Rulèra` BZ^R@ DJ LHMZTJMËÂ@ J ^JYH^@ DJ BJOZOH^JR
Tjoje`mah Bjouohr @mdhs Jojtr`lhkmá Jojtr`lhkmátabhs tabhs B`lpraljmt` dj `mdh Brasth j vhoj Ujo`badhdj dh @mdh Erjqujmbah @sbaohëújs Hl`rtjbadhs j Yjrlhmjmt Yjrlhmjmtjs js @sbaohëújs joátrabhs ( ^jss`mîmbah / @sbaohëújs Joátrabhs Yròprahs - E`rëhdhs) Rastjlh dj Trhmslassâ` Tjoje`mah Bjouohr Tjoje`mah Lòvjo Jsthëâ` Lòvjo Ljlòrah Labr`pr`bjsshd`r @pjrhd`rhs dj Bjouohrjs m` Nrhsao Mhsbaljmt` d` AYf`mj, Rlhrtpf`mjs j [amd`ws [amd`ws Yf`mj.
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar` Hdlamastrhëâ` Ouaz Ejrmhmd` Damaz Mhs` C`sá Bhro`s Damaz Mhs` Amãs Damaz Mhs` Kjrjmtj Kjrho L`djst` Yhmthoáh Fjoa` C`sá Hovjs Darjëâ` dj Hrtj Dhmajo C`rkj dj Bhlp`s Hssastjmtj Curìdabh Dr.. Chrnhs Hmdrhdj Lhbfa`ma Dr Yr`duëâ` Djmmjr Bhlhrk` Hovjs ^jvasâ` ^`sjoa Hmhstèba` Raovh Bohudah dj H. Lhrhmfâ` Yrjsb`tt Mhs`
Darjt`rh Kjrho Arjmj ^`drakujs dj @oavjarh Tjaxjarh Tjaxjarh ^anjar` B``rdjmhëâ` Dadètabh [hod`lar` ^jbbfa Bras`k`m` Hmt`ma` Lhrtams E`t`krhh / Alhkjms Uat`r Oalh Lhz`m Hut`r [hod`lar` ^jbbfa Bras`k`m` Hmt`ma` Lhrtams Jdat`rhëâ` Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar` Jdubhëâ` dj C`vjms j Hdut`s OTDH. Alprjssâ` AZN^H - Amdóstrah Krèbh j Jdat`rh Otdh. ^`d`vah Jsthduho N`atuvh - Apjrò, gl 8,8 Bhlp`s dj N`atuvh - N`atuvh - RY BJY 86::9-999
T`d`s T` d`s `s darjat`s sâ` rjsjrvhd`s. Mâ` á pjrlatadh h rjpr`duëâ` t`tho `u phrbaho djstj burs`.
@mdhs Jojtr`lhkmátabhs Amtr`duëâ` Hmtjs dj amabahrl`s ` jstud` d`s hphrjof`s bjouohrjs ehrjl`s ulh nrjvj amtr`duëâ` és `mdhs jojtr`lhkmátabhs quj, quj, sjl dóvadh, sâ` ul alp`rthmtj ejmôljm` dh eìsabh. eìsabh. H ouz, ` s`l j h alhkjl sâ` trhmsp`rthdhs é dastîmbah pjoh `mdh. @mdhs - Djeamj-sj h `mdh b`l` sjmd` ulh vhrahëâ` pjraòdabh dj ul jsthd` eìsab` quj sj pr`phkh mh lhtárah `u m` jsphë`. Jsth djmaëâ` hbhdãlabh p`dj sjr jmtjmdadh ehbaoljmtj htrhvás dj jxjlpo`s b`rraqujar`s. Dj eht`, sup`mfhl`s quj sj htarj ulh pjdrh mh èkuh dj ul ohk` sjrjm`, `u, phrh lha`r ehbaoadhdj dj jxp`saëâ`, mh èkuh dj ulh nhbah, b`l` aoustrh h kurh 8.
Yr`phkhëâ` ` dh `mdh mh èkuh. Eakurh 8 - Yr`phkhëâ
Aljdahthljmtj sj pjrbjnj quj, m` o`bho `mdj h pjdrh bha, `b`rrj ulh l`dabhëâ` d` jsthd` eìsab`, `u sjch, h sjrjmadhdj dh èkuh á pjrturnhdh pjo` alphbt` dh pjdrh, sjmd` quj jssh l`dabhëâ` á trhmslatadh jl t`dh h supjreìbaj jl e`rlh dj `mdhs barbuohrjs, quj tãl sju bjmtr` m` p`mt` `mdj bhau h pjdrh. Tjl`s hì ul jxjlpo` jl quj h pr`phkhëâ` dh `mdh, ast` á, ` l`valjmt` dh `mdh, djsdj ` bjmtr` dj pjrturnhëâ` bfhlhd` e`mtj, htá hs lhrkjms d` ohk` (`u n`rdhs dh nhbah), sj ehz htrhvás d` lja` lhtjraho, quj á h èkuh. @utr` jxjlpo` ` houm` tjl quhmd` t`bh h b`rdh dj ul u l amstruljmt`, b`l` ul va`oâ`. Jsth b`rdh l`valjmth-sj ohtjrholjmtj (dazjl`s quj joh vanrh), j h pjrturnhëâ` dj sju jsthd` dj jquaoìnra` l`dabh ` hr h` sju rjd`r, b`lpralamd`-` j rhrjehzjmd`-`, dj l`d` h pr`duzar ` s`l. Dazjl`s trhthr-sj dj `mdh s`m`rh. B`l` á jvadjmtj, h `mdh sj pr`phkh m` lja` lhtjraho quj á ` hr. Jssjs d`as jxjlpo`s sâ` dj `mdhs quj p`djl`s vjr j sjmtar darjthljmtj. Jmtrjthmt`, Jmtrjthmt`, jxastj `utr` tap` dj `mdh quj mâ` p`djl`s vjr darjthljmtj, jln`rh, jl bjrths b`mdaëújs, p`sshl`s sjmta-oh3 á h pr`duzadh pjoh pjrturnhëâ` dj ul bhlp` jojtr`lhkmátab`. Á bfhlhdh `mdh dj rèda`, `mdh jojtr`lhkmátabh `u `mdh fjrtzahmh. Jsth á h `mdh lhas alp`rthmtj phrh ` m`ss` jstud`. @ quj á eumdhljmtho jl t`d`s `s bhs`s á h pr`prajdhdj quj h `mdh p`ssua (sjch joh quho e`r), dj trhmsp`rthr jmjrkah. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
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Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
B`lpraljmt` dj `mdh Bfhlh-sj dj b`lpraljmt` dj `mdh h dastîmbah jmtrj d`as p`mt`s m` bhs` H j N, kurh >.
Eakurh > - B`lpraljmt` dj `mdh.
Brasth j vhoj Dè-sj ` m`lj dj brasth é hlpoatudj p`satavh j dj vhoj, h mjkhtavh. @s p`mt`s B j D rjprjsjmthl, rjspjbtavhljmtj,, ulh brasth j ul vhoj. rjspjbtavhljmtj
Ujo`badhdj dh @mdh Yhrh jmtjmdjr h vjo`badhdj dh `mdh, vhl`s alhkamhr ulh b`rdh sjmd` alpuosa`mhdh jl ulh dj suhs jxtrjladhdjs p`r l`valjmt`s vjrtabhas dj vhavál, b`me`rlj hprjsjmthd` mh kurh 2.
Eakurh 2 - B`rdh sjmd` alpuosa`mhdh jl suhs jxtrjladhdjs p`r l`valjmt`s vjrtabhas dj vhavál.
B`l ass` b`mboual`s quj ‟vjo`badhdj“ ‟vjo`badhdj“ á h rhpadjz b`l quj jssjs l`valjmt`s vjrtabhas dj vhavál sj pr`phkhl, j htrhvás djssjs l`valjmt`s h vjo`badhdj p`dj sjr djtjrlamhdh b`l ehbaoadhdj pjoh davasâ` d` jsphë` pjrb`rrad` j ` tjlp` khst` jl pjrb`rrã-o`. Jmtâ`, bfhlhmd` dj v h vjo`badhdj, dj η (oã-sj ohlndh) é dastîmbah HN quj, b`l` ` houm` p`dj m`thr,, mhdh lhas á quj ` b`lpraljmt` dj `mdh, p`djl`s jsbrjvjr3 m`thr
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
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Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
Jl phrtabuohr, h` tjlp` quj h b`rdh ojvh phrh sj djso`bhr jl ul b`lpraljmt` dj `mdh dhl`s ` m`lj dj pjrì`d` j ` rjprjsjmthl`s pjoh ojtrh T7 o`k`, p`djl`s jsbrjvjr quj3
Erjquãmbah Uhl`s hdlatar quj m`ss` n`mjquamf` jejtuj ` l`valjmt` dj vhavál luat` ojmthljmtj. Jmtâ`, h vjo`badhdj dj pr`phkhëâ` á pjqujmh, j h b`rdh bhrah b`l` l`strhl`s mh kurh 4. Rup`mfhl`s hk`rh quj joj l`valjmtj h b`rdh rhpadhljmtj. Á bohr` quj h vjo`badhdj huljmth, j h b`rdh bhrah b`l ` hspjbt` hprjsjmthd` mh kurh :. Yhrh ehbaoathr, ehbaoathr, vhl`s sup`r quj hs duhs burvhs dhs kurhs 4 j : e`rhl `ntadhs l`valjmthmd` h b`rdh durhmtj ul ljsl` tjlp`, dakhl`s, ul sjkumd`. Á eèbao `nsjrvhr quj, phrh h kurh :, h b`rdh tjl pjrì`d` dj 8 sjkumd` j phrh h kurh 5 sju pjrì`d` á dj 8/: dj sjkumd`, `u sjch, jl 8 sjkumd`, joh rjhoaz`u : pjrì`d`s.
Eakurh 4 - Yjqujmh vjo`badhdj dj pr`phkhëâ` pr`phkhëâ`..
Eakurh : - Krhmdj vjo`badhdj dj pr`phkhëâ` pr`phkhëâ`..
Eakurh 5 - @mdh hl`rtjbadh.
Yhrh dastamkuar h vjo`badhdj dhs `mdhs, djmj-sj suh erjquãmbah b`l` sjmd` ul móljr` dj pjrì`d`s (`u babo`s) quj h `mdh jejtuh jl ul sjkumd`. H umadhdj dj erjquãmbah, `u sjch, ul babo` p`r sjkumd`, rjbjnj ` m`lj dj Fjrtz j hnrjvah-sj Fz. Hssal, darjl`s quj h erjquãmbah dh `mdh dh kurh 4 á dj 8 Fz7 j h dh kurh : á dj : Fz.
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
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Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
@s lóotapo`s d` Fjrtz, sâ`3
8) Xuao`fjrtz - Hnrjvah-sj gFz j vhoj 8.999 Fz. >) Ljkhfjrtz - Hnrjvah-sj LFz j vhoj8.999.999 (ul laofâ`) dj Fz `u 8.999gFz. 2) Kakhfjrtz - @ kakhfjrtz á ulh umadhdj luat` krhmdj, b`rrjsp`mdjmtj h ul trafâ` (8.999.999.999.999) dj Fz. Mâ` á ushd` u shd` jl trhmslassújs rhda`eômabhs b`lums dj rèda` j TU, lhs sj jlprjkh jl labr``mdhs j jl b`lumabhëújs jsphbahas (shtáoatjs). @sbaohëújs Hl`rtjbadhs j Yjrlhmjmtjs Uhl`s sup`r quj m`ss` n`mjquamf` pr`duzh hokums l`valjmt`s vanrhtòra`s (l`valjmt`s dj vhavál) mh jxtrjladhdj dh b`rdh j, djp`as, phrj nrusbhljmtj. Jstè bohr` quj h `mdh thlnál bjsshrè, lhs mâ` nrusbhljmtj nrusbhljmtj,, j sal h`s p`ub`s, dalamuamd` h hlpoatudj pr`krjssavhljmtj b`l` l`strhl`s mh eakurh 5. Jssj tap` dj `mdh á bfhlhdh dj `mdh hl`rtjbadh. Mjsth `mdh `s pjrì`d`s sj lhmtãl, lhs h hlpoatudj vha dalamuamd` sjkumd` ulh oja o`khrìtlabh, htá hmuohr-sj. Rj ` n`mjquamf` lhmtavjr sjlprj ` ljsl` ratl` dj vanrhëâ` mh p`mth dh b`rdh, h `mdh sj b`msjrvhrè sjlprj b`l h ljslh hlpoatudj j h ljslh erjquãmbah. Dazjl`s jmtâ`, quj sj trhth dj `mdh pjrlhmjmtj , thlnál bfhlhdh dj `sbaohëâ` e`rëhdh, pjrsastjmtj `u lhmtadh, j sju hspjbt` á ` quj hprjsjmthl`s mh kurh ;.
Eakurh ; - @mdh pjrsastjmtj.
Yhrh quj h `sbaohëâ` sjch pjrlhmjmtj, á mjbjssèra` hpoabhr jmjrkah h` sastjlh `sbaohmtj, b`msthmtjljmtj. b`msthmtjljmt j. M` m`ss` jxjlpo`, jssh jmjrkah á e`rmjbadh pjo` nrhë` d` n`mjquamf`.
@sbaohëújs joátrabhs @s jojljmt`s dh `mdh quj djmal`s lhas hbalh sjrvjl dj amtr`duëâ` h` jstud` dhs `sbaohëújs joátrabhs `u jojtr`lhkmátabhs, quj sâ` dj eumdhljmtho alp`rtîmbah mh pr`phkhëâ` dhs `mdhs dj rèda`. Zl ejmôljm` nèsab` dh `sbaohëâ` á h rjss`mîmbah . Yhssjl`s h hmhoasè-o`.
H) ^jss`mîmbah @ ejmôljm` dh rjss`mîmbah á kjrho j sj lhmaejsth jl t`dh h mhturjzh. T`d`s `s b`rp`s sucjat`s h l`valjmt`s vanrhtòra`s (`sbaohtòra`s) hprjsjmthl rjss`mîmbah. rjss`mîmbah. @ houm` bjrthljmtj cè t`l`u b`mtht` b`l ` ejmôljm`, jln`rh sjl jsthr h phr dj b`l` hb`mtjbj. Dj eht`, cè `nsjrv`u quj hokums `ncjt`s b`l` b`p`s `u nanjoôs, ljsl` satuhd`s h bjrth dastîmbah dj ul hphrjof` dj s`l, vanrhl h` Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
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Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
sjrjl pr`duzadhs djtjrlamhdhs m`ths. Jstj ejmôljm` á bfhlhd` dj rjss`mîmbah , j h erjquãmbah dh m`th quj ehz vanrhr ` b`rp` á bfhlhdh dj erjquãmbah dj rjss`mîmbah. Hs bhaxhs d`s amstruljmt`s lusabhas, b`l` h bhaxh d` va`oâ`, p`r jxjlpo`, á ul rjss`hd`r. Hssal, quhmd` sj ‟ejrj“ ‟ejrj“ h b`rdh, suhs vanrhëújs jmtrhl jl rjss`mîmbah b`l ` hr b`mtad` m` amtjra`r dh bhaxh, j ` s`l sj hprjsjmth luat` lhas amtjms`. Zlh jxpjraãmbah nhsthmtj salpojs, quj l`strhl`s mh kurh 6, j quj ` houm` p`dj ehzjr phrh vjrabhr ` jejat` dh rjss`mîmbah, b`msastj jl ehohr djer`mtj dj ulh ohth, djsshs dj >9 oatr`s, p`r jxjlpo`, quj tjmfh ulh jxtrjladhdj t`tholjmtj hnjrth.
Eakurh 6 - Ujrabhmd` h rjss`mîmbah.
Uhrahmd` h t`mhoadhdj dh v`z, `u sjch, h erjquãmbah d` s`l, sjrè p`ssìvjo vjrabhr quj jxastj ulh djohs phrh h quho ` s`l s` l sj hprjsjmth luat` lhas amtjms`. Xuhmd` ast` `b`rrj, hb`mtjbju h rjss`mîmbah, `u sjch, h erjquãmbah d` s`l jlatad` á akuho é erjquãmbah dj rjss`mîmbah dh ohth. @utr` jxjlpo` dj rjss`mîmbah p`djl`s tjr quhmd` d`as lósab`s jstâ` sjmthd`s ul jl erjmtj h` `utr`, hln`s b`l ` ljsl` amstruljmt` dj b`rdh (d`as va`o`mbjo`s, p`r jxjlpo`), j ul djojs t`bh ulh dhs b`rdhs. Rj `s d`as amstruljmt`s jstâ` b`l h ljslh hmhëâ`, h b`rdh adãmtabh d` amstruljmt` quj mâ` e`a t`bhd` b`ljëh h s`hr jsp`mthmjhljmtj jsp`mthmjhljmtj.. Ast` hb`mtjbj p`rquj hs vanrhëújs d` hr, pr`duzadhs pjoh b`rdh t`bhdh, htamkjl h b`rdh adãmtabh, quj p`ssua erjquãmbah dj `sbaohëâ` akuho. Jsth b`ljëh h vanrhr vanrhr.. Á ` ejmôljm` dh rjss`mîmbah. Dj tud` ` quj hmtjra`rljmtj jxpusjl`s, hbrjdathl`s tjr ` houm` pjrbjnad` quj t`d` b`rp` (`u sastjlh) tjl ul jsthd` dj `sbaohëâ` quj ofj á amjrjmtj, bfhlhd` dj `sbaohëújs oavrjs `u pròprahs , j quhmd` ulh erjquãmbah jxtjrmh b`ambadj b`l h erjquãmbah dhs `sbaohëújs oavrjs, ` b`rp` jmtrh jl rjss`mîmbah. Ujchl`s Ujchl`s b`l` `ntjr ul sastjlh `sbaohmtj oavrj, jl jojtrabadhdj.
N) @sbaohëújs Joátrabhs Yròprahs @ barbuat` joátrab` `sbaohmtj lhas salpojs á b`mstatuìd` p`r ulh amdutîmbah quj á h pr`prajdhdj d` amdut`r, `u n`namhs b`l` sj daz mh prètabh. Jl sáraj b`l ulh bhphbatîmbah á h pr`prajdhdj dj hrlhzjmhr bhrkhs joátrabhs m` bhphbat`r. Ujch kurh 1.
Eakurh 1 - Barbuat` joátrab` `sbaohmtj. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
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Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
Uhl`s b`l jssjs d`as b`lp`mjmtjs b`lp`mjmtjs O j B, lhas ulh bfhvj dj ul pòo` j duhs p`saëújs (Bf) j ulh nhtjrah N, l`mthr ` barbuat` jsqujlhtazhd` jl n djsth kurh. Ejat` ast`, b`o`quj h bfhvj mh p`saëâ` 8. @ bhphbat`r B sj bhrrjkhrè b`l h ljslh tjmsâ` dh nhtjrah N. Hk`rh, phssj h bfhvj phrh h p`saëâ` >. B`l` h n`namh á ul bhlamf` eèbao phrh h b`rrjmtj b`mtìmuh, ` bhphbat`r sj djsbhrrjkhrè htrhvás djoh. Jssh b`rrjmtj dj djsbhrkh jsthnjojbj ul bhlp` lhkmátab` htrhvás dh n`namh. Djp`as dj bjrt` tjlp`, t`dh h jmjrkah d` bhphbat`r sj trhmsejrau phrh h n`namh, jl e`rlh dj bhlp` lhkmátab`. Xuhmd` ` bhphbat`r jstè b`lpojthljmtj djsbhrrjkhd`, djsbhrrjkhd`, bjssh h b`rrjmtj, j ` bhlp` lhkmátab` mâ` tjmd` lhas b`l quj sj sustjmthr, b`ljëh h dalamuar. Lhs, h dalamuaëâ` d` bhlp` lhkmátab` ehz hphrjbjr ulh e`rëh b`mtrh-jojtr`l`traz dj amduëâ` quj, b`l` ` houm` shnj, á dj p`ohradhdj `p`sth é tjmsâ` `rakamho d` bhphbat`r. Jssh e`rëh jojtr`l`traz jojtr`l`traz ehz b`l quj ` bhphbat`r sj bhrrjkuj m`vhljmtj, m`vhljmtj, lhs b`l p`ohradhdj `p`sth é amabaho. Xuhmd` ` bhphbat`r jstavjr t`tholjmtj bhrrjkhd`, ` bhlp` lhkmátab` d` amdut`r tjrè djshphrjbad`, `u sjch, suh jmjrkah tjrè sad` trhmsejradh phrh ` bhlp` joátrab` d` bhphbat`r. H phrtar dhì, ` pr`bjss` sj rjpjtj jl sjmtad` amvjrs`3 ` bhphbat`r djsbhrrjkh-sj htrhvás d` amdut`r, trhmsejramd` h jmjrkah d` bhlp` joátrab` phrh ` bhlp` lhkmátab` d` amdut`r, sò quj b`l p`ohradhdj `p`sth h hmtjra`r, cè quj h b`rrjmtj sj amvjrtju jl vartudj dj tjr fhvad` amvjrsâ` dh p`ohradhdj d` bhphbat`r. Xuhmd` ` amdut`r hrlhzjmhr t`dh h jmjrkah d` bhlp` joátrab` d` bhphbat`r bhphbat`r,, joj jsthrè b`lpojthljmtj djsbhrrjkhd`. djsbhrrjkhd`. H phrtar djssj l`ljmt`, ` amdut`r b`ljëh h djv`ovjr h jmjrkah phrh ` bhphbat`r, bhrrjkhmd`-` m`vhljmtj,, hk`rh b`l p`ohradhdj akuho é amabaho. m`vhljmtj Rj mâ` f`uvjssj mjmfulh pjrdh dj jmjrkah, ` pr`bjss` sj rjpjtarah amdjmadhljmtj. Mh kurh 89, l`strhl`s hs quhtr` ehsjs d` ejmôljm`. Mh praljarh, ` bhphbat`r jstè t`tholjmtj bhrrjkhd`7 p`rthmt`, tjl suh lèxalh jmjrkah m` bhlp` joátrab`. Mh sjkumdh, ` bhphbat`r sj djsbhrrjkh j trhmsejrj suh jmjrkah t`tholjmtj phrh ` bhlp` lhkmátab`. Mh tjrbjarh, ` bhphbat`r v`oth h hdquarar h jmjrkah lèxalh, lhs ` bhlp` joátrab` jo átrab` lud`u dj sjmtad` j, mholjmtj, mh quhrth, quhr th, h jmjrkah á djv`ovadh é amdutîmbah, quj tjl sju bhlp` hk`rh b`l sjmtad` `p`st`. H phrta r dhì, tud` sj rjpjtj.
Eakurh 89 - Bhrkh j djsbhrkh d` barbuat` OB.
@ barbuat` hprjsjmthmd` á ul `sbaohd`r. Dj eht`, `nsjrvhmd` h b`rrjmtj, vjrabhl`s quj joh jejtuh ul l`valjmt` dj vhavál j, sj rjprjsjmtèssjl`s hs davjrshs ehsjs dj l`valjmt` jxp`sths mh kurh 89, jl ul sastjlh dj jax`s, tjrìhl`s h kurh 88, quj ` houm` ehbaoljmtj adjmtabh b`l` h rjprjsjmthëâ` dj ulh `mdh. Oè, amdabhl`s b`l hs ojtrhs H, N, B j D djmtr` dj bìrbuo`s, hs ehsjs l`strhdhs mh eakurh 89. Bjrthljmtj h quamth ehsj b`rrjsp`mdj h` rjamìba` d` pjrì`d`, `u sjch, Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
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Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
quhmd` h satuhëâ` v`oth h sjr akuho é amabaho.
Eakurh 88 - ^jprjsjmthëâ` dhs ehsjs.
Hs `sbaohëújs d` barbuat` sâ` bfhlhdhs dj `sbaohëújs pròprahs `u oavrjs. H erjquãmbah dh `sbaohëâ` djpjmdj jxbousavhljmtj d`s vho`rjs dh amdutîmbah j dh bhphbatîmbah.
B) @sbaohëújs Joátrabhs E`rëhdh E`rëhdhss M` atjl hmtjra`r l`strhl`s quj ` barbuat` OB sáraj (p`djrah sjr OB phrhojo` j ` ejmôljm` sjrah ` ljsl`) jmtrhrè jl `sbaohëâ` oavrj sj hpoabhrl`s h joj jmjrkah. H e`mtj dj jmjrkah, m` bhs`, jrh djvadh é nhtjrah N, utaoazhdh hpjmhs phrh bhrrjkhr ` bhphbat`r j djp`as djsoakhdh d` barbuat`. Uhl`s sup`r, sup`r, hk`rh, quj ` m`ss` barbuat` OB sjch oakhd` b`msthmtjljmt b`msthmtjljmtjj h ulh e`mtj sjm`adho dj jmjrkah, buch erjquãmbah p`ssh sjr vhrahdh. Á ` quj jsqujlhtazhl`s mh kurh 8>. Rhnjl`s quj jl tho barbumstîmbah, ` bhphbat`r sj bhrrjkh j djsbhrrjkh m` ljsl` ratl` dh e`mtj, jmtâ` tud` hb`mtjbj b`l` sj h b`rrjmtj htrhvjsshssj ` bhphbat`r, `u sjch, tjl`s ul barbuat` OB (`u ^OB, sj b`msadjrhrl`s quj h n`namh tjl rjsastãmbah) oakhd` jl ulh rjdj dj tjmsâ` hotjrmhdh. B`l` h erjquãmbah d` kjrhd`r p`dj sjr vhrahdh, mâ` á daeìbao alhkamhrl`s quj sj p`ssh jmb`mtrhr ulh jl quj ` ratl` dj bhrkh j djsbhrkh b`ambadh jxhthljmtj b`l hqujoj quj ` bhphbat`r mjbjssath phrh pr`duzar `sbaohëújs oavrjs. Xuhmd` ast` hb`mtjbj, tjl`s h `sbaohëâ` e`rëhdh, p`as ` barbuat` e`a ‟e`rëhd`“ h jmtrhr jl `sbaohëâ`, j jsth erjquãmbah b`rrjsp`mdj é erjquãmbah dj rjss`mîmbah d` barbuat`. T`d` ` barbuat` quj lhmtál h `sbaohëâ`, `u sjch, quj mâ` pjrlatj quj h `mdh sj hl`rtjëh, á bfhlhd` dj `sbaohd`r. @s `sbaohd`rjs tãl krhmdj hpoabhëâ` jl jojtrômabh. Y`r jxjlpo`, sâ` ushd`s m`s trhmslass`rjs phrh kjrhr h `mdh dj hoth erjquãmbah quj trhmsp`rth hs ame`rlhëújs (samhas dj vìdj`, s`l, tjojtap`,) m`s ohn`rhtòra`s, b`l` dasp`satav` phrh hcustj dj rjbjpt`rjs, hlpoabhd`rjs, m`s krhvhd`rjs, m`s rjbjpt`rjs dj rèda`, mh amdóstrah (phrh hqujbaljmt` p`r ^E), mh Ljdabamh (`mdhs uotrhburths, uotrhva`ojth) jtb.
Eakurh 8> - Barbuat` OB hoaljmthd`. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
1
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
Rastjlh dj Trhmslassâ` Tjojb`lumabhëújs U`bã hprjmdju m` atjl hmtjra`r `s ejmôljm`s `mduohtòra`s (`sbaohëújs), p`rthmt` jstè jl b`mdaëújs dj jmtjmdjr `s prambìpa`s dj rèda` trhmslassâ`, `u sjch, h e`rlhëâ` j pr`phkhëâ` dhs `mdhs dj rèda`, s`nrj `s quhas sj nhsjahl `s sastjlhs dj rèda`, tjojvasâ` j h tjoje`mah lòvjo bjouohr. M` bhs` dj trhmslassâ` tjojeômabh tjl`s d`as tap`s3 p`r oamfhs eìsabhs j p`r lja` dj `mdhs dj rèda`. M` praljar` bhs` h trhmslassâ` dhs b`rrjmtjs dj samhas á ejath p`r lja` dj bhn`s, oamfhs hárjhs, bhn`s dj phrjs j bhn`s b`hxahas dj davjrs`s tap`s. @ sjkumd` bhs` mâ` utaoazh mjmful b`mdut`r dj oamfh eìsabh, j á s`nrj joj quj vhl`s trhthr mjstj atjl. Hs erjquãmbahs trhmslatadhs p`r jstjs sastjlhs sâ` luat` hoths j rjbjnjl h djm`lamhëâ` dj labr``mdhs. Jsth djm`lamhëâ` prjmdj-sj h` eht` dj quj, quhmt` lha`r h erjquãmbah, ljm`r á ` b`lpraljmt` dj `mdh. Hs labr``mdhs, h jxjlpo` d` quj hb`mtjbj b`l h ouz, sj pr`phkhl jl oamfh rjth, sjl daspjrshr-sj m` pjrburs`. Y`rthmt`, jlprjkhl-sj mh pr`phkhëâ` hmtjmhs jspjbahas, luat` darjtavhs quj sò arrhdahl (`u rjbjnjl) jl ulh ómabh darjëâ`. Jl eumëâ` dhs hoths erjquãmbahs jlprjkhdhs, j dhs hmtjmhs darjtavhs, hs b`rrjmtjs d`s samhas ‟vahchl“ ‟vahchl“ dj ulh hmtjmh phrh `utrh, b`l` sj f`uvjssj, jmtrj hlnhs, ul b`mdut`r eìsab` (bhn`, `, jtb.). H jxjlpo` d` quj hb`mtjbj m`s sastjlhs dj trhmslassâ` p`r lja` dj oamfhs eìsabhs (ea`s), hs b`rrjmtjs,, durhmtj ` sju pjrburs` dj ulh hmtjmh phrh `utrh, s`erjl htjmuhëújs jl eumëâ` dj ulh b`rrjmtjs sáraj dj eht`rjs dj luath b`lpojxadhdj. Y`r jssh rhzâ`, á mjbjssèra` b`o`bhr jsthëújs rjpjtad`rhs, h ulh bjrth dastîmbah ulh dh `utrh, phrh hlpoabhr jsths b`rrjmtjs dj samho (`u samhas), h l dj quj ehëhl sju pjrburs` htá ` o`bho dj djstam`. Zl sastjlh b`lpojt` dj rèda` b`lpúj-sj dj duhs jsthëújs tjrlamhas, ulh jl bhdh jxtrjl` d` pjrburs`, j vèrahs jsthëújs rjpjtad`rhs, amtjrljdaèrahs, amtjrljdaèrahs, b`me`rlj h kurh 82. Á alp`rthmtj quj ` houm` mâ` b`meumdh jsshs hmtjmhs b`l hs dj Jsthëâ` dj ^èda` ^ èda` Nhsj (J^N) quj ehzjl h b`mjxâ` d` tjoje`mj bjouohr b`l hs `pjrhd`rhs. Ujch h kurh 84.
Eakurh 82 - Rastjlh dj rèda` trhmslassâ`.
Eakurh 84 - Jsthëâ` dj rèda` nhsj.
M`rlholjmtj hs rjpjtad`rhs sâ` amsthohdhs jl l`mthmfhs j l`rr`s, sjlprj quj e`r p`ssìvjo, ast` p`rquj mâ` p`dj fhvjr mjmful `nstèbuo` jmtrj johs quj alpjëh h trhcjtòrah rjtìoamjh dhs `mdhs, j phrh quj johs p`sshl htamkar lha`rjs dastîmbahs. Bhs` fhch quhoqujr `nstèbuo`, johs p`djl mâ` bfjkhr h` o`bho dj djstam`, `u sj bfjkhrjl, sjrâ` djlhsahdhljmtj erhbhs. B`msadjrhmd` b`l` b`lp`mjmtj dh jsthëâ` tjrlamho h jsthëâ` rjbjpt`rh quj djvjrè ushr h Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
89
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
ljslh hmtjmh, p`r jb`m`lah, á mjbjssèra` sjphrhr hs b`rrjmtjs dj samhas jl bhdh darjëâ`, quhas sjchl dj trhmslassâ` j rjbjpëâ`. Mjstj bhs` hs b`rrjmtjs `buphl nhmdhs dj erjquãmbah daejrjmtjs jmtrj sa. Jsth sjphrhëâ` á b`msjkuadh p`r lja` dj otr`s7 ul quj djaxh phsshr s`ljmtj h b`rrjmtj dj samho quj vha phrh h hmtjmh j `utr` quj djaxh phsshr hs quj vãl djoh. Jln`rh t`d`s `s sastjlhs dj rèda` usjl ` jsphë` b`l` lja` dj bhlamf` dhs b`rrjmtjs d`s samhas jxastjmtjs, fè daejrjmtjs e`rlhs dj jlprjkè-o`. @ tap` rèda`-jmohbj lhas utaoazhd` á ` quj sjrè djm`lamhd` dj hobhmbj òtab`. Hssal bfhlhd` p`r amdabhr quj ` bhlamf` h sjr pjrb`rrad` djvj sjr jl oamfh rjth, dj ulh phrh `utrh hmtjmh j oavrj dj `nstèbuo`s. Jl `utrhs phohvrhs, dj e`rlh quj ulh hmtjmh p`ssh ‟vjr“ h `utrh. Jsth á h rhzâ` quj ojvh h amsthohëâ` dj rèda`-jmohbjs jl o`bhas l`mthmf`s`s, p`as b`l h b`o`bhëâ` dhs ljslhs jl t`p`s dj l`rr`s khrhmtj-sj h ‟varhdh“ jl oamfh rjth. Jl rjkaújs pohmhs, phrh rjs`ovjr ` pr`nojlh, á prjbas` ehzjr h nhsj b`l krhmdjs jstruturhs ljtèoabhs `u ljsl` dj b`mbrjt` phrh h b`o`bhëâ` dj hmtjmhs, h l dj quj quj mâ` fhch pr`nojlhs b`l `nstèbuo`s jmtrj hs ljslhs. Ast` á jxjlpoabhd` mhs kurhs 8: H j N.
Eakurh 8: - Amsthohëâ` dhs hmtjmhs jl l`rr`s j èrjhs pohmhs.
Jstj tap` dj rèda`-jmohbj jmtrj duhs hmtjmhs b`msjbutavhs tjl hobhmbj jmtrj :9 j 69 quaoôljtr`s. @utr` tap` dj rèda`-jmohbj, rèda`- jmohbj, á ` djm`lamhd` tr`p`seárab`. Mjstjs hs `mdhs jojtr`lhkmátabhs, quj djvjrahl sjr jl oamfh rjth dj ulh hmtjmh phrh h `utrh, b`l` m` bhs` dhs dj hobhmbj òtab`, sj pr`phkhl dj ulh hmtjmh jl darjëâ` hs hoths z`mhs dh htl`sejrh, j rjeojtadhs p`r ulh bhph htl`seárabh djm`lamhdh tr`p`sejrh, vãl dj v`oth h `utrh `u trh hmtjmh rjbjpt`rh, kurh 85.
Eakurh 85 - ^èda`-jmohbj djm`lamhd` tr`p`sejrh. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
88
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
Jstj mâ` á ul pr`bjdaljmt` prètab`, p`rthmt` mâ` luat` ushd`, p`rquj prjbash sjr ohmëhd` h` jsphë` b`l ulh jm`rlj p`tãmbah, p`as b`l h rjjxâ` pjrdj-sj luath p`tãmbah, j thlnál mâ` á ul rèda`-jmohbj quj pjrlatj krhmdj móljr` dj bhmhas. Rjmd` hssal, á ul tap` dj rèda`-jmohbj quj sò á jlprjkhd` quhmd` mâ` fè b`l` b`mt`rmhr `s `nstèbuo`s mh suh trhcjtòrah, `u ljsl` quhmd` sj djsjch krhmdjs hobhmbjs, sjl b`mdaëújs dj amsthohëâ` dj jsthëújs rjpjtad`rhs. Jstj tap` dj rèda`-jmohbj p`dj shothr dastîmbahs dj htá 8.:99 quaoôljtr`s. @ tjrbjar` tap` dj trhmslassâ` tjojeômabh p`r rèda` á ` sastjlh quj jlprjkh shtáoatjs hrtabahas. Mjstj bhs`, hs `mdhs jlatadhs p`r ulh hmtjmh, darakjl-sj h` shtáoatj, quj mh prètabh eumba`mhl b`l` jsthëâ` rjpjtad`rh, jmvahmd` m`vhljmtj hs `mdhs, djp`as dj hlpoaeabhdhs, dj rjt`rm` é hmtjmh rjbjpt`rh. Tjl ` sastjlh, b`l` prambapho vhmthkjl, p`djr htjmdjr saluothmjhljmtj, h amóljrhs jsthëújs, djsdj quj hs ljslhs `pjrjl b`l nhmdhs dj erjquãmbah daejrjmtjs jmtrj sa. @ hobhmbj djstj sastjlh á jm`rlj pjrlatamd` b`lumabhëâ` jmtrj phìsjs dj p`mt`s `p`st`s d` ko`n`. Y`rál, suhs jsthëújs tjrlamhas sâ` b`lpojxhs, luat` lhas d` quj hs dj rèda`-jmohbj m`rlho, j, p`rthmt` njl lhas bhrhs. Hdahmtj ` houm` vjrè quj hs J^N‑s sâ` b`mjbthdhs h ulh bjmtrho bfhlhdh dj BBB. (Bjmtrho (Bjmtrho dj B`luthëâ` j B`mtr`oj) B`mtr`oj) j hs BBB‑R sj b`lumabhl htrhvás d`s rèda`s-jmohbjs. rèda`s-jmohbjs.
Tjoje`mah Bjouohr Hmtjs dj jstudhrl`s3 ` eumba`mhljmt` dhs krhmdjzhs joátrabhs, tjmsâ`, b`rrjmtj, rjsastãmbah, p`tãmbah, jojtrabadhdj jstètabh, htjrrhljmt`, jojtrômabh dakatho b`l suhs p`rths j barbuat`s, vhl`s b`mfjbjr ul p`ub` s`nrj ` hphrjof` dj bjouohr. Amabahrjl`s phrtamd` d` hdvjmt` d` trjl dj ejrr`, quj tr`uxj b`msak` ` tjoákrhe`. Hm`s lhas thrdj vja` ` tjoje`mj, quj e`a durhmtj dábhdhs h lhmjarh lhas b`lul dj sj oakhr ulh pjss`h é `utrh j hssal sj jsthnjojbjr h tjojb`lumabhëâ`. Mhturholjmtj fè ` sjrvaë` dj rèda` hlhd`rasl`, lhs quj mâ` htamkj luotadújs dj dj usuèra`s j tjl suhs oalathëújs oalathëújs phrh b`lumabhëújs b`lumabhëújs jl lhssh. Jmtâ`, htá p`ub`s hm`s htrès, ` us` dj phrjs dj `s e`a ` lja` lhas b`lul mhs tjojb`lumabhëújs. @ rèda`, m` sábuo` VV, t`rm`u-sj ul vjìbuo` dj b`lumabhëâ` dj lhsshs. Lhas thrdj `s shtáoatjs dj b`lumabhëâ`, sjrvarhl phrh amtjroakhr hs bjmtrhas tjojeômabhs h krhmdjs dastîmbahs j pr`p`rba`mhrhl hs oakhëújs amtjrurnhmhs j amtjrmhba`mhas sjl ` us` dh tjoje`masth. H b`lumabhëâ` lòvjo á ushdh fè luat` tjlp`7 e`a utaoazhdh durhmtj hs duhs krhmdjs kujrrhs, m` jmthmt`, b`l luaths oalathëújs djvad` és b`mdaëújs tábmabhs dj jmtâ`. Hs vèovuohs jojtrômabhs tamfhl bjrths oalathëújs b`l hs erjquãmbahs jojvhdhs j `utr`s jmtrhvjs quj oalathvhl ` us` dhs tjojb`lumabhëújs lòvjas. B`l ` djsjmv`ovaljmt` d`s sjlab`mdut`rjs j h jv`ouëâ` tábmabh hohvhmbhdh pjoh b`rradh jsphbaho e`a p`ssìvjo sj bfjkhr h`s jquaphljmt`s dj f`cj7 lhs ul krhmdj bhlamf` e`a pjrb`rrad` j luat`s `nstèbuo`s tavjrhl quj sjr vjmbad`s phrh sj bfjkhr h Tjoje`mah Lòvjo Bjouohr.
Tjoje`mah lòvjo Hmtjs dj amabahrl`s ` hssumt`, sj ehz mjbjssèra` ul pjqujm` b`ljmtèra` s`nrj ` s`l. Rjl luaths djo`mkhs, j sjl hpr`eumdhr jl b`mfjbaljmt`s eìsab`s, p`djl`s hrlhr quj ` s`l á ulh vhrahëâ` Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
8>
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
dj l`oábuohs d` hr, b`mtud` ` s`l sj pr`phkh m`s sòoad`s j m`s oìquad`s, lhs vhl`s m`s htjr h` s`l pr`phkhd` m` hr quj lhas m`s amtjrjssh. @ s`l sj pr`phkhmd` m` hr e`rlh rjkaújs dj b`lprjjmsâ` j rhrjehëâ` dhs l`oábuohs d` hr hr..
Hs vanrhëújs tãl ul tjlp` dj pr`phkhëâ` jl sjkumd`s, mh vjrdhdj jl ljm`s dj ul sjkumd` m`ss`s `uvad`s sâ` bhphzjs dj pjrbjnjr vhrahëújs dj >9 vjzjs h >9 lao vjzjs djsshs vanrhëújs. Hnhax` dj >9 j hbalh dj >9 lao mâ` `uval`s jsshs vhrahëújs. Mh prètabh mâ` dazjl`s >9 vjzjs j >9 lao vjzjs, lhs >9Fz j >9gFz jl f`ljmhkjl h Fjamrabf Fjrtz (86:;-8614, sèna` hojlâ` quj djsb`nrau hs `mdhs). @s s`ms tãl vèrahs bhrhbtjrìstabhs b`l` hoturh, talnrj, amtjmsadhdj, lhs mâ` sjrè `ncjt` dj m`ss` jstud` phrh mâ` eukarl`s d` jsb`p` d` burs`. Mhs tjojb`lumabhëújs, ` adjho sjrah trhmslatar t`dh h ehaxh hudìvjo h` `uvad` (>9Fz h >9gFz), lhs sj t`rmh pr`nojlètab` j djsmjbjssèra`. djsmjbjssèra`. @ BD tjl jssh ehaxh, lhs á ulh lìdah. H tìtuo` dj b`lphrhëâ` ` rèda` EL tjl ulh ehaxh dj >9Fz h 8:gFz quj khrhmtj ul s`l dj hotìssalh quhoadhdj. @ rjbjpt`r dj HL tjl suh s`m`radhdj quj vha dj >9Fz h :gFz hpjmhs, amejra`r h` EL, lhs quj pr`p`rba`mh ulh n`h quhoadhdj phrh v`z j hpr`vjatèvjo phrh lósabhs. Cè ` tjoje`mj tjl ulh ehaxh dj 229Fz h 2,2gFz quj phrh h v`z jstè dj n`l thlhmf`, vast` quj ` tjoje`mj sj djstamh h` jmva` dj ljmshkjms phrh rjbhd`s, h pra`ra. Jln`rh jssh ehaxh sjch luat` jstrjath joh khrhmtj ulh n`h amtjoakanaoadhdj phrh v`z quhmd` sj daz ulh erhsj, á ljm`r phrh hs phohvrhs j rual phrh sìohnhs. Xuhmd` sj tjl mjbjssadhdj dj ehohr sìohnhs sjlprj sunstatuìl`s p`r phohvrhs sjkuadhs dh sìohnh amabaho, b`l` H dj hl`r, N dj n`oh, D dj dhd`, B dj bhsh jtb phrh jvathr jmk`d`s. @utr`s tjlhs thlnál pjrtamjmtjs h` m`ss` jstud` sâ` ` eumba`mhljmt` d` trhmslass`r j d` rjbjpt`r quhoqujr amdjpjmdjmtj amdjpjmdjmtj dh erjquãmbah quj `pjrh. Hmtjs dj pr`ssjkuarl`s vjrjl`s h thnjoh hnhax` b`l hs erjquãmbahs utaoazhdhs, thlnál mâ` jmtrhrjl`s luat` d` îlhk` djssj tjlh phrh mâ` djsvahrl`s dj m`ss` e`b`, ljsl` p`rquj cè e`a tjlh dj jstud` hmtjra`rljmtj.
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
82
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
Hpjmhs phrh jejat` dj bura`sadhdj, `s bhmhas dj tjojvasâ` d` > h` 82 sâ` bfhlhd`s bhmhas dj UFE (Ujry Fakf Erjqujmby, erjquãmbah luat` hoth). @s bhmhas d` 84 h` 51 sâ` bfhlhd`s dj ZFE ( Zotrh Fakf Erjqujmby , erjquãmbahs uotrh jojvhdhs) `mdj sj jmb`mtrhl hs jlass`rhs dj tjojvasâ` b`l trhmslassâ` dakatho mh suh krhmdj lha`rah, m` jmthmt` fè badhdjs b`l bhmhas dakathas `pjrhmd` jl UFE, b`l` á ` bhs` dh badhdj dj Râ` Yhuo`. Trhmslass`r Trh mslass`r jl no`b`s p`dj sjr jstudhd`, rjsuladhljmtj b`l` mh kurh 8; hnhax`3
@ Hlpoabhd`r dj Èuda` j ` B`mvjrs`r Hmhoòkab` Dakatho rjbjnj ` samho vamd` d` labr`e`mj, quj p`dj sjr ` labr`e`mj ambous` h` hphrjof` dj bjouohr `u h` labr`e`mj cumt` h` e`mj dj `uvad`. Jstj b`mvjrtj hs vhrahëújs dj `mdh ljbîmabh d` s`l jl `mdhs joátrabhs b`l akuho erjquãmbah, sjmâ` hotjrhrah h v`z dj qujl ehoh. @ labr`e`mj b`mvjrtj h amtjmsadhdj d` s`l jl tjmsâ` joátrabh dj nhax` vho`r jl U`ot, mh vjrdhdj pjrt` dj d`as laoaU`ots. @ samho á jmtâ` hlpoabhd` j b`mvjrtad` jl samho dakatho. @ jstèka` @sbaohd`r kjrh ulh hotìssalh erjquãmbah b`l vho`r djmad` p`r suh su h `pjrhd`rh. @ L`duohd`r arè cumthr h erjquãmbah d` `sbaohd`r h` samho vamd` d` èuda`, thlnál b`me`rlj `s phdrújs djmad`s pjoh Hmhtjo7 á h bfhlhdh dj l`duohëâ`. Jstèka` Hlpoabhd`r dj Y`tãmbah dj ^èda` Erjquãmbah (^E) arè hlpoabhr ` samho l`duohd` h ul mìvjo tho quj h t`rrj dh báouoh rjbjnh ` samho kjrhd` sju bjouohr. H p`tãmbah b`stulh sjr ljm`s dj 8[, lhs fè hphrjof`s quj bfjkhl h`s 2[ dj p`tãmbah, kurh 86.
Eakurh 86 - Dahkrhlhs jl no`b`s dj ul rjbjpt`r. rjbjpt`r.
@ jstèka` Hlpoabhd`r dj Hmtjmh rjbjnj ` samho pr`vjmajmtj dhs J^N‑s7 mâ` b`o`bhl`s h hmtjmh m` dahkrhlh, lhs ` houm` djvj sunjmtjmdjr quj jxastj j bh ho`chdh amtjrmhljmtj m` hphrjof`. @ samho rjbjnad` á dj nhaxh tjmsâ`, dh `rdjl dj labr`v`ot, j sjrè hlpoabhd` j samt`mazhd` b`me`rlj h erjquãmbah dh báouoh lhas pròxalh. @ jstèka` Lasturhd`r ehrè h umaâ` d` samho kjrhd` pjo` `sbaohd`r o`bho j p`r ul sastjlh dj l`duohëâ` Er`mt Jmd `mdj `mdj ` samho sjrè dakathoazhd` b`l luath sjojtavadhdj j sjmsanaoadhdj 7 ojlnrhl`s ` houm` dj quj ` samho d` `sbaohd`r mâ` á dakatho, joj sjrè b`mvjrtad` mul b`mvjrs`r Hmhoòkab` Dakatho phrh p`stjra`rljmtj sjr utaoazhd` pjo` Lasturhd`r. Mhturholjmtj sjojtavadhdj á h bhrhbtjrìstabh d` rjbjpt`r7 sjojba`mhr ul samho sjl quj `utr` samho amtjrrh, hmtakhljmtj sj dazah Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
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Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
‟lasturhr hs jsthëújs“. @ jquaphljmt` dj bjouohr djvj tjr ulh jxbjojmtj sjojtavadhdj. Y`r sjmsanaoadhdj jmtjmdj-sj b`l` ulh vartudj quj ehz b`l quj ` hphrjof` rjbjnh, b`l n`h quhoadhdj, `s samhas erhb`s, jl kjrho pr`v`bhd`s p`r jsthr o`mkj dh báouoh `mdj sj o`bhoazh h J^N. Thas o`bhas bfhlhl`s dj ‟z`mhs dj s`lnrhs“ `mdj ` samho bh lhas erhb`. M`rlholjmtj jl jojvhd`rjs, htrès dj jdaeìba`s, d`s l`rr`s `u m`s o`bhas lhas hehsthd`s b`l` hs z`mhs rurhas. Y`rthmt` ` jquaphljmt` dj tjoje`mj bjouohr tjvj tjr ulh jxbjojmtj sjmsanaoadhdj. M`s o`bhas luat` dasthmtjs, b`l` mhs rjkaújs rurhas á hb`msjofhd` sj amsthohr ulh ‟hmtjmh dj bjouohr“, `u ul pjqujm` rjpjtad`r phrh rjs`ovjr h nhaxh sjmsanaoadhdj. Mh tjoh d` hphrjof` bjouohr fè ulh jsbhoh `mdj sj p`dj hb`lphmfhr h amtjmsadhdj d` samho quj bfjkh h` hphrjof`. @s jstèka`s Hlpoabhd`r j Djtjbt`r tãl p`r mhoadhdj hlpoabhr ` samho rjsuothmtj dh lasturh d` `sbaohd`r o`bho b`l ` d` hlpoabhd`r dj hmtjmh. @ samho rjsuothmtj á dakatho j sjrè djtjbthd`, ast` á, vha sj rjtarhr ` samho dh v`z, quj vja` cumt` b`l ulh erjquãmbah hotìssalh dh báouoh lhas pròxalh. H v`z á d` `utr` usuèra` quj ofj bfhl`u, p`stjra`rljmtj ` samho dj v`z sjrè hlpoabhd` jl p`tãmbah phrh sjr hpoabhd` é bèpsuoh rjbjpt`rh (` ‟hot`ehohmtj“ ‟hot`ehohmtj“ d` bjouohr, quj sj ush b`o`bhmd` h` pá d` `uvad`), h` e`mj dj `uvad` `u h` hot`ehohmtj d` vavh v`z. Eamhoazhmd` jssj tòpab`, p`djl`s hrlhr quj ` hphrjof` dj tjoje`mah lòvjo á ul trhmsbjpt`r, p`as tjl amb`rp`rhd` ul trhmslass`r j ul rjbjpt`r. Ejat` jssj nrjvj b`ljmtèra`, v`otjl`s h` hm` dj 814; quhmd` ` Ohn`rhtòra` Njoo, m`s Jsthd`s Zmad`s, b`ljë`u h djsjmv`ovjr ul sastjlh lòvjo dj tjoje`mah. Cè m` mho d`s hm`s ;9 ` Chpâ` j h Ruábah htavhl sjus sjrvaë`s b`l tjbm`o`kah pròprah. Mh Jur`ph, bhdh phas djsjmv`ovju ul sastjlh pròpra`, quj hbhn`u mâ` vahnaoazhmd` b`l ` tjlp`, p`as ul hphrjof` dj ul djtjrlamhd` phìs mâ` eumba`mhvh jl `utr`, j h b`lumabhëâ` jmtrj `s phìsjs sj t`rmhvh daeìbao jl vartudj dj sj tjr quj ehzjr b`mvjrsújs. H hljrabhmh HT&T HT&T,, jl 8162, bra`u ul l`djo` quj e`a alpohmthd` jl Bfabhk` pjoh praljarh vjz. Y`stjra`rljmtj h tjoje`mah bjouohr khmf`u vahnaoadhdj j phss`u h sjr hd`thdh mh dábhdh dj 69 p`r quhsj t`d`s `s phìsjs. Y`stjra`rljmtj b`l h bfjkhdh d` sastjlh dakatho KRL (Ko`nho Rystjl e`r L`naoj jl p`rtukuãs Rastjlh Ko`nho phrh B`lumabhëújs Lòvjas) sjkuau-sj ul phdrâ` prhtabhljmtj umavjrsho, b`l pjqujmhs daejrjmëhs jmtrj `s sastjlhs d`s phìsjs. M` Nrhsao tavjl`s ul sjrvaë` sjr vaë` lòvjo cè jl 81;> j b`mthvh b`l hpr`xalhdhljmtj 8:9 tjrlamhas mh badhdj dj Nrhsìoah utaoazhvh tjbm`o`kah ALTR ( Alpr`vj L`naoj Tjojpf`mj Rystjl, Ljof`rhd` Rastjlh dj Tjoje`mah Lòvjo), quj mhturholjmtj mâ` vamk`u p`r vèra`s jmtrhvjs jmtrhvjs j hot` bust`. Jl 8164 b`ljëhl `s jstud`s phrh sj alpohmthr ulh tjbm`o`kah d`s sjrvaë`s lòvjas j ` jsb`ofad` e`a ` HLYR ( Hdvhmbjd Hdvhmbjd L`naoj Yf`mj Rystjl , Rastjlh Hvhmëhd` dj Tjoje`mj Lòvjo) quj á ul sastjlh hmhoòkab` phdrâ` hljrabhm`, quj e`a sjkuad` p`r luat`s phìsjs m` lumd`. Jejtavhljmtj h tjoje`mah lòvjo amaba`u m` Nrhsao jl 8119, m` l`ljmt` quj h Tjojrc amstho`u, m` jsthd` d` ^a` dj Chmjar`, bjrbh dj 29 jsthëújs dj rèda` nhsj b`l bhphbadhdj phrh 89 lao tjrlamhas dj hbjss`. H nhmdh H e`a alpohmthdh b`l h tjbm`o`kah HLYR, phdrâ` m`rtj-hljrabhm` dj bjouohr, b`me`rlj b`ljmthl`s, j p`djl`s dazjr quj e`a m`ssh praljarh kjrhëâ` dj tjojeômabh bjouohr, 8K. @s praljar`s l`djo`s e`rhl pr`duzad`s pjoh L`t`r`oh l`djo` YT-::9, kurh 81.
Eakurh 81 - Zl d`s praljar`s l`djo`s dj hphrjof`s bjouohrjs vjmdad`s m` Nrhsao. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
8:
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
Eakurh >9 - Davasújs dhs erjquãmbahs phrh h tjoje`mah lòvjo.
Jrhl hphrjof`s hmhoòkab`s quj trhzahl ` adjmtabhd`r dj bfhlhdhs b`l` am`vhëâ` j hkjmdh amtjkrhdh h` hphrjof`. E`a b`ljrbahoazhd` mhs b`rjs bamzh jsbur` `u bohr`, ljdah >>,6 bjmtìljtr`s dj hoturh j pjshvh 2:9 krhlhs. H nhtjrah pjrlath htá duhs f`rhs dj oakhëâ` j 8: f`rhs mh p`saëâ` sthmd-ny. @ hphrjof` tamfh 8> n`tújs phdrújs dj móljr`s j samhas, j `utr`s 89 n`tújs, sjmd` `at` o`k` hnhax` d`s móljr`s, b`l eumëújs b`l` oakhr oakhr,, djsoakhr j rjdasbhkjl, j d`as mh ohtjrho, phrh b`mtr`ohr ` v`oulj. ^hpadhljmtj `s bjouohrjs, phdrâ` HLYR, e`rhl lakrhmd` phrh `utr`s jsthd`s d` Nrhsao htá bfjkhrl`s jl 8; dj m`vjlnr` dj 811; quhmd` sj phss`u h b`ljrbahoazhr h nhmdh N dakatho mh badhdj dj Nrhsìoah. Jl lha` dj 8116 e`a h vjz dh rjkaâ` ljtr`p`oathmh dj Râ` Yhuo` rjbjnjr `s sjrvaë`s dakathas dj nhmdh N. U`othmd` h` hm` dj 811;, cè b`l ` ljrbhd` dh tjoje`mah lòvjo h t`d` vhp`r hqua m` Nrhsao, ` jspjbtr` dj erjquãmbah e`a davadad` jl nhmdhs H j N. H nhmdh H dj 6>:,92 LFz h 624,11 LFz j nhmdh N dj 645,:8 LFz h 646,1; LFz7 m` jmthmt` jsths ehaxhs e`rhl hlpoahdhs, vjch h thnjoh hbalh3 Eakurh >9. @s hphrjof`s bjouohrjs phsshrhl p`r vèrahs kjrhëújs, djsdj `s praljar`s quj e`rhl ohmëhd`s m` lumd`. H praljarh kjrhëâ` `u 8K e`a h ehsj hmhoòkabh, quj d`lam`u ` ljrbhd` m` amìba` d`s hm`s 19 19 m` Nrhsao, jl `utr`s phìsjs d` lumd` hb`mtjbju m`s hm`s 69. Y`stjra`rljmtj tavjl`s h sjkumdh kjrhëâ`, >K, dakatho quj hb`mtjbju mh ljthdj d`s hm`s 19 m` Nrhsao j b`ljëhrhl h surkar `s bfaps, bfhlhd`s KRL. Rjkua-sj h >,:K quj tr`uxj ulh vjrsâ` lhas hpral`rhdh dh >K, b`l ljof`r trhmslassâ` dj dhd`s. Dh >,:K phrh h 2K e`a rèpadh h phsshkjl, j `s hphrjof`s lòvjas b`ljëhrhl h `pjrhr p`ssanaoathmd` ljof`r ` hbjss` é amtjrmjt j amb`rp`rhmd` hpoabhtav`s jxtrjlhljmtj ótjas b`l` lhphs, KYR, sjrvaë`s dj b`mjxújs (r`hlamk) ehzjmd` b`l quj ul hphrjof` pudjssj eumba`mhr jl luaths phrtjs d` lumd`, mâ` bhmd` prjs` h ulh badhdj, jsthd` `u phas. @ 2K b`u p`r p`ub` tjlp` j o`k` surkau ` 2,:K ljof`rhmd` h vjo`badhdj dj b`mjxâ` j sj hpr`xalhmd` dh vjo`badhdj dh amtjrmjt dj nhmdh ohrkh b`mvjmba`mho. Y`r l, htuholjmtj, jsthl`s cè mh quhrth kjrhëâ` 4K dj tjoje`mah lòvjo, j tjl`s ulh vjo`badhdj luat` supjra`r d` quj cè jxastj mh trhmslassâ` dj dhd`s vah amtjrmjt. B`l tho djsjmv`ovaljmt`, `s hpoabhtav`s m`s bjouohrjs sj luotapoabhrhl bh dh vj z lh a s7 prhta prhtabhljm bhljmtj tj f`cj `s `s hphrjof`s hphrjof`s dj bjouohr bjouohrjs js lòvjas lòvjas sâ` lhas lhas ushd`s ushd`s b`l` e`mtjs e`mtjs dj dhd`s, sunstatuamd` `s b`lputhd`rjs djsgt`ps, quj b`l` tjoje`mj pr`prahljmtj dat`, b`l` e`rh b`mbjnad` fè p`ub`s hm`s htrès. Nhsth ` houm` m`thr quj `s htuhas hphrjof`s bjouohrjs sunstatuìrhl `s lhphs, kuahs dj ruhs dhs badhdjs, djspjrthd`rjs, `s hphrjof`s dj KYR, t`bhd`rjs dj lìdah b`l` LY2 j LY4, hkjmdhs jojtrômabhs, bhobuohd`rhs j htá ` pròpra` tjoje`mj, vast` quj fè hpoabhtav`s quj p`ssanaoathl sj ehzjr oakhëâ` tjojeômabh `u vìdj` b`mejrãmbah ushmd` s`ljmtj dhd`s dh amtjrmjt j Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
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Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
mâ` ushmd` `s brádat`s dh `pjrhd`rh, b`l` ` hpoabhtav` [fhtsHpp. H tjoje`mah bjouohr lòvjo á ` ljrbhd` quj lhas brjsbj m` lumd`. M` Nrhsao ` móljr` dj hphrjof`s bjouohrjs cè uotrhphss`u ` móljr` dj fhnathmtjs, `u sjch, jl ládah ul nrhsaojar` tjl lhas dj ul hphrjof`. H prambapho vhmthkjl dh tjoje`mah bjouohr á h krhmdj l`naoadhdj, b`l joh ` usuèra` b`msjkuj sj b`lumabhr vah tjoje`mj `u dhd`s ljsl` jsthmd` jl djso`bhljmt`. Ass` s`ljmtj á p`ssìvjo p`rquj mh tjoje`mah bjouohr h b`lumabhëâ` á ejath vah `mdhs dj rèda`, quj mâ` mjbjssathl d` us` dj `s phrh jsthnjojbjr h oakhëâ` jmtrj ` tjoje`mj bjouohr j ulh Jsthëâ` ^èda`-Nhsj.
Jsthëâ` Lòvjo Á ` m`lj quj sj dè h` tjoje`mj bjouohr quj tjl`s jl m`sshs lâ`s, cè mhs báouohs tjl`s hs Jsthëújs ^èda`-Nhsj (J^N), quj jmbhlamfhl hs oakhëújs phrh h Bjmtrho dj B`luthëâ` j B`mtr`oj (BBB). H Bjmtrho dj B`luthëâ` j B`mtr`oj (BBB) eumba`mh b`l` ` bárjnr` d` sastjlh, oakhmd`-sj h t`dhs hs báouohs j b`mtr`ohmd` oakhëújs jmtrj `s hssamhmtjs, kurh >8. @ houm` m`th quj hs báouohs jstâ` hehsthdhs he hsthdhs ulhs dhs `utrhs phrh jvathr amtjrejrãmbahs jmtrj johs j bhdh báouoh p`ssua ulh t`rrj dj J^N b`l ul hobhmbj, jl ládah, dj : gl dj b`njrturh. H báouoh p`dj sjr davadadh jl labr`báouohs, bhs` fhch luath djlhmdh dj usuèra`s jl ulh djohs. Y`djl`s bathr b`l` jxjlpo` hs èrjhs djmshljmtj p`v`hdhs `mdj fè luat` trèejk` dj oakhëújs, dhì hs báouohs sâ` davadadhs phrh ljof`r htjmdjr `s usuèra`s. M`tj ` houm` quj h BB BBB B, hoál dj amtjroakhr hs J^Nis, thlnál suprjl hs J^Nis b`l dhd`s dakathas j pèkamhs dh amtjrmjt. Hs trhmslassújs jmtrj ` sju bjouohr j hs Jsthëújs dj J^N j jmtrj h BBB sâ` ejaths p`r ehaxhs dj erjquãmbah, `u nhmdhs, bohssabhdhs b`l` H, N, B, D, J. Thmt` Thmt` hs BBB j hs J^Ns (jsthëújs dj rèda`-nhsj) dh `pjrhd`rh djvjl htjmdjr h`s oalatjs dj sjkurhmëh jxakad`s pjoh HMHTJO (Hkãmbah Mhba`mho dj Tjojb`lumabhëújs). Hnhax` tjl`s h thnjoh dhs erjquãmbahs vasth dj `utr` e`rlht`, kurh >>.
Eakurh >8 - Dahkrhlh dhs J^N‑R j dhs BBB‑s amtjroakhmd`-hs.
Eakurh >> - Thnjoh dhs erjquãmbahs. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
8;
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
Hphrjof` dj Tjoje`mah Lòvjo jl No`b`s B`ljëhrjl`s hmhoashmd` ` prambìpa` dj eumba`mhljmt` dj ul tjoje`mj bjouohr quj sj hpoabh h krhmdj lha`rah djojs, kurh >2. Erashl`s, oamfhs htrès, quj ` hphrjof` bjouohr á ul trhmsbjpt`r quj trhmslatj j rjbjnj samhas dj rèda` erjquãmbah hbalh d`s 699LFz7 mjssj no`b` hbalh tjl`s, hoál dh rjbjpëâ` d` samho dj 2K j 4K, h rjdj sjl ` ([A-EA), ` Noujt``tf, ` samho dj rèda` EL j hokums hphrjof`s thlnál tãl tjojvasâ` dakatho. M`tj ` houm` mh hmtjmh h p`saëâ` dhs sjths j pjrbjnh quj, phrh ` rèda` j h tjojvasâ`, h sjth s`ljmtj hp`mth phrh jmtrhdh, jmquhmt` hs djlhas jmtrhl j shjl phrh hmtjmh. @ Jstèka` dj ^èda` Erjquãmbah (^E), tjl h mhoadhdj dj rjbjnjr `s samhas dh J^Nis njl b`l` dj `utr` hphrjof` vah Noujt``tf `u d`s l`djms ` samho dj [A-EA. Raluothmjhljmtj sj ehz mjbjssèra` jmvaè-o`s thlnál. Jstj jstèka` p`dj sjr djsoakhd` vah b`lhmd` dj pr`krhlh quhmd` sj b`o`bh jl ‟l`d` hvaâ`“7 m`s hphrjof`s lhas hmtak`s, b`l jssj b`lhmd`, sj phrhoashvh t`dh htavadhdj dj rèda` erjquãmbah7 htuholjmtj fè hphrjof`s quj djsb`mjbth hpjmhs ` samho dhs J^N‑s bhmd` Noujt``tf, [A-EA, rèda` j tjojvasâ` `pjrhmd` m`rlholjmtj. B`mjbthd` h jssj jstèka` tjl`s ` bhrtâ` RAL, bfhlhd` p`puohrljmtj p`r ‟bfap“, quj á e`rmjbad` pjoh `pjrhd`rh `mdj trhz krhvhd` ` móljr` dh oamfh j thlnál krhvh oasth dj b`mtht`s7 fè hphrjof`s b`l lhas dj ul bhrtâ` b`l á dj b`mfjbaljmt`. Jmb`mtrhl`s mjssj jstèka` ` barbuat` amtjkrhd` RGQ;;::9 ehnrabhd` pjoh Rgyw`rgs quj tjl hs eumëújs dj rjbjpëâ` j trhmslassâ` d` Noujt``tf j d` [A-EA7 l`strhl`s, hnhax`, ` dahkrhlh jl no`b`s e`rmjbad` pjo` ehnrabhmtj. Ojlnrhl`s ` houm` dj quj mâ` sj prj`bupj bhs` mâ` ofj sjch bohr` ` ada`lh amkoãs, htjmtj hpjmhs phrh ` ^x (rjbjpëâ`) j Tx (trhmslassâ`) j m`tj `s hlpoabhd`rjs dj p`tãmbah prjsjmtjs djmtr`s d` barbuat` amtjkrhd`. amtjkrhd`. @s no`b`s trahmkuohrjs mh f`raz`mtho sakmabhl hlpoabhd`rjs, h bfhvj rjvjrs`rh á ul barbuat` jojtrômab` j `s djlhas b`lp`mjmtjs quj ` houm` rjb`mfjbj b`l` bhphbat`rjs, rjsast`rjs j ul amdut`r ehzjl phrtj dj ul b`mcumt` djmtr` d` barbuat` amtjkrhd` `mdj mâ` tjl`s hbjss`, p`r `utr` ohd` ` ehnrabhmtj mâ` davuokh ` jsqujlh jojtrômab`. M` jmthmt` ast` mâ` sj ehz mjbjssèra` phrh rjhoazhr h lhmutjmëâ`, vast` quj mâ` fè b`l` tjsthr b`lp`mjmtjs amtjrm`s dj quhoqujr barbuat` amtjkrhd`, rjsth h` pr`ssa`mho hpjmhs sunstatuar jl bhs` dj hvhrah quhmd` ` hphrjof` mâ` eumba`mhr jl Noujt``tf `u [a-EA . Xujrjl`s bfhlhr h htjmëâ` d` houm` quj tho barbuat` amtjkrhd` p`dj eumba`mhr njl ulh htavadhdj j mâ` eumba`mhr `utrh, ast` á ` [A-EA p`dj jsthr m`rlho j ` Noujt``tf Noujt``tf mâ`, vabj-vjrsh `u hln`s. Mh kurh >4 vjl`s ` hspjbt` d` barbuat` amtjkrhd`. amtjkrhd`. M`tj quj h s`odhkjl djoj á ejath dj ul l`d` jspjbaho bfhlhd` dj NKH á ul sastjlh dj s`odh ejath b`l lamósbuohs ‟n`oamfhs“ dj s`odh j eumdadhs b`l ul vhp`r jspjbaho h 869 krhus. Mjbjssath dj ul ‟e`rm` jspjbaho“, vjch h kurh >:.
Eakurh >2 - Dahkrhlh jl no`b`s d` barbuat` amtjkrhd` RGQ;;::9. Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
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Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
Eakurh >4 - Uasth supjra`r dj ul barbuat` amtjkrhd` b`l s`odh d` tap` NKH (Nhoo Krad Hrrhy, lhtraz dj krhmdjs jseárabhs).
Eakurh >: - E`rm` dj rjtrhnhof` dj s`odhs NKH.
RAL, á b`lul sjr bfhlhd` dj ‟bfap“, sakmabh Runsbranjr Adjmtaty L`duoj, Lòduo` dj Adjmtabhëâ` d` Hssamhmtj, quj mhdh lhas á quj ul barbuat` jojtrômab` jojtrômab` utaoazhd` phrh adjmtaeabhr adjmtaeabhr,, b`mtr`ohr j hrlhzjmhr dhd`s d`s tjoje`mjs bjouohrjs b`l h tjbm`o`kah KRL ( Ko`nho Rystjl e`r L`naoj B`llumabhta`ms, Rastjlh Ko`nho phrh B`lumabhëújs L`váas). Á ul bhrtâ` e`rmjbad` pjohs `pjrhd`rhs dj tjoje`mah bjouohr `mdj sj jmb`mtrhl ` móljr` d` usuèra` dh `pjrhd`rh, sjrvaë`s quj e`rhl b`mtrhthd`s, j thlnál hrlhzjmh m`ljs j móljr`s dj tjoje`mjs jl ulh hkjmdh. Ojlnrhl`s ` houm` dj quj bhdh bhrtâ` RAL tjl ul móljr` ómab` m` lumd`. Fè hphrjof`s quj sup`rthl lhas dj ul bhrtâ` RAL quj ` t`rmh lhas jbhz `mdj ulh djtjrlamhdh `pjrhd`rh mâ` eumba`mh b`l n`h quhoadhdj dj samho, `u phrh sj jb`m`lazhr brádat`s jl oakhëújs. F`cj jl dah á b`lul sj b`o`bhr ` m`lj dh `pjrhd`rh cumt` h` móljr` d` usuèra`. @ bhrtâ` RAL á phssìvjo dj hvhrahs, lhs mjstj bhs` j h `pjrhd`rh qujl djvjrè sunstatuì-o`, m` jmthmt` á b`lul djejat`s m` b`mjbt`r d` bhrtâ` RAL, b`l` lhu b`mtht` dh s`odh, `u mâ` bfjkhr tjmsâ` p`satavh h` tjrlamho dj hoaljmthëâ` d` bfap. Hojrthl`s ` houm` phrh quj mâ` rjtarj ` bhrtâ` b`l ` hphrjof` oakhd`7 djvj djsoakhr ` hphrjof` phrh jvathr dhm`s arrjljdaèvjas h` bhrtâ` `u h` hphrjof`. Djvj, thlnál, sjr phbajmtj j buadhd`s`, mâ` rjtarhmd` nrusbhljmtj phrh mâ` dhmabhr `s b`mjbt`rjs, prambapholjmtj quhmd` e`r prjbas` rjtarhr `u amsthohr mhm`bhrtújs. Hnhax` tjl`s, dh jsqujrdh phrh darjath, bhrtâ` RAL thlhmf` m`rlho, `u lamaRAL b`l hs ljdadhs jl laoìljtr` dj >:x8:x9,;5, labr`RAL 8:x8>x9,;5 j mhm`RAL 8>,2x6,6x9,5;, kurh >5.
Eakurh >5 - Bhrtâ` RAL, p`puohr bfap, jl thlhmf` m`rlho, labr`RAL j mhm`RAL.
@ bhrtâ` RAL á, mh vjrdhdj, ul barbuat` alprjss` b`l ul barbuat` jojtrômab` djdabhd` h kuhrdhr ame`rlhëújs d` móljr` dh oamfh d` usuèra`, sjrvaë` b`mtrhthd` jtb, b`l` val`s oamfhs htrès, phrh thmt` joj b`mth b`l ul labr`pr`bjsshd`r quj tjl ljlòrahs, umadhdj dj oòkabh j hratlátabh, barbuat` dj tjlp`razhd`r j p`rths dj jmtrhdh j shìdh ( A/@, amput/`utput ).). H praljarh vjrsâ` d` bhrtâ` tamfh sò 6gNytj dj ljlòrah, djp`as 85gN 85gN j 2>gN, h sjkumdh vjrsâ` b`ljë`u b`l 2>gN, 54gN j 8>6gN. H prambapho eumëâ`, b`l` cè erashl`s, á hutjmtabhr ` usuèra` é rjdj KRL dj suh `pjrhd`rh, hssal, quhmd` oakhd`, ` hphrjof` pr`burh h rjdj lhas pròxalh j h ljslh o`bhoazh h p`saëâ` d` Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
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Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
hssamhmtj j b`l ` móljr` dh oamfh, móljr` d` bhrtâ` RAL, ` ‟o`kam“j ‟o`kam“j sjmfh á ejat` hut`lhtabhljmtj pjo` bhrtâ` RAL j mâ` pjo` hphrjof`, mhturholjmtj, vast` quj ` RAL p`dj sjr ushd` jl `utr`s hphrjof`s djsno`qujhd`s. @ bhrtâ` RAL tjl ulh sjmfh dj quhtr` móljr`s phrh hutjmtabhëâ`, bfhlhdh dj YAM ( Yjrs`mho Adjmtaey Mulnjr , Móljr` Yjrs`mhoazhd` dj Adjmtabhëâ`) quj vjl cumt` b`l ` ljsl` m` l`ljmt` dh hquasaëâ`. Bhs` ` usuèra` dakatj h sjmfh jrrhdhljmtj p`r hokulhs vjzjs, p`r jxjlpo` bamb` vjzjs, h` tjmthr dakathr h sjmfh pjoh sjxth vjz ` bhrtâ` RAL bhrè no`qujhd`. Mjssj bhs`, m`tj ` houm` quj fè móljr` dj YZG ( YAM Zmno`bgamk Gjy , Bfhvj Djsno`qujhd`rh d` YAM).
Eakurh >; - Móljr`s e`rmjbad`s pjoh `pjrhd`rh d` bhrtâ` RAL.
Ejat` ` djsno`quja` b`l ` YZG, ` usuèra` d` hphrjof` p`djrè utaoazhr ` YAM> j rjb`mjbthr b`l h `pjrhd`rh m`rlholjmtj, hamdh p`djrè ushr ` YZG> phrh djsno`qujhr m`vhljmtj, lhs mjssj bhs` joj djvjrè jmtrhr jl b`mtht` b`l h `pjrhd`rh. Hpr`vjathmd` ` tjlh, vhl`s jstjmdjr phrh ` bhrtâ` dj ljlòrah RD ( Rjburj Dakatho Bhrd ) quj b`stulh bhr pròxal` h` bhrtâ` RAL. @ bhrtâ` RD á ushd` phrh huljmthr h bhphbadhdj dj hrlhzjmhljmt` m` hphrjof`. Uah dj rjkrh sj jlprjkh phrh lhmtjr lósabhs, vìdj`s j e`t`krhhs sjl s`nrjbhrrjkhr h ljlòrah d` bjouohr pr`prahljmtj dat`. Mh kurh >6 H tjl`s h vasth dh erjmtj dj ul bhrtâ` RD j mh kurh >6 N, h vasth trhsjarh d` bhrtâ` RD, ljm`r, ljm`r, j sju hdhpthd`r hdhpthd`r..
Eakurh >6 - Bhrtâ` RD b`l hdhpthd`r phrh `utr`s hphrhrjof`s b`l` b`lputhd`rjs, m`tjn``gs, bhaxhs dj s`l jtb.
Jl kjrho mjbjssath-sj d` hdhpthd`r phrh sj ushr jl hphrjof`s dj s`l d`lástab`s `u hut`l`tav`s j mhs bîljrhs e`t`krèbhs. M`s hphrj of`s dj tjoje`mjs bjouohrjs ush-sj sjl ` hdhpthd`r. Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
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Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
Ljlòrah Hs ljlòrahs sâ` ushdhs phrh hrlhzjmhr nat 8 8 `u nat 9, ojlnrhl`s ` houm` dj quj ul b`mcumt` e`rlhd` p`r 6 nats rjbjnj ` m`lj dj 8 Nytj. Y`djl`s ushr ul barbuat` Eoap Eo`p phrh hrlhzjmhr ul nat (quj p`dj sjr 8 `u p`dj sjr 9), p`rthmt` phrh sj hrlhzjmhr ul nytj sâ` mjbjssèra`s 6 ap-`p´s. Ljlòrahs ejaths b`l ap-`p´s sâ` bfhlhdhs dj ^HL´s Jstètabhs, lhs fè hs ^HL´s damîlabhs ejaths b`l nhmb` dj bhphbat`rjs phrh sj `ntjr krhmdj bhphbadhdj dj ljlòrah b`l nhax` b`msul` dj jmjrkah joátrabh7 thas ljlòrahs damîlabhs sâ` ushdhs jl b`lputhd`rjs. Tjl`s `utr`s tap`s dj ljlòrahs b`l` hs Y^@L´s, JY^@L´s, JJY^@L´s j hs Eohsf´s quj jlprjkhl`s m`s bhrtújs dj ljlòrahs j amtjrmhljmtj, m`s barbuat`s amtjkrhd`s labr`pr`bjsshd`s. Jsth ljlòrah tjl ulh durhëâ` dj bjl lao vjzjs, ast` á, p`dj sj krhvhr, hphkhr j krhvhr m`vhljmtj durhmtj bjl lao vjzjs. Hnhax` tjl`s ul barbuat` amtjkrhd` dj ulh ljlòrah Eohsf ushdh jl hphrjof`s dj bjouohr, m`tj quj sj ush s`odhkjl jl supjreìbaj supjr eìbaj RLD, kurh >1.
Eakurh >1 - Ljlòrah Eohsf.
Mh kurh 29 tjl`s ul barbuat` amtjkrhd` dj ulh ljlòrah ^HL jstètabh l`strhdh hpjmhs h tìtuo` dj bura`sadhdj.
Eakurh 29 - Ljlòrah ^HL ehnrabhdh pjoh Latsunasf.
Mh kurh 28 tjl`s ul barbuat` amtjkrhd` dj ljlòrah thlnál s`odhd` pjo` pr`bjss` NKH.
Eakurh 28 - Ljlòrahs s`odhdhs p`r pr`bjss` NKH jl ulh pohbh dj bjouohr. bjouohr. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
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Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
Fè thlnál ljlòrahs Eohsf´s j ^hl´s quj eabhl amtjrmhljmtj m`s barbuat`s amtjkrhd`s labr`pr`bjsshd`rjs. Yjrbjnh ` houm` quj ` jstèka` dj ljlòrah tr`bh ame`rlhëújs, ast` á, p`dj sjr oadh ulh ame`rlhëâ` prjsjmtj mh ljlòrah `u krhvhr ulh ame`rlhëâ` m` nhmb` dj ljlòrah, m` bhs` dazjl`s ‟jsbrjvjr mh ljlòrah“. H ame`rlhëâ`, mh vjrdhdj, á ul b`mcumt` dj nytjs b`l 6 nats bhdh nytj j `s 6 nats sjrâ` ul móljr` namèra` phrh quj `s barbuat`s jmtjmdhl. Hssal sjmd` p`djl`s tjr ul nytj e`rlhd` pjo`s nats 8998 8898, 9998 9988 jtb. H sjkuar vhl`s l`strhr ` bòdak` HRB AA jl `utr` e`rlht` d` quj sjrè l`strhd` j jxpoabhd`, euturhljmtj h` houm`, kurh 2>. H tìtuo` dj bura`sadhdj htjmtj ` houm` phrh ` móljr` djbalho 5:89, quj b`rrjsp`mdj h` fjxhdjbalho 4885, p`djl`s jsbrjvã-o` jl namèra` quj sjrè, b`l` val`s hmtjra`rljmtj3 9899 9998>, `rh tho móljr` á h ojtrh ‟H“. Cè ` móljr` 1;89 b`rrjsp`mdj h 5885 `u 9889 9998> sjrè h ojtrh ‟h“. Jmtâ` vjch quj mjstjs d`as jxjlpo`s, tjl`s d`as nytjs, ul b`rrjsp`mdj é ojtrh ‟H“, lhaósbuoh j `utr` é ojtrh ‟h“ lamósbuoh. Hssal sjmd`, phrh hrlhzjmhrl`s ulh ojtrh mjbjssathl`s dj `at` báouohs dj ljlòrahs, sjmd` quj bhdh báouoh hrlhzjmh ul nat hpjmhs7 jl `utrhs phohvrhs phrh hrlhzjmhr ulh phohvrh prjbashl`s dj ulh ljlòrah phrh 6 nats `u 8 nytj. Hssal, h ljdadh jl quj `s dhd`s vâ` bfjkhmd` jojs arâ` sj hb`l`dhr m`s jmdjrjë`s lhas nhax`s dj ljlòrah. B`l` h ljlòrah hsf sup`rth sup`r th htá 899 999 vjzjs hphkhr j krhvhr, hb`msjofhl`s ` houm` quj jsbohrjëh sju boajmtj phrh jvathr djojthr hrquav`s b`l luath erjquãmbah phrh jvathr rjduzar h vadh ótao dhs ljlòrahs.
Eakurh 2> - Bòdak` HRB AA
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
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Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
Labr`pr`bjsshd`r Luat`s hphrjof`s b`mbjmtrhl vèrahs eumëújs mul sò jmbhpsuohljmt` d` barbuat` amtjkrhd`, amtjkrhd`, vjch, p`r jxjlpo`, ` dahkrhlh jl no`b`s d` barbuat` amtjkrhd` LT5>:2, kurh 22.
Eakurh 22 - Hpoabhëâ` LT5>:2.
Lhas ulh vjz hojrthl`s ` houm` hou m` phrh mâ` sj prj`buphr b`l ` ada`lh amkoãs, vjrjl`s `s no`b`s j ` houm` jmtjmdjrè, ljsl` jsthmd` jl `utr` ada`lh. Htjmtj quj, mh phrtj amejra`r, tjl`s h jmtrhdh d`s d`as bhrtújs RAL, djp`as tjl`s ` sjms`r BL@R quj á ushd` phrh ‟nhtjr e`t`s“ j olhr. Hoál dj jxjbuthr thas eumëújs ` hphrjof` á amtjoakjmtj j b`rrakj daejrjmëhs dj ouz pr`pabahmd` ulh n`h e`t`krhh. @ no`b` ZH^T (Zmavjrsho Hsymbfr`m`us ^jbjavjr Trhmslattjr , ^jbjpt`r Trhmslass`r Hssìmbr`m` Zmavjrsho), sjrvj phrh b`mjbthr, p`r jxjlpo`, ` bjouohr h` b`lputhd`r `u utaoazhr ul bhn` @TK, kurh 24, phrh sjr p`ssìvjo oakhr ul ‟pjm dravjr“ h` bjouohr.
Eakurh 24 - Bhn` @TK (@m tfj K`)
Jl sjkuadh tjl`s ` tjbohd` (GJQYHB) tap` X[J^TQ quj p`stjra`rljmtj e`a sunstatuìd` p`r ` no`b` T`ubfsbrjjm. @ tjbohd` á l`mthd` m` sastjlh dj lhtraz, b`l `at` b`oumhs (B 9 h B;) j sjtj oamfhs (O9 h O5). Hoál dhs tjbohs jl lhtraz thlnál fè ulh tjboh phrh oakh djsoakh, kurh 2:. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
>2
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
Eakurh 2: - Dahkrhlh dj ul tjbohd` jl sastjlh dj lhtraz.
Bhdh vjz quj ulh tjboh á prjssa`mhdh ul barbuat` amtjrm` m` pr`bjsshd`r jmtjmdj b`l` vhrahëâ` dj tjmsâ`, oã h tjboh prjssa`mhdh j ljl`razh ` quj e`a prjssa`mhd`, jl kjrho hprjsjmth m` daspohy ` quj e`a prjssa`mhd`. B`mtamuhmd`, tjl`s ` bhrrjkhd`r (BFH^KJ^), quj sjrè utaoazhd` phrh rjbhrrjkhr h nhtjrah quhmd` ` hphrjof` pjdar quj sjch rjbhrrjkhd`. rjbhrrjkhd`. @ bhrrjkhd`r mâ` djvj sjr utaoazhd` quhoqujr ul7 sjlprj djvjl`s m`s htjr h bhphbadhdj dj b`rrjmtj dh nhtjrah j h bhphbadhdj dj Hlpærj d` bhrrjkhd`r. bhrrjkhd`r. Mâ` sj djvj utaoazhr bhrrjkhd`r b`l b`rrjmtj hbalh dh bhphbadhdj dh nhtjrah phrh mâ` rjduzar h vadh ótao dh ljslh, sj njl quj mjstj bhs` ` bhrrjkhljmt` á luat` lhas rèpad`, lhs b`lpr`ljtj h vadh ótao j p`dj bhushr hqujbaljmt` hm`rlho dh nhtjrah quj á pjrak`s`. Y`r `utr` ohd`, ul bhrrjkhd`r dj nhaxh b`rrjmtj p`djrè mâ` rjbhrrjkhr t`tholjmtj h nhtjrah, `u djl`rhr vèrahs f`rhs phrh tho, kurh 25. Mh kurh 2; tjl`s ul bhrrjkhd`r phrh us` hut`l`tav`, htjmtj phrh h bhphbadhdj dj b`rrjmtj.
Eakurh 25 - Bhrrjkhd`r phrh nhtjrahs, á ulh n`h `pëâ` phrh qujl mjbjssath ushr luat` ` hphrjof` j mâ` tjl tjlp` phrh bhrrjkhr h nhtjrah cumt` h` hphrjof`. Mjssj bhs` á b`mvjmajmtj tjr lhas dj ulh nhtjrah.
Eakurh 2; - Bhrrjkhd`r phrh us` jl hut`lòvjas hut`lòvjas..
Uhl`s hmhoashr rhpadhljmtj b`l` eumba`mh h e`mtj d` bhrrjkhd`r bhrrjkhd`r.. L`strhl`s h` houm` ` pr`cjt` sukjrad` pjoh jlprjsh Y`wjr Amtjkrhta`ms buc` jsqujlh jstè hnhax`3 Eakurh 26. Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
>4
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
Ehrjl`s ulh hmèoasj phrh quj ` bhrrjkhd`r mâ` sjch ul p`mt` `nsbur` mh lhmutjmëâ` dj bjouohrjs. M`rlholjmtj mâ` ehzjl`s lhmutjmëújs b`rrjtavhs jl e`mtjs dj bhrrjkhd`rjs jl vartudj dh rjohëâ` bust`/njmjeìba`.
Eakurh 26 - E`mtj dj hoaljmthëâ` phrh bhrrjkhd`rjs sukjradh pjo` ehnrabhmtj dj barbuat` amtjkrhd` Y`wjr Amtjkrhta`ms.
Njl, trhth-sj dj ulh e`mtj bfhvjhdh dj hoth vjo`badhdj, tho tjrl` sj hpoabh djvad` h` eht` dj trhnhofhr b`l erjquãmbahs hoths, sj b`lphrhdhs és e`mtjs oamjhrjs quj mjbjssathl dj bfhvj phrh rjvjrtjr 889/>>9. Hs e`mtjs bfhvjhdhs eumba`mhl jl quhoqujr tjmsâ`, m` jxjlpo` p`dj vhrahr dj 6:U h >5:U. B`mtamuhmd` h hmhoashr ` barbuat` pr`p`st`, jl C 8 j C> tjl`s h jmtrhdh dh rjdj joátrabh, quj p`dj vhrahr dj 6:U h >5:U, fè ul rjsast`r b`l h eumëâ` dj eusìvjo dj pr`tjëâ` (mjssj bhs` ` bfhlhl`s dj eusast`r), jl sjkuadh fè ulh e`mtj rjtabhd`rh jl p`mtj e`rlhdh p`r 4 da`d`s 8M499:, djp`as tjl`s ul otr` OB e`rlhd` p`r O 8, O > j B 8. Ojlnrhmd` dj quj B 8 mâ` á p`ohrazhd`, trhth-sj dj ul bhphbat`r dj p`oaástjr. H eumëâ` d` otr` OB á mâ` pjrlatar quj h hoth erjquãmbah, m` bhs` 82>gFz kjrhdh pjoh e`mtj, bfjkuj é rjdj joátrabh j ‟sucj“h ‟sucj“h ljslh, b`l` thlnál alpjdar quj ruìd`s dh rjdj joátrabh amtjrrhl m` eumba`mhljmt` dh e`mtj. Djp`as tjl`s ul bhphbat`r mâ` p`ohrazhd` dj 2,2 Labr`ehrhdhy j j cumthljmtj b`l `s da`d`s D 8 h D4 b`mvjrtjl h tjmsâ` hotjrmhdh dh t`lhdh jl tjmsâ` b`mtìmuh. @ houm` djvj jvathr b`mtht`s mjssh rjkaâ` djvad` h hoth tjmsâ` prjsjmtj,, phrh tjrl`s ulh adjah, jl 8>;Uje tjrjl`s m` bhphbat`r B > jl t`rm` dj 8;1UDB7 jl >>9Uje prjsjmtj h tjmsâ` sunarè phrh 289UDB, quj p`djrè sjr ehtho bhs` `b`rrh ul b`mtht` hbadjmtho. Thlnál Thlnál ` houm` mâ` djvjrè djsbhrrjkhr ` bhphbat`r B > pr`v`bhmd` burt` barbuat`s jmtrj `s tjrlamhas, quj p`djrè dhmabhr ` bhphbat`r j ` barbuat` amtjkrhd`, amtjkrhd`, hoál dj sjr jxtrjlhljmtj pjrak`s` h ehkuofh. e hkuofh. Bhs` prjbasj, usj ul rjsast`r dj 899g 8[, oakhd` h duhs khrrhs chbhrá, j b`o`quj jl phrhojo` b`l ` bhphbat`r phrh djsbhrrjkè-o` b`l sjkurhmëh, kurh 21. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
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Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
Eakurh 21 - Djsbhrrjkhmd` ul bhphbat`r bhrrjkhd` b`l tjmsâ` dj 8;:U b`mtìmu`, sj oakhd` jl t`lhdh 8>;U `u b`l 289U b`mtìmu` sj oakhd` oa khd` jl t`lhdh >>9U.
@ rjsast`r jstè oakhd` jmtrj hs p`mths prjth j vjrljofh j, mjstj bhs`, mjl sjqujr s`oth ehkuofh. ehk uofh. @ b`rhëâ` dh e`mtj á ` barbuat` amtjkrhd`, buc` ` dahkrhlh amtjrm` d` ljsl` sjrè l`strhd` h sjkuar3 Eakurh 49.
Eakurh 49 - Dahkrhlh dj no`b`s amtjrm` d` barbuat` amtjkrhd` OMG25>Y.
M`tj quj tjl`s barbuat` b`mthd`r, ap-`p ^R, hlpoabhd`rjs trhmsast`r Ejt p`rths oòkabhs. Jl kjrho jstj barbuat` á luat` r`nust`, quhsj mâ` tjl djejat`s, durhl luat`s hm`s. Fè thlnál ` barbuat` hb`pohd`r Z> quj lhmtál h tjmsâ` dj shìdh b`l :UDB jl eumëâ` d` b`msul` jl Hlpærj, m`tj quj quhmd` sj oakh ` bhrrjkhd`r b`l h nhtjrah erhbh ` ljsl` hqujbj j, mh ljdadh quj vha bhrrjkhmd`, ` b`msul` vha dalamuamd` j ` hqujbaljmt` mdh. @ trhmse`rlhd`r T8 mâ` tjl bfhphs b`l` m`s trhmse`rlhd`rjs b`lums, vast` quj trhnhofh b`l erjquãmbah hbalh d`s 899gFz, ush móboj` dj ejrratj. D: j B4 e`rlhl ulh e`mtj dj ljah `mdh, lhs dj jxbjojmtjj quhoadhdj p`r `pjrhr jl hoth erjquãmbah. U^8, ^> j ^2 rjkuohl h tjmsâ` d` da`d` ojd dj jxbjojmt amerhvjrljof` djmtr` d` `pt` hb`pohd`r, tho barbuat` b`mtr`oh h b`rrjmtj j h tjmsâ` dj shìdh, kurh 48. Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
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Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
Eakurh 48 - Hspjbt` d` `pt`hb`pohd`r ushd` mh e`mtj d` bhrrjkhd`r dh nhtjrah.
Yjrbjnh quj djmtr` d` `pt` hb`pohd`r fè ul ojd j ul trhmsast`r sjl h nhsj, p`as, njl rjsuladhljmtj ehohmd`, ehohmd`, quhmd` ` ojd hbjmdj h ouz amerhvjrljofh, sjrè h ‟nhsj“ ‟nhsj“ djssj djssj trhmsast`r quj ehrè b`l quj ` ljsl` b`mduzh. Alp`rthmtj A lp`rthmtj rjsshothr quj jmtrj ` ojd j ` trhmsast`r mâ` jxastj oakhëâ` joátrabh, hln`s jstâ` sjphrhd`s sabhljmtj j oakhd`s s`ljmtj p`r ul ehbf` dj ouz, djssh lhmjarh sj khrhmtj ulh pjrejath as`ohëâ` jmtrj ` sjbumdèra` dh e`mtj (nhaxh tjmsâ`) j ` pralèra` (hoth tjmsâ`). Jmtrj ` ojd j ` trhmsast`r fè ulh as`ohëâ` dj :gU7 mh ljslh lhmjarh ` bhphbat`r BQ8 tjl ulh as`ohëâ` dj >:9U quj djvj sjr dj bjrîlabh phrh ljof`r pr`tjëâ` b`mtrh bf`qujs joátrab`s. M`tj quj ` rasb` dj bf`quj joátrab` á phssìvjo dj `b`rrjr sj f`uvjr eukhs eu khs jmtrj pralèra` j sjbumdèra` d` trhmse`rlhd`r T8, eukhs jmtrj hs pohbhs bhrrjkhd`rjs d` bhphbat`r BQ8, `u m` `pt` hb`pohd`r Z>. Djvad` h thas p`ssanaoadhdjs, rjl`ths lhs phssìvjas dj `b`rrjr, `b`rrjr, á quj sj djvj ushr sjlprj bhrrjkhd`rjs b`l bhphbadhdj hdjquhdh j pr`cjthd` pjoh jlprjsh ehnrabhmtj d` hphrjof`, jvatj ushr bhrrjkhd`rjs dj pr`bjdãmbah duvad`sh j dj bust` luat` pjqujm`. Eamholjmtj, phrh b`mbouar ` tjlh, bhrrjkhd`rjs, jl C2 j C4 tjl`s h tjmsâ` b`mtìmuh quj sha j sj djstamh h bhrrjkhr ` hphrjof` dj bjouohr. U`othmd` h` BA LT5>:2 tjl`s ul b`lhmd` (HZVHDB), quj bfhlhl`s dj ‟ nus“ phrh ame`rlhr bjrths eumëújs quj jstâ` `pjrhmd`. Jl kjrho ( nus) b`msth dj ulh vah b`l 8 nytj (6 nats), > nytjs `u lhas. Jssjs nytjs p`djl sjr dj ul nus dj dhd`s, dj b`mtr`oj `u dj jmdjrjëhljmt` dj ljlòrah, m` m`ss` bhs` trhth-sj dj b`mtr`oj. H umadhdj HDB huxaoahr á ushdh phrh l`mat`rhr ` sthtus dh nhtjrah j d` bhrrjkhd`r, phrh adjmtaeabhr pjraeárab`s b`mjbthd`s j phrh quj rjhoazj ljdaëújs b`l` dj tjlpjrhturh o`bho `u `utrhs hpoabhëújs, h k`st` d` usuèra` j djsdj quj pr`krhlhd`s p`r ul hpoabhtav` vah pr`krhlh (s`etwhrj). Mjstj BA tjl`s sjas bhmhas dj jmtrhdh quj pjrlatjl davjrshs hpoabhëújs mjstj hphrjof` dj bjouohr bjouohr.. Rjkuamd`, tjl`s `s ul nus dj dhd`s NY j HYB quj b`mjbthl b`l YH j R[ quj sâ` barbuat`s dj [A-EA j j ` Noujt``tf quj rjbjnjl, jmvahl ame`rlhëújs hoál dj ame`rlhr b`mtr`ojs, b`l` sjmfhs, tjlp` dj us` jtb. Jxtjrmhljmtj, m`tj quj fè `s no`b`s TV, ^V j RV. j quj, jl RV fè ul brastho `mdj tjl`s ul `sbaohd`r h brastho b`l luath jsthnaoadhdj, j sju samho kjrhd` sjrvarè phrh amóljrhs eumëújs m` pr`bjsshd`r. O`k` djp`as tjl`s ` daspohy dj brastho oìquad` OBD j ljlòrahs, oakhd`s h ul ‟nus“ dj m`vj nats phrhojo`s `mdj jstè b`mjbthd` ` daspohy j h ljlòrah MHMDEOHRF ushd` jxbousavhljmtj phrh ` daspohy . @ brastho oìquad` á ul b`lp`mjmtj jl quj hb`mtjbjl luat`s djejat`s, jl kjrho dhm` p`r qujnrh dh tjoh, quj hejth ` daspohy djvad` é qujdh d` bjouohr. @ daspohy á jxtrjlhljmtj erèkao, sjmsìvjo h qujdhs j bf`qujs dj `ncjt`s quj p`djl mâ` sò qujnrè-o`, b`l`, thlnál, vhzhr ` brastho oìquad`, quj sj bhar m` barbuat` alprjss` p`dj dhmabhr arrjljdahvjoljmtj h pohbh. ZRN>B DJUABJ, sjkuamd` tjl`s h `pëâ` dj b`o`bhr ulh sjkumdh shìdh labr` ZRN, quj jl kjrho mâ` sj utaoazh, lhs ` ehnrabhmtj d` BA djaxh b`l` `pëâ`. O`k` h` ohd` vjl`s h JVTJ^MHO LJL@^Q LJL@ ^Q AMTJ^EHBJ AMTJ^EHBJ (Amtjrehbj dj Ljlòrah Jxtjrmh) quj á `mdj sj amsjrj ` bhrtâ` RD (ljlòrah jxtjrmh). Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
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Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
Eakurh 4> - Bhrtâ` dj ljlòrah RD.
B`mtamuhmd` m`ssh hmèoasj vjl`s ` Djnukkjr (djpurhd`r jl p`rtukuãs) oakhd` h` CTHK, quj á ul no`b` buch eumëâ` á hmhoashr sj `s hpoabhtav`s (pr`krhlhs) jstâ` eumba`mhmd`, bhs` b`mtrèra` arè pr`burhr ul cjat` dj rjbupjrè-o` j b`o`bè-o` jl eumba`mhljmt`, bhs` fhch ul trhvhljmt` j ‟nuks“ (tjoh pasbhr hojht`rahljmtj) quj hb`mtjbjl m`s hphrjof`s dj bjouohr. Jl kjrho `s ehnrabhmtjs dj bjouohrjs ehzjl htuhoazhëújs d` s`etwhrj (pr`krhlh prambapho) bfhlhd` dj Earlwhrj vashmd` b`rrakar thas amb`mvjmajm amb`mvjmajmtjs. tjs. Tjl`s ` RYJJBF AMYZT j ` RYJJBF @ZTYZT (spjjbf jl p`rtukuãs á dasburshr) quj sjrvjl phrh ` vavh v`z, mh vjrdhdj ` spjjbf amput á á ` labr`e`mj, quj jl tjoje`mah xh jrh bfhlhd` dj bèpsuoh trhmslass`rh, j ` hot`ehohmtj, bfhlhd` hmtjra`rljmtj dj bèpsuoh rjbjpt`rh. M`s hphrjof`s lhas hmtak`s ` labr`e`mj jrh d` tap` jojtrjt`, quj sjrè hprjsjmthd` h` houm` m` b`ljë` d` burs`. F`cj ` labr`e`mj cè p`ssua ` b`mvjrs`r dakatho hmhoòkab` amb`rp`rhd`, vjch hnhax` mh kurh 42 H, cè mh kurh 42 N tjl`s ul labr`e`mj hmhoòkab`.
Eakurh 42 H - Labr`e`mj dakatho, cè p`ssua ul b`mvjrs`r hmhoòkab`/dakathoo amb`rp`rhd` hmhoòkab`/dakath amb`rp`rhd`..
Eakurh 42 N - Labr`e`mj dj jojtrjt` hmhoòkab`.
Ojlnrhl`s ` houm` dj quj ` labr`e`mj á ul b`lp`mjmtj quj b`stulh dhr hvhrahs j ehzjr h sunstatuaëâ`. @utr`ssal hojrthl`s quj, quhmd` prjbashr b`o`bhr h pohbh mh bunh dj uotrhss`l phrh djs`xadhr,, bhs` ` hphrjof` tjmfh bhìd` mh èkuh, bunrh h hnjrturh d` labr`e`mj b`l th Ghpt`m. djs`xadhr
Eakurh 44 - Bunh dj uotrhss`l phrh rjtarhr uladhdj. Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
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Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
@ spjjbf `utput á ` hot`ehohmtj b`l alpjdîmbah dj 6 ℥, mh kurh 4: H vjl`s h phrtj supjra`r, mh kurh 4: N h p`rth amejra`r `mdj bhl `s d`as b`mtht`s j mh kurh 4: B b`l `s phrh b`mjxâ`.
H
N
Eakurh 4: B - @utr` jxjlpo` dj hot`ehohmtj.
Eakurh 4: - Jxjlpo`s dj hot`ehohmtjs, `u bhpsuohs rjbjpt`rhs, b`l` sj dazah hmtakhljmtj.
O`k` hnhax` tjl`s hs jmtrhdhs d` rèda` EL (EL RTJ^J@ ^HDA@ AMYZT ) quj vjl dj ul `utr` barbuat` amtjkrhd`, quj ehz h rjbjpëâ`, p`rál b`mtr`ohd` pjo` labr`pr`bjsshd`r phrh ehzjr hs vhrrjdurhs j samt`mazhr hs jsthëújs j ame`rlhr ljmshkjl burths, b`l` ` m`lj dh jlass`rh, m`lj d` pr`krhlh, m`lj dh lósabh jtb, djsdj quj h jlass`rh tjmfh trhmslassâ` ^DR (^hda` Dhth Rystjl). Ojlnrhl`s hpjmhs quj ` rèda` EL prjsjmtj m`s bjouohrjs e`rhl djsjmv`ovad`s phrh eumba`mhr jl quhoqujr phrtj d` lumd`, vast` quj h erjquãmbah dj 66LFz h 896LFz quj ushl`s m` Nrhsao j krhmdj phrtj d` lumd` mâ` á h ljslh jl hokums phìsjs b`l` h ^óssah j ` Chpâ`. B`mtamuhmd`, tjl`s hs shìdhs d` e`mj dj `uvad` (FA EA @ZTYZT ), ), quj tãl alpjdîmbah dj 2>℥j, mh vjrdhdj,, mâ` sj trhth hpjmhs dj shìdh. Jl luat` hphrjof`s htuholjmtj h t`lhdh phdrâ` Y> thlnál vjrdhdj sjrvj phrh jmtrhdh dj labr`e`mj j phushr lósabhs mh bfhvj amb`rp`rhdh.
Eakurh 45 - Youk Y> us` b`lul jl e`mjs dj `uvad`.
M` no`b` HOJ^TJ^, hojrth jl p`rtukuãs, p`r tukuãs, á `mdj shjl samhas b`l erjquãmbahs j t`ms phrh sjrvar dj hmalhëâ` d` djspjrthd`r, t`qujs dj bfhlhdh dj oakhëâ` jtb. @ no`b` Y[L (Yuosj [adtf L`duohta`m, l`duohëâ` p`r ohrkurh dj puos`) sjrvj phrh hoaljmthr ` l`t`r d` vanrhd`r quj ehz ‟trjljr“ ` hphrjof` phrh ` usuèra` tjr baãmbah d` rjbjnaljmt` dj ulh oakhëâ`, dj ulh ljmshkjl `u dj ul jlhao sjl djspjrthr htjmëâ` dj `utrjl. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
>1
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
Mhs kurhs 4; H j N vjl`s ` l`t`r ushd` b`l` vanrhd`r, vanrhd`r, `u vanrhbhoo b`l` á b`luljmtj bfhlhd`.
Eakurh 4; N - @utr` jxjlpo` dj l`t`r d` vanrhbhoo. Eakurh 4; H - Jxjlpo` dj l`t`r d` vanrhbhoo .
Eamholjmtj tjl`s h shìdh >R, quj á ulh shìdh dj èuda` dakatho phrh sjkuar h ul b`mvjrs`r dakatho/ dakatho/ hmhoòkab` (HZDAB DHB) b`l` `pëâ` dj sj ushr, bhs` sj mjbjssatj, ulh shìdh dakatho dj èuda` d` bjouohr,, quj vah dj rjkrh mâ` sj utaoazh. bjouohr Djsdj lhmjarh jmbjrrhl`s jssj nrjvj b`ljmtèra` s`nrj ul barbuat` amtjkrhd` htuhmd` b`l` labr`pr`bjsshd`r labr`pr`bjssh d`r jl ul hphrjof` dj bjouohr. Hpòs jssj jstud` d`s no`b`s dj ul labr`pr`bjsshd`r utaoazhd` mul hphrjof` bjouohr phsshl`s h vjr h pohbh dj ul bjouohr Rhlsumk L`djo` K T-J>>>9 b`l sjus barbuat`s amtjkrhd`s Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
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Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
j pjraeárab`s (b`mjbt`r dh nhtjrah, b`mjbt`r labr`ZRN, pouk Y> jtb) prambaphas, eakurhs dj 46 H é 46 E
Eakurh 46 H - Tjbohd`.
Eakurh 46 N - Tjbohd` vast` mh pohbh amtjarh.
Eakurh 46 B - Barbuat`s amtjkrhd`s j pjraeárab`s. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
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Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
Eakurh 46 J - Yohbh b`l noamdhkjl jstr`jstètabh phrh jvathr amtjrejrãmbahs.
Eakurh 46 D - Uasth t`tho dh pohbh.
Eakurh 46 E - B`mjbt`rjs Y>, d` bhrtâ` RAL j RD, labr` ZRN j l`t`r d` vanrhbhoo .
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
2>
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
Uah dj rjkrh hb`mtjbjl luat`s pr`nojlhs m` pouk Y>, b`mjbt`r d` labr` ZRN djvad` h` lhu us` p`r phrtj d` pr`prajtèra`. Bhn`s ZRN j e`mjs dj `uvad` dj pr`bjdãmbah duvad`sh `bhsa`mhl pr`nojlhs mhs t`lhdhs djsbraths hbalh7 tjbohs b`stulhl dhr pr`nojlhs b`l erjquãmbah djvad` h` us`, prambapholjmtj hs tjbohs lhas ushdhs b`l` h dj fhnaoathr h oakhëâ` tjojeômabh, huljmthr j dalamuar ` v`oulj. Ojlnrhl`s h` houm` quj sj ulh dhs tjbohs bhr jl burt` barbuat` b`stulh ojvhr ` pr`ssa`mho h djduzar quj ` pr`nojlh á krhvìssal` j sjl s`ouëâ`, p`as tud` ojvh h brjr quj sjch ` labr`pr`bjsshd`r, labr`pr`bjssh d`r, lhs mâ` á. Djvad` h` eht` dj ulh dhs tjbohs jsthr jl burt` ` pr`krhlh prambapho d` labr`pr`bjsshd`r trhvh j joj p`dj djsoakhr j oakhr rjpjtadhljmtj, `u oakhr j mhdh hb`mtjbjr. Jml sâ` vèra`s `s trhmst`rm`s quj ulh u lh salpojs tjboh jl burt` p`dj `bhsa`mhr. @ ljsl` rhba`bìma` sj jstjmdj h`s Rlhrtpf`mjs, bhs` ulh dhs p`ubhs tjbohs jmtrj jl burt`.
@pjrhd`rhs dj Bjouohrjs m` Nrhsao @s móljr`s dj bjouohrjs m` Nrhsao b`ljëhl pjo`s 4, :, 5, ; j 1 b`l `at` dìkat`s. Jl luaths rjkaújs sj hbrjsbjmt`u lhas ` móljr` 1 hmtjs d`s hokhrasl`s hbalh, phsshmd` hssal phrh m`vj dìkat`s. H Uav` `pjrh djsdj >992 j á h lha`r `pjrhd`rh dj bjouohrjs m` Nrhsao rjprjsjmthmd` quhsj 29% d` ljrbhd` mhba`mho jl móljr` dj usuèra`s. H lhrbh Uav` surkau djp`as dh eusâ` dj vèrahs `pjrhd`rhs. Tud` Tud` b`ljë`u b`l h pravhtazhëâ` dh Tjojsp mh ljthdj dh dábhdh dj 19. H Uav` utaoazhdh u taoazhdh hs tjbm`o`kahs BDLH (B`dj Davasa`m Luotapoj Hbbjss, `u Hbjss` Lóotapo` p`r Davasâ` dj Bòdak`), KRL (Ko`nho Rystjl e`r L`naoj B`llumabhta`ms , `u Rastjlh Ko`nho phrh B`lumabhëújs Lòvjas), TDLH (Talj Davasa`m Luotapoj Hbbjss, `u Hbjss` Lóotapo` p`r Davasâ` dj Tjlp`.) j FRYH ( Fakf Rpjjd Yhbgjt Hbbjss, `u Yhb`tjs dj Hbjss` jl Hoth Ujo`badhdj).
Eakurh 41 - Uav`.
TAL (Tjojb`l Athoah L`naoj) á ulh jlprjsh sunsadaèrah dh Tjojb`l dh Atèoah, m` Nrhsao jstè djsdj 8116, lhs, s`ljmtj jl >99>, b`ljë`u jejtavhljmtj sjus trhnhof`s, j f`cj b`nrj quhsj t`dhs hs badhdjs nrhsaojarhs. Tjl ul pjro v`othd` és jlprjshs, lhs htjmdj usuèra`s m`rlhas sjl sjr pjss`h curìdabh.
Eakurh :9 - Tal. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
22
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
H `pjrhd`rh Bohr`, jl >982 jrh h tjrbjarh `pjrhd`rh m` Nrhsao, thlnál amb`rp`r`u vèrahs jlprjshs htá bhr b`l jssj m`lj. @pjrh b`l hs tjbm`o`kahs3 TDLH, KRL, KY^R, JDKJ, 2K, ZLTR, FRYDYH FRYDYH J OTJ.
Eakurh :8 - Bohr`.
Fè h @A quj thlnál e`a ulh eusâ` dj vèrahs jlprjshs j, jl >982, jrh h quhrth `pjrhd`rh jl móljr` dj usuèra`s. E`a h praljarh jlprjsh h vjmdjr bjouohrjs djsno`qujhd`s j h djsno`qujhr `s dhs `utrhs jlprjshs b`mb`rrjmtjs b`mb`rrjmtjs..
Eakurh :> - @a.
Eamhoazhmd` tjl`s h Mjxtjo, quj á djdabhd` h` pónoab` dj jlprjshs j tjl sjrvaë`s dj tjoje`mah lòvjo dakatho, j ehz b`mjxújs darjths jmtrj ulh pjss`h dh jquapj b`l `s djlhas.
Eakurh :2 - Mjxtjo. Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
24
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
Bòdak`s prjsjmtjs mh adjmtabhëâ` d` hphrjof` dj bjouohr bjouohr..
Eakurh :4 - Adjmtadabhëâ` d` hphrjof` bjouohr bjouohr..
JRM (Jojbtr`mab Rjraho Mulnjr , Móljr` Jojtrômab` dj Ráraj), á ul móljr` quj á krhvhd` pjo` ehnrabhmtj mh ljlòrah JY^@L j mâ` p`dj sjr rjpr`krhlhd rjpr`krhlhd` ` j ush móljr`s fjxhdjbalho j djbalho.
Eakurh :: - JRM, Rjraho Mulnjr.
LAM, á ` móljr` d` tjoje`mj d` usuèra`, jl luaths badhdjs nrhsaojarhs ushl`s `mzj hokhrasl`s `u dìkat`s (+::P P) (1 P P P P - P P P P). @ móljr` :: sakmabh ` móljr` dj bfhlhdh phrh ` Nrhsao, sjkuad`s dj d`as dìkat`s quj amdabhl h rjkaâ` (88 phrh h krhmdj Râ` Yhuo`, >8 phrh ` krhmdj ^a`, 28 phrh h krhmdj Njo` F`raz`mtj jtb) jl sjkuadh tjl`s ` 1 (mh lha`rah dhs krhmdjs rjkaújs nrhsaojarhs), lhs hamdh tjl`s rjkaújs b`l `at` dìkat`s hpjmhs, `mdj fè ul trhejk` tjojeômab` ljm`r. MHL (Mulnjr Hssakmljmt L`duoj , `u Lòduo` dj Djsakmhëâ` dj Móljr`), trhth-sj dj ulh ljlòrah quj `s tjoje`mjs lòvjas tãl djstamhdh h hrlhzjmhr dhd`s d` hphrjof` j ` móljr`(s) h joj hss`bahd`(s) quj p`ssanaoathl rjkastrhr ` tjoje`mj jl `utrhs rjkaújs, dasp`mìvjo phrh `s hphrjof`s b`l tjbm`o`kah BDLH. ALJA (Amtjrmhta`mho L`naoj Jquapljmt Adjmtaey , Adjmtabhëâ` Amtjrmhba`mho dj Jquaphljmt` Lòvjo) trhth-sj dj ul móljr` b`l quamzj dìkat`s quj á pr`krhlhdh mh eènrabh. Bhdh vjz quj ` hphrjof` á oakhd`, ` bjouohr á b`mejrad` mul nhmb` dj dhd`s mh `pjrhd`rh (bfhlhd` dj JA^ Jquapljmt Adjmtaey ^jkastjr , ^jkastr` dj Adjmtadhdj dj Jquaphljmt`), quj arè oanjrè-o` `u mâ` phrh us`. @ ALJA á daejrjmtj d` JRM, ljsl` p`r quj ul usuèra` p`dj utaoazhr ` ljsl` bhrtâ` RAL jl `utr`s hphrjof`s, luat`s usuèra`s tr`bhl dj hphrjof` j lhmtál ` ljsl` bhrtâ` RAL p`r hm`s, ` sastjlh KRL pjrlatj tho tr`bh, quj hbhnh sjmd` ulh krhmdj vhmthkjl h` usuèra` b`lprhr ul l`djo` lhas m`v` dj hphrjof` lòvjo sjl tjr quj rjb`rrjr h `pjrhd`rh phrh rjhoazhr h rjhnaoathëâ` Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
2:
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
dh oamfh m`vhljmtj. M` jmthmt`, b`l` ` ljsl` bhrtâ` RAL p`dj sjr ushd` jl `utr`s hphrjof`s, á p`ssìvjo ushr jl hphrjof`s dj `rakjl duvad`sh, eurthd`s. Oamfhs htrès dazjl`s quj ` JA^ á ` nhmb` dj dhd`s dh `pjrhd`rh quj arè oanjrhr `u mâ` ` hphrjof` phrh eumba`mhr, t`dhs hs vjzjs quj e`r oakhd`, jmtâ` quhmd` ` bjouohr e`r eurthd` nhsth oakhr phrh `pjrhdh phrh quj ehëh ` no`quja` d` JLJA, quj sj jmb`mtrh krhvhd` mh jlnhohkjl d` hphrjof`. Hb`msjofj sju boajmtj h lhmtjr kuhrdhd` tho móljr` bhs` subjdh hokul alprjvast`. Tho pr`bjdaljmt` pr`bjdaljmt` eumba`mhrah lhrhvaof`shljmtj njl sj mâ` e`ssjl pr`ssa`mhas amjsbrupuo`s`s quj b`msjkujl tr`bhr ` JLJA htrhvás dj s`etwhrjs j hssal rjhoaljmthrjl rjhoaljmthr jl ` bralj dj eurt`s h bjouohrjs.
Mhsbaljmt` d` AYf`mj, Rlhrtpf`mjs Rlhr tpf`mjs j [amd`ws [amd`ws Yf`mj M` eamho d`s hm`s 19 j amìba` d` sábuo` VVA phrh sj `uvar lósabh hmdhmd` pjohs ruhs, pjo`s phrqujs `u m` b`me`rt` dj sju ohr, ohr, sjl pjrturnhr `utrhs pjss`hs, fhvah trãs jquaphljmt`s jquaphljmt`s hpjmhs3 ` [hoglhm, quj rjpr`duzah ths bhssjtj j rèda` HL-EL7 djp`as vja` ` Dasblhm hokums l`djo`s b`l rèda` HL-El HL-El j `utr`s sjl ` rjbjpt`r. rjbjpt`r. Y`stjra`rljmtj Y`stjra`rljmtj ohmë`u ` LD [hoglhm quj p`dah krhvhr, ulh am`vhëâ`, p`as `s hmtjbjss`rjs mâ` trhzahl jstj njmjeìba`, kurhs :5 dj H é B.
Eakurh :5 N - Dasblhm.
Eakurh :5 H - [hoglhm.
Eakurh :5 B - LD [hoglhm. Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
25
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
Hpjshr dj eumba`mhrjl pjrejathljmtj `s hphrjof`s hprjsjmthd`s djpjmdahl dj lìdahs quj prjbashvhl dj l`t`rjs phrh karhr, quj mhturholjmtj bhushvhl djskhstjs j lhu eumba`mhljmt` b`l ` tjlp`, hoál dj sjrjl sjmsìvjas h trjpadhëújs, kurhs :; H é B.
Eakurh :; N - Lìdah b`lphbt dasb.
Eakurh :; H - Eath bhssjtj.
Eakurh :; B - Lìdah dj dasb` utaoazhdh m` LD [hoglhm
Yhrh ljof`rhr h quhoadhdj, mâ` sjr sjmsìvjo h trjpadhëújs j huljmthr ` móljr` dj lósabhs, b`ljëhrhl h surkar m` amìba` d`s hm`s >999 `s t`bhd`rjs dj BD b`l LY2, m`v` phdrâ` dj krhvhëâ` j rjpr`duëâ` dj lósabh quj pjrlatah krhvhr vèrahs b`lp`saëújs lusabhas, mhturholjmtj b`l quhoadhdj ul p`ub` ljm`r é quhoadhdj dhs ths bhssjtj, p`rál sjl ` ruìd` amdjsjchd` quj hs ljslhs hdquarahl hpòs hokulhs phsshdhs. Hoál dass`, sj b`msjkuah pôr jl ul ómab` dasb` dj BD quhsj :99 lósabhs b`l ládah dj 2 lamut`s dj durhëâ`, luat` lhas quj hs >9 lósabhs jl l`d` dj krhvhëâ` m`rlho. Hssal, ` tjlp` dj krhvhëâ` dj ;4 lamut`s phss`u phrh f`rhs m` e`rlht` LY2. Uèrahs Uèrahs jlprjshs ohmëhrhl t`bhd`rjs p`rtètjas dj BD b`l dj LY2, kurh :6.
Eakurh :6 - T`bhd`r p`rtètao dj BD b`l Lp2. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
2;
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
B`l` jssh lósabhs dj BD j LD sâ` p`ssìvjas trhmsejrar-ohs phrh ` b`lputhd`r b`l` dhd`s dakathas mâ` djl`r`u jl surkar `s t`bhd`rjs dj lósabh m` e`rlhd` LY2 b`l sju hrquav` ‟dasb`tjbh, quj sj dè ` m`lj dj pohyoast “ quj p`dj sjr krhvhd` mh ljlòrah d` jquaphljmt`, daejrjmtj dj sj krhvhr mulh lìdah quj mjbjssathssj dj l`t`rjs phrh karhr, Ast` á `s t`bhd`rjs dj LY2 trhzahl suhs lósabhs krhvhdhs jl nhmb`s dj ljlòrah j hssal sj daspjms`u ` us` dj lìdahs krhmdjs j mjbjssathdhs dj l`t`rjs phrh karè-ohs. H quhmtadhdj dj lósabhs hrlhzjmhdhs djpjmdah hpjmhs d` thlhmf` d` nhmb` dj ljlòrah jl nytjs. Xuhsj quj saluothmjhljmtj surkarhl `s LY4 quj rjpr`duzahl hs lósabhs jl LY2 j vìdj`s m` e`rlht` LY4, kurh :1 H j N.
Eakurh :1 H - T`bhd`r dj LY2 b`l hs lósabhs krhvhdhs jl ljlòrah.
Eakurh :1 N - Lp4.
B`mtud` `s jquaphljmt`s mâ` jrhl dj n`h quhoadhdj, tamfhl nhax` bust` jl rjohëâ` h`s Dasblhm j LD [hoglhm, lhs p`ubh bhphbadhdj dj ljlòrah, jl t`rm` d`s :8> LNytjs m` LY2 dh kurh :> hbalh, quj dhvh jl ládah ulhs djz lósabhs dj ul BD. J, ljsl` hssal, mjl sjlprj rjpr`duzahl t`d`s e`rlht`s dhs lósabhs, `u d`s vìdj`s, dj ulh oasth krhvhdh jl ul b`lputhd`r7 j hot` b`msul` dj nhtjrah, e`mjs dj nhaxh quhoadhdj. Jl >998 h Hppoj Amb , jlprjsh m`rtj hljrabhmh dj tjbm`o`kah, ohmë`u ` aY`d 8. Jssh jlprjsh cè jrh ehl`sh pjo`s sjus b`lputhd`rjs r`nust`s, quj mâ` trhvhvhl j dj hoth b`mhnaoadhdj, jrh ` prjejrad` phrh sjrvaë`s pr`ssa`mhas, kurh 59. @ aY`d 8 tamfh h eumëâ` prambapho dj t`bhr lósabhs, lhs sjl `s pr`nojlhs rjohthd`s hbalh j b`l quhoadhdj s`m`rh jxbjojmtj djvad` hvhmë`s quj `s djlhas mâ` tamfhl, b`l` jquhoazhd`r, tjbohd` lhas amtjrhtav` j lha`r bhphbadhdj dj ljlòrah :KN (>998) j 89 KN jl lhrë` dj >99>, daejrjmtjljmtj daejrjmt jljmtj d`s djlhas hphrjof`s t`bhd`rjs dj LY2 dasp`mìvjas m` ljrbhd`.
Eakurh 59 - aY`d. Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
26
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
@ aY`d e`a rjv`ouba`mèra` jl sju ohmëhljmt`, bfjkhmd` h` ljrbhd` hmtjs d` aYf`mj j aYhd. @ aY`d jv`ouau j phss`u h b`mthr b`l `utrhs n`hs `pëújs b`l` pjrlatar ojr oavr`s dakathas, `s j-n``gs, b`mthvh thlnál b`l h `pëâ` dj tarhr e`t`krhhs, pjrlatah hbjss` é amtjrmjt, p`ssuìh hpoabhtav`s, c`k`s. Y`rál, Y`rál, mâ` rjhoazhvh oakhëújs oakhëújs tjojeômabhs, p`rthmt` mâ` mâ` jrh ul tjoje`mj lòvjo. lòvjo. @utrhs vjrsújs e`rhl ohmëhdhs j sj amb`rp`r`u ` t`ubfphd7 j hs tjbohs ljbîmabhs jl hmjo e`rhl sunstatuìdhs p`r t`qujs mh tjoh, sjmsìvjas h` salpojs t`bhr d`s djd`s, kurh 58.
Eakurh 58 - aY`d.
H Hppoj Amb ohmë`u ` aYhd quj, quj, mh vjrdhdj, trhth-sj trhth-sj dj ul thnojt, p`rál b`l fhrdwhrj j s`etwhrj daejrjmtjs dhs djlhas lhrbhs b`l` R`my, Djoo FY jtb. @ aYhd hoál dj p`djr ojr oavr`s jl thlhmf` lha`r,, p`as suh tjoh jrh njl lha`r quj ` aY`d, thlnál tamfh hbjss` h c`k`s jl ulh tjoh lha`r, lha`r lha`r, hbjss` h amtjrmjt sjl ` vah l`djms `u b`l bhrtâ` RAL phrh sj b`mjbthr hs `pjrhd`rhs lòvjas, p`rál joj mâ` ehzah oakhëújs tjojeômabhs pjo` pr`bjss` trhdaba`mho, b`l` `s djlhas dhs `utrhs lhrbhs, jrh mjbjssèra` amsthohr hpoabhtav`s b`l` ` Rgypj, p`r jxjlpo`.
Eakurh 52 - aYhd.
Eakurh 5> - aYhd.
@ praljar` aYhd mâ` p`ssuìh bîljrh, cè suh sjkumdh vjrsâ` khmf`u bîljrh er`mtho j trhsjarh. @ aYhd á, mh vjrdhdj, ul jxbjojmtj thnojt b`l b`l h quhoadhdj Hppoj. Hssal h jlprjsh phsshvh h b`mb`rrjr m` ljrbhd` dj thnojts quj ushvhl h pohthe`rlh [amd`ws. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
21
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
Bfjkhl`s h` aYf`mj. Jl >99; h Hppoj ohmë`u ` aYf`mj b`l >K quj e`a e`a h praljarh kjrhëâ` dh oamfh dj slhrtpf`mjs dh jlprjsh. H Hppoj cè tamfh rjv`ouba`mhd` d`as ljrbhd`s, h dj b`lputhd`rjs b`l ` Lhb j m`tjn``gs (jssj cè mh dábhdh dj 69), ` ljrbhd` dj t`bhd`rjs pjss`has dj lósabhs j vìdj`s b`l ` aY`d. Rò phrh djaxhr bohr`, `s rjburs`s amtr`duzad`s pjoh Hppoj, p`djl`s bathr hokums, b`l`3 - Joh rjtar`u ` tjbohd` eìsab` qwjrty , j hlpoa`u ` t`ubfsbrjjm trhmse`rlhmd`-` jl tjbohd` oatjrholjmtj j mâ` lhas p`mt`s dh tjoh `mdj sj hba`mhvh hokulh eumëâ`, j hdaba`m`u m`v`s rjburs`s j amtjrhtavadhdjs luotathrjehs quj pjrlatjl `uvar lósabh, jmquhmt` sj oã j-lhaos, j -lhaos, `u sj mhvjkh pjoh amtjrmjt, p`r jxjlpo`. - Djsjmv`ovju ` noujt``tf >.9 quj pjrlatj trhmsejrar lósabhs, vìdj`s, d`buljmt`s jmtrj `utr`s hphrjof`s sjl ` us` dj bhn`s, njl b`l` jmvahr h alprjss`rhs, b`lphtìvjas b`l tho rjburs`, phrh quj alpralh. - Thlnál ambouau sjms`rjs phrh ljof`rhr suhs ehbaoadhdjs dj us` j ehbaoathr h vadh dhs pjss`hs. Y`r jxjlpo`, e`a hdaba`mhd` ul sjms`r bfhlhd` dj hbjojrôljtr` quj pjrlatj karhr h tjoh hut`lhtabhljmtj phrh jlphrjofhr h `rajmthëâ` d` dasp`satav`, ast` á, ehzjr h `rajmthëâ` phashkjl/rjtrht` h` karhr ` hphrjof`. @utr` sjms`r bhphz dj pjrbjnjr ` bohr` `u ` jsbur` d` hlnajmtj `mdj sj jmb`mtrh ` hphrjof` j hssal hcusthr hut`lhtabhljmtj ` nraof` dh tjoh. H nóss`oh thlnál e`a amb`rp`rhdh j sj prjsth h vèrahs mjbjssadhdjs d` usuèra` `u dj ul tábmab`, b`l tho hpoabhtav` bh eèbao ehzjr h `rajmthëâ` dhs hmtjmhs phrhnòoabhs, p`r jxjlpo`. - H jlprjsh thlnál b`o`b`u b`o`b`u lhas ulh bîljrh, phrh sj tarhr e`t`s e`t`s dj pjro (sjoj) b`l nhsthmtj djmaëâ`, phsshmd` phrh duhs djohs, pr`bjsshd`rjs b`l vjo`badhdj j quhoadhdj d`s b`lputhd`rjs j us` dj nhmb`s nh mb`s dj ljlòrahs b`l krhmdj bhphbadhdj. - Yhss`u h ushr houlìma` mhs suhs thlphs j mâ` poèstab`s b`l` sj ushvhl htá jmtâ`. - Eax`u h nhtjrah jvathmd` quj ` usuèra` h rjtarj j, hssal, jvathr pr`nojlhs dj lhu eumba`mhljmt` d` sastjlh `pjrhba`mho. Hmtjs h Hppoj cè fhvah brahd` ` aTumjs, quj á ul rjpr`dut`r dj hóda` j vìdj` ejat` phrh rjpr`duzar j `rkhmazhr lósabhs j vìdj`s dakathas. Yhrh sj `ntjr lósabhs d`s hrtastabhs prjejrad`s sj tjl h aTumjs Rt`rj (hmtjra`rljmtj b`mfjbadh b`l` aTumjs Lusab Rt`rj, aTLR“ `u s`ljmtj aTumjs) quj `s usuèra`s p`djl b`lprhr hrquav`s dj lìdah dakatho djmtr` d` pròpra` pr`krhlh. @ aYf`mj tr`uxj b`msak` tud` quj `s tjoje`mjs bjouohrjs tamfhl j ehzahl, b`me`rlj val`s oamfhs htrès. @ aYf`mj tjl t`d`s `s dahkrhlhs dj no`b` njl sjljofhmtjs h` jstudhd` b`l h daejrjmëh jl sju sastjlh `pjrhba`mho, bfhlhd` dj rlwhrj. Y`djl`s b`mbouar quj, ohmëhmd` ` aYf`mj h Hppoj jsthvh hm`s erjmtj dj quhoqujr `utr` tjoje`mj bjouohr dh áp`bh, h p`mt` dj h alprjmsh jspjbahoazhdh b`lphrhr b`l` h lha`r rjv`ou rjv`ouëâ` ëâ` dh ame`rlè ame`rlètabh tabh djsdj h brahëâ` br ahëâ` d` l`usj. l `usj. Zshmd` h pohthe`rlh A@R phrh ‟r`dhr“ sjus pr`krhlhs j amsthohr amsth ohr sjus hpoabhtav`s, quj p`djl sjr hdquarad`s mh o`ch vartuho dh Hppoj Rt`rj, p`djl`s b`mbouar quj h rhaz d` subjss` e`a cumthr trãs hphrjof`s mul sò, ` aY`d, ` aYhd j ` tjoje`mj bjouohr lòvjo. Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
49
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
Jmtâ`, ` htuho aYf`mj mhdh lhas á quj ul jxbjojmtj t`bhd`r dj lósabh j vìdj` (aY`d), ul lhcjst`s` thnojt (aYhd) lhas ul tjoje`mj lòvjo bjouohr amb`rp`rhd`s jl ul sò hphrjof` j b`l sastjlh `pjrhba`mho pròpra` (A@R) djsjmv`ovad` pjoh Hppoj Amb phrh us` d` m`v` jquaphljmt`.
Eakurh 54 - Rastjlh `pjrhba`mho A@R.
Htá quj h Labr`s`et b`ljëhssj h jmtrhr m` ljrbhd` dj tjoje`mj lòvjo j slhrtYf`mjs, jsthvh ul p`ub` thrdj phrh jojs. @s sastjlhs Hmdr`ad j ` A@R cè jsthvhl b`mduzamd` ` ljrbhd`. Jln`rh ` Hmdr`ad j A@R mâ` brahssj mjmful amb`mvjmajmtj m` prambìpa` é Labr`s`et7 ` ljrbhd` dj slhrtYf`mjs brjsbah rhpadhljmtj rhpadhljmtj j sj t`rmhrah ` sastjlh `pjrhba`mho lhas ushd` j vjmdad` p`ub` tjlp` djp`as. B`l h Labr`s`et lhas e`bhdh m` ljrbhd` dj sastjlhs `pjrhba`mhas phrh djsgt`ps, m`tjn``gs, sjrvad`rjs phrh krhmdjs j pjqujmhs jlprjshs j djsjmv`ovaljmt` dj hpoabhtav`s phrh vhrahd`s ms, vjrab`u-sj h jmtrhdh ul p`ub` thrdah dh kakhmtj Labr`s`et B`rp`rhta`m m` ljrbhd` dh tjoje`mah lòvjo. Yhrh ` ljrbhd` lòvjo nhsthvh ehzjr hdhpthëújs m` sastjlh `pjrhba`mho, quj cè jrh ushd` b`l subjss` m`s djsgt`ps, m`tjn``gs j sjrvad`rjs pjo` lumd` he`rh j hssal mhsbju ` Rastjlh @pjrhba`mho Lòvjo vamd` d` [amd`ws ;. Jmtâ`, jl `utunr` dj >989 mhsbju ` [amd`wsYf`mj [amd`wsYf`mj ;. Uèra`s ehnrabhmtjs pusjrhl ` pr`dut` jl oamfh, djsdj quj h Labr`s`et hmumba`u quhsj djz m`vadhdjs dj ohmëhljmt` ohmëhljmt` phrh [amd`wsYf`mj [amd`wsYf`mj ;, ejat` ejat` p`r ehnrabhmtjs b`l` OK, OK, FTB, Rhlsumk, Fuhwja j T`sfanh. @s hthof`s mh tjoh p`djl sjr pjrs`mhoazhd`s j rjhrrhmchd`s pjo` usuèra`. @utrh bhrhbtjrìstabh á h amtjkrhëâ` jmtrj jojs, h oasth dj b`mtht`s d` tjoje`mj j dj jlhaos.
Eakurh 5: - Rastjlh `pjrhba`mho [amd`ws. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
48
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
@utrh ehbaoadhdj á ` sjms`r dj prjsjmëh quj sò dj sj hpr`xalhr d` hphrjof` suh tjoh jxanj h f`rh j quhmtadhdj dj ljmshkjms rjbjnadhs j mâ` htjmdadhs.
Eakurh 55 - Rjms`r dj prjsjmëh.
@ Amtjrmjt Jxpo`rjr L`naoj b`u lhas htrhjmtj jl rjohëâ` h` utaoazhd` m`s djsgt`ps njl b`l` lhas eèbao dj sj mhvjkhr pjoh amtjrmjt. H bhrhbtjrìstabh lhas alp`rthmtj, quj t`d` ` lumd` prjbash `u jspjrh dh Labr`s`et, á ` phb`tj @flbj b`l [`rd, Jxbjo j Y`wjr Y`amt j mjssj p`mt` ` [amd`ws Yf`mj Yf`mj mâ` djshp`mt`u. Hoál dj p`djr shovhr sjus d`buljmt`s mh muvjl, @mj Dravj j ` hpoabhtav` @mj M`tj, quj á pr`krhlh dj b`lputhd`r quj rjb`ofj hm`thëújs d` usuèra`, b`l` djsjmf`s, tjxt`s `u b`ljmtèra`s dj vìdj` `u dj èuda`. Thas Thas m`ths p`djl sjr b`lphrtaofhdhs b`l `utr`s usuèra`s d` @mj M`tj htrhvás dh amtjrmjt `u p`r ulh rjdj b`rp`rhtavh. Jssj pr`krhlh thlnál p`dj sjr amsthohd` jl `utr`s sastjlhs `pjrhba`mhas b`l` Hmdr`ad, A@R j LHB. @ satj pròpra` dj nusbhs, ` Namk, thlnál e`a amb`rp`rhd` j joj pjrlatj o`bhoazhr hrquav`s m` hphrjof` b`l` m` jsphë` banjrmátab` dh amtjrmjt.
Eakurh 5; - Nusbh Namk.
Yhrh mhoazhr jssj nrjvj b`ljmtèra` s`nrj ` [amd`ws Yf`mj, p`djl`s b`mbouar quj jsshs e`rhl hs p`ubhs bhrhbtjrìstabhs m`tèvjas jl rjohëâ` h` aYf`mj j p`stjra`rljmtj h` slhrtYf`mj. Jl >984 h Labr`s`et hdquarau h M`gah B`rp`rhta`m, ulh jlprjsh jlprjsh luotamhba`mho mohmdjsh dj Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
4>
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
tjojb`lumabhëújs, eumdhdh jl 865:, quj p`r hokul tjlp` hamdh b`mtamu`u tjojb`lumabhëújs, b`mtamu`u ushmd` h lhrbh M`gah jl sjus hphrjof`s jquaphd`s b`l ` sastjlh `pjrhba`mho dh Labr`s`et, L abr`s`et, ast` á ` [amd`ws Yf`mj. Alp`rthmtj rjsshothr quj `s rjburs`s quj h Hppoj djsjmv`ovju phrh ` aYf`mj h Labr`s`et thlnál `s ejz, mhturholjmtj jl pohthe`rlh daejrjmtj.
Eakurh 56 - M`gah Oulah, Rastjlh `pjrhba`mho [amd`ws.
H jlprjsh M`gah e`a h ómabh krhmdj ehnrabhmtj dj hphrjof`s dj tjoje`mah lòvjo h `pthr pjo` sastjlh `pjrhba`mho dh Labr`s`et, jln`rh joh tamfh sju pròrpa` sastjlh `pjrhba`mho quj cè utaoazhvh jl sjus hphrjof`s, ` sastjlh Rylnahm, lhs e`a bhmd` djshtuhoazhd` j h phrbjrah e`a ejath b`l h Labr`s`et. Ojlnrhmd` Ojlnrhmd` quj `utrhs jlprjshs b`l` OK, FTB, FTB, Rhlsumk, Fuhwja j T`sfanh ohmëhrhl h` ljm`s ul l`djo` dj [amd`ws Yf`mj ; jmtrj ` mho dj >989 j b`ljë` dj >988, jmtrjthmt`, s`ljmtj h sujbh M`gah `pt`u amtjkrholjmtj m` sastjlh `pjrhba`mho dh Labr`s`et. Hphrjbj ` slhrtYf`mj, `u tjoje`mj amtjoakjmtj. amtjoakjmtj. Rastjlh `pjrhba`mho Hmdr`ad quj e`a ohmëhd` htrès pjoh K``koj jl >996 á ` sastjlh `pjrhba`mho lhas p`puohr phrh hphrjof`s dj tjoje`mah lòvjo m` l`ljmt`. H rhzâ` phrh sju trjljmd` subjss` á quj á ul sastjlh sastjlh `pjrhba`mho hnjrt`. Joj e`a djsjmv`ovad` p`r Hmdr`ad Amb j h K``koj ` b`lpr`u b`lpr`u jl >99:. @ praljar` hphrjof` e`a ` FTB K8, ohmëhd` jl sjtjlnr` dj >996. Lhs h fastòrah d` pr`cjt` á hamdh lhas hmtakh, amaba`u jl >992 quhmd` h Hmdr`ad Amb. e`a eumdhdh e umdhdh b`l `ncjtav` dj djsjmv`ovjr s`etwhrjs. FTB K8 Drjhl ` praljar` slhtYf`mj ohmëhd` jl >996.
Eakurh 51 - Ftb K8. Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
42
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
@ sastjlh `pjrhba`mho Hmdr`ad e`a ohmëhd` durhmtj ` pjrì`d` quhmd` ` sastjlh `pjrhba`mho A@R dh Hppoj jsthvh m` hukj d`s sastjlhs `pjrhba`mhas phrh tjoje`mah lòvjo. Mhturholjmtj, Mhturholjmtj, h prambìpa`, mâ` ejz thmt` subjss`, lhs b`ljë`u h brjsbjr j h jv`ouar krhduholjmtj. @ subjss` d`s tjoje`mjs amtjoakjmtjs (slhrtYf`mjs) e`a jstr`md`s`, p`as h K``koj ljof`r`u j amb`rp`r`u t`d`s `s rjburs`s quj h Hppoj djsjmv`ovju phrh ` aYf`mj. Joh `s rjphss`u és jlprjshs quj ehnrabhvhl hphrjof`s dj tjoje`mah lòvjo, b`l` OK, R`my, Rhlsumk, T`sfanh, jtb7 phrh djsjmv`ovjrjl ul hphrjof` quj b`mb`rrjssj b`l ` aYf`mj j, mhturholjmtj, b`l prjë` lhas hbjssìvjo. Hssal mhsbju ` slhrtYf`mj quj trhzah b`msak` ul t`bhd`r dj lósabhs j vìdj`, hs utaoadhdjs d` thnojt j d` m`tjn``g hkrjkhd`s h` tjoje`mj lòvjo, quj cè jrh subjss` dj vjmdhs j brjsbah sju b`msul` jxp`mjmbaholjmtj m` lumd`. Zlh krhmdj am`vhëâ` á ` tjtfjramk. Tjtfjramk, oatjrholjmtj sakmabh ‟hlhrhmd`“ quj ehz ` sju hphrjof` eumba`mhr b`l` l`djl, ehzjmd` b`l quj joj e`rmjëh hbjss` é amtjrmjt h `utr`s hphrjof`s h` rjd`r. B`l h umaâ` dj trãs hphrjof`s mul sò, salpojsljmtj jxpo`dau hs vjmdhs jl t`d` ` lumd` d`s slhrtpf`mjs, luat` lhas quj `s aYf`mjs. Xuhmd` b`ljmthl`s s`nrj h umaâ` dj trãs hphrjof`s mul sò, mâ` sakmabh quj hs b`ashs jrhl jsthmqujs htá ` hdvjmt` d`s slhrtpf`mjs, mhturholjmtj, fhvahl bjouohrjs b`l lèquamhs e`t`krèbhs j t`bhd`rjs dj lósabhs j jl hokums jrh p`ssìvjo htá sj amsthohr hokums hpoabhtav`s lhas salpojs. @s slhrtpf`mjs sâ` luat` lhas b`lpojt`s quj salpojs tjoje`mjs bjouohrjs, b`l` m` hdvjmt` d` tjoje`mj HLYR mh dábhdh dj m`vjmth. Râ` t`bhd`rjs dj lósabh jl LY2 j `utr`s e`rlht`s, vìdj`s jl vèra`s e`rlht`s, LY4, EOU jtb, amb`rp`rh t`dhs hs eumëújs dj thnojt, m`tjn``g j tjoje`mah bjouohr lòvjo dakatho 2K j 4K. Thlnál krhvhl v`z, vìdj`s jl hoth quhoadhdj, ‟nhtjl“ e`t`s. @s praljar`s hamdh tamfhl tjbohd` ‟z``l“ jl e`t`s `u tjxt`s, qwjrty , f`cj sj ush ` tjbohd` vartuho t`ubfphd , sj p`dj hnrar h tjoh, ehzjr ‟z``l“ b`l ul salpojs l`valjmt` dj d`as djd`s hoál dj sunstatuìrjl amóljr`s jquaphljmt`s dj us` pjss`ho, b`me`rlj cè erashl`s oamfhs htrès. Y`djl`s hearlhr quj joj ehz ` quj ` aYf`mj j ` [amd`wsYf`mj [amd`wsY f`mj ehzjl, sò b`l hokulhs hoku lhs daejrjmëhs sutas jl sju sastjlh `pjrhba`mho, Hmdr`ad, quj á hnjrt`, b`me`rlj cè erashl`s, j `s sastjlhs dh Labr`s`et ([amd`ws 6 `u 89 l`naoj) j dh Hppoj (A@R) quj sâ` dj us` jxbousav` dhs ljslhs. Htuholjmtj, nhmb`s, hkãmbahs dj vahkjl, f`spathas, jlass`rhs dj rèda`, tjojvasâ` jtb7 ehzjl sjus hpoabhtav`s phrh `s trãs tap`s dj pohthe`rlhs Hmdr`ad, A@R j [amd`ws.
Eakurh ;9 - Rastjlh `pjrhba`mho Hmdr`ad. Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
44
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
Rlhrtpf`mjs Y`djl`s djmar slhrt slhrtpf`mj pf`mj b`l` ul tjoje`mj lòvjo amtjoakjmtj `mdj sj hb`pohrhl vèrahs eumëújs h` hphrjof` dj tjoje`mah lòvjo. Mh vjrdhdj, phss`u h sunstatuar vèra`s jquaphljmt`s b`l KYR, Hkjmdh Jojtrômabh, Bhobuohd`rhs7 j b`l h vhmthkjl dj b`mthr b`l vèrahs am`vhëújs p`as, b`l sj trhth dj ul hphrjof` labr`pr`bjsshd`, nhsth pr`krhlè-o` phrh sj djseruthr dj vèrahs utaoadhdjs, b`l` lhphs, t`bhd`r dj lósabhs b`l jquhoazhd`r, bîljrhs dj eaolhkjl jl hoth djeamaëâ`, hpoabhtav`s phrh ms tábmab`s. @s ehnrabhmtjs brahrhl htá ulh o`ch vartuho `mdj sj p`djl jmb`mtrhr vèra`s hpoabhtav`s, hokums phk`s j luat`s krhtuathljmtj. Hssal, jmb`mtrhl`s hs o`chs `moamj b`l` ` K``koj Yohy phrh phrh ` sastjlh `pjrhba`mho Hmdr`ad, phrh ` sastjlh `pjrhba`mho [amd`wsYf`mj tjl`s h o`ch vartuho LR [amd`ws Rt`rj j h Hppoj Hpp Rt`rj phrh ` sastjlh `pjrhba`mho A@R quj sâ` ushd`s m`s AYf`mjs. Jlprjshs, b`l` `s nhmb`s, `ejrjbjl hpoabhtav`s phrh sjus boajmtjs p`djrjl rjhoazhr trhmshëújs sjl ` huxìoa` dj ar é hkãmbah. Hkãmbahs dj turasl` jmvahl phsshkjms dj hvaâ` j mâ` prjbashl sjr alprjss`s, nhsth b`o`bhr h tjoh d` hphrjof` m` ojat`r dh jlprjsh dj hvahëâ`. O`chs dj krhmdjs lhkhzamjs vjmdjl, j ` n`ojt` mjl mjbjssath sjr alprjss`7 nhsth ` pr`bjdaljmt` dj l`strhr h tjoh dj bjouohr m` ejaxj dj ouz d` ojat`r d` nhmb`. B`l jssjs p`ub`s jxjlpo`s cè dè phrh quj ` houm` pjrbjnh h vhmthkjms d` RlhrtYf`mj. @s hpoabhtav`s sâ` djsjmv`ovad`s tjmd` p`r nhsj ` sastjlh `pjrhba`mho d` hphrjof`, m` bhs` tjl`s ` Hmdr`ad phrh `s RlhrtYf`mj, LR [amd`ws phrh `s bjouohrjs [amd`ws [amd`ws Yf`mj j A@R phrh `s dh Hppoj. Hpjmhs phrh rjb`rdhr, rjb`rdhr, ` sastjlh `pjrhba`mho á ` s`etw s`etwhrj hrj prambapho quj ehz b`l quj ` b`lputhd`r eumba`mj, tjl`s ` sastjlh `pjrhba`mho [amd`ws, [amd`ws, quj amaba`u mh dábhdh dj 69 b`l ` LR-D@R j, f`cj jsthl`s mh vjrsâ` [amd`ws [amd`ws 897 thlnál7 fè `s sastjlhs Oamux, Lhbamt`sf jtb. M`tj quj `s RlhrtYf`mj, [amd`wsYf`mj j `s AYf`mj p`ssujl sastjlh `pjrhba`mho, cè `s bjouohrjs b`lums mâ` ` p`ssua, oamfhs htrès dasbutal`s s`nrj ` barbuat` amtjkrhd` LT5>:2 quj á ul labr`pr`bjsshd`r labr`pr`bjssh d`r quj e`a nhsthmtj jlprjkhd` jl hphrjof`s bjouohrjs, m` jmthmt` mâ` fhvah b`l` amsthohr pr`krhlhs (hpoabhtav`s hdaba`mhas quj mâ` vajrhl prjvahljmtj amsthohd`s) jl rhzâ` dj mâ` p`ssuar ul sastjlh `pjrhba`mho. Y`djl`s hrlhr quj ` bjouohr b`lul á ushd` nhsabhljmtj, phrh sj ehzjr oakhëújs, jmvahr RLR, `u t`rpjd`s, thlnál sj p`dj ‟nhtjr“ e`t`s, `uvar rèda` EL, djspjrthd`rjs djspjrthd`rjs j tjbohd` d` tap` qwjrty j `s lhas rjbjmtjs p`ssujl tjbohd` t`ubf.
Eakurh ;8 - Bjouohr b`l tjbohd` qwjrty.
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
4:
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
@utr`s hphrjof`s hamdh p`ssujl lhas rjburs`s b`l` hokums c`kuamf`s amsthohd`s, pjrlatjl olhr (b`l nhaxh rjs`ouëâ`), `u p`ssujl tjoh t`ubfsbrjjm. Mh kurh tjl`s ulh tjoh rjsastavh quj mjbjssath dj ehzjr ul hpjrt` `u ulh ‟bhmjth“, quj mjssj bhs` mâ` prjbash sjr dj lhtjraho b`mdut`r.
Eakurh ;2 - Bhmjth phrh ushr m` t`ubfsbrjjm rjsastav`.
Eakurh ;> - T`ubfsbrjjm rjsastav`.
Cè ` t`ubfsbrjjm bhphbatav` á lhas sjmsìvjo, nhsth t`bhr b`l `s djd`s `u djsoazhr `s ljsl`s. @u ushr ulh ‟bhmjth“ b`l p`mth b`mdut`rh.
Eakurh ;4 - T`ubfsbrjjm bhphbatav`. Eakurh ;: - T`ubfsbrjjm sjmd` ushd` b`l h bhmjth b`mdut`rh.
Luat`s d`s hphrjof`s bjouohrjs b`msjkujl hbjsshr h amtjrmjt7 krhmdj phrtj d`s l`djo`s b`mthl b`l ulh b`mjxâ` njl salpojs, b`l` h KY^R j h JDKJ7 jl hokums l`djo`s p`stjra`rjs h` ohmëhljmt` d` Rlhrtpf`mj cè jrh p`ssìvjo jmb`mtrhr b`l [A-EA amb`rp`rhd`. amb`rp`rhd`. Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
45
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
M` jxjlpo` tjl`s ul bjouohr b`l tjbohd` qwjrty, lhs m`tj quj tjl`s ` satj y`utunj.b y`utunj.b`l `l j rjdj s`baho Ehbjn``g amsthohd`7 amsthohd`7 mhturholjmtj jssj hphrjof` cè daspumfh hbjss` é amtjrmjt.
Eakurh ;5 - Hphrjof` b`l tjbohd` qwjrty.
Eakurh ;; - B`l tjbohd` t`ubfsbrjjm.
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`
Eakurh ;6 - Tjoh dj ul slhrtpf`mj.
4;
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
Burs` dj Lhmutjmëâ` j ^jphr` dj Bjouohr - Hp`staoh Tjoje`mah Bjouohr
46
Amstatut` Zmavjrsho Nrhsaojar`