This is the summary of Rizal's life which stresses the most significant points of the Philippine history.
Revised document of reviewer 1.0
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Rizal
Jose Rizal
Dr. Jose Rizal ChildhoodFull description
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Jose Rizal As A Political Philosopher: Philosopher: Rizal Would Would Criticize Today's Society RIZAL AS AN ILLUSTRADO What does ILLUSTRADO ea!s" • the enlightened one • name attached to the young men who came of age in the 1880's and opposed the epessi!e policies of the Spanish go!enment and chuch" • anti#fia • citici$ed Spanish go!enment o%cials fo failing to po!ide ade&uate se!ices"
ILLUSTRADO P#ILOSOP#$ # focuses on pomoting self#go!enment"
e wote an essay entitled %The Philippi!es: A Ce!tury #e!ce%
Rizal also proposed the adoptio! o& soe priary re&ors
Basic political reforms 1" (he estoation of )ilipino epesentation to the Spanish *otes and feedom of the pess" +" Reogani$ation of the administati!e machiney" ," Adoption of a compehensi!e compehensi!e e-amination and the pu.lication of its esults and allowing )ilipinos to ha!e the same oppotunity with the Spaniads to hold go!enment o%ce" /" ustice is the foundation of society and the go!enment"
RI(AL'S CO)C*PT O+ ,O-*R).*)T A)D POLITICS
a- 2e.e de3nes go!enment go!enment as the ise of an institution which has 4 o!opoly o& the le/itiate use o& physical po0er "4 e complains that the go!enment is an institution that could legally ta5e people's popety popety .y ta-ing them6 impisoning them6 and e!en e-ecuting them" Ri$al's de3nition of go!enment and politics focused on the Spanish in7uences" ne of his citicisms of Spanish colonialism was the couption of the .ueaucacy" In desci.ing a typical Spanish .ueaucat6 Ri$al wote9 4In ode to go!en peoples he
does not 5now o undestand6 he ought to possess the talent of a genius and e-taodinay 5nowledge" Ri$al ague that it this was necessay .ecause the )ilipinos wee gaining a new political sophistication" In his lette to othe )ilipino leades6 Ri$al commented at length a.out go!enment" In a lette to aiano :once6 Ri$al ema5ed that one day )ilipino political leades would 3nish thei 4aduous mission which is the fomation of the )ilipino nation"4
T#* 1*$ I),R*DI*)TS O+ POLITICS I) T#* )OLI .* TA),*R* Ri$al's no!el6 Noli e (angee6 discusses the 5ey ingedients of political science" (he plot of the no!el centes aound a etuning nati!e son named *isostomo I.aa6 who 3nds an alien nation and .ecomes a stange in his own land" e studied a.oad and in his a.sence his fathe 5illed a Spanish ta- collecto" In this potion of the no!el at imitates life" (his was Ri$al's way of e-oneating his own family" (hei wealth educed due to the con7ict with the local authoities" In the no!el6 Ri$al had his e!enge .y sa!aging the fias and the coupt go!enment o%cials" e 3ctionali$es the po.lems of his family with the go!enment in the no!el" e uses it to discuss the 5ey ingedients of political science" ;ut thee ae othe signi3cant points made in the Noli e (angee" Ri$al e-tacts a stange sot of e!enge against hid Spanish con&ueos" is main concen is to demonstate how the :hilippines has .een .astadi$ed" Leon a"
The 2est a!alysis o& Rizal's political co!tri2utio! is RAUL J 3O)OA) who agues that Ri$al was caught .etween faith and eason" (asio6 the philosophe6 po>ects some impotant lessons in the no!el" e was the wise man fom the city of San ?iego" e was a wise man" e is contemptuous of the supestition foisted upon the people .y the chuch and he is paticulaly citical of the notion that hell is a possi.ility" 2hat (asio epesents is the feedom that Ri$al e-peienced when he studied in =uope" e is a man of wisdom who is a.le to counsel snd diect the no!el's main chaactes"" :hilippines" RI(AL'S D*+I)ITIO) O+ 3ASIC POLITICAL T*R.S
Political Culture • is a set of ideas and !alues a.out go!enment and the political pocess held .y a community o nation" Rizal on Political Culture In his essay6 4 The I!dole!ce o& the +ilipi!os 46 Ri$al o.se!ed that 4without education and li.ety"""no efom is possi.le""" Ri$al e-claimed that6 political cultue could not thi!e in the :hilippines .ecause of the ina.ility of the Spanish to ecogni$e local political !alues" nly education could )ilipinos o!ecome this de3ciency"
Political Socializatio! • is one of the main elements of political science" • a pocess .y which people6 at !aious stages in thei li!es6 ac&uie !iews and oientation a.out politics" Rizal on Political Socialization ;y emphasi$ing the impotance of .eing a )ilipino6 Ri$al acceleated the pocess of local nationalism" is citicism of the fias and the chuch helped to change attitudes towad local nationalism
Political Ideolo/y • is a compehensi!e and logically odeed set of .eliefs a.out natue of people and a.out the institutions and ole of go!enment" Rizal on Political Ideology In Ri$al's no!el Noli e (angee6 he wites9 """we ae spea5ing of the pesent condition of the :hilippines""" yes6 we ae now enteing upon a peiod of stife""" the stife is .etween the past6 which sei$es and sti!es with cuses to cling to the totteing feudal castles6 and the futue6 whose song of tiumph may .e head fom afa""" .inging the message of good news fom othe land"4 As a passionate suppote of a new :hilippine nation6 Ri$al intoduced a 3ece .and of ideology which had made )ilipinos among the most political people in the wold" )ilipinos ha!e caefully de3ned political ideology"
)atio!alis • is the idea of oneness .y goup of people who possess common taditions6 a shaed histoy6 a set of goals6 and a .elief in a speci3c futue"
Rizal on Nationalism Ri$al agued that )ilipinos could only foste thei own sense of nationalism .y studying histoy" Ri$al wote to ;lumentitt9 4I would stimulate these :hilippine studies64 and concluded that histoy po!ided 4the tue concept of one's self and do!e nations to do geat things4" )oemost is that he is the dominant national heo who6 unli5e all othe heoes6 had a 3m !ision of the futue of the :hilippines" e gloi3es life in the :hilippines" nofe ?" *opu$ concludes that Ri$al's life suggests o& his cou!try4 he is the 4&ather
Represe!tati4e ,o4er!e!t • is the notion that the people ha!e an inheit ight to sot in a cham.e that detemines thei futue" Rizal on Representative Government Spain had ganted )ilipinos epesentation in the Spanish *otes fom 180@ until the pi!ilege was emo!ed .y ueen aia *istina in 18,B" Ri$al .elie!ed that the epesentation was essential to the go!ening pocess" Ri$al contented that epesentation emo!ed the spiit of e!olution"
Deocracy •a go!enment in which all powe is shaed .y citi$ens • Demos is dei!ed fom a <ee5 wod which means people Rizal on Democracy In Ri$al's !iew the .est go!enment was a mi-tue .etween epesentati!e democacy and esponsi.le model of democacy" e .elie!ed that it would ta5e some time fo )ilipinos to acti!ely paticipate in local go!enment" (he de3nition of democacy is found in Ri$al's mind" e employed such de3nition in his witings6 his pu.lic speeches and his ad!ocacy of :hilippine democacy"
RI(AL WOULD CRITICI(* TODA$'S SOCI*T$ • If ose Ri$al wee ali!e today6 4he would wite two no!els6 .e impisoned again and .e citici$ed .y go!enment and society4 so said lawye :edo Rosito6 *e.u *hapte *ommande of the Cnights of Ri$al" • (oday6 Ri$al would stand out in the midst of the confusion .ought a.out .y allegations of electoal faud and cheating"
• ay.e this time6 4)ilipinos and not Spanish soldies would shoot him o gi!e him lethal in>ection" • ?uing Spanish times6 3li.usteing efeed to a )ilipino o any peson who would e.el o utte wods against the Spanish and was thus consideed dangeous so he would ha!e to .e impisoned" (oday6 3li.usteing accoding to Rosito6 is used to desci.e the long speech of some lawma5es6 o some senatos including one of the speeches of Sen" A&uilino :imentel which lasted fo se!eal hous which >ust consumed and wasted pecious time" • Ri$al was famous fo citici$ing and e-posing the a.uses of Spanish fias and o%cials" 4If Ri$al wee ali!e today6 he too would &uestion the way the piests ae spending the money of the chuch and would .e chec5ing whethe these ae used to .uild moe schools fo the pooD he would .e moe !igilant on the maladministation of >ustice fo the peopleD he would ha!e citici$ed the pe!ailing gaft and couption pactices in the .ueauD he would citici$ed the 4gam.ling lods4 who esem.le the landlods and those ecei!ing 4>ueteng payola4 who esem.le 4ta- collectos4 duing his times"