COMPUTER I
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING WORDS: Electronic Spreadsheet Program An electronic spreadsheet is spreadsheet is like a computerized ledger page, only much larger and much easier to work with than ledger sheets. Like the ledger, it too is arranged in columns and rows. Whereas the ledger usually has relatively few columns and rows, limited by the size of the paper it is printed on, the electronic spreadsheet has the capacity for hundreds of columns and thousands of rows. Because the spreadsheet’s rows and columns exist in the computer’s memory rather than on paper, each column can be as wide or as narrow as you need it to be.
Workbook A workbook is a spreadsheet file. By default, each workbook in Excel co ntains three pages o r worksheets.
Worksheet A worksheet is a single page or sheet in an Excel spreadsheet. Excel spreadsheet. By By default, there are three worksheets per file. Switching between worksheets is done by clicking on the sheet tab at the bottom of the screen.
Cell in a worksheet In Excel, a cell reference identifies the location a cell a cell or group of cells in the spreadsheet. Sometimes referred to as a cell address, a cell reference consists of the column the column letter and row and row number that intersect at the cell's location. Note that when listing a cell reference, the column letter is always listed first. Cell references are used in formulas, in formulas, functions, functions, charts charts , and , and other Excel commands. While references often refer to individual cells such as A1, B38, or Z345, they can also refer to a group or range or range of cells.
Ranges are identified by the cell references of the cells in the upper left and lower right corners of the range. The two cell references used for a range r ange are separated by a colon (:) which tells Excel to include all the cells between these start and end points. An example of a range of adjacent cells would be B5:D10
BRIEF HISTORY OF ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET PROGRAM In 1961, Professor Richard Mattessich pioneered the development of computerized speadsheets for use in business accounting. Then in 1969, Rene Pardo and Remy Landau co-invented co- invented "LANPAR" LANguage for Programming Arrays at Random. In 1979, originators Dan Bricklin, Bob Frankston, and Dan Fylstra introduce i ntroduce the VisiCalc, the first electronic spreadsheet and the original "killer app." VisiCalc changed the world by bringing the Apple II into offices worldwide. The worldwide. The market for electronic spreadsheet software was growing rapidly in the early 1980’s
In 1983, Mitch Kapor developed Lotus and his spreadsheet program quickly became the new industry spreadsheet standard. Lotus 1-2-3 made it easier to use spreadsheets and it added integrated charting, plotting and database capabilities. Lotus 1-2-3 established spreadsheet software as a major data presentation package as well as a complex calculation tool. Lotus was also the first spreadsheet vendor to introduce naming cells, cell ranges and spreadsheet macros. For most people, the idea of VisiCalc or Lotus 1-2-3 was a big enough step. Those products also were not ahead of the hardware, they were well matched to the hardware at that time. In 1985, Lotus Development acquired Software Arts and discontinued the V isiCalc program. The next milestone was the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Excel was originally written for the 512K Apple Macintosh in 1984-1985. Excel was one of the first spreadsheets to use a graphical interface with pull down menus and a point and click capability using a mo use pointing device. The Excel spreadsheet with a graphical user interface was easier for most people to use than the command line interface of PC-DOS spreadsheet products. Many people bought Apple Macintoshes so that they could use Bill Gates' Excel spreadsheet program. When Microsoft launched the Windows operating system in 1987, Excel was on e of the first application products released for it. When Windows finally gained wide acceptance with Version 3.0 in late 1989 Excel was Microsoft's flagship product. By the late 1980s many companies had introduced spr eadsheet products. Spreadsheet products and the spreadsheet software industry were maturing. In the late spring of 1995, IBM acquired Lotus Development and Microsoft Excel is the spreadsheet market leader.
References: NA . ND . What Is An Electronic Spreadsheet? Retrieved on: January 21, 2008 . from: http://www.prenhall.com/lauckner/1e/book/pdfs/chapter16.pdf French, T . ND . Workbook Retrieved on: January 21, 2008 . from: http://spreadsheets.about.com/aod/uvw/g/workbook_def.htm French, T . ND . Worksheet Retrieved on: January 21, 2008 . from: http://spreadsheets.about.com/od/uvw/g/worksheet_def.htm French, T . ND . Cell Reference Retrieved on: January 21, 2008 . from: http://spreadsheets.about.com/od/c/g/cell_ref_def.htm Bender, E . ND . Three Minutes: Godfathers of the Spreadsheet Retrieved on: January 21, 2008 . from: http://pcworld.about.com/news/Jun032004id116166.htm Power, D.J . ND . A Brief History of Spreadsheet Retrieved on: January 21, 2008 . from: http://www.dssresources.com/history/sshistory.html
