Design of pressure vessels under ASME Section VIII

EALHN[CFKFIFHP=

Gdrqp ng ecc poehlq pn Ecceo Ecidkopt {on oeq kvd`f` vq eh` ie`f `dggdavcp podhk feqdfr gnr vq pornvkonvp nvr zrnmfap eh` qfanh`ct pn nvr rfqzfapf` pfeaofrq eh` `fer zerfhpq gnr pofdr ofcz eh` zretfrq‧

IEDH ANHPFHPQ AOEZPFR HN 5= dhprn`vapdnh pn zrfqqvrf wfqqfcq 5(5 DHPRN@VAPDNH( 5(2 PTZFQ NG WFQQFCQ( 5(1 QPRFQQFQ DH ZRFQQVRF WFQQFCQ( 5(0 ZRFQQVRF WFQQFC QEGFPT 5(6 WFQQFCQ DH RFGRDKREPDNH QTQPFI 5(7 GEAPNR NG QEGFPT 5(; QPRFQQ EHECTQDQ( 5(? QPRFQQ.GEDCVRF POFNRDFQ( 5(4 GEDCVRFQ DH ZRFQQVRF WFQQFCQ( 5(5: CNE@DHKQ( 5(55 EQIF QFAPDNH WDDD @DWDQDNH 5 5(52 PTZFQ EH@ ACEQQFQ NG QPRFQQ( 5(51 @FGDHDPDNHQ( 5(50 [FDKOPQ NG ZRFQQVRF WFQQFC ANIZNHFHPQ 5(56 @FQDKH ZRDHADZCFQ( AOEZPFR HN 2= qprfqqfq eh` pofdr fggfapq

2(5 QPRFQQ 2(2 PTZFQ NG QPRFQQFQ 2(1 PFHQNR 2(1 /e$ @VEC QZEAF 2(1 /b$ QPRFQQ FHFRKT PFHQNR 2(1 /a $ AEVAOT QPRFQQ PFHQNR 2(0 GNRIQ NG @FGNRIEPDNH @VF PN EZZCDF@ CNE@ 2(6 IFAOEHDAEC GEDCVRF IN@FQ 2(7 PTZFQ NG QPRVAPVREC FCFIFHPQ 2(; PTZFQ NG ARNQQ)QFAPDNHQ VQF@ 2(? PTZFQ NG QVZZNRPQ VQF@ 2(4 QPEPDAEC @FPFRIDHEHAT 2(5: QPRFQQ QPREDH @DKREI VCPDIEPF PFHQDCF QPRFHKPO TDFC@ QPRFHKPO GREAPVRF QPRFQQ HFALDHK 2(55 QPRFQQ ANHAFHPREPDNH 2(52 WNH IDQQFQ ARDPFRDNH 2(51 ZCEHF QPRFQQ 2(50 ZCEHF QPREDH 2(56 INOR QPRFQQ ADRACF

2(57 ZRFQQVRF WFQQFC @FQDKH IN@FC GNR ATCDH@FRQ

AOEZPFR HN 1= iepfrdecq gnr zrfqqvrf wfqqfcq

EQIF zrfqqvrf wfqqfc an`fq EQIF qfapdnh wddd `dwdqdnh 5 AOEZPFR HN 0= `fqdkh ng zrfqqvrf wfqqfc



            

Qviiert @dekrei Iepfrdec Zrnzfrpdfq Qofcc ' Zcepf `fqdkh Ofe` `fqdkh H)5 0jj qao)57: H)2 0jj qao)57: nh ofe` H)5'H)2 Gcehkfq H)1 5jjHZP7:::! O(azck H)0'H)6 0jj zrnafqq anhh I)5 52jjx57jj I[T nh qofcc I)2 52jjx57jj I[T nh Ofe` Wfqqfc [fdkop ' Wncvif Cdgpdhk Cvkq

AOEZPFR HN 5

DHPRN@VAPDNH PN ZRFQQVRF WFQQFCQ

ANHPFHPQ=)

5(5 DHPRN@VAPDNH( 5(2 PTZFQ NG WFQQFCQ( 5(1 QPRFQQFQ DH ZRFQQVRF WFQQFCQ( 5(0 ZRFQQVRF WFQQFC QEGFPT 5(6 WFQQFCQ DH RFGRDKREPDNH QTQPFI 5(7 GEAPNR NG QEGFPT 5(; QPRFQQ EHECTQDQ( 5(? QPRFQQ.GEDCVRF POFNRDFQ( 5(4 GEDCVRFQ DH ZRFQQVRF WFQQFCQ( 5(5: CNE@DHKQ( 5(55 EQIF QFAPDNH WDDD @DWDQDNH 5 5(52 PTZFQ EH@ ACEQQFQ NG QPRFQQ( 5(51 @FGDHDPDNHQ( 5(50 [FDKOPQ NG ZRFQQVRF WFQQFC ANIZNHFHPQ 5(56 @FQDKH ZRDHADZCFQ(

5(5 DHPRN@VAPDNH=)

[oep dq e zrfqqvrf wfqqfc>

@fgdhdpdnh= E zrfqqvrf wfqqfc dq eht anhpedhfr poep oeq zrfqqvrf poep dq `dggfrfhp poeh epinqzofrda zrfqqvrf( Ecqn# eht anhpedhfr(((wfqqfc anhpedhfr( ((wfqqfc poep oeq pof znpfhpdec pn zrfqqvrd}f qonvc` bf anhqd`frf` e zrfqqvrf wfqqfc(

gdkvrf5(5 onrd}nhpec zrfqqvrf wfqqfc

gdkvrf 5(2 onrd}nhpec zrfqqvrf wfqqfc

5(2 On{ ieht ptzfq ng zrfqqvrf wfqqfcq erf pofrf>

Pofrf erf ieht ptzfq )      

Podhhf` {ecc Podal {eccf` Qpnrekf pehlq Prehqznrpebcf Anhpedhfrq Zrnzehf bnppcfq Keq atcdh`frq

E zrfqqvrf wfqqfc dq e anhpedhfr poep onc`q e cduvd`# weznr# nr keq ep e `dggfrfhp zrfqqvrf npofr poeh epinqzofrda zrfqqvrf zrfqqvrf ep pof qeif fcfwepdnh( Tnv anvc` fwfh qet poep e aerbnhepf` qnè bnppcf dq e zrfqqvrf wfqqfc( Dh geap# pofrf dq nwfr 56)zqd ng zrfqqvrf dh e odko aerbnhepf` qnè bnppcf( [f ivqp bf zreapdaec pnn(

Zrfqqvrf wfqqfc ptzfq> 

Podhhf` {ecc )

Pofqf zrfqqvrf wfqqfcq erf pof inqp aepfknrd}f`( E podhhf` {eccf` zrfqqvrf wfqqfc wfqqfc dq eht atcdh`fr \qofccY \qofccY repdn poep dq 5:& nr cfqq pof pof repdn ng pof podalhfqq pn pof `deifpfr( Ehnpofr {et ng qetdhk podq dq e zrfqqvrf wfqqfc dq podhhf` {eccf` dg pof `deifpfr dq 5:)pdifq nr inrf pof podalhfqq( p 3 :(5 `

gdkvrf5(1 qprfqq `dqprdbvpdnh dh podh {eccf` zrfqqvrf wfqqfc 

Podal {eccf` )

Pofqf zrfqqvrf wfqqfcq erf pof cfeqp aniinh( E podal {eccf` zrfqqvrf wfqqfc wfqqfc dq eht atcdh`fr \qofccY \qofccY repdn poep dq 5:& nr inrf inrf pof repdn ng pof podalhfqq pn pof dhqd`f `deifpfr( p 8 :(5 `

gdkvrf 5(0 podal {eccf` zrfqqvrf wfqqfc



Qpnrekf pehlq )

Qpnrekf pehlq erf e aepfknrt ng podh {eccf` zrfqqvrf wfqqfcq fxafzp poep erf ptzdaecct vh`fr 56)zqd eh` erf qvzfr podh {ofh anizerf` pn pof repdn ebnwf(

gdkvrf 5(6 onp {epfr qpnrekf pehl

Prehqznrpebcf Anhpedhfrq ) Pofqf erf pof inqp aniinh zrfqqvrf wfqqfc eh` znpfhpdecct pof inqp dkhnrf`( Pofqf erf ieqq zrn`vaf` eh` rfuvdrf pfqpdhk fwfrt 5:)tferq gnr zrnzehf eh` keq( Zrnzehf bnppcfq ) Gnrl prvalq# berbfavfq# Keq atcdh`frq ) AN2# N2#((( Npofr ) Anhpedhfrq# keq aehq# bvbbcfrq#(((

5(1 QPRFQQFQ

E zrfqqvrf wfqqfc wfqqfc oeq pn rfpedh pn zrfqqvrf( zrfqqvrf( Dh `ndhk podq pof zrfqqvrf zrfqqvrf ezzcdfq p{n ptzfq ng qprfqqfq dh e zrfqqvrf wfqqfc( Poft erf adravigfrfhpdec adravigfrfhpdec eh` cnhkdpv`dhec( cnhkdpv`dhec(

gdkvrf 5(7 [oep dq diznrpehp pn rfifibfr dq cnhkdpv`dhec qprfqqfq erf oecg eq ivao eq pof adravigfrfhpdec qprfqqfq( Pofrfgnrf# {f aeh qet poep cnhkdpv`dhec qprfhkpo dq p{daf eq qprnhk eq adravigfrfhpdec qprfhkpo( Podq dq nhct prvf gnr dccvqprepdnh zvrznqfq(

GEAPNR NG QEGFPT=)

Geapnrq ng Qegfpt erf vqf` bfaevqf hn iehvgeapvrf aeh kverehpff 5::& uvecdpt( Fwfrt zrfqqvrf wfqqfc oeq e geapnr ng qegfpt( E geapnr ng

qegfpt eaanvhpq gnr vhafrpedhpdfq vhafrpedhpdfq dh iepfrdecq# `fqdkh#‧#eh` `fqdkh#‧#eh` gebrdaepdnh( Geapnrt ng Qegfpt \GQY 9 Eapvec Brfeldhk Qprfhkpo Cne` Pn bfcdfwf dh poep e G(Q( ielfq e ZW \Zrfqqvrf WfqqfcY qegf dq ehnpofr {et# {et# e geapnr ng @EHKFRNVQ eh` vh{dqf( Zvppdhk podq dh ehnpofr qegfpt anizfhqepf gnr dizfrgfapdnhq dh pof zrfqqvrf wfqqfc< pofrfgnrf# fwfrt zrfqqvrf wfqqfc qonvc` bf prfepf` pof qeif rfker`cfqq ng pof geapnr ng qegfpt(

5(0 ZRFQQVRF WFQQFC QEGFPT Pofrf erf gnvr ptzfq ng nwfr zrfqqvrd}epdnh `fwdafq= `fwdafq= 

 



Rvzpvrf @dqlq( Rfcdfg Wecwfq( Qegfpt Rfcdfg Wecwfq( Qegfpt Wecwfq(

[oep qonvc` tnv fxzfap nh eh nwfr)zrfqqvrd}epdnh `fwdaf>

Fwfrt `fwdaf ivqp oewf e heif pek( Pof heif pek ivqp oewf nhf ng pof gnccn{dhk EQIF qtibncq ‟VW— \qzrdhk cne`f` nwfr zrfqqvrd}epdnh `fwdafY ‟V@— \rvzpvrf `dqlY( Pof heif pek {dcc oewf pof qfp zrfqqvrf eh` aezeadpt( Pof qfp zrfqqvrf qonvc` hfwfr bf krfepfr poeh pof zrfqqvrf wfqqfcq IE[Z \iexdivi eccn{ebcf {nrldhk zrfqqvrfY( Ofrf erf qnif qzfadec rvcfq pn pof qfp zrfqqvrf) •

•

Rfcdfg Wecwfq# Qegfpt Rfcdfg Wecwfq# eh` Qegfpt Wecwfq qonvc` bf qfp ep nr bfcn{ zrfqqvrf wfqqfc EQIF heifzcepf IE[Z(

Rvzpvrf @dqlq qonvc` bf qfp hnp odkofr poeh pof ZW \zrfqqvrf wfqqfcY heifzcepf( Vh`fr qzfadec adraviqpehafq pof rvzpvrf `dql aeh bf qfp vz pn 55:& ng pof IE[Z( Dh e``dpdnh pn podq qzfadec

anh`dpdnh# {ofhfwfr {ofhfwfr pofrf dq e znqqdbdcdpt ng dhpfrhec gdrf dh pof zrfqqvrf wfqqfc pof rvzpvrf `dql aeh bf qfp hnp odkofr poeh 57:&# bvp e zrfqqvrf wfqqfc fhkdhffr {dcc hff` pn bf anhqvcpf`( Rfifibfr Pofrf qonvc` hfwfr bf e qovp ngg wecwf bfp{ffh pof ZW eh` nwfr zrfqqvrd}epdnh `fwdaf(

On{ qonvc` pof nwfr)zrfqqvrd}epdnh `fwdaf bf dhqpeccf`> • •

•

Ec{etq dh eh Vzrdkop dhqpeccepdnh( Dhqpeccf` pof nwfr zrfqqvrd}epdnh `fwdaf e gf{ zdzf `deifpfrq e{et grni pof ZW# bvp anhqvcp pof an`f eh` iehvgeapvrf gnr iexdivi `dqpehaf( Ielf qvrf pof fxoevqp `dqaoerkfq qegfct e{et# qn hn nhf anvc` bf dhmvrf`(

PTZFQ NG NWFR N WFR ZRFQQVRD]EPDNH @FWDAFQ=) Qegfpt Wecwfq )

Qegfpt wecwfq erf qprdapct gnr weznr nr keq qfrwdaf( Pof weznr nr keq qonvc` bf rfcepdwfct acfeh pn fhqvrf anhpdhvf` eh` qvaafqqgvc nzfrepdnh( E ptzdaec weznr dq qpfei# eh fxeizcf gnr keq {nvc` bf anizrfqqf` edr( Pofqf erf hnp ifehp gnr cduvd`q( Pofqf wecwfq znz nzfh ep e qfp zrfqqvrf eh` rfqfp ep e cn{fr zrfqqvrf aeccf` bcn{ `n{h(

Qegfpt Rfcdfg Wecwfq )

Pofqf wecwfq `dggfr grni qegfpt wecwfq dh poep poft erf ifehp pn oeh`cf gcvd` qprfeiq poep oewf cduvd`q eh` weznr( Pofqf wecwfq znz nzfh ep e qfp zrfqqvrf eh` rfqfp \bcn{ `n{hY ep e cn{fr zrfqqvrf \wfrt ivao cdlf e qegfpt wecwfY(

Rfcdfg Wecwfq )

Rfcdfg wecwfq nzfh ep e qfp zrfqqvrf eh` rf)acnqf ep pof qeif zrfqqvrf( Pofqf `fwdafq erf qvdpebcf gnr cduvd` qfrwdaf(

Rvzpvrf @dqlq )

Rvzpvrf `dqlq erf zrnbebct pof inqp wfrqepdcf nwfr) zrfqqvrd}epdnh `fwdaf( Pofqf aeh nhct bf vqf` nhaf( Poft erf pof nhct `fwdaf poep aeh bf vqf` dh anhmvhapdnh {dpo npofr nwfr)zrfqqvrd}epdnh `fwdafq( `fwdafq(

5(6 WFQQFCQ DH DH@VQPRDEC RFGRDKFREPDNH QTQPFIQ

ODKO ZRFQQVRF RFADFWFRQ=)

Gdkvrf Odko zrfqqvrf rfafdwfr

CN[ ZRFQQVRF RFAFDWFRQ=)

gdkvrf cduvd` cfwfc iedhpedhf` dh e cn{ zrfqqvrf rfafdwfr

NDC ZNPQ=)

gdkvrf NDC ZNPQ [DPO POFDR PTZDAEC ANHHFAPDNHQ( QFZEREPDNH FHOEHAFRQ=)

Pof gdk /e$ qon{q `re{dhk dhcfp gcn{q `n{h{er` eh` `re{dhk weznr grni pof pnz( /b$ dhqpeccepd dhqpeccepdnh nh ng e ifpec ifpec ifqo ifqo gnr idqp fcdidh fcdidhepdnh epdnh((

POFRINQTZONH RFAFDWFRQ=)

gdkvrf anibdhepdnh ng e pofrinqtzonh rfafdwfr {dpo e qtqpfi rfafdwfr \5Y

5(7 QPRFQQFQ DH ZRFQQVRF WFQQFCQ=)

Qprvapvrec fcfifhpq ivqp bf anhqd`frf`$(

5(; QPRFQQ EHECTQDQ –QPRFQQ EHECTQDQ DQ POF @FPFRIDHEPDNH NG POF RFCEPDNHQODZ BFP[FFH F_PFRHEC GNRAFQ EZZCDF@ PN E WFQQFC EH@ POF ANRRFQZNH@DHK (’ \2Y QPRFQQ (’

5(? QPRFQQ.GEDCVRF POFNRDFQ

Poft erf 5( IE_DIV IE_DIVI I QPRFQQ QPRFQQ POFNRT POFNRT(( 2( IE_DIV IE_DIVI I QOFER QOFER QPRF QPRFQQ QQ POFNR POFNRT( T( IE_DIVI QPRFQQ POFNRT=)

IE_DIVI QOFER QPRFQQ POFNRT=)

KREZO NG IE_DIVI QPRFQQ POFNRT UVE@REHP 5= BDE_DEC PFHQDNH( UVE@REHP 2= PFHQDNH( UVE@REHP 1= BDE_DEC ANIZRFQQDNH( UVE@REHP 0= ANIZRFQQDNH(

KREZO NG QOFER QPRFQQ POFNRT( ANIZERDQNH NG P[N POFNRDFQ=)

5(4 GEDCVRFQ DH ZRFQQVRF WFQQFCQ

AEPFKNRDFQ NG GEDCVRFQ=)

PTZFQ NG GEDCVRFQ=)

5(5: CNE@DHKQ

5(55 QPRFQQ EQIF AN@F # QFAPDNH WDDD# @DWDQDNH5 WFRQFQ @DWDQDNH 2=)

5(52 PTZFQ EH@ ACEQQFQ NG QPRFQQ

Qdivcpehfnvqct erf aeccf` qprfqq aepfknrdfq(

PTZFQ NG QPRFQQ=)

ACEQQFQ NG QPRFQQ=)

5(51 @FGDHDPDNHQ

ivi `fqdkh pfizfrepvrf {nvc` bf pof I@IP(

5(50 [FDKOPQ NG WFQQFCQ EH@ DP—Q ANIZNHFHPQ

5(56 @FQDKH ZRDHADZCFQ

@FQDKH CNE@Q=)

pof `fqdkh(

\1Y

AOEZPFR HN 2 QPRFQQFQ EH@ POFDR FGGFAPQ

ANHPFHPQ=

2(5 QPRFQQ 2(2 PTZFQ NG QPRFQQFQ 2(1 PFHQNR 2(1 /e$ @VEC QZEAF 2(1 /b$ QPRFQQ FHFRKT PFHQNR 2(1 /a $ AEVAOT QPRFQQ PFHQNR 2(0 GNRIQ NG @FGNRIEPDNH @VF PN EZZCDF@ CNE@ 2(6 IFAOEHDAEC GEDCVRF IN@FQ 2(7 PTZFQ NG QPRVAPVREC FCFIFHPQ PTZFQ NG ARNQQ)QFAPDNHQ VQF@ 2(; PTZFQ NG QVZZNRPQ VQF@ 2(? QPEPDAEC @FPFRIDHEHAT 2(4 QPRFQQ QPREDH @DKREI VCPDIEPF PFHQDCF QPRFHKPO TDFC@ QPRFHKPO GREAPVRF QPRFQQ HFALDHK 2(5: QPRFQQ ANHAFHPREPDNH 2(55 WNH IDQQFQ ARDPFRDNH 2(52 ZCEHF QPRFQQ 2(51 ZCEHF QPREDH 2(50 INOR QPRFQQ ADRACF 2(56 ZRFQQVRF WFQQFC @FQDKH IN@FC GNR ATCDH@FRQ

2(5 QPRFQQ=

Pof anhafzp ng qprfqq {eq dhprn`vaf` bt Aevaot ernvh` 5?22 eq<

Qprfqq dq e ifeqvrf ng pof ewfrekf einvhp ng gnraf fxfrpf` zfr vhdp erfe ng pof qvrgeaf nh {odao dhpfrhec gnrafq eap {dpodh e `fgnriebcf bn`t( Dh npofr {nr`q# dp dq e ifeqvrf ng pof dhpfhqdpt# nr dhpfrhec `dqprdbvpdnh ng pof pnpec dhpfrhec gnrafq eapdhk {dpodh e `fgnriebcf bn`t earnqq diekdhert qvrgeafq( Pofqf dhpfrhec gnrafq erf zrn`vaf` bfp{ffh pof zerpdacfq dh pof bn`t eq e rfeapdnh pn fxpfrhec gnrafq ezzcdf` nh pof bn`t( Fxpfrhec gnrafq erf fdpofr qvrgeaf gnrafq nr bn`t gnrafq( Bfaevqf pof cne`f` `fgnriebcf bn`t dq eqqvif` eq e anhpdhvvi# pofqf dhpfrhec gnrafq erf `dqprdbvpf` anhpdhvnvqct {dpodh pof wncvif ng pof iepfrdec bn`t# d(f( pof qprfqq `dqprdbvpdnh dh pof bn`t dq fxzrfqqf` eq e zdfaf{dqf anhpdhvnvq gvhapdnh ng qzeaf annr`dhepfq eh` pdif( VHDPQ=

Pof QD vhdp gnr qprfqq dq pof zeqaec /qtibnc Ze$# {odao dq fuvdwecfhp pn nhf hf{pnh /gnraf$ zfr quverf ifpfr /vhdp erfe$( Pof vhdp gnr qprfqq dq pof qeif eq poep ng zrfqqvrf# {odao dq ecqn e ifeqvrf ng gnraf zfr vhdp erfe( Fhkdhffrdhk uvehpdpdfq erf vqvecct ifeqvrf` dh Ifkezeqaecq /IZe$ nr kdkezeqaecq /KZe$( Dh dizfrdec vhdpq# qprfqq dq fxzrfqqf` dh znvh`q)gnraf zfr quverf dhao /zqd$ nr ldcnznvh`q)gnraf zfr quverf dhao /lqd$( \0Y

gdkvrf 2(5 Qprfqq dh e cne`f` `fgnriebcf iepfrdec bn`t eqqvif` eq e anhpdhvvi(

0: 05

Pof inqp kfhfrec `fgdhdpdnh ng qprfqq dq< – gnraf zfr vhdp erfe’ iepofiepdaecct< ρ9G.E

E 9 VHDP ERFE G 9 GNRAF

Qprvapvrec eh` qncd` bn`t ifaoehdaq erf anhafrhf` {dpo ehect}dhk pof fgg fapq ng ezzcdf` cne`q( Pofqf erf fxpfrhec pn pof iepfrdec ng pof qprvapvrf bn`t eh` rfqvcp dq dhpfrhec rfeapdhk gnrafq( Pofqf dhpfrhec rfeapdhk gnrafq erf pfrif` eq qprfqqfq# pnkfpofr {dpo pof `fgnriepdnhq erf `dqzceafifhpq# anhgnridhk pn pof zrdhadzcfq zrdhadzcfq ng ng Hf{pnhdeh ifaoehdaq( Bnpo pof ehectqdq eh` `fqdkh ng e kdwfh qprvapvrf dhwncwfq pof `fpfridhepdnh ng qprfqqfq eh` `fgnriepdnhq( \6Y @FQARDZPDNH= Fuvdcdbrdvi=

E zerpdacf dq dh pof qpepf ng fuvdcdbrdvi dg pof rfqvcpehp gnraf eh` inifhp eapdhk nh dp dq }frn( Ofhaf eaanr`dhk pn Hf{pnh—q ce{ ng inpdnh dp {dcc oewf hn eaafcfrepdnh eh` {dcc bf ep rfqp( Podq otznpofqdq aeh bf fxpfh`f` pn pof acvqpfrq ng zerpdacfq 02

poep dhpfreap {dpo feao npofr {dpo fuvec eh` nzznqdpf gnrafq bvp oewf hn nwfrecc rfqvcpehp( Povq dp dq fwd`fhp poep qncd` bn`dfq# qprvapvrfq# nr eht qvb`dwd`f` zerp# {dcc bf dh fuvdcdbrdvi dg pof rfqvcpehp ng ecc fxpfrhec gnrafq eh` inifhpq dq }frn(

E iepfrdec bn`t aeh bf eapf` vznh bt fxpfrhec gnrafq# {odao erf ng p{n ldh`= qvrgeaf gnrafq eh` bn`t gnrafq( Qvrgeaf gnrafq nr anhpeap gnrafq eap nh pof bnvh`dhk qvrgeaf eq e rfqvcp ng ifaoehdaec anhpeap bfp{ffh bn`dfq# eh` pofdr dhpfhqdpt dq zrnznrpdnhec pn pof erfe ng anhpeap( Bn`t gnrafq # qvao eq krewdpepdnhec eh` iekhfpda gnrafq# erf gnrafq `dqprdbvpf` nwfr pof wncvif ng e

bn`t# eh` pofdr dhpfhqdpt dq zrnznrpdnhec pn pof ieqq ng pof bn`t( Qvrgeaf gnrafq aeh ecqn naavr {dpodh dhpfrhec qvrgeafq ng e bn`t(

Pofqf eapdhk fxpfrhec gnrafq erf pofh prehqidppf` grni zndhp pn zndhp {dpodh pof iepfrdec bn`t# cfe`dhk pn pof kfhfrepdnh ng dhpfrhec gnrafq( gnr afq( Pof prehqidqqdnh ng qvao gnrafq dq knwfrhf` bt pof anhqfrwepdnh ce{q ng cdhfer eh` ehkvcer inifhpe Hf{pnh+q Qfanh` Ce{ ng inpdnh( Gnr bn`dfq dh qpepda fuvdcdbrdvi# pofqf ce{q erf rfcepf` pn pof zrdhadzcfq ng fuvdcdbrdvi ng gnrafq eh` inifhpq# rfqzfapdwfct( Pof ifeqvrf ng pof dhpfhqdpt ng podq dhpfrhec gnrafq eapdhk {dpodh pof iepfrdec bn`t earnqq diekdhert qvrgeafq dq aeccf` qprfqq( Dh npofr {nr`q# qprfqq dq e ifeqvrf ng pof ewfrekf uvehpdpt ng gnraf fxfrpf` zfr vhdp erfe ng pof qvrgeaf nh {odao pofqf dhpfrhec gnrafq eap( Gnr fxeizcf# dg {f anizerf e gnraf ezzcdf` pn e qiecc erfe eh` e `dqprdbvpf` cne` ng pof qeif rfqvcpdhk iekhdpv`f ezzcdf` pn e cerkfr erfe# {f gdh` poep pof fggfapq nr dhpfhqdpdfq ng pofqf p{n gnrafq erf cnaecct `dggfrfhp bfaevqf pof qprfqqfq erf hnp pof qeif(

2(2 PTZFQ NG QPRFQQFQ=

Gnccn{dhk erf pof beqda ptzfq ng qprfqqfq< qpr fqqfq<

/d$( hnriec qprfqqfq /dd$( qoferdhk qprfqqfq /ddd$( bferdhk qprfqqfq

/d$ Hnriec Qprfqqfq= – podq ptzfq ng qprfqqfq naavrq dh pof ifibfr vh`fr exdec cne`dhk’

hnriecct `fhnpf` bt – ρ’

gdkvrf 2(2 Hnriec qprfqq dq pof dhpfhqdpt ng gnrafq eapdhk zfrzfh`davcer pn dhgdhdpfct qiecc erfe È {dpo eh` nbmfap zfr vhdp erfe( Dg pof hnriec qprfqq eapdhk nh È zvccq nh dp pofh dp dq aeccf` eq pfhqdcf qprfqq {ofrfeq dg dp zvqofq nh pof erfe pofh dp dq aeccf` eq anizrfqqdwf qprfqq( Pof zcehf ng e pfhqdcf nr anizrfqqdwf qprfqq cdfq zfrzfh`davcer pn pof exdq ng nzfrepdnh ng pof gnraf grni {odao dp nrdkdhepfq(

gdkvrf2(1 pfhqdcf qprfqq

Anizrfqqdwf qprfqq=

–Anizrfqqdwf qprfqq dq pof qprfqq ezzcdf` pn iepfrdecq rfqvcpdhk dh pofdr anizeapdnh /`farfeqf ng wncvif$( ’ [ofh e iepfrdec dq qvbmfapf` pn anizrfqqdwf qprfqq# pofh podq iepfrdec dq vh`fr anizrfqqdnh( Vqvecct# anizrfqqdwf qprfqq ezzcdf` pn berq# ancvihq# fpa( cfe`q pn qonrpfhdhk(

Cne`dhk e qprvapvrec fcfifhp nr e qzfadifh {dcc dharfeqf pof anizrfqqdwf qprfqq vhpdc pof rfeao ng anizrfqqdwf qprfhkpo( Eaanr`dhk pn pof zrnzfrpdfq ng pof iepfrdec# gedcvrf {dcc naavr eq tdfc` gnr iepfrdecq {dpo `vapdcf bfoewdnvr /inqp ifpecq# qnif qndcq eh` zceqpdaq$ nr eq rvzpvrf gnr brdppcf bfoewdnvr /kfniepfrdecq# aeqp drnh# kceqq# fpa$( Dh cnhk# qcfh`fr qprvapvrec fcfifhpq )) qvao eq ancvihq nr prvqq berq )) eh dharfeqf ng anizrfqqdwf gnraf G cfe`q pn qprvapvrec gedcvrf `vf pn bvalcdhk ep cn{fr qprfqq poeh pof anizrfqqdwf qprfhkpo(

Anizrfqqdwf qprfqq oeq qprfqq vhdpq /gnraf zfr vhdp erfe$# vqvecct {dpo hfkepdwf wecvfq pn dh`daepf pof anizeapdnh(

gdkvrf2(0 anizrfqqdwf qprfqq

/dd$

Qoferdhk Qprfqqfq=

– qoferdhk qprfqqfq erf aevqf` bt pof ezzcdaepdnh ng fuvec eh` nzznqdpf prehqwfrqf gnrafq’

hnriecct `fhnpf` bt –π’

gdkvrf 2(6

qofer qprfqq dq ezzcdf` zereccfc nr pehkfhpdec pn pof geaf ng pof iepfrdec eq nzznqf` pn pof hnriec qprfqq {odao dq ezzcdf` zfrzfh`davcerct‧ Pof zcehf ng e qofer qprfqq cdfq dh pof zcehf ng pof gnraf qtqpfi grni {odao dp nrdkdhepfq(

gdkvrf 2(7 `fqardzpdnh ng zcehfq dh pfhqdcf anizrfqqdwf eh` qofer qprfqqfq

gdkvrf 2(; `fqardzpdnh ng pfhqdcf eh` qofer qprfqq

/ddd$

Bferdhk Qprfqqfq=

– bferdhk qprfqqfq erf arfepf` bt bncpq eh` zdhq dh pof ifibfrq poft anhhfap’

hnriecct `fhnpf` bt –ρ’ ρ 9 Z . p` {ofrf< Z 9 cne` p 9 podalhfqq ng ifibfr ` 9 `deifpfr ng zdh ng bncp

gdkvrf 2(; bferdhk qprfqq Pof ezzcdf` cne` `dwd`f` bt pof bferdhk erfe( Iexdivi bferdhk qprfqq dq pof iexdivi cne` dh znvh`q# qvqpedhf` bt pof qzfadifh `vrdhk pof pfqp# `dwd`f` bt pof nrdkdhec bferdhk erfe(

Gnr pof p{n gnraf ifibfr vh`fr exdec cne`dhk< qprfqq ehectqdq dq `nhf bt fqpdiepdhk pof hnriec eh` qoferdhk qprfqqfq dh eh nbcduvf zcehf( Qfanh`ct vcpdiepf qprfhkpo ng pof iepfrdec dq `fpfridhf` eh` gdhecct bt vqdhk pof geapnr ng qegfpt ng eht aniznhfhp pof eccn{ebcf cne` gnr pof qprvapvrec aniznhfhp dq `fpfridhf` ( @DQANHPDVDPT QPRFQQFQ= @dqanhpdhvdpt qprfqqfq naavrq dh aeqf ng aniznvh` atcdh`frq‧aniznvh` atcdh`frq erf vqf` pn dharfeqf pof rehkf ng zrfqqvrf poep aeh bf vqf` dhqd`f e atcdh`fr(

Ifibrehf qprfqqfq= – Ifibrehf qprfqq dh ifaoehdaq ifehq pof ewfrekf qprfqq earnqq pof arnqq qfapdnh dhwncwf`’

Pofriec qprfqqfq= – Pofriec qprfqqfq erdqfq dh pof iepfrdec {ofh poft erf ofepf` eh` anncf`’

Zrdhadzec qprfqqfq= – Hnriec qprfqqfq ecnhk zrdhadzec `drfapdnhq erf aeccf` eq zrdhadzec qprfqqfq’

Pehkfhpdec qprfqqfq= – pehkfhpdec qprfqqfq naavrq dh pof `drfapdnh zfrzfh`davcer pn pof adravigfrfhaf’

Re`dec qprfqqfq=

– re`dec qprfqq dq e qprfqq pn{er`q nr e{et grni pof afhprec exdq ng pof avrwf` ifibfr’

Adravigfrfhpdec qprfqqfq=

Cnhkdpv`dhec qprfqqfq= – Cnhkdpv`dhec qprfqqfq naavrq ecnhk pof cnhkdpv`dhec exdq’ dp vqvecct naavrq dh aeqf ng zdzf qoezf` nbmfapq \7Y

2(1 PFHQNR – Eh fcfifhp eq e rfqvcp ng pfhqnr zrn`vap ng wfapnr qzeafq dq aeccf` eq pfhqnr’

Kdwfh e gdhdpf qfp | W 5# ((( # W h y ng wfapnr qzeafq nwfr e aniinh gdfc` G ( Nhf iet gnri pofdr pfhqnr zrn`vap W 5 ⊛ ((( ⊛ W h( Eh fcfifhp ng podq pfhqnr zrn`vap dq rfgfrrf` pn eq e pfhqnr(

gdkvrf 2(? qprfqq pfhqnr

2(1/ e$ @vec Qzeaf= – Dh iepofiepdaq# eht wfapnr qzeaf# W# oeq e anrrfqznh`dhk `vec wfapnr qzeaf /nr mvqp `vec qzeaf gnr qonrp$ anhqdqpdhk ng ecc cdhfer gvhapdnhecq nh W’(

@vec wfapnr qzeafq `fgdhf` nh gdhdpf)`difhqdnhec wfapnr qzeafq aeh bf vqf` gnr `fgdhdhk pfhqnrq {odao erf qpv`df` dh pfhqnr eckfbre( 2(1 /b$ QPRFQQ FHFRKT PFHQNR=

–Pof qprfqq)fhfrkt pfhqnr /qnifpdifq qprfqq)fhfrkt)inifhpvi pfhqnr$ dq e pfhqnr uvehpdpt dh zotqdaq poep `fqardbfq pof `fhqdpt eh` gcvx ng fhfrkt eh` inifhpvi dh qzeafpdif’

gdkvrf 2(4 qprfqq fhfrkt pfhqnr

2(1 / a$ AEVAOT QPRFQQ PFHQNR=

Dh kfhfrec# on{fwfr# pof qprfqq dq hnp vhdgnrict `dqprdbvpf` nwfr e arnqq qfapdnh ng e iepfrdec bn`t# eh` anhqfuvfhpct pof qprfqq ep e zndhp nh e kdwfh erfe dq `dggfrfhp poeh pof ewfrekf qprfqq nwfr pof fhpdrf erfe( Pofrfgnrf# dp dq hfafqqert pn `fgdhf pof qprfqq hnp ep e kdwfh erfe bvp ep e qzfadgda zndhp dh pof bn`t (

gdkvrf 2(5: e zndhp dh eh nbmfap vh`fr vh`fr qprfqq Eaanr`dhk pn Aevaot# pof qprfqq ep eht zndhp dh eh nbmfap# eqqvif` pn bf e anhpdhvvi# dq anizcfpfct `fgdhf` bt pof hdhf aniznhfhpq ng e qfanh` nr`fr pfhqnr lhn{h eq pof Aevaot qprfqq pfhqnr

4 aniznhfhpq ng e qfanh` nr`fr pfhqnr

Pof Aevaot qprfqq pfhqnr nbftq pof pfhqnr prehqgnriepdnh ce{ vh`fr e aoehkf dh pof qtqpfi ng annr`dhepfq( E krezodaec rfzrfqfhpepdnh ng podq prehqgnriepdnh ce{ dq pof Inor+q adracf gnr qprfqq( Eaanr`dhk pn pof zrdhadzcf ng anhqfrwepdnh ng cdhfer inifhpvi# dg pof anhpdhvvi bn`t dq dh qpepda fuvdcdbrdvi dp aeh bf `finhqprepf` poep pof aniznhfhpq ng pof Aevaot qprfqq pfhqnr dh fwfrt iepfrdec zndhp dh pof bn`t qepdqgt pof fuvdcdbrdvi fuvepdnhq /Aevaot+q fuvepdnhq ng inpdnh gnr }frn eaafcfrepdnh$( Ep pof qeif pdif# eaanr`dhk pn pof zrdhadzcf ng anhqfrwepdnh ng ehkvcer inifhpvi# fuvdcdbrdvi rfuvdrfq poep pof qviiepdnh ng inifhpq {dpo rfqzfap pn eh erbdprert zndhp dq }frn# {odao cfe`q pn pof anhacvqdnh poep pof qprfqq pfhqnr dq qtiifprda# povq oewdhk nhct qdx dh`fzfh`fhp qprfqq aniznhfhpq# dhqpfe` ng pof nrdkdhec hdhf(

Bt anhpdhvvi bn`t {f ifeh ehtbn`t {odao vh`frknfq kre`vec prehqdpdnh grni nhf qpepf pn ehnpofr qpepf {dponvp ebrvzp aoehkfq fxeizcf `vapdcf iepfrdecq(( 2(0 GNRIQ NG @FGNRIEPDNH @VF PN EZZCDF@ CNE@

Gnrafq rfqvcpq dhpn gnvr beqda gnriq ng `fgnriepdnhq nr `dqzceafifhp ng qprvapvrfq nr qncd` bn`dfq 5( 2( 1( 0(

PFHQDNH ANIZ ANIZRF RFQQ QQDDNH BFH@DHK P[DQ P[DQPD PDHK HK NR NR PNR PNRQDN QDNH H

PFHQDNH=

dq pof iekhdpv`f ng pof zvccdhk gnraf fxfrpf` bt e qprdhk# aebcf# aoedh# nr qdidcer nbmfap nh ehnpofr nbmfap( Dp dq pof nzznqdpf ng anizrfqqdnh( Eq pfhqdnh dq e gnraf# dp dq ifeqvrf` dh hf{pnhq /nr qnifpdifq znvh`q)gnraf$ eh` dq ec{etq ifeqvrf` zereccfc pn pof qprdhk nh {odao dp ezzcdfq(

ANIZRFQQDNH=

@vf pn ezzcdf` cne` pofrf dq e `farfeqf dh cfhkpo nr wncvif ng pof iepfrdec

Dp dq nzznqdpf pn pfhqdnh( Dp dq qvbmfapf` gnraf ezzcdf` bt nhf nbmfap nh ehnpofr nbmfap Qdhaf anizrfqqdnh dq ecqn fxzrfqqf` dh pfriq ng gnraf qn dp dq ifeqvrf` dh Hf{pnh eh` znvh`( BFH@DHK=

Dh pof gnraf ehectqdq ng greif {nrlq pof ifibfrq {frf nhct qvbmfapf` pn pof exdec gnraf# heifct pfhqdnh nr anizrfqqdnh pofh `vf pn pof fggfap prehqwfrqf cne`q eapdhk nh pof qprvapvrf# pof rfqvcpdhk `fgnriepdnh dq aeccf` eq bfh`dhk( Bfh`dhk dq wfrt aniinh dh qprvapvrfq eh` ieaodhfq d(f# gcnnr mndqpq# redc{et excfq# efrnzcehf {dhkq# cfeg qzrdhkq fpa( Pof fxpfrhec ezzcdf` cne`q {odao aevqf bfh`dhk kdwf rdqf pn dhpfrhec rfeapdhk gnrafq( Dh fhkdhffrdhk ifaoehdaq# bfh`dhk /ecqn lhn{h eq gcfxvrf$ aoereapfrd}fq pof bfoewdnr ng e qcfh`fr qprvapvrec fcfifhp qvbmfapf` pn eh fxpfrhec cne` ezzcdf` zfrzfh`davcerct pn eh exdq ng pof fcfifhp( Pof qprvapvrec fcfifhp dq eqqvif` pn bf qvao poep ep cfeqp nhf ng dpq `difhqdnhq dq e qiecc greapdnh# ptzdaecct 5.5: nr cfqq# ng pof npofr p{n( [ofh pof cfhkpo dq anhqd`frebct anhqd`frebct cerkfr poeh pof {d`po eh` pof podalhfqq# pof fcfifhp dq aeccf` e bfei(

PNRQDNH=

Dh pnrqdnh e qncd` nr pvbvcer ifibfr dq qvbmfapf` pn pnruvf ebnvp dp—q cnhkdpv`dhec exdq rfqvcpdhk dh p{dqpdhk `fgnriepdnh( Pof fhkdhffrdhk fxeizcfq ng pof ebnwf erf nbpedhf` dh qoegpq prehqidppdhk zn{fr dh ieaodhfrt eh` prehqznrp# qprvapvrec ifibfrq dh efrnzcehfq# qzrdhkq(

gdkvrf 2(55 pnrqdnh

2(6 IFAOEHDAEC GEDCVRF IN@FQ

Gnccn{dhk erf pof gedcvrf in`fq poep aniinhct fxdqpq dh ifaoehdaec ezzcdaepdnhq( 

BVALCDHK  ANRRNQDNH  ARFFZ  GEPDUVF  GREAPVRF  DIZEAP  IFAOEHDAEC NWFRCNE@  RVZPVRF  POFRIEC QONAL

BVALCDHK=

Dh fhkdhffrdhk#

– bvalcdhk dq e gedcvrf in`f aoereapfrd}f` bt e qv``fh gedcvrf ng e qprvapvrec ifibfr qvbmfapf` pn odko anizrfqqdwf qprfqqfq# {ofrf pof eapvec anizrfqqdwf qprfqq ep pof zndhp ng gedcvrf dq cfqq poeh pof vcpdiepf anizrfqqdwf qprfqqfq poep pof iepfrdec dq aezebcf ng {dpoqpeh`dhk ’ Podq in`f ng gedcvrf dq ecqn `fqardbf` eq gedcvrf `vf pn fceqpda dhqpebdcdpt( Iepofiepdaec ehectqdq ng bvalcdhk ielfq vqf ng eh exdec cne` faafhprdadpt poep dhprn`vafq e inifhp# {odao `nfq hnp gnri zerp ng pof zrdiert gnrafq pn {odao pof ifibfr dq qvbmfapf`(

gdkvrf 2( 52 bvalcdhk ng e ancvih

ANRRNQDNH=

–Anrrnqdnh aeh bf `fgdhf` eq pof `dqdhpfkrepdnh ng e iepfrdec dhpn dpq anhqpdpvfhp epniq `vf pn aofidaec rfeapdnhq {dpo dpq qvrrnvh`dhkq’

( Dh pof inqp aniinh vqf ng pof {nr`# podq ifehq e cnqq ng fcfaprnhq ng ifpecq rfeapdhk {dpo {epfr eh` nxtkfh( [felfhdhk ng drnh `vf pn nxdèpdnh ng pof drnh epniq dq e {fcc)lhn{h fxeizcf ng fcfaprnaofidaec anrrnqdnh( Podq dq aniinhct lhn{h eq rvqpdhk( Podq ptzf ng èiekf ptzdaecct zrn`vafq nxd`f eh`.nr qecp ng pof nrdkdhec ifpec( Anrrnqdnh aeh ecqn rfgfr pn npofr iepfrdecq poeh ifpecq# qvao eq afreidaq nr znctifrq( Ecponvko dh podq anhpfxp# pof pfri `fkreèpdnh dq inrf aniinh( Inqp qprvapvrec eccntq anrrn`f ifrfct grni fxznqvrf pn indqpvrf dh pof edr bvp pof zrnafqq aeh bf qprnhkct eggfapf` bt fxznqvrf pn afrpedh qvbqpehafq ( Anrrnqdnh aeh bf anhafhprepf` cnaecct pn gnri e zdp nr areal# nr dp aeh fxpfh` earnqq e {d`f erfe pn zrn`vaf kfhfrec `fpfrdnrepdnh( [odcf qnif fggnrpq pn rf`vaf anrrnqdnh ifrfct rf`drfap pof èiekf dhpn cfqq wdqdbcf# cfqq zrf`dapebcf gnriq# anhprnccf` anrrnqdnh prfepifhpq qvao eq zeqqdwepdnh eh` aorniepf) anhwfrqdnh {dcc dharfeqf e iepfrdec+q anrrnqdnh rfqdqpehaf(

gdk 2(51 fggfap ng nxtkfh anhafhprepdnh nh pof anrrnqdnh ng e iepfrdec dh ii ii

ARFFZ=

–Arffz dq pof pfh`fhat ng e qncd` iepfrdec pn qcn{ct inwf nr `fgnri zfriehfhpct vh`fr pof dhgcvfhaf ng qprfqqfq( Dp naavrq eq e rfqvcp ng cnhk pfri fxznqvrf pn cfwfcq ng qprfqq poep erf bfcn{ pof tdfc` qprfhkpo ng pof iepfrdec’

Arffz dq inrf qfwfrf dh iepfrdecq poep erf qvbmfapf` pn ofep gnr cnhk zfrdn`q# eh` hfer pof ifcpdhk zndhp( Arffz ec{etq dharfeqfq {dpo pfizfrepvrf(

GEAPNRQ=

Pof repf ng podq `fgnriepdnh dq e gvhapdnh ng pof iepfrdec zrnzfrpdfq# fxznqvrf pdif# fxznqvrf pfizfrepvrf eh` pof ezzcdf` qprvapvrec cne`( @fzfh`dhk nh pof iekhdpv`f ng pof ezzcdf` qprfqq eh` dpq `vrepdnh# pof `fgnriepdnh iet bfanif qn cerkf poep e aniznhfhp aeh hn cnhkfr zfrgnri dpq gvhapdnh fxeizcf arffz ng e pvrbdhf bce`f {dcc aevqf pof bce`f pn anhpeap pof aeqdhk# rfqvcpdhk dh pof gedcvrf ng pof bce`f(

Arffz dq vqvecct ng anhafrh pn fhkdhffrq eh` ifpeccvrkdqpq {ofh fwecvepdhk aniznhfhpq poep nzfrepf vh`fr odko qprfqqfq nr odko pfizfrepvrfq( Arffz dq e `fgnriepdnh ifaoehdqi poep iet nr iet i et hnp anhqpdpvpf e gedcvrf in`f( In`frepf arffz dh anharfpf dq qnifpdifq {fcanif` bfaevqf dp rfcdfwfq pfhqdcf qprfqqfq poep idkop npofr{dqf cfe` pn arealdhk( ar ealdhk( @dggfrfhaf grni brdppcf greapvrf=

Vhcdlf brdppcf greapvrf# arffz `fgnriepdnh `nfq hnp naavr qv``fhct vznh pof ezzcdaepdnh ng qprfqq( Dhqpfe`# qpredh eaavivcepfq eq e rfqvcp ng cnhk)pfri qprfqq( Arffz `fgnriepdnh dq "pdif)`fzfh`fhp" "pdif)`fzfh`fhp" `fgnriepdnh(

Arffz `fgnriepdnh dq diznrpehp hnp nhct dh qtqpfiq {ofrf odko pfizfrepvrfq erf fh`vrf` qvao eq hvacfer zn{fr zcehpq# mfp fhkdhfq eh` ofep fxaoehkfrq# bvp ecqn dh pof `fqdkh ng i ieht eht fwfrtèt nbmfapq(

GEPDKVF=

Dh iepfrdecq qadfhaf# – gepdkvf dq pof zrnkrfqqdwf eh` cnaecd}f` qprvapvrec èiekf poep naavrq {ofh e iepfrdec dq qvbmfapf` pn atacda cne`dhk’

Pof iexdivi qprfqq wecvfq erf cfqq poeh pof vcpdiepf pfhqdcf qprfqq cdidp# eh` iet bf bfcn{ pof tdfc` qprfqq cdidp ng pof iepfrdec( IFAOEHDAEC NWFRCNE@=

– gedcvrf nr greapvrf ng e zrn`vap nr aniznhfhp dh e qdhkcf fwfhp dq lhn{h eq ifaoehdaec nwfrcne` ’

Dp dq e aniinh gedcvrf in`f# eh` iet bf anhpreqpf` {dpo gepdkvf# arffz# rvzpvrf# nr qprfqq rfcexepdnh( Dh qprvapvrec fhkdhffrdhk podq pfri dq vqf` {ofh ehectqdhk zrn`vap gedcvrf( Gedcvrf iet naavr bfaevqf fdpofr pof zrn`vap dq {felfr poeh fxzfapf` n{dhk pn e qprfqq anhafhprepdnh# nr pof ezzcdf` cne` dq krfepfr poeh fxzfapf` eh` fxaff`q pof hnriec pfhqdcf qprfhkpo# qpr fhkpo# qofer qprfhkpo nr anizrfqqdwf qprfhkpong pof zrn`vap(

Fxeizcfq dhacv`f pof ieht aniznhfhpq {odao gedc dh aer areqofq# predh areqofq# eh` edrzcehf areqofq eq e rfqvcp ng dizeap cne`dhk( Pof zrnbcfi gnr pof dhwfqpdkepnr dq pn `fpfridhf {odao gedcvrfq oewf bffh aevqf` bt pof areqo# eh` {odao iet oewf aevqf` pof areqo( Dp vqvecct dhwncwfq fxeidhdhk pof brnlfh zerpq gnr qdkhq ng gepdkvf areal krn{po nr npofr èiekf pn pof zerp {odao aehhnp bf epprdbvpf` pn pof areqo dpqfcg( Gnr G nr wfrt cerkf qprvapvrec gedcvrfq qvao eq pof anccezqf ng brd`kfq# dp dq hfafqqerdct e cnhk eh` pf`dnvq zrnafqq ng qdgpdhk pof brnlfh zerpq(

POFRIEC QONAL=

–Pofriec qonal dq pof heif kdwfh pn arealdhk eq e rfqvcp ng rezd` pfizfrepvrf aoehkf’(

Kceqq eh` afreida nbmfapq erf aniinhct fxznqf` pn podq gnri ng gedcvrf# `vf pn pofdr cn{ pnvkohfqq# cn{ pofriec anh`vapdwdpt# eh` odko pofriec fxzehqdnh anfggdadfhpq( On{fwfr# poft erf vqf` dh ieht odko pfizfrepvrf ezzcdaepdnhq `vf pn pofdr odko ifcpdhk zndhp( Pofriec qonal naavrq {ofh e pofriec kre`dfhp aevqfq `dggfrfhp zerpq ng eh nbmfap pn fxzeh` bt `dggfrfhp einvhpq( Podq `dggfrfhpdec fxzehqdnh aeh bf vh`frqpnn` dh pfriq ng qprfqq nr ng qpredh# fuvdwecfhpct( Ep qnif zndhp# podq qprfqq nwfranifq pof qprfhkpo ng pof iepfrdec# aevqdhk e areal pn gnri( Dg hnpodhk qpnzq podq areal grni zrnzekepdhk pornvko pof iepfrdec# dp {dcc aevqf pof nbmfap+q qprvapvrf pn gedc( Zrfwfhpdnh grni pofriec qonal=

Pofriec qonal aeh bf zrfwfhpf` bt= 5( Rf`vadhk pof pofriec kre`dfhp qffh bt pof nbmfap# bt=

2( 1( 0( 6(

e$ aoehkdhk aoehkdhk dpq pfizfrepvrf pfizfrepvrf inrf qcn{ct qcn{ct b$ dharfeqdhk dharfeqdhk pof iepfrde iepfrdec+q c+q pofriec pofriec anh`vapd anh`vapdwdpt wdpt Rf`vadhk Rf`vadhk pof iepfrdec iepfrdec+q +q anfggdadfh anfggdadfhpp ng pofriec pofriec fxzehqdnh fxzehqdnh Dharfe Dharfeqdh qdhk k dpq qprfhkp qprfhkpo o @farfe @farfeqdh qdhk k dpq Tnvhk Tnvhk+q +q in`vcv in`vcvqq Dharfe Dharfeqdh qdhk k dpq dpq pnvkoh pnvkohfqq fqq## bt e$ areal pdz bcvhpdhk# bcvhpdhk# d(f(# zceqpdadpt zceqpdadpt b$ areal `fgcfapdnh \;Y

2(7 PTZFQ NG QPRVAPVREC EH@ QNCD@ BN@T ANIZNHFHPQ

5( PDF=

–E ifibfr poep zrfwfhpq p{n zerpq ng e qprvapvrf grni inwdhk ezerp dq qvbmfapf` pn e zvcc ep feao fh`# nr pfhqdcf gnraf# eh` dq pfrif` eq pdf’

gdkvrf 2(50 pdf 2( QPRVP= –E qcfh`fr ifibfr {odao zrfwfhpq zerpq ng e qprvapvrf inwdhk pn{er` feao npofr dq vh`fr anizrfqqdwf gnraf eh` dq pfrif` eq qprvp’

gdkvrf 2(56 qprvp 1( ANCVIH=

–E wfrpdaec ifibfr {odao dq zfroezq hnp pnn qcfh`fr eh` qvzznrpq qnif ng pof ieqq ng pof qprvapvrf dq aeccf` eq ancvih’ Ancvih dq aezebcf ng qvzznrpdhk exdec cne`q

0( AEBCF=

–E aebcf dq kfhfrecct rfankhd}f` pfri gnr g nr e gcfxdbcf qprdhk vh`fr pfhqdnh {odao anhhfapq p{n bn`dfq’ Dp aehhnp qvzzct rfqdqpehaf pn pof bfh`dhk eapdnh( 6( BFEI=

–Dp dq qvzznrpf` onrd}nhpecct eh` aerrdfq prehqwfrqf cne`dhk nr wfrpdaec cne`dhk’ 7( AEHPD AEHPDCF CFWF WFR R BFEI= BFEI= –E aniinh qzfadec aeqf ng bfei dq aehpdcfwfr bfei {ofrf nhf fh` dq gdxf` eh` zrnwd`fq ecc pof hfafqqert qvzznrp’

gdkvrf 2(57 aehpdcfwfr bfei kfnifprt ;( BFEI BFEI ANC ANCVI VIH= H=

–Eq pof heif dizcdfq dp anibdhfq pof gvhapdnhq ng bfei eh` e ancvih(’

gdkvrf 2(5; bfei ancvih

ERAO= –Pof erao oeq pof qeif gvhapdnh eq pof bfei nr bfei)ancvih# bvp dq avrwf` dh qoezf’

pof gdccdhk eh` aerrtdhk ng cne` nwfr eh erfe nr qzeaf erf eaodfwf` bt gcep qcebq nr zcepfq bt zehfcq eh` ecqn bt qofccq# {odao erf pof avrwf` wfrqdnhq ng pof gnrifr(

?( QOEGP=

–Pof prehqidqqdnh ng pnruvf eh` p{dqp dq eaodfwf` pornvko e ifibfr {odao dq grfuvfhpct pfrif` eq qoegp’

gdkvrf 2(5? qoegp \?Y

S @DGGFRFHP PTZFQ NG ARNQQ) QFAPDNHQ VQF@=

Pof ifibfrq `fqardbf` ebnwf aeh oewf werdfpt ng arnqq)qfapdnhec qoezfq `fzfh`dhk vznh pof zerpdavcer ptzf ng cne`dhk pn bf aerrdf`( Qnif ptzdaec arnqq qfapdnhq erf<

5( ehkcf

gdkvrf 2(54 ehkcf

2( aoehhfc

gdkvrf 2(2: aoehhfc 1(

D)qfapdnh

gdkvrf 2(25 D)Qfapdnh 0( P)qfapdnh

gdkvrf 2(22 P)Qfapdnh

7( ])qfa )qfapd pdn nh

gdkvrf 2(21

;( Pvbfq=

gdkvrf 2(20 \4Y

2(; PTZFQ NG QVZZNRPQ VQF@ GNR QPRVAPVREC IFIBFRQ

5( bvdcp)dh bvdcp)dh nr gdxf` gdxf` qvzzn qvzznrp rp

nhf onrd}nhpec eh` nhf wfrpdaec rfeapdnh eh` dh aeqf ng {fc`f` mndhp 2) rfeapdnhq zcvq nhf inifhp dh e``dpdnh

gdk 2(26 bvdcp nh nr gdxf` qvzznrp 2( zdh zdh anhh anhhfa fapd pdnh nh==

nhf onrd}nhpec eh` nhf wfrpdaec rfeapdnh

gdkvrf 2(27 zdh anhhfapdnh 1( rncc rnccfr fr qvz qvzzn znrp rp

nhf wfrpdaec rfeapdnh

gdk 2(2; rnccfr qvzznrp

0( qcd` qcd`dh dhk k qvzz qvzznr nrpp

gdk 2(2?

nhf onrd}nhpec rfeapdnh

pof ezzcdf` cne`dhk nh pof qprvapvrec aniznhfhp dq prehqidppf` pn pof qvzznrpq {odao zrnwd`f pof rfuvdrf` rfeapdhk gnrafq pn iedhpedh pof nwfrecc fuvdcdbrdvi( \5:Y

Pof qfzerepf ifibfrq ng pof qprvapvrf erf mndhf` pnkfpofr bt bncpdhk# rdwfpdhk nr {fc`dhk( Dg pof mndhpq erf qpdgg {ofh pof ifibfrq ng pof greif{nrl {frf `fgnrif` vh`fr cne`# pof ehkcfq bfp{ffh pof ifibfrq ep pof mndhp {nvc` hnp aoehkf( Podq {nvc` ecqn dizct poep pof mndhp dq aezebcf ng prehqidppdhk e anvzcf( Dp dq gnvh` dh zreapdaf poep pofrf dq qnif `fkrff ng rnpepdnh bfp{ffh ifibfrq ep e mndhp pn pof fceqpdadpt fceqpdadpt ng pof qtqpfi( Gnr pof zvrznqfq ng aecavcepdnhq# aecavcepdnhq# dp dq eqqvif` poep pofqf mndhpq iet bf rfzrfqfhpf` bt e qdizcf becc eh` qnalfp nr zdh dh e oncf( Fwfh {dpo podq errehkfifhp# {odao dq ng anvrqf aehhnp prehqidp e anvzcf nr bfh`dhk inifhp /npofr poeh bt grdapdnh {odao dq dkhnrf`$# `fgnriepdnh ng pof ifibfrq erf rfcepdwfct qiecc( Anhqfuvfhpct# aoehkfq dh ehkcf ep pof mndhpq erf ecqn qiecc( \55Y

2(? QPEPDAEC @FPFRIDHEHAT=

Dg pof hvibfr ng vhlhn{h rfeapdnhq nr dhpfrhec gnrafq dh pof qprvapvrf nr aniznhfhp dq krfepfr poeh pof hvibfr ng fuvdcdbrdvi fuvepdnhq ewedcebcf# pofh pof zrnbcfi dq qed` pn bf qpepdaecct dh`fpfridhepf( E``dpdnhec fuvepdnhq oewf pn bf gnvh` bt anhqd`frdhk pof `dqzceafifhp nr `fgnriepdnh ng pof bn`t( Anh`dpdnhq=

Pofrf erf porff anh`dpdnhq< Vh`fr)qpdgg= dg pofrf erf inrf fuvdcdbrdvi fuvepdnhq poeh vhlhn{h gnrafq nr rfeapdnhq pof qtqpfi dq vhqpebcf eh` dq hnp e qprvapvrf bvp e ifaoehdqi Mvqp)qpdgg= podq dq pof qpepdaecct `fpfridhepf aeqf gnr {odao pofrf erf pof qeif hvibfr ng fuvdcdbrdvi fuvepdnhq eq vhlhn{h gnrafq( Dg eht ifibfr dq rfinwf` pofh e zerp ng pof {oncf ng pof greif {dcc anccezqf Nwfr)qpdgg= podq dq pof qpepdaecct dh`fpfridhepf aeqf dh {odao pofrf erf inrf vhlhn{h gnrafq poeh ewedcebcf fuvdcdbrdvi fuvepdnhq( Pofrf dq ep cfeqp nhf ifibfr inrf poeh dq rfuvdrf` gnr pof greif pn bf mvqp qpdgg

2(4 QPRFQQ QPREDH @DEKREI=

@vrdhk pfqpdhk ng e iepfrdec qeizcf# pof qprfqq‑qpredh avrwf dq e krezodaec rfzrfqfhpepdnh ng pof rfcepdnhqodz bfp{ffh qprfqq# `frdwf` grni ifeqvrdhk pof cne` ezzcdf` nh pof qeizcf# eh` qpredh `frdwf` grni ifeqvrdhk pof `fgnriepdnh ng pof qeizcf# d(f( fcnhkepdnh# anizrfqqdnh# nr `dqpnrpdnh(

Pof hepvrf ng pof avrwf werdfq grni iepfrdec pn iepfrdec( Pof gnccn{dhk `dekreiq dccvqprepf pof qprfqq‑qpredh bfoewdnvr ng ptzdaec iepfrdecq dh pfriq ng pof fhkdhffrdhk qprfqq eh` fhkdhffrdhk qpredh {ofrf pof qprfqq eh` qpredh erf aecavcepf` beqf` nh pof nrdkdhec `difhqdnhq ng pof qeizcf eh` hnp pof dhqpehpehfnvq wecvfq(

gdk 2(24 Qprfqq)qpredh `dekrei ng `vapdcf iepfrdec=

Qpffc kfhfrecct fxodbdpq e wfrt cdhfer qprfqq‑qpredh rfcepdnhqodz vz pn e {fcc `fgdhf` tdfc` zndhp ( Pof cdhfer znrpdnh ng pof avrwf dq pof fceqpda rfkdnh eh` pof qcnzf dq pof in`vcvq ng fceqpdadpt nr Tnvhk+q In`vcvq( Egpfr pof tdfc` zndhp# pof avrwf ptzdaecct `farfeqfq qcdkopct bfaevqf ng `dqcnaepdnhq( Eq `fgnriepdnh anhpdhvfq# pof qprfqq dharfeqfq nh eaanvhp ng qpredh oer`fhdhk vhpdc dp rfeaofq pof vcpdiepf qprfhkpo ( Vhpdc podq zndhp# pof arnqq)qfapdnhec erfe `farfeqfq vhdgnrict bfaevqf ng Zndqqnh anhpreapdnhq( Pof eapvec rvzpvrf zndhp dq dh pof qeif wfrpdaec cdhf eq pof wdqvec rvzpvrf zndhp(

On{fwfr# bftnh` podq zndhp e hfal gnriq gnriq {ofrf pof cnaec arnqq)qfapdnhec erfe `farfeqfq inrf uvdalct poeh pof rfqp ng pof qeizcf rfqvcpdhk dh eh dharfeqf dh pof prvf qprfqq( Nh eh fhkdhffrdhk qprfqq‑qpredh avrwf podq dq qffh eq e `farfeqf dh pof qprfqq( Anhwfrqfct# dg pof avrwf dq zcnppf` dh pfriq ng prvf qprfqq eh` prvf qpredh pof qprfqq {dcc anhpdhvf pn rdqf vhpdc gedcvrf( Fwfhpvecct pof hfal bfanifq vhqpebcf eh` pof qzfadifh rvzpvrfq( 2(4 /e$ Nggqfp ifpon`= Cfqq `vapdcf iepfrdecq qvao eq ecvidhvi eh` if`dvi pn odko aerbnh qpffcq `n hnp oewf e {fcc)`fgdhf` tdfc` zndhp (

Gnr pofqf iepfrdecq pof tdfc` qprfhkpo dq ptzdaecct `fpfridhf` bt pof "nggqfp tdfc` ifpon`"# bt {odao e cdhf dq `re{h `r e{h zereccfc pn pof cdhfer fceqpda znrpdnh ng pof avrwf eh` dhpfrqfapdhk pof ebqadqqe ep qnif erbdprert wecvf /inqp aniinhct :(2&$( Pof dhpfrqfapdnh ng podq cdhf eh` pof qprfqq‑qpredh avrwf dq rfznrpf` eq pof tdfc` zndhp( Ecqn pof tdfc` zndhp dq on{ ivao zrfqqvrf eh` {fdkop e zdfaf ng ifpec aeh onc` bfgnrf dp kfpq pn pof fceqpdadpt zndhp(

gdkvrf 2(1: qprfqq qpredh `dekrei gnr e `vapdcf iepfrdec

2(4 /b$ qprfqq)`dekrei gnr brdppcf iepfrdec=

Brdppcf iepfrdecq qvao eq anharfpf eh` aerbnh gdbfr `n hnp oewf e tdfc` zndhp# eh` `n hnp qpredh)oer`fh {odao ifehq poep pof vcpdiepf qprfhkpo eh` brfeldhk qprfhkpo erf pof qeif(( Ptzdaec brdppcf iepfrdecq i epfrdecq cdlf kceqq `n hnp qon{ eht zceqpda `fgnriepdnh bvp gedc {odcf pof `fgnriepdnh dq fceqpda( Nhf ng pof aoereapfrdqpdaq ng e brdppcf gedcvrf dq poep pof p{n brnlfh zerpq aeh bf rfeqqfibcf` pn zrn`vaf pof qeif qoezf eq pof nrdkdhec aniznhfhp eq pofrf {dcc hnp bf e hfal gnriepdnh gnri epdnh cdlf dh pof aeqf ng `vapdcf iepfrdecq( E ptzdaec qprfqq qpredh avrwf gnr e brdppcf iepfrdec {dcc bf cdhfer( drnh# nr qndc qndc Pfqpdhk ng qfwfrec d`fhpdaec qzfadifh# aeqp drnh# # pfhqdcf qprfhkpo dq hfkcdkdbcf anizerf` pn pof anizrfqqdwf qprfhkpo eh` dp dq eqqvif` }frn gnr ieht fhkdhffrdhk ezzcdaepdnhq( Kceqq gdbfrq oewf e pfhqdcf qprfhkpo qprnhkfr poeh qpffc# bvp bvcl kceqq vqvecct `nfq hnp( Podq P odq dq bfaevqf ng pof Qprfqq Q prfqq Dhpfhqdpt Geapnr eqqnadepf` {dpo `fgfapq dh pof iepfrdec( i epfrdec( Eq pof qd}f ng pof qeizcf kfpq cerkfr# pof qd}f ng `fgfapq ecqn krn{q( Dh kfhfrec# pof pfhqdcf qprfhkpo ng e rnzf dq ec{etq cfqq poeh pof pfhqdcf qprfhkpo ng dpq dh`dwd`vec gdbfrq(

gdkvrf 2(15 qprfqq qpredh `dekrei gnr e brdppcf iepfrdec

2(4 / a $ CDHFER FCEQPDADPT= Cdhfer fceqpdadpt dq pof iepofiepdaec qpv`t ng on{ qncd` nbmfapq `fgnri eh` bfanif dhpfrhecct qprfqqf` `vf pn zrfqardbf` cne`dhk anh`dpdnhq((

Pof gvhèifhpec "cdhferd}dhk" eqqvizpdnhq ng cdhfer fceqpdadpt erf= dhgdhdpfqdiec qpredhq nr "qiecc" `fgnriepdnhq /nr qpredhq$ eh` cdhfer rfcepdnhqodzq bfp{ffh pof aniznhfhpq ng qprfqq eh` qpredh( Dh D h e``dpdnh cdhfer fceqpdadpt dq nhct wecd` gnr qprfqq qpepfq poep `n hnp zrn`vaf tdfc`dhk ( Pofqf eqqvizpdnhq erf rfeqnhebcf gnr ieht fhkdhffrdhk iepfrdecq eh` fhkdhffrdhk `fqdkh qafherdnq( Cdhfer fceqpdadpt dq pofrfgnrf vqf` fxpfhqdwfct dh qprvapvrec ehectqdq eh` fhkdhffrdhk `fqdkh# ngpfh pornvko pof ed` ng gdhdpf fcfifhp ehectqdq(

2(4 /`$ TDFC@DHK=

Pof tdfc` qprfhkpo nr tdfc` zndhp ng e iepfrdec dq `fgdhf` dh fhkdhffrdhk eh` iepfrdecq qadfhaf eq pof qprfqq ep {odao e iepfrdec bfkdhq pn `fgnri zceqpdaecct(

Zrdnr pn pof tdfc` zndhp pof iepfrdec i epfrdec {dcc `fgnri fceqpdaecct eh` {dcc rfpvrh pn dpq nrdkdhec qoezf {ofh pof ezzcdf` qprfqq dq rfinwf`( Nhaf pof tdfc` zndhp dq

zeqqf` qnif greapdnh ng pof `fgnriepdnh {dcc bf zfriehfhp eh` hnh) rfwfrqdbcf( Dh pof porff)`difhqdnhec qzeaf ng pof zrdhadzec qprfqqfq /ρ 5#ρ2#ρ1$# eh dhgdhdpf hvibfr ng tdfc` zndhpq gnri pnkfpofr e tdfc` qvrgeaf(

Lhn{cf`kf ng pof tdfc` zndhp dq wdpec {ofh `fqdkhdhk e aniznhfhp qdhaf dp kfhfrecct rfzrfqfhpq eh vzzfr cdidp pn pof cne` poep aeh bf ezzcdf`( Dp dq ecqn diznrpehp gnr pof anhprnc ng ieht iepfrdecq zrn`vapdnh pfaohduvfq qvao eq gnrkdhk# rnccdhk# nr zrfqqdhk ( Dh qprvapvrec fhkdhffrdhk# podq dq e qngp gedcvrf in`f {odao `nfq hnp hnriecct aevqf aepeqprnzoda gedcvrf nr vcpdiepf gedcvrf vhcfqq dp eaafcfrepfq bvalcdhk(

gdk 2(12

gdk 2(11 /f$ RFQD@VEC QPRFQQFQ =

Rfqd`vec qprfqqfq erf qprfqqfq poep rfiedh egpfr pof nrdkdhec aevqf ng pof qprfqqfq /fxpfrhec gnrafq# ofep kre`dfhp$ oeq bffh rfinwf`(

Poft rfiedh ecnhk e arnqq qfapdnh ng pof aniznhfhp# fwfh {dponvp pof fxpfrhec aevqf( Rfqd`vec qprfqqfq naavr gnr e werdfpt ng rfeqnhq# dhacv`dhk dhfceqpda `fgnriepdnhq eh` ofep prfepifhp(

Fxeizcf=

Ofep grni {fc`dhk iet aevqf cnaecd}f` fxzehqdnh# {odao dq pelfh vz `vrdhk {fc`dhk bt fdpofr pof incpfh ifpec nr pof zceafifhp ng zerpq bfdhk {fc`f`( [ofh pof gdhdqof` {fcìfhp anncq# qnif erfeq annc eh` anhpreap inrf poeh npofrq# cfewdhk rfqd`vec qprfqqfq(

2(4 /g$ QPRFQQ ANHAFHPREPDNH=

–E qprfqq anhafhprepdnh /ngpfh aeccf` qprfqq redqfrq nr qprfqq rdqfrq$ dq e cnaepdnh dh eh nbmfap {ofrf qprfqq dq anhafhprepf`’

( Eh nbmfap dq qprnhkfqp {ofh gnraf dq fwfhct `dqprdbvpf` nwfr dpq erfe# qn e rf`vapdnh dh erfe# f(k( aevqf` bt e areal# rfqvcpq dh e cnaecd}f` dharfeqf dh qprfqq( E iepfrdec aeh gedc# wde e zrnzekepdhk areal# {ofh e anhafhprepf` qprfqq fxaff`q pof iepfrdec+q pofnrfpdaec anofqdwf qprfhkpo( Pof rfec greapvrf gr eapvrf qprfhkpo ng e iepfrdec dq ec{etq cn{fr poeh pof pofnrfpdaec wecvf bfaevqf inqp iepfrdecq anhpedh qiecc arealq poep anhafhprepf qprfqq( Gepdkvf arealq ec{etq qperp ep qprfqq redqfrq# qn rfinwdhk qvao `fgfapq dharfeqfq pof gepdkvf qprfhkpo(

gdkvrf 2(10 qprfqq anhafhaprepdnh

2(4 /k$ gepdkvf qprfhkpo=

Dh iepfrdecq qadfhaf# gepdkvf dq pof zrnkrfqqdwf eh` cnaecd}f` qprvapvrec èiekf poep naavrq {ofh e iepfrdec dq qvbmfapf` pn atacda cne`dhk( Pof iexdivi qprfqq wecvfq erf cfqq poeh pof vcpdiepf pfhqdcf qprfqq cdidp# eh` iet bf bfcn{ pof tdfc` qprfqq cdidp ng pof iepfrdec( 2(4 /o$vcpdiepf pfhqdcf qprfhkpo= Pfhqdcf qprfhkpo /ρVPQ nr Q V V $ dq dh`daepf` bt pof iexdie ng e qprfqq)qpredh avrwf eh`# dh kfhfrec# dh`daepfq {ofh hfaldhk {dcc naavr( Eq dp dq eh dhpfhqdwf zrnzfrpt# dpq wecvf `nfq hnp `fzfh` nh pof qd}f ng pof pfqp qzfadifh( Dp dq# on{fwfr# `fzfh`fhp nh pof zrfzerepdnh ng pof qzfadifh eh` pof pfizfrepvrf ng pof pfqp fhwdrnhifhp eh` iepfrdec(

Pfhqdcf qprfhkpo# ecnhk {dpo fceqpda in`vcvq eh` anrrnqdnh rfqdqpehaf# dq eh diznrpehp zereifpfr ng fhkdhffrdhk iepfrdecq vqf` dh qprvapvrfq eh` ifaoehdaec `fwdafq( Dp dq qzfadgdf` gnr iepfrdecq qvao eq eccnt# aniznqdpf iepfrdecq# afreidaq# zceqpdaq eh` {nn`(

gdkvrf 2(16 gdkvrf qon{dhk vcpdiepf pfhqdcf qprfhkpo ng e `vapdcf iepfrdec 2(4 /d$ grepvrf qprfqq=

Pof prvf hnriec qprfqq nh pof idhdivi • arnqq)qfapdnhec erfe ep pof bfkdhhdhk ng greapvrf( Dh e pfhqdcf pfqp# dp dq pof cne` ep greapvrf `dwd`f` bt pof arnqq)qfapdnhec erfe ng pof qzfadifh(

gdkvrf 2(17 2(4/m$ hfaldhk=

Hfaldhk# dh fhkdhffrdhk nr iepfrdecq qadfhaf# dq e in`f ng pfhqdcf `fgnriepdnh {ofrf rfcepdwfct cerkf einvhpq ng qpredh cnaecd}f `dqzrnznrpdnhepfct dh e qiecc rfkdnh ng pof iepfrdec Pof rfqvcpdhk zrnidhfhp `farfeqf dh cnaec arnqq)qfapdnhec erfe zrnwd`fq pof beqdq gnr pof heif "hfal"( Bfaevqf pof cnaec qpredhq dh pof hfal erf cerkf#

hfaldhk dq ngpfh acnqfct eqqnadepf` {dpo tdfc`dhk# e gnri ng zceqpda `fgnriepdnh eqqnadepf` {dpo `vapdcf iepfrdecq# ngpfh ifpecq nr znctifrq

gdkvrf 2(1; hfaldhk

gdkvrf 2(1? qprfqq ehectqdq ng `vapdcf iepfrdec qon{dhk hfaldhk zofhnifhnh

2(5: NAPEOF@REC QPRFQQFQ=

Anhqd`frdhk pof zrdhadzec `drfapdnhq eq pof annr`dhepf exfq# e zcehf {onqf hnriec wfapnr ielfq fuvec ehkcfq {dpo feao ng pof zrdhadzec exfq dq aeccf` eh napeof`rec zcehf( Pofrf erf e pnpec ng fdkop napeof`rec zcehfq ( Pof hnriec eh` qofer aniznhfhpq ng pof qprfqq pfhqnr nh pofqf zcehfq erf aeccf` napeof`rec hnriec qprfqq eh` napeof`rec qofer qprfqq # rfqzfapdwfct

Gdkvrf 2(14 napeof`rec qprfqqfq

2(55 WNH IDQQFQ ARDPFRDNH=

Pof wnh Idqfq tdfc` ardpfrdnh qvkkfqpq poep pof tdfc`dhk ng iepfrdecq bfkdhq {ofh pof qfanh` `fwdepnrda qprfqq dhwerdehp rfeaofq e ardpdaec wecvf ( Gnr podq rfeqnh# dp dq qnifpdifq aeccf` pof )zceqpdadpt nr gcn{ pofnrt( Dp dq zerp ng e

zceqpdadpt pofnrt poep ezzcdfq bfqp pn `vapdcf iepfrdecq# qvao eq ifpecq( Zrdnr pn tdfc`# iepfrdec rfqznhqf dq eqqvif` pn bf fceqpda( Dh iepfrdec qadfhaf eh` fhkdhffrdhk pof wnh Idqfq tdfc` ardpfrdnh aeh bf ecqn gnrivcepf` dh pfriq ng pof wnh Idqfq qprfqq nr fuvdwecfhp pfhqdcf qprfqq# # e qaecer qprfqq wecvf poep aeh bf anizvpf` grni pof qprfqq pfhqnr( Dh podq aeqf# e iepfrdec dq qed` pn qperp tdfc`dhk {ofh dpq wnh Idqfq qprfqq rfeaofq e ardpdaec wecvf lhn{h eq pof tdfc` qprfhkpo# ( Pof wnh Idqfq qprfqq dq vqf` pn zrf`dap tdfc`dhk ng iepfrdecq vh`fr eht cne`dhk anh`dpdnh grni rfqvcpq ng qdizcf vhdexdec pfhqdcf pfqpq( Pof wnh Idqfq qprfqq qepdqgdfq pof zrnzfrpt poep p{n qprfqq qpepfq {dpo fuvec `dqpnrpdnh fhfrkt oewf fuvec wnh Idqfq qprfqq(

Gdkvrf 2(0: wnh)idqqfq ardpfrdnh tdfc` fhwfcnzf

2(52 ZCEHF QPRFQQ=

E qpepf ng zcehf qprfqq fxdqp {ofh nhf ng pof porff zrdhadzec # qprfqqfq dq }frn (

Podq vqvecct naavrq dh qprvapvrec fcfifhpq {ofrf nhf `difhqdnh dq wfrt qiecc anizerf` pn pof npofr p{n# d(f ( pof fcfifhp dq gcep nr podh( Dh podq aeqf# pof qprfqqfq erf hfkcdkdbcf {dpo rfqzfap pn pof qieccfr `difhqdnh eq poft erf hnp ebcf pn `fwfcnz {dpodh pof iepfrdec eh` erf qiecc anizerf` pn pof dh)zcehf qprfqqfq( Pofrfgnrf# pof geaf ng pof fcfifhp dq hnp eapf` bt cne`q eh` pof

qprvapvrec fcfifhp aeh bf ehect}f` eq p{n)`difhqdnhec# f(k( podh){eccf` qprvapvrfq qvao eq zcepfq qvbmfap pn dh)zcehf cne`dhk nr podh atcdh`frq qvbmfap pn zrfqqvrf cne`dhk(

Gdkvrf 2(05

2(51 ZCEHF QPREDH=

Dg nhf `difhqdnh dq wfrt cerkf anizerf` pn pof npofrq# pof zrdhazec qpredh dh pof `drfapdnh ng pof cnhkfqp `difhqdnh dq anhqpredhf` eh` aeh bf eqqvif` eq }frn# tdfc`dhk e zcehf qpredh anh`dpdnh (

Dh podq aeqf# ponvko ecc zrdhadzec qprfqqfq erf hnh)}frn# pof zrdhadzec qprfqq dh pof `drfapdnh ng pof cnhkfqp `difhqdnh aeh bf `dqrfker`f` gnr aecavcepdnhq( Povq# eccn{dhk e p{n `difhqdnhec ehectqdq ng qprfqqfq# f(k( e èi ehect}f` ep e arnqq qfapdnh cne`f` bt pof rfqfrwndr(

gdkvrf 2(02 zcehf qprfqq eh` zcehf qpredh qpr edh 2(50 INOR QPRFQQ ADRACF=

Pof Inor+q adracf# heif` egpfr Nppn inor dq e p{n)`difhqdnhec krezodaec rfzrfqfhpepdnh ng pof qpepf ng qprfqq ep e zndhp(

Pof ebqadqqe # # eh` nr`dhepf # # ng feao zndhp nh pof adracf erf pof hnriec qprfqq eh` qofer qprfqq aniznhfhpq# rfqzfapdwfct# eapdhk nh e zerpdavcer avp zcehf {dpo e vhdp wfapnr {dpo aniznhfhpq ( Dh npofr {nr`q# pof adravigfrfhaf ng pof adracf dq pof cnavq ng zndhpq poep rfzrfqfhp qpepf ng qprfqq nh dh`dwd`vec zcehfq ep ecc pofdr nrdfhpepdnhq( Inor qprfqq adracf gnr zcehf qprfqq eh` zcehf qpredh=

Pof adracf rfzrfqfhpq ecc znqqdbcf qpepfq ng hnriec eh` qofer qprfqq nh eht zcehf pornvko e qprfqqf` zndhp dh e iepfrdec(

ρ h ‑ ¹ / ρ x , ρ t $ 9 5. 2 /ρ x ) ρ t $ anq 2ο , π xt qdh 2ο )π q 9 ¹ /ρ x ) ρ t $ qdh 2ο ) π xt anq 2ο quverdhk bnpo qd`fq eh` e``dhk pof fuvepdnhq< \ρ h ‑ ¹ / ρ x , ρ t $ Y X2 , π q X 2 9 ³ /ρ x ) ρ t $ X 2 , π xt X 2

podq pof fuvepdnh ng adracf ng re`dvq \ 5 .0/ρ x ) ρ t $ X 2 , π xt X 2Y X5.2

Gdkvrf 2(01 QDKH ANHWFHPDNHQ=

Pof qdkh anhwfhpdnhq vqf` nh pof adracf {dcc bf# gnr hnriec qprfqq# znqdpdwf pn rdkop eh` hfkepdwf pn pof cfgp ng pof nrdkdh( Qofer qprfqqfq {odao idkop bf `fqardbf` eq prtdhk pn aevqf e acnal{dqf rnpepdnh ng eh fcfifhp erf zcnppf` ebnwf pof ebqadqqe exdq d(f# –znqdpdwf’ eh` qofer qprfqqfq ezzferdhk eq ehpacnal{dqf rnpepdnh erf zcnppf` ebnwf pof exdq d(f# –hfkepdwf’( Iexdivi qofer qprfqq= π qiex 9 \5 .0/ρ x ) ρ t $X2 , π xt X 2 Y X 5.2 π xt

zcehf nh {odao iexdivi qofer qprfqq eapq dq aecavcepf` bt pof gnrivce peh 2ο 9 ) /ρ x ) ρ t . 2 π xt$

zrdhadzcf qprfqqfq eh` zcehfq= ρ59/ ρ x ,ρ t$.2 , ¹ \ρ x ) ρ t $X2 ,0π xt X 2Y X5.2 ρ 2 9/ ρ x ,ρ t$.2 ‑ 5.2\ρ x ) ρ t $X2 ,0π xt X 2Y X5.2 zcehfq= ο 9 ¹ peh )5 / 2πxt. ρx)ρt$ iexdivi qofer qprfqq dh pfriq ng zrdhadzec qprfqqfq= π qiex 9 ¹ /ρ5 /ρ5 ) ρ 2$

2(50 /b$ inor qprfqq adracf dh porff `difhqdnhec qpepf ng qprfqq=

gdkvrf 2(00

pn nbpedh pof prvf iexdivi qofer qprfqq gnr vqf dh `fqdkh aecavcepdnhq dp dq hfafqqert pn anhqd`fr ecc porff zrdhadzec zcehfq( Pof porff `difhqdnhec fcfifhp qvbmfapf` pn pof zrdhadzec qprfqqfq dq anhqd`frf`( Pof zrdhadzec qprfqq ρ 1 dq }frn dh podq zrdhadzec aeqf bfaevqf nhct zcehf qprfqq anh`dpdnh dq anhqd`frf`( Anhqd`frdhk feao ng pof porff zrdhadzec qprfqqfq pn bf cebfcf` eq 5# 2 eh` 1 dp dq znqqdbcf pn anhqprvap pof Inor—q `dekrei gnr feao( Pofh pof aniznqdpf Inor—q `dekrei dq anhqprvapf` bt qvzfrdiznqdhk pofqf `dekreiq pofh fhebcfq pof iexdivi qofer qprfqq dh pof iepfrdec pn bf `fpfridhf`(

gdkvrf 2(06 \52Y

2(56

ATCDH@FR VH@FR ZRFQQVRF=

E

fuvepdnh E<

AEQF QPV@T = QPRFQQ EHECTQDQ NG PODAL [ECCF@ ATCDH@FR=

Gdkvrf ;( Inor+q adracf gnr e porff)`difhqdnhec qpepf ng qprfqq

AEQF QPV@T= PODH [ECCF@ [ECCF@ POFRNT EZZCDF@ PN PN ATCDH@RDAEC EHECTQDQ

ANIBDHF@ QPRFQQFQ DH ZRFQQVRF WFQQFCQ=

PODH)[ECCF@ ZRFQQVRF WFQQFC=

podh){eccf` zrfqqvrf wfqqfc

E

Atcdh`rdaec podh){eccf` zrfqqvrf wfqqfc qon{dhk an)nr`dhepf exfq Eh` avppdhk zcehfq / e# b eh` a$

grff bn`t `dekrei ng qfkifhp ng atcdh`rdaec zrfqqvrf wfqqfc qon{dhk zrfqqvrf eh` dhpfrhec onnz qprfqqfq

grff bn`t `dekrei ng fh` qfapdnh ng atcdh`rdaec podh){eccf` zrfqqvrf wfqqfc qon{dhk zrfqqvrf eh` dhpfrhec exdec qprfqq

QZOFRDAEC ZRFQQVRF WFQQFC=

Qzofrdaec zrfqqvrf wfqqfc aeh bf ehect}f` dh pof qdidcer {et eq pof atcdh`rdaec zrfqqvrf wfqqfc( Pof exdec qprfqqfq rfqvcpq grni pof zrfqqvrf eapdhk nh pof zrnmfapf` erfe ng pof qzofrf qvao poep<

A

grff bn`t `dekrei ng fh` qfapdnh ng qzofrdaec podh){eccf` zrfqqvrf wfqqfc qon{dhk zrfqqvrf eh` dhpfrhec onnz eh` exdec qprfqqfq

Ehectqdq ng fuvepdnh E eh` A qon{q poep fcfifhp fdpofr atcdh`rdaec nr qzofrdaec dq qvbmfapf` pn bdexdec qprfqqfq / e hnriec qprfqq eapdhk dh p{n `drfapdnh$

PODAL [ECCF@ ZRFQQVRF WFQQFC=

qprfqq `dqprdbvpdnh ng re`dec eh` onnz qprfqqfq

fceqpdadpt ifpon` dq vqf` gnr podal {eccf` zrfqqvrf wfqqfc dp dq wfrt `dggdavcp nhct rfqvcpq erf `dqzcetf`

\51Y

AOEZPFR ! 0 @FQDKH NG ZRFQQVRF WFQQFC

ANHPFHPQ=  Qviiert  @dekrei  Iepfrdec Zrnzfrpdfq  Qofcc ' Zcepf `fqdkh  Ofe` `fqdkh  H)5 0jj qao)57:  H)2 0jj qao)57: nh ofe`  H)5'H)2 Gcehkfq  H)1 5jjHZP7:::! O(azck  H)0'H)6 0jj zrnafqq anhh  I)5 52jjx57jj I[T nh qofcc  I)2 52jjx57jj I[T nh Ofe`  Wfqqfc [fdkop ' Wncvif  Cdgpdhk Cvkq

Zrfqqvrf Wfqqfc @fqdkh Qviiert= ZWF Qeizcf Wfqqfcq Qeizcf Wfrpdaec Wfqqfc Qeizcf 0 Qeizcf 0 Qeizcf 0 7:" 52:" 251 Hnh)cfpoec 7::: 54::: 54::: Iexdivi Dhpfrhec zrfqqvrf# zqd

Nvpqd`f @deifpfr \dhaoY qpredkop Qofcc /hnp dhacv`dhk qpredkop gcehkf nh ofe`q$ Wncvif \avgpY Gcvd` /wecvf grni Iepfrdec Zrnzfrpdfq$ [fdkop Fizpt \cbq(Y [fdkop Gvcc [fdkop Vh`fr Pfqp Iexdivi Fxpfrhec Zrfqqvrf# zqd Ep Pfizfrepvrf# ½G

56: Iexdivi Pfizfrepvrf# ½G

: Idhdivi Pfizfrepvrf# ½G

52: Pfqp Zrfqqvrf# zqd

546 :(;6 :(1 QE)657 Kr(;: 2:#::: :(:41;6 Hn Hn Hnhf :(526 EQIF WDDD)5 2::; ) DD@ Hnhf

Avqpnifr Wfqqfc Zerp Hvibfr @re{dhk Mnb

)2: Ep e Idhdivi Pfizfrepvrf ng= ½G

Eibdfhp

52: Ep Zrfqqvrf# zqd

56: Gnr e Idhdivi @vrepdnh ng=

5.2 or

Iexdivi Eccn{f` [nrldhk Zrfqqvrf Iexdivi @fqdkh Ifpec Pfizfrepvrf Ot`rnqpepda Pfqp

Qfdqida ]nhf Gnvhèpdnh Geapnr Zrdiert Iepfrdec ng Anhqprvapdnh Eccn{ebcf Qprfqq Idhdivi eccn{f` podalhfqq zfr VK)57/b$ Iepfrdec Hnriecd}f` Iepfrdec Dizeap Pfqpf` /hnp rfuvdrf` zfr VK)2:/g$$ Re`dnkrezot rfuvdrf` Anrrnqdnh Eccn{ehaf An`f F`dpdnh E``fhè Iepfrdecq

VK)22 Cne`dhkq Anhqd`frf` /e$ Dhpfrhec zrfqqvrf Tfq Hn /e$ Fxpfrhec zrfqqvrf Tfq /b$ Wfqqfc {fdkop gvcc# fizpt eh` ep ot`rn Hn pfqp /a$ [fdkop ng eppeaof` fuvdzifhp eh` zdzdhk /`$/5$ Eppeaoifhp ng dhpfrhecq Hn /`$/2$ Eppeaoifhp ng wfqqfc qvzznrpq Tfq /`$ Atacda nr `theida rfeapdnhq Hn /g$ [dh` Hn /g$ Qhn{ Hn /g$ Qfdqida Tfq /k$ Gcvd` dizeap qonal rfeapdnhq Hn /o$ Pfizfrepvrf kre`dfhpq Hn /o$ @dggfrfhpdec pofriec fxzehqdnh Hn /d$ Ebhnriec zrfqqvrfq cdlf `fgcekrepdnh Hn

An`f Aeqfq Rfuvdrf`

5

Iepfrdec Zrnzfrpdfq

wfr

2

Qeizcf Wfrpdaec Wfqqfc 3) Wfqqfc

1 0 6 7 ; ? 4 5: 55 52 51 50 56 57

@fqdkh Zrfqqvrf 56:(: :(: [epfr( grfqo 52(::: 5(::: @fqdkh Zrfqqvrf 9

VK)

3) Z# dhpfrhec nzfrepdhk zrfqqvrf ep pnz ng wfqqfc /zqdk$ 3) iZe# fxpfrhec nzfrepdnh zrfqqvrf 3) Nzfrepdhk Gcvd` 3) o# gcvd` ofdkop /gp$ 3) ron# gcvd` `fhqdpt /5(: gnr {epfr$ Z , :(0115-ron-o 9 56: , :(0115 - 5 - 52

Ot`rn Pfqp

/VK)44/b$$ Pfqp Zrfqq 9 Z - 5(1 - IR

Iepfrdec

5;

zrfqqvrf ifeqvrf` ep pnz ng wfqqfc# rnvh`f` vz rnvh`f` vz

9 56: - 5(1 - 5

iPz 9 546

/EQIF DD@$ 52: 3) iPfiz# `fqdkh pfiz ½G Iepfrdec

i@z 9 566(2

[ofrf Vqf`

5?

Pfqp ep eibdfhp pfiz Eibdfh p @fqdkh Qprfhkpo Qprfhkpo Qprfhkpo Repdn 2:::: 2:::: 5( 5 (::: 5;5:: 5;5:: 5( 5 (:::

5::: 5:::

Fxp Krezo AQ)2 AQ)2

5(:::

56::

OE)2

2::::

5( 5 (:::

5:::

AQ)2

5;5::

5;5::

5( 5 (:::

76:

AQ)2

26:::

26:::

5(:::

5:::

Idh Repdn /IR$ 9

5(:::

54

QE)657 ;: Zcepf

2:

QE)5:7 B Qfeicfqq Zdzf

Qofcc# Ofe`q Hn}}cfq# Ieh{et

25

QE)20: 157 Zcepf

Gcehkf Ze`q

2::::

2::::

22

QE)5:6 Gnrkdhk

Gcehkfq# Anvzcdhkq

2::::

21

QE.AQE)K0:(25 00[ /1?[ Qprfqqfq vqf`$

Cfkq

20

QE)541 B; Bncpq 39 2(6"

26 27 2; 2? 24 1: 15 12 11 10 16 17 1; 1? 14 0: 05 02 01 00 06 07 0; 0?

Iex ½G

5

Zdzf eh` Qofcc = Rnccf` Zcepf Qofcc @fqardzpdnh

2 1 0 6 7 ; ? 4 5: 55 52 51 50 56 57 5; 5? 54 2: 25 22 21 20 26

Dhpfrdnr Hn Fxpfrdnr Rnccf` Zcepf Hnh)Porfe`f` Hn

dz> ) Aecavcepf dhpfrdnr zrfqqvrf fz> ) Aecavcepf fxpfrdnr zrfqqvrf zr> ) Zdzf nr rnccf` zcepf zp> ) Ptzf ng zdzf rfcdfg> ) Qprfqq Rfcdfg Aecavcepdnhq Rfuvdrf`

@difhqdnhq= 7:(::: :(6::: :(:40 52:(::: :(526

@n \dhY ) nvpqd`f `deifpfr p \dhY ) hnidhec {ecc podalhfqq pidhVK57b \dhY ) idhdivi {ecc zfr VK)57/b$ C \dhY ) cfhkpo gnr wncvif eh` {fdkop Anrr \dhY ) anrrnqdnh eccn{ehaf

Werdebcfq=

15 12 11

P` 9 VP \dhY 9 hp \dhY 9 Rd \dhY 9 Wncvif \avgpY 9 [fdkop \cbY 9

pidh 3 :(6-/@n.2$ Z3 :(1?6-Q-Fc

:(::: p-VPZ,VPD p)Anrr)VP)P` @n.2)hp //@n.2)p$X2$- -C.5;2? /@n)p$- -C-p-0:(?0.500

10 16 17 1; 1? 14 0: 05 02 01 00

k h n C

o p k h f C

Qprfqq Aceqqdgdaepdnh=

2?

1:

i e f Q

HNPF= Bnpo wecd`dpt aofalq hff` pn bf "Eaafzpebcf" dh nr`fr pn vqf podq qoffp Dg hnp# rfgfr pn qoffp "Podal Atcdh`rdaec Qofcc"

2;

24

p

Iepfrdec eh` Anh`dpdnhq= QE)657 ;: Iepfrdec 2:#::: Q \zqdY ) eccn{ebcf qprfqq cfwfc :(;: Fc ) cnhkdpv`dhec fggdadfhat /adra( qprfqq$ :(;: Fa ) adra( anhhfapdhk fggdadfhat /cnhkdpv`dhec qprfqq$ :(:::& VPZ \&Y ) vh`frpncfrehaf eccn{ehaf :(::: VPD \dhY ) vh`frpncfrehaf eccn{ehaf 566(2: Z \zqdY ) dhpfrdnr zrfqqvrf

alWecd`dpt5 9 alWecd`dpt2 9

27

@n

Nzpdnhq=

:(115 3 :(6-/7:.2$ 9 Eaafzpebcf 566(23 :(1?6-2::::-:(; 9 Eaafzpebcf

:9 :(6-:,: 9 :(6):(526):): 9 7:.2):(1;6 9 //7:.2):(6$X2$-1(5057-52:.5;2? 9

:(::: :(::: :(1;6 24(726 5?4(?64

/7:):(6$-1(5057-52:-:(6-0:(?0.500 9 15?:(?0

Dhpfrdnr Zrfqqvrf= WDDD)5 VK)2;/a$/5#2$ pe \dhY 9 Z-Rd./Q-Fc):(7-Z$ pb \dhY 9 Z-Rd./2-Q-Fa,:(0-Z$ Z-Rd./2-Q-Fa,:(0-Z$ pidh \dhY 9 IE_/pe#pb#pidhVK57b$ Z-Rd./Q-5):(7-Z$ pr5 \dhY 9 Z-Rd./Q-5):(7-Z$ Aofalp 9 pidh 39 hp

566(2-24(726./2::::-:(;):(7-566(2$ 566(2-24(726./2::::-:(; ):(7-566(2$ 9 566(2-24(726./2-2::::-:(;,:(0-566(2$ 9 566(2-24(726./2-2::::-:(;,:(0-566(2$ IE_/:(115#:(570#:(:40$ 9 566(2-24(726./2::::-5):(7-566(2$ 566(2-24(726./2::::5):(7-566(2$ 9 :(115 39 :(1;6 9

:(115 :(570 :(115 :(215 Eaafzpebcf

ZIexE \zqdY 9 /Q-Fc-hp$./Rd,:(7-hp$ ZIexB \zqdY 9 /2-Q-Fa-hp$./Rd):(0-hp$ /2-Q-Fa-hp$./Rd):(0-hp$ ZIex \zqdY 9 Idh/ZIexE#ZIexB$ AofalZ 9 ZIex 89 Z

/2::::-:(;-:(1;6$./24(726,:(7-:(1;6$ 9 /2::::-:(;-:(1;6$./24(726,:(7-:(1;6$ /2-2::::-:(;-:(1;6$./24(726):(0-:(1;6$ /2-2::::-:(;-:(1;6$./24(726):(0-:(1;6$ 9 IDH/5;7#167$ 9 5;7 89 566(2 9

5;7 167 5;7 Eaafzpebcf

14

Ofe`q =

Pnrdqzofrdaec

0:

Qeizcf Wfrpdaec Wfqqfc 3) Wfqqfc G ' @ Ofe`q 3) @fqa

22 02 01 00 06 0? 04 65 61 60 66 67 6; 6? 64 7: 75 76 77 74 ;: ;0 ;6

@difhqdnhq= 7:(::: 7:(::: 1(7:: :(;6: :(7;6 :(:40 :(526 5(6::

3) @n# nvpqd`f `deifpfr 3) C# dhqd`f arn{h re`dvq 3) DLR# dhqd`f lhvalcf re`dvq 3) pb# podalhfqq bfgnrf gnridhk 3) pg# podalhfqq egpfr gnridhk 3) pidhVK57/b$ ) Idh(p( Zfr VK)57/b$ 3) Anrr# anrrnqdnh eccn{ehaf 3) Qldrp# qpredkop qldrp cfhkpo

Iepfrdec eh` Anh`dpdnhq= QE)657 ;: 3) iepfrdec 2:#::: 3) Q# eccn{ebcf qprfqq cfwfc /zqd$ :(?6 3) F# fggdadfhat 566(2 3) Z# dhpfrdnr zrfqqvrf :(: 3) Ze# fxpfrdnr zrfqqvrf Aecavcepf` Zrnzfrpdfq= 7?(; 3) Ezzrnx( bcehl `de /dhao$ ;?4(6 3) Ezzrnx( {fdkop /cbq# qpffc$

;7 ;? 556 557 521 526 527 52? 515

55(77 3) Wncvif /avgp# dhacv`fq qldrp$ 60(6;0 3) Qzofrdaec Cdidp 4(;;:561 3) @fzpo ng Ofe`

Werdebcfq= @9 p9 C .r 9 .r 9 I9 Rn 9

@n)2-p pg)anrr C.DLR :(26-/1,qurp/C.dlr$$ C , pb

9 7:)2-:(66 9 :(7;6):(526 9 7:.1(7 9 :(26-/1,qurp/7:.1(7$$ 9 7: , :(;6

@9 p9 C .r 9 .r 9 I9 Rn 9

9 :(:::693:(7;6.7:3:(::2

pg.C 9 :(:551

51;

Dhpfrdnr Zrfqqvrf Ezz 5)0/e$# Ezz 5)0/`$= Ezz( 5)0/e$ aofal= :(:::6 93 pg.C 3 :(::2

51?

DG/pg.C3:(::2#DG/pg.C89:(:::6#"Aecavcepdnh DG/pg.C3:(::2#DG/pg.C89 :(:::6#"Aecavcepdnh rfuvdrf`"#"Frrnr"$#"Aecavcepdnh hnp rfuvdrf`"$

510

505 502 507 504 56: 561 56; 56? 564 576 577 57; 5;; 5?: 5?5 5?0 5?6 5?7 5?; 5?? 5?4 54: 545

PIdhD 9 9 PIdh 9 ZIex 9 9

6?(4: :(66 57(77; 5(;;5 7:(;6:

Ezz( 5)0/g$ aecavcepdnh hnp rfuvdrf`

/Z-C-I$./2-Q-F ) :(2-Z$ 39 p /566(54;-7:-5(;;5$./2-2::::-:(?6 ) :(2-566(54;$ 39 :(66 Iex/Pidhc#pidhVK57/b$$39pg)anrr Eaafzpebcf /2-Q-F-p$./C-I , :(2-p$ 89 Z /2-2::::-:(?6-:(66$. Eaafzpebcf /7:-5(;;5 , :(2-:(66$ 89 566(54;

PidhD 9 :(0?6 PIdh 9 :(0?6 ZIex 9 5;6(?

Dhpfrdnr Zrfqqvrf gnr Hn}}cfq Ezz 5)0/e$# Ezz 5)0/`$# VK)1;/e$/5$= PIdhF5 9 /Z-C-I$./2-Q-5 ) :(2-Z$ 39 p /Hn}}cf dh Lhvalcf$ PIdhF5 9 :(051 9 /566(54;-7:-5(;;5$./2-2::::-5 ) :(2-566(54;$ 39 :(66 PQz 9 /Z-C-5$./2-Q-5 ) :(2-Z$ /566(54;-7:-5$. /Hn}}cf dh Arn{h$ Pqz 9 :(211 9 /2-2::::-5 ) :(2-566(54;$ Ofe` qprfqq rfcdfg VAQ);4/`$# VHG);4/`$# VOE)00/`$ Rg 9 DLR,pb.2 9 1(7,:(;6.2 & fcnhk 9 //;6-pb$.Rg$-/5)Rg.Rn$ 9 //;6-:(;6$.1(4;6$-/5$ 6(:& 3) Iex Fcnhkepdnh 50(2& 3) Fcnhkepdnh Tfq 3) Anc` Gnrif` hn 3) Wfqqfc aerrdfq cfpoec qvbqpehafq/Tfq.hn$ hn 3) Dizeap pfqpdhk dq rfuvdrf` /Tfq.hn$ hn 3) Gnrif` bfp{ffh 26: eh` 4:: @fkrffq G hn 3) Krfepfr poeh 5:& rf`vapdnh dh podalhfqq Tfq 3) Ofe` dq krfepfr poeh 6.?" podal bfgnrf gnridhk

Rg 9 1(4;6 & fcnhkepdnh 9 50(2 Rfuvdrf` Tfq > hn hn hn hn hn hn hn hn Tfq > TFQ Qprfqq Rfcdfwf > TFQ

1:

Hn}}cf Rfdhgnrafifhp

V[57/a$ 3) Qewf`@fqdkh Evpniepda ò ) hnp odccqd`f Evpniepda Cdidp @deifpfr Avrwf` Qofcc nr Ofe` Qfapdnh

15

Qeizcf Wfrpdaec Wfqqfc 3) Wfqqfc H5 ) 0" QAO 57: Zdzf 3) @fqardzpdnh

22 11 10 16 17 1; 1? 14 0: 05 02 01 00 06 07 0; 0? 04 6: 65 60 66 6; 6? 75 ;5 ;0 ?; ?? 4: 46 5:5 5:2 5:? 555 52; 511 505 502 501 506 507 50? 504 5?: 5?5 5?2 5?1 2:; 2:? 2:4 252 256 257 254 22: 226 227 21: 215 20: 204 26:

Qofcc= QE)657 ;: 3) Qofcc Iepfrdec @n 2:#::: 3) Qw# qofcc eccn{ebcf qprfqq cfwfc# ZQD 5(:: 3) F5# fggdadfhat ng qofcc ep hn}}cf Hp 64(:: 3) @q# Qofcc D@ :(6:: 3) Wp# qofcc {ecc podal# vhanrrn`f`# VP rfinwf` :(215 3) pr# rfuvdrf` qofcc {ecc podalhfqq dhp( zrfqq(/F95$ p :(::: 3) prF# rfuvdrf` qofcc {ecc podalhfqq fxp( zrfqq( Cfk05 f :(526 /F95$ c } :(:40 3) qae# qofcc anrrnqdnh eccn{ehaf } n Cfk0 5 Qof cc Hn}}cf= H QE)5:7B 3) Hn}}cf Iepfrdec 5;#5:: 3) Qh# eccn{ebcf qprfqq cfwfc /Qh$ Wp 5;#7:: 3) B# grni E 9 :(:464: 5(:: 3) F# hn}}cf fggdadfhat 566(2: 3) Z# dhpfrhec `fqdkh zrfqqvrf V[)57 (5 /a$ :(: 3) Ze# fxpfrhec `fqdkh zrfqqvrf 0(6:: 3) @n# nvpqd`f `deifpfr :(615 3) Hp# {ecc podal# vhanrrn`f` 52(6& 3) VPz# vh`frpncfrehaf /&$ :(526 3) hae# hn}}cf anrrnqdnh 7(::: eccn{ehaf Rfdhgnradhk= :(1;6 3) Cfk05# qd}f ng {fc` gdccfp 5(::: 3) G Werdebcfq= Vh`frpncfrehaf VP 9 Hp-VPz 9 :(615 - :(526 VP 9 :(:77 Fggfapdwf Re`dvq Rh 9 @n.2 ) /Hp)hae$ , VP 9 0(6.2 ) /:(615):(526$ , :(:77 Rh 9 5(45: p 9 Wp)qae p 9 :(1;6 Fggfapdwf Qofcc Podalhfqq Qofcc Podalhfqq 9 :(6 ) :(526 ph 9 Hp)hae @n) ph 9 :(0:7 Ewedc( Hn}}cf Podal( Hn VP 9 :(615):(526 ` 9 2-ph ` 9 1(7?? Nzfhdhk @de( Nzfhdhk @de( 9 0(6 ) 2-:(0:7 gr5 9 IDH/Qh.Qw#5$ gr5 9 :(?66 9 IDH/5;5::.2::::# 5$ gr2 9 IDH/Qh.Qw#5$ gr2 9 :(?66 9 IDH/5;5::.2::::# 5$ paCfk05 9 Idh/:(26#:(;-Idh/:(;6#ph#p$$ pa05 9 :(26: 9 Idh/:(26#:(;-Idh/:(;6#:(0:7#: Idh/:(26#:(;-Idh/:(;6#:(0:7#:(1;6$$ (1;6$$ G 9 Idh/Gfhpfrfrf`# 5$ G 9 5(::: Zdzf Rfuvdrf` [ecc Podalhfqq ) prh grni dhpfrhec# prhF grni fxpfrhec C@n 9 C.@n C@n 9 5(111 @np 9 @n.prhF @np 9 :(::: prh 9 /Z-Rh$./Qh-F ) :(7-Z$ 39 ph)VP 9 /566(2-5(45$./5;5::-5 ) :(7-566(2$ prh 9 :(:5; Eaafzpebcf prhR 9 :(:5; prhR 9 /Z-Rh$./Qh-5 ) :(7-Z$ 9 /566(2-5(45$./5;5::-5 ) :(7-566(2$ F95 prhF 9 :(::: prhF 9 /1-@n-Ze$./0-B$ 39 ph)vp 9 /1-0(6-:$./0-5;7::$ Eaafzpebcf Kfnifprt Anhqpredhpq= :(;-Cfk05 89 pa05 :(;-: :(;-:(1; (1;6 6 89 89 :(26 :(26 :(271 89 :(26: Eaafzpebcf Ezzfh`dx 5); Hfafqqert {ofh @q87:#dg/[email protected]#dg/2-Rh390:# "Ezz( 5); aecavcepdnhq hnp rfuvdrf`"#"Ezz( 5); aecavcepdnhq rfuvdrf`"$#"Ezz( 5); aecavcepdnhq rfuvdrf`"$ {ofh @q397:#dg/[email protected]#dg/2-Rh32:#"Ezz( 5); aecavcepdnhq hnp rfuvdrf`"#"Ezz( 5); aecavcepdnhq rfuvdrf`"$#"Ezz( 5); aecavcepdnhq rfuvdrf`"$ Erfe Rfzceafifhp= Gdk VK)1;(5 Zrfq Zrfqqv qvrf rf Grni Grni== Dhpfr Dhpfrhe hecc Fxpf Fxpfrh rhec ec E 9 5(:-`-pr-G , 2-ph-pr-G-/5)gr5$ E Rfuvdrf` /dhpfrhec$ 9 :(?;4 9 5(:-1(7??-:(215-5 5(:-1(7??-:(215-5 , 2-:(0:7-:(215-5-/5) 2-:(0:7-:(215-5-/5) E Rfuvdrf` /fxpfrhec$ 9 :(::: Ef 9 :(6-/` :(6-/`-prF -prF-5 -5 , 2-ph-prF2-ph-prF-5-/ 5-/5)gr5 5)gr5$$ $$ 9 :(6-/1(7 :(6-/1(7????-:-5 :-5 , 2-:(0:7 2-:(0:7-:-:-5-/5 5-/5)) E5 9 iex/`# 2-/p,ph$$ - /F5-p)G-pr$)2-ph-/F5-p)G-pr$-/5)gr 5$ E5 9 :(650 9 iex/1(7??#2-/:(1;6,:(0:7$$- /5-:(1;6)5-:(215$)2-:(0:7-/5-:(1;6)5-:(215$-/5) E5f 9 :(?66$ E5f 9 5(114 9 iex/`# 2-/p,ph$$ - /F5-p)G-prF$)2-ph-/F5-p)G-prF$-/5)gr 5$ E2 9 iex/1(7??#2-/:(1;6,:(0:7$$- /5-:(1;6)5-:$)2-:(0:7-/5-:(1;6)5-:$-/5) E2 9 :(721 9 :(?66$ idh//ph)prhR$-gr2-Idh/6-p#2-C$ # /ph)prhR$-gr2-Idh/6-ph#2-C$$ E2f 9 idh//:(0:7):(:5;$-:(?66-Idh/6-:(1;6#2-7$ # /:(0:7):(:5;$-:(?66-Idh/6-:(0:7#2-7$$ E2f 9 :(765 9 idh//ph)prhF$-gr2-Idh/6-p#2-C$ # /ph)prhF$-gr2-Idh/6-ph#2-C$$ E05 9 Cfk05X2-gr 2 9 :(1;6X2-:(?66 E05 9 :(52: :(52: Eapvec Erfe 9 5(26; 2(55: Eapvec)Rfuvdrf` 9 :(1;? Eaafzpebcf 2(55: Pqp` 9 Q{rf 9 Heap 9 Pp 9

115 112 111 110 116 117 11; 11? 114 10: 105 102

Qpehèr` zdzf {ecc podalhfqq grni pr - Ze . Z 9 :(215 - : . 566(54; Hp - /5)VPz$ 9 :(615 - /5):(526$ :(?.Hpo 9 :(?.:

Rfu( Fxpfrdnr zrfqqvrf Fxpfrdnr zrfqqvrf

VK)06 VK06 9 VK06e 9 VK06b 9 VK06b5 9 VK06b2 9 VK06b1 9 VK06b0 9

Iex/VK06e# VK06b$ 39 Heap Iex/prh#prhF$ , Hae , Pp Idh/VK06b1#VK06b0$ Iex/pr , Qae# pidh57b , Qae$ Iex/Q{rf , Qae#pidh57b , Qae$ Iex/ VK06b5#VK06b2$ VK06b5#VK06b2$ Pqp`-:(?;6 , Hae

9 Iex/:(502# :(112$ 39 :(076 9 Iex/:(:5;#:$ , :(526 , : 9 Idh/:(167# :(112$ 9 Iex/:(215 , :(526# :(:40 , :(526$ 9 Iex/: , :(526#:(:40 , :(526$ 9 Iex/:(167#$ 9 :(21;-:(?;6 , :(526

Eapvec [ecc Podal( Vk)15/a$/2$ porfe`q

Pqp` 9 Q{rf 9 Heap 9 Pp 9

:(21; :(::: :(076 :(::: Eaafzpebcf VK06 9 :(112 VK06e 9 :(502 VK06b 9 :(112 VK06b5 9 :(167 VK06b2 9 VK06b1 9 :(167 VK06b0 9 :(112

1:

Hn}}cf Rfdhgnrafifhp Evpniepda ò ) hnp odcc odccq qd`f Evpniepda Cdidp @d @deifpfr Avrwf` Qofcc nr Ofe` Qfapd Qfap dnh

15

Qeizcf Wfrpdaec Wfqqfc 3) Wfqqfc H2 ) 0" QAO 57: Zdzf nh Bnp( Ofe` 3) @fqardzp @fqardzpdnh

22 11 10 16 17 1; 14 0: 05 02 01 00 06 07 0; 0? 04 6: 65 60 66 6; 6? 75 ;5 ;0 ?; ?? 4: 46 5:5 5:2 5:? 555 52; 511 505 502 501 506 507 50? 504 2:; 2:? 2:4 252 256 257 254 22: 226 227 21: 215 20: 204 26:

Qofcc= Qofcc= QE)657 ;: 3) Qofcc Iep Iepfrdec @n 2:# 2:#::: 3) Qw# qofcc eccn{ebcf qprfqq cfwfc# ZQD 5(:: 3) F5# fggdadfhat ng qofcc ep hn}}cf Hp :(6:: 3) Wp# qofcc {ecc podal# vhanrrn`f`# VP rfinwf` :(211 3) pr# rfuvdrf` qofcc {ecc podalhfqq dhp( zrfqq(/F95$ :(::: 3) prF# rfuvdrf` qofcc {ecc podalhfqq fxp( zrfqq(/F95$ p :(526 3) qae# qofcc anrrnqdnh eccn{ehaf Cfk05 f :(:40 3) pidh57b# Idh eccn{f` {ecc zfr VK)57/b$ c } Hn}}cf= } Qofcc n Cfk Cfk0 5 QE)5:7B 3) Hn}}cf Iep Iepfrdec H 5;# 5;#5:: 3) Qh# eccn{ebcf qprfqq cfwfc /Qh$ 5;# 5;#7:: 3) B# grni E 9 : (:464: Wp 5(:: 3) F# hn}}cf fgg fgg dadfhat dadfhat 566( 566(2: 3) Z# dhpfrhec `fqdkh zrfqqvrf :(: 3) Ze# fxpfrhec `fqdkh zrfqqvrf V[) V[) 57(5 57(5 /a$ 0(6:: 3) @n# nvpqd`f `deifp `deifpfr :(615 3) Hp# {ecc podal# vhanrrn`f` 52( 52(6& 3) VPz# vh`frpncfrehaf /&$ :(526 3) hae# hn}}cf anrrnqdnh eccn{ehaf 7(::: 3) C# fxpfrdnr Zrnmfapdnh Rfd Rfd hgnra hgnra d d hk= hk= :(1;6 3) Cfk05# qd}f ng {fc` g dccfp dccfp 5(::: 3) G Werdebc Werdebc fq= fq= VP 9 Hp-VPz 9 :(615 - :( :(526 VP 9 Vh`frpncfrehaf Fggfapdwf Re`dvq Rh 9 @n.2 ) /Hp)hae$ , VP 9 0(6.2 ) /:(615):(526$ , :( :(:77 Rh 9 Fggfapdwf Qofcc Podalhfqq p 9 Wp)qae 9 :(6 ) :( :(526 p9 Ewedc( Hn}}cf Podal( Hn VP ph 9 Hp)hae @n) 9 :( :(615):( 615):(526 ph 9 Nzfhdhk @de( ` 9 2-ph 9 0(6 ) 2-:( 2-:(0:7 `9 gr5 9 IDH/Qh. IDH/Qh .Qw# Qw#5$ 9 IDH/5;5::.2::::# 5$ gr5 9 gr2 9 IDH/Qh. IDH/Qh .Qw# Qw#5$ 9 IDH/5;5::.2::::# 5$ gr2 9 paCfk05 9 Idh/:( Idh/:(26# 26#:(;-Idh/:( ;-Idh/:(;6#p ;6#ph h#p$$ #p$$ 9 Idh/:( Idh/:(26# 26#:(;-Idh/:( ;-Idh/:(;6# ;6#:(0:7# 0:7#:(1;6$$ pa05 9 G 9 Idh/Gfhpfrfrf`# 5$ G9 Zdzf Rfuvdrf` [ecc Pod Pod alhfqq alhfqq ) prh grni dhpfrhec# prhF grni fxpfrhec zrfqqvrf C@n 9 C.@n C@n 9 5(111 @np 9 @n.pr .prhF @np 9 : (::: prh 9 /Z-Rh$./Qh-F ) :(7-Z$ 39 ph)VP 9 /566(2-5(45$./5;5::-5 ) :( :(7-566( 7-566(2$ prh 9 : (:5; prhR 9 /Z-Rh$./Qh-5 ) :( 9 /566(2-5(45$./5;5::-5 ) :( :(7-566( 7-566(2$ F95 prhR 9 : (:5; :(7-Z$ prhF 9 /1-@n-Ze$./0-B$ 39 ph)vp 9 /1-0( /1-0(6-:$. 6-:$./0-5;7::$ prhF 9 : (::: Kfnifprt Anhqpred Anhqpre d hpq= hpq= :(;:(;-:( :(1; 1;6 6 89 :(26 : (271 89 : (26: :(;-Cfk05 89 pa05 Erfe Rfzceafifhp= Gdk VK)1;(5 Zrfqqvrf Grni= Dhpfrhec E 9 5(:-`-pr-G , 2-ph-pr-G-/5)g 2-ph-pr-G-/5)g r5$ r5$ E Rfuvdrf` /dhpfrhec$ 9 : (??; 9 5(:-1(7??-:(211-5 , 2-:( 2-: (0:7-:( 0:7-:(211-5-/5):( 211-5-/5):(?66$ E Rfuvdrf` /fxpfrhec$ 9 Ef 9 :(6-/`-prF-5 , 2-ph-prF-5-/5)g 2-ph-prF-5-/5)g r5$$ r 5$$ 9 :(6:(6-/1 /1(7 (7?? ??-: -:--5 , 2-: 2-:(0:7-:-5-/5):( 0:7-:-5-/5):(?66$$ E5 9 iex/`# 2-/p,ph$$ - /F5-p)G-pr$)2-ph-/F5-p)G-pr$-/ 5)g 5)g r5$ r5$ E5 9 : (6:; 9 iex/1(7??#2-/:(1;6,:(0:7$$- /5-:( /5-: (1;6)5-:( 1;6)5-:(211$)2-:( 211$)2-:(0:7-/5-:( 0:7-/5-:(1;6)5-:( 1;6)5-:(211$-/5):( 211$-/5):(?66$ /F5-p)G-prF$)2-ph-/F5-p)G-prF$-/5)g g r5$ r5$ E5f 9 E5f 9 iex/`# 2-/p,ph$$ - /F5-p)G-prF$)2-ph-/F5-p)G-prF$-/5) 9 iex/1(7??#2-/:(1;6,:(0:7$$- /5-:( /5-: (1;6)5-:$)2-:( 1;6)5-:$)2-:(0:7-/5-:( 0:7-/5-:(1;6)5-:$-/5):( 1;6)5-:$-/5):(?66$ /ph)p h)prhR$-gr2-Idh/6-ph# rhR$-gr2-Idh/6-ph#2-C$$ E2 9 : (721 E2 9 idh//ph)prhR$-gr2-Idh/6-p#2-C$ # /p 9 idh//:(0:7):(:5;$-:(?66-Idh/6-:(1;6#2-7$ # /:( /: (0:7):( 0:7):(:5;$-:( :5;$-:(?66-Idh/6-:( ?66-Idh/6-: (0:7# 0:7#2-7$$ E2f 9 idh//ph)prhF$-gr2-Idh/6-p#2-C$ # /p /ph)p h)prhF$-gr2-Idh/6-ph# rhF$-gr2-Idh/6-ph #2-C$$ E2f 9 9 idh//:(0:7):$-:(?66-Idh/6-:(1;6#2-7$ # /:( /: (0:7):$-:( 0:7):$-:(?66-Idh/6-:( ?66-Idh/6-: (0:7# 0:7#2-7$$ 9 :(1;6X2-:( 1;6X2-:(?66 E05 9 : (52: E05 9 Cfk05X2-gr2 Eapvec Erfe 9 5(26: Eaafzpebcf Eapvec)Rfuvdrf` 9 : (170 Pqp` 9 Q{rf 9 Heap 9 Pp 9

115 112 111 110 116 117 11; 11? 114 10: 105 102

Qpehèr` zdzf {ecc podalhfqq grni aoerp pr - Ze . Z 9 :(211 - : . 566( 566 (54; Hp - /5)VPz$ 9 :(615 - /5):( /5):(526$ :(?.Hpo 9 :( :(?.:

VK)06 VK06 9 VK06e 9 VK06b 9 VK06b5 9 VK06b2 9 VK06b1 9 VK06b0 9

Iex/VK06e# VK06b$ 39 Heap Iex/prh#prhF$ , Hae , Pp Idh/VK06b1# Idh/VK06b1#VK06b0$ Iex/pr , Qae# pidh57b , Qae$ Iex/Q{rf , Qae#pidh57b , Qae$ Iex/VK06b5# Iex/VK06b5#VK06b2$ Pqp`-:(?;6 , Hae

9 9 9 9 9 9 9

: (21; : (::: Eapvec [ecc Podal( : (076 Vk)15/a$/2$ porfe`q : (::: Eaafzpebcf Iex/:(502# :(112$ 39 :( :(076 VK06 9 : (112 Iex/:(:5;#:$ , :(526 , : VK06e 9 : (502 Idh/:(16?# :( :(112$ VK06b 9 : (112 Iex/:(211 , :(526# :(:40 , :( : (526$ VK06b5 9 : (16? Iex/: , :(526#:(:40 , :( :(526$ VK06b2 9 Iex/:( Iex/:(16?#$ VK06b1 9 : (16? :(21;-:(?;6 , :( : (526 VK06b0 9 : (112 Rfu( Fxpfrdnr zrfqqvrf


: (:77 5(45: : (1;6 : (0:7 1(7?? : (?66 : (?66 : (26: 5(:::

Eaafzpebcf Eaafzpebcf Eaafzpebcf Fxpfrhec

: (:::

5(114

: (765 : (52: 2(55: 2(55:

5?

B57(6.57(0; Gcehkf

QcdzNh

54 2: 25 22

Qeizcf Wfrpdaec Wfqqfc 3) Wfqqfc H5 ' H2 ) 0" Aceqq 56: 5 6: RGQN 3) @fqardzpdnh

21 20

Qfcfap Gcehkf QE Gnrkf` QE 5:6 56: 0(::

26 27 2; 2? 24

3) Aepfknrt 3) Iepfrdec Ptzf 3) Iepfrdec 3) Zrfqqvrf Aceqq 3) Hnidhec Qd}f

15

Hnidhec ) Pebcf ) Iex Pfiz ½G ) Zn`# zdzf N@ )

12 11 10 16 17

A)Qd 2)5(5 5::: 0(6::

Hn}}cf :(615 3) ph# Hn}}cf [ecc Podalhfqq /dhao$ :(:5; 3) phr# Rfuvdrf` Hn}}cf [ecc Podalhfqq /dhao$

1; 1? 14 0: 05 02 01

Nzfrepdhk Anh`dpdnhq 52: 3) P# pfizfrepvrf ½G 566(2 3) Z# zrfqqvrf# zqdk :(526 3) Anrr# anrrnqdnh eccn{ehaf

Eaafzpebcf Iex zrfqq J5::½G \z5Y 2?6 Iex zrfqq J52:½G \z2Y 2?:

00 06 0; 0? 04 6:

Gcehkf [fc`q= :(615 :(615 5;5:: 2::::

3) G5# zdzf gdccfp qd}f 3) G2# gcehkf gdccfp qd}f G2 3) Qz# eccn{ebcf qprfqq# zdzf 3) Qg# eccn{ebcf qprfqq# gcehkf

61 60 75 71 70 7; 7? 74 ;: ;2 ;0 ;6 ;? ;4 ?5 ?2 ?1

Kfnifprt anhqpredhp= WDDD V[)25 /b$ {pidh 9 :(;-ph {p 9 :(;-IDH/G5#G2$ 9 :(;-IDH/:(615#:(615$ [fc` Qprfhkpo= Idh Qe 9 Iex [fc` Qprfqq 9 [fc` Cne` 9 [fc` Erfe 9 9 [fc` Qprfqq 9

9 :(;-:(615

Rfu( {fc` pornep Eapvec {fc` pornep

IDH/Qz#Qg$ 9 IDH/5;5::#2::::$ Qe - :(04 9 5;5:: - :(04 [email protected] 9 0(6X2-zd-566(54;.0 Zn`-zd-/G5)anrr , G2$ 0(6-zd-/:(615):(526 , :(615$ Cne`.Erfe 9 207?(1:6.51(20;

{pidh 9 :(1;2 {p 9 :(1;2 Eaafzpebcf Idh Qe 9 Iex Q 9 Cne` 9 Erfe 9

5;#5:: ?#1;4 2#07? 51(20;

Qprfqq 9 5?7 Eaafzpebcf

56

Anvzcdhk

V[57(5]5I

57

Qeizcf Wfrpdaec Wfqqfc 3) Wfqqfc H1 ) 5" Aceqq 7::: HZP Oecg Anvzcdhk 3) @fqardzpdnh

22 5?

2:

AN@ AN @

Qofcc= :(7;6 :(211 5(?;6 566(2

21 20 27 2? 24 1: 15 12 11 16 1; 1?

Anvzcdhk= 5 dhao 7:::! QE)5:6 2:#::: :(1;6: :(:40 :(526

14 0: 02 00 07

3) 3) 3) 3)

p# Qofcc [ecc Podal /dhao$ pIdh# Idh Rfuvdrf` [ecc ep F95 /dhao$ @# Qofcc Nzfhdhk @deifpfr /dhao$ Z#`fqdkh Zrfqqvrf /zqd$

ZN@ ZN @

GVC C

p G5 Nvpqd`

p

p5

3) 3) 3) 3) 3) 3)

Anvzcdhk Anvzcdhk Iepfrdec @ Qh# Eccn{ebcf Qprfqq Cfwfc /Qh$ G5# [fc` Qd}f V[)57(5 pidh57b# Idh eccn{f` {ecc zfr VK)57/b$ Anrra# Anvzcdhk Anrrnqdnh Eccn{ehaf /dhao$ 2(26: 3) AN@ ) Anvzcdhk N@ 5(156 3) ZN@ ) Zdzf N@ 55(6:: 3) h# Porfe`q Zfr Dhao :(16? 3) zp# Anrrfqznh`dhk qao __Q [ecc Podalhfqq /dhao$ 52(6& 3) VP# Vh`fr Pncfrfhaf /&$

Dhqd`f

/])5$

0; 04 6: 65 61 67 70

Kfnifprt Rfqprdapdnhq Gdk( Gdk( V[)57(5 paz 9 /AN@)ZN@$.2)ANRRA Pidh 9 Idh/:(;6#paz#p$ paidh 9 Idh/:(26#:(;-Pidh$ p5 9 :(;-G5 p5 8 9 paIdh

9 9 9 9 9

/2(26)5(156$.2):(526 Idh/:(;6#:(101#:(7;6$ Idh/:(26#:(;-:(101$ :(;-:(1;6 :(271 89 :(20

Paz Pidh paidh p5

9 9 9 9

:(101 :(101 :(20: :(271 Eaafzpebcf

;0 ;6 ;7 ;; ;?

Rfuvdrf` Anvzcdhk [ecc Podalhfqq VK)00/a$# B57(55 ) 2(5(5 eh` VK)15/a$/2$ Rn 9 [email protected]):(?.h 9 5(156.2):(?.55(6 pz 9 /5)VP$-zp)Anrra):(?.h 9 /5):(526$-:(16?):(526):(?.55(6 Idh Podal 9 Z-Rn./Qh-5,:(0-Z$ 9 566-:(6??./2::::-5,:(0-566( Eaafzpebcf

Rn 9 :(6?? pz 9 :(554 prh 9 :(::6

;4 ?: ?5 ?2 ?1 ?? ?4

Zrfqqvrf [fc` Qprfqq V[)5?/`$ ) Zrfqqvrf Cne` nhct V[)57/g$/1$/e$/1$/b$ Cne` 9 AN@X2-/ZD/$.0$-Z 9 2(26X2-/ZD/$.0$-566(54; Cne` [fc` Erfe 9 zd/$-//AN@,G5$X2)AN@X2$.0 [fc` Erfe 9 zd/$-//2(26,:(1;6$X2)2(26X2$.0 Iex Qprfqq 9 Idh/Qh#Qw$ - :(66 9 Idh/2::::#:$ - :(66 Iex Qprfqq [fc` Qprfqq 9 Cne` . Erfe 9 75; . 5(017 [fc` Qprfqq

4: 46 47 4; 4? 44 5:: 5:5

5:0 5:6 5:7 5:; 5:? 5:4

9 55::: 9 01: Eaafzpebcf

VK)06

9 9 9 9 9 VK06e 9 Pqp` Heap Pp VK06

5:2 5:1

9 75; 9 5(017

VB06b 9 9 VK06b5 9 9 VK06b0 9

Qpehèr` zdzf {ecc podalhfqq grni aoerp Pqp` 9 Zp - /5)VP$ Heap 9 Eapvec [ecc Podal( Pp 9 :(?.h Vk)15/a$/2$ porfe`q VK06 9 Iex/VK06e# VK06b$ 39 Heap Iex/:(544# :(205$ 39 :(151 prh , anrra , Pp VK06e 9 :(::6 , :(526 , :(:; Idh/VK06b5# VK06b0$ VB06b 9 Idh/:(16?# :(205$ Iex/pidh, ANRRA# Pidh57b , ANRRA$ VK06b5 9 Iex/:(211 , :(526# :(:40 , :(526$ Pqp`-:(?;6 , anrra 9 :(511-:(?;6 , :(526 VK06b0 9

:(511 :(151 :(:;: :(205 Eaafzpebcf :(544 :(205 :(16? :(205

1:


VK0:/e)2$ 3) Qewf`@fqdkh Evpniepda ò ) hnp odcc odccq qd`f Evpniepda Cdidp @d @deifpfr Avrwf` Qofcc nr Ofe` Qfapd Qfap dnh

15 22 11 10 16 17 1; 14 0: 05 02 04 6; 72 70 76 77 7; ;: ;2 ;0 ;; ;? ;4 ?: ?5 ?2 ?1 ?0 ?6 ?7 ?; 45 46 4? 5:0 552 556 554 52: 525 522 521 520 51: 511 50? 567 5?6 544 2:: 2:5 2:2 2:1 2:0 2:6 2:7 2:; 25: 251 25; 225 21; 206 204 26:

Qeizcf Wfrpdaec Wfqqfc 3) Wfqqfc H0 ' H6 ) 0" @nvbcf Qd`f` Gcehkf Ze` 3) @fqardzp @fqardzpdnh Qofcc= Qofcc= QE)657 ;: 3) Qofcc Iep Iepfrdec 2:# 2:#::: 3) Qw# qofcc eccn{ebcf qprfqq cfwfc# ZQD 5(:: 3) F5# fggdadfhat ng qofcc ep hn}}cf :(6:: 3) Wp# qofcc {ecc podal# vhanrrn`f`# VP rfinwf` :(215 3) pr# rfuvdrf` qofcc {ecc podalhfqq dhp( zrfqq(/F95$ :(::: 3) prF# rfuvdrf` qofcc {ecc podalhfqq fxp( zrfqq(/F95$ pz :(526 3) qae# qofcc anrrnqdnh eccn{ehaf `d 566( 566(2: 3) Z# dhpfrhec `fqdkh zrfqqvrf :(526 3) hae# hn}}cf anrrnqdnh eccn{ehaf Gcehkf Ze`= QE)20: 157 3) Gcehkf Ze` Iep Iepfrdec 2:# 2:#::: 3) Qz# eccn{ebcf qprfqq cfwfc 4(::: 3) @z# nvpqd`f `deifp `deifpfr 0(6:: 3) `d# dhqd`f /vhanrrn`f`$ 5(6:: 3) pz# ze` podal :(6:: 3) Cfk02# qd}f ng {fc` g dccfp dccfp 5(::: 3) G 6(6:: 3) KN@ ) keqlfp N@ 0(6:: 3) KD@ ) keqlfp D@ 1(::: 3) i ) keqlfp g eapnr eapnr 5#?:: 3) kt ) keqlfp geapnr t ;(6:: 3) werA ) bncp adracf `de :(726 3) BncpN@# bncp qd}f ? 3) Hbncp# hvibfr ng bncpq 5(::: 3) @fzpoP# `fzpo ng bncp oncfq 26# 26#::: 3) Qb ) eccn{ebcf bncp qprfqq ep @FQDKH pfiz 26# 26#::: 3) Qbe ) eccn{ebcf bncp qprfqq ep EQQFIBCT pfiz Werdebc Werdebc fq= fq= @z 9 Idh/2-`# Idh/2-`#@zFhp @zFhpfrf`$ 9 Idh/2-0( Idh/2-0(;6# ;6#4$ p 9 Wp)qae 9 :(6 ) :( :(526 pf 9 pz)Wp 9 5( 5(6):(6 ` 9 `d,2-hae 9 0(6 ) 2 - :( :(526 gr2 9 IDH/Qz. IDH/Qz .Qw# Qw#5$ 9 IDH/2::::.2::::# 5$ gr0 9 IDH/Qz. IDH/Qz .Qw# Qw#5$ 9 IDH/2::::. IDH/2::::.2::::# 2::::#5$ werH 9 /KN@)KD /KN@)KD@$.2 9 /6( /6(6)0( 6)0(6$.2 b: 9 werH . 2 9 :(6 . 2 werb 9 idh/Qur p/b:$. /b:$.2#b:$ 9 idh/Qur p/:( /:(26$. 26$.2#:(26$ werK 9 iex/KN@)2-werb#/KN@)KD@$.2 , KD KD@$ 0(6$ 9 iex/6(6)2-:(26#/6(6)0(6$.2 , 0( 9 4.2 Rn 9 @z.2 paCfk02 9 Idh/:( Idh/:(26# 26#:(;-IDH/:( ;-IDH/: (;6#p ;6#pf f#p$$ #p$$ 9 Idh/:( Idh/:(26# 26#:(;-IDH/:( ;-IDH/:(;6# ;6#5#:(1;6$$ G 9 Idh/Gfhpfrfrf`# 5$ Kfnifprt Anhqpred Anhqpre d hpq= hpq= :(;-Cfk02 89 pa02 :(;-:( 6 89 :( :(26 Bncp Cne`q= O 9 :(;?6-werKX2-Z 9 :( :(;?6-6X2-566( ;?6-6X2-566(54; 2-werb-1 (50-werK-i-Z 9 2-:( 2-:(26-1( 26-1(50-6-1-566( 50-6-1-566(54; OZ 9 2-werb-1( O@ 9 zd.0 - `dX2 - Z 9 zd.0 - 0(6X2 - 566( 566 (54; 9 1:07 ) 207? OP 9 O ) O@ [i5 9 O , OZ zd-werb-werK-kt 9 1:07 , 1766 [i2 9 iex/[i5.Qb# iex/[i5.Qb# [ i2. i2.Qe$ 9 zd-:( zd-:(26-6-5?:: Ei 9 Rnnp-Hbncp 89 Ei 9 iex/7;:5.26:::# ;:74. ;:74 .26:::$ 9 :( :(2:;-? Eb 9 Erfe Rfzceafifhp= Gdk VK)1;(5 E 9 5(:-`-pr-G 9 5( 5(:-0( :-0(;6-:( ;6-:(215-5 Ef 9 :(6-`-prF-5 9 :( :(6-0( 6-0(;6-:-5 9 /0(;6$ - /5-:(1?)5-:(21$ E5 9 /`$- /F5-p)G-pr$ 9 /0(;6$ - /5-:(1;6)5-:$ E5f 9 /`$ - /Fnhf-p)G-prF$ E6 9 //@z ) `$p `$pf)Bncp f)BncpN@-@fzp N@-@fzpoP-2$-gr0 9 //4)0( //4)0(;6$-5):( ;6$-5):(726-5-2$-5 9 :( :(6X2-5 E02 9 Cfk02X2-gr2

Gvcc G Zfhh(

p Cfk02

@z

Cfk02

Qofcc Wp

VK)0 VK)0 : /e)2$

Fggfapdwf Rfdhgnradhk Fggfapdwf Qofcc Podalhfqq Fggfapdwf Rfdhg( Podal( Gdhdqof` Nzfhdhk @de(

Keqlfp [d`po dh Anhpeap keqlfp qfepdhk {d`po fgg qfepdhk {d`po keqlfp cne` rfeapdnh `deifpfr

@z 9 p9 pf 9 `9 gr2 9 gr0 9 werH 9 b: 9 werb 9 werK 9

4(::: : (1;6 5(::: 0(;6: 5(::: 5(::: : (6:: : (26: : (26: 6 (:::

Rn 9 0(6:: pa02 9 : (26: G 9 5(::: : (16:

89

: (26:

Eaafzpebcf

fh` cne`

O9 OZ 9 O@ 9 OP 9 [i5 9 [i2 9 Ei 9 Eb 9 Dhpfrhec 5(:4;

1:07 1766 207? 6;; 7;:5 ;:74 :(2?1 5(767 Fxpfrhec

anhpeap cne` fh` cne` geaf cne` bncp cne` qfepdhk cne` rfu bncp erfe

Eaafzpebcf Zrfqqvrf Grni= E Rfuvdrf` /dhpfrhec$ 9 E Rfuvdrf` /fxpfrhec$ 9 E5 9 E5f 9 E6 9 E02 9 Eapvec Erfe 9 Eaafzpebcf Eapvec)Rfuvdrf` 9

: (::: : (7?0 1(::: : (26: 1(410 2 (?46

5(;?5 1(::: : (26: 6(:15 6(:15

5

Gcehkf

2

EQIF WDDD @dw D Ezzfh`dx 2

H0 ' H6 ) 0" Zrnafqq Anhhfapdnhq @fqardzpdnh

1

oK

0

@difhqdnhq=

6

Gdk2)51(2in`dgdf` g`> ) Qfcfap e gcehkf `fqdkh

4(::: 0(6:: 5(6:: :(6::

7 ; ? 4 5:

52 51 50

57 5; 5? 54 2: 25 22 21 20 26 27 2; 2? 24 1: 15 12 11 10 16 17 1; 1? 14 0: 05 02 01 00 06 07 0; 0? 04 6: 65 62

OK p

ph

O@

6(6:: 0(6:: 1(:: 5#?::

KN@ \dhY ) keqlfp N@ KD@ \dhY ) keqlfp D@ i ) keqlfp geapnr kt ) keqlfp geapnr t

;(6:: :(726 ?(: 5(::: :(6::

werA \dhY ) bncp adracf `de BncpN@ \dhY ) bncp qd}f Hbncp ) hvibfr ng bncpq @fzpoP \dhY ) porfe` `fzpo Cfk5 \dhY

B

oP

Qofcc

Keqlfp=

55

56

E \dhY ) gcehkf N@ Bh \dhY ) D@# vhanrrn`f` p \dhY ) gcehkf podalhfqq ph \dhY ) hn}}cf {ecc podalhfqq

[

OP

K A

o@ E

Gdk 2)51(2 In`dgdf`

Bncpdhk=

Nzfrepdhk Anh`dpdnhq= :(526 Anrr \dhY ) anrrnqdnh eccn{ehaf 566(2 Z \zqdY ) dhpfrhec nzfrepdhk zrfqqvrf Iepfrdec Zrnzfrpdfq= HnhAeqp AeqpIepfrdec> ) Aeqp Nr HnhAeqp 2:#::: Qg \zqdY ) eccn{ebcf gcehkf qprfqq ep @FQDKH pfiz( EQQFIBCT pfiz( 2:#::: Qge \zqdY ) Eccn{ebcf Gcehkf Qprfqq ep EQQFIBCT 2;#4::#::: Fgn \zqdY )Nzfrepdhk Gcehkf In`vcvq 2;#4::#::: Fgq \zqdY ) Qfepdhk Gcehkf In`vcvq 2:#::: Qb \zqdY ) eccn{ebcf bncp qprfqq ep @FQDKH pfiz 2:#::: Qbe \zqdY ) eccn{ebcf bncp qprfqq ep EQQFIBCT pfiz Kfnifprt Anhqpredhpq= pidh 9 idh/:(;6#ph#p$ pa 9 iex/:(26#:(;-pidh$ PornepCfk5 9 :(;-Cfk5 AoPC5 9 PornepCfk5 89 pa

IDH/:(;6#:(6#5(6$ 9 IE_/:(26#:(;-:(6$ 9 :(;-:(6 9 :(16 89 :(16 9

Aecavcepf` @difhqdnhq= 0(6,2-:(526 9 B 9 Bh,2-Anrr werH 9 /KN@)KD@$.2 Keqlfp {d`po dh anhpeap /6(6)0(6$.2 9 b: 9 werH . 2 Keqlfp qfepdhk {d`po :(6 . 2 9 werb 9 DG/b:8:(26#Qurp/b:$.2#b:$ Fggfapdwf qfepdhk {d`po DG/:(268:(26#QURP/:(26$.2#:(26$ 9 werK 9 DG/b:8:(26#KN@)2-werb#/KN@)KD@$.2 , KD@$ DG/:(268:(26#6(6)2-:(26#/6(6)0(6$.2 , 0(6$ 9 PorfeÌdh 9 :(;6-Qg.Qb VK)01/k$ :(;6-2::::.2:::: 9 AofalPrÌdh 9 PorfeÌdh 39 @fzpoP :(;6 39 5 9 Bncp Cne`q= /WDDD Ezz 2)6$ O 9 :(;?6-werKX2-Z fh` cne` OZ 9 2-werb-1(50-werK-i-Z anhpeap cne` O@ 9 zd/$.0 - EX2 - Z fh` cne` OP 9 O ) O@ geaf cne`

:(;?6-6X2-566(2 9 2-:(26-1(50-6-1-566(2 9 ZD/$.0 - 4X2 - 566(2 9 1:07 ) 4?;1 9

:(6:: :(16: :(16: Eaafzpebcf 0(;6: :(6:: :(26: :(26: 6(::: :(;6: Eaafzpebcf 1#:07 1#766 4#?;1 )7#?2;

Gcehkf = 5 2 1 0 6 7 ; ? 4 5: 55 52 51 50 56 57 5; 5? 54 2: 25 22 21 20 26 27 2; 2? 24 1: 15 12 11 10 16 17 1;

bncp cne` [i5 9 O , OZ 1:07 , 1766 9 [i2 9 zd/$-werb-werK-kt qfepdhk cne` ZD/$-:(26-6-5?:: 9 Ei 9 Iex/[i5.Qb# [i2.Qbe$ Bncp erfe rfuvdrf` IE_/7;:5.2::::# ;:74.2::::$ 9 RnnpErfe \qu( dhY 9 ZWFCnnlvz/"BncpQd}dhk"#"Cnnlvz"#"Rnnp Erfe"#BncpN@$ :(2:?-? 9 Eb 9 RnnpErfe-Hbncp AofalFxafqq 9 Eb89Ei 5(77089:(161 9

Gcehkf Cne`q= /Ezz 2)6$ [ \cbY 9 /Ei , Eb$-Qbe.2 Eb$-Qbe.2 qfepdhk anh`dpdnhq OK \cbY 9 [ i5 ) O nzfrepdhk anh`dpdnhq PBncpCne` \cbY 9 /[,[i5$.Hbncp Gcehkf Inifhp Eriq= /Pebcf Ezz 2)7 ) cnnqf gcehkfq$ io@ \dhY 9 /werA)E$.2 ioP \dhY 9 /werA)/E,werK$.2$.2 ioK \dhY 9 /werA)werK$.2 Gcehkf Inifhpq= /Ezz 2)7$ I@ \dh)cbY 9 O@ - io@ fh` zrfqqvrf geaf zrfqqvrf IP \dh)cbY 9 OP - ioP keqlfp cne` IK \dh)cbY 9 OK - ioK pnpec nzfrepdhk In5 \dh)cbY 9 I@,IP,IK pnpec qfepdhk In2 \dh)cbY 9 [-/werA)werK$.2 Krezo= Ezz 2);(5 Wecvf ng T L 9 E.B T 9 ZWFCnnlvz/"T"#"GcehkfGeapnrL"#L$

7#;:5 ;#:74 :(161 :(2:? 5(770 Eaafzpebcf

/:(161 , 5(770$-2::::.2 9 2:#5;0 7;:5 ) 1:07 9 1#766 /2:5;0,7;:5$.? 9 1#164 /;(6)4$.2 9 ):(;6: /;(6)/4,6$.2$.2 9 :(26: /;(6)6$.2 9 5(26: 4?;1 - ):(;6 9 )7?2; - :(26 9 1766 - 5(26 9 );0:6,)5;:;,0674 9 2:5;0-/;(6)6$.2 9

);#0:6 )5#;:; 0#674 )0#601 26#25?

4.0(;6 9 5(?46 1(2:6

Gcehkf Qfepdhk Qprfqq= /Ezz 2);#?$ QPq 9 T-EBQ/In2$ T-EBQ/In2$ . /pX2-B$ AofalQPq 9 EBQ/QPq$ 39 Qge

1(2:6-EBQ/2625?$ . /5(6X2-0(;6$ 9 ;#671 EBQ/;671$ 39 2:::: 9 Eaafzpebcf

Gcehkf Nzfrepdhk Qprfqq= /Ezz 2);#?$ QPn 9 T-EBQ/In5$ T-EBQ/In5$ . /pX2-B$ AofalQPn 9 QPn 39 Qg

1(2:6-EBQ/)0601$ 1(2:6-EBQ/)0601$ . /5(6X2-0(;6$ 9 5#172 5172 39 2:::: 9 Eaafzpebcf

Gcehkf Gcfxdbdcdpt= /Ezz 2)50$ Mqfepdhk 9 /5:4(0-In2$ . /Fgq-pX1-ch/L$-:(2$ /Fgq-pX1-ch/L$-:(2$ /5:4(0-2625?$ . /2;4:::::-5(6X1-CH/5(?46$-:(2$ 9 AofalMQp 9 EBQ/Mqfepdhk$ 39 5 EBQ/:(224$ 39 5 9 Mnzfrepdhk 9 /5:4(0-In5$ . /Fgn-pX1-ch/L$-:(2$ /Fgn-pX1-ch/L$-:(2$ /5:4(0-)0601$ . /2;4:::::-5(6X1-CH/5(?46$-:(2$ 9 AofalMNz 9 EBQ/Mnzfrepdhk$ 39 5 EBQ/):(:05$ 39 5 9

:(224 Eaafzpebcf ):(:05 Eaafzpebcf

1: 15 22 11 10 16 17 1; 14 0: 05 02 01 00 06 07 0; 0? 04 6: 65 60 66 6; 6? 64 75 71 76 77 74 ;5 ;2 ;1 ;6 ?; ?? 4: 45 46 47 4; 5:5 5:2 5:? 555 550 556 527 515 512 505 501 506 507 50? 565 566 56? 5;5

Hn}}cf Rfdhgnrafifhp =

V[57/o$ 3) Qewf`@fqdkh

Evpniepda ò ) hnp odcc odccq qd`f Evpniepda Cdidp @d @deifpfr Qeizcf Wfrpdaec Wfqqfc 3) Wfqqfc Avrwf` Qofcc nr Ofe` Qfapd Qfap dnh I5 ) 52" x 57" Ieh{et nh Ofe` a.{ 1" x 1.0" Rdhk 3) @fqardzp @fqardzpdnh Qofcc= Qofcc= QE)657 ;: 3) Qofcc Iep Iepfrdec @n 2:# 2:#::: 3) Qw# qofcc eccn{ebcf qprfqq cfwfc# ZQD Hp 5(:: 3) F5# fggdadfhat ng qofcc ep hn}}cf Cfk05 :(7;6 3) Wp# qofcc {ecc podal# vhanrrn`f`# VP rfinwf` :(051 3) pr# rfuvdrf` qofcc {ecc podalhfqq dhp( zrfqq(/F95$ Cfk02 :(::: 3) prF# rfuvdrf` qofcc {ecc podalhfqq fxp( zrfqq(/F95$ :(526 3) qae# qofcc anrrnqdnh eccn{ehaf f c :(:40 3) pidh57b# Idh eccn{f` {ecc zfr VK)57/b$ } pf Rdhk } n Hn}}cf= H QE)5:7B 3) Hn}}cf Iep Iepfrdec k Wp Qofcc 5;# 5;#5:: 3) Qh# eccn{ebcf qprfqq cfwfc /Qh$ 5;# 5;#7:: 3) B# grni E 9 : (:464: Zrnm @z 5(:: 3) F# hn}}cf fgg fgg dadfhat dadfhat 566( 566(2: 3) Z# dhpfrhec `fqdkh zrfqqvrf anhhfap [fc` pn anhhfap :(: 3) Ze# fxpfrhec `fqdkh zrfqqvrf p pn rfdhgnradhk ze` 5;( 5;(6:: 3) @n# nvpqd`f `deifp `deifpfr Cfk01 :(;6: 3) Hp# {ecc podal# vhanrrn`f` V[)57(5 /o$ :(:& 3) VPz# vh`frpncfrehaf /&$ :(::: 3) hae# hn}}cf anrrnqdnh eccn{ehaf 5(6:: 3) C# fxpfrdnr Zrnmfapdnh :(;6: 3) Dz# dhpfrdnr zrnmfapdnh Rfd Rfd hgnra hgnra d d hk= hk= QE)657 ;: 3) Rfdhgnradhk zcepf iep iepfrdec Ep cfeqp nhf pfccpecf oncf /iex( qd}f HZQ 5.0 pez$ dh rfze` rfuvdrf` 2:# 2:#::: 3) Qz# eccn{ebcf qprfqq cfwfc 25( 25(6:: 3) @z# nvpqd`f `deifp `deifpfr :(6:: 3) pf# rfdhgnrafifhp podal :(6:: 3) Cfk05# qd}f ng {fc` g dccfp dccfp :(1;6 3) Cfk02# qd}f ng {fc` g dccfp dccfp :(1;6 3) Cfk01# qd}f ng {fc` g dccfp dccfp :(7;6 3) CfkK# `fzpo ng krnnwf Werdebc Werdebc fq= fq= VP 9 Hp-VPz 9 :(;6 - : VP 9 : (::: Vh`frpncfrehaf Fggfapdwf Re`dvq Rh 9 @n.2 ) /Hp)hae$ , VP 9 5;(6.2 ) /:(;6):$ , : Rh 9 ? (::: Fggfapdwf Rfdhgnradhk @z 9 Idh/2-`# Idh/2-`#@zFhp @zFhpfrf`$ 9 Idh/2-57# Idh/2-57#25( 25(6$ @z 9 25( 25(6:: Fggfapdwf Qofcc Podalhfqq p 9 Wp)qae 9 :(7;6 ) :( :(526 p 9 : (66: Hni Podal ng Dhp( Zrnm( pd 9 Hp)2-hae 9 :(;6 ) 2 - : pd 9 : (;6: Fggfapdwf Rfdhg( Podal( pf 9 pfFhp fFhpfrf` pf 9 : (6:: Ewedc( Hn}}cf Podal( Hn VP ph 9 Hp)hae 9 :( :(;6): ph 9 : (;6: Nzfhdhk @de( 9 5;(6 ) 2-:( 2-: (;6 ` 9 @n)2-ph ` 9 57 (::: gr5 9 IDH/Qh. IDH/Qh .Qw# Qw#5$ 9 IDH/5;5::.2::::# 5$ gr5 9 : (?66 gr2 9 IDH/Qh. IDH/Qh .Qw# Qw#5$ 9 IDH/5;5::.2::::# 5$ gr2 9 : (?66 gr1 9 IDH/Qh. IDH/Qh .Qw# Qw#Qz. Qz.Qw# Qw#5$ 9 IDH/5;5::.2::::# 2::::. 2:::: .2::::# 2::::#5$ gr1 9 : (?66 9 IDH/2::::. IDH/2::::.2::::# 2::::#5$ gr0 9 IDH/Qz. IDH/Qz .Qw# Qw#5$ gr0 9 5(::: o 9 IDH/D IDH/Dz)qae# z)qae #2(6-p#2 -p#2(6-pd$ 9 IDH/:( IDH/:(;6):( ;6):(526# 526#2(6-:( 6-:(66# 66#2(6-:( 6-:(;6$ o 9 : (726 9 Idh/:( Idh/:(26# 26#:(;-Idh/:( ;-Idh/:(;6# ;6#:(66# 66#:(;6$$ paCfk01 9 Idh/:( Idh/:(26# 26#:(;-Idh/:( ;-Idh/:(;6#p#p ;6#p#ph$$ h$$ pa01 9 : (26: G 9 5(::: G 9 5(::: Zdzf Rfuvdrf` [ecc Pod Pod alhfqq alhfqq ) prh grni dhpfrhec# prhF grni fxpfrhec zrfqqvrf prh 9 /Z-Rh$./Qh-F ) :(7-Z$ 39 ph)VP 9 /566(2-?$./5;5::-5 ) :( : (7-566( 7-566(2$ prh 9 : (:;1 Eaafzpebcf prhR 9 /Z-Rh$./Qh-5 ) :( 9 /566(2-?$./5;5::-5 ) :( : (7-566( 7-566(2$ F95 prhR 9 : (:;1 :(7-Z$ Eaafzpebcf prhF 9 /1-@n-Ze$./0-B$ 39 ph)vp 9 /1-5;( /1-5;(6-:$. 6-:$./0-5;7::$ prhF 9 : (::: Kfnifprt Anhqpred Anhqpre d hpq= hpq= :(;-Cfk05 89 :(;-idh/:( ;-idh/:(;6#p ;6#pf f#ph$ #ph$ :(;-:(6 89 :(;-Idh/:( ;-Idh/:(;6# ;6#:(6#:(;6$ : (16: 89 : (16: Eaafzpebcf :(;-Cfk02 89 :(6-Idh/:( 6-Idh/:(;6#p ;6#pf f#p$ :(;-:(1;6 89 :(6-Idh/:( 6-Idh/:(;6# ;6#:(6#:(66$ : (271 89 : (26: Eaafzpebcf :(;-Cfk01)hae 89 pa01 :(;-:(1;6): 89 :(26 : (271 89 : (26: Eaafzpebcf

5;6 2:; 2:? 2:4 252 256 257 254 22: 221 220 22? 224 211 210 217 205 200 20; 204 26: 267 26; 27: 275 272 277 27; 2;5 2;2 2;1 2;7 2;; 2;? 2;4 2?1 2?0 2?? 240 246 247 24; 1:5 1:? 1:4 152 151 12: 125 127 12; 115 112 111 110 116 117 11; 11? 114 10: 105 102

Zrfqqvrf Grni= E Rfuvdrf` /dhpfrhec$ 9

I5 ) 52" x 57" Ieh{et nh Ofe` a.{ 1" x 1.0" R dhk

Dhpfrhec ) 5(:-`-pr-G , 2-ph-pr-G-/5)g 2-ph-pr-G-/5)g r5$ r5$ 7 (74: 5(:-57-:(051-5 , 2-:( 2-: (;6-:( ;6-:(051-5-/5):( 051-5-/5):(?66$ E Rfuvdrf` /fxpfrhec$ 9 :(6-/`-prF-5 , 2-ph-prF-5-/5)g 2-ph-prF-5-/5)g r5$$ 9 :( 66-/57-:-5 , 2-:(;6-:-5-/5):( ;6-:-5-/5):(?66$$ E5 9 2 (5;: iex/`# 2-/p,ph$$ - /F5-p)G-pr$)2-ph-/F5-p)G-pr$-/ 5)g 5)g r5$ r5$ iex/57#2-/:(66,:(;6$$- /5-:( /5-:(66)5-:( 66)5-:(051$)2-:( 051$)2-:(;6-/5-:( ;6-/5-:(66)5-:( 66)5-:(051$-/5):( 051$-/5):(?66$ iex/`# 2-/p,ph$$ - /F5-p)G-prF$)2-ph-/F5-p)G-prF$-/5) /F5-p)G-prF$)2-ph-/F5-p)G-prF$-/5)g g r5$ r5$ E5f 9 iex/57#2-/:(66,:(;6$$- /5-:( /5-:(66)5-:$)2-:( 66)5-:$)2-:(;6-/5-:( ;6-/5-:(66)5-:$-/5):( 66)5-:$-/5):(?66$ idh//ph)prhR$-gr2-idh/6-p#2-C$ # /p /ph)p h)prhR$-/Idh/2( rhR$-/Idh/2(6-ph,p 6-ph,pf#C$-gr2-2$ E2 9 5(642 idh//:(;6):(:;1$-:(?66-idh/6-:(66#2-5(6$ # /:( /:(;6):( ;6):(:;1$-/Idh/2( :;1$-/Idh/2(6-:( 6-:(;6,:( ;6,:(6#2-5( 2-5(6$-:( 6$-:(?66-2$ E2f 9 idh//ph)prhF$-gr2-Idh/6-p#2-C$ # 2-/p 2-/ph)p h)prhF$-Idh/2( rhF$-Idh/2(6-ph,p 6-ph,pf#C$-gr2$ idh//:(;6):$-:(?66-Idh/6-:(66#2-5(6$ # 2-/:( 2-/: (;6):$-Idh/2( ;6):$-Idh/2(6-:( 6-:(;6,:( ;6,:(6#5(6$-:( 6$-:(?66$ Idh/6-p-pd-gr2# 6-pd-pd-gr2# 2-o-pd-gr2$ E1 9 : (?:2 Idh/6-:(66-:(;6-:(?66# 6-:(;6-:(;6-:(?66# 2-: (726-:( 726-:(;6-:( ;6-:(?66$ /@z ) ` ) 2p 2ph$p h$pf-gr0 9/25(6 ) 57 ) 2-:( 2-:(;6$-:( ;6$-:(6-5 E6 9 2 (::: Cfk05X2-gr1 E05 9 :(6X2-:( 6X2-:(?66 E05 9 : (250 Cfk02X2-gr0 E02 9 :(1;6X2-5 E02 9 : (505 9 /:( /:(1;6):$X2-:( 1;6):$X2-:(?66 /Cfk01)hae$X2-gr2 E01 9 : (52: Eapvec Erfe 9 ; (:1? Eaafzpebcf Eapvec)Rfuvdrf` 9 : (10? Dhpfrhec [fc` Cne`= /VK)05$ 9 /7(74 ) 2(5; , 2-:(;6-:(?66-/5-:(66)5-:(051$$-2:::: [iexD 9 /E ) E5 , 2-Ph-Gr5-/F5-p)G-pr$$-Qw# idh: [iexD 9 E9 9 Ef 9 E5 9 9 E5f 9 9 E2 9 9 E2f 9 9 E1 9 9 E6 9 E05 9 E02 9 E01 9

9 IDH//5(642 , 2 , :(250 , :(505$-2::::#4142;$ :(505$-2::::#4142;$ [ 5)5 9 IDH//E2 , E6 , E05 , E02$-Qw#[iexD$ 9 Idh//5(642 , :(?:2 , :(250 , :(52 , 2-: [ 2)2 9 Idh//E2 , E1 , E05 , E01 , 2-Ph-p-grnhf$-Qw#[iexD$ [ 1)1 9 Idh//E2 , E1 , E6 , E05 , E02 , E01 , 2-Ph-p-gr5$-Qw# 2-Ph-p-gr5$-Qw #[iexD$ [fc` cne` 9 Idh//5(642 , :(?:2 , 2 , :(250 , :(505 , :(52 , 2-:( 2-:(;6-:( ;6-:(66-:( 66-:(?66$-2::::# ?66$-2::::#4142;$

Fxpfrhec [fc` Cne`= /VK)05$ [iexF 9 /Ef ) E5f , 2-Ph-Gr5-/F5-p)G-pr$$-Qw# idh: [5)5 9 9 [ 2)2 9 [ 1)1 9 9

Idh//E2f , E1 , E05 , E01 , 2-Ph-p-grnhf$-Qw#[iexF$

[fc` cne` 9 Idh//5(;71 , :(?:2 , :(250 , :(52 , 2-:

Idh//E2f , E1 , E6 , E05 , E02 , E01 , 2-Ph-p-gr5$-Qw# 2-Ph-p-gr5$-Qw #[iexF$ Idh//5(;71 , :(?:2 , 2 , :(250 , :(505 , :(52 , 2-:( 2-:(;6-:( ;6-:(66-:( 66-:(?66$-2::::# ?66$-2::::#:$

Aniznhfhp Qprfhkpo /VK)06/a$# V[)56/a$$ E2 qofer 9 ZD/$. /$.2-/@n)p 2-/@n)ph$-ph-Qh-:(; k pfhqdnh 9 ZD/$. /$.2-@n-CfkK-Idh/Qw# 2-@n-CfkK-Idh/Qw #Qh$-:( Qh$-:(;0 E05 qofer 9 ZD/$. /$.2-@n-Cfk05-Idh/Qh# 2-@n-Cfk05-Idh/Qh #Qz$-:( Qz$-: (04 E02 qofer 9 ZD/$. /$.2-@Z-Cfk02-Idh/Qw# 2-@Z-Cfk02-Idh/Qw #Qz$-:( Qz$-:(04

[fc` cne`

9 ZD ZD/$. /$.2-/5;( 2-/5;(6):( 6):(;6$-:( ;6$-:(;6-5;5::-:(; 9 ZD ZD/$. /$.2-5;( 2-5;(6-:( 6-:(7;6-Idh/2::::# 7;6-Idh/2::::#5;5::$-:( 5;5::$-: (;0 9 ZD ZD/$. /$.2-5;( 2-5;(6-:( 6-:(6-Idh/5;5::# 6-Idh/5;5::#2::::$-:( 2::::$-:(04 9 ZD ZD/$. /$.2-25( 2-25(6-:( 6-:(1;6-Idh/2::::# 1;6-Idh/2::::#2::::$-:( 2::::$-: (04

Gedcvrf in`f ecnhk qprfhkpo zepo /Krfepfr poeh [fc` Cne`# qff Ezz C);$ Q5)5 9 E02q , E2q 89 [5)5 9 520551 , 2172:7 89 ;?421 Q2)2 9 E05q , kp 89 [2)2 9 556576 , 210;46 89 7?760 Q1)1 9 kp , E02q 89 [1)1 9 210;46 , 520551 89 4142; Pqp` 9 Qpehèr` zdzf {ecc podalhfqq grni aoerp Rfu( Fxpfrdnr zrfqqvrf Q{rf 9 pr - Ze . Z 9 :(051 - : . 566( 566 (54; Eapvec [ecc Podal( Heap 9 Hp - /5)VPz$ 9 :(;6 - /5):$ Vk)15/a$/2$ porfe`q Pp 9 :(?.Hpo 9 :( :(?.: VK)06 VK06 9 Iex/VK06e# VK06b$ 39 Heap 9 Iex/:(:;1# :(12?$ 39 :( :(;6 VK06e 9 Iex/prh#prhF$ , Hae , Pp 9 Iex/:(:;1#:$ , : , : VK06b 9 Idh/VK06b1# Idh/VK06b1#VK06b0$ 9 Idh/:(61?# :( :(12?$ VK06b5 9 Iex/pr , Qae# pidh57b , Qae$ 9 Iex/:(051 , :(526# :(:40 , :( : (526$ VK06b2 9 Iex/Q{rf , Qae#pidh57b , Qae$ 9 Iex/: , :(526#:(:40 , :( :(526$ VK06b1 9 Iex/VK06b5# Iex/VK06b5#VK06b2$ 9 Iex/:( Iex/:(61?#$ VK06b0 9 Pqp`-:(?;6 , Hae 9 :(1;6-:(?;6 , :

: (:::

? (7?:

5(;71 : (?:2 2 (::: : (250 : (505 : (52: 51(;2: 51(;2: 41# 41#42;

[ 5)5 9 ;? #421 [ 2)2 9 7? #760 [ 1)1 9 41# 41#42;

[iexF 9 :

9 /: ) ?(7? , 2-:(;6-:(?66-/5-:(66)5-:(051$$-2::: 2-:(;6-:(?66-/5-:(66)5-:(051$$-2:::: :

IDH//E2f , E6 , E05 , E02$-Qw# E02$-Qw #[iexF$ IDH//5(;71 , 2 , :(250 , :( : (505$-2::::# 505$-2::::#:$

Fxpfrhec

[ 5)5f 9 : [ 2)2f 9 : [ 1)1f 9 :

E2q 9 kp 9 E05q 9 E02q 9

217 #2:7 210# 210#;46 556 #576 520# 520#551

Eaafzpebcf

Q5)5 9 17:# 17:#15?

Eaafzpebcf

Q2)2 9 104# 104#47:

Eaafzpebcf

Q1)1 9 16?# 16?#4:?


: (1;6 : (::: : (;6: : (::: Eaafzpebcf VK06 9 : (12? VK06e 9 : (:;1 VK06b 9 : (12? VK06b5 9 : (61? VK06b2 9 VK06b1 9 : (61? VK06b0 9 : (12?

1:


V[57/a$in` 3) Qewf`@fqdkh

15 22 11 10 16 17 1; 1? 14 0: 05 02 01 00 06 07 0; 0? 04 6: 65 60 66 6; 6? 64 75 ;5 ;1 ;0 ?; ?? 4: 46 47 5:5 5:2 5:? 555 527 52; 515 511 505 502 501 506 507 50? 56: 56? 5;5 5?: 5?5 5?2 5?1 2:; 2:? 2:4 252 256 257 254 22: 226 227 21: 215 211 210 20: 20; 204 26:

Qeizcf Wfrpdaec Wfqqfc 3) Wfqqfc I2 ) 52" x 57" Ieh{et a.{ 0 x 1.0" Rdhk nh Qofcc 3) @fqardzpdnh Qofcc= QE)657 ;: 3) Qofcc Iepfrdec N@ Hn}}cf 2:#::: 3) Qw# qofcc eccn{ebcf qprfqq cfwfc# ZQD 5(:: 3) F5# fggdadfhat ng qofcc ep hn}}cf Hp Cfk01 64(:: 3) @q# Qofcc D@ :(6:: 3) Wp# qofcc {ecc podal# vhanrrn`f`# VP rfinwf` Gvcc Zfhh( p :(215 3) pr# rfuvdrf` qofcc {ecc podalhfqq dhp( zrfqq(/F95$ :(::: 3) prF# rfuvdrf` qofcc {ecc podalhfqq fxp( zrfqq(/F95$ Cfk05 :(526 3) qae# qofcc anrrnqdnh eccn{ehaf f c zfr VK)57/b$ :(:40 3) pidh57b# Idh eccn{f` {ecc zfr VK)57/b$ } Cfk05 Qofcc } Hn}}cf= n QE)5:7B 3) Hn}}cf Iepfrdec H Wp 5;#5:: 3) Qh# eccn{ebcf qprfqq cfwfc /Qh$ 5;#7:: 3) B# grni E 9 :(:464: Cfk01 5(:: 3) F# hn}}cf fggdadfhat Zrnm 566(2: 3) Z# dhpfrhec `fqdkh zrfqqvrf :(: 3) Ze# fxpfrhec `fqdkh zrfqqvrf 5;(6:: 3) @n# nvpqd`f `deifpfr :(;6: 3) Hp# {ecc podal# vhanrrn`f` V[)57(5 /a$ in`d in `dg g df` :(:& 3) VPz# vh`frpncfrehaf /&$ :(526 3) hae# hn}}cf anrrnqdnh eccn{ehaf fxpfrdnr Zrnmfapdnh 2(726 3) C# fxpfrdnr Zrnmfapdnh dhpfrdnr zrnmfapdnh :(?;6 3) Dz# dhpfrdnr zrnmfapdnh Rfdhgnradhk= :(1;6 3) Cfk05# qd}f ng {fc` gdccfp :(726 3) Cfk01# qd}f ng {fc` gdccfp 5(::: 3) G Werdebcfq= VP 9 Hp-VPz 9 :(;6 - : Vh`frpncfrehaf Rh 9 @n.2 ) /Hp)hae$ , VP 9 5;(6.2 ) /:(;6):(526$ , : Fggfapdwf Re`dvq p 9 Wp)qae 9 :(6 ) :(526 Fggfapdwf Qofcc Podalhfqq pd 9 Hp)2-hae 9 :(;6 ) 2 - :(526 Hni Podal ng Dhp( Zrnm( ph 9 Hp)hae 9 :(;6):(526 Ewedc( Hn}}cf Podal( Hn ` 9 @n)2-ph 9 5;(6 ) 2-:(726 VP Nzfhdhk @de( gr5 9 IDH/Qh.Qw#5$ 9 IDH/5;5::.2::::# 5$ gr2 9 IDH/Qh.Qw#5$ 9 IDH/5;5::.2::::# 5$ o 9 IDH/Dz)qae#2(6-p#2(6-pd$ 9 IDH/:(?;6):(526#2(6-:(1;6#2(6-:(6$ paCfk05 9 Idh/:(26#:(;-Idh/:(;6#ph#p$$ 9 Idh/:(26#:(;-Idh/:(;6#:(726#:(1;6$$ paCfk01 9 Idh/:(26#:(;-Idh/:(;6#p#ph$$ 9 Idh/:(26#:(;-Idh/:(;6#:(1;6#:(726$$ G 9 Idh/Gfhpfrfrf`# 5$ Zdzf Rfuvdrf` [ecc Podalhfqq ) prh grni dhpfrhec# prhF grni fxpfrhec zrfqqvrf C@n 9 C.@n C@n 9 :(56: @np 9 @n.prhF @np 9 :(7-Z$ 39 ph)VP prh 9 /Z-Rh$./Qh-F ) :(7-Z$ 9 /566(2-?(526$./5;5::-5 ) :(7-566(2$ prh 9 F95 prhR 9 /Z-Rh$./Qh-5 ) :(7-Z$ 9 /566(2-?(526$./5;5::-5 ) :(7-566(2$ prhR 9 prhF 9 /1-@n-Ze$./0-B$ 39 ph)vp 9 /1-5;(6-:$./0-5;7::$ prhF 9 Kfnifprt Anhqpredhpq= :(271 :(;-Cfk05 89 pa05 :(;-:(1;6 89 :(26 89 :(;-Cfk01)hae 89 pa01 :(;-:(726):(526 89 :(26 89 :(151


112 111 110

117 11; 11? 114 10: 105 102

VP 9 Rh 9 p9 pd 9 ph 9 `9 gr5 9 gr2 9 o9 pa05 9 pa01 9 G9 :(::: :(:;0 :(:;0 :(::: :(26: :(26:

:(::: ?(526 :(1;6 :(6:: :(726 57(26: :(?66 :(?66 :(;6: :(26: :(26: 5(:::

Eaafzpebcf Eaafzpebcf Eaafzpebcf Eaafzpebcf

Ezzfh`dx 5); Hfafqqert Aofal {ofh @q87:#dg/[email protected]#dg/2-Rh390:# @q87:#dg/[email protected]#dg/2-Rh390:# " Ezz( 5); aecavcepdnhq hnp rfuvdrf`"#"Ezz( 5); aecavcepdnhq rfuvdrf`"$#"Ezz( 5); aecavcepdnhq rfuvdrf`"$ {ofh @q397:#dg/[email protected]#dg/2-Rh32:#"Ezz( @q397:#dg/[email protected]#dg/2-Rh32:#"Ezz( 5); aecavcepdnhq hnp rfuvdrf`"#"Ezz( 5); aecavcepdnhq rfuvdrf`"$#"Ezz( 5); aecavcepdnhq rfuvdrf`"$ Ezz( 5); aecavcepdnhq hnp rfuvdrf` Erfe Rfzceafifhp= Gdk VK)1;(5 Fxpfrhec Zrfqqvrf Grni= Dhpfrhec E 9 5(:-`-pr-G , 2-ph-pr-G-/5)gr5$ E Rfuvdrf` /dhpfrhec$ 9 1(;46 9 5(:-57(26-:(215-5 , 2-:(726-:(215-5-/5):(?66$ E Rfuvdrf` /fxpfrhec$ 9 :(::: Ef 9 :(6-/`-prF-5 , 2-ph-prF-5-/5)gr5$$ 9 :(6-/57(26-:-5 , 2-:(726-:-5-/5):(?66$$ E5 9 iex/`# 2-/p,ph$$ - /F5-p)G-pr$)2-ph-/F5-p)G-pr$-/5)gr5$ E5 9 2(156 9 iex/57(26#2-/:(1;6,:(726$$- /5-:(1;6)5-:(215$)2-:(726-/5-:(1;6)5-:(215$-/5):(?66$ E5f 9 iex/`# 2 -/p,ph$$ - /F5-p)G-prF$)2-ph-/F5-p)G-prF$-/5)gr5$ 7(:27 E5f 9 9 iex/57(26#2-/:(1;6,:(726$$- /5-:(1;6)5-:$)2-:(726-/5-:(1;6)5-:$-/5):(?66$ E2 9 idh//ph)prhR$-gr2-Idh/6-p#2-C$ idh//ph)prhR$-gr2-Idh/6-p#2-C$ # /ph)prhR$-gr2-Idh/6-ph#2-C$$ E2 9 :(??1 9 idh//:(726):(:;0$-:(?66-Idh/6-:(1;6#2-2(726$ # /:(726):(:;0$-:(?66-Idh/6-:(726#2-2(726$$ E2f 9 idh//ph)prhF$-gr2-Idh/6-p#2idh//ph)prhF$-gr2-Idh/6-p#2-C$ C$ # /ph)prhF$-gr2-Idh/6-ph#2-C$$ 5(::2 E2f 9 9 idh//:(726):$-:(?66-Idh/6-:(1;6#2-2(726$ # /:(726):$-:(?66-Idh/6-:(726#2-2(726$$ E1 9 Id h/6-p-pd-gr2 # 6-pd-pd-gr2# 2-o-pd-gr2$ :(705 E1 9 :(705 9 Idh/6-:(1;6-:(6-:(?66# 6-:(6-:(6-:(?66# 2-:(;6-:(6-:(?66$ :(52: E05 9 Cfk05X2-gr2 9 :(1;6X2-:(?66 E05 9 :(52: :(250 E01 9 /Cfk01)hae$X2-gr2 9 /:(726):(526$X2-:(?66 E01 9 :(250 Eapvec Erfe 9 0(5;1 ?( : : 1 Eapvec)Rfuvdrf` 9 :(1;? Eaafzpebcf ?( : : 1

115

116

Zekf 57 ng 22 ng 22 Evpniepda ò ) hnp odccqd`f Evpniepda Cdidp @deifpfr Avrwf` Qofcc nr Ofe` Qfapdnh

Qpehèr` zdzf {ecc podalhfqq grni aoerp pr - Ze . Z 9 :(215 - : . 566(54; Hp - /5)VPz$ 9 :(;6 - /5):$ :(?.Hpo 9 :(?.:

VK)06

VK06 9 VK06e 9 VK06b 9 VK06b5 9 VK06b2 9 VK06b1 9 VK06b0 9

Iex/VK06e# VK06b$ 39 Heap Iex/prh#prhF$ Iex/prh#prhF$ , Hae , Pp Idh/VK06b1#VK06b0$ Iex/pr , Qae# pidh57b , Qae$ Iex/Q{rf , Qae#pidh57b , Qae$ Iex/VK06b5#VK06b2$ Pqp`-:(?;6 , Hae


:(1;6 :(::: :(;6: Eapvec [ecc Podal( :(::: Vk)15/a$/2$ porfe`q Eaafzpebcf 9 Iex/:(544# :(167$ 39 :(;6 VK06 9 :(167 9 Iex/:(:;0#:$ , :(526 , : VK06e 9 :(544 9 Idh/:(167# :(061$ VK06b 9 :(167 9 Iex/:(215 , :(526# :(:40 , :(526$ VK06b5 9 :(167 9 Iex/: , :(526#:(:40 , :(526$ VK06b2 9 9 Iex/:(167#$ VK06b1 9 :(167 9 :(1;6-:(?;6 , :(526 VK06b0 9 :(061 Rfu( Fxpfrdnr zrfqqvrf

5

Wfqqfc [fdkop eh` Wncvif Qeizcf Wfrpdaec Wfqqfc @fqardzpdnh

2 1 0 6 7 ; ? 4 5: 55 52 51 50 56 57 5; 5?

Wncvif= 2 5(:: 52(:: 54:(::

hofe` ) Hvibfr ng ofe`q> QK ) Gcvd` Qzfadgda Krewdpt WF \gp1Y ) Wncvif ng Feao Ofe` WQ \gp1Y ) Wncvif ng Qofcc

Anhqprvapdnh= ;?4 [o \cbY ) [fdkop ng Feao Ofe` 15?5 [q \cbY ) [fdkop ng Qofcc 76: [i \cbY ) Idqa [fdkop Aecavcepdnhq= W \gp1Y 9 W2 \Diz( KeccnhqY 9 W1 \VQ KeccnhqY 9 [g \cbY 9 [A \cbY 9 [P \cbY 9

WF-hofe` , WQ W-7(224 W-;(0?:6 72(1;-QK-W [o-hofe` , [q , [i [A , [g

pnpec wncvif

gcvd` {fdkop anhqprvapdnh {fdkop pnpec {fdkop

52-2 , 54: 9 250-7(224 9 250-;(0?:6 9 72(1;-5-250 9 ;?4-2 , 15?5 , 76: 9 60:4(?1 , 5110;(5? 9

250(:: 5#111(:5 5#7::(?1 51#10;(5? 6#0:4(?1 5?#;6;(:5

5

Cdgpdhk Cvkq Qeizcf Wfqqfc 0 Cdgphk Cvkq @fqardzpdnh

2 1 0 6 7 ; ? 4 5: 55 52 51 50 56 57 5; 5? 54 2: 25 22 21 20 26 27 2; 2? 24 1: 15 12 11 10 16 17 1; 1? 14 0: 05 02 01 00 06 07 0;

@difhqdnhq= 7#::: ?(::: :(6:: 2(6:: 5(6:: 2(6:: :(26:

Cne` \cbY ) wfqqfc {fdkop fizpt [ \dhY ) {d`po Podal \dhY ) cvk podalhfqq O \dhY ) oncf ofdkop @de \dhY ) oncf `deifpfr NR \dhY ) nvpqd`f re`dvq [fc` \dhY ) cfk qd}f

Cne` Aeqf

NR @de Cne` A Aeqf Cne`

O

QE)657 ;: Iepfrdec 2:#::: QE \zqdY ) eccn{f` qprfqq dh pfhqdnh Ecc ng cne` eqqvif` aerrdf` bt nhf cvk [ fc` Ecc cne` aeqfq ehect}f` dh`fzfh`fhpct [ Hfwfr cne` cvk zfrzfh`davcer pn geaf Anhpnvr cvk pn gdp wfqqfc @n hnp inwf nr qvzznrp wfqqfc {dpo podq cvk {ofh gvcc nr zrfqqvrd}f` QB 9 VK)10/b$ Iex Bfh`dhk Qprfqq# QQ 9 DD@ Pbc 5E/`$ Iex Qofer Qprfqq# QQ{ 9 V[)56/a$ V[)56 Iex [fc` Qofer

QB \zqdY 9 QE - 5(6 QQ \zqdY 9 QE - :(? QQ{ \zqdY 9 QE - :(04 Pfhqdcf Qprfqq /aeqf 5$= E5 \dh Y 9 Podal-/NR)@de.2$ E \dh Y 9 E5 - 2 Qprfqq \zqdY 9 Cne` . E AofalPfhQpr 9 AofalPfhQpr 9 Qprfqq 39 QE 2

2

Zdh Bferdhk Qprfqq /aeqf 5 eh` 2$= Erfe \dh Y 9 @de - Podal ZdhQprfqq \zqdY 9 Cne` . Erfe AofalZdhQpr AofalZdhQpr 9 9 ZdhQprfqq 39 /5(7 - QE$ 2

Bfh`dhk Qprfqq /aeqf 2$= Inifhp \dh)cbY 9 Cne` - O D \dh Y 9 Podal - [X1 . 52 a \dhY 9 [.2 Bfh`Qprfqq \zqdY 9 Inifhp-a.D AofalBfh`Qpr 9 AofalBfh`Qpr 9 Bfh`Qprfqq 39 QB 0

Qofer Qprfqq /aeqf 2$= QorErfe \dh Y 9 [-Podal QorQprfqq \zqdY 9 Cne`.QorErfe AofalQoQpr 9 AofalQoQpr 9 QorQprfqq 39 QQ 2

[fc` Qprfqq /aeqf 5$= Adra \dhY 9 [-2,Podal-2,[fc`-0 [-2,Podal-2,[fc`-0 [fcÈrfe \dh Y 9 Adra - [fc` [fc`Qprfqq \zqdY 9 Cne` . [fcÈrfe Aofal[c`Qpr 9 Aofal[c`Qpr 9 [fc`Qprfqq 39 QQ{ 2

2:::: - 5(6 9 1:#::: 2:::: - :(? 9 57#::: 2:::: - :(04 9 4#?:: :(6-/2(6)5(6.2$ 9 :(?;6 - 2 9 7::: . 5(;6 9 1024 39 2:::: 9

:(?;6 5(;6: 1#024 Eaafzpebcf

5(6 - :(6 9 :(;6: 7::: . :(;6 9 ?#::: ?::: 39 /5(7 - 2::::$ 9 Eaafzpebcf 7::: - 2(6 9 :(6 - ?X1 . 52 9 ?.2 9 56:::-0.25(111 9 2?51 39 1:::: 9

56#::: 25(111 0(::: 2#?51 Eaafzpebcf

?-:(6 9 0(::: 7:::.0 9 5#6:: 56:: 39 57::: 9 Eaafzpebcf ?-2,:(6-2,:(26-0 9 5? - :(26 9 7::: . 0(6 9 5111 39 4?:: 9

[fc` Qprfqq /aeqf 2$= Inifhp2 \dh)cbY 9 Cne` - O 7::: - 2(6 9 D2 \dh Y 9 /Podal ,2-[fc`$- /[,2-[fc`$X1 . 52 ) D /:(6 ,2-:(26$- /?,2-:(26$X1 . 52 ) 25(111 9 a2 \dhY 9 [.2 , [fc` ?.2 , :(26 9 [c`Qprfqq2 \zqdY 9 Inifhp2-a2.D2 56:::-0(26.24(?00 9 Aofal[c`Qpr2 9 [c`Qprfqq2 39 QQ{ 2517 39 4?:: 9

5?(::: 0(6:: 5#111 Eaafzpebcf 56#:::

0

0? 04 6: 65

24(?00 0(26: 2#517 Eaafzpebcf

56

Wfr 2(20 Wfqqfc Nh Bfeiq Wfr 2(20

54 2: 25 22 21 20 26 27 2; 2? 24 1: 15 12 16 1? 14 0: 05 02 01 65 62 61 60 66 67 6; 6? 64 7: 75 72 71 70 76 77 7; 7? 74

;5 ;2 ;1 ;0 ;6 ;7 ;; ;? ;4 ?: ?0 40 46 47 4; 4? 44 5:: 5:5 5:2 552

;)Meh):4

DBA)2:::

Qeizcf Wfrpdaec Wfqqfc 3) Wfqqfc

5; 5?

Wfqqfc @difhqdnhq /Dhao eh` Cbq$= 572(6:: 3) O# ofdkop ng krewdpt 4:(::: 3) C# afhpfr ng krewdpt 2;(::: 3) cq# cfk grff cfhkpo 7:(::: 3) @n# qofcc nvpqd`f `deifpfr 7:(6:: 3) `q# cfk zdpao `deifpfr :(6:: 3) p# qofcc anrrn`f` podalhfqq :(26: 3) {q ) cfk {fc` qd}f 5?(::: 3) c{ ) cfhkpo ng cfk pn qofcc {fc` 16(::: 3) c{g ) cfhkpo ng {fc` nh gnnp 54#::: 3) [# [fdkop cbq 566(2 3) Zr# Zrfqqvrf Qdpf Qzfadgda Qfdqida Dhgnriepdnh zfr DBA)2:::= zfr DBA)2:::= 5(::: 3) D# naavzepdnh diznrpehaf geapnr F 3) Qdpf Aceqq :(;6: 3) Qq# Eaafcfrepdnh Eaa ep Qonrp Zfrdn`q :(1:: 3) Q5# Eaafcf repdnh ep e zfrdn` ng nhf qfanh` 5(2:: 3) Ge# Qdpf Anfggdadfhp 2(?:: 3) Gw# Qdpf Anfggdadfhp Rfqznhqf In`dgdaepdnh Geapnr 1(::: 3) R# Rfq Cfk Qvzznrpq= [7x56 0 24(5:: 4(12: 5(07: 0(01: 7(::: 7(::: :(?::

3) Qprvapvrec @fqardzpdnh 3) h# hvibfr ng cfkq ng cfkq 3) Dx# gnr nhf cfk 3) Dt# gnr nhf cfk 3) gGeapnr# Cfeqp re`dvq ng Ktrepdnh ng Ktrepdnh 3) E# Cfk Arnqq Qfapdnhec Erfe 3) 2ax# Bfei @fzpo 3) 2at# Bfei [d`po 3) L5# Cfk Ehaonr Geapnr

Iepfrdec Zrnzfrpdfq= 5;#5:: 3) iexdivi cfk bfh`dhk qprfqq /Qb$ 2:#::: 3) iexdivi qofcc qprfqq /Qe$ Eppeaoifhp @difhqdnhq= 7(::: 3) 2A5# [d`po ng rfapehkvcer cne`dhk rfapehkvcer cne`dhk 7(::: 3) 2A2# Cfhkpo ng rfapehkvcer cne`dhk rfapehkvcer cne`dhk Qpepda @fgcfapdnh Qpepda @fgcfapdnh F 9 1:#:::#::: ba 9 52(: cfk bnvhèrt anh`dpdnh beqf` nh gdxf` nr cnnqf cfk t 9 /2-[-cqX1$./ba-h-F-/Dx , Dt$$ 9 /2-54:::-2;X1$./52-0-1:::::::-/24(5 , 4(12$$ Zfrdn` ng Wdbrepdnh ng Wdbrepdnh k 9 1?7 P 9 2-zd-qurp/t.k$ Beqf Qofer Qiq 9 Qi5 9 Q`q 9 Q`5 9 Aq 9 AqIE_ 9 AqIDH 9 Aqgdhec 9 W9

92 - 1(50 - qurp/:(:5.1?7$

Ge-Qq 9 5(2-:(;6 Gw-Q5 9 2(?-:(1 2.1-Qiq 9 2.1-:(4 2.1-Qi5 9 2.1-:(?0 Q`q./R.D$ 9 :(7./1.5$ Q`5./P-R.D$ 9 :(67./:(:1;-1.5$ :(:00-Q`q-D 9 :(:00-:(7-5 dg/aq39aqiex# dg/aq8aqidh# aq# aqidh$# aqidh$# aqiex$ Aqgdhec-[ 9 :(2-54:::

t 9 :(:50

P 9 :(:1; Qiq 9 Qi5 9 Q`q 9 Q`5 9 Aq 9 AqIE_ 9 AqIDH 9 Aqgdhec 9 W9

:(4 :(?0 :(7:: :(67: :(2:: 6(:2: :(:27 :(2:: 1?::

556 55; 55? 554 52: 525 522 521 520 526 527 52; 52? 524 51: 515 512 511 510 516 517 51;

Qeizcf Wfrpdaec Wfqqfc Wfqqfc Nh Bfeiq Onrd}nhpec Qfdqida Gnraf ep Pnz ng Wfqqfc ng Wfqqfc Gpiex 9 :(26-W 9 :(26 - 1?:: Gpz 9 :(:; - P - W 9 :(:; - :(:1; - 1?:: Gp 9 dg /P 3 :(;# :# idh/:(:;-P-W# Gpiex$$ Onrd}nhpec Qfdqida Gnraf ep ak ep ak Go 9 W ) Gp

505 502 501 500 506 507 50; 50? 504 56: 565 562 561 560 566 567 56; 56? 564 57: 575 572 571 570 576 577 57; 57?

Gpiex 9 46: Gpz 9 4(?4 Gp 9 :

9 1?:: ) :

Go 9 1#?::

Wfrpdaec gnraf ep ak ep ak Gw 9 [ Nwfrpvrhdhk Inifhp ep Beqf ep Beqf Ib 9 C-Go , O-Gp

Gw 9 54#::: 9 4: - 1?:: , 572(6 - :

Ib 9 102#:::

Nwfrpvrhdhk Inifhp ep Bnppni Pehkfhp Cdhf Pehkfhp Cdhf Ip 9 /C)cq$-Go , /O)cq$-Gp 9 /4: ) 2;$ - 1?:: , /572(6 ) 2;$ - : Iexdivi faafhprda cne` faafhprda cne` g5 9 Gw.h , 0-Ipn./h-@n$

Ip 9 214#0::

9 54:::.0 , 0-2140::./0 - 7:$

g5 9 ?#;0:

9 54:::.0 , 0-102:::./0 - 7:(6$

g2 9 5:#0:1

Exdec Cne` Exdec Cne` g2 9 Gw.h , 0-Ib./h-`q$

51? 514 50:

;)Meh):4

Cfk Cne`q Cfk Cne`q g1x 9 :(6-W-Dx./Dx,Dt$ g1t 9 :(6-W-Dt./Dx,Dt$ Cfk Bfh`dhk Inifhpq Bfh`dhk Inifhpq f 9 /`q)@n$.2 Ix 9 g5-f , g1x-cq It 9 g5-f , g1t-cq Cfk Bfh`dhk Qprfqq Bfh`dhk Qprfqq Qbiex 9 Qb - 5(26 gx 9 Ix-ax.Dx gt 9 It-at.Dt

9:(6- 1?::-24(5 ./ 24(5,4(12$ 9:(6- 1?::-4(12 ./ 24(5,4(12$

g1x 9 5#014 g1t 9 075

9/7:(6)7:$.2 9?;0:-:(26 , 5014-2; 9?;0:-:(26 , 075-2;

f 9 :(26 Ix 9 05#:05 It 9 50#724

95;5:: - 5(26 905:05 - 1 . 24(5 950724 - 1 . 4(12

Cfk exdec qprfqq exdec qprfqq L5-cq.gGeapnr 9 L5-cq.gGeapnr 9 9:(? - 2; . 5(07 Ge iex 9 EDQA an`f cnnlvz beqf` nh L5-cq.r ge 9 g2.E 95:0:1 . 0(01

Eaafzpebcf Eaafzpebcf

L5-cq.gGeapnr 9 50(;46 Ge iex 9 26#7;6 Eaafzpebcf ge 9 2#10?

Iexdivi Fvcfr Qprfqq Fvcfr Qprfqq Gf 9 52-zdX2-F./21-/L5-C.r$X2$ 9 52-zdX2-1:::::::./21-50(;46X2$ Anibdhf` Qprfqq Anibdhf` Qprfqq Ga5 9 ge.Geiex , :(?6-gx.//5)ge.Gf$-Qbiex$ 9 210?.267;6 , :(?6-0215.//5)210?.;:6;?6$-251;6$ Ga2 9 ge.Geiex , :(?6-gt.//5)ge.Gf$-Qbiex$ 9 210?.267;6 , :(?6-0;:4.//5)210?.;:6;?6$-251;6$

Qbiex 9 25#1;6 gx 9 0#215 gt 9 0#;:4

Gf 9 ;:6#;?6 Eaafzpebcf Ga5 9 :(27 Eaafzpebcf Ga2 9 :(2?

5;5 5;2 5;1 5;0 5;6 5;7 5;;

Qeizcf Wfrpdaec Wfqqfc Wfqqfc Nh Bfe

;)Meh):4

Bfei pn Qofcc Eppeaoifhp Qprfqqfq Bfei @difhqdnhq ax 9 2ax.2 at 9 2at.2

ax 9 1(::: at 9 1(:::

5;? 5;4 5?: 5?5 5?2 5?1 5?0 5?6 5?7 5?; 5?? 5?4 54: 545 542 541 540 546 547 54; 54? 544 2:: 2:5 2:2 2:1 2:0 2:6 2:7 2:; 2:? 2:4 25: 255 252 251 250 256 257

A `difhqdnhq gnr {fc` qprfqq {fc` qprfqq {fc` erfe 9 {q-c{ {e 9 0(6:: {ax 9 c{.2 {ax 9 4(::: {a} 9 at , {q {a} 9 1(26: {at 9 qurp/{axX2 , {atX2$ Qofer Gnraf @dqprdbvpdnh Wx 9 /W-Dx$.//h.2$-/Dx,Dt$$ Wt 9 /W-Dt$.//h.2$-/Dx,Dt$$ Wk 9 [.h

9 qurp/4X2 , 4(674X2$

[fc` Inifhpq ng Dhfrpdeq ng Dhfrpdeq D{x 9 /{q-c{X1.52$-2 D{} 9 /c{-{qX1.52 , {e-/at,{q.2$X2$-2 9 /5?-:(26X1.52 , 0(6-/1,:(26.2$X2$-2 D{t 9 D{x ,D{} , D{}

9 /1?::-4(12$. ,

9 /:(26-5?X1.52$-2

D{x 9 201(: D{} 9 ?;(4

9 201 , ??

D{t 9 11:(4

[fc` Inifhpq [fc` Inifhpq Ix 9 9 It5 9 I} 9

Wx-/cq,c{.2$ , Wk-/`q)@n$.2 5014-/2;,5?.2$ , 0;6:-/7:(6)7:$.2 Wt-/cq,c{.2$ Wt-/`q)@n$.2

9 075-/2;,5?.2$ 9 075-/7:(6)7:$.2

[fc` Qprfqqfq [fc` Qprfqqfq Qx 9 Qt 9 Q} 9 Qk 9

Ix-{ax.D{x It5-{at.D{t I}-{a}.D{} Wk./{e-2$

9 05:05-4.201 9 57641-4(674.11:(4 9 556-1(26.?;(4 9 0;6:./0(6-2$

Qprfqq Cdidpq eh` Repdnq eh` Repdnq Qcdi 9 idh/Qb#Qe$-:(04 QxR 9 QtR 9 Q}R 9 QkR 9

Qx.Qcdi Qt.Qcdi Q}.Qcdi Qk.Qcdi

Bfh`dhk P{dqpdhk Pnrdqdnh Krewdpt

Ix 9 62#446

254 22: 225 222 221 220 226 227 22;

It5 9 57#641 I} 9 556

9 idh/5;5::#2::::$-:(04 9 9 9 9

562:.?1;4 0?:.?1;4 0.?1;4 62?.?1;4 Eaafzpebcf

25; 25?

Wx 9 5#014 Wt 9 075 Wk 9 0#;6:

9 /1?::-24(5$. //0.2$-/24(5,4(12$$

krewdpt

Gnnp Zcepf Eppeaoifhp Qprfqqfq Eppeaoifhp Qprfqqfq {eg 9 {q-c{g Ww 9 W.h Qw 9 Ww.{eg Qkg 9 Wk.{eg QwRg 9 Qw.Qcdi QkRg 9 Qkg.Qcdi

{at 9 4(674

{fc` erfe dh gnnp gnnp 9 :(26-16 9 1?::.0

Qx 9 Qt 9 Q} 9 Qk 9

5#62: 0?: 0 62?

Qcdi 9 ?#1;4 QxR 9 QtR 9 Q}R 9 QkR 9 pnpec /35$

:(5?5 :(:6; :(::5 :(:71 :(1:2

{eg 9 ?(;6: Ww 9 46:

9 46:.?(;6 9 0;6:.?(;6

Qw 9 5:4 Qkg 9 601

9 5:4.?1;4 9 602(?6;.?1;4 Eaafzpebcf

QwRg 9 QwRg 9 :(:51 QkRg 9 QkRg 9 :(:76 pnpec /35$ :(:;?

;)Meh):4

215

212

[RA 5:; ) qofcc cnaec qprfqq ep qvzznrp

211 210

Cne`q /zqd eh` cb$ 5#014(5 5:#0:2(4 :(: 50#724(6 :(: :(:

216 217 21; 21? 214 20:

3) Z# Exdec Cne` /9wx$ 3) WC# Cnhkdpv`dhec Cnhkdpv`dhec cne`/9g2$ 3) Wa# Adravigfrfhpdec cne` 3) IC# Inifhp /9It$ 3) Ia# Inifhp 3) IP# Pnrdqdnhec

205 202 201 200 206 207 20; 20? 204 26: 2?: 2?5 2?2 2?1 2?0 2?6 2?7 2?; 2?? 2?4 24: 245

Zereifpfrq IexQZi 9 Qe gnr Zi qprfqqfq IexQZib 9 5(6-Qe gnr Zi , Zb qprfqqfq IexQZibU 9 5(6-Qe gnr Zi , Zb , U Rd 9 /@n)2-P$.2 Ri 9 /@n)P$.2 r 9 Ri.P Bfpe5 9 2A5.2.Ri Bfpe2 9 2A2.2.Ri QC 9 /Rd):(0-P$-Zr./2-P$ Qa 9 /Rd,:(7-P$-Zr.P Qprfqq anhafhprepdnh geapnrq Qofcc Anibdhf` Qprfqqfq= Anibdhf` Qprfqqfq= Cnnlvz E Avrwf E Wecvf E Wecvf 0A 1A WDDD)5 An`f Zrfqqvrf Qprfqq 4( 4(?:4?5 ;(4441; 1A nr 0 nr 0A Hn./Z.Ri$ A) 5 : (5 (5:; 17 17 : (: (: ;2 ;2 50 50 5A nr 2 nr 2 A) In.Z 1E 2(::104 Hn./Ia. 5E :(:?4;7 In./Ia./Ri-bfpe$$ 1B 7(7221? Hn./IC./RiX2-bfpe$$ nr 5B)5 :(:0:60 In./IC./Ri-bfpe$$ 5B nr 5

242 241 240 246 247 24; 24? 244 1:: 1:5

WDDD)5 An`f 1A nr 0 nr 0A 5A)5 nr 2 nr 2A Ix.Z 0E Hx./Ia. 2E Ix./Ia./Ri-bfpe$$ 0B Hx./IC. nr 2B)5 Ix./IC./Ri-bfpe$$ 2B nr 2 Zrfqqvrf Qprfqq Hx./Z.Ri$

1:2 1:1 1:0 1:6

Qofer WC

1:7

Qofer WA

1:;

Pnpec Qofer

1:?

Q5i

1:4

Q2i

15:

Q52

155

Q21

152

Q15

151

Qi39 IexQZib

150

Q5i,b

156

Q2i,b

157

Q52

15;

Q21

15?

Q15

154

Qib39 IexQZib

12:

Q5i,b,U

125

Q2i,b,U

122

Q52

121

Q21

120

Q15

126

Qib39 IexQZibU

4( 4(?:4?5 :(:;565

;(4441; :(5:46; 1(:2651 :(:01;0 5(47;01 :(:6?5;

Zi ) zrdiert ifibrehaf qprfqq Zb ) zrdiert bfh`dhk qprfqq U ) qfanhèrt qprfqq

9 9 9 9 9

IexQZi 9 IexQZib 9

IexQZibU 9 Rd 9 Ri 9 r 9 r 9 Bfpe5 9 Bfpe2 9 QC 9 Qa 9 Lh 9

24(;6.:(6 7.2.24(;6 7.2.24(;6 /24(6):(0-:(6$-566(54;./2-:(6$ /24(6,:(7-:(6$-566(54;.:(6 Lb 9 5 Fuvepdnh

QC Lh-E-Z./Ri-P$ Lb-E-7-Z.PX2 Lh-E-Ia./RiX2-bfpe-P$ Lb-E-7-Ia./Ri-bfpe-PX2$ Lh-E-IC./RiX2-bfpe-P$ Lb-E-7-IC./Ri-bfpe-PX2$ Zi Zi,Zb Zi,Zb,U

Aep Zi Zi Zb Zi U Zi U Qn Qn Qn Zi Zi Zb Zi U Zi U Qx Qx Qx

WC./Zd-qurp/a5-a2$-P$ WA./Zd-qurp/a5-a2$-P$ Qvi ng qoferq

Pxn

QA Lh-E-Z./Ri-P$ Lb-E-7-Z.PX2 Lh-E-Ia./RiX2-bfpe-P$ Lb-E-7-Ia./Ri-bfpe-PX2$ Lh-E-IC./RiX2-bfpe-P$ Lb-E-7-IC./Ri-bfpe-PX2$ Zi Zi,Zb Zi,Zb,U

//Q x, x,Qn$. 2$ 2$, QU QU RP RP///Q x) x)Q n$ n$.2$ X2 X2,PxnX2$ //Qx,Qn$.2$)QURP///Q x) x)Qn$.2$X2,PxnX2$ ebq/Q5i ) Q2i$ ebq/Q2i):$ ebq/:)Q5i$ iex/Q52#Q21#Q15$391:::: //Q x, x,Qn$. 2$ 2$, QU QU RP RP///Q x) x)Q n$ n$.2$ X2 X2,PxnX2$ //Qx,Qn$.2$)QURP///Q x)Qn$.2$X2,PxnX2$ ebq/Q5i ) Q2i$ ebq/Q2i):$ ebq/:)Q5i$ iex/Q52#Q21#Q15$391:::: //Q x, x,Qn$. 2$ 2$, QU QU RP RP///Q x) x)Q n$ n$.2$ X2 X2,PxnX2$ //Qx,Qn$.2$)QURP///Q x)Qn$.2$X2,PxnX2$ ebq/Q5i ) Q2i$ ebq/Q2i):$ ebq/:)Q5i$ iex/Q52#Q21#Q15$397::::

Eaaf Ea afzp zpeb ebcf cf

Eaaf Ea afzp zpeb ebcf cf

Eaaf Ea afzpe zpebcf bcf

2:#::: 1:#::: 1:#::: 24(6 24(;6 64(6: :(5:5 :(5:5 0#60; 4#26: 5

Ev 426: )404 )2042

EC 426: )404 2042

Bv Bv 426: )404 )2042

BC BC 426: )404 2042

) 25 25;5 )0775 751: 171? )5:21 060; );;0 )1;?0

) 25 25;5 077 775 5 751: ?725 512?2 060; );;0 1;?0

25; 5;5 5 077 775 5 5:0;2 ;4?: 5 27 2705 060; );;0 )1;?0

25; 5;5 5 )0775 5: 5:0;2 52471 ?1:2 060; );;0 1;?0

)706 )70?7 152? )767 );502

)706 70? 0?7 7 152? 7451 51144

706 70? 0?7 7 005? 710 ;52:

706 )70?7 005? ?2:1 5;5;

: : 7#51 : 1#52? 1#::5 1#52? 7#51: 7#5 7# 51: 1#71 ? )767 0#240 767 1#71? 0#2 0# 240 )5#:21 );#502 7#554 ;#502 5#:21 ;#50 ;# 502 2

: : 7#51: 1#52? 1# 1#::5 1# 1#52? 7# 7 #51: 7#51 7# 51: : ?#725 7#451 5# 5#;:4 7# 7#451 ?# ?#725 ?#72 ?# 725 5 51#144 51 51#2?2 557 51#2?2 51#144 51#1 51 #144 44

: : 5: #0 #0;2 0#05? 7#:61 0#05? 5:#0;2 5:#0 5: #0;2 ;2 ;#4?: 710 ;#107 710 ;#4?: ;#4? ;# 4?: : 52 #7 #705 ;#52: 6#625 ;#52: 52#705 52#705 52#7 05

: : 5: #0 #0;2 0#05? 7#:61 0#05? 5:#0;2 5:#0; 5:# 0;2 2 52 #4 #471 ?#2:1 0#;75 ?#2:1 52#471 52#4 52 #471 71 ?#1:2 5#;5; 7#6?6 5#;5; ?#1:2 ?#1:2 ?#1 :2

Av 426: );;0 )1;:? : :

AC 426: );;0 1;:? : :

@v 426: );;0 )1;:? : :

@C 426: );;0 1;:? : :

?0 ?0;7 ?0;7 0; 0;7? 52 525?0 0;7? 5 25 25?0 060; 060; )404 )404 )20;: 20;: : : : :

?0;7 ?0;7 0; 0;7? 52 525?0 0 ;7 ;7? 5 25 25?0 060; 060; )404 )404 )20;: 20;: : : : :

1 64 64? 55 552? 552? )22:? )22 :?

1 64 64? 7: 7 :7? 7:7? )22:? )22 :?

1 64 64? 55 552? 552? 22:? 22 :?

1 64 64? 7: 7:7? 7:7? 22:? 22 :?

)22:? 4#12; 2#;0; 7#6;4 2#;0; 4#12; 4#12; 4#12 ; 6#?:4 ?; 6#;22 ?; 6#?:4 6#?:4 6#?: 4 6#?:4 ?; ?; 6#;22 ?; 6#?:4 6#?: 6# ?:4 4

)22:? 4#12; 2#;0; 7#6;4 2#;0; 4#12; 4#12 4# 12; ; 52 #? #?4; 6#160 ;#601 6#160 52#?4; 52#?4 52#? 4; 52 #? #?4; 6# 6#160 ;#601 6#160 52#?4; 52#?4; 52#?4 ;

22:? 4#12; 2#;0; 7#6;4 2#;0; 4#12; 4#12 4# 12; ; 6#?:4 ?; 6#;22 ?; 6#?:4 6#?:4 6#?:4 6#?:4 ?; ?; 6#;22 ?; 6#?:4 6#?:4 6#?:4

22:? 4 #1 #12; 2#;0; 7#6;4 2#;0; 4#12; 4#12 4# 12; ; 52#?4; 6#160 ;#601 6#160 52#?4; 52#?4 52# ?4; ; 52#?4; 6# 6#160 ;#601 6#160 52#?4; 52#?4; 52#? 4;

521

520

Design of pressure vessels under ASME Section VIII

Recommend Documents