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SOLUCIONES QUIMICAS
INDICE
1.
SUMARIO...................................... .......................................................... ....................................... ............................................. .......................... 1
2.
OBJETIVOS........................................ ............................................................ ....................................... ........................................ ..................... 2
3.
RESULTADOS...................................... .......................................................... ........................................ .......................................2 ...................2
4.
DISC DISCUS USIO ION N DE RESU RESUL LTADO DOS S.........................................................................2
5.
CONCLUSIONES....................................... ........................................................... .............................................. ................................. ....... 4
6.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA...................................... ......................................................... ....................................... .......................................4 ...................4
7.
APÉNDICE...................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ........................................... ..... 5 7.1 Pr!"#$%$"&'()...................................... .......................................................... ........................................ ................................... ............... 5 7.2 Cuestionario / Actividades......... Actividades............................ ................................................ ............................................ ................. 7
1
1. SUMARIO L* &*'+r*,"-* #" ,*( (+('*&!$*( "( +&* #" ,( '"%*( %( "('+#$*#( /r ,* 0+%$!* * 0+" #" *!+"r# * ('* "('& #"'"r%$&*#( ,( '$/( #" r"*!!$&"( 0+" (" /r"("&'*& #" *!+"r# * ,( r"*!'$( "& +& /r!"(. D+r*&'" ,* /r!'$!* (" r"*,$-*r& #( *!'$$#*#"( /r$&!$/*,%"&'" L* '$'+,*!$& "( +& %'# /*r* #"'"r%$&*r ,* !*&'$#*# #" +&* (+('*&!$* /r"("&'" "& (,+!$&. U&* (,+!$& #" !&!"&'r*!$& !&!$#* ,,*%*#* (,+!$& *,r*#* (" *r"* !& +&* 8+r"'* * ,* (,+!$& 0+" (" *&*,$-*. E& ", !*( $#"*, ,* *#$!$& (" #"'$"&" !+* (" 9* *r"*# ,* !*&'$#*# #" r"*!'$ #"'"r%$&*#* "& :+&!$& #" +& !*%8$ #" !,r*!$& "& ", !*( #" +'$,$-*r +& $$!*#r $&'"r&. D+r*&'" ,* /r!'$!* (" r"*,$-*r& #( *!'$$#*#"( /r$&!$/*,%"&'" !&($('$" "('*( "&; 1< N"+'r*,$-*!$& *!$#=8*(" "%/,"*#* /*r* #"'"r%$&*r !&!"&'r*!$&"( #" (+('*&!$*( 0+%$!*( !& /r"!$($& ">*!'$'+#. E('*( '$'+,*!$&"( (" ,,"*& * !*8 r*!$*( * ,* r"*!!$& 0+" !+rr" "&'r" !$#( 8*("( :r%* (*,"( *+*. E& "('" !*( (" +'$,$- !% r"*!'$( 1? r( #" @$#r>$# #" (#$ N*O@< #$,+$#( "& 25?%, #" *+* /@12< 1?%, #" !$# !,r9#r$! @C,< ,,"* *#$!$&*# 5 '*( #" :"&:'*,"$&* /@ 1<. D* !% /r#+!' ,* r"*!!$& @C, N*O@ = N*C, @ 2O !& +& !,r r(* /,$#. L* ("+* *!'$$#*# r"*,$-*#* r*#$! "& +&* (,+!$& #" ,+!(* "& *+* !& +&* !&!"&'r*!$& #", 2? 9*8$" +'$,$-*# ? r*%( #" *+* "('$%* 0+" ,* #"&($#*# #", *-!*r ("* 1r1%, (" +'$,$- 2?r(.
2
2. OBJETIVOS
Pr"/*r*r (,+!$&"( 0+%$!*( +'$,$-* !&!"&'r*!$&"( 0+%$!*( :($!*(.
D$,+$r (,+!$&"( !&!"&'r*#*( ("& ,* !&!"&'r*!$& r"0+"r$#*.
3. RESULTADOS D+r*&'" ,* /r!'$!* (" r"*,$-*r& #( *!'$$#*#"( /r$&!$/*,%"&'" !&($('$" "('*( "&; 1< N"+'r*,$-*!$& *!$#=8*(" "%/,"*#* /*r* #"'"r%$&*r !&!"&'r*!$&"( #" (+('*&!$*( 0+%$!*( !& /r"!$($& ">*!'$'+#. E('*( '$'+,*!$&"( (" ,,"*& * !*8 r*!$*( * ,* r"*!!$& 0+" !+rr" "&'r" !$#( 8*("( :r%* (*,"( *+*. E& "('" !*( (" +'$,$- !% r"*!'$( 1? r( #" @$#r>$# #" (#$ N*O@< #$,+$#( "& 25?%, #" *+* /@12< 1?%, #" !$# !,r9#r$! @C,< ,,"* *#$!$&*# 5 '*( #" :"&:'*,"$&* /@ 1<. D* !% /r#+!' ,* r"*!!$& @C, N*O@ = N*C, @ 2O !& +& !,r r(* /,$#. L* ("+* *!'$$#*# r"*,$-*#* r*#$! "& +&* (,+!$& #" ,+!(* "& *+* !& +&* !&!"&'r*!$& #", 2? 9*8$" +'$,$-*# ? r*%( #" *+* "('$%* 0+" ,* #"&($#*# #", *-!*r ("* 1r1%, (" +'$,$- 2?r(.
4. DISCUSION DE RESULTADOS L* &*'+r*,"-* #" ,*( (+('*&!$*( "( +&* #" ,( '"%*( %( "('+#$*#( /r ,* 0+%$!* * 0+" #" *!+"r# * ('* "('& #"'"r%$&*#( ,( '$/( #" r"*!!$&"( 0+" (" /r"("&'*& #" *!+"r# * ,( r"*!'$( "& +& /r!"(. L* '$'+,*!$& "( +& %'# /*r* #"'"r%$&*r ,* !*&'$#*# #" +&* (+('*&!$* /r"("&'" "& (,+!$&. U&* (,+!$& #" !&!"&'r*!$& !&!$#* ,,*%*#* (,+!$& *,r*#* (" *r"* !& +&* 8+r"'* * ,* (,+!$& 0+" (" *&*,$-*. E& ", !*( $#"*, ,* *#$!$& (" #"'$"&" !+* (" 9* *r"*# ,* !*&'$#*# #" r"*!'$ #"'"r%$&*#* "& :+&!$& #" +& !*%8$ #" !,r*!$& "& ", !*( #" +'$,$-*r +& $$!*#r $&'"r&. A( /+"( ,* '$'+,*!$& "( +& /r!"( "& ", !+*, ,* (,+!$& "('*r #", /*'r& /r$%*r$< (" !%8$&* !& +&* (,+!$& #" !&!"&'r*!$& #"(!&!$#* /*r* #"'"r%$&*r #$!9* !&!"&'r*!$& ,* !+r* #" '$'+,*!$& "( ,* r:$!* 0+" $$!* !% ", /@ #" ,* (,+!$& !*%8$* #+r*&'" ", 'r*&(!+r( #" ,* %$(%* ", /@ (" r:$!* !&'r* ", ,+%"& #" 8*(" !$# *r"*#<.
3
E&'&!"( /#r* "&'""r(" !% :$&*, #" ,* '$'+,*!$& *, %%"&' "& 0+" ", /@ ,,"*(" * 7 ($& "%8*r "(' "(' "& :+&!$& #" ,* H:+"r-* #", !$# ,* 8*(" 0+" (" "('& '$'+,*. A( !+* ,* &"+'r*,$-*!$& (" /r#+!" "&'r" +& !$# :+"r'" +&* 8*(" :+"r'". E, /@ "& ", /+&' #" "0+$*,"&!$* "( 7 * 0+" '#( ,( $&"( 9*& ($# &"+'r*,$-*#(. Pr 'r* /*r'" !+* ,* r"*!!$& !+rr" "&'r" +&* 8*(" :+"r'" +& !$# #8$, ", *&$& #", !$# (+:r" +&* 9$#r,$($( /r , 0+" ", /@ *, 0+" !+rr" ,* &"+'r*,$-*!$& "( %*r 0+" 7. "& ,* ($'+*!$& !&'r*r$* "&'r" !$# :+"r'" +&* 8*(" #8$, ", !*'$& #" ,* 8*(" (+:r" +&* 9$#r,$($( /r#+!$(" $&"( 9$#r&$ /r , 0+" ", /@ "( %"&r 0+" 7. P*r* #"'"r%$&*r ('" /+&' #" "0+$*,"&!$*< /#"%( +'$,$-*r ,* !+r* #" '$'+,*!$& /'"&!$%'r$!* #" ,* r"*!!$& !$#=8($!* !+* r:$!* r"(+,'* #", /@ #", ($('"%* !&'r* ,+%"& #" !$# #" 8*(" *r"*#( "& ,* '$'+,*!$& U%,* 2??? /.6?2<. E& ,*( '$'+,*!$&"( (" /+"#"& +'$,$-*r $$!*#r"( $&'"r&(. L( $$!*#r"( (& !%/+"('( r&$!( #" "('r+!'+r* !%/,"K* 0+" !*%8$*& #" !,r "& (,+!$& * %"#$#* 0+" !*%8$* ", /@. P('"r$r%"&'" (" ":"!'+ ,* *!'$$#*# #" #" !&!"&'r*!$& #" (*!*r(* 'r*'* #" 8'"&"r +&* (,+!$& !& +&* !&!"&'r*!$& #", 2?. P*r* "('* (,+!$& (" 9$- &"!"(*r$ #" ?r( #" (,+' *+*< #" %*&"r* */r>$%*#* !&($#"r* 0+" ,* #"&($#*# #", *-!*r "( #" 1r%, "&'&!"( (" *r" 2?r( #" #$!9 (,"&'". U&* "- %"-!,*#*( (" #$(+"," 9*('* & 8("r*r r"($#+( #" ,+!(*. T"&$" ,* #$(,+!$& (" /r!"#" * "r$:$!*r %"#$*&'" +& */*r*' ,,*%*# r":r*!'%"'r !,!* +&* /"0+"* '* "& ,* /,*!* (" /&" * 'r*(,+- (" 8("r* ,* "(!*,* %*r!* ,* %"#$!$& "& r*#( Br$> B><. L( (,$#( (,+8,"( ''*,"( &( *+#*& * #"'"r%$&*r ,* !&!"&'r*!$& #" (*!*r(* /r 1?? %$,$,$'r( #" +&* (,+!$& ,( (,$#( (,+8,"( ''*,"( (" #"'"r%$&*& !& ", $!" #" r":r*!!$& ", !+*, (" ">/r"(* !& ,( r*#( 8r$> Br$>< * +&* '"%/"r*'+r* "('*r #" 2?!"&'$r*#( & *r$*& /"r ($ ,* '"%/"r*'+r* "( %"&r ,* %"#$!$& #" 8r$> #$(%$&+" ,""%"&'"; /r "K"%/, "& +&* (,+!$& #" 3? Br$> * +&* '"%/"r*'+r* #" 2?C ", /r!"&'*K" #" #" (*!*r(* "& ,* (,+!$& "( #" 3? "& 1??%,. P"r ($ ,* ,"!'+r* "( #" 3?Br$> * +&* '"%/"r*'+r* #" 15C ",
4
/r!"&'*K" #" (,$#( (,+8,"( "( #" 3?Br$> = ?.35Br$>< 2.65Br$>. E(' !+rr" $+*,%"&'" ($ ,* '"%/"r*'+r* "( %*r * 2?C (, 0+" "('* "- (" *#$!$&* * ,* ,"!'+r* +& *,r #" !rr"!!$&.
5. CONCLUSIONES
P*r* ", !*( #" ,*( (,+!$&"( 0+%$!*( (" ,," * !*8 +&* /r+"8* #" ,*8r*'r$ 0+" !&($('$ "& ,* N"+'r*,$-*!$& #" ,* (,+!$&. E& "('" !*( (" +'$,$- !% r"*!'$( 1? r( #" @$#r>$# #" (#$ N*O@< #$,+$#( "& 25?%, #" *+* /@12< 1?%, #" !$# !,r9#r$! @C,< ,,"* *#$!$&*# 5 '*( #" :"&:'*,"$&* /@ 1<. D* !% /r#+!' ,* r"*!!$& @C, N*O@ = N*C, @2O !& +& !,r r(* /,$#.
F$&*,%"&'" /*r* /r"/*r*r (,+!$&"( !& +&* !&!"&'r*!$& !&!$# :+" &"!"(*r$ r"*,$-*r +& ">/"r$%"&' ("&!$,,. E('" "( +&* (,+!$& #" ,+!(* "& *+* !& +&* !&!"&'r*!$& #", 2? 9*8$" +'$,$-*# ? r*%( #" *+* "('$%* 0+" ,* #"&($#*# #", *-!*r ("* 1r%, (" +'$,$- 2?r(.
6. BIBLIOGRAFÍA 1. L* S"+r$#*# "& ,( L*8r*'r$( #" Pr!'$!*( U&$"r($#*# #" A,!*, 15 C%$($& #" S"+r$#*# S*,+# L*8r*, 9''/)2.+*9."("#"K"(+(("+r$#*#.9'% 2. C. P*,*!$( 2???=2??1 HR"*!!$&"( !$#=8*(" r"(!*'*# #", "8 ", 26 #" ("/'$"%8r" #" 2??5. 9''/)/"r(.*&*#."(!/*,*!$*!$#8*("2.9'% 3. D!+%"&'*,. C$"&!$* B($!* E>/"r$%"&'*, /*r* A,+%&( #" I&"&$"r$* Q+$%$!*. D$(/&$8," "&; 9''/)!$"&!$*=8*($!*=">/"r$%"&'*,.&"''$'+,*!$&.9'% 4. L*8r*'r$ Ar"&'$&. T$'+,*!$& A!$#=B*(" #" (,+!$&"(. D$(/&$8," "&) 9''/)'/,*8r*'r$0+$%$!.8,(/'.!%2???'$'+,*!$&=*!$#= 8*(".9'%,.U%@:TR0U
7. APÉNDICE
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7.1 P!"#$%&%#'(!)* R#+"(%,!) - M+(#%+* @$#r>$# #" (#$ N*O@< "& ,"&'"K*( S*!*r(* C12@24O12< 1 ,$'r #" (,+!$& #" !$# !,r9#r$! 2.? N A+* #"(%$&"r*,$-*#* F"&:'*,"&* *,!9,$!* L"&'"( #" ("+r$#*# P'"&!$%"'r T$r*( /@ R":r*!'%"'r 2 8*,&"( *:r*#( #" 5?? %, !& '*/& 8*,&"( *:r*#( #" 25? %, 4 8"*"r( #" 1?? %, 2 8"*"r( #" 25? %, 1 /$/"'*( 1 /$-"'*( 1 8+r"'* 1 B*,*&-* • •
• • • •
• • • • •
PREPARACION DE SOLUCIONES S!/"%0' A U(%%+ ++) $# !(#""%0' ++ + #++"%0' $# )(+ )!/"%0' 1. C,!*r "& +& 8"*"r #" 25? %, ,* %*(* #" N*O@ &"!"(*r$* /*r* 8'"&"r +&* (,+!$& 1 M *r"*r 1?? %, #" *+* #"(%$&"r*,$-*#* #$(,"r !%/,"'*%"&'" PRECAUCION) "& !*( #" !&'*!' ,**r $&%"#$*'*%"&'" ", r"* *:"!'*#* #+r*&'" 1? %$&+'(< 2. C,!*r "& +& 8*,& *:r*# #" 25? %, "('* (,+!$& ,**r !& ,* /$-"'* ", 8"*"r !,!*r, ('* (,+!$& "& ", 8*,& "(' *("+r* 0+" '# ", 9$#r>$# "(' #"&'r #", 8*,&<. 3. Ar"*r *+* 9*('* /*r'"( #", ,+%"& #", 8*,&. 4. C%/,"'*r 9*('* ,* %*r!* #", 8*,& *:r*r< +'$,$-* ,* /$-"'*.
S!/"%0' B
6
1. C,!*r "& +& 8"*"r #" 25? %, ,* %*(* #" (*!*r(* &"!"(*r$* /*r* 8'"&"r +&* (,+!$& *, 2?%< *r"*r 1?? %, #" *+* #"(%$&"r*,$-*#*; #$(,"r !%/,"'*%"&'". 2. C,!*r "& +& 8*,& *:r*# #" 5?? %, ('* (,+!$& ,**r !& ,* /$-"'* ", 8"*"r !,!*r, "('" ,+%"& #"&'r #", 8*,& "(' *("+r* 0+" '#* ,* (*!*r(* "(' #"&'r #", 8*,&<. 3. Ar"*r *+* 9*('* /*r'"( #", ,+%"& #", 8*,&. 4. C%/,"'*r 9*('* ,* %*r!* #", 8*,& *:r*r< +'$,$-* ,* /$-"'*. 5. Crr8r*r ,* !&!"&'r*!$& +'$,$-* ", r":r*!'%"'r.
NEUTRALI8ACION DE SOLUCIONES ACIDAS O BASICAS 1. C,!*r #"&'r #" ,* 8+r"'* ,* (,+!$& #" 9$#r>$# #" (#$ 1 M. 2. C,!*r "& +& 8"*"r 75 %, #" ,* (,+!$& #" !$# !,r9#r$! 2.? N +'$,$-* ,* /r8"'*. 3. Ar"*r 'r"( !+*'r '*( #" $$!*#r #" :"&:'*,"&* * ,* (,+!$& #" !$# !,r9#r$!. 4. T$'+,*r 9*('* 0+" ", $$!*#r $r" #" !,r * +& r(* /,$#. 5. M"#$*&'" ,* "!+*!$& !rr8r ($ ", ,+%"& !&(+%$# "( ", *#"!+*# V1C1 V2C2
7
7.2 Cuestionario / Actividades
1. C% (" /+"#" "r$:$!*r ,*( !&!"&'r*!$&"( #" ,*( (,+!$&"( 0+" (" /r"/*r*&W M"#$*&'" ","%"&'( #" %"#$!$& /r "K"%/, ", /*/", 'r&*(, ", /@%"'r "&'r" 'r(.
2. Q+ !+$#*#( (" #"8" '"&"r *, %%"&' #" /r"/*r*r (,+!$&"(W A, %%"&' #" +'$,$-*r r"!$/$"&'"( #"8"& "('*r !%/,"'*%"&'" ("!( ,$%/$( /*r* 0+" & ">$('* +&* *,'"r*!$& "& ,* /r"/*r*!$& #" ,* (,+!$&. A($ %$(% $r '%* &'* #" ,( /"(( #" !*#* ","%"&' * %"-!,*r.
3. Pr 0+ ,* !&!"&'r*!$& #" *-!*r"( (" /+"#" #"&%$&*r '*%8$& !% Br$>W L( r*#( Br$> (%8, B>< ($r"& /*r* #"'"r%$&*r ", !!$"&'" ''*, #" (*!*r(* (*, #$(+",'* "& +& ,0+$# "( ,* !&!"&'r*!$X& #" (X,$#(= (,+8,"( U&* (,+!$& #" 25 B> !&'$"&" 25 #" *-!*r (*!*r(*< /r 1?? #" ,0+$#. 4. Q+ #$:"r"&!$* ">$('" "&'r" #" *-!*r Br$> (,$#( (,+8,"(W E, /r!"&'*K" #" *-!*r "( %"#$# %"#$*&'" r*#( Br$> '*%8$& (" ">/r"(* "& #" (,$#( (,+8,"( 0+" "& !&!,+($& r"(+,'*& ($&&$%(. 5. C& , 8("r*# "& !,*(" #":$&* +& !&!"/' #" &"+'r*,$-*!$&. C% /#r* +'$,$-*r(" ,* &"+'r*,$-*!$& "& *!'$$#*#"( "%$&"&'"%"&'" *r!,*(. L* &"+'r*,$-*!$& /r!'$!*%"&'" "( ,,"*r +&* (,+!$& * ("* *!$#* 8*(" * +& /@ 0+" (" #"("*. A/,$!* "('" !&!"/' (" #* ", "K"%/, #" &"+'r*,$-*r ", *+* 8'"&$#* #" +& /- /*r* r"*,$-*r */,$!*!$&"( !& /r#+!'( *r!,*(. 6. E& ,* &"+'r*,$-*!$& (" +'$,$-*& #$:"r"&'"( $$!*#r"( */*r'" #" ,* :"&:'*,"&* %"&!$&" #( %( (+ +'$,$-*!$&. A-+, #" '$%, A&*r*&K*# #" %"'$,. 7. Q+ 9* 0+" !&($#"r*r "& ,*( #$,+!$&"( #" #$(,+!$&"(W R":$"r* * +& "K"%/, #" */,$!*!$& *r!,*. Q+" ,* #$(,+!$& 9** 0+"#*# 9%&"* /*r* 0+" & ">$('* +&* *,'"r*!$& "& ,* !&!"&'r*!$&. E(' */,$!* *, %%"&' #" !rr"$r #$(%$&+$r ,* #+r"-* #", *+* *&'"( +'$,$-*r *,& /r#+!' *r0+%$!.