UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MOQUEGUA ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERIA AGROINDUSTRIAL
MONOGRAFIA ASIGNATURA:
BIOTECNOLOGIA
TEMA:
ENZIMAS Y APLICANCION EN LA AGROINDUSTRIA
INTEGRANTES:
KARINA YUDELY CAYPA MELINA CATACORA CATACORA ORTIZ JULY CHAMBILLA FLORES RAUL ASENCIO CASILLA DARWIN MARIO CANAZA RAMOS
DOCENT DOCENTE E:
Ing.
CICLO:
IX
FECHA:
RAQUEL ALLISON CHOQUEHUANCA CHOQUEHUAN CA PINEDA
1!"!1"
CONTENIDO I. INTRODUCCI INTRODUCCION... ON......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ .............. .........# .# II.
OBJETIVOS OBJETIVOS...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ................ ........................... ............................# ...........#
III.
MARCO MARCO TEORI TEORICO. CO.... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ....... ...... ...... ...... ....... ........ ......... ......... ......... ......" ."
$.1. $.1. PROPIE PROPIEDAD DADES ES GENERAL GENERALES ES DE LAS ENZIMAS.. ENZIMAS..... ....... ........ ......... ......... ......... .........." ....." $.%. FUENTES FUENTES DE OBTENCI&N OBTENCI&N DE ENZIMAS..... ENZIMAS........... ............ ............ .............. .....................' .............' $.$. $.$. BIOT BIOTEC ECNO NOLO LOG( G(A A ENZI ENZIM) M)TI TICA CA Y BIOT BIOTRA RANS NSFO FORM RMAC ACIO IONE NES S DE INTER*S INDUSTRIAL....................................................................................' $.+. IMPAC IMPACTO TO ACTUAL ACTUAL EN LA TECNOLOG( TECNOLOG(A A DE ALIMENT ALIMENTOS... OS................. ...............' .' $.#. UTILIZACI UTILIZACI&N &N DE LAS ENZIMAS ENZIMAS EN EN LA INDUSTRIA INDUSTRIA ALIMENT ALIMENTAR ARIA..., IA..., $.#.1. $.#.1. V-n/0/ V-n/0/ -n 2/ 34245/647 34245/647n n 8- -n549/ -n549/...... ............ ............ ............. ............. ............ ................, .........., $.". ENZIMAS ENZIMAS DE IMPORT IMPORTAN ANCIA CIA EN ALIMENT ALIMENTOS.... OS.......... .............. .........................1 .................1 $.".1. $.".1. L/6//. L/6//....... ............ ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .............. ............11 ....11 $.".%. $.".%. R-n4n/: R-n4n/: Q349; Q349;4n/ 4n/ ; F-<9-n F-<9-n;...... ;............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ................ .................1 .......11 1 $.".$. $.".$. P/=/>n/.. P/=/>n/........ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ..........1% ....1% $.".+. $.".+. B<;9-24n/. B<;9-24n/....... ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............... ..............1% .....1% $.".#. $.".#. F464n/... F464n/......... ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ................. ............................ .........................1% ........1% $.".". $.".". P<;-// P<;-// M46<;?4/n/ M46<;?4/n/...... ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ .................... ........................1% ..........1% $.".@. $.".@. C-232// C-232//...... ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ................. ...........................1% ................1% $.".'. $.".'. G236;/I G236;/I;9-< ;9-
G236;/O G236;/O48/ 48//..... /........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .............. ....................1+ ............1+
$.".1 $.".11 1.
P-64n P-64n;E ;E-
$.".1% $.".1%..
C//2/ C//2// / O H48<7g H48<7g-n; -n;PP-<7 <748; 48;O O48; 48;RR-836 836/ //... /....... ......... ......... ........1+ ....1+
$.".1$. $.".1$.
L4=//... L4=//......... ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ................. ............................ ...................1# ..1#
$.@. ENZIMAS ENZIMAS EN LA INDUSTRIA INDUSTRIA CERVECERA CERVECERA...... .................. ............................. .....................1# ....1# $.@.
[email protected]. 1. A=246 A=246/6 /64; 4;nn- - 49=;< 49=;</ /n6 n64/ 4/ 8- 2/ -n549/ -n549/ -n 2/ -2/? -2/?;< ;
$.'. $.'. PRINCI PRINCIPA PALES LES ENZI ENZIMA MAS S EN LA ELAB ELABORA ORACI& CI&N N DE CERVE CERVEZA.......1@ ZA.......1@ $.'.1. $.'.1. En549/ En549/ =<;-;2>46/ =<;-;2>46/...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ .........1' ...1' $.'.%. $.'.%. En549/ En549/ 84/46/ 84/46/.... .......... ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ .................... ...................1, .....1, $.'.$. $.'.$. E2 /2//942/ /2//942//..... /........... ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............... .......................... .......................% ......% $.'.+. $.'.+. L/ ?-//942/ ?-//942//... /......... ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ........................ ..........................% ........% $.,. $.,. PRODUC PRODUCCIO CION N DE ENZIMAS ENZIMAS EN LA INDUS INDUSTRI TRIA A LACTE LACTEA A LACT LACTA ASA Y
%1 $.,.1. $.,.1. ENZIMAS ENZIMAS LACTA LACTASA SA Y RENINA.. RENINA........ ............ ............ ............ ............. ............. ................. ..............%1 ...%1 $.,.%. $.,.%. ORIGEN: ORIGEN: ACCION: ACCION: APLICAC APLICACI&N I&N DE LA LACTAS LACTASA.....................%1 A.....................%1 $.,.$. $.,.$. FENOMENO FENOMENO DE LA COAGULAC COAGULACION.... ION.......... ............ ............ ............ ......................%% ................%% $.,.+. $.,.+. APLICA APLICACI& CI&N N DE ENZIMAS ENZIMAS EN LA INDU INDUSTR STRIA IA LECH LECHERA ERA.........%$ .........%$ $.,.#. $.,.#. ORIGEN ORIGEN:: ACCIO ACCION: N: APLI APLICAC CACI&N I&N DE LA RENI RENINA: NA: QUIMO QUIMOSINA SINA O %$ $.,.". $.,.". ENZIM ENZIMAS AS AUXI AUXILIA LIARES RES DE LA LA MADU MADURAC RACI&N I&N DE QUESO QUESOS......%$ S......%$ $.,.@. $.,.@. INTOLERA INTOLERANCIA NCIA A LA LACTOSA. LACTOSA....... ............ ............ .................. ............................. ....................%+ ...%+ $.,.'. $.,.'. DEGRA DEGRADAC DACION ION DE LA LACT LACTOSA OSA POR EL CALOR CALOR..... .......... .............. ..........%# .%# $.,.,. $.,.,. CLASIFICA CLASIFICACION CION Y PRESENCIA PRESENCIA CLINICA...... CLINICA............ ............ ............ ..................%# ............%# $.,.1 $.,.1..
DEFICI DEFICIEN ENCIA CIA SECUN SECUNDAR DARIA IA DE LACTA LACTASA.... SA....... ...... ...... ....... ......... ......... ........%" ....%"
$.1. $.1.
INMOVI INMOVILIZ LIZACI ACI&N &N DE ENZIMA ENZIMAS... S...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... ....%@ %@
$.11.
ASPECTOS GENERALES SOBRE LA INMOVILIZACI&N I&N DE
ENZIMAS.........................................................................................................%' $.11 $.11.1.
M;8; M;8; 8- 4n9; 4n9;4245 4245/64 /647n 7n 8- -n54 -n549/ 9/ =;< =;< <--n6 <--n647n 47n >4 >46/..... 6/.......%, ..%,
$.11. $.11.1.%.% 1.%.%.. R-/6;<- R-/6;<- 8- 9-9?
IV. IV.
$.11 $.11.%.
A=246/ A=246/64; 64;n- n- 8- 2/ 2/ -n549/ -n549/ 4n9; 4n9;424 4245/8 5/8/. /.... ....... ......... .......... ......... ......... ..........$+ .....$+
$.11. $.11.$. $.
A=246/64; A=246/64;n- n- -n 2/ In83<4/ In83<4/ A249-n/ A249-n/<4/..... <4/........... ............ ............ ............ ............ .........$+ ...$+
CONCLUSION CONCLUSIONES... ES......... ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ..................... .....................$# ......$#
V. B4?24;g B4?24;g/.... /.......... ............ ............. ............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ................$" ..........$"
I.
INTRODUCCION H; -n 8>/ 2/ -6n;2;g>/ -n54946/ ;63=/ 3n 23g/< 49=;</n- 8-n<; 8- 2/ ?4;-6n;2;g>/ -=-6>46/9-n- 8-n<; 8-2 -6;< /249-n/<4;. A2<-8-8;< 8- 3n "# 8- 2/ -n549/ 3- - =<;836-n 4n83<4/29-n- -n 8- 3n/ 3 ;n/ 3- /6/ 6;9; 6//245/8;< ?4;27g46;: 22-/n8; / 6/?; <-/664;n- ?4;3>946/ / 93 /2/ -2;648/8-: n; - 6;n39- 83/ -n54946/ - -n;6/ / 2/ 6;n-</647n 8- /249-n; ; 8- 3 6;9=;n-n- =;< -0-9=2;: 4/94n/: 6;9; /9?4n -n /2g3n; 6/9?4; 3>946; 3- 3<-n 2; /249-n;: 6/9?4; 3- =3-8-n <-32/< ?-n-464;; 9/83 949; -2 3; 9 -464-n- 8- 9/-<4/ =<49/ -2 9-0;/ -2494n/< 6;9=3-; /n4n3<464;n/2- 8- 64-</ 9/-<4/ =<49/. En 2/ /63/248/8 -4-n 9 8- % -n549/ =-<-6/9-n- 6/46/9-n- 6;n;648/ 8-8- 3n =3n; 84/ 3>946;: 446;3>946; 64n46;. E- 946/ 2/ ?4;-6n;2;g>/. E2 =<--n-
II.
OBJETIVOS A=<-n8-< / I8-n446/< -2 3; 8- 2/ -n549/ -n 2/ /g<;4n83<4/. C;n;6-< /6-<6/ 8- 2/ 84-<-n- 3-n- =/
III. MARCO TEORICO III.1.PROPIEDADES GENERALES DE LAS ENZIMAS A =<4n64=4; 8-2 =<--n- 4g2;: 2/ <-/664;n- 6//245/8/ =;< -n549/ -n46/ 8- 2/ -n549/ - 45; -48-n-. E- <-32/8; - 8-?47 / 2/ 6<4/245/647n 8- 2/ -n549/ 3<-// 3- 48<;245/ 2/ 3<-/ =;< S39n-< /<4/ -n549/ 48<;245/n- 8- =<;->n/ =;< N;<<;=. S- 8-9;<7 3- 2/ =<-=//n 3n/ <-2/647n 6;n/n- 8- /6448/8 -n54946/ <-=-6; / 2/ 9// 8- =<;->n/ / n/: -n -5 8- 6;n434< 3n 6;n/94n/n-: ;n 2; 6//245/8;<- <-/2- C;nn S39=: 1,,". C;9; -2 -0-9=2; 8- 2/ 3<-//: 2/ -n549/ g<3=; 8- -n549/ - n;9?n/ 89/;< /9/; 3- =<--n/n 3n =2-g/94-n; 6;9=/6;. S- 6;n48-
D4<-6647n -n 2/ 63/2 2/ <-/6647n 6//245/8/ =;< 2/ -n549/ =3-8- /n/245/<-
6429-n- 4n 4<; 8-2 3
L; 8; 249; =3n; n; ;2; 8-=-n8-n 8- 2/ 6;n/n- 8- -3424?<4;: 4n; /9?4n 8- 2/ 6;n6-n946/. En /2g3n; 6/;: 2/ / 8- 2; 6//245/8;<-: 2/ -n549/ ;n -=-64/29-n- -46/6-. S;n -464-n-: 6//245/n <-/664;n- / /2/ -2;648/8- / -9=-46; 3-2-n /63/< ;?<- 72; 3n/ ;<9/ 8- 3n 6;9=3-; 7=46/9-n- /64- /3n 63/n8; -- - -n63-n<- -n 3n/ 9-562/ 8- ;<9/ 34946/ 3- 4-n-n <-/64; =<;836; 93 844n;. E; =-<94- 3- 3n/ <-/6647n 3- n; - -n-
46/ =;< 2/ 6;n6-n
III.2.FUENTES DE OBTENCIÓN DE ENZIMAS
L/ 3-n- =<4n64=/2- 8- =<;836647n 8- -n549/ =/
An49/2- L/ 4n83<4/ -9=/6/8;g/8; 8- 2; /n49/2-: /2- 6;9;
2/ <4=4n/: 24=// 63/0; 349;4n/ <-n4n/. V-g-/2- L/ 4n83<4/ 8- 2/ 9/2/ 8- 6-?/8/ - 2/ 3-n- =<4n64=/2 8- -n549/ 8- 6-<-/2-. L/ -n549/ =<;-;2>46/ 3- 8-gn/ /2- 6;9; 2/
=/=/>n/ 2/ ?<;9-24n/ - ;?4-n-n 8- 2/ =/=// 8-2 /n/n: <-=-64/9-n-. M46<;?4/n/ =<4n64=/29-n- - -
III.3.BIOTECNOLOGÍA ENZIMÁTICA Y BIOTRANSFORMACIONES DE INTERÉS INDUSTRIAL L/ -n549/: 6;9; 6//245/8;<- ?4;27g46;: =;--n 3n/ -<4- 8- 6/46/ 93 4n-<-/n- =/946;: /<9/6346; 884/gn746; M/8<4/n.C: 1,''. En 936; 6/;: 2; =<;6-; -n54946; /n 8-9;/ ;<-6- 2/ =;4?4248/8 8<-/245/< 3n/ ?4;946;: >46; -n54946;: =/
III.4.IMPACTO ACTUAL EN LA TECNOLOGÍA DE ALIMENTOS L/ -n549/ 4n-<4-n-n -n =<646/9-n- ;8/ 2/ <-/ 4n;236/ 8- /249-n;: =;< 2; 3- -2 -n549;2;g; 8-?- /=<-n8-< / 6/46/ C;nn S39=: 1,,".
III..UTILIZACIÓN DE LAS ENZIMAS EN LA INDUSTRIA ALIMENTARIA
D- 2/ 942- 8- -n549/ 6;n;648/: ;2; /2g3n/ 8-6-n/ - =<;836-n / -6/2/ 4n83<4/2: =// /39-n/ -2 n9-<; 8- <-/664;n- 4n83<4/2- 3- --6/n =;< <3/ -n54946/ B/834: %".
III..1.
V!"#$%$& !" '$ (#)')*$+)," -! !"*)$&
S;n 8- ;<4g-n n/346/ -n 3 9/n-
-63n8/<4/ 4n8--/?2- F3n64;n/n -n 6;n8464;n- 9;8-
6;n8464;n- 8- =<;6-/94-n; 8<46/ 3- =3-8/n /2-
/249-n;: n4 8- -34=; 93 6;;; A6/n / ?/0/ 6;n6-n/ g-n46/ 3- n/: -n<- 2/ 3- - -n63-n
III./.ENZIMAS DE IMPORTANCIA EN ALIMENTOS A2g3n; 8- 2; /=-6; 9 <-2-/n- 8- 2/ -n549/ 63/ /6448/8- ;n 49=;</n- -n 2/ 6;n-</647n =<;6-/94-n; 8- /249-n; ; -n 2/ =<;836647n 8- 9/-<4/ =<49/. S- <-4/<n / 2/ -n549/ 3- 48<;245/n 6/
-n549/ 3- 48<;245/n =<;->n/: / 2/ 3- 48<;245/n 2>=48; ;
INDUSTRIA
ENZIMAS
USOS
Láctea
T<4=4n/.
En9/6/
Quesería
L/6// Q349;4n/
8-2/6;/8/: -4/ 2/ 6<4/245/647n 8- 2-6- 6;n6-nn/ 8- 2/ 2-6- 6/->n/.
<-n4n/.
In23-n64/ -n -2 /?;< /6-2-
L/6//. Helads
Cár!"cas
L4=// L/6//.
E4/ 2/ -3
G236;/
P-<94- 2/ 34245/647n 8- 0/
4;9-n/.
A?2/n8/94-n; 8- 6/
F464n/. #a!"$"cac"%!
Cer&ecería
'"!"$"cac"%!
(e)"das
B<;9-24n/ A942//.
M-0;
P<;-//.
=//. P<;836- 3n/ 94g/ 93 ?2/n6/ M-0;
L4=;48//.
8- 2/ 3=-<464-.
L/6// A942//.
U/8/ =/
P/=/>n/.
83
P-=4n/ P-64n//.
M-0;
G236;/
;63<-6494-n; 2; /?;<- 8-/g
;48// ! P-64n//.
alc*%l"cas
M-0;
G236;/
-n <36;/ 0/
4;9-
;23?4248/8 8494n3- 2/ 3
T/nn//.
;63<-6494-n; 2; /?;<- 8-/g
G236;/ ;48// Ta)la +: En549/ -n 2/ 84-<-n- 4n83<4/ /249-n/<4/. Fue!te: B4;-6n;2;g>/ 8- 2; A249-n; G/<64/: O4n-<;: L;=-5M3ng<4/:
%+
III./.1.
L$+#$&$
Or",e! L-/83
A=-
9 8326- 9 6429-n- /4942/?2-. A-l"cac"!es: C;9; 2/ 2/6;/ - 8- 9-n;< ;23?4248/8 3- 2; ;<; /56/<-: 4-n- -n8-n64/ / 6<4/245/< -n 6;n6-n; 82-6- 6;n8-n/8/: -2/8; 8- 2-6- 8- 6<-9/ 6;n6-n
III./.2.
R!")"$0 ()&)"$ F!!"#
Or",e! P;< 9/6-
6;n 2-6- -n /g3/ /2/8/ - ;?4-n- -2 22/9/8; 63/0;: 63; =<4n64=4; /64; - 2/
-n549/ 3- - -=-n8- -n ;<9/ 8- 3n -
III./.3.
P$$5"$
S- ;?4-n- =;< =3<446/647n 8-2 539; 2-6;; 2- 6;/g32/8;: =<;-n4-n- 824g-
III./.4.
B!')"$
S- ;?4-n- =;< =<-64=4/647n 6;n /6-;n/ 8-2 03g; <-32/n- 8- 2/ =<-47n 8- 2; /22; <-64n ?<;/8; 8- 2/ B<;9-246-/: 2/ =4/ G/6-/ H3??2-: 1,,.
III./..
F)+)"$
S- ;?4-n- 8-2 2- 6;/g32/8; =<;-n4-n- 8- 6;<- ; 4n644;n- =
III././.
P#!$&$& M)+6)$"$&
Or",e!: S- ;?4-n-n =;< 6324; 8- 6-=/ -2-664;n/8/ 8- ;ng; A=-
;<5/- ; ?/6-<4/ B/64223 3?424. Acc"%!: T;8/ -/ =<;-// 48<;245/n gn/ 84-<-n- /
8- /94n;648;. A-l"cac"%!: D346/: 6/3/8/ =;< 3 -n549/ =<;-;2>46/ 6/-=4n/ 394n4/: - =3-8- /6-2- /39-n/< 2/ -846; 8- 2/ =<;->n/ 6;n -22; -2 /?2/n8/94-n; 8- 2/ 6/
III./.7.
C!'('$&$&
Or",e!: Fng46; T<46;8-<9/ <---4 T. 4<48-: A=-
;n 6/=/6- 8- 8-8;?2/< 2/ 6-232;/ // g236;/. A-l"cac"%!: S- =<- 3 3; =/
/536/
III./.8.
G'(+&$9I&!$&$
Or",e!: B/6-<4/n; S<-=;96-: A-<;?/6-<: L/6;?/64223. Acc"%!: C//245/ 2/ 4;9-<45/647n 8- g236;/ -n <36;/.
A-l"cac"%!: C;9; -
63/n4/4/: <-32/n8; / =/<4< 8- 2/ g236;/: 3n /56/< 4n-<48;: 4;9-<;/: -
8-64<: 9-562/ 8- <36;/ g236;/. D-8;?2/n8; =<49-<; -2 /29487n 9-84/n- g236;/942//
--n3/29-n-
4n9;4245/8/: - =3-8- 5 ; 8- =/=/ G/6-/ H3??2-: 1,,.
III./.:.
I";!#$&$ O S$+$$&$
Or",e!: A63/29-n-: - -n4-n8- g-n-
<36;48//: 3- - =<;83648/ =;< 2-/83
4n-<// 4n-4n/2- 8- ;ng; A=-
A-l"cac"!es: E2 3; <-63-n- 8- 2/ 4n-<// -n /249-n; /536/
-n 2/ /: 6;9; ?;9?;n- 6;n <-22-n;: =<;836; 8 0/2-/: ;n8/n: 9/5/=/n- =/-2- /834-<-n -n;n6- 3n/ 6;n4-n64/ 3/-: 6<-9;/ ?2/n8/: /n 8-=3 8- 3n /29/6-n/94-n; =<;2;ng/8;.
III./.1<.
G'(+&$9O=)-$&$
Or",e!: Fng46; A=-
48<;245/8/ =;< 2/ 2/6;n// =<--n- -n 2/ 9/;<>/ 8- 2; =<-=/
g2367n46;: /g3/ ;>g-n;. A-l"cac"!es En 03g; ;<; 8-<4/8; 8- <3/ -<83g-n;: 6/3/n-
8- 6/9?4; 8- 6;2;<: =<848/ 8- /<;9/: 8- 4/94n/ C: 8- 3
III./.11.
P!+#)"9E&#!$&$ >P.E.? O P!+#)"9M!#)'9E&#!$&$
Or",e!: E =<;83648/ =;< ;ng; A=-
2-/83<46/.
Acc"%!: P<;836- 2/ 48<7244 8- 2/ =-64n/: ;<9/n8; 648; =646; ;
=;24g/2/63<7n46; 9-/n;2: /2 /63/< 8- =<--<-n64/ ;?<- 2; -n2/6- 9->246;: -64n; 8- g<3=; 6/246; 24?<-. C;9; -/ -n549/ ;n 2/ 6/3/n- 82/ =<848/ 8- 2/ 6/46/ 8- 3 36-8- 6;n -2 03g; 8- ;9/-: <46; -n -/ -n549/: 2/ 63/2 8-?- 4n/64/<- /n- 8- -=<494< -2 03g;: =;< 6/2-n/94-n; 8-2 ;9/- / 'C =;< +# -g. =/ 6;n-</< -2 63-<=; ; -3<46; 3-2- /g<-g/</ 2/ -5 =-64n// 3n/ =<;-// -g-/2 =/=/>n/: ?<;9-24n/: 2/ 63/2 6;n<4?3- / /39-n/< -2 8-8;?2/94-n; 8-2 =-6/; 8- 6/264; G/6-/ H3??2-: 1,,.
III./.12.
C$#$'$&$ O @)-,!"9P!,=)-9O=)-9R!-(+#$&$
Or",e!: Fng46; A=-
>g/8;: -<4<;64; 8- ;<4g-n /63n; =;<64n;. Acc"%!: C//245/ -2 8-8;?2/94-n; 8- =-<748; 8- 48<7g-n; -n /g3/ ;>g-n;.
A-l"cac"!es P<-=/
6//2// - -9=2-/n 3-348; =/;;: 6;9; 9/n-3422/: 9/;n-/ g 8-?- -4/<- 3- -2 2>=48; -ng/ -6-; 8- /648-5: 2/ 63/2 =3-8- 4n/64/< 2/ 6//2//. S3-2-n /=246/<- 8-2 =<-=/
III./.13.
L)$&$&
Or",e!: An49/2 =/n6<-46/: -g-/2 -9422/ 8- ;/: <464n;: /2g;87n
6-<-/2- 6;9; <4g; 9/>5 ng46; A=-
;
24=//
;9;g-n-45/647n.
3-
-
/64/
=;<
/g4/647n:
Acc"%!: C//245/ 2/ 48<7244 8- <4g246<48; / 84g246<48;: 9;n;g246<48;
648; g
=;464;n- 1 $ 8- 2; g246<48;. A-l"cac"!es: S- 3/ -n -2 8-8;?2/94-n; 8- 2>=48;: -n 2/ =<;836647n 8/<;9/ 8- 3-;: 6<-9/: 9/n-3422/: 9//. T/9?4n - 3/ -n -2 8-gn/ G/6-/ H3??2-: 1,,.
III.7.ENZIMAS EN LA INDUSTRIA CERVECERA S-gn ANDERSEN: % L/ /?<46/647n 8- 6-<-5/ 4-9=<- / 49=246/8; -2 3; 8- -n549/. An4g3/9-n-: 2/ 9/2/ 8- 6-?/8/ ; <4g; ;2>/ -< 2/ 9/-<4/ =<49/ 9 49=;</n- 6;9; ?/- =//. P;< -/ / - 34245/n g5 ; 2/ 6-?/8/. Un/ 6/46/ 6;9n / ;8; -; 9/-<4/2- - 3 6;n-n48; 4n/8-63/8; ; n32; 8- -n549/. C;n -; 9/-<4/2-: -2 /29487n: =<;->n/ g236/n; n-6-4/n -< 84g-<48; =;< ;946/: -2 8-/<<;22; 8-8- 2; 4n/2- 8- 2; /; --n/ // ; / 6;n83648; / 2/ =<;836647n 8- -n549/ 3- =3-8-n 3434< ; 6;9=2-9-n/< 2/ -n549/ 8- 2/ 9/2/: /n ?<4n8/8; / 2/ 4n83<4/ 6-<-6-
III.7.1. A')+$+)"!& ! )#$"+)$ -! '$& !"*)$& !" '$ !'$6$+)," -! +!;!*$ L/ =<-=/
3=2-9-n/647n -n54946/ 6;n /2//942//: g236;/942// =<;-// 8- ;<4g-n -g-/2 ; 946<;?4/n; -n 6/; 3- 2/ 9/2/ - /8464;n- 8-8- 3n =<4n64=4; =;< 5 ; <4g; n; g-<94n/8;. P;< ;g-n;: 2/ 235: -2 6/2;<: n/ 8- /2; =-; 9;2-632/<: =<;-n4-n- / -/ 8- 2/ 6-?/8/ ; 8- 2/ 2-/83n/ 6;/g32/n =;< 4n23-n64/ 8-2 ;>g-n; /9?4n 8- 2; /n4n; 6/; 8- 2/ 6-<-5/ / -<94n/8/. M-84/n- 2/ /84647n 8- =<;-//: 6;9; 2/ =/=/>n/: -/ =<;->n/ 8-8;?2/n -n 3 6;9=;n-n- 48<;;23?2- ==48; // /94n;648;: 3/ n; 6/3/n =<-64=4/64;n- ; -n3348/ 3n 6;n6-nn/ 8- M-<6 =;< -6;24<; 8- 6-<-5/: 8-=3 8- 3 42/: // 3n/ -9/n/. C;9; 2/ -n549/ 9/n4-n- 3 /6647n 8-=3 8- 2/ =/-3<45/647n "%C =;< % 94n. 8-2 22-n/8; 8- 2/ ?;-22/: 2/ 6-<-5/ - -/?4245/ /> 83; 4n -< /-6/8; 3 /?;<: =H -=39/. P/g-n; n-6-/<4; =/
-2 /?;< 2/ -/?4248/8 8- 2/ 6-<-5/ <-n- / -- -n79-n; /9?4n <-n- / 3n/ =;4?2- 6;n/94n/647n 9-246/ 8- 2/ 6-<-5/ -n2//8/.
III.8.PRINCIPALES ENZIMAS EN LA ELABORACIÓN DE CERVEZA S-gn ALVERTO: %1+L/ -n549/ - 8-4n-n 6;9; 6//245/8;<- ?4;27g46; 6;9=2-0; 8- n/3n46/: 3- 4n836-n <-/664;n- 4n -< 9;8446/8; =;< -22/ n4 /=/<-6-n -n -2 =<;836; 4n/2. S- /64/n 8-/64/n ?/0; 64-</ 6;n8464;n-. E2 9/6-n-4. E/ -n549/ 6<-/8/ 83348; 8326- 83348; 8326- - -=/348; - 4-<- 23-g; -n 2/ ;22/ 6;n -2 2=32; =/46/ 3- 6;9; 3 n;9?<- 49=246/: 8-gn/. Y -2 ;<; g<3=; 8- -n549/ 3- n; 49=;</ 6;n<;2/< 6;n 2/ 84/// ; -n549/ 84/46/: 3- 8-gn/ ;n 6/8-n/ 2/46/ 8- 2/ 9/2/ <-836-n -/ 6/8-n/ / 3n/ ;<9/ ?-n-464;/ =/n/ ;n 93 49=;</n- =/n/ 3- =-<9/n-6-n -n 2/ 6-<-5/ ;n <-=;n/?2- 8-2 63-<=; 2/ -n/647n -n ?;6/. H/ ;n/ 6;9?4n/8; 6;n
6/
III.8.1.
E"*)$& #!'5#)+$&
H/ 8; g<3=; 8- -n549/ =<;-;2>46/ 3- ;n 49=;</n- -n -2 =<;6-; 8/?<46/647n 8- 6-<-5/: 2/ =<;-4n// ; =<;-// 2/ =-=48//. L/ =<;-// n/ -n 6/8-n/ 8/94n;648; 9 =-3-/: 3- ;9-n/n 2/ <--n647n 8- -=39/ <-836-n 2/ 3n/: 3- 4<-n 8- /249-n; / 2/ 2-/8346/ - 6;n;6- 6;9; -6/27n 8- =<;->n/ ; =<;-;2>46;. L/ 9/;<>/ 8- 2/ =<;->n/ 8-2 9;; n; ;n ;23?2- // 3/26/n5/ -2 n/. E2 n/ - 2/ 8- # C. L/ -n549/ - 8-n/3/ ;9/<- 9;2-4/ =/n/ n; - /n n-6-/<4; /;/ 8- 2/ 9/2/ -n ;/29-n- 9;8446/8/. Un 9/2-/8; 9 2/46/ 8-gn/ 8- 2/ 9/2/ // 3n 64-<; =3n;: =;< 2; 3- -2 -6/27n 8- =<;->n/ n; - 93 3/8; ; -n 8>/. S4 ;9/ 2/ 6-<-5/ 62//: ; -9=2-/ 9/2/ =;6; 9;8446/8/: ; -9=2-/ 3n/ gn/. L/ <-/245/647n 8- 3n -6/27n 8- =<;->n/ 6;n 9/2/ ?4-n 9;8446/8/ =3-8- 6;n8364< / 2/ 8-gn/ <-=;n/?2- 82/ <--n647n 8- -=39/ ; 8-2 63-<=;: ;?-n4-n8; 3n/ 6-<-5/ /g3/8/ 4n -=39/. H/ ;46/ n/: 83
?-/g236/n; 4n /-6/< / 2/ =<;->n/ 3- 6;n<4?3-n /2 63-<=; 2/ <--n647n 8- -=39/.
III.8.2.
E"*)$& -)$&##)+$&
L/ -n549/ 84/46/ 8-g
F",ura N./+ /942//
III.8.3.
E' $'$9$)'$&$
C;</ 2/ 9;2632/ 8- /29487n 8- ;<9/ /2-/;<4/ -n <;5; ;?<- 2; 3- =3-846/9-n- 246/ -2 /29487n: =<-=/<n8;2; =/
6-<-5/ /> =<;83648/ - =2-n/: 6;n 3n 63-<=; 9 8-n; 9 -n/647n -n ?;6/.
III.8.4.
L$ 6!#$9$)'$&$
D-g: -n g-n-/ 9/6-
III.:.PRODUCCION DE ENZIMAS EN LA INDUSTRIA LACTEA >LACTASA Y RENINA0
III.:.1.
ENZIMAS LACTASA Y RENINA
A1 E!2"3as lactasa
L/ 2/6;/ n; 72; - 3n/ 3-n- 8- -n-/: 4n; 3- =;-- 3n /2;< n3<44; -=-64/2 =/
III.:.2.
ORIGEN0 ACCION0 APLICACIÓN DE LA LACTASA.
Or",e!: L-/83
A=-
9 8326- 9 6429-n- /4942/?2-. =H 7=49; +@. A-l"cac"!es: C;9; 2/ 2/6;/ - 8- 9-n;< ;23?4248/8 3- 2; ;<; /56/<-: 4-n- -n8-n64/ / 6<4/245/< -n 6;n6-n; 8- 2-6- 6;n8-n/8/ -2/8; 8 2-6- 8- 6<-9/ 6;n6-n
(1 E!2"3a re!"!a
L/ n-6-48/8 8- /n/245/< 2; 63/0; 6;/g32/n- / 6<-648; 8-8- 2; /; @: =<4n64=/29-n- 8-?48; /2 /9=24;
L/
3n48/8- S;2- -n 8-4n48/ 6;9; -2 ;239-n 8- 2-6- 3- - 6/=/5 8C;/g32/< 3n ;239-n 8- -n549/ -n + 94n3; / $#C. L/ 3-<5/ -/ -=<-/8/ -n ;<9/ 8- <-2/647n:=;< -0. 11#: 3- 4gn446/ 3- 192 8-
-n549/ - 6/=/5 8- 6;/g32/< 1# 92 8- 2-6-. E/ 3n48/8 - 642 8-n-n8-< =/ 6;9; /9?4n 6/<-6- 8- -n8/<- 8- <--<-n64/ C--2: In<;83664;n / 2/ B434n46/ T-6n;2;g4/ 8- 2; A249-n;: %
III.:.3.
FENOMENO DE LA COAGULACION
III14151+1 Fases de la acc"! de la re!"!a 6u"3s"!a
T;8; 2; 46; <-64-n- /=;/n 2/ 4-0/ 4=7-4 8- 2/ /2-n/ ;<4g4n/2: 3- /63/<>/ 6;9; 3n 6;2;48- =<;-6;< <-n- / 2; ;<; 6;9=;n-n-. a0 F/- -n54946/ ; <-/6647n =<49/<4/. E -2 63<; -n -2 63/2 2/ 349;4n/ //6/ 2/
6/->n/ 2/ ;23?4245/ -n =/<- =-3-/: -2 6;-464-n- 8- 2/ -9=-
-- -
3n
=<;6-;
6/46;
8-
2/
<-/664;n-
8-
8-n/3
III.:.4.
APLICACIÓN DE ENZIMAS EN LA INDUSTRIA LEC@ERA.
E -n 2/ 3--<>/ 8;n8- 2/ /=246/647n 8- -n549/ /39- -2 9/;< 4n-< -n -/ 4n83<4/
III.:.. ORIGEN0 ACCION0 APLICACIÓN DE LA RENINA0 UIMOSINA O FERMENTO LA(1
O<4g-n P;< 9/6-
Acc"%!: D--<94n/ 2/ 6;/g32/647n 8- 2/ 2-6- -n =<--n64/ 8- /2- 8- 6/264;:
=/n/ 8- 2/ 2-6- 6;n 24?-46/: - 8-<3- -2 --6; 8- 6;2;48- =<;-6;< 8- 2/ 946-2/ 8- 6/->n/: 6/3/n8; 3 2;632/647n. A648-5: 4-9=; -9=-46/ =;-<4;<- 8-2 3-; <-32/n-. =H 7=49; "@. S- / =<-=/
III.:./.
ENZIMAS AUILIARES DE LA MADURACIÓN DE UESOS.
P/n/ 8-2 3-; C/9-9?-<: =<;836- 2/ -346/ 8- 2; 3-; R;3-;<: G;
P<;-// 8- S<-=;96- - 3/n =/
9/83
III.:.7.
INTOLERANCIA A LA LACTOSA
L/ 4n;2-
4n-4n/2 6/3/8; =;< 3n/ g/<;-n-<44: 4n-664;n- ><46/ ;/: 8-?48; / 2/ /<;4/ -22;4/<4/. D-464-n64/ 8- 2/6// D-464-n64/ 8- 84/6/<48// In;2-46;: 2/ 2/6// ; g/2/6;48//. T;8; 2; /n49/2- 8-0/n 8- 4n-45/< 2/6// 8-=3 8- 2/ =<49-/ 4n42. S4n -9?/
III.:.8.
DEGRADACION DE LA LACTOSA POR EL CALOR
En<- 11C 1$C: 2/ 2/6;/ =3/ 8- /64/647n -2-/8/ -: =;< 2; /n; 8- 9-n;< 49=;</n64/ 3- 2/ <-/664;n- =<-6-8-n- -n -2 6/; 8- 2/ 2-66/2-n/8/. An- 8- 2/ /=/<4647n 8-2 ;63<-6494-n; - ;<9/ 3n 6;9=2-0; -n<2/ 6/->n/ 2/ 2/6;/ / 9 /2/ -9=-
III.:.:.
CLASIFICACION Y PRESENCIA CLINICA
III14141+1 De$"c"e!c"a -r"3ar"a de lactasa 7*"-lactas"a del adult0
S- -49/ 3- 3n @ 8- 2/ =;?2/647n 93n84/2 4-n- 8-464-n64/ =<49/<4/ 82/6//: <-=<--n/n8; 2/ 6/3/ 9 <-63-n- 8- 4n;2-n846- 8- 4=;2/6/4/ "1 - -n63-n
III.:.1<.
DEFICIENCIA SECUNDARIA DE LACTASA
S- <-4-<- / 2/ 8-464-n64/ 8- /6448/8 2/6// <-32/n- 8- 3n =<;6-; =/;27g46; 8- ?/- 3- 6;9=<;9-- 2/ 936;/ 8-2 4n-4n; 8-2g/8;: -n<- 2; 3- - 63-n/ g/<;-n-<44 /g38/: 84/<<-/ =-<4-n-: 84/<<-/ 6<7n46/: ;?<6<-6494-n; ?/6-<4/n; 4n-4n/2: 9-846/9-n;: -6. A3n 63/n8; - 9 <-63-n- 83n8<;9- 62>n46; 8- 4n;2-
-<- 39/n; - 6;n4<4-/ 8- 2/ =-<;n/ n; -g3>/ 6;n394-n8; 2-6- -n 3 48/: 8- /2 9/n-/n 2/6// 8-=3 8- 2/ =<49-n;9/: 34-n- 2; 4-n-n ;n 6;n48-n;9/ 6;93n- 4n623-n n3-/: <-;<40;n-: 4n6/57n: g/- 84/<<-/: 2; 63/2- 6;94-n5/n 8- $ 94n3; / % ;
III.1<.
INMOVILIZACIÓN DE ENZIMAS
D- ;<9/ g-n-46/ =3-8- -< <-34245/8/ 8- ;<9/ 6;n4n3/. En 6;9=/632/: 2/ 63/2- ;n 3n/ 3=-<464- 8- 6;n-4;n- 8- 6;93n48/8- 946<;?4/n/ 36;n4- -n 924=2- 6/=/ 8- 6232/ 4n6<3/8/ -n 9/<46- 48<46/ -2 648; /646; -2
F",ura /8: C;9=;n-n- 8- 3n 4-9/ 8- 4n9;4245/647n -n549/: ;=;<-
6n46/ 8- 4n9;4245/647n 2; 9;8; 9 6;93n- ;n 45. /8;<647n: 6-n<; /46/ ; 2/ -/?4248/8 <946/ 22-g/n / -< /2-
III.11. ASPECTOS GENERALES SOBRE LA INMOVILIZACIÓN DE ENZIMAS L/ 4n9;4245/647n 8- -n549/ - 3n =<;6-; -n -2 3- - 6;n4n/ ; 2;6/245/ / 2/ -n549/ -n 3n/ <-g47n 8-4n48/ 8-2 -=/64;: =/46/ 3- =3-8-n -< <-34245/8/ <-=-48/9-n-. P;-<4;<9-n- -/ 8-4n4647n - / /9=24/8; / /3-2 =<;6-; =;< -2 63/2 <-<4ng-n: 6;9=2-/ ; =/<64/29-n-: 2; g
E2 /39-n; 8- 2/ -/?4248/8 8- 2/ -n549/ L/ =;4?2- <-34245/647n 8-2 8-<4/8;: =;< 2; 3- 8494n3-n 2; 6;- 8-2
=<;6-;. L/ =;4?4248/8 8- 84-/< 3n <-/6;< -n54946; 8- 642 9/n-0; 6;n<;2: /8/=/8; / 2/ /=246/647n 8- 2/ -n549/ 4n9;4245/8/. L; 84-<-n- 4=; 8<-/6;<- -n54946; /=/<-6-n -n 2/ F4g3
<-6462/8;: 2; 3- =-<94- 2/ ;?-n647n 8- =<;836; 6;n 9/;< =3<-5/. L; =<4n64=/2- 4n6;n-n4-n- 8-2 =<;6-; 8- 4n9;4245/647n ;n L/ /2-n/ 4n9;4245/8/ 6;n 3n 84-<-n- n9-<; 83n4;n- /2 ;=;<-.
S4-9=<- 3-2- /?-< 3n/ =<848/ 8- /6448/8 8- 2/ -n549/ 83
9;4245/647n. E2 ?4;6//245/8;< - 9 6/<; 3- 2/ -n549/ n/4/.
F",ura /5: R-/6;<- -n54946; 3- -9=2-/n -n549/ 4n9;4245/8/.
III.11.1. M#-& -! )";)')*$+)," -! !"*)$& !#!"+)," 5&)+$ III1++1+1+1 Atra-a3"e!t
C;n4- -n 2/ <--n647n >46/ 8- 2/ -n549/ -n 2/ 6/48/8- 4n-<4;<- 8- 3n/ 9/<45 7248/ =;<;/ 6;n4348/ g-n-9-<; ;; -n <36<35/?2- ; =;2>9-<; 8-2 4=; =;24/6<42/948/: 6;2g-n;: /2g4n/;: 6/<946;. E2 / 6;9; 2/
6;9=<;?/647n 8- 3- 2/ n/3946/ 8-2 =<;6-; n; /2-n/ H/<9-4-<: 1,'#
III1++1+181 M"cr e! ca-sulac"%!
En
-/
6n46/:
2/
-n549/
-n
<;8-/8/
8-
9-9?
-94=-<9-/?2- 3- =-<94-n -2 =/; 8- 9;2632/ 8- 3
F",ura /9 M;8; 8- 4n9;4245/647n 9-84/n- <--n647n >46/.
1
R!$+#!& -! !6$"$ E2 8-/<<;22; 8- <-/6;<- ; 4-9/ 3- 6;n-ng/n -n549/ /348; 83/: - =<;6-84n464/29-n- / 2/ /8;<647n 8- 2/ -n549/ ;?<- 2/ 9-9?
8
M-84/n- -2 =/; 8- 3n/ ;23647n /9=;n/8/ 8- -n549/ /
9-9?
Mtds de "!3&"l"2ac"%! de e!2"3as -r u!"%! 6uí3"ca a0 U!"%! a s-rtes
S;n 2; 9;8; 8- 4n9;4245/647n -gn H/<9-4-<: 1,'#: 9 34245/8; 82; 3- - 84=;n- 8- 3n/ 9/;< 4n;<9/647n. L/ -2-6647n 8-2 ;=;<- 8-2 4=; 8- -n2/6- <-32/n 8--<94n/n- -n -2 6;9=;</94-n; =;-<4;< 8-2 ?4;6//245/8;<. S- 8-?- =<;63348; =/
;=;<-: 3- =3-8-n -< n/3246-: -6. ; 9/-<4/2- 9/n3/63246-: -6. 8 S-rtes r,á!"cs. S- =3-8-n 62/446/< -n a #lí3ers !aturales: / 3 -5 844848; -n =;24/6<48; 6-232;/: /29487n:
8-n/ 4?<;/ 6;2g-n;: 3-
P;24 ;2-4n/ 6;9; -2 =;24-4<-n; P;2>9-<; /6<>246; =;24/6<42/;: =;24/6<42/948/: =;249-/6<42/;: -6. O<; 4=; /26;;2 =;244n>246;: =;24/948/: -6.. L/ -n549/ - =3-8-n 3n4< / -; ;=;<- 9-84/n- /8;<647n ; =;<
3n47n 6;/2-n- F4g3946/ .
A
)0
ds r c" %!
En 2/ /8;<647n: 2/ -n549/ - 3n- / 3n ;=;<- 4n 3n64;n/245/< 9-84/n4n-
L; =<4n64=/2- /6;<- 3- 4n23-n -n 2/ /8;<647n: ;n E2 =H 8-2 9-84; 6;n<;2/ -2 n9-<; 2/ n/3
2/ 3=-<464- 8- 2/ =<;->n/ 8-2 7248; L/ 3-<5/ 47n46/ /2 /39-n/< 2/ 3-<5/ 47n46/ - =<;836- 2/ 8-;<647n 8- 2/ -n549/: / 3- 2; 4;n- 4n;
=<;->n/ E2 849-<; 8- =;<; 8-?- -< /=<;49/8/9-n- 8; -6- -2 /9/; 8-2 -0-
9/;< 8- 2/ -n549/ L/ =<--n64/ 8- 4;n- 3- /6-n 6;9; 6;/6;<- 8- 2/ -n549/: / 3- =3-8-n
4n6<-9-n/< 2/ 6/
c0 U!"%! c&ale!te
L/ 3n47n 6;/2-n- 8- 3n/ -n549/ / 3n ;=;<- - 345 -2 9;8; 84n9;4245/647n 9 4n-<-/n- 8-8- -2 =3n; 8- 4/ 4n83<4/2. L/ 9-;8;2;g>/ 8- 2/ 3n47n 6;/2-n- - ?// -n 2/ /64/647n 8- g<3=; 3>946; 8-2 ;=;<-
=/n/. D- -n<- 2; % /94n;648; 84-<-n- 3- - -n63-nn/: 2/ 4<;4n/ 2/ 4484n/: -n 9-n;< 9-848/ 2/ 9-4;n4n/: -2 <4=7/n;: 2/ /
L/ 9/n4=32/647n 8- 2; 8-<4/8; 4n9;4245/8; - -n6422/ L/ 6/
2-6; 234845/8; ; /n3- /g4/8;. Un/ 9/;< <-4-n64/ / 2/ 8-/64/647n =;< -2 --6; 8- 2/ -9=-
84;2-n- ;
4n6;n-n4-n- E n-6-/<4; 6;n;6-< 2/ 8-n48/8 8- g<3=; /64; =;< 3n48/8 8- 3=-<464-: / 3- 6;n8464;n/ -2 n9-<; 8- 3n4;n- -n549/;=;<- 3 g-;9-<>/: 3- =3-8-
-< 84;<4;n/n- 6;n8364< / 8-<4/8; 4n/64;. E2 =<;6-; 8- 4n9;4245/647n =3-8- /2-
d0 Ret"culad
T/9?4n 8-n;94n/8; -n<-6<35/94-n; ; 6<;24n4ng: - 3n/ 6n46/ 3- / 48; /9=24/9-n- 34245/8/ -n 2/ -/?4245/647n 8- 936/ -n549/. E2 9;8; 8-2 <-4632/8; 6;n4- -n 3; 8- <-/64; ?43n64;n/2- 3- ;<4g4n/n 3n4;n- 4n-<9;2-632/<- -n<- 2/ 9;2632/ 8- -n549/. C;9; <-/64; ?43n64;n/2- - =3-8-n -9=2-/< 84/28->8;: 84494n;-<-: 844;64/n/;: /2- 8?484/5;n4; -: 4n623;: 84/94n/ 4 -n /64/8/ 6;n 6/n/ 4n /6448/8 -n54946/ <46/ -n <-483; 8- 244n/ =;< -0-9=2;: 2/ /2?94n/ ?;4n/. Un =<;6-8494-n; 94; 8- 4n9;4245/647n 93 6;9n 6;n4-n 4n9;4245/< 2/ -n549/ =;< /8;<647n ;?<- 3n/ <-4n/ 8- 4n-<6/9?4; 47n46; ; 3n ;=;<- =;249<46; 6;n 2; 3- - 6;n4g3- 3n/ -2-/8/ 6/
2
A')+$+)"!& -! '$& !"*)$& )";)')*$-$& L/ /=246/64;n- 9 49=;</n- 8- 2/ -n549/ 4n9;4245/8/ - =3-8-n 62/446/< -n
A=246/64;n- /n/2>46/ ?4;-n;<- A=246/64;n- 9846/ 946/: /<9/6346/: /249-n/<4/ 8
3
A')+$+)"!& !" '$ I"-(&#)$ A')!"#$)$ S;n 936/ 2/ -n549/ 3- - -9=2-/n -n -2 =<;6-/8;: 2/ =<-=/
a E! la *"dr%l"s"s de -rteí!as:
L/ -n549/ =<;-;2>46/ - -9=2-/n -n 2/ 9;8446/647n 8-2 6;n-n48; =<;-46; 8- 2; /249-n;. D- -/ ;<9/ - /n 6;n-g348; 48<;245/8; 8- =<;->n/ 8- <4g; 9-84/n- -2 3; 8- =-=4n/ =<;-// 6;4n9;4245/8/ -n 64;/n. O/n 86;n6-nn46; 8- =-6/8;.
) E! la *"dr%l"s"s de *"drats de car)!
L/ =<--n64/ 8- 2/6;/ -n 2/ 2-6- +:$+:# -n /2g3n; 8-<4/8; 26-; - =-<038464/2 =/
E2 =<;6-; 8- 8-g5: - <-/245/ 9-84/n- 2/ 34245/647n 8- /942//: g236;/942// g236;4;9-
En 2/ ;?-n647n 4n83<4/2 8-2 648; L9246; 4n-<4-n- 2/ 39/
IV.
CONCLUSIONES L/ -6n;2;g>/ -n54946/ 4-n- 924=2- /=246/64;n-: 6;9; /?<46/647n 8/249-n;: 2; =<;g<-; 3- -n <-/245/n8; /63/29-n- 2/ 4ng-n4-<>/ g-n46/ 2/ ?4;-6n;2;g>/ =-<94-n /3g3
-n549/. L/ 3-n- 8- -n549/ =3-8-n -< 8- ;<4g-n -g-/2: /n49/2 ; 946<;?4/n;. L/ -n549/ 34245/8/ 8-=-n8-n 8- 2/ 4n83<4/ 8-2 4=; 8- /6647n 3- 8--- ;?-n-<.
V.
B)6')$5$ A2/4: C. 1,,'. Ciencia de la Leche . B/<6-2;n/ : B;g;/. B3-n; A4<- C/
ALVERTO: C. %1+. RNZIMAS CERVECERAS. industria argentina : $.
ANDERSEN: P. E. %. ENZIMAS EN LA INDUSTRIA CERVECERA . ESPA[A.
B/834. %". Quimica de ls Aliments. M-46; P-/<;n + E8.
C/28-<;n: M. E. %#. Cm!etiti"idad en la Agrindustria. Un4-<48/8 D4<4/2 8- C/28/ .
C--2. %. Intrduccin a la #i$uimica % Tecnlgia de ls Aliments .
C--2. %. Intrduccin a la #i$uinica % Tecnlgia de ls Aliments.
C;nn: S39=. 1,,". #i$u&mica 'undamental. M46; L493/ S.A. +/ E8.
ENA. %$. D-=/</9-n; A894n48
G/6-/: H3??2-. 1,,. Tecnlg&a de las En)imas. E=// A6<4?4/ S.A.
G/<64/: M.: O4n-<;: R.: L;=-5M3ng<4/. %+. #itecnlg&a Alimentar&a. M-46; DF L493/ S.A.
M/8<4/n.C. 1,''. Qu&mica de ls Aliments. C;2;9?4/ F/632/8/ 8Ing-n4-<>/Un4-<48/8 8-2 V/22-.
M/-22;n-: P. %1. M3n8; 8- 2/ L-6-.
M3n/4/: G. G. 1,,'. #itecnlgia Alimentaria . N;<4-g/ L493/ S. A. 8- C. V.
P;4: L. D. 1,,,. Mund *elad. E=// \\\.93n8;-2/8;.6;9.
Q34n-<;.A. 1,'@. Tecnlg&a En)im+tica A!licaci,n en Aliments % Medicina. M46; Un4-<48/8 N/64;n/2 A37n;9/ 8- M46;.
W4-9/n: A. 1,'#. Manual de #itecnlgia de las En)imas. E=//
A6<4?4/ S. A.
T/2;<: R.F. 1,,1 P<;-4n I99;?4245/4;n 3n8/9-n/2 /n8 /==246/4;n:
M/<6-2 D--<: N-\ Y;<. H/<9-4-<: W. 1,'# Imm-ili)ed -icatal%sts 'rm sim!le t cm!le/ s%stems. Trends #itechnl. $ 1+,1#$.
M/<4n-: K. M;5/-: V.V. 1,'@ Imm-ili)atin ' en)%mes /n /==<;/6 ; 3n8/9-n/2 384- 4n ?4;6-94<. A8. En59;2. #@ 1@,
%+,. K-nn-8: J.F. C/?
W.H. -8. W42- P3?.: N-\ Y;<. G;28-4n: L. 1,@" 1inetic -eha"iur ' imm-ili)ed en)%me s%stems. M-;8 En59;2. ++ $,@++$.
