Design And Fabrication Mini Lathe Machine This thesis is submitted as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Mechanical
1.VAIBHAV SINGH (1305440168) (GROUP LEADER) 2.ARVIND KUMAR (1405440036) 3.BRIJBHUSHAN (1405440048) 4.ASHISH KUMAR KANNAUJIYA (1205440024)
TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATE.............................................. .................................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ..........................ii ....ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ................................ .......... iii
.................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ................................. ........... iv ABSTRACT ............................................ ............................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ........................ .. vii LIST OF FIGURES .........................................
LIST OF TABLES ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .......................vii .vii CHAPTER 1 ............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ................................1-3 ..........1-3 .................................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ..........................1 ....1 INTRODUCTION ............................................
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION A lathe machine is used for rotating a workpiece in order to perform sanding, cutting, drilling, knurling and turning operations on the workpiece. Lathes have been used on woodworking, metal parts and also on plastic nylon parts for a long time in the industry. So here we study the design and fabrication of a mini lathe machine. Our machine consists of a motor with belt arrangement used to drive the lathe chuck. The machine consists of a bed with a movable arrangement. It consists of a holder in order to hold the desired tool in desired position. We use a chuck attached to the spindle shaft in order to run the motor. Our motor once powered transmits this power to the spindle through a belt mechanism, which is then used to rotate the chuck. This rotates the workpeice in chuck. The machine is built to hold and rotate the workpeice and move the tool in a sliding mechanism, so as to achieve the desired operations. The machine outer frame is designed to hold the workpeice firmly with tool in place so as to achieve a chieve desired operations with ease. Thus we successfully study the design and fabrication.
Parts of Mini Lathe Machine 1.Motor is DC motor is
any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor . DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can motor can operate on direct current but is a lightweight motor used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC motors are used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC with AC motors possible in many applications
High Torque Voltage Current : DC 12V Speed: 4000RPM Motor Shaft Diameter: 3.17mm Mounting Diameter of the Motor: 36mm Length of the Motor (Body): 50mm Length of Shaft: 16mm
2.chuck A chuck is a specialized type of clamp. It is used to hold an object with radial symmetry, especially a cylinder. In drills and mills it holds the rotating tool whereas in lathes it holds the rotating workpiece. On a lathe the chuck is mounted on the spindle which rotates within the headstock. For some purposes (such as drilling) an additional chuck may be mounted on the nonrotating tailstock.
Many chucks have jaws, (sometimes called dogs) that are arranged in a radially symmetrical pattern like the points of a star. The jaws are tightened up to hold the tool or workpiece. Often the jaws will be tightened or loosened with the
help of a chuck key, which is a wrench-like tool made for the purpose.[1]Many jawed chucks, however, are of the keyless variety, and their tightening and loosening is by hand force alone. Keyless designs offer the convenience of quicker and easier chucking and unchucking, but have lower gripping force to hold the tool or workpiece, which is potentially more of a problem with cylindrical than hexagonal shanks. Collet chucks, rather than having jaws, have collets, which are flexible collars coll ars or sleeves that fit closely around the tool or workpiece and grip it when squeezed.
3.Sliding Frame The sliding frame is an elliptical welding construction made from solid steel and specially developed as a silo discharge system for very difficult flowing bulk material . Through the back and forth movement of the sliding frame, the stored product is compulsively transported to one or more discharge screw conveyors. The sliding frame is moved back and forth by means of a hydraulic cylinder mounted outside the silo. The cylinder movement is activated by means of a compact hydraulic unit.
Applications Thickened sewage sludge, wood , paper sludge, sl udge, gypsum, waste, etc.
4.Bearing A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and reduces friction between moving parts. The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts. Most bearings facilitate the desired motion by minimizing friction. Bearings are
classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts.
Rotary bearings hold rotating components such as shafts or axles within mechanical systems, and transfer axial and radial loads from the source of the load to the structure supporting it. The simplest form of bearing, the plain bearing, consists of a shaft rotating in a hole. Lubrication is often o ften used to reduce friction. In the ball bearing and roller bearing, to prevent sliding friction, rolling elements such as rollers or balls with a circular cross-section are located between the races or journals of the bearing assembly. A wide variety of bearing designs exists to allow the demands of the application to be correctly met for maximum efficiency, reliability, durability durabil ity and performance.
5.Jaint/Screw
A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used in conjunction with a mating bolt to fasten multiple parts together. The two partners are kept together by a combination of their threads' friction (with slight elastic deformation), a slight stretching of the bolt, and compression of the parts to be held together.
In applications where vibration or rotation may work a nut loose, various locking mechanisms may be employed: lock washers, jam nuts, specialist adhesive thread-locking
fluid such
as Loctite,
safety
pins
(split
pins)
or lockwire in conjunction with castellated nuts, nylon inserts (nyloc nut), or slightly oval-shaped threads.
Square nuts, as well as bolt heads, were the first shape made and used to be the most common largely because they were much easier to manufacture, especially by hand. While rare today due to the reasons stated below for the preference of hexagonal nuts, they are occasionally used in some situations when a maximum amount of torque and grip is needed for a given size: the greater length of each side allows a spanner to be applied with a larger surface area and more leverage at the nut.
6.Lathe Cutting Tool A tool bit is a non-rotary cutting tool used in metal lathes, shapers, and planers. Such cutters are also often referred to by the set-phrase name of single-point cutting tool, as distinguished from other cutting tools such as a saw or water jet cutter. The cutting edge is ground to suit a particular machining operation and may be resharpened or reshaped as needed. The ground tool bit is held rigidly by a tool holder while it is cutting.
CHAPTER 2 HISTORY Lathe is a very ancient tool and its first use dates back to 1300 BC in Egypt. Lathe was also known and used in Assyria and Greece. Ancient Romans came to know about this machine and they further developed this machine. During the medieval period, the use of this machine had spread to most parts of Europe and it was during the Industrial revolution when this machine gained popularity with its use in all the industries. After the development of electronics, automated lathes have been developed.
Evolution of Lathe The first lathe was a simple lathe which was is now referred to as two person lathe. One person would turn the wood work piece using rope and the other person would shape the work piece using a sharp tool. This design was improved by Ancient Romans who added a turning bow which eased the wood work. Later a pedal (as in manual sewing machines) was used for rotating the work piece. This type of lathe is cal led “spring pole” lathe which was used till the early decades of the 20th century. In 1772, a horse-powered boring machine was installed which was used for making canons. During the Industrial revolution, steam engines and water wheels were attached to the lathe to turn the work piece at higher speed which made the work faster and easier. After 1950, many new designs were made which improved the precision of work.
Imported lathe – Imported lathes are high quality lathes used for high precision operations.
Depending upon the modes of operation, the lathes can be classified as Manual lathe – In these lathes, the tool handling is done manually and
so the precision of work also depends upon the skill of the person handling the machine.
CNC Lathe – CNC lathes are completely automated lathes. We just have to feed the instructions into the computer and the lathe will perform the operations according to the data fed to the computer.
Benefits of Advanced Lathe With the development of electronics and automation engineering, advanced computer controlled lathes have been developed. The advanced lathes have many benefits over the conventional lathes. In conventional lathes, the lathe operator checks the dimensions regularly to get perfect precision and the time taken to complete the work is more for high precision works. This is very important because if he removes excess metal from the work piece, the whole work piece will be a waste which will result in loss of money and time. In automated CNC lathes, the feedback system continuously monitors the dimensions and so they complete the operation in a short time with high accuracy. The loss is minimal in automated lathes; they are much faster and more efficient in terms of accuracy.
Summary Lathe is a very important machine in engineering which is used in most of the fields. They are used for Diamond turning, ornamental turning, metal spinning, glass working, thermal spraying and many other operations. Lathe work is found in most of the products which we use in our day to day life. Lathe will remain as an important machine at all times.
CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW Machine Tool Catalogues, Sales & Technical Specification Literature . This page is research paper topics technology development catalogues only - for Technical Manuals and I've lived with this lathe for about 24 hours now and so far I think it is a great lathe. Packaging was good. The lathe comes mostly assembled, packed in styrofoam Samizdat was a key form of dissident activity across the Soviet bloc in which individuals reproduced censored and FEATURES: Tapered Roller Bearing Headstock; Hardened and Ground Bedways; Cast Iron Bed; Thread Cutting Gearbox; Tee Slotted Cross Slide; Double 'Vee' Bedways Swansoft CNC Simulator is real-time 3D CNC machine system simulation and advanced G-code verification software. It allows the user to simulate all the CNC machine Centre Height 90mm Swing over Bed 180mm Swing over Crosslide 100mm Distance between Centres 350mm Width of V Bed 83mm Longitudinal Travel 35mm Elliott essay on linear motion supplies quality CNC Milling Machines, Lathe Tools, Wire EDM machines, Press Brake machines, CNC Lathe machines, etc for the Canadian metal cutting industry i ndustry Welcome to CALCULATOR EDGE, an online FREE Engineering Calculators for Engineers and Students worldwide Virginia Career . All Rights Reserved. The International Meter and Inch Over the years the international meter has been defined in different ways. Currently the meter equals business plan outline for high
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CHAPTER 4 WORKING PRINCIPLE The lathe is a machine tool which holds the workpiece between two rigid and strong supports called centers or in a chuck or face plate which revolves. The cutting tool is rigidly held and supported in a tool post which is fed against the revolving work. The normal cutting operations are performed with the cutting tool fed either parallel or at right angles to the axis of the work.
LATHE OPERATIONS The engine lathe is an accurate and versatile machine on which many operations can be performed. These operations are: 1. Plain Turning and Step Turning 2. Facing 3. Parting 4. Drilling 5. Reaming 6. Boring 7. Knurling 8. Grooving 9. Threading 10. Forming 11. Chamfering 12. Filling and Polishing 13. Taper Turning
CERTIFICATE This
is
to
certify
(1405440036),
that
Vaibhav
Brijbhushan
Singh
(1305440168),
(1405440048),
Arvind
Ashish
Kumar Kumar
Kannoujiya(1205440024), Kishan Kumar (1405440072), of Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow have carried out the project work presented in thisreport entitled “Mini Lathe Machine” for the award of Bachelor of Technology from Dr. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow under our supervision is a record of work and sincere effort carried out by them.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We deeply wish to express our heartfelt gratefulness and grattitute to the following people who guided and supported us in every step of my work. It is our pleasure to offer my sincerest gratitude to my guide Mr. Pankaj
Verma Asst. Professer, Dept. of Mechanical Enginering, BBDNITM, Lucknow, who has guided and supported us through out the project with his patience and knowledge. His guidance serenity, comitement, strictness and supported helped us to complete this work. We would like to express our heartiest gratitude to Prof . S.P. Asthana , Head of Mechanical Engineering Depatment, BBDNITM, Lucknow, for his unconditional support and permission to use the departmental labs. We are thankful to the faculty members who have been the part of our seminar and presentations, for their valuable observation and guidance. We take this opportunity to extend our regards to the lab instructors who helped us whith their skills and hard work during our project. We are also grateful to respected professor Dr. Sudharma Singh , Director, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology, Lucknow, for providing us a great academic invironment where we can transform our self as asset of the nation. Finally, we would like to thank my parents for their blessing and care.
Vaibhav Singh (1305440168)
Arvind Kumar (1405440036)
Ashish Kumar Kannoujiya (1205440024)
Kishan Kumar (1405440072)
Brijbhushan (1405440048)
CHAPTER 7 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE 7.1: Advantages
.
