Original for lute in G minor, guitar edition in E major. Excellent in connection with LachrimaeFull description
Frog VLEFull description
vle frogFull description
LEVEL OF THE TELENCEPHALON AND OLFACTORY ORGANS STRUCTURE Telencephalon
FUNCTION
- region is paired - each unit is roughly hemispherical hemispherical but flattened at the midline
LOCATION
ORIGIN
HOW IS IT FORMED?
FATE
- Anterior division of the prosencephalon
formed by the evagination of the side of the neural tube at the anterior end of the neurocoel
Lateral ventricle
Layers of the Brain: 1) Ependymal Layer
DESCRIPTIONS
- one cell thick, ciliated layer
Cilia
- immediately immediately surrounding the neurocoel aid in the movement of the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain and in the central canal of the spinal cord
2) Mantle Layer
- broad layer
3) Marginal Layer
- contains neuroblasts from the inner layers and nerve fibers
- adjacent to the ependymal layer - outermost outermost layer
- Gray matter of CNS - White matter of CNS
Nasal Organ
- tubular
External naris
- opening of the nasal cavity to the outside
Internal naris
- opening of the nasal cavity into the buccal region - contain photoreceptors
Frontal organ
Oral papillae
- olfactory nerve connecting the olfactory lobes to the brain ARISES FROM the olfactory epithelium - marks the point of the original ectodermal invagination
- beneath the epidermis, it migrates forward from the region of the diencephalon to the region of the telencephalon
- arises as an evagination of the diencephalic roof together with the epiphysis
picking up smell of food from the buccal region
Jacobson’s organ
Buccal cavity
third eye
- lying ventrolateral to the telencephalon
- where nasal cavity and mouth opens - lined with epithelium - jaws are tipped with horny material and tooth germs external to the jaws; lobose structures
- the invagination of the ectoderm
evagination of the nasal organ
- derived from the stomodeum
Prechordal Prechordal cartilage
- a hyaline cartilage - chondrocytes present using HPO
- beneath telencephalon
Melanocytes
- stellate cells
- scattered over the dorsolateral dorsolateral region of the brain - lateral to the nasal organs
melanin
- forms chondrocran iumium- a cartilaginous cranium
fine granules (light brown individually; black in aggregate)
Mesenchyme
- stellate, mesodermal cells
- fills space between the organs and epidermis
Epidermis
- composed of 2 strata of ectodermal ectodermal cells
- outer layer of the skin
**note free melanin granules and some melanocytes
- form a loose reticulum, with the outermost cells forming the dermis of the integument
LEVEL OF THE DIENCEPHALON AND THE EYE STRUCTURE
DESCRIPTIONS
Diencephalon Diencephalo n
- ventrally elongated - has III ventricle: a cavity
Infundibulum
- funnel-like - in more posterior sections of the diencephalon, this is seen as a smaller, ventral component of the diencephalon with thin roof and thick sides
Mesencephalon
cerebral aqueduct: Pituitary body/Hypophysis
FUNCTION
LOCATION
ORIGIN
HOW IS IT FORMED?
FATE
- posterior subdivision of the prosencephalon - evagination of the diencephalic floor - subsequently subsequently evaginates the posterior or neural lobe of the pituitary together with the stomodeum - bears 3rd and 4th cranial nerves
- middle region of the brain - dorsal to the diencephalons
cavity - an oval mass - an endocrine gland
- beneath the thin floor of infundibulum
- derived from the infundibulum and a solid ingrowth from the stomodeum
if tracing is continued posteriorly, the hypophysis disappears and the tip of the notochord, flanked by parachordal cartilages will be seen
Eye: Layers of the Optic cup -> 1) Retina
- thick
- inner layer
Differentiate Differentiate d into: Layer of the ganglian cells. Innermost sublayer of the retina: retina: -the axons of the nerve cells in this sublayer form the optic nerve - the region where the optic nerves cross in the floor of the diencephalo n is known as the optic chiasma
Layer of the bipolar neurons: neurons: -middle layer of the cells that will synapse the receptor and the ganglian cells
Rods and cones: cones: - outermost
Pigmented epithelium
Lens
lens epithelium
lens fibers
Cornea
Choroid and Sclera
- outer wall of the optic cup
- spherical body - partly enclosed by the optic cup -: -: one-cell thick outer layer columnar cells at the core of the lens ->> will later become long fibers arranged in layers - covering of the eye
- outer investments of the optic cup - at this stage: represented by the mesodermal cells aggregating outside the pigmented epithelium
- formed from the medial half of the optic vesicle - formed by the thickenings of the inner wall of the lens vesicle
- superficial
- formed by an assembly of the ectodermal and mesodermal cells between the ectoderm and lens
sublayer of the retina where the photorecept oral process is formed - iris of the eye
Pharynx
Hypobranchial cartilages
Thyroid
Skeletal muscle
Oral suckers
- broad gut - lined by endodermal cells - long masses of cartilages
- a pair of small endocrine bodies - associated with the pharynx - mesodermal masses - cross-striations present (HPO) - a pair of glandular structures - composed of elongated columnar cells, on the ventral surface of the tadpole that produce a sticky slime for attachment to floating objects
-support the pharynx - make up parts of the visceral skeleton
- under the floor of the foregut
- beneath the hypobranchial cartilages - lying on the lateral and ventral side of the pharynx
LEVEL OF THE MYELENCEPHALON AND AUDITORY VESICLE STRUCTURE Myelencephalon
DESCRIPTIONS - with a thick floor (basal plates)
FUNCTION
LOCATION
ORIGIN
HOW IS IT FORMED?
- most posterior region of the brain
- in later developmen t, its thin roof becomes vascularized to form the posterior choroids plexus
IV ventricle
Auditory vesicle
Cavity of myelencephaon - completely closed, hollow organ - thick-walled tube
1) Endolymphatic duct
- on each side of medulla - between medulla and the ear vesicle
2) Utriculus
3) Semicircular canals
4) Sacculus
FATE
- marks the course of the invagination of the auditory vesicle from the ectoderm
- large, dorsal chamber of the ear vesicle - 3 mutually perpendicular perpendicular folds of the auditory vesicle - sensory epithelium is represented by the thickened horizontal canal - ventral chamber
Paired chamber continuous with the gut; contains internal gills w/ brachial blood vessels Blood vessel Blood vessel; 3-6 aortic arches because they are gill bearing
LOCATION
ORIGIN
HOW IS IT FORMED?
On each sie of the heart
Connect dorsal and ventral aorta
Above each gill chamber Within branchial arches and encircling the pharynx
Ganglia
Facial ganglion (VII)
(aka geniculate ganglion) ganglion)
Large mass of nerve cell bodies
Anterior to auditory ganglion Fusion of facial and auditory ganglia
mass of nerve cell bodies External wall of the opercular cavity Anterior subdivision of the rhombencephalon
Anterior and dorsal to the acousticafacialis ganglion Below each auditory vesicle Formed by a body fold Behind the optic lobes and medial to the V ganglion
FATE
LEVEL OF THE PRONEPHROS AND THE FIRST SPINAL GANGLION STRUCTURE
DESCRIPTIONS
FUNCTION
LOCATION
Spinal cord
Neural canal (aka central canal) canal)
Gray matter
White matter
Meninges First spinal ganglia Myotomes
ORIGIN From posterior region of the neural tube
Cavity that is laterally compressed by the thick lateral walls of the spinal cord Lined by Ependymal cells that have cilia and pigment granules Inner layer of the spinal cord clos to ependymal Composed of neuroblast and neuroglia -Peripheral -Periphera l layer of the spinal cord - contains the axons of the neurons in the gray matter Membranous covering of the CNS Masses of nerve cell bodies -Thickened primordia of skeletal muscles -Arranged
LONGITUDINALLY
Ventrolateral to the spinal cord On each side of the notochord
HOW IS IT FORMED?
FATE
STRUCTURE
DESCRIPTIONS
Pleroperitineal Pleroperitineal cavity
Coelomic cavity containing containing the viscer except heart Contains the lungs Contains digestive organs, associated glands, kidney and reproductive organs
Pleural cavity Peritoneal cav
Esophagus Dorsal aorta
Tubular organ w/ folded muscular lining Paired blood vessel
Pronephros
Paired excretory organs
Pronephric tubules
Ducts of pronephros lined by cuboidal epithelium Blood vessels
Posterior cardinal veins Nephrostome
Nephric duct
FUNCTION
Opening of the pronephric tubules ino the coelom -Lone duct observed at mos caudal section of pronephros -moves medially and joins cloaca cloaca where it empties its contents
LOCATION
ORIGIN
Below the notochord Between notochord and esophagus *they will fuse into a single blood vessel posteriorly Ventrolateral region of the body cavity
Supplies pronephros w/ blood
w/in pronephros
nephrotome
HOW IS IT FORMED?
FATE
STRUCTURE
DESCRIPTIONS
FUNCTION
LOCATION
Glomus
-2 triangular shaped structures -tufts of small blood vessels surrounded on their lateral and ventral surfaces by coelom
-functional components of pronephric kidney -diffuses waste products into coelomic fluid
Ventral to dorsal aorta tha hang down into the coelomic cavity
Stomach
Posterior continuation of the esophagus w/ folded lining and thick muscular walls
Duodenum
Region of the gut
Intestine
Filed with yolk platelets Highly vascularized
Liver
sinusoids
Gallbladder Bile duct
Pancreas
Evaginations of the endodermal lining form the rudiments of the gastric gland
Stores bile
Between pyloric end of stomach and intestine Posterior to the duodenum Right of the midline
Spaces in the liver One cell thick Associated w/ liver Thick walled tube that appears in place of gallbladder Identified by presence of nest of cells (alveoli) surrounding small ducts
ORIGIN
Secretes bile
-Within curvature of stomach -located to the right of the liver and bile duct
