chapter 2 - physical characteristics

CHAPTER 2 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

2.1

Geographical Location The City of Toledo Toledo is located located at the midpoint of the west coast coast of

Cebu Island, about 50 kilometers from Cebu City, and is directly opposite to San Carlos City, about 40 kilometers away across the Tañon

Strait which

separates Cebu from Negros Island. Toledo City is bounded by the municipalities of Balamban on the north, Pinamungajan on the south, Cebu City and Talisay on the east, Minglanilla and Naga on the southeast and the Tañon Strait on the west. west. It is about 8,000 kilometers kilometers away from Metro Manila. Toledo City extends 10

20’ to 10 26’N Latitude and from 12

35’ to

12 49’ Longitude Longitude midway along the West Coast of the elongated elongated island island Province of Cebu.

2.2

Political Subdivision Toledo City is under the Third District of Cebu province. It is

composed of thirty-eight (38) barangays, ten (10) of which are urban and twenty-eight (28) are rural barangays.

2.3

Land Area The total total land land

area area

of the city city

as of 1998 1998

is 21,627 21,627.75 .7570 70 has., has.,

although it was reported in the Provincial Physical Framework Plan (PPFP) of 1994, as 219.75 sq. km. Table 2.1 shows the city barangay barangays s with their respectiv respective e areas areas in hectares.

City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

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FIG. 2.01 TOLEDO CITY LOCATION MAP


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Table 2.1 Toledo City Barangays, Number of Parcels and Total Land Area (in Hectares) Name of Ba Barangay

1. Campo 8 2. Bunga 3. Bato 4. Tubod 5. Subayon 6. Ca Capt. Claudio 7. CalongCalong 8. Gen. Climaco 9. Matab-ang 10. Carmen 11. Cantabaco 12. Magdugo 13. Awihao 14. Sam-ang 15. Sto. Niño 16. Poblacion 17. Ilihan 18. Puting Bato 19. Cabitoonan 20. Bulongan 21. Ibo 22. Poog 23. Landahan 24. Luray II 25. Canlumampao 26. Cambang-ug 27. Dumlog 28. Talavera 29. Bagacay 30. Loay 31. Tungkay 32. Media Once 33. Sagay 34. Sangi 35. Pangamihan 36. DAS 37. Biga 38. Daan Lungsod

Total No. of of ta tax parcel land

Area (hectares)

58 176 1789 267 285 429 131 181 685 188 480 428 923 215 346 1,355 237 168 792 382 457 423 194 652 281 175 149 441 51 41 13 507 402 523 121 513 290 (combined with Sangi)

242.4065 461.56 482.6413 337.9107 240.8631 1213.4658 45.7004 1121.1795 831.0406 365.9709 1148.5171 658.9380 484.9300 565.5725 278.3154 2213.103 172.6457 445.9595 298.2104 636.9967 273.2331 193.2716 442.5664 154.9390 614.1291 557.1678 172.6457 854.1250 141.1203 219.0056 17.7000 831.0406 445.9595 104.5558 419.8609 1820.6765 3150.31 43.7209

TOTAL 14,763 Source: City Assessor’s Office, as of Dec. 2006


21,431.4133

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FIG. 2.02 BARANGAY BARANGAY MAP OF TOLEDO CITY CITY Source: Knowledge Center, Metropolitan Water District, Cebu City, 2006


Page 7

2.4

Topography or Slope The terrain terrain of Toledo Toledo City is characte characterized rized by the Narrow Narrow Coastal Coastal

Plain that give way abruptly to a few rolling hills and rugged mountain ranges and slopes. Roughly 20 sq. km. (2000 hectares) along the coast line have elevations of less than 40 meters above sea level. There are fairly level and rolling plateaus and valley comprising some 57 sq. km (5,700 has) spread spread throughout throughout the interior. interior. The highest highest mountain mountain peak is

700 meters meters

above sea level.

2.5

Soil Type Toledo City has seven types of soil. Roughly 75% of the total land

area are Lugo Clay, Faraon Steep Phase and Baguio Clay loam, located in the mountainous portion of the city. Mandaue Silt Loam, Beach Sand, Faraon Clay and Bolinao Clay are the other types of soil with first three dominating the coastal portions of the city.

TABLE 2.2 Soil Type and Characteristics of Toledo Soil Ty Type

Faraon Clay

Fara Faraon on Clay Clay Stee Steep p Phas Phase e

Lugo Clay

Description/Characteristics an and Recommend Use

The general topography of Faraon Clay is hilly with roug roughl hlyy roll rollin ing g slop slopes es.. The The dist distin ingu guis ishi hing ng characteristics of the soil are black and heavy clay soil and the surface is littered with pebbles and cobbles of limestones. Like the other tye of soil, the Faraon series, this type t ype is well-drained. well-drained. Faraon Clay is friable, fluffy and granular and does not harden nor shrink upon drying. When dry it can be easily picked picked with with the hand and poured poured out in a manner manner that seed is sown over a seedbed. This This type type of soil soil cove covers rs the the high high,, stee steep p lime limest ston one e hills. Soil of this type was formed from the underlying bed of rocks of limestone. The bedrock is calcareous, calcareous, with poroes coralline rocks with colors ranging from white to yellowish gray. This soil type is in upland roughly rolling to hilly areas which is dissected by numerous gullies and creeks. Lugo Clay is residual soil developed from limy shale. Soil erosion is so severe in this type of soil that a greater part of the surface soil especially along the slopes has been washed down. The absence of the stones or rock outcrops and the fine granular structure of the surface causes the high erodibility of the soil type. Corn growth on this soil type seldom gives good harvest, the range yield being from 5-7 cavans per hectare. Coconuts


Page 8

- continuation of Soil Types

and Characteristics Characterist ics -

likewis likewise e do not grow well on this type. type. Bananas Bananas seem to grow well when grown along the gullies. The plants produce big and good fruits. Baguio Clay Loam

Beach Sand

Mandawe Silt Loam

This soil type is of residual formation, has dark brown to brown surface soil that ranges in depth from 20 to 30 centimete centimeters rs and is rich in organic organic matter. It ahs a medium coarse granular structure. This type is well drained. This soil type is an accumulation of wave and current current erosion erosion material materialss from the sea. It has no well-defined well-defined characteristics, being principally structure of deposited sandy materials. The sur surface soi soil of th this typ type, wh which ran ranges in thickness thickness from 25 to 30 cm., is light light brown brown to depending upon the amount of organic matter and moisture content. Deep plowing can be done on this soil by any type of farm tillage machinery, without fear of hitting any stones. The greater part of this soil type is planted to lowland (area) rice. The other part which is better drained is devoted either to corn, coconut, cassava, sugarcane, or fruit trees.


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FIG. 2.03 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OF TOLEDO CITY


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FIG. 2.04 SLOPE MAP OF TOLEDO CITY City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 11

FIG. 2.05 SOIL MAP OF TOLEDO CITY


Page 12

2.6

Climate Cebu Island is located within the Philippines typhoon belt. Slightly

strong winds from northeast follow a normal track in January to March, hit the general area of Toledo at an average of once a year. Although shielded by Cebu’s mountain ranges, the winds still hit Toledo’s mountain barangays and part of lowland areas particularly in the vicinity of Dumlog and Sangi where disastrous typhoons cause floodwater to rise beyond normal level. Dry season season comes comes in February February through April, April, based based on data from Camp 7 PAGASA Station. Rainy days fall between June and November, averaging averaging experi experienc enced ed

15 days in a 13-year 13-year observat observation ion period. Heaviest Heaviest rains are in

Octobe Octoberr

with with

a

17-day 17-day

avera average, ge, 7

days days

of

which which

are

measured measured at 50 mm and 40 days days at 100 mm. These These records records are assumed assumed without “El Niño” phenomenon scenario. Mean relative temperature is highest in April and May at 28.2 and 28.4 degrees Celsius, respectively and lowest in January and February at 26.3 and 26.4 degrees Celsius, respectively. Mean relative humidity goes up in July at 78% then goes down down in August at 77% before it shoots shoots up to its peak at 79% in October and and November through through March, until it reaches reaches its lowest in April at 71.9%.

Hydrology The whole area of

Toledo Toledo is endowed endowed with a number number of natural natural

waterways waterways.. The biggest biggest and most significant significant of these these is the Sapangdak Sapangdaku u river. Collection of rainwater is made in open canals and natural drainage creeks especially in Barangay Poblacion.

2.7

Wind Direction Owing to Toledo’s topography and geographical features, micro-

climatic conditions may be observed while prevailing winds generally take a similar similar pattern pattern to that of the whole Cebu island. The City is exposed exposed to northwesterly winds during the month of June and is more severely hit by southwesterly winds in the months of July July and August. The city is shielded shielded from the westerly winds by the high mountain ranges of Negros Island across the Tañon Strait. On the other hand, the mountain ranges of Cebu Island offer a natural barrier from the full force of the northeasterly winds.


Page 13

Toledo’s coasts experience strong waves from the sea lash on the month of January and February and slightly weaken in July and August. Toledo’s exposure to these winds tends to cause problems on off-shore development and directional patterns of the wind during a certain period of time affect the urban center of the city.

TABLE 2.3 CLIMATOLOGICAL CLIMATOLOGICAL NORMALS (1973-2005) 33 YEARS PERIOD Cebu PAGASA Complex Station

TEMPERATURE IN

MEAN

MEAN

No. of Tropical Cyclone

CELSIUS

RELATIVE

CLOUDI-

that passed 100K from the station

Month Mean

Mean

Mean

Highest

Lowest

HUMIDITY

NESS

Max

Min

Recorded

Recorded

(%)

(0-8)

T

S

D

Mean Thunder Storms

J AN

26.9

29.9

23.9

34.3

19.2

81

6

2

0

0

0.88

FEB

27.1

30.2

24.0

33.4

20.0

79

6

0

0

2

0.60

MAR

27.7

31.0

24.4

33.6

19.4

77

6

2

1

1

0.93

APR

28.8

32.2

25.3

35.4

21.4

75

5

0

1

1

2.40

MAY

29.4

32.8

26.0

36.4

22.3

76

5

1

1

0

8.00

JUN

28.8

32.1

26.3

35.8

22.4

80

6

3

2

1

12.00

JUL

28.2

31.6

24.8

35.3

22.0

80

7

0

1

0

12.60

AUG

28.4

31.8

25.0

34.8

21.1

79

7

1

0

0

10.60

SEP

28.4

31.7

24.9

34.6

21.8

8

7

1

0

1

14.40

OCT

28.1

31.4

24.8

34.2

21.6

82

6

3

1

1

13.80

NOV

27.8

31.0

24.7

33.8

22.2

82

6

7

4

5

6.80

DEC

27.2

30.2

24.3

33.1

20.5

82

6

10

4

2

2.70

Annual

28.1

31.4

24.8

36.4

19.2

79

6

30

15

14

85.2

T = Typhoon - maximum winds of 110 kph or more D = Depression - maximum winds not more than 64 kph S = Storm - maximum winds not more than 109 kph


Page 14

- Continuation of Climatological Normals -

Number of Rainy

Rainfall in Milliters (mm)

Dew

Wind

Days Month

Greatest Average

Greatest

Average

fall in

Direction

Speed

Point

(16 pts.)

(mps)

(Celcius)

Greatest

one day JAN

101.7

304.3

126.6

11

27

NE

03

23.3

FEB

72.6

173.8

66.3

8

17

NE

03

23.2

MAR

54.4

243.5

141.3

7

17

NE

03

23.5

APR

42.6

251.7

124.0

5

10

NE

03

24.0

MAY

76.3

206.2

88.6

7

15

NE

03

24.7

JUN

178.0

360.3

87.8

13

22

SW

02

24.5

JUL

187.7

391.3

99.6

14

22

SW

02

24.5

AUG

148.4

358.6

96.6

13

19

SW

03

24.5

SEP

189.8

375.5

127.0

14

21

SW

02

24.5

OCT

188.6

373.8

166.1

15

22

NE

02

24.6

NOV

159.2

493.7

276.1

13

20

NE

02

24.4

DEC

139.8

423.5

158.4

13

23

NE

03

23.9

Annual

1539.2

493.7

276.1

132

27

NE/SW

03

24.0

Source: Mactan PAGASA Station

2.8

=3.6 kph

Geology Toledo City’s mountain crusts are of volcanic origin formed millions

of years ago during the glacial age when a great upheaval changed the face of the earth. It is the general scientific belief that the sea in this part of the world, rose by several meters when the ice sheet melted and overflowed the land bridge that is believed to have connected the land mass of the archipelago to mainland Asia. The present islands that comprise the country are believed to be the tips of the new partly submerged mountain chain. A series of volcanic eruptions finally completed the great mountain upheaval causing areas of the remaining landmass to rise and others to fall. The stratigrap stratigraphy hy

of Toledo fall under the following following classificat classifications, ions,

namely: QUATERNARY: QA1_Alluv luvium ium a) QA1

-

Quaternary

Allu lluvium ium -

Coral reef detrita ital

deposits mostly sand and gravel in benches, alluvial plains and river beds


Page 15

CaF_Li Lime mest ston one e b) CaF_ poorly poorly

-

bedded bedded

to

Carc Carcar ar For Forma mati tion on - dom domin inan antl tly y lime limest ston one, e, massi massive ve,,

partly partly

dolomi dolomitic tic and

contai contains ns

abundant marine fossils MiF c) MiF

- Main Maingi gitt Forma Formati tion on - Granul Granule e to cobble cobble cong conglom lomer erat ation ion

with interbedded shale, sandstone, limestone and conglometric limestone in the lower part. MESOZOIC: a) MG Basa Basalt lt abundant abundant

-

Mana Manang nga a

Grou Gr oup p

nummulite nummulites s of

early early

-

Mass Massiv ive e

limes limesto tone ne,, cont contai ains ns

Cretaceo Cretaceous us

limestone, limestone, clastic clastic

sedimentary rocks – andesitic to basaltic, pyroclastics and lava; late late

cret cretac aceo eous us

lime limest ston one, e,

muds mudsto tone ne

,

sand sandst ston one e

and and

conglomerate with intercalated andesitic to basaltic pyroclastics and lava; and Paleocene conglomerate, sandstone and calcareous mudstone overlying the late cretaceous near the type locality of Pandan Formation. CENOZOIC: a) TF Shale Shale/Mu /Mudso dsone ne

- Toledo Toledo Form Formati ation on - thin thin to thic thick k bedde bedded d

sandstone and shale with occasional lenses of conglomeratic limestone and calcaremite. b) UL Limesto Limestone ne -

Uling Uling Limesto Limestone ne -

gener generally ally hard hard massive massive

limestone in part porous and coralline. NAGA – ARGAO GROUP: a) MbF - Malu Malubog bog Forma Formatio tion n

- mudsto mudstone ne shale shale and and occas occasion ional al

beds of conglomer conglomerate, ate, limestone limestone and coal, includes includes the upper upper Alpaco Alpaco member, member, middle Birabac Birabac limestone limestone member member and lower Cantabaco member in central Cebu.

b) CF - Cebu Formation - consists of an upper massive orbitodial limes limeston tone e

(Ilag (Ilag

limest limestone one,, Santos Santos – Yñigo Yñigo,,

Cebu Cebu

Orbitod Orbitodial ial

Limestone, Corby et.al; a lower classic unit with coal measures (Cebu (Cebu Coal Measure Measures, s, Corby Corby et.al, et.al, Masaba Masaba Formation, Formation, Santos Santos Yñigo; and

Guindarohan

Conglomerate

at

the

base

of

sequence).


Page 16

the

FIG. 2.06 GEOLOGICAL MAP OF TOLEDO CITY


Page 17

Source:Knowledge Center, Metropolitan Water District, District , Cebu City, 2006

2.9 Geohazard Investigation Investigation of Reported Visible Visible Earth Movements Movements at Barangay Don Andres Soriano, Toledo City INTRODUCTION: In response to the letter-request of Elbert T. Rosell, Secretary of Toledo City Council, the undersigned Geologists of Mines and GeoSciences Bureau, DENR – Region Region 7 conduc conducted ted a geohaz geohazard ard invest investiga igatio tion n of the report reported ed visible visible earth earth movements at Barangay Don Andres Soriano (DAS), Toledo City, Cebu on April 21, 2005. This request was made in connection with Resolution No. 2005 – 19 which was approved by Sangguniang Panlungsod of Toledo City on February 22, 2005. As stated in city council resolution, approximately 80% of Barangay Don Andres Soriano area shows visible ground movements, A barangay map prepared by City Planning showing the location of these movements was attached to the letter. The team was guided by Engr. Samson himself during the conduct of this invest investiga igation tion.. Due Due to very very limite limited d time, time, only selec selected ted areas areas that that show show clear clear evidences of ground instability were inspected by the team. Access to ACMDC mine site was not allowed at the time of inspection.

FINDINGS and OBSERVATIONS: 1. Baran Barangay gay Don Andre Andres s Soriano Soriano (DAS) (DAS) of Toledo Toledo City City is locate located d about 20 aerial kilometers southwest of Cebu City. It is where Atlas Consolidated Mining and Development Corporation (ACMDC) copper mines, formerly one of the biggest copper producing mines in the Philippines, it is situated. The barangay has a total land area of 1,859.6462 hectares and a population of 20,127. DAS can be reached from Cebu City via south provincial highway and then thru Naga – Uling road which is currently undergoing major repair works. 2. The The team team togeth together er with Engr Engr.. Sams Samson on insp inspec ecte ted d some some of the the iden identi tifi fied ed areas to confirm the report.


Page 18

A.

Main Pr Provincial Ro Road at at Si Sitio LQ LQIA (P (Photo 1) 1) Active ground subsidence was observed along a 50 meter – long section of this road. According to Engr. Samson, the road has been been asph asphal alte ted d two time times s alre alread ady y sinc since e it was was cons constr truc ucte ted. d. Notice Noticeabl ably, y, only only half half of the road road alongs alongside ide the embank embankmen mentt is affected. Cracking in the wall and floor were likewise noted in some houses located directly below the road. This subsidence and occurrence of cracking indicate that the slope is unstable.

B.

Residential Unit at Sitio LQIA (Photo 2) Ground instability is evident in the tilted concrete wall fence at the side of this house and cracking in some part of the floor area inside the house. Cracks are persistent, has irregular shape and measuring 2 cm to 3 cm wide. It initially occurred as tight cracks per resident’s account. The tilted wall fence was stabilized by a steel bar anchored on solid ground.

C.

Engr. Samson’s Residence at Sitio Bagong Buhay (Photo 3 –

4) Concrete cracking has occurred as far as this Sitio particularly at Samson’s residence. Engr. Samson showed to us the tilted concrete wall fence near the gate of hi s house. According to him, they could feel the vibration of the ground everytime a bus is passing by. Their house is located about 30 meters away from the main road. D.

Resi Reside dent ntia iall Hous House e owne owned d by Mrs. Mrs. Luzvi Luzvimi mind nda a Quiz Quizan ante te at

Sitio Bagong Buhay (Photo 5 & 6) Mrs. Quizante’s house situated about 20 meters downslope of the main road was vacated after it was totally damaged as a result of foundation failure. The family has transferred to the new house located nearby where cracking in the floor area started to develop agai again. n.

An

unid uniden enti tifi fied ed

pers person on

appr approa oach ched ed

the the

grou group p

and and

complained that cracking has also been occurring in their house.


Page 19

E.

Mrs. Mrs. Pauli Paulita ta Tapu Tapul’s l’s Res Reside idence nce at Siti Sitio o Uncro Uncrona na (Pho (Photo to 7 & 8)

Half Half of Mrs. Mrs. Tapuls Tapuls’s ’s house house locate located d beside beside a creek creek collap collapsed sed,, heavil heavily y damagi damaging ng the kitche kitchen n and dining dining area. area. This This happen happened ed some someti time me in 1999 1999 when when a stro strong ng typh typhoo oon n hit hit the the prov provin ince ce according to Mrs. Tapul. The affected house being founded on a soft soft highl highly y weat weathe here red d lime limest ston one e made made us conc conclu lude de that that the the underlying rock materials were washed away by flood water during typhoon.


Page 20


Page 21

Barangay Map of Don Andres Soriano City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 22

Road Map of Don Andres Soriano City of Toledo Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)

Page 23


Page 24


Page 25


Page 26


Page 27


Page 28

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The areas investigated by the team within Barangay Don Andres Soriano (DAS) show indications of ground instability. The recurrence of ground subsidence and widening of the crack apertures over a period of time indicate that the ground failure (landslide) is active. The movement rates though are considered very slow. It also appears that the unstable grou ground nds s are are spec specif ific ic,, affe affect ctin ing g grou groups ps of hous houses es.. Thes These e even events ts are are expected to recur especially during the rainy period and will continue to cause damage to the properties. Appar Apparent ently, ly, the ground ground failur failure e along along the vicinit vicinity y of Mrs. Mrs. Tapul Tapul’s ’s residence was triggered by the removal or scouring of the materials (soil and weathered rocks) along the creek banks. A more detailed engineering assessment is necessary in order to come come up with approp appropria riate te engine engineeri ering ng interv intervent ention ions s to preve prevent nt ground ground failure from recurring. However, the most ideal mitigating measures would be to avoid avoid the unstabl unstable e areas. areas. This means means houses houses would would have have to be relocated to other areas. Brgy. DAS is one of the areas that is covered in MGB – 7 geohazard assessment program for this year. A more detailed geohazard survey will be made which would cover areas not included in the recent investigation.


Page 29

2. 10 Soil Categories, Type , Erosion and Barangays Covered per Classification:

Soil Category Name of Barangay

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.

POBLACION AWIHAO BAGAKAY BATO BIGA BULONGAN BUNGA CABITOONAN CA C ALONGCALONG CAMBANG-UG CAMPO 8 CA CANLUMAMPAO CANTABACO CAPT. CLAUDIO CARMEN DAS DUMLOG GEN. CLIMACO IBO ILIHAN LANDAHAN LUAY LURAY II MAGDUGO MA MATAB-ANG MEDIA ONCE PANGAMIHAN POOG PUTINGBATO SAGAY SAM-ANG SANGI STO. NIÑO SUBAYON TALAVERA TUBOD TUNGKAY

Scope Categories

S1 & S2 S1 & S2 S2 & S3 S1 & S2 S2 & S3 S2 & S3 S1, S2 & S3 S1 & S2 S1 & S2 S2 & S3 S3 S1 & S2 S2 & S3 S1, S2 & S3 S1 & S2 S2 & S3 S1 S1, S2 & S3 S1 & S2 S1 & S2 S2 S3 S2 S1, S2 & S3 S1, S2 & S3 S2 & S3 S2 S1 & S2 S2 S2 S2 S1 & S2 S1 & S2 S2 S1 & S2 S2 S2 & S3

Remarks: S1 = 0% - 18% Scope S2 = 18% - 30% Scope S3 = 30% - 50% Scope


Page 30

SOIL EROSION Name of Barangay

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.

POBLACION AWIHAO BAGAKAY BATO BIGA BULONGAN BUNGA CABITOONAN CALONGCALONG CAMBANG-UG CAMPO 8 CANLUMAMPAO CANTABACO CAPT. CLAUDIO CARMEN DAS DUMLOG GEN. CLIMACO IBO ILIHAN LANDAHAN LUAY LURAY II MAGDUGO MATAB-ANG MEDIA ONCE PANGAMIHAN POOG PUTINGBATO SAGAY SAM-ANG SANGI STO. NIÑO SUBAYON TALAVERA TUBOD TUNGKAY

Soil Erosion Type

No Apparent Erosion No Apparent Erosion Severely Eroded No Apparent Erosion Moderately Eroded Severely Eroded Slightly Eroded No Apparent Erosion Moderately Eroded Severely Eroded Severely Eroded No Apparent Erosion/Moderately Eroded Severely Eroded Severely Eroded No Apparent Erosion Severely Eroded with some moderately eroded No Apparent Erosion Severely Eroded No Apparent Erosion No Apparent Erosion Severely & Slightly Eroded Severely Eroded Moderately Eroded No Apparent Erosion/Slightly Eroded Severely Eroded Slightly Eroded Severely Eroded Slightly Eroded Moderately Eroded Slightly Eroded Slightly Eroded No Apparent Erosion No Apparent Erosion/with severely eroded Severely Eroded No Apparent Erosion No Apparent Erosion Severely Eroded


Page 31

SOIL TYPES


Page 32

Name of Barangay

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.

POBLACION AWIHAO BAGAKAY BATO BIGA BULONGAN BUNGA CABITOONAN CALON ALONGC GCA ALON LONG CAMBANG-UG CAMPO 8 CANL CA NLUM UMAM AMPA PAO O CANTABACO CAPT. CL CLAUDIO CARMEN DAS DUMLOG GEN GEN. CL CLIMA IMACO IBO ILIHAN LANDAHAN LUAY LURAY II MAGDUGO MATAB-ANG MEDIA ONCE PANGAMIHAN POOG PUTINGBATO SAGAY SAM-ANG SANGI STO. NIÑO SUBAYON TALAVERA TUBOD TUNGKAY

Soil Type

Faraon Clay/ Beach Sand Faraon Clay/Lugo Clay Baguio Clay Faraon Clay/ Beach Sand Baguio Clay/ Faraon Clay (Steep Phase) Lugo Clay/ Faraon Clay (Steep Phase) Lugo Clay/ Faraon Clay (Steep Phase) Faraon Clay Mand andawe awe Silt Loa Loam Faraon Clay (Steep Phase) Baguio Clay Loam Bagu Baguio io Clay Clay Loam Loam/M /Man anda daw we Silt Silt Loam Loam Baguio Cl Clay Lo Loam/ Fa Faraon Cl Clay (S (Steep Phase) Baguio Cl Clay Lo Loam Mandawe Silt Loam/Baguio Clay Loam Faraon Clay (Steep Phase)/ Lugo Clay Mandawe Silt Loam Bag Baguio uio Cl Clay Loam/F m/Fara araon Cl Clay (S (Stee teep Ph Phase) ase) Beach Sand/ Faraon Clay Mandawe Silt Loam Mandawe Clay/Faraon Clay Baguio Clay Loam/Faraon Clay (Steep Phase) Faraon Clay/Beach Sand Mandawe Silt Loam/Lugo Clay/Faraon Clay (Steep Phase) Faraon Clay/ Baguio Clay Loam Mandawe Cl Clay/ Fa Faraon Clay (Steep Phase) Baguio Clay Loam Mandawe Clay Loam Baguio Clay Loam Mandawe Clay Mandawe Clay Mandawe Silt Loam Mandawe Silt Loam/ Faraon Clay Faraon Clay/ Mandawe Clay Mandawe Silt Loam/ Baguio Clay Loam/Faraon Clay Faraon Clay/Beach Sand Baguio Clay Loam


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chapter 2 - physical characteristics

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