PROFESOR: MOGUEL POZOS ERASMO INGENIERIA INDUSTRIAL SEC. 5IMC
MESA 1
INTEGRANTES ÁLVAREZ ÁLVAREZ SÁNCHES ESTRELLA MEDINA BENITEZ EDITH GASPAR GALICIA MIGUEL ANGEL MONTIJO GONZÁLES SALVADOR
®SPAWN
FECHA DE ENTREGA: 12 DE MARZO DEL AÑO 2004 CAL:________
OBJETIVOS:
Que el alumno ono!a " u#$l$e o%%e#amen#e el o&$lo&o'$o 'a%a la me($$)n (e &e*ale& el+#%$a&, Que el alumno ono!a la& 'o&$-le& a'l$a$one& (e +&#e $n&#%umen#o 'a%a la &olu$)n (e '%o-lema&, Que el alumno %eal$e la me($$)n (e &e*ale& el+#%$a&. $n#e%'%e#e %e&ul#a(o& " alule lo& /alo%e& R,M,S,
LISTA DE MATERIAL Y EQUIPO: Un o&$lo&o'$o, Una &on(a 'a%a el o&$lo&o'$o, Un 0ene%a(o% (e &e*ale&, Un a-le (e al$men#a$)n 'a%a o&$lo&o'$o, Do& a-le& 'a%a la& one1$one&,
INTRODUCCIÓN. ¿Qué ! u" #!$%&#!$#'%#( El o&$lo&o'$o e& -2&$amen#e un ($&'o&$#$/o (e /$&ual$!a$)n 0%23$a 4ue mue&#%a &e*ale& el+#%$a& /a%$a-le& en el #$em'o, El e5e /e%#$al. a 'a%#$% (e a6o%a (enom$na(o 7. %e'%e&en#a el /ol#a5e8 m$en#%a& 4ue el e5e 6o%$!on#al. (enom$na(o 9. %e'%e&en#a el #$em'o,
¿Qué '#)*#! +,$- $#" u" #!$%&#!$#'%#(. B2&$amen#e e&#o: • • • • • •
De#e%m$na% ($%e#amen#e el 'e%$o(o " el /ol#a5e (e una &e*al, De#e%m$na% $n($%e#amen#e la 3%euen$a (e una &e*al, De#e%m$na% 4ue 'a%#e (e la &e*al e& DC " ual AC, Loal$!a% a/e%;a& en un $%u$#o, Me($% la 3a&e en#%e (o& &e*ale&, De#e%m$na% 4ue 'a%#e (e la &e*al e& %u$(o " omo /a%$a e&#e en el #$em'o,
Lo& o&$lo&o'$o& &on (e lo& $n&#%umen#o& m2& /e%&2#$le& 4ue e1$&#en " lo u#$l$!an (e&(e #+n$o& (e %e'a%a$)n (e #ele/$&o%e& a m+($o&, Un o&$lo&o'$o 'ue(e me($% un 0%an n
&e%2 a'a! (e (a%no& el /alo% (e una '%e&$)n. %$#mo a%($ao. 'o#en$a (e &on$(o. n$/el (e /$-%a$one& en un o6e. e#,
¿Qué %'#! ) #!$%&#!$#'%#! /%!"( ?
Lo& e4u$'o& ele#%)n$o& &e ($/$(en en (o& #$'o&: Analógicos " Digitales, Lo& '%$me%o& #%a-a5an on /a%$a-le& on#$nua& m$en#%a& 4ue lo& &e0un(o& lo 6aen on /a%$a-le& ($&%e#a&, Po% e5em'lo un #oa($&o& e& un e4u$'o anal)0$o " un Com'a# D$& e& un e4u$'o ($0$#al, Lo& O&$lo&o'$o& #am-$+n 'ue(en &e% anal)0$o& ) ($0$#ale&, Lo& '%$me%o& #%a-a5an ($%e#amen#e on la &e*al a'l$a(a. e una /e! am'l$3$a(a (e&/;a un 6a! (e ele#%one& en &en#$(o /e%#$al '%o'o%$onalmen#e a &u /alo%, En on#%a&#e lo& o&$lo&o'$o& ($0$#ale& u#$l$!an '%e/$amen#e un on/e%&o% anal)0$o@($0$#al =AD> 'a%a almaena% ($0$#almen#e la &e*al (e en#%a(a. %eon&#%u"en(o 'o&#e%$o%men#e e&#a $n3o%ma$)n en la 'an#alla, Am-o& #$'o& #$enen &u& /en#a5a& e $non/en$en#e&, Lo& anal)0$o& &on '%e3e%$-le& uan(o e& '%$o%$#a%$o /$&ual$!a% /a%$a$one& %2'$(a& (e la &e*al (e en#%a(a en #$em'o %eal, Lo& o&$lo&o'$o& ($0$#ale& &e u#$l$!an uan(o &e (e&ea /$&ual$!a% " e&#u($a% e/en#o& no %e'e#$#$/o& ='$o& (e #en&$)n 4ue &e '%o(uen alea#o%$amen#e>,
¿Qué $#"-#&! '#! u" #!$%&#!$#'%# 0'%$#( A '%$me%a /$&#a un o&$lo&o'$o &e 'a%ee a una 'e4ue*a #ele/$&$)n 'o%#2#$l. &al/o una %e5$lla 4ue ou'a la 'an#alla " el ma"o% n
DESCRIPCIÓN Ve%#$al, Ho%$!on#al, D$&'a%o, Con#%ol (e la /$&ual$!a$)n Cone#o%e&,
¿C#*# u"$%#", u" #!$%&#!$#'%#( Pa%a en#en(e% el 3un$onam$en#o (e lo& on#%ole& 4ue 'o&ee un o&$lo&o'$o e& nee&a%$o (e#ene%&e un 'oo en lo& '%oe&o& $n#e%no& lle/a(o& a a-o 'o% e&#e a'a%a#o, Em'e!a%emo& 'o% el #$'o anal)0$o "a 4ue e& el m2& &en$llo ,
O!$%&#!$#'%#! ,",&23%$#!
Cuan(o &e one#a la &on(a a un $%u$#o. la &e*al a#%a/$e&a e&#a " 4ue &on la& ena%0a(a& (e (e&/$a% el 6a! (e ele#%one&. 4ue &u%0e (el a#o(o e $m'a#a en la a'a 3luo%e&en#e (el $n#e%$o% (e la 'an#alla. en &en#$(o /e%#$al, Ha$a a%%$-a &$ la #en&$)n e& 'o&$#$/a on %e&'e#o al 'un#o (e %e3e%en$a =GND> ) 6a$a a-a5o &$ e& ne0a#$/a, La &e*al #am-$+n a#%a/$e&a la &e$)n (e ($&'a%o 'a%a (e e&#a 3o%ma $n$$a% el -a%%$(o 6o%$!on#al =e&#e e& el ena%0a(o (e mo/e% el 6a! (e ele#%one& (e&(e la
'a%#e $!4u$e%(a (e la 'an#alla a la 'a%#e (e%e6a en un (e#e%m$na(o #$em'o>, El #%a!a(o =%eo%%$(o (e $!4u$e%(a a (e%e6a> &e on&$0ue a'l$an(o la 'a%#e a&en(en#e (e un ($en#e (e &$e%%a a la& 'laa& (e (e3le1$)n 6o%$!on#al =la& 4ue e&#an en 'o&$$)n /e%#$al>. " 'ue(e &e% %e0ula-le en #$em'o a#uan(o &o-%e el man(o TIME@BASE, El %e#%a!a(o =%eo%%$(o (e (e%e6a a $!4u$e%(a> &e %eal$!a (e 3o%ma mu6o m2& %2'$(a on la 'a%#e (e&en(en#e (el m$&mo ($en#e (e &$e%%a, De e&#a 3o%ma la a$)n om-$na(a (el #%a!a(o 6o%$!on#al " (e la (e3le1$)n /e%#$al #%a!a la 0%23$a (e la &e*al en la 'an#alla, La &e$)n (e ($&'a%o e& nee&a%$a 'a%a e&#a-$l$!a% la& &e*ale& %e'e#$#$/a& =&e a&e0u%a 4ue el #%a!a(o om$en!e en el m$&mo 'un#o (e la &e*al %e'e#$#$/a>, En la &$0u$en#e 3$0u%a 'ue(e o-&e%/a%&e la m$&ma &e*al en #%e& a5u&#e& (e ($&'a%o ($3e%en#e&: en el '%$me%o ($&'a%a(a en 3lano a&en(en#e. en el &e0un(o &$n ($&'a%o " en el #e%e%o ($&'a%a(a en 3lano (e&en(en#e,
Como onlu&$)n 'a%a u#$l$!a% (e 3o%ma o%%e#a un o&$lo&o'$o anal)0$o nee&$#amo& %eal$!a% #%e& a5u&#e -2&$o&: •
•
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La a#enua$)n ) am'l$3$a$)n 4ue nee&$#a la &e*al, U#$l$!a% el man(o AMPL, 'a%a a5u&#a% la am'l$#u( (e la &e*al an#e& (e 4ue &ea a'l$a(a a la& 'laa& (e (e3le1$)n /e%#$al, Con/$ene 4ue la &e*al ou'e una 'a%#e $m'o%#an#e (e la 'an#alla &$n lle0a% a &o-%e'a&a% lo& l;m$#e&, La -a&e (e #$em'o&, U#$l$!a% el man(o TIMEBASE 'a%a a5u&#a% lo 4ue %e'%e&en#a en #$em'o una ($/$&$)n en 6o%$!on#al (e la 'an#alla, Pa%a &e*ale& %e'e#$#$/a& e& on/en$en#e 4ue en la 'an#alla &e 'ue(an o-&e%/a% a'%o1$ma(amen#e un 'a% (e $lo&, D$&'a%o (e la &e*al, U#$l$!a% lo& man(o& TRIGGER LEVEL =n$/el (e ($&'a%o> " TRIGGER SELECTOR =#$'o (e ($&'a%o> 'a%a e&#a-$l$!a% lo me5o% 'o&$-le &e*ale& %e'e#$#$/a&,
Po% &u'ue&#o. #am-$+n (e-en a5u&#a%&e lo& on#%ole& 4ue a3e#an a la /$&ual$!a$)n: OCUS =en3o4ue>. INTENS, =$n#en&$(a(> nuna e1e&$/a. 7@POS ='o&$$)n /e%#$al (el 6a!> " 9@POS ='o&$$)n 6o%$!on#al (el 6a!>,
O!$%&#!$#'%#! )%3%,&! F
Lo& o&$lo&o'$o& ($0$#ale& 'o&een a(em2& (e la& &e$one& e1'l$a(a& an#e%$o%men#e un &$&#ema a($$onal (e '%oe&o (e (a#o& 4ue 'e%m$#e almaena% " /$&ual$!a% la &e*al,
Cuan(o &e one#a la &on(a (e un o&$lo&o'$o ($0$#al a un $%u$#o. la &e$)n /e%#$al a5u&#a la am'l$#u( (e la &e*al (e la m$&ma 3o%ma 4ue lo 6a$a el o&$lo&o'$o anal)0$o, El on/e%&o% anal)0$o@($0$#al (el &$&#ema (e a(4u$&$$)n (e (a#o& mue&#%ea la &e*al a $n#e%/alo& (e #$em'o (e#e%m$na(o& " on/$e%#e la &e*al (e /ol#a5e on#$nua en una &e%$e (e /alo%e& ($0$#ale& llama(o& muestras, En la &e$)n 6o%$!on#al una &e*al (e %elo5 (e#e%m$na uan(o el on/e%&o% AD #oma una mue&#%a, La /elo$(a( (e e&#e %elo5 &e (enom$na /elo$(a( (e mue&#%eo " &e m$(e en mue&#%a& 'o% &e0un(o,
Lo& /alo%e& ($0$#ale& mue&#%ea(o& &e almaenan en una memo%$a omo 'un#o& (e &e*al, El n
'un#o& (el %e0$&#%o. una /e! almaena(o& en la memo%$a. 'a%a '%e&en#a% en 'an#alla la &e*al, De'en($en(o (e la& a'a$(a(e& (el o&$lo&o'$o &e 'ue(en #ene% '%oe&o& a($$onale& &o-%e lo& 'un#o& mue&#%ea(o&. $nlu&o &e 'ue(e ($&'one% (e un '%e($&'a%o. 'a%a o-&e%/a% '%oe&o& 4ue #en0an lu0a% an#e& (el ($&'a%o, un(amen#almen#e. un o&$lo&o'$o ($0$#al &e mane5a (e una 3o%ma &$m$la% a uno anal)0$o. 'a%a 'o(e% #oma% la& me($(a& &e nee&$#a a5u&#a% el man(o AMPL,. el man(o TIMEBASE a&; omo lo& man(o& 4ue $n#e%/$enen en el ($&'a%o,
Mé#)#! ) *u!-# Se #%a#a (e e1'l$a% omo &e la& a%%e0lan lo& o&$lo&o'$o& ($0$#ale& 'a%a %eun$% lo& 'un#o& (e mue&#%eo, Pa%a &e*ale& (e len#a /a%$a$)n. lo& o&$lo&o'$o& ($0$#ale& 'ue(en 'e%3e#amen#e %eun$% m2& 'un#o& (e lo& nee&a%$o& 'a%a %eon&#%u$% 'o&#e%$o%men#e la &e*al en la 'an#alla, No o-&#an#e. 'a%a &e*ale& %2'$(a& =omo (e %2'$(a& (e'en(e%2 (e la m21$ma /elo$(a( (e mue&#%eo (e nue&#%o a'a%a#o> el o&$lo&o'$o no 'ue(e %eo0e% mue&#%a& &u3$$en#e& " (e-e %eu%%$% a una (e e&#a& (o& #+n$a&: • In#e%'ola$)n. e& (e$%. e&#$ma% un 'un#o $n#e%me($o (e la &e*al -a&an(o&e en el 'un#o an#e%$o% " 'o&#e%$o%, • Mue&#%eo en #$em'o e4u$/alen#e, S$ la &e*al e& %e'e#$#$/a e& 'o&$-le mue&#%ea% (u%an#e uno& uan#o& $lo& en ($3e%en#e& 'a%#e& (e la &e*al 'a%a (e&'u+& %eon&#%u$% la &e*al om'le#a,
Mu!-# " %*'# -,& $#" I"-'#&,$%2" El m+#o(o &#an(a%( (e mue&#%eo en lo& o&$lo&o'$o& ($0$#ale& e& el mue&#%eo en #$em'o %eal: el o&$lo&o'$o %eune lo& &u3$$en#e& 'un#o& omo 'a%a %eon#%u$% la &e*al, Pa%a &e*ale& no %e'e#$#$/a& ) la 'a%#e #%an&$#o%$a (e una &e*al e& el
Mu!-# " %*'# 4u%,&" Al0uno& o&$lo&o'$o& ($0$#ale& u#$l$!an e&#e #$'o (e mue&#%eo, Se #%a#a (e %eon&#%u$% una &e*al %e'e#$#$/a a'#u%an(o una 'e4ue*a 'a%#e (e la &e*al en a(a $lo, E1$&#en (o& #$'o& -2&$o&: Mue&#%eo &euen$al@ Lo& 'un#o& a'a%een (e $!4u$e%(a a (e%e6a en &euen$a 'a%a on3o%ma% la &e*al, Mue&#%eo alea#o%$o@ Lo& 'un#o& a'a%een alea#o%$amen#e 'a%a 3o%ma% la &e*al
Té-*%"#! u%&%6,)#! ,& *)%- E1$&#e un #+%m$no 0ene%al 'a%a (e&%$-$% un 'a#%)n 4ue &e %e'$#e en el #$em'o: #"),, E1$&#en on(a& (e &on$(o. on(a& oean$a&. on(a& e%e-%ale& " 'o% &u'ue&#o. on(a& (e #en&$)n, Un o&$lo&o'$o m$(e e&#a& " la am'l$#u( en el e5e /e%#$al =7>, La 3o%ma (e on(a no& '%o'o%$ona una /al$o&a $n3o%ma$)n &o-%e la &e*al, En ual4u$e% momen#o 'o(emo& /$&ual$!a% la al#u%a 4ue alan!a ". 'o% lo #an#o. &a-e%
&$ el /ol#a5e 6a am-$a(o en el #$em'o =&$ o-&e%/amo&. 'o% e5em'lo. una l$nea 6o%$!on#al 'o(%emo& onlu$% 4ue en e&e $n#e%/alo (e #$em'o la &e*al e& on&#an#e>, Con la 'en($en#e (e la& l$nea& ($a0onale&. #an#o en 3lano (e &u-$(a omo en 3lano (e -a5a(a. 'o(%emo& onoe% la /elo$(a( en el 'a&o (e un n$/el a o#%o. 'ue(en o-&e%/a%&e #am-$+n am-$o& %e'en#$no& (e la &e*al =an0ulo& mu" a0u(o&> 0ene%almen#e (e-$(o& a '%oe&o& #%an&$#o%$o&,
T%'#! ) #"),! Se 'ue(en la&$3$a% la& on(a& en lo& ua#%o #$'o& &$0u$en#e&: • On(a& &eno$(ale& On(a& ua(%a(a& " %e#an0ula%e& • • On(a& #%$an0ula%e& " en ($en#e (e &$e%%a, • Pul&o& " 3lano& ) e&alone&,
O"),! !"#%),&! Son la& on(a& 3un(amen#ale& " e&o 'o% /a%$a& %a!one&: Po&een una& '%o'$e(a(e& ma#em2#$a& mu" $n#e%e&an#e& ='o% e5em'lo on om-$na$one& (e &e*ale& &eno$(ale& (e ($3e%en#e am'l$#u( " 3%euen$a &e 'ue(e %eon&#%u$% ual4u$e% 3o%ma (e on(a>. la &e*al 4ue &e o-#$ene (e la& #oma& (e o%%$en#e (e ual4u$e% a&a #$enen e&#a 3o%ma. la& &e*ale& (e #e&# '%o(u$(a& 'o% lo& $%u$#o& o&$la(o%e& (e un 0ene%a(o% (e &e*al &on #am-$+n &eno$(ale&. la ma"o%;a (e la& 3uen#e& (e 'o#en$a en AC =o%%$en#e al#e%na> '%o(uen &e*ale& &eno$(ale&, La &e*al &eno$(al amo%#$0ua(a e& un a&o e&'e$al (e e&#e #$'o (e on(a& " &e '%o(uen en 3en)meno& (e o&$la$)n. 'e%o 4ue no &e man#$enen en el #$em'o,
O"),! $u,)-,),! 7 -$,"3u&,-! La& on(a& ua(%a(a& &on -2&$amen#e on(a& 4ue 'a&an (e un e&#a(o a o#%o (e #en&$)n. a $n#e%/alo& %e0ula%e&. en un #$em'o mu" %e(u$(o, Son u#$l$!a(a& u&ualmen#e 'a%a '%o-a% am'l$3$a(o%e& =e&#o e& (e-$(o a 4ue e&#e #$'o (e &e*ale& on#$enen en &$ m$&ma& #o(a& la& 3%euen$a&>, La #ele/$&$)n. la %a($o " lo& o%(ena(o%e& u#$l$!an mu6o e&#e #$'o (e &e*ale&. 3un(amen#almen#e omo %elo5e& " #em'o%$!a(o%e&, La& on(a& %e#an0ula%e& &e ($3e%en$an (e la& ua(%a(a& en no #ene% $0uale& lo& $n#e%/alo& en lo& 4ue la #en&$)n 'e%manee a n$/el al#o " -a5o, Son 'a%#$ula%men#e $m'o%#an#e& 'a%a anal$!a% $%u$#o& ($0$#ale&,
O"),! -%,"3u&,-! 7 " )%" ) !%--, Se '%o(uen en $%u$#o& ($&e*a(o& 'a%a on#%ola% /ol#a5e& l$nealmen#e. omo 'ue(en &e%. 'o% e5em'lo. el -a%%$(o 6o%$!on#al (e un o&$lo&o'$o anal)0$o ) el -a%%$(o #an#o 6o%$!on#al omo /e%#$al (e una #ele/$&$)n, La& #%an&$$one& en#%e el n$/el m;n$mo " m21$mo (e la &e*al am-$an a un %$#mo on&#an#e, E&#a& #%an&$$one& &e (enom$nan rampas, La on(a en ($en#e (e &$e%%a e& un a&o e&'e$al (e &e*al #%$an0ula% on una %am'a (e&en(en#e (e mu6a m2& 'en($en#e 4ue la %am'a a&en(en#e,
Pu&!#! 7 &,"$#! 2 !$,&#"! Se*ale&. omo lo& 3lano& " lo& 'ul&o&. 4ue &olo &e '%e&en#an una &ola /e!. &e (enom$nan &e*ale& transitorias, Un 3lano ) e&al)n $n($a un am-$o %e'en#$no en el /ol#a5e. 'o% e5em'lo uan(o &e one#a un $n#e%%u'#o% (e al$men#a$)n, El 'ul&o $n($a%$a. en e&#e m$&mo e5em'lo. 4ue &e 6a one#a(o el $n#e%%u'#o% " en un (e#e%m$na(o #$em'o &e 6a (e&one#a(o, Gene%almen#e el 'ul&o %e'%e&en#a un -$# (e $n3o%ma$)n a#%a/e&an(o un $%u$#o (e un o%(ena(o% ($0$#al ) #am-$+n un 'e4ue*o (e3e#o en un $%u$#o ='o% e5em'lo un 3al&o on#a#o momen#2neo>, E& om
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P-%#)# 7 F-$u"$%, S$ una &e*al &e %e'$#e en el #$em'o. 'o&ee una 3%euen$a =3>, La 3%euen$a &e m$(e en He%#! =H!> " e& $0ual al n
V#&,8 Vol#a5e e& la ($3e%en$a (e 'o#en$al el+#%$o en#%e (o& 'un#o& (e un $%u$#o, No%malmen#e uno (e e&o& 'un#o& &uele &e% ma&a =GND. />. 'e%o no &$em'%e. 'o% e5em'lo &e 'ue(e me($% el /ol#a5e '$o a '$o (e una &e*al =V ''> omo la ($3e%en$a en#%e el /alo% m21$mo " m;n$mo (e e&#a, La 'ala-%a amplitud &$0n$3$a 0ene%almen#e la ($3e%en$a en#%e el /alo% m21$mo (e una &e*al " ma&a,
F,! La 3a&e &e 'ue(e e1'l$a% mu6o me5o% &$ on&$(e%amo& la 3o%ma (e on(a &eno$(al, La on(a &eno$(al &e 'ue(e e1#%ae% (e la $%ula$)n (e un 'un#o &o-%e un $%ulo (e , Un $lo (e la &e*al &eno$(al a-a%a lo& ,
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Cuan(o &e om'a%an (o& &e*ale& &eno$(ale& (e la m$&ma 3%euen$a 'ue(e ou%%$% 4ue am-a& no e&#en en 3a&e.o &ea. 4ue no o$n$(an en el #$em'o lo& 'a&o& 'o% 'un#o& e4u$/alen#e& (e am-a& &e*ale&, En e&#e a&o &e ($e 4ue am-a& &e*ale& e&#an (e&3a&a(a&. 'u($en(o&e me($% el (e&3a&e on una &$m'le %e0la (e #%e&: S$en(o # el #$em'o (e %e#%a&o en#%e una &e*al " o#%a,
¿Qué ',-9*-#! %"&u7" " &, $,&%),) ) u" #!$%&#!$#'%# Lo& #+%m$no& (e3$n$(o& en e&#a &e$)n no& 'e%m$#$%an om'a%a% ($3e%en#e& mo(elo& (e o&$lo&o'$o ($&'on$-le& en el me%a(o,
A"$+# ) B,"), E&'e$3$a el %an0o (e 3%euen$a& en la& 4ue el o&$lo&o'$o 'ue(e me($% on '%e$&$)n, Po% on/en$o el an6o (e -an(a &e alula (e&(e H! =on#$nua> 6a&#a la 3%euen$a a la ual una &e*al (e #$'o &eno$(al &e /$&ual$!a a un , (el /alo% a'l$a(o a la en#%a(a =lo 4ue o%%e&'on(e a una a#enua$)n (e (B>,
T%*'# ) !u%), E& o#%o (e lo& 'a%2me#%o& 4ue no& (a%2. 5un#o on el an#e%$o%. la m21$ma 3%euen$a (e u#$l$!a$)n (el o&$lo&o'$o, E& un 'a%2me#%o mu" $m'o%#an#e &$ &e (e&ea me($% on 3$a-$l$(a( 'ul&o& " 3lano& =%eo%(a% 4ue e&#e #$'o (e &e*ale& 'o&een #%an&$$one& en#%e n$/ele& (e #en&$)n mu" %2'$(a&>, Un o&$lo&o'$o no 'ue(e /$&ual$!a% 'ul&o& on #$em'o& (e &u-$(a m2& %2'$(o& 4ue el &u"o '%o'$o,
S"!%%&%),) -%$,& In($a la 3a$l$(a( (el o&$lo&o'$o 'a%a am'l$3$a% &e*ale& (+-$le&, Se &uele '%o'o%$ona% en mV 'o% ($/$&$)n /e%#$al. no%malmen#e e& (el o%(en (e F mV($/ =lle0an(o 6a&#a ? mV($/>,
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V&#$%),) Pa%a o&$lo&o'$o& anal)0$o& e&#a e&'e$3$a$)n $n($a la /elo$(a( m21$ma (el -a%%$(o 6o%$!on#al. lo 4ue no& 'e%m$#$%2 o-&e%/a% &ue&o& m2& %2'$(o&, Suele &e% (el o%(en (e nano&e0un(o& 'o% ($/$&$)n 6o%$!on#al,
E/,$%u) " &, 3,","$%, In($a la '%e$&$)n on la ual el &$&#ema /e%#$al (el o&$lo&o'$o am'l$3$a ) a#en
E/,$%u) ) &, ,! ) %*'#! In($a la '%e$&$)n en la -a&e (e #$em'o& (el &$&#ema 6o%$!on#al (el o&$lo&o'$o 'a%a /$&ual$!a% el #$em'o, Tam-$+n &e &uele (a% en 'o%en#a5e (e e%%o% m21$mo,
V&#$%),) ) *u!-# En lo& o&$lo&o'$o& ($0$#ale& $n($a uan#a& mue&#%a& 'o% &e0un(o e& a'a! (e #oma% el &$&#ema (e a(4u$&$$)n (e (a#o& =e&'e;3$amen#e el on/e%&o% AD>, En lo& o&$lo&o'$o& (e al$(a( &e lle0a a /elo$(a(e& (e mue&#%eo (e Me0a mue&#%a& &0, Una /elo$(a( (e mue&#%eo 0%an(e e& $m'o%#an#e 'a%a 'o(e% /$&ual$!a% 'e4ue*o& 'e%$o(o& (e #$em'o, En el o#%o e1#%emo (e la e&ala. #am-$+n &e nee&$#a /elo$(a(e& (e mue&#%eo -a5a& 'a%a 'o(e% o-&e%/a% &e*ale& (e /a%$a$)n len#a, Gene%almen#e la /elo$(a( (e mue&#%eo am-$a al a#ua% &o-%e el man(o TIMEBASE 'a%a man#ene% on&#an#e el n
R!#&u$%2" -%$,& Se m$(e en -$#& " e& un 'a%2me#%o 4ue no& (a la %e&olu$)n (el on/e%&o% AD (el o&$lo&o'$o ($0$#al, No& $n($a on 4ue '%e$&$)n &e on/$e%#en la& &e*ale& (e en#%a(a en /alo%e& ($0$#ale& almaena(o& en la memo%$a, T+n$a& (e 2lulo 'ue(en aumen#a% la %e&olu$)n e3e#$/a (el o&$lo&o'$o,
L#"3%u) )& -3%!-# In($a uan#o& 'un#o& &e memo%$!an en un %e0$&#%o 'a%a la %eon&#%u$)n (e la 3o%ma (e on(a, Al0uno& o&$lo&o'$o& 'e%m$#en /a%$a%. (en#%o (e $e%#o& l;m$#e&. e&#e 'a%2me#%o, La m21$ma lon0$#u( (el %e0$&#%o (e'en(e (el #ama*o (e la memo%$a (e 4ue ($&'on0a el o&$lo&o'$o, Una lon0$#u( (el %e0$&#%o 0%an(e 'e%m$#e %eal$!a% !oom& &o-%e (e#alle& en la 3o%ma (e on(a (e 3o%ma mu" %2'$(a =lo& (a#o& "a 6an &$(o almaena(o&>. &$n em-a%0o e&#a /en#a5a e& a o&#a (e on&um$% m2& #$em'o en mue&#%ea% la &e*al om'le#a,
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C;LCULOS Mediciones
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CONCLUSIONES E1$&#en Do& #$'o& (e O&$lo&o'$o&. el anal)0$o " el ($0$#al " omo onlu&$)n 'a%a u#$l$!a% (e 3o%ma o%%e#a un o&$lo&o'$o anal)0$o nee&$#amo& %eal$!a% #%e& a5u&#e -2&$o&: La a#enua$)n ) am'l$3$a$)n 4ue nee&$#a la &e*al, U#$l$!a% el man(o • AMPL, 'a%a a5u&#a% la am'l$#u( (e la &e*al an#e& (e 4ue &ea a'l$a(a a la& 'laa& (e (e3le1$)n /e%#$al, Con/$ene 4ue la &e*al ou'e una 'a%#e $m'o%#an#e (e la 'an#alla &$n lle0a% a &o-%e'a&a% lo& l;m$#e&, • La -a&e (e #$em'o&, U#$l$!a% el man(o TIMEBASE 'a%a a5u&#a% lo 4ue %e'%e&en#a en #$em'o una ($/$&$)n en 6o%$!on#al (e la 'an#alla, Pa%a &e*ale& %e'e#$#$/a& e& on/en$en#e 4ue en la 'an#alla &e 'ue(an o-&e%/a% a'%o1$ma(amen#e un 'a% (e $lo&, • D$&'a%o (e la &e*al, U#$l$!a% lo& man(o& TRIGGER LEVEL =n$/el (e ($&'a%o> " TRIGGER SELECTOR =#$'o (e ($&'a%o> 'a%a e&#a-$l$!a% lo me5o% 'o&$-le &e*ale& %e'e#$#$/a&, Lo& #$'o& (e &e*ale& 4ue &e 'ue(en la&$3$a% en lo& ua#%o #$'o& &$0u$en#e&: • On(a& &eno$(ale& On(a& ua(%a(a& " %e#an0ula%e& • KF
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On(a& #%$an0ula%e& " en ($en#e (e &$e%%a, Pul&o& " 3lano& ) e&alone&
S$ una &e*al &e %e'$#e en el #$em'o. 'o&ee una 3%euen$a =3>, La 3%euen$a &e m$(e en He%#! =H!> " e& $0ual al n
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