurt 1391$
3 years after menarche'x(((D' 2 years after thelarche years'x(((D' 3 years in boys @nrelated DH;, DH;* 1( years for !irls'x(((D' 11.4 for boys sub!lottic trachea 5 months 9 4 years'x(((D' Worse at ni!ht'x(((D' 9humidi=cation'x(((D' 9cold air'x(((D' 9steroids'x(((D' 9epinephrine aerosols'x(((D' 9heliox Double- 4 months'x(((D' Triple- 12 months'x(((D' Fuadruple 2 years oys- )H N "MH N 4#<2'x(((D' 0irls- )H N "MH 9 4#<2 T*H Hashimotos thyroiditis 3 years old 0raes 0raes 9 anti9T*I'x(((D' Hashimotos, hyper phase 9 anti9T/> and anti thyro!lobulin'x(((D' 'x(((D' Hashimotos hypo phase 9 same has hyper phase
/T@, MethimaCole, 6abimaCole'x(((D' 'x(((D' *ide ;8ects include- a!ranulocytosis, hepatitis 4 249(O 24O MethimaCole &eonatal 0raes'x(((D' 6on!enital Hypothyroidism A912 day incubation prodrome "conJunctiitis, coryCa, feer, cou!h, malaise# %opli% spots maculopapular rash be!innin! on the head and spreadin! down. /aramyxoirus. MaJor complication is subacute sclerosin! panencephalitis
6aused by :ubellairus " To!airus# When infected postnatally, it is often asx. *x can include, erythematous maculopap discrete rash, with !eneraliCed +D and feer. Transient polyarthral!ias'x(((D' 'x(((D' When infected prenatally, it is much more serious. *x include, heart
6aused by HH95, be!ins with abrupt feer "1(391(5# for 194 days, child appears well durin! the feer, after 39 febrile days a M/ rash deelops on trun% and spreads peripherally, feer resoles as rash appears, /aroirus 19 Mild, self limitin!, no prodrome, low !rade feer "if any#, :ash be!ins as slapped chee%, erythematous, pruritic M/ rash deelops on arms and spreads to trun%ral !riseofulin for 95 wee%s'x(((D' topical antifun!als for w%s Increasin! insulin resistance from 3am9Aam. &octurnal 0H secretion. *u!ar is normal at 3am and hi!h at Aam :ebound hyper!lycemia followin! hypo!lycemia. +ow su!ar at 3am and hi!h at Aam Hei!ht elocity
(9129 9 24cm'x(((D' 12929 9 12cm'x(((D' 29359 9 Acm'x(((D' 35mo9puberty9 9 9$cm per year'x(((D' /uberty9 9 A91cm
)ree T. . .if decreased alon! with normal T*H then you need to rule out central hypothyroidism. If normal, then they hae T0 de=ciency 1 year old *tool sodium B $( me7<+ 'x(((D' >*M L2x"&aNG#'x(((D' ;xo!enous- laxaties, arti=cial sweeteners, antacids, excessie 6H>, lactulose'x(((D' ;ndo!enous- disaccharidase de=ciency, pancreatic insuKciency, infectious diarrhea, loss of surface area "short !ut, ID, 6eliac, mil% protein enteropathy, rota#
*tool sodium L$(me7<+ >*MQ2x"&aNG#'x(((D' DDx- infection with toxi!enic or!anism "6holera, ;. coli, salmonella, 6. di8#'x(((D' Mucosal necrosis or atrophy, bile acid malabsorption, Hormone secretin! tumors
0iardiasis-'x(((D' MetronidaCole, nitaCoxanide, furaColinide'x(((D' 6ryptosporidium-'x(((D' &itaCoxanide, aCithromycin
erterbra "hemiertebrae#'x(((D' nus "imperforate#'x(((D' 6ardiac "*D#'x(((D' T; =stula'x(((D' :enal "horseshoe#'x(((D' +imb "clubfoot# 6oloboma'x(((D' Heart "*D#'x(((D' tresia choanae'x(((D' :enal "fused %idneys#'x(((D' ;ar "deafness# Mullerian duct "absent prox 2<3 of a!ina#'x(((D' :enal a!enesis'x(((D' 69*pine defects 649T1 icuspid aortic ale'x(((D' coarctation'x(((D' horseshoe %idney'x(((D' low set ears'x(((D' wide nipples //*'x(((D' /aucity of intrahepatic bile ducts'x(((D' Direct hyperbili'x(((D' >pa7ue mar!in of cornea'x(((D' utterylder child- mar%ed wei!ht !ain, M:, unusual eatin! behaiors, s%in pic%in!, ra!e
0rowth retardation, lon! eyelashes, thic% eyebrows, upturned nares, hirsutism, hypoplastic nipples, short limbs, missin! di!its, !enital abnormalities. &o dia!nostic test aailable +eft sided heart lesions, hypocalcemia, 'x(((D' prominent nose, 'x(((D' lon! =n!ers, 'x(((D' hi!h arched
*upraalular aortic stenosis, 'x(((D' Hypercalcemia, 'x(((D' )ull lips and lower face, *tellate pattern to iris, 'x(((D' mild to moderate M: with coc%tail party personality. 'x(((D' 'x(((D' D inheritance for a8ected indiidual, 'x(((D' sporadic inheritance. Hypertonic'x(((D' >erlappin! =n!ers'x(((D' Most miscarry'x(((D' (O die within a year Midline abnormalities, most miscarry e!an 9 12 de=ciency'x(((D' 0oats mil% 9 folate de=ciency 9 Hb*, Hb6, thalassemia, 05/D'x(((D' Mediterranean 9 Thalassemia, 05/D'x(((D' *outheast asian 9 Thalassemia, Hb;'x(((D' &orthern ;uropean'x(((D' Hereditary *pherocytosis Iron De=cient Iron De=cient'x(((D' Thalassemia plastic anemia'x(((D' Diamond9blac%fan'x(((D' +ier disease'x(((D' Myelodysplastic syndrome *ic%le cell, H*, 05/D, IH, H@*, Infxn, :enal disease : a/TT eleated, normal a/TT mix, decreased III or IE DD/ DD/ 4(O resole within 192 months'x(((D' A(O resole within 5 months 14 words 9 at 1A months'x(((D' 2 word phrases 9 t 2 months 3 y
it. G'x(((D' ;ye infxn prophylaxis with erythromycin or tetracycline eye ointment'x(((D' Hep 9 moms status, HI0 s. accine 6ephalohematoma 9 'x(((D' lood under periosteum'x(((D' Does not cross suture lines'x(((D' +eae alone, will !o away'x(((D' 6aput *uccedaneum'x(((D' scalp edema from pressure'x(((D' Di8use, crosses suture line'x(((D' :esoles in 192 days 39 years after A912 wee%s, the >< si!n isnt positie and limited abduction is a more reliable si!n efore months 9 @<*'x(((D' fter months 9 plain hip xray Moro 9 3 months'x(((D' *teppin! 9 5 wee%s'x(((D' *uc% and :oot 9 mo. awa%e $ mo. asleep'x(((D' /almer 0rasp 9 months'x(((D' /lantar 0rasp 9 1( months'x(((D' )encer 9 5 months
293 oC.
;rythromycin, Cithromycin'x(((D' 'x(((D' +. /neumophila'x(((D' M. /neumoniae'x(((D' 6. /neumomoniae'x(((D' 6. Trachomatis'x(((D' . /ertussis'x(((D' M. 6attharalis'x(((D' 6amphylobacter 6linda'x(((D' 'x(((D' 0N aerobes'x(((D' 0N<09 anaerobes inhibition of folic acid pthwy'x(((D' 'x(((D' 09 aerobes'x(((D' *taph aureus Doxycycline, Minocycline'x(((D' 'x(((D' :ic%ettsia'x(((D' M. /neumo'x(((D' 6. /neumo'x(((D' 6. Trachomatis'x(((D' *. aureus M:* 1st !en- 09 rods'x(((D' 2nd !en- 09 rods, pseudomonas, *taph aureus 'x(((D' 3rd !en- 09 rods, pseudomonas, *taph aureus, /6& resistant *. pneumo, +e!oinella, 6hlamydia, Mycoplasma'x(((D' th !en- eerythin! aboe plus anaerobes 0N "incl. beta lactam resistant and anco resistant# Dalfopristin, Fuinupristin'x(((D' 'x(((D' 0N "except enterococcus and those resistant to beta lactams and ancomycin# s%in infections due to strep spp. M:* and ;. )aecalis e8ectie a!ainst respiratory patho!ens 0N<09 aerobes
. &*. . .14m;7 &a6l'x(((D' 1<2 &*. . $$m;7 &a6l'x(((D' 1< &*. . .3Am;7 &a6l'x(((D' +: . . . .1$m;7 &a6l'x(((D' D4W. . . .(m;7 &a6l . &*. . .3(A m>sm<+'x(((D' 1<2 &*. . 14 m>sm<+'x(((D' 1< &*. . $$ m>sm<+'x(((D' +:. . . . 31( m>sm<+'x(((D' D4W. . . .24( m>sm<+ 2 1'x(((D' 1(( 4( 2( 3m;7 &a'x(((D' 2m;7 G'x(((D' 4m;7 6l'x(((D' 4 !rams !lucose 1(((N1(( Q 11((ml/'x(((D' 2# D4 1<2&* with 2(m;7 G at-'x(((D' 1.4x MI for mild dehyd.'x(((D' 2 times MI for moderate dehyd'x(((D' 2.4x MI for seere dehyd. *imple 9 no chan!e in consciousness'x(((D' 6omplex 9 alteration of consciousness alproic cid'x(((D' /henobarbitaol'x(((D' /henytoin'x(((D' +amotri!ine'x(((D' Topiramate enCos
carbamaCepine'x(((D' oxcarbaCepine'x(((D' felbamate'x(((D' !abapentin 5 months 9 5 years 33O 6/ ;Ds'x(((D' Geto!enic Diet'x(((D' *ur!ery'x(((D' a!us nere stimulator Mild Intermittent- *xB1x per wee%, brief ares, ni!httime sxB2x per month'x(((D' 'x(((D' Mild persistant- *xL2x per wee% but not daily. ni!ht sx 2 times per month'x(((D' 'x(((D' Moderate persistant- daily sx, ares limit actiity. ni!ht sxL1x per wee%'x(((D' 'x(((D' *eere persistent- continual sx, limit actiity, fre7uent ni!ht sx.
Mild intermittent- no daily meds, inhaled 2 a!onist prn'x(((D' 'x(((D' Mild persistent- one daily med li%e an inhaled corticosteroid plus a short actin! bronchodilator prn'x(((D' 'x(((D' Moderate persistent- Daily med either inhaled steroid with or w
slit lamp &*ID 1#T'x(((D' 2#T'x(((D' 3#)'x(((D' #T
5912 w%s )eer for 4 days plus of the followin!-'x(((D' 1#:ash'x(((D' 2#ilateral 6onJunctiitis'x(((D' 3#1.4 cm node'x(((D' #chan!es of lips
