WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS FACED BY PEASANT FARMERs IN ROEHAMPTON, ST.JAMES, JAMAICA?
BY: TONI THOMAS SCHOOL: MT. MT. ALVERNIA ALVERNIA HIGH SCHOOL SC HOOL YEAR: 2014 TERRITORY: JAMAICA REGION : 1000!1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
AIM AND LOCATION OF STUDY………………………………………………….…. 1 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION…………………………………………………….5 PRESENTATION OF DATA…..…………………………………………………………6 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………............12 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………………13 APPENDIX………………………………………………………………………………..14
AIM OF ST"DY
The !" #$ %he &%'() !& %# !(e*%!$) *( e+,-!* %he ,#/-e"& $0e( /) ,e&*% $"e& !* R#eh",%#* S%. "e& "!0.
LOCATION OF ST"DY
R#eh",%#*
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION 1F11
HO The e&e0he '&e( 'e&%!#**!e& %# 0#--e0% !*$#"%!#* #* ,e&*% $"!* !* R#eh",%#*. A %#%- #$ 15 'e&%!#**!e& 7ee !8e* %# ,e&*% $"e& !* %he e. Applying random sampling technique, 2 farmers were selected and interviewed. I*%e"!%%e*% 8!&!%&
7ee "(e %# %he &!%e $# #/&e8%!#*. I* ((!%!#* ,!0%'e& #$ %he &!%e 7ee %9e* 7!%h e0h 8!&!%. Te+%/##9& *( %he !*%e*e% 7ee -&# 0#*&'-%e( %# 0'!e ((!%!#*- !*$#"%!#*. HEN
O* Se,%e"/e 5 2:13 % 4;:: ," %he e&e0he 8!&!%e( %he &!%e $# #/&e8%!#* *( &9e%0h ",& 7ee (7*. O* Se,%e"/e < 2:13 /e%7ee* 3;3: ," *( 4;3: ," 15 'e&%!#**!e& 7ee !&&'e( %# ,e&*% $"e& !* R#eh",%#*. The 'e&%!#**!e& 7ee 0#--e0%e( & &##* & %he) 7ee $!--e( #'%. O* Se,%e"/e = 2:13 % 3;:: ," !*%e8!e7& 7ee 0#*('0%e( 7!%h 2 ,e&*% $"e& !* R#eh",%#*. O* Se,%e"/e 1: 2:13 % 3;3: ," ,!0%'e& #$ %he &!%e 7ee %9e*. Be%7ee* Se,%e"/e 12 2:13 *( Se,%e"/e 1> 2:13 /##9& 7ee 0#*&'-%e( % ,,#+!"%e-) <;:: ," e0h *!h%. Re&e0he& 7ee 0#*('0%e( #* %he !*%e*e% /e%7ee* Se,%e"/e 22 2:13 *( Se,%e"/e 2> 2:13 % ,,#+!"%e-) <;3: ," e0h *!h%.
HERE The e #$ &%'() #* 7h!0h %he e&e0h 7& 0#*('0%e( 7& !* R#eh",%#* S%. "e& "!0.
PRESENTATION OF DATA Roehampton !& -#0%e( !* %he e&%e* ,% #$ %he ,!&h 5 #$ S%. "e& ,,#+!"%e-) 2:.2 9!-#"e%e& %#
%he &#'%h #$ %he Ce*%- B'&!*e&& D!&%!0% #$ %he 0,!%- M#*%e# B). I%& e#,h!0- 0##(!*%e& e 1=?
23@ : N#%h <
(#"!**% %#,#,h!0 $e%'e& #$ %h!& 8!0!*!%). R#eh",%#* !& '- 0#""'*!%) 7!%h ,,#+!"%e-) <=: e&!(e*%& 7h# e e!%he e*e( !* $"!* %*&,#%%!#* (!8e& #$ %+!& /'&e& 8e*(!* '%#"#/!-e e,! %# *"e $e7. H#7e8e $"!* !& %he "# e0#*#"!0 0%!8!%) !* %he e. The "# % ),e& #$ $"!* ,0%!0e( e &'/&!&%e*0e $"!* *( ,e&*% $"!*. Thee e *# !8e& !* %he 0#""'*!%). Pe&*% $"!* !& ,#"!*e*% 0%!8!%) (#*e !* R#eh",%#*. F"!* !* R#eh",%#* !& (#*e #* &"-&0-e. The 8ee -*(h#-(!* !& /e%7ee* 12 0e&. S'8e) e8e-e( %h% 3: ,e 0e*% #$ %he $"e& h8e /ee* $"!* $# 4 6 )e& 2: ,e 0e*% $# < > )e& *( 5: ,e 0e*% $# #8e 1: )e& (figure 4).
B#$ C%#$& S%'()*+ %'( ,'*+ &%- .#$/-$s )* R'-%#/0&'* %#1- 2--* .#$/)*+
Figure 4. Bar chart showing how long the farmers in Roehampton have been farming.
M#&% #$ %he $"e& !* R#eh",%#* e e-(e&. Thee e "#e "-e $"e& %h* $e"-e $"e&. A00#(!* %# %he e&'-%& %hee( $#" %he 'e&%!#**!e <: ,e 0e*% #$ %he $"e& e e( /e%7ee* 4: *( 65 )e& 7!%h <5 ,e 0e*% #$ %he" /e!* "-e&. A 8!e%) #$ 0#,& e 0'-%!8%e( /) %he $"e&. The) !*0-'(e 8ee%/-e& /**& &'0*e& %ee 0#,& &'0h & 0#0#*'%& #*e& *( ,,)& *( #'*( ,#8!&!#*& &'0h & &7ee% ,#%%#e& *( )"&. O* &#"e #$ %he #09) &-#,e& %he $"e& #7 0#,& &'0h & ,'",9!* *( 0'0'"/e& 7h!0h e /-e %# &,e( 6
#8e %he #09&. O$ %he&e %he "!* 0#,& 0'-%!8%e( e /**& 8ee%/-e& &'0*e& *( ,'",9!*&.
L!8e&%#09 e -&# ee( /) &#"e #$ %he $"e& !* R#eh",%#*. G#%& e #$ %he "#!%) !* %he e. S'8e) e8e-e( %h% =: ,e 0e*% #$ %he $"e& e #%&. The $"e& e e*e( !* (!$$ee*% %),e& #$ $"!*. The&e !*0-'(e mixed farming %he 0'-%!8%!#* #$ 0#,& *( %he e!* #$ *!"-& #* %he &*e $" intercropping %he ,-*%!* #$ 0#,& /e%7ee* "!* 0#,& *( livestock 7h!0h !& %he e!* #$ *!"-&. The &'8e) &h#7e( %h% =5 ,e 0e*% #$ %he $"e& e e*e( !* "!+e( $"!* 1: ,e 0e*% e*e( !* -!8e&%#09 *( %he e"!*!* 5 ,e 0e*% e e*e( !* !*%e0#,,!* (figure 5).
P)- C%#$& S%'()*+ &%- P-$3-*&#+- '. F#$/-$s &%#& #$- E*+#+-4 )* &%- D)5-$-*& F#$/)*+ T60-s
1!
5 "i#ed farming $ivestoc% &ntercropping 85
Figure 5. The percentage of farmers that are engaged in the different farming types.
The $"e& !* R#eh",%#* &e-- %he! ,#('0e #* (!-) /&!& %# (!$$ee*% ,e&#*&. The ##(& e &#-( %# &"-- &h#,& &0h##-& *( e&%'*%& !* %he e 0#""'*!%) "e"/e& *( h!-e& !* *( #'% #$ %he 0#""'*!%). The $"e& &#"e%!"e& 0) %he! ,#('0e %# %he "9e% *( &e-- %he ##(& %he"&e-8e&. T*&,#%%!#* !& 8e) '&e$'- %# $"!* !* R#eh",%#*. I% !& /) %h!& "e*& %h% %he $"e& ,#('0e e0h %he! %e% "9e%& &# %h% %he) 0* e* %he! !*0#"e. The "# $#"& #$ %*&,#%!* %he ##(& e /) 0& *( "!*! /'&e&. A00#(!* %# %he e&'-%& %hee( /) %he 'e&%!#**!e 5= ,e 0e*% #$ %he $"e& '&e 0& # /'&e& & "e*& #$ %*&,#%!* %he! ,#('0e 7h!-e %he e"!*!* ,e0e*%e '&e& %he! h*(& # (#*9e)& %# %*&,#% %he! ,#('0e. '
F"e& !* R#eh",%#* e $0e( 7!%h *'"/e #$ ,#/-e"&. O*e #$ %he&e !& praedial larceny 7h!0h !& %he %h!e8!* #$ ,#('0e $#" %he $". A00#(!* %# %he &'8e) !% !& %he "# ,#/-e" $$e0%!* 45 ,e 0e*% #$ %he $"e& (figure ) /e0'&e %he! -*(h#-(!*& e (!&%*% $#" %he! h#"e&.
C',7/* C%#$& S%'()*+ &%- P-$3-*&#+- '. &%- F#$/-$s &%#& #$- A5-3&-4 26 &%- M#8'$ P$'2,-/s
Figure .The percentage of farmers that are affected by the ma!or problems
Pe(!- -0e*) !& &# &e!#'& %h% %he $"e& &-ee, !* &he-%e 7he* 0#, !& e() %# /e h8e&%e(. Th!& ,#/-e" !& 8e) (!&0#'!* %# %he $"e& 7h# % %!"e& e &!( %# /*(#* %he! $"& *( &ee9 -%e*%!8e #00',%!#*&. I% 7& &%%e( %h% 7he* %he $"e& e #//e( #$ %he! ,#('0e %h#'&*(& #$ (#--& e /e!* -#&% %# %he %h!e8e& 7h# !* %'* &e-- %he &%#-e* ##(&. I* ((!%!#* %he %h!e8e& -e8e %he $"& !* (e,-#/-e 0#*(!%!#*& *( %he e,!!* #$ %he&e $"& !& &!( %# /e 8e) &%e&&$'- *( 0#&%-).
Insect pests and disease !& *#%he ,#/-e". P-*% (!&e&e& &'0h &
-e%h- )e--#7!* 7h!0h $$e0%& "#&%-)
%he 0#0#*'% %ee& !* %he e (figure ") ,*" (!&e&e 7!%0he& /##" (!&e&e *( -e$ &,#% (!&e&e e %he "#&% 0#""#* !* %he e. Bee%-e& e %he "#&% 0#""#* !*&e0% $$e0%!* )"& !* %he e. 8
Figure ". #ethal yellowing in a coconut tree on the farm.
A00#(!* %# %he &'8e) -e%h- )e--#7!* $$e0%& 0#,& #$ 15 ,e 0e*% #$ %he $"e& 7!%0he& /##" (!&e&e $$e0%& %he 0#,& #$ 2: ,e 0e*% -e$ &,#% (!&e&e $$e0%& 35 ,e 0e*% *( 3: ,e 0e*% #$ %he $"e& e&,#*(e( %h% %he) e 8!0%!"& #$ %he ,*" (!&e&e (figure $). The $"e& !* R#eh",%#* $0e &e8ee -#&&e& /e0'&e %he! %ee 0#,& *( #'*( ,#8!&!#*& e $$e0%e( /) !*&e0% ,e&%& *( (!&e&e&. M#&% #$ %he %!"e& %he) e '*/-e %# %9e ,e0'%!#*) "e%h#(& # %# ,,-) ,e&%!0!(e& ('e %# %he! -#7 !*0#"e.
L)*- C%#$& s%'()*+ &%- P-$3-*&#+- '. &%- F#$/-$s #5-3&-4 26 &%- M's& C'//'* D)s-#s-s )* R'-%#/0&'*
(
Figure $. The percentage of the farmers that are affected by the most common disease in Roehampton.
The ,e&*% $"e& e e-) ,-0e( % (!&(8*%e /) /e!* 8!0%!"& #$ 8!#'& *!"- (!&e&e&. S#"e -!8e&%#09 (!&e&e& e &0e77#" 7h!0h $$e0%& %he #%& *( 0#7& *( 8!* $-' 7h!0h $$e0%& %he 0h!09e*&. he* %he&e (!&e&e& e !* e+!&%e*0e %he ,-*%& *( *!"-& &#"e%!"e& (!e 7h!0h -e(& %# -#7e )!e-(&. I% 7& &%%e( %h% ,-*%& &#"e%!"e& ,#('0e -e&& & e&'-% #$ %he&e (!&e&e& *( *!"-& ") *#% e,#('0e & e&'-% #$ %he !--*e&&e&. I* ((!%!#* 7he* )!e-(& (e0e&e # 0#,& *( he(& e -#&% %he !*0#"e& $#" %he&e ,#('0e (e0e&e & 7e--. I% 7& -&# &%%e( %h% %he "e&'e& '&e( %# 0#*%#- %he&e (!&e&e& e 8e) e+,e*&!8e. S#"e #$ %he&e 0#&%& !*0-'(e %he 0#&%& #$ !*&,e0%!#*& "#*!%#!* *( ,e8e*%!#*. L'09!-) -!%%-e # *# "#*e) !& &,e*% #* 0'!* %he &0e77#" (!&e&e & A*!"- He-%h I*&,e0%#& e",-#)e( /) %he M!*!&%) #$ A!0'-%'e !&&'e &0e77#" ,#7(e %# %he $"e&.
Lack of capital !& -&# *#%he ,#/-e". I%
!& *#% e&) $# %he $"e& !* R#eh",%#* %# #/%!* e+%
$!**0e $# !*8e&%"e*% # %# &ee %he $" %h#'h /( ,e!#(. The $"e& h8e %# ,#('0e e*#'h $##( $# "#&% #$ %he! $"!-!e& *ee(&. The) "'&% h8e e*#'h $# &-e %# ,#8!(e !*0#"e %# ,'0h&e $" e'!,"e*% 0-#%h!* *( 7h#-e *e #$ #%he !%e"&. Th!& h#7e8e !& *#% * e&) %&9. M#&% #$ %he ,e&*% $"e& 7#9 8e) h( *( % %he e*( #$ %he )e %he! %#%- !*0#"e ") *#% (( ', %# 8e) "'0h. The) %e*( %# e+,e!e*0e %h!& ,#/-e" e!%he /e0'&e %he! ##(& e *#% &#-( % 0#&% 7hee %he) 0* 0'!e ,#$!%& # %he '*%!%) #$ %he! ,#('0e 7ee *#% e*#'h. A& e&'-% %he) $0e 0h--e*e& !* ,'0h&!* $e%!-!e& *( #%he e'!,"e*% # e8e* ,)!* /09 %he! -#*&. D'e %# %he !*&'$$!0!e*% 0,!%1!! %##-& &'0h & %he h#e 0'%-&& *( $#9 e '&e( %# ,'0h&e -e e'!,"e*% *( #%he "0h!*e) &!",-e
!*&%e( *( & e&'-% %he $"e& e '*/-e %# !*0e&e ,#('0%!#* *( &8e %!"e *( 0#&% !* ,#('0%!#*. A* ((!%!#*- ,#/-e" !& drought. R!*$-- !* R#eh",%#* % %!"e& %e*(& %# /e -#7 *( "#&% #$ %he %!"e& %hee !& -09 #$ (e'%e 7%e &',,-) $#" ,!,e&. M#&% #$ %he&e $"e& h8e *# ,#,e !!%!#* &)&%e" *( "#&% #$ %he %!"e& %he !8e !* %he *e!h/#!* 0#""'*!%) M$##% '*& -#7 %# &',,-) %he $"e& 7!%h 7%e. Th!& ,#/-e" 0'&e& (e0e&e !* %he $"e& !*0#"e /e0'&e %he 0#,& %e*( %# () ', ('e %# %he (#'h% &# -!%%-e ,#('0e !& &#-(. Th!& -e(& %# %he $"e& e+,e!e*0!* %he ,#/-e" #$ -09 #$ 0,!%- 7h!0h $'%he -e(& %# %he (!$$!0'-%) "!*%!*!* %he $"&. 2: ,e 0e*% #$ %he $"e& e&,#*(e( %h% (#'h% !& %he ,#/-e" %h% $$e0%& %he" %he "#&%. A& e&'-% #$ %he ,#/-e"& $0e( #* %he $"& %he $"e& e %hee$#e $0e( 7!%h 8!#'& %),e& #$ (!$$!0'-%!e& e(!* %he! h#"e& *( $"!-!e& %he "# /e!* %he ,)!* #$ e-e0%!0!%) *( 7%e /!--&.
Th!& (!$$!0'-%) 00#(!* %# %he &'8e) !& $0e( /) =: ,e 0e*% #$ %he $"e&. O%he (!$$!0'-%!e& !*0-'(e &e*(!* 0h!-(e* %# &0h##- *( ,#8!(!* *e0e&&) %h!*& $# %he h#"e. O8e %he )e& %he #8e*"e*% -e*(& he-,!* h*( %# ,e&*% $"e& !* "!0. The $"e& !* R#eh",%#* h8e /e*e$!%%e( e*#"#'&-) $#" %h!& he-,. The &'8e) e8e-e( %h% 2: ,e 0e*% #$ %he $"e& #% -#*& $#" %he /*9 %# he-, 7!%h %he "!*%e**0e #$ %he! $"& 4: ,e 0e*% e0e!8e( $"!* e'!,"e*% &'0h & $e%!-!e& *( &ee(-!*& 15 ,e 0e*% 7& !8e* "9e%& $# %he! ,#('0e *( 25 ,e0e*% #$ %he $" e& 7ee !8e* 8e/- (8!0e *( !*8!%%!#*& %# $"!* &e"!*& (figure %).
C',7/* C%#$& S%'()*+ &%- %-,0 +)1-* &' &%- F#$/-$s 26 RADA
Figure %. The help given to the farmers by R&'&
CONCL"SION 11
Pe&*% $"!* !* R#eh",%#* !& 8e) ,e(#"!**%. M*) #$ %he $"e& h8e /ee* $"!* $# "*) )e& he*0e "#!%) #$ %he $"e& e e-(e&. The -*( 0'!e( /) %he $"e& !& 8e) &"-- & %he 8ee -*( h#-(!* !& /e%7ee* 1 2 0e&. J!#'& 0#,& e #7* /) %he $"e& %he "# /e!* /** 8ee%/-e& &'0*e *( ,'",9!*. The $"e& e e*e( !* 8!#'& $"!* 7h!0h !*0-'(e& "!+e( $"!* !*%e0#,,!* *( -!8e&%#09. M#&% #$ %he $"e& &e-- %he! ,#('0e 7!%h!* %he 0#""'*!%) 7h!-e %he #%he& &e-- %he! ,#('0e #'%&!(e #$ %he 0#""'*!%). A& e&'-% %*&,#%%!#* !& 8!%- $0%# !* 0'!!* !*0#"e $#" %he! ,#('0e. T*&,#%%!#* /) 0& *( /'&e& e "!*-) '&e(. The ,#/-e"& $0e( /) ,e&*% $"e& h8e /ee* !(e*%!$!e( *( e+,-!*e(. I% 0* /e 0#*0-'(e( %h% %he ,e&*% $"e& !* R#eh",%#* e /e!* $0e( 7!%h 8!#'& ,#/-e"& 7h!0h !*0-'(e ,e(!- -0e*) !*&e0% ,e&% *( (!&e&e& "!*%!*!* %he! $" *( (#'h%. Pe(!- -0e*) e&'-%& ('e %# %he (!&%*% -#0%!#* #$ %he $"&. A& e&'-% #$ %h!& %he $"e& e ,-0e( % (!&(8*%e /e0'&e 7he* %he!
,#('0e e (e,!8e( $#" %he" -#% #$ "#*e) !& /e!* -#&% *( %he (e&,!0/-e 0#*(!%!#* #$ %he $" !& 0#&%-) %# e,!. I*&e0% ,e&% *( (!&e&e& !& #*e #$ %he "!* 0h--e*e& $$e0%!* %he ,e&*% $"e&. The (!&e&e& *( !*&e0%& 7h!0h $$e0% %he! 0#,& #* e'- /&!& 0'&e (e0e&e !* %he ,#('0e %h% %he) &e-- %hee$#e -#7 !*0#"e !& e*e(. O*e #$ %he "!* !*&e0%& $$e0%!* %he 0#,& e /ee%-e& 7h!0h %e% )"& !* %he e *( #*e #$ %he "!* (!&e&e $$e0%!* -"#&% e8e) 0#, !& %he -e$ &,#% (!&e&e. The $"e& h#7e8e e &e-(#" $$e0%e( /) *!"- (!&e&e&. The&e ,-*% *( *!"- (!&e&e& e 8e) 0#&%-) %# 0#*%#- /'% %he $"e& e -'09) %# /e ,#8!(e( 7!%h &0e77#" ,#7(e %# 0'e %he &0e77#" (!&e&e. D'e %# -#7 !*0#"e $#" %he $"& %he ,e&*% $"e& h8e (!$$!0'-%) !* "!*%!*!* %he! $". A& e&'-% $"!* e'!,"e*% !& e-) ,'0h&e( *( "0h!*e!e& e *#% '&e(. E'!,"e*% &'0h & %he 0'%-&& *( h#e e '&e( !*&%e( *( %he&e e %!"e 0#*&'"!* &# ,#('0%!#* !& *#% !*0e&e(. I* R#eh",%#* !*$-- %e*(& %# /e 8e) -#7 7h!0h 0e%e& &!%'%!#* #$ (#'h%. O$%e* %!"e& %hee !& -09 #$ 7%e $#" ,!,e& *( !8e& '* -#7 ('!* %h!& ,e!#(. A& e&'-% %he 0#,& () ', -e8!* %he $"e& 7!%h -!%%-e ,#('0e %# &e-- (e0e&!* %he! !*0#"e. D'e %# %he&e ,#/-e"& $0e( /) %he ,e&*% $"e& %he) &#"e%!"e& e+,e!e*0e (!$$!0'-%!e& !* %he h#"e %he "# (!$$!0'-%) /e!* %he ,)!* #$ e-e0%!0!%) *( 7%e /!--&. I* &,!%e #$ %he&e ,#/-e"& %hee e #*!%!#*& 7h!0h e 0#""!%%e( %# he-,!* %he&e ,e&*% $"e&. O*e &'0h #*!%!#* !& R'A!0'-%'- De8e-#,"e*% e*0) RADA. The) #$$e %he! he-, /) (!&%!/'%!* $"!* e'!,"e*% ,#8!(!* ,#%e*%!- 0'&%#"e& *( !8!* 8e/- (8!0e -#* 7!%h !*8!%%!#* %# $"!* &e"!*&.
Questionnaire
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