Is the process of creating and building infrastructure or a facility. It diers from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically inoles mass production of similar items !ithout a designated purchaser" !hile construction is typically done on location for a #no!n client.
T$%&S O' CONSTRUCTION
(uilding Construction Residential construction Ne! construction techni)ues and sustainability
(UI*+IN, CONSTRUCTION
(uilding construction is the process of adding structure to real property or construction of buildings. The ast ma-ority of building construction -obs are small renoations" such as addition of a room" or renoation of a bathroom. Often" the o!ner of the property acts as laborer" paymaster" and design team for the entire pro-ect.
R&SI+&NTI* CONSTRUCTION
Residential construction is the business of building and selling indiidual and multi/family d!ellings. The mar#et fragments into single/unit" manufactured" duple0" )uadple0" and apartments and condominiums. 1anufactured housing further diides into mobile homes and pre/built houses.
N&2 CONSTRUCTION T&C3NI4U&S N+ SUSTIN(I*IT$
Ne! techni)ues of building construction are being researched" made possible by adances in 5+ printing technology. In a form of additive building construction" similar to the additie many facturing techni)ues for manufactured parts" building printing is ma#ing it possible to 6e0ibly construct small commercial buildings and priate habitations in around 78 hours" !ith built/in plumbing and electrical facilities" in one continuous build" using large 5+ printers 2or#ing ersions of 5+/printing building technology are already printing 7 metres 9: ft ; in< of building material per hour as of =anuary 78>5" !ith the ne0t/generation printers capable of 5.? metres 9>> ft< per hour" su@cient to complete a
CONSTRUCTION %ROC&SS&S
Design team
In the modern industrialiAed !orld" construction usually inoles the translation of designs into reality. formal design team may be assembled to plan the physical proceedings" and to integrate those proceedings !ith the other parts. The design usually consists of dra!ings and speciBcations.
Financial advisors
Construction pro-ects can suer from preentable Bnancial problems. Underbids happen !hen builders as# for too little money to complete the pro-ect. Cash 6o! problems e0ist !hen the present amount of funding cannot coer the current costs for labour and materials" and because they are a matter of haing su@cient funds at a speciBc time" can arise een !hen the oerall total is enough. 'raud is a problem in many Belds" but is notoriously prealent in the construction Beld. 'inancial planning for the pro-ect is intended to ensure that a solid plan !ith ade)uate safeguards and contingency plans are in place before the pro-ect is started and is re)uired to ensure that the plan is properly e0ecuted oer the life of the pro-ect.
TRAININ RE!UIRED FOR CONSTRUCTION WORK
Construction site !or# to be done by any engineer !ill depend on the siAe and comple0ity of the pro-ect. Smaller pro-ects may re)uire a single engineer !ho !ould hae to handle all aspects. s pro-ect siAes gro!" !or#loads in arious branches of the pro-ect increase and may re)uire an engineer to superise and oersee only the particular department to !hich he is assigned. &ngineers during their professional education and training are gien the necessary s#ills and #no!ledge in all aspects of engineering and the trades to proide superisory and supporting roles in the construction Beld. In addition they also hae #no!ledge of scheduling" planning" design" sureying" management" and the cost aspects of a pro-ect. One thing that has to be constantly #ept in mind by anyone see#ing opportunities in construction is that such !or#s are of a temporary nature and only last until the completion of the pro-ect.
FIELD WORK ON CONSTRUCTION "RO#ECTS
&ngineers concerned !ith direct Beld!or# hae to allocate the !or# to the arious agencies under their control" arrange for materials and e)uipment" and ensure that the !or#s are carried out by the !or#ers as per the speciBcations laid do!n and as per dra!ings gien to them by the planners. They !ould hae to also ensure that the !or# is carried out as per the gien schedule" and this !ould re)uire constant monitoring of the productiity of the !or#ers under their control. The safety aspect of the !or#ers has also to be ensured by the engineer. On larger sites" separate engineers !ould be concerned !ith the laying out of the !or# and the measuring it after it is completed. separate 4 4C section !ould also oersee the necessary )uality.
OFFSITE WORK AND COORDINATION
There is also a substantial amount of !or# that has to be done o site in any construction pro-ect. This can inole detail scheduling and monitoring of progress to ensure that the !or# is !ithin the time schedule enisaged by the o!ners or sta#eholders. ttention is also re)uired to be paid to procurement of the materials to ensure that the schedule of construction is not interrupted. %roision of temporary facilities li#e o@ces" storage space" !ater supply" electricity" and security may re)uire the attention of the engineer.
O""ORTUNITIES IN CONSTRUCTION FOR "EO"LE IN TRADES
Opportunities in construction depend on the educational bac#ground and ocational training people hae ac)uired before their entry into the industry. Uns#illed and semi/s#illed site labor" !hich is re)uired on most pro-ect sites" form a large part of the !or#force on any construction pro-ect. There is no educational or ocational training re)uired if you are loo#ing for opportunities to !or# at construction sites. 3o!eer" contractors !ho hire such labor !ill gie preference to people !ho hae e0perience in !or#ing on similar pro-ects. Thus e0perience becomes a must !hen you loo# for such opportunities.
CONSTRUCTION &4UI%1&NTS
Dum$ truc%s or production truc#s are those that are used for transporting loose material such as sand" dirt" and grael for construction. The typical dump truc# is e)uipped !ith a hydraulically operated open bo0 bed hinged at the rear" !ith the front being able to be lifted up to allo! the contents to fall out on the ground at the site of deliery.
Front Loader. lso #no!n as a front end loader" buc#et loader" scoop loader" or shoel" the front loader is a type of tractor that is normally !heeled and uses a !ide s)uare tilting buc#et on the end of moable arms to lift and moe material around.The loader assembly may be a remoable attachment or permanently mounted on the ehicle. Often times" the buc#et can be replaced !ith other deices or tools" such as for#s or a hydraulically operated buc#et.
For%li&t' Sometimes called a for#lift truc#" the for#lift is a po!erful industrial truc# that is used to lift and transport material by steel for#s that are inserted under the load. 'or#lifts are commonly used to moe loads and e)uipment that is stored on pallets. The for#lift !as deeloped in >78" and has since become a aluable piece of e)uipment in many manufacturing and !arehousing operations .
(o)ile Cranes' The most basic type of crane consists of a steel truss or telescopic boom mounted on a mobile platform" !hich could be a rail" !heeled" or een on a cat truc#. The boom is hinged at the bottom and can be either raised or lo!ered by cables or hydraulic cylinders.
Telesco$ic Crane' This type of crane oers a boom that consists of a number of tubes Btted one inside of the other. hydraulic mechanism e0tends or retracts the tubes to increase or decrease the length of the boom.
Com$act E*cavator' The compact hydraulic e0caator can be a trac#ed or !heeled ehicle !ith an appro0imate operating !eight of >5"588 pounds.Normally" it includes a standard bac#Bll blade and features an independent boom s!ing. The compact hydraulic e0caator is also #no!n as a mini e0caator.