LTE Radio Network Planning Introduction V1.0

LTE Radio Network Planning Introduction www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Agenda 1

LTE RNP Overview

2

LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning

Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning


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Page 2

LTE Network Life Cycle 100 90 80 70 60 50

Optimization after commercial launch

45

48

30

33

36

39

Number of Sites

42

15

18

21

24

27

0

3

6

9

12

40 30 20 10 0

Mature Network

RNP is the first and important step in the LTE network life cycle.

Launch

Existing Site Resources LTE Radio Network Planning Pre-Launch Radio Optimization


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Page 3

Huawei RNP Guideline 3C1Q theory Coverage 





Capacity

Seamless coverage gives operators a competitive advantage. Coverage from the outdoor to the indoor Wider coverage saves investment



Cost



Limited radio frequency resource requires capacity improvement Data Service requires much more resource

Quality  

Network quality competition among operators Higher requirement of network quality from subscribers

1.

2.

3.

4.

RNP aims to find out the best balance among coverage, capacity, quality and cost. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Page 4

Huawei LTE RNP Main Steps 1.

Dimensioning 2.

Preplanning

Inputs: Coverage, Capacity & Service Requirement Outputs: eNodeB coverage radius and site numbers based on coverage and capacity calculation

3. Inputs: Calculated coverage radius, digital map and subscriber distribution information

Detailed Planning

Outputs: Preliminary eNodeB numbers

Inputs: Coverage target and site survey result Outputs: Actual site location and engineering parameters HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Page 5

Detail LTE RNP Flow Agreement achieved by operator and Huawei

Preparation

Coverage area (Dense urban, Urban, Suburban ) Quality objective (QoS criteria)  Capacity requirement (Subscriber, traffic model)  Link budget parameters (Penetration loss, Propagation model)  

Huawei delivers Link budget  Capacity dimensioning  Site numbers/configuration  Cell radius in each morphology  Network development solution

The output of dimensioning is important criteria to assess RNP solution



Background Interference Test (optional)  Propagation model tuning (optional) 

Site location/ RF parameters configurations Search ring specifications  Prediction & Simulation  Cluster definition for project management  

Nominal Planning

Site survey/candidate site search Neighbor cell configuration  Cell parameters configuration  Algorithm configuration

The operator provides: Naming conventions Existing sites information



Detailed Planning




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Network Deployment

Page 6

LTE RNP Output Overview Input

Output Site Type

Coverage Requirements -- Coverage Area

Power/Channel

-- Polygon Definition -- Cell Edge Throughput -- Coverage Probability

eNodeB Number

…

Capacity Requirements

Active Users

-- Frequency Bandwidth -- Subscriber Forecast -- Traffic Model

S1&X2 Throughput

…


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Page 7

Agenda 1

LTE RNP Overview

2

LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning


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Page 8

LTE Radio Network Dimensioning Flow Start

Coverage Requirement

Link Budget Cell Radius

Capacity Requirement

Capacity Dimensioning

Satisfy Capacity Requirement?

Adjust eNodeB Number

No

Yes Active User/S1&X2 Dimensioning eNodeB Amount & Configuration End


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Page 9

Agenda 1

LTE RNP Overview

2



Huawei Confidential

Page 10

LTE Coverage Dimensioning Flow Geometrical Calculation

Start Link Budget Propagation Model

Cell Radius eNodeB Coverage Area

Total Coverage Area/ eNodeB Coverage Area 

eNodeB Number End

Aim of coverage dimensioning 

to obtain the cell radius



to estimate eNodeB number for coverage

requirement


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Page 11

LTE Link Budget Model – Uplink Tx Power

MIMO Gain

UE Ant Gain

Slow fading margin

Gain Margin Loss

Interference margin

Power level

Body Loss

Penetration Loss

EIRP Objective: Max. Allowed Path Loss

Path Loss Cable Loss eNB Ant Gain

Link segments HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Page 12

Rx Sensitivity

LTE Link Budget Model – Downlink Tx Power

MIMO Gain

Gain Margin Loss

Slow fading margin

Cable Loss Interference margin

Power level

eNB Ant Gain

EIRP

Path Loss

Objective: Max. Allowed Path Loss

Penetration Loss Body Loss

UE Ant Gain

Link segments HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Page 13

Rx Sensitivity

Factors Affecting LTE Link Budget Scenario

Frequency Band

Data Rate

RB Number

ICIC

Factors Affecting LTE Link Budget Cell Load

MCS

TX Power

Channel Model MIMO

Some other factors such as antenna height, BPL, TMA, coverage probability… HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Page 14

LTE Link Budget Example Scenario FDD/TDD Morphology UE Location Channel Bandwidth (MHz) Channel Model DL/UL MIMO Scheme Cell Edge Rate(kbps) MCS Tx Max Tx Power (dBm) Required RB Tx Antenna Gain(dB) Tx Cable Loss(dB) Tx Body loss(dB) EIRP / Subcarrier(dBm) Rx SINR (dB) Rx Noise Figure (dB) Receiver Sensitivity/subcarrier(dBm) Rx Antenna Gain(dBi) Rx Cable Loss(dB) Rx Body loss(dB) Target Load Interference Margin(dB) Min Signal Reception Strength/subcarrier (dBm)


PDSCH

PUSCH FDD Dense Urban Indoor 20 ETU 3 2×2 SFBC 1×2 1024 256 QPSK 0.25 QPSK 0.31 PDSCH PUSCH 46 23 18 4 18.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.7 6.2 PDSCH PUSCH -2.3 -1.6 7 2.5 -127.5 -131.3 0.0 18.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 70% 50% 5.0 1.1 -122.5 -147.7

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Path Loss & Cell Radius Penetration Loss(dB)

PDSCH

PUSCH 20

Std.of Shadow Fading (dB)

11.7

Area Coverage Probability

95%

Shadow Fading Margin(dB)

9.7

Max Allowed Path Loss(dB)

Propagation Model eNodeB/UE Antenna Height (m)

125.5

124.2

Cost231-Hata(Huawei) 30

Frequency (MHz)

1.5 2600

Cell Radius (km)

0.29

Page 15

0.26

Coverage Comparison b/w HSPA+ and LTE




LTE has better coverage than HSUPA and R99 under the same data rate



Loading increase will have more significant impact on UMTS coverage especially under high traffic loading.



About 13% reduction in UMTS cell radius when loading increases from 50% to 70%



LTE is more robust against loading and cell radius reduction is only around 2.5% when loading increases from 50% to 70%

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Page 16

Agenda 1

LTE RNP Overview

2



Huawei Confidential

Page 17

LTE Capacity Dimensioning Flow Start Configuration Analysis

Cell Average Throughput Calculation

Traffic Model Analysis

Subscribers Supported per Cell eNodeB Number (initialized by Coverage Dimensioning)

Total Subscribers

Satisfy Capacity Requirement?

No

Yes eNodeB Number End


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Page 18

Adjust eNodeB Number

Factors Affecting Cell Capacity Spectrum Bandwidth eNodeB Power

MIMO

Users’ Distribution

Own Cell Load

Factors Affecting Capacity Neighboring Cell Load

Scheduling

UE Performance

IRC

User Speed

Capacity is controlled not only by hardware resources, but also radio condition HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Page 19

LTE Cell Average Throughput (FDD) 

LTE Cell Average Throughput from Simulation Bandwidth 5MHz

10MHz

15MHz

20MHz



Scenario

DL 2x2 (Mbps)

UL 1x2 (Mbps)

DL 4x2 (Mbps)

UL 1x4 (Mbps)

Urban

8.2

4.7

9.0

6.4

Suburban

6.3

3.3

6.9

4.5

Urban

16.9

9.8

18.6

13.2

Suburban

13.0

6.9

14.3

9.3

Urban

25.5

14.7

28.1

19.9

Suburban

19.6

10.4

21.5

14.1

Urban

34.3

19.8

37.8

26.7

Suburban

26.3

14.0

29.0

19.0

LTE Cell Average Throughput from Field Test Commercial

Downlink Cell Average Throughput

Uplink Cell Average Throughput

Remark

VDF Phase3

16.8Mbps / 1.68 bps/Hz (High Load)

-

10MHz system, 100% Load, OL-MIMO

N4M

31.1Mbps / 1.55 bps/Hz

22 Mbps / 1.1 bps/Hz

20MHz system, after optimization

TeliaSonera Norway

35Mbps / 1.75 bps/Hz

-

20MHz system, after optimization


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Page 20

LTE Cell Average Throughput (TDD) 

LTE Cell Average Throughput from Simulation DL 2x2

Bandwidth

10MHz 20MHz

UL 1x2

DL 4x2

UL 1x4

Scenario

Throughput (Mbps)

Efficiency (bps/Hz)

Throughput (Mbps)

Efficiency (bps/Hz)

Throughput (Mbps)

Efficiency (bps/Hz)

Throughput (Mbps)

Efficiency (bps/Hz)

DU/U

8.2

1.46

3.5

0.80

9.3

1.65

4.6

1.04

SU/RU

6.8

1.22

2.5

0.57

8.0

1.43

3.3

0.74

DU/U

16.6

1.49

7.4

0.84

18.9

1.69

9.6

1.09

SU/RU

14.0

1.25

5.3

0.60

16.1

1.44

6.9

0.78

DL:UL=2:2; DwPTS:GP:UpPTS=10:2:2 DL 2x2 Bandwidth

10MHz 20MHz

UL 1x2

DL 4x2

UL 1x4

Scenario

Throughput (Mbps)

Efficiency (bps/Hz)

Throughput (Mbps)

Efficiency (bps/Hz)

Throughput (Mbps)

Efficiency (bps/Hz)

Throughput (Mbps)

Efficiency (bps/Hz)

DU/U

11.2

1.46

1.9

0.80

12.6

1.65

2.4

1.04

SU/RU

9.3

1.22

1.3

0.57

10.9

1.43

1.7

0.74

DU/U

22.8

1.49

4.0

0.84

25.8

1.69

5.1

1.09

SU/RU

19.1

1.25

2.8

0.60

22.0

1.44

3.7

0.78

DL:UL=3:1; DwPTS:GP:UpPTS=10:2:2 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Page 21

Capacity Comparison b/w HSPA+ and LTE UL Cell Average Throughput(Mbps) 19.80

20.00 9.76 10.00

3.00

2.30

2.10

4.72

0.00 HSUPA 10ms

HSUPA 2ms

HSUPA 16QAM

LTE 5 MHz

LTE 10MHz

LTE 20MHz

DL Cell Average Throughput(Mbps) LTE 20MHz, 34.34

40.00 30.00 20.00

LTE 10MHz, 16.92 HSPA(16QAM), 6.00

HSPA+(MIMO), 6.98

10.00

0.00

HSPA+(64QAM), 6.41


HSPA+(DC+16QAM), 6.43

HSPA+(MIMO+64QAM), 7.12

LTE 5MHz, 8.17

HSPA+(DC+64QAM), 6.89

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Page 22

Traffic Model Analysis (Sample) UL Traffic Parameters

DL

Bearer Rate (Kbps)

PPP Session Time(s)

PPP Session Duty Ratio

BLER

Bearer Rate (Kbps)

PPP Session Time(s)

PPP Session Duty Ratio

BLER

Video Conference

62.53

1800

1

1%

62.53

1800

1

1%

IMS Signalling

15.63

7

0.2

1%

15.63

7

0.2

1%

Web Browsing

62.53

1800

0.05

1%

250.11

1800

0.05

1%

File Transfer

140.69

600

1

1%

750.34

600

1

1%

P2P file sharing

250.11

1200

1

1%

750.34

1200

1

1%

Traffic Penetration Ratio

BHSA

Video Conference

0.00%

IMS Signalling

User Behavior

Busy Hour Throughput Per User (bps) UL

DL

0.2

6316

6316

0.00%

5

31

31

Web Browsing

100.00%

0.4

632

2526

File Transfer

20.00%

0.2

4737

25264

P2P file sharing

20.00%

0.4

33685

101055

-

-

8355

27853

Total


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Traffic Model varies from different operators which is mainly used to calculate Busy Hour Average Throughput per User.

Page 23

Agenda 1

LTE RNP Overview

2



Huawei Confidential

Page 24

Active User Dimensioning 

Active User Definition  

Active users is also called RRC-Connected Users which refer to the users having a RRC connection with the network Directly influences eNodeB quotation and controlled by software license

PPP Session Data call (session) WWW

Data call (session) WWW

time

• PPP Time: Duration of PPP Session

RRC_Connected (Active User)

RRC

RRC1

RRC2

RRC3 RRC_Idle

Packets

• BHSA: Busy Hour Session Attempt

time

• Ratio of RRC to PPP: Percentage of RRC during one PPP session • Number of User: Number of users using service i

Packet2 Packet1

Packet3

time

Number _ ActiveUser _ i  BHSA * PPP _ Session _ Time * RatRrcToPP P * Number _ User / 3600 Total _ Number _ ActiveUser   Number _ ActiveUser _ i * Percentage _ Service _ i i


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Page 25

Active User Dimensioning Case Study Traffic Volume based Dimensioning Step 1

Cell Capacity

Step 2

Monthly traffic volume per user

Step 3

Daily traffic

Step 4

BH throughput (Mbps)

Step 5

Subscribers supported in a cell

Step 6

Subscribers supported in a site


a b c

10MHz*1.5bps/Hz/cell 10GByte package per user

Assumptions: • S111 • 10MHz • 10GB package

= b / 30 days = c x 8x 10%/3600s x 0.8 x 1000

d e f

(BH carries 10% of daily traffic assumed, DL:UL=4:1)

=a/d

= e x 3 = 760 subscribers

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Page 26

Agenda 1

LTE RNP Overview

2



Huawei Confidential

Page 27

S1&X2 Interface of LTE 2G/3G: Legacy Architecture

LTE: Flat Architecture

MME / S-GW

MSC/SGSN/GGSN

MME / S-GW

S1

S1

RNC

S1

S1

BSC

X2

E-UTRAN eNB

eNB

X2

X2 eNB

BTS

BTS

NodeB


NodeB

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Page 28

S1&X2 Dimensioning Case Study (1)

Assumptions: 1. Uplink and downlink busy hour data traffic volume per subscriber is 25kbps 2. Traffic data ratio for uplink and downlink is 1:4 3. Peak to average traffic ratio is 1.2

4. Number of subscribers per eNodeB is 1000 5. Assuming IPV4 and IPsec with tunnel mode is used for IP over Ethernet transmission 6. Assuming the ER is 1.37 (for packet size 300 bytes)


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Page 29

S1&X2 Dimensioning Case Study (2) Control Plane

T _ control plane  T _ Total _ user _ Plane / Site * 2%  41.1* 2%  0.82Mbps S1 Bandwidth

T _ S1 / Site  T _ control _ Plane / Site  T _ Total _ user _ plane / Site  0.82  41.1  41.92Mbps X2 Bandwidth

T _ X 2 / Site  T _ S1 / Site * 3%  41.92 * 3%  1.26Mbps


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Page 30

Thank you www.huawei.com

LTE Radio Network Planning Introduction V1.0

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