Essencial Sciencie Plus 3

Essential Science Plus 3 PRIMARY Teacher’s Resource Book

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Contents Introduction . ...................................................................... iii

Worksheets Reinforcement ................................................................

6

Extension.......................................................................... 30 Culture & Festivals........................................................... 42 Investigate!....................................................................... 54 Assessment..................................................................... 66

Answer keys Reinforcement ................................................................ 92 Extension.......................................................................... 98 Culture & Festivals........................................................... 102 Investigate!....................................................................... 104 Assessment..................................................................... 106

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Introduction Essential Science Plus 3 Teacher’s Resource Book provides a wide variety of photocopiable worksheets designed to complement Essential Science Plus 3 Student’s Book and Essential Science Plus 3 Teacher’s Book. These worksheets facilitate a flexible approach in the classroom. Students in the same class can be given different worksheets. Stronger students can expand on the material learnt in class. Weaker students can use the worksheets to revise. Alternatively, students can work together with stronger peers to complete the tasks. In addition, these worksheets can be photocopied and used for homework. There are five categories of worksheets: Reinforcement, Extension, Culture & Festivals, Investigate! and Assessment. Answer keys are provided at the back of this book.

Reinforcement and Extension worksheets There are twenty-four Reinforcement worksheets and twelve Extension worksheets. The Reinforcement worksheets are designed to provide additional support for students in need of further practice. They can be used after the relevant section in the Student’s Book, before the Show what you know sections, or as extra preparation for the Unit assessment. Depending on the students, they can complete the worksheets with or without consulting their Student’s Books, in the classroom or at home, individually or in pairs. The Extension worksheets can be used for fast finishers or to expand on the material covered in class. 1

1

Our senses Date

Name EXTENSION

REINFORCEMENT

Name 1 Unscramble the words and label the diagram. siir

taneri uplip

anceor cpoti erevn

Our senses Date

Guide dogs act as eyes for people who are blind. They help blind people move from one place to another. They can help a blind person cross the road, avoid obstacles or go to the shops. Guide dogs stay with their owners at all times. Most guide dogs are Labradors or Golden Retrievers. They receive special training starting when they are puppies. Then, they are assigned to a blind person. Guide dogs wear a harness to do their job.

nesl

Guide dogs work approximately six years before they retire.

2 Find the parts of the ear and complete the sentences. auditorynerveearcanalcochleathreesmallboneseardrum

1 Read and write True or False. a. Sound vibrations go into the outer ear and along the b. The

a. Guide dogs help people who cannot see.

.

b. They sometimes leave their owners alone.

vibrates.

c. The vibration of the eardrum moves the d. The sound then goes to the

.

e. The cochlea sends the sound through the

to the brain.

≈5C ∧5N

∩5D ∨5O

∪5E ♠5R

e. They have a limited working life.

2 Complete the index card about guide dogs.

3 Use the code and find the message.

•5A ♦5 M

c. Their harness is just for decoration. d. All breeds of dogs can be guide dogs.

.

∼ 5 F ∅5S

♣5G ∗5T

◊5H ♥5U

⊃5I ≅5V

⊂5L ∴5W

Guide dogs Job description:

∴ ∪

◊ • ≅∪

◊ ∪ • ♠ ⊃ ∧ ♣ , , 6

∼ ⊃≅ ∪ ∅ ♦ ∪ ⊂ ⊂ , ,

∅ ∪ ∧ ∅ ∪ ∅ : : ∗ • ∅ ∗ ∪

∅ ⊃ ♣ ◊ ∗ , ,

Most common breeds:

• ∧ ∩

Years of service:

Equipment:

∗ ∨ ♥ ≈ ◊ . .

Essential Science Plus 3 Photocopiable Material © 2012 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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Culture & Festivals worksheets There are twelve Culture & Festivals worksheets, one for each unit. Some of these worksheets expand on a variety of cultural topics. Others focus on typical annual festivals in various countries. Students have the opportunity to relate their learning to the real world. 1

Our senses

CULTURE & FESTIVALS

Name

Date

People with sight and hearing disabilities use different languages to communicate with other people. Sign language is a language that many deaf people use to communicate. Braille is a system of printing for blind people.

1 Use the sign alphabet. Learn to say your name with your hands. Take turns with a partner to spell out your name.

2 Use the Braille alphabet. Punch out your name

on a piece of card with the tip of a ballpoint pen. Learn to read it with your fingers. Exchange names with a partner.

42


Investigate! worksheets There are twelve Investigate! worksheets, one for each unit. These worksheets provide opportunities for students to carry out simple investigative tasks, either in the classroom or at home. 1

Our senses

INVESTIGATE !

Name

Date

1 What happens when you can’t see what you are tasting? And when you can’t see or smell what you are tasting?

orange juice

mustard

mayonnaise

yoghurt pineapple juice

ketchup Instructions 1. Work with a partner. 2. Your partner wears a blindfold.

3. Dip a plastic spoon in one of the foods and let your partner taste it. 4. Ask your partner to identify the food. 5. Repeat the experiment in a different order. This time your partner holds their nose. 6. Complete the table with the results. Take turns and compare the results. food

blindfolded

blindfolded and holding your nose

pineapple juice

yes

no

I can / cannot identify foods when I cannot see them. I can / cannot identify foods when I cannot see them and cannot smell them.

54


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Assessment worksheets There are twelve double-page Assessment worksheets, one for each unit. These worksheets can be given to students once the unit has been completed, as a revision test, or to check progress at any point during the year. 1

Our senses Date

4 How do we hear? Match and number the sentences in order.

1 Complete the table.

action

sense

ASSESSMENT

ASSESSMENT

Name

The eardrum

takes the information to the brain.

The outer ear

make the sound louder.

The cochlea

vibrates when the sound reaches it.

The auditory nerve

receives the sound.

The ear canal

transmits the sound vibrations to the auditory nerve.

The three small bones

carries the sound to the middle ear.

5 Circle the correct words in each sentence. organ

• Smells enter our nose through the nostrils / nasal cavity. • The eyelid / cornea protects the eye. • Our taste buds help us to distinguish different flavours / smells.

2 Use the colour code and circle the words. hearing → red

sight → green

pain

eyelashes

inner ear

retina

cochlea

olfactory nerve

• Different areas of the tongue / mouth detect different tastes.

smell → blue

taste → purple

cornea

taste buds

texture

flavour

touch → orange

temperature

eardrum

• Through our skin we feel pain / colour.

6 Complete the crossword about how these things feel.

nostrils

nasal cavity

1

1

3 Complete the parts of the eye and match them to the definitions. a.

r

c.

t o

d. o e. f.

2

We use it to focus.

b.

a

e l n

66

v

4

4

It is the coloured part of the eye.

t u

3

It takes the image we see to the brain.

n

3

2

It captures the light.

5

It is transparent and light passes through it. 5

Light enters the eye through it.

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Digital resources i-solutions

CD 3

The i-solutions pack contains 4 CDs:

i-book

Digital Flashcards, Digital Posters and Web bank

Essential Science Plus i-solutions is a box set containing four CDs which offer digital components for the CLIL Science classroom.

Essential Science Plus i-solutions has the following components: CD 1

• Digital Flashcards • Digital Posters • Web bank

CD 2

• Interactive Whiteboard Activities

CD 3

• i-book

CD 4

• Teacher’s Resources and Maps

ALSO AVAILABLE PRIMARY

3

Language Companion 3 The Language Companion is designed to help CLIL teachers in bilingual programmes with vocabulary and structures that the children may not have been exposed to or have not had sufficient practice with. This innovative multimedia tool can be used on an interactive whiteboard or on a computer with print options available for all worksheets. The Language Companion has two sections: Science and Art. The Science section covers material from the seven Science syllabus topics, while the Art section deals with ten typical topics for each level. Each section then offers three main areas to practise: Words, Language and Communication.

Minimum requirements: Intel Pentium III (or equivalent); PowerPC G3 800 MHz (recommended: >1000 MHz) 256 MB of RAM (recommended: >512 MB) Screen resolution: 1024x768 pixels 8x CD-ROM Drive Loudspeakers

Operating systems: • • •

Windows 98, NT, 2000, XP, Vista and Windows 7 Mac OSX v.10.1.x, 10.2.x, 10.3.x or 10.4.x Linux (plugin Flash 8.0 or higher)

Instructions:

Essential Science Plus 3 PRIMARY

3

PRIMARY

Language Companion 3

Language Companion

Windows Insert the CD-ROM. The program will launch automatically. If the program fails to start automatically, open the file exeWin.exe to run. Linux Insert the CD-ROM and open the file exeLinux.htm to run. For full screen press F11. Mac Insert the CD-ROM and open the file exeMac.app to run. PuBLISHING

www.richmondelt.com

312376_Est_Lang_Comp_3.indd 1

i-solutions

PR I M A R Y

Minimum requirements and instructions: See readme.txt file in each CD.

LANGUAGE COMPANION

The digital flashcard bank offers over 100 images to project onto an interactive whiteboard or to print out. There are four digital posters which can be printed out. The web bank includes some of the best, free web links for teaching Science, Geography and History.

The i-book contains the core course material in digital format: Student’s Book, Activity Book and Teacher’s Book. It can be used on an interactive whiteboard in the classroom or for class planning.

Essential Science Plus 3 PRIMARY

E s s e n ti a l S c i e n c e P l u s i -s ol u t i on s

CD 1

Primary CLIL cian magenta amarillo negro

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Interactive resources for Science and Art

www.richmondelt.com

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www.santillana.es

1

10/01/12

CD 2

CD 4

IWB Activities

Teacher’s resources and maps

The Interactive Whiteboard Activities CD contains three interactive activities per unit to help reinforce the Student’s Book content in a fun way.

This CD contains the PDFs of this Teacher’s Resource Book. In addition, there are printable blank and filled-in maps of Spain.

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1

Our senses

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Unscramble the letters and label the diagram. siir

taneri uplip

anceor cpoti erevn

nesl

2 Circle the parts of the ear and complete the sentences. auditorynerveearcanalcochleathreesmallboneseardrum

a. Sound vibrations go into the outer ear and along the b. The

.

vibrates.

c. The vibration of the eardrum moves the d. The sound then goes to the

.

.

e. The cochlea sends the sound through the

to the brain.

3 Use the code and find the message.

≈5C ∧5N

•5A ♦5 M ∴ ∪

◊ • ≅ ∪

◊ ∪ • ♠ ⊃ ∧ ♣ , , 6

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∩5D ∨5O

∪5E ♠5R

∼ ⊃ ≅ ∪ ∅ ♦ ∪ ⊂ ⊂ , ,

∼ 5 F ∅5S

♣5G ∗5T

∅ ∪ ∧ ∅ ∪ ∅ : : ∗ • ∅ ∗ ∪

◊5H ♥5U

⊃5I ≅5V

⊂5L ∴5W

∅ ⊃ ♣ ◊ ∗ , , • ∧ ∩

∗ ∨ ♥ ≈ ◊ . .


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4 Tick (✓) the true sentences and cross ( ✗ ) the false sentences. REINFORCEMENT

a. We can distinguish lots of different smells. b. Dogs have a weak sense of smell. c. Smells travel through the air. d. Smells enter our nose through the olfactory nerve. e. The olfactory nerve sends information about smells to the brain.

5 Circle the words related to taste. Then, write them under the correct picture.

r

x

p

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b

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6 How do these things feel? Read and match. hot

cold

wet

dry

hard

A

B

C

D

E

F


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soft

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2

Our body

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Label the skeleton with these words. spine radius femur vertebrae humerus fibula ulna skull tibia jawbone pelvis ribs sternum

2 Circle six muscles. Then, write them under the correct body part.

arm

8

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c

a

l

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s

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p

l

a

trunk

leg


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3 Which joints is she using? Match. 1 REINFORCEMENT

wrist knee elbow ankle shoulder

4 Read the sentences and write yes or no. bones

joints

muscles

They support the body. They are elastic. They connect bones. They can be flexible. They move the bones they are attached to. They are hard and rigid.

5 Who is looking after their health? Write H (healthy) or N (not healthy).


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3

Living things

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Look at the photograph and complete the table. living things

non-living things

2 Write the names of the life processes. a. Living things need food to be able to move and grow. b. Living things make new living things. c. Living things interact with each other and the environment.

3 Read the sentences and write yes or no. animals

plants

They make their own food. They communicate with each other. Some are born from eggs. They are living things. Some eat other animals and plants. They move. They produce seeds. 10

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4 Where do these animals live? Write. REINFORCEMENT

savannah rainforest desert pond Arctic

5 Match the words to the definitions. These animals eat plants.

These animals eat meat.

These animals are born from eggs.

These animals eat animals and plants.

These animals are born from their mother’s womb.

viviparous omnivores carnivores oviparous herbivores

6 Complete the table. animal

nutrition

reproduction

movement walk, run, climb

omnivore

oviparous


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4

Animals

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Circle ten vertebrates. Then, classify them. t t o r t o i s e r mammals

r s o a u l y a i m m a x n l d a e c r

h d l a o a n o e o

a p d s n c b l o c

r b u c k p s p m o

birds

k w c h e z p h k d

u b k g y w u i n i

s a r d i n e n a l

fish

g e a g l e w j l e reptiles

amphibians

2 Write an example for each animal. a. A bird that cannot fly.

b. A bird that eats meat.

c. A mammal that can fly.

d. A reptile that slithers.

3 Complete the table. mammals

birds

body covering reproduction breathing 12

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fish

reptiles

amphibians

scales oviparous gills / lungs Essential Science Plus 3 Photocopiable Material © 2012 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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4 Circle the correct words. REINFORCEMENT

a. Worms, insects and spiders are vertebrates / invertebrates. b. Mussels have shells / exoskeletons. c. Crabs have thick / thin exoskeletons. d. Jellyfish and earthworms have / do not have a protective covering.

5 Complete the crossword about insects. 1

2 3

4

5

6 Down

Across

1. These parts help insects feel and smell.

4. This part contains wings and legs.

2. An early stage in an insect’s life.

5. This part contains the main organs.

3. Invertebrates with six legs.

6. Insects fly with these.

6 Solve the animal riddles. It lives in water and looks like a big fish, but it is a mammal. It has bare skin and a long nose.

It has beautiful wings and it can fly. Its babies are born from eggs. It has six legs and two antennae.


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5

Plants

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Use the words to complete the text. move air adapt food seeds sunlight living things water minerals Plants are

. They cannot

from place to place, but they

to their environment.

They make their own

. They use ,

,

and

from the soil. Plants reproduce from

.

2 Complete the sentences with tree, bush or grass. Then, match. a. A

has a short, woody stem.

b. A

has a soft, flexible stem.

c. A

has a thick, woody stem called a trunk.

3 Read and complete the words. Then, label the plant. They grow from the stems and branches. They hold the plant in the ground. They can be woody or soft.

14

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a o e


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4 Unscramble the letters and label the diagram. Then, circle the parts REINFORCEMENT

of the flower that attract insects. ltepa etmsan pceral aslpe

5 Match the sentences to the life cycle.

a. Next, leaves grow on the stem. b. Flowers with seeds inside grow on the pear tree. c. When the pears are ripe, they fall to the ground and release seeds. d. The baby plant grows into an adult pear tree. e. The seed germinates. A root and a stem grow. Essential Science Plus 3 Photocopiable Material © 2012 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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6

Water

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Look at the photos of different states of water. Write S (solid), L (liquid) or G (gas).

2 Complete the sentences. dissolve gas liquid smell taste colour water solid a. All living things need b. Water has no

to live. ,

or ,

c. Water exists in three states: d. Salt and sugar

. and

.

in water.

3 Use the clues to complete the changes of state. a. Liquid water changes into ice.

l

b. Liquid water changes into water vapour.

v

o

c. Ice changes into liquid water.

t

d. Water vapour changes into liquid water. 16

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f

n

a

i

t n

e

a

o


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4 Label the diagram with the words from Activity 3. REINFORCEMENT

water vapour

water

ice

5 Match and number the sentences in order. Then, write the numbers on the diagram.

When water vapour rises in the air, Water collects The Sun heats the water and Water from the clouds Some water filters

in lakes, rivers and seas. falls back to Earth as rain or snow. through the soil and becomes groundwater. it evaporates and goes into the air. it condenses and form clouds.


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7

Landscapes

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Look at the pictures and write mountain landscape, flat landscape or coastal landscape.

2 Unscramble the letters and label the parts of the mountain. opels

tofo

mtuism

3 Complete the sentences with plain or plateau. a. A

often has a wide river flowing through it.

b. A

is a large area of high, flat land.

c. A

is a large area of low, flat land.

d. The biggest 18

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in Spain is in the centre of the country. Essential Science Plus 3 Photocopiable Material © 2012 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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4 Circle the elements of coastal landscapes. Then, write them next to their definitions.

islandarchi

pel

agob

REINFORCEMENT

peninsu

lac

bay f f i l

each

a. A high area of rock next to the sea: b. A piece of land surrounded by water on all sides: c. A group of islands: d. A part of the sea that cuts into the land: e. An area of flat land with sand or pebbles next to the sea: f. A piece of land surrounded by water on all sides except one:

5 Copy each sentence under the correct photo. Don’t disturb wild animals.

Don’t pick wild plants.

Don’t drop litter on the beach.

6 Read and write natural change or man-made change. a. Rain and wind wear down rocks. b. A volcano erupts. c. A dam is built on a lake. d. A deciduous tree loses its leaves. e. A field is planted with crops. Essential Science Plus 3 Photocopiable Material © 2012 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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8

Water and landscapes

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Complete the text about rivers. fresh water animals electricity transport fertile farming

Rivers are bodies of moving

. They provide a home and food

for many

. We use them to generate

use them to

. We also

things and people by boat and ship. The land next

to rivers is

land which is good for

.

2 Use the clues to complete the words related to rivers. A smaller river that flows into a larger river.

r

a t

The place where a river meets the sea. The place where a river begins.

u

A bend in a river.

a

.

. . r.

3 Complete the sentences with lake or reservoir. a. A

always contains fresh water.

b. A

always has a dam.

c. A

is a man-made area of still water.

d. A very small

forms naturally.

e. A 20

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is called a pond.


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4 Circle the names of the oceans and seas. Then label the map. REINFORCEMENT

nseaindianocea a e nso bb uthchinasea arcticoceancari e m d n iterra a e c o nea tic ant n nsea a l arctic eanat pacificocean oc

5 Circle the four cardinal points on the compass. Then, find them in the wordsearch and write them.

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6 What kind of map do you need? Write. a. To locate a museum in a city: b. To locate a country in a continent: c. To locate mountain ranges in a country: d. To travel by car from one place to another: Essential Science Plus 3 Photocopiable Material © 2012 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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9

Air

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Read and circle the correct word. a. Air is a mixture of different gases / liquids. b. Carbon dioxide / Oxygen is the second most abundant gas in air. c. All animals and people need oxygen / nitrogen to survive. d. Plants need carbon dioxide / oxygen to make their food.

2 Copy the sentences under the correct picture. Then, write P (property) or U (use). Birds need air to fly. We inflate bicycle tyres with air. Air has weight.

3 Complete the text about the atmosphere. The atmosphere is the layer of that surrounds the The

. layer of the atmosphere has

oxygen, which living things need to The upper

. of the

contains very little oxygen. Outside the atmosphere is air and there are no 22

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. Here, there is no . Essential Science Plus 3 Photocopiable Material © 2012 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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4 Circle six words about the weather. Then, write them next to the correct symbol. o

g

g

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REINFORCEMENT

f

5 Complete the table about weather instruments. instrument

measures / indicates humidity

weather vane temperature rain gauge wind speed

6 Complete the sentences with the correct words. clashes uproot column speeds destroy funnel-shaped a. A tornado forms a swirling b. It looks like a dark

of wind. cloud. of up to 480 km/h.

c. Winds in a tornado can reach d. Tornadoes can

buildings and

e. They form when warm, humid air Essential Science Plus 3 Photocopiable Material © 2012 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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23

trees. with cold air. 23

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10

Where we live

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Complete the sentences with increases or decreases. a. When more people die than are born, the population

.

b. When there are more immigrants than emigrants, the population

.

c. When more people are born than die, the population

.

d. When there are more emigrants than immigrants, the population

.

2 Read the sentences and write rural area or urban area. They have a lot of traffic. People work in many different jobs. Most people live in houses. Many people work in farming. They have narrow roads. There are a lot of shops.

3 Are these advantages or disadvantages of living in a city? Match. more educational services fewer open spaces more free time activities

advantages disadvantages

sports centres and cinemas schools and museums few natural landscapes

• Now, write one more advantage and disadvantage.

24

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4 Complete the text about street maps. REINFORCEMENT

rows grid key aerial view columns symbols Street maps show an of streets, parks, gardens and buildings in a city. They have a

with and

They have

. for important

buildings and places. The of the map indicates the meaning of the symbols.

5 Use the colour key and circle the words. road transport → red

water transport → blue

rail transport → green

air transport → orange

underground trains lorries fastest tracks cargo ships rivers minor roads airports very expensive

motorways cheap

6 Match the sentences to find five road safety rules. a. Do not cross the road

at a pedestrian crossing.

b. Always wear a helmet

on the pavement.

c. Always look both ways

before crossing the road.

d. Always cross the road

behind buses.

e. Always walk

when cycling.


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11

Work

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Use the colour key and circle the words. primary sector → green

secondary sector → red

tertiary sector → blue

mining manufacturing tourism education crop farming transport fishing health care animal farming forestry construction retail

2 Match the jobs in the primary sector to the sentences. open-pit mining

The boats have freezers on board for storing fish.

coastal fishing

This job takes place near the coast.

deep-sea fishing

Fish are only caught when they are fully grown.

fish farming

Rocks and minerals are extracted from near the Earth’s surface.

underground mining

Rocks and minerals are extracted from deep underground.

3 Circle eight products from farming and forestry. Write them. Then, underline the irrigated crops in blue, and the dry crops in green. p

d

g

b

e

w

x

t

o

m

a

t

o

q

h

l

c

k

c

o

w

p

i

g

r

e

d

r

o

v

s

r

r

t

i

c

e

a

m

e

t

c

p

v

g

r

a

p

e

k

i

r

b

l

c

h

26

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4 Write the type of industry under the correct picture. REINFORCEMENT

food industry textile industry chemical industry construction industry

5 Unscramble the jobs. Then, classify them according to the service sectors. rotu eidgu

sitnetd

cerhate

education

health care

transport

grseni

intra rerdvi

hops stisnsata

retail

tourism

entertainment

6 Complete the sentences about how jeans are made. Then, number them in order. a. Lorries take the cotton to a

.

b.

sell the jeans to customers.

c. Farmers collect raw

from plants.

d. Machines weave the cotton into

.

e. In another factory, people use machines to cut and sew the denim cloth to make

.


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12

Time passes

REINFORCEMENT

Name

Date

1 Match. day

millennium

year

minute

1,000 years

24 hours

60 seconds

366 days

365 days

100 years

60 minutes

10 years

leap year

decade

hour

century

2 Write personal history or family history under each picture.

3 Complete the text about traditions and festivals. international

celebrations

customs

older

national

beliefs

events

regional

Traditions are the

and

of a community.

Children learn about traditions from or to commemorate important

people. Traditions can be . Festivals are . Many countries celebrate

festivals such as New Year’s Day. 28

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4 Circle six historical records. Then, circle the historical monuments in blue. a

i

n

t

i

n

g

r

c

a

d

r

j

c

c

p

a

l

a

c

e

x

h

q

s

o

x

o

z

b

u

r

t

p

h

o

t

o

r

g

l

o

k

t

s

o

c

u

e

k

w

r

a

k

h

REINFORCEMENT

p

5 Use the colour key and circle the words. thousands of years ago → orange

hundreds of years ago → green

nowadays → blue caves near rivers flats huts castles running water electricity noblemen

6 Match the sentences about the history of the telephone and put them in order. The telephone was invented

modern mobile phones.

Smartphones are

in 1876.

In 1973, the first mobile phone was invented. Over the years,

telephones became smaller and cheaper.

7 Read and write True or False. a. The telephone was invented by a Spanish person. b. Smartphones can be connected to the Internet. c. You cannot watch TV on a smartphone. Essential Science Plus 3 Photocopiable Material © 2012 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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1

2

Our senses

EXTENSION

Name

Date

Guide dogs act as eyes for people who are blind. They help blind people move from one place to another. They can help a blind person cross the road, avoid obstacles or go to the shops. Guide dogs stay with their owners at all times. Most guide dogs are Labradors or Golden Retrievers. They receive special training starting when they are puppies. Then, they are assigned to a blind person. Guide dogs wear a harness to do their job. Guide dogs work approximately six years before they retire.

1 Read and write True or False. a. Guide dogs help people who cannot see. b. They sometimes leave their owners alone. c. Their harness is just for decoration. d. All breeds of dogs can be guide dogs. e. They have a limited working life.

2 Complete the index card about guide dogs. Guide dogs Job description:

Most common breeds: Equipment: Years of service:

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2

Our body Name

Date EXTENSION

Broken bones Bones are hard, strong and rigid, but they can sometimes break or fracture. However, broken bones can repair themselves. There are many different types of fractures. The most common type is a simple fracture, which happens when a bone breaks cleanly. In order to help bones heal correctly, it is important that they are realigned. Broken bones can be put back into position by a doctor. The bones are then immobilised with a plaster cast, so they can start to heal. Simple fractures usually take about 6 to 8 weeks to heal, although large bones take longer.

1 Tick (✓) the true sentences and cross ( ✗ ) the false sentences. a. Bones break because they are rigid. b. Bones can repair themselves. c. The most common fracture is when a bone breaks into fragments. d. Broken bones need to be realigned before being immobilised. e. All fractures take about 6-8 weeks to heal. f. A fracture of the femur takes the same time to heal as a fracture of the radius.

2 Have you ever broken a bone or know someone who has? Complete the medical card. Medical card Who broke a bone? Which bone was it? How did they break it? How many weeks did it take to heal?


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3

4

Living things Date

EXTENSION

Name Fast and slow animals

Animals move at different speeds. Walking at a normal pace, people usually walk five or six kilometres per hour. Some very slow animals take a whole year to travel the same distance as a fast animal can travel in one hour! Here are some examples:

speed

Animals on land

in the air

in water

the slowest

Sloths move at 12 metres per hour.

Small flies move at 35 kilometres per hour.

Perches swim at 2.1 kilometres per hour.

the fastest

Cheetahs can run at 100 kilometres per hour.

Falcons can fly at 300 kilometres per hour.

Sailfish can swim at 110 kilometres per hour.

1 Read the text and the table. Then, answer the questions. a. Which animal is the slowest on land? b. Which animal is the fastest on land? c. Does the slowest animal move on land, in the air or in water? d. Does the fastest animal move on land, in the air or in water? f. Name some other fast animals.

2 Find your favourite animal on the Internet. Draw it. Then, find out how fast it moves and complete the sentences.

My favourite animal is the

.

It moves at

.

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4

Animals Name

Date EXTENSION

Animal talk Animals do not talk like people, but they still communicate with each other. For example, birds sing and chirp, dogs bark, cats meow and lions roar. The blue whale is not only the largest animal on Earth, but also the loudest. Blue whales emit very loud and repetitive sounds that travel many kilometres underwater. The call of a blue whale can reach up to 188 decibels. This is much louder than a jet engine, which is about 140 decibels. Human shouting is 70 decibels. Sounds over 120 decibels are painful to our ears.

1 Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences. a. Blue whales are the largest and loudest animals on Earth. b. Their sounds can be heard from very far away. c. A decibel is a unit for measuring distance. d. The sound of a jet engine is louder than the call of a blue whale. e. Blue whale sounds can be painful to our ears.

2 Use the code to find out how animals communicate.

•5A

tr♥mp∪t

∪5E

ch•tt∪r

⊃5I

∨5O

q♥•ck

ch⊃rp


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33

♥5U

h⊃ss

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5

6

Plants

EXTENSION

Name

Date

The Venus flytrap The Venus flytrap is a small, carnivorous plant. Its sweet-scented leaves attract insects. These leaves open and close like jaws to capture insects. When the plant is touched, sensitive hairs on the inside of the leaves send signals to the plant. So, when an insect touches one of these hairs, the leaves snap shut. The plant then slowly digests the trapped insect. After about a week, all that is left of the insect is its hard exoskeleton. The Venus flytrap can live in soils with a low mineral content because it obtains minerals from the insects it captures.

1 Read and write True or False. Correct the false sentences. a. The Venus flytrap is a meat-eating plant. b. The plant’s beautiful flowers attract insects. c. Sensitive hairs digest the trapped insect. d. A Venus flytrap takes about a week to digest an insect.

2 Look on the Internet for carnivorous plants. Choose one and complete the index card. Name: Where does it grow? How does it get nutrients? What animals does it trap?

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6

Water Name

Date EXTENSION

Water, precious water About three quarters of our planet’s surface is covered with water. However, most of this water is salt water. Just a very small amount of water is fresh water. Most of this fresh water is trapped in ice caps and glaciers. It is also found in rivers, lakes and as groundwater. This means, there is very little water available for people to use. The world’s population has increased dramatically, and water consumption today is seven times higher than a hundred years ago. We need to save water and keep it free from pollution and contamination.

1 Draw all the water on Earth! Colour the key. salt water

fresh water

• Draw 97 drops of water. Colour them dark blue.

• Draw 3 drops of water. Colour 2 ½ drops light blue. • Colour the remaining half of the drop red.

5 water in oceans and seas

5 water in lakes and rivers

5 water trapped in ice caps and glaciers


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7

8

Landscapes

EXTENSION

Name

Date

Sculpted landscapes Wind and water have shaped landscapes all over the Earth. No rock is hard enough to resist the forces of erosion. Wind is a powerful force that carries dust and sand from one place to another. It can carry huge amounts of dust over very long distances. It can also blow sand against rocks with tremendous force. This causes soft rocks to slowly wear down and sculpt amazing formations like arches, buttes and dunes. Moving water in rushing streams and rivers is the major agent of water erosion. Ocean water changes the shape of coastlines. Waves constantly crash against cliffs forming arches, caves and columns. Rain slowly washes away soil and rock fragments creating ever-changing landscapes.

1 Match the rock formations to their definitions. a. cave

a vertical rock formation

b. arch

a hill that rises sharply and has a flat top

c. butte

an underground hollow with an opening to the outside

d. dune

a curved rock formation

e. column

a hill of sand

2 Tick (✓) the true sentences and cross (✗ ) the false sentences. a. All rocks on Earth wear down over time. b. Wind is the major agent of erosion. c. Buttes are rock formations of coastal landscapes. d. Ocean waves erode cliffs and change their shape. e. Arches can form inland and along the coast.

3 Look for beautiful landscapes on the Internet or in magazines. Cut out, or print the pictures and use them to make a poster. Label each type of formation. 36

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8

Water and landscapes Name

Date EXTENSION

The Grand Canyon The Grand Canyon, Arizona, is situated on the Colorado Plateau, a high plateau with a very dry climate. Today, the Grand Canyon is a famous national park with an impressive skywalk, 1,300 metres above the canyon floor. Over a period of about ten million years, the Colorado River cut deeper and deeper through many layers of rock to form the Grand Canyon. Wind erosion was also important in creating this landscape. The canyon is about 446 kilometres long, more than 1,800 metres deep at the deepest part, and up to 29 kilometres wide in some areas. The Grand Canyon is home to many different kinds of fauna, including 70 species of mammals, 25 species of fish, 250 species of birds and 25 species of reptiles.

1 Read and write True or False. a. The Grand Canyon is located on a plain. b. It is located in the state of Colorado. c. It was formed by a body of moving fresh water. d. It is in a dry area with not much wildlife.

2 Complete the index card about the Grand Canyon. The Grand Canyon Location: River: Length:

Depth:

Width:

Fauna:


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9

1

Air

EXTENSION

Name

Date

Weather satellites Nowadays, weather satellites collect complete weather information about every place on Earth. They provide satellite images and other useful data about the atmosphere. There are two types of weather satellites: polar orbiting and geostationary. Polar orbiting satellites go around the planet from the North Pole to the South Pole, and are able to view every part of the Earth twice a day! They travel close to the Earth’s surface, as low as 800 km, and provide extremely detailed satellite pictures of weather patterns around the planet. Geostationary satellites track the weather over one specific region by staying over the same place. They orbit the planet at 36,000 km above the Equator. Weather satellites collect more than just information about the weather. They can also tell us about forest fires, volcanoes, dust storms and other environmental phenomena.

1 Read and write T (true) or F (false). a. Weather satellites collect information about every place on Earth. b. Polar orbiting satellites go around the planet at the Equator. c. All satellites orbit the Earth at the same distance. d. Polar orbiting satellites travel faster than geostationary satellites. e. Weather satellites are only used to predict weather. f. Weather satellites can tell us about volcanoes and dust storms.

2 Do some research on the Internet and make a five day weather forecast for your area. Include high and low temperatures, and predictions of precipitation. weather forecast day 1

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day 2

day 3

day 4

day 5


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10

Where we live Name

Date EXTENSION

Villages, towns and cities over time Many villages, towns and cities in Spain are thousands of years old and they have changed completely since their origins. Over a period of hundreds of years, some small villages grew into towns and some of the towns became big cities with large populations, tall buildings, wide streets and many industries and services. Three quarters of the population of Spain now lives in towns and cities. However, only two cities, Madrid and Barcelona, have a population of more than one million inhabitants, and only four other cities, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza and Malaga, have a population of over 500,000 inhabitants. However, not all villages have grown. Some are almost abandoned these days, with few inhabitants left, due to rural migration. The villagers have moved away to the cities in search of jobs, education and better opportunities.

1 Answer the questions about the place where you live. a. Do you live in a village, a town or a city? b. How old is your village / town / city? c. What is the population today? d. Is the population increasing or decreasing? • If it is increasing, where are the new people coming from? • If it is decreasing, where are people moving to?

2 What is your favourite village, town or city? Write two reasons why you like it.


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11

1

Work

EXTENSION

Name

Date

Where does paper come from? Paper was invented in China over 2,000 years ago. Originally, paper was made of pulp produced by boiling cloth and old fishing nets! Nowadays, paper is made of pulp from wood. Large plantations of trees are grown. The trees are cut down, then chopped into small wood chips. These chips are soaked in water and chemicals to form wood pulp. The pulp is bleached to remove tree bark and sap. Next, the pulp is drained and squeezed to remove all the excess water, then placed in huge drying machines. The pulp is then attached to spools and placed in cutting machines. Lots of different paper products are made these days from recycled paper. Using recycled paper to make new paper has a less negative impact on the environment, and is better for the planet. Recycled paper is used for everything from paper plates to toilet paper!

1 Read and write True or False. a. Paper was invented 2,000 years ago in India. b. Originally, the pulp used to make paper came from boiled cloth. c. These days the pulp is made of wood chips soaked in water and chemicals. d. The pulp is cleaned with bleach to remove sap and bark. e. Recycled paper is only used to make toilet paper.

2 Find out on the Internet how paper is recycled. Write three or four sentences describing the process.

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12

Time passes Name

Date EXTENSION

World Heritage Sites The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) is an agency of the United Nations. Its purpose is to help promote peace and security in the world through the promotion of education, science and culture. UNESCO identifies cultural and natural sites of ‘outstanding universal value’, and includes them in the World Heritage List. These sites are places of special significance that need to be preserved for future generations. The list contains 936 sites that range from historic monuments and natural beauty spots, to fossil beds! Europe is the continent with the most World Heritage Cultural Sites, including cathedrals, castles, Roman and Greek ruins and historic city centres. Spain is home to 43 World Heritage Cultural Sites, which include the Alhambra, the Cave of Altamira, the historic city of Toledo, the Monastery of El Escorial and the Old Town of Caceres, among others.

1 Research on the Internet World Heritage Cultural Sites in Spain. Choose one and complete the index card. Include a photograph.

World Heritage Cultural Site Name: Location: Autonomous Community: Type of site: Year of inscription: Write two reasons why you like this site:


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culture & festivals

1

2

Our senses Name

Date

People with sight and hearing disabilities use different languages to communicate with other people. Sign language is a language that many deaf people use to communicate. Braille is a system of printing for blind people.

1 Use the sign alphabet. Learn to say your name with your hands. Take turns with a partner to spell out your name.

2 Use the Braille alphabet. Punch out your name

on a piece of card with the tip of a ballpoint pen. Learn to read it with your fingers. Exchange names with a partner.

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2

Our body Date

culture & festivals

Name Cricket Cricket is a national English sport. It is played between two teams of 11 players each, on a large grass field. Each team has a 12th team member who acts as a substitute if a player gets injured during the game. One team bats and tries to score runs. The other team bowls and fields the ball and tries to get the batting team out. In this way, the game resembles baseball.

Children’s cricket matches consist of two innings. Each innings lasts approximately one hour and 15 minutes. Each team gets one opportunity to bowl and bat.

1 Circle the correct words. a. Cricket is an outdoor / indoor sport. b. Cricket is similar to basketball / baseball. c. Cricket is played between two teams of 11 players each / 11 players in total. d. Children’s cricket matches last about one hour and 15 minutes / two hours and a half.

2 Do research on the Internet and complete the index card about cricket. Cricket Player’s equipment: A famous cricket team: A famous cricket championship: Five countries where cricket is played:


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culture & festivals

3

4

Living things Name

Date

Groundhog Day Groundhog Day is a holiday celebrated each year on the 2nd February in the United States of America and Canada. In the States, thousands of people go to Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, to see this event. On this date, a special groundhog, called Phil, comes out of his burrow after hibernating all winter. Groundhog Phil makes predictions about the weather for the rest of the winter. According to tradition, if it is sunny on the 2nd February and the groundhog sees its shadow, it returns to its burrow. This means that winter weather will continue for six more weeks. If it is cloudy and the groundhog doesn’t see its shadow, it means that spring weather will arrive soon. On the 2nd February 2012, Groundhog Phil saw his shadow and predicted six more weeks of winter.

1 Match these words from Groundhog Day to their definitions. a. groundhog

forecast

b. burrow

be in a dormant condition in the winter months

c. hibernate

a dark shape produced when light is blocked

d. predict

a small, brown furry animal with short legs

e. shadow

a hole or tunnel in the ground where a small animal lives

2. Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences. a. Groundhog Day is a holiday in early January. b. Groundhogs hibernate in winter. c. On Groundhog Day, a groundhog predicts the weather for the rest of winter. d. If the groundhog sees its shadow, it means the end of winter.

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4

Animals Date

culture & festivals

Name The Chinese calendar The Chinese calendar is based on the phases of the Moon. The Chinese New Year is not always on the same date: it begins between the end of January and the middle of February. The Chinese calendar follows a 12-year pattern. Each year is named after an animal. According to legend, Buddha invited all of the animals to join him for a New Year’s celebration, but only 12 animals appeared. To reward these animals, Buddha named a year after each animal to arrive. The first year was the year of the Rat. The second year was the Year of the Ox. This was followed by the Year of the Tiger, and the years of the Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Rooster, Dog and finally, the Pig. According to Chinese tradition, people have the characteristics of the animal of the year they were born.

1 Look on the Internet to find the animal of this year’s Chinese calendar. Find and write a list of this animal’s characteristics.

2 Look at the calendar. Which year were you born? Which animal represents that year? Find out and write the characteristics you share with this animal.


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culture & festivals

5

6

Plants Name

Date

Floral emblems Many countries have a flower or a plant as a national symbol. In some countries, there are also floral emblems for each region. Floral emblems are usually plants that grow in abundance in the country. The four countries that make up Great Britain each have their own floral emblem. The national flower of England is the rose.

The national flower of Scotland is the thistle.

The national flower of Northern Ireland is the shamrock.

The national flower of Wales is the daffodil.

1 Find out the floral emblems of these countries and complete the table. country

floral emblem

illustration

Spain

France

Holland

Switzerland

2 What flower would you like as the floral emblem of your region?

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6

Water Date

culture & festivals

Name Tsunamis Tsunamis are usually caused by underwater earthquakes which move a huge volume of water. As a result, a very long, but not very tall wave is produced. The wave spreads across the sea in all directions, and travels long distances at the speed of an aeroplane.

Most tsunamis happen in the Pacific Ocean, and they can cross the entire ocean in less than a day! When a tsunami approaches the coast and reaches shallow water, the wave slows down. The top of the wave moves faster than the bottom. The wave rises up to several hundred metres and destroys everything in its path. An approaching tsunami sounds like a train! In 2011, a massive tsunami hit the northeast coast of Japan. It originated from a big earthquake 400 kilometres away. Some of the tsunami waves grew to 40 metres high. Over 15,000 people were killed and the damage was devastating.

1 Tick (✓) the true sentences and cross ( ✗) the false sentences. a. Tsunamis originate in the water. b. The first wave is very long and very tall. c. Tsunamis are caused by the tides. d. They are most common in the Pacific Ocean. e. Tsunami waves reach up to several hundred metres at the coast. f. Tsunami waves make a lot of noise.

2 Use the code and find the message about tsunami safety.

∼ 5 F •5A ≈5C ∪5E ∧ 5 N ∨ 5 O ♠ 5 R ∅ 5 S

♣5G ∗5T

∧ ∪ ≅ ∪ ♠

∗♠∆

∗ ∨

∴ • ∗ ≈ ◊

◊5H ♥5U

• ∗∅♥∧•♦⊃ ≈∨♦∪ ⊃∧


411706 _ 0042-0089.indd 47

⊃5I ⊂5L ♦5M ≅ 5 V ∴ 5 W ∆ 5 Y

. 47 08/06/12 12:46

culture & festivals

7

8

Landscapes Name

Date

Impressive natural elements are found all over the world. Here are some of the most spectacular ones. natural element

name

dimensions

location

the largest mountain range

the Andes

7,000 km long

South America

the highest mountain

Mount Everest

8,850 m high

Asia

the largest archipelago

Indonesia

17,500 islands

Asia

the highest volcano

Ojos del Salado

6,890 m high

South America

the largest island

Greenland

2,130,800 km2

Europe

the largest lake

Lake Superior

82,103 km2

North America

the longest river

the Nile

6,650 km long

Africa

1 Look at the table and answer the questions. a. Where is the largest mountain range located? b. Is the highest mountain found in the largest mountain range? c. Is the highest mountain higher than the highest volcano? d. Where is the largest archipelago in the world? e. Which is bigger, the largest island or the largest lake? f. How long is the longest river?

2 Search the Internet and complete the table with three impressive natural elements in your country. natural element

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name

dimensions

location


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8

Water and landscapes Date

culture & festivals

Name A unique ‘sea’ The Dead Sea is really a salt lake. It is located in the Middle East, between Jordan and Israel. It is called a ‘sea’ because the water is so salty. And it is called ‘dead’ because fish and plants cannot live in it due to its high salt and mineral content.

The Dead Sea is 420 metres below sea level, and it is considered the lowest point on the planet. In fact, its salt content is due to its location. Being the lowest point on Earth, minerals have been flowing into it for millions of years, making the Dead Sea nearly nine times saltier than the oceans. This high concentration of salt allows people to float in it without using a life jacket. You can even read a book while you float on the water!

1 Circle the correct words. a. The Dead Sea is a salt water / fresh water lake. b. Fish and plants can live / cannot live in the Dead Sea. c. The Dead Sea is located above / below sea level. d. Its high salt content is because of its temperature / location. e. Floating in the Dead Sea is easier / harder than floating in the ocean.

2 Search the Internet for information about the Great Salt Lake in Utah, United States. Write some sentences about the lake.


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culture & festivals

9

1

Air Name

Date

Hurricanes, the power of wind Hurricanes are huge, swirling storms that form over warm oceans, near the Equator. They bring extremely strong, rotating winds and heavy rain. In the strongest hurricanes, known as ‘category 5’ hurricanes, winds can reach more than 300 kilometres per hour. Hurricanes spin in an anticlockwise direction around a central ‘eye’, which is the calmest part of the storm. They can be up to 800 kilometres in diameter. Hurricanes concentrate in the Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean. The Atlantic hurricane season goes from the end of May to the end of November, but most hurricanes occur during the autumn months. On the 29th of August 2005, Hurricane Katrina hit the city of New Orleans in the United States. It was one of the most powerful hurricanes ever recorded in history. It caused many deaths, as well as catastrophic damage.

1 Tick (✓) the true sentences and cross ( ✗) the false sentences. a. Hurricanes are huge storms that form over cold oceans. b. In ‘category 5‘ hurricanes, winds can reach 300 kilometres per hour. c. The calmest part of a hurricane is called the ‘eye’. d. Hurricanes are most common in the Indian Ocean. e Most hurricanes occur during the summer months. f. Hurricane Katrina hit the city of New York in the United States.

2 Use the code and find the warning about hurricanes.

• 5 A ≈ 5 C ∩ 5 D ∪ 5 E ∼ 5 F ♣ 5 G ◊ 5 H ⊃ 5 I ⊂ 5 L ♦5 M ∧ 5 N ∨ 5 O ♠ 5 R ∅ 5 S ∗ 5 T ♥ 5 U ≅ 5 V ∴ 5 W ∆ 5 Y • ⊂ ∴ • ∆ ∅ ∅ ∗ • ∆ ⊃ ∧ ∅ ⊃ ∩ ∪ ∩ ♥ ♠ ⊃ ∧ ♣ • ◊ ♥ ♠ ♠ ⊃ ≈ • ∧ ∪ 50 411706 _ 0042-0089.indd 50

.


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10

Where we live Date

culture & festivals

Name The world’s largest metropolitan areas This table shows data about some of the largest metropolitan areas in the world. A metropolitan area includes the city and the immediate surrounding area.

city

population

country

continent

location

Tokyo

36,500,000

Japan

Asia

on the coast / by a river

Sao Paulo

20,000,000

Brazil

South America


Mumbai

19,700,000

India

Asia


New York City

19,300,000

United States

North America


London

8,600,000

United Kingdom

Europe


1 Look at the table and answer the questions. a. In which country is the world’s largest city located? b. Which two cities have a difference in population of 400,000 inhabitants? c. Which continent has two of the world’s largest cities? d. What do all these cities have in common?

2 Search the Internet and find information about two more of the world’s largest metropolitan areas.


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culture & festivals

11

1

Work

Name

Date

The Olympic Games The Summer Olympic Games is the largest sporting event in the world. It is held every four years, each time in a different country. The Olympic Games is a celebration of excellence, respect and friendship. The symbol of the Olympics is five interlocking rings (black, blue, yellow, green and red) on a white background. They represent the five continents of the world. The Olympic Torch is lit in Olympia, in Greece, where the Olympic Games originated. The torch is then carried around the world by athletes, until it reaches the host city on the opening night of the Games. It is a great honour to run with the torch and pass it on to the next runner. Over the years, the torch has also been carried by boat, on an aeroplane, on a camel, and even by laser beam! The Olympic Games provides thousands of jobs from building or updating sports facilities and city infrastructures, to providing services for the many visitors attending this major sports event.

1 Answer the questions. a. What type of event is the Olympic Games? b. How often does it take place? c. Where did the Olympic Games originate?

2 Look on the Internet and find six cities which have celebrated the Summer Olympic Games. Where will the next games be held? Tell your partner.

3 Imagine you are attending the next Summer Olympic Games. Make a list of some of the services and jobs involved with your visit. services

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jobs


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12

Time passes Date

culture & festivals

Name Saint Patrick’s Day Saint Patrick’s Day is a public holiday in the Republic of Ireland and in Northern Ireland. It is celebrated on the 17th of March in honour of Saint Patrick, the patron Saint of Ireland.

Originally, it was a religious holiday. However, it has now become an international cultural celebration. People of Irish descent from all around the world participate in festivities with traditional Irish food, drink and folk music. On St. Patrick’s Day, people wear green to represent the beautiful green countryside of Ireland. Some people wear a shamrock, a three leaf clover, which is an Irish symbol representing the rebirth of spring. Many cities organise Saint Patrick’s Day Parades. In Dublin, famous buildings are lit up green during the festivities. Other cities paint the yellow street lines green for the day. In Chicago, in the United States, the Chicago River is dyed green on Saint Patrick’s Day!

1 Read and write True or False. a. Saint Patrick’s Day is a Scottish holiday. b. Saint Patrick’s Day is celebrated in the summer. c. It is celebrated in many parts of the world. d. People wear green because it represents hope. e. A shamrock is a type of plant.

2 Do research on the Internet about the Republic of Ireland and complete the table. Republic of Ireland location

capital

flag


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symbols

currency

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1

2

Our senses

INVESTIGATE !

Name

Date

1 What happens when you can’t see what you are tasting? And when you can’t see or smell what you are tasting?

orange juice

mustard

mayonnaise

yoghurt pineapple juice

ketchup Instructions 1. Work with a partner. 2. Your partner wears a blindfold.

3. Dip a plastic spoon in one of the foods and let your partner taste it. 4. Ask your partner to identify the food. 5. Repeat the experiment in a different order. This time your partner holds their nose. 6. Complete the table with the results. Take turns and compare the results. food

blindfolded

blindfolded and holding your nose

pineapple juice

yes

no

I can / cannot identify foods when I cannot see them. I can / cannot identify foods when I cannot see them or smell them.

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2

Our body Name

Date INVESTIGATE !

1 How much have you grown?

Instructions 1. Work in small groups. 2. Find out how long you were when you were born. 3. Take turns and measure your height today. 4. Make two bar charts. • At birth: Write these measurements on the vertical axis: 10 cms, 20 cms, 30 cms, 40 cms, 50 cms, 60 cms and 70 cms. Write your names on the horizontal axis. • Today: Use the same format. Increase the measurements to 170 cms. 5. Compare your bar charts with other groups. Who was the longest baby? Who is the tallest student? Is it the same classmate? Who has grown the most? I can / cannot calculate how much I have grown.


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3

4

Living things

INVESTIGATE !

Name

Date

1 Which animals and plants share the same habitat?

Instructions 1. Work in groups. 2. Choose one of these habitats: rainforest, desert, savannah, Arctic or forest. 3. Research on the Internet plants and animals that live in your habitat. Find out what they eat and how they reproduce. Print out or draw pictures. 4. Make a poster with your pictures. Write the names of the animals, what they eat (carnivore, herbivore or omnivore) and how they reproduce (viviparous or viviparous). 5. Show your poster to your classmates and explain how the animals and plants adapt to their habitat. Animals and plants adapt / do not adapt to their habitat.

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4

Animals Name

Date INVESTIGATE !

1 How can you classify animals? Make an index card.

Instructions 1. Work in groups of four. 2. Search the Internet for information about an exotic animal. Draw the animal or print out photographs and glue them onto separate pieces of card. 3. On the back of each card, write about your animal. Animal name: Habitat: Vertebrate / Invertebrate Food: Reproduction: Body covering: Movement: 4. Play Guess the animal with a partner, using the information on the back of your cards. I can / cannot make my own animal index card.


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5

6

Plants

INVESTIGATE !

Name

Date

1 What types of plants grow near your school? Instructions 1. Take a walk around your school and look for plants near your school. 2. Use a magnifying glass to examine the different parts of each plant. 3. Complete the table with your observations. Use words and drawings. 4. Share your observations with the class. tree, bush or grass

deciduous or evergreen

stem

leaves

flowers

fruits

plant 1

plant 2

plant 3

I can / cannot classify different plants.

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6

Water Name

Date INVESTIGATE !

1 How long does water take to evaporate? Do this experiment. Instructions 1. Work with a partner. 2. Pour 250 ml of water into a narrow glass, and pour another 250 ml of water into a shallow bowl. Mark the water levels on each container.

3. Place the glass and the bowl in a sunny place. 4. Every two days, observe and mark the water level in each container. 5. Make drawings of your observations in the table. 6. Compare your results. In which container does the water evaporate more quickly?

today

in two days

in four days

in six days

narrow glass

shallow bowl

Water evaporates more slowly / faster from a narrow glass than from a shallow bowl.


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7

8

Landscapes

INVESTIGATE !

Name

Date

1 What makes your region special?

Instructions 1. Do research about natural elements, for example, mountains, lakes, rivers or beaches, and man-made elements, for example, bridges, airports, railway lines or factories in your region. Use books, magazines and the Internet. 2. Complete the table. natural elements

man-made elements

3. Make a poster entitled Our region with two sections: Natural elements and Man-made elements. Include information from the table. Add pictures to illustrate the poster. I know / don’t know about natural and man-made elements in my region.

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8

Water and landscapes Name

Date INVESTIGATE !

1 How can you describe the location of places in your school? Make a compass. Instructions 1. Work with a partner. 2. With the help of an adult, cut a slice of cork about 1 cm thick. 3. Tape a needle to the cork. 4. Carefully stroke the end of the needle with a magnet, always in the same direction, about 50 times. 5. Fill a plastic cup with water and float the cork on the surface. 6. The end of the needle should point north. 7. Check for accuracy with a real compass and label north (N) on the edge of the cup.

8. Use your compass to locate these places in your school and complete the table. staffroom

cafeteria

library

playground

north south east west

I can / cannot make and use a compass.


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9

1

Air

INVESTIGATE !

Name

Date

1 Does air really take up space? Try two experiments. Instructions You need a tank or large bowl of water, a dry sponge and an empty plastic bottle. Work with a partner. Do the following easy experiments. Experiment A 1. Squeeze a dry sponge inside a tank or bowl of water. What do you see?

Experiment B 2. Put an empty water bottle sideways inside a tank or bowl of water. What do you see?

3. Complete the table with your observations. Include drawings. First minute

After a few minutes

Experiment A

Experiment B Air takes up / does not take up space.

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10

Where we live Name

Date INVESTIGATE !

1 How can you design a park for your community? Instructions 1. In groups of four, choose a location to build a park in your neighbourhood. 2. Next, decide how you will use each area in the park, for example, as a playground, a swimming area, flower beds and gardens, toilets, etc. 3. Create a key. Locate the areas on the grid and draw their corresponding symbols. A

B

C

D

E

1 2 3 4 5

4. Give your park a name. Write rules about how to behave in your park. I can / cannot design a park for my community.


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11

1

Work

INVESTIGATE !

Name

Date

1 What jobs are the most popular? Do a survey.

Instructions 1. Ask your classmates: What do you want to be when you grow up? 2. Record your results in a table like this one. Add columns for other jobs. doctor

teacher

fisherman

TV presenter

singer

farmer

fireman

singer

farmer

fireman

number of children

3. Make a bar chart like this one with the class results. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

doctor

teacher

fisherman TV presenter jobs

4. Interpret the results and answer the questions. a. What is the most popular job in your class? b. Which job is the most popular with girls? Which job is the most popular with boys? c. Which sector is the most popular, the primary, the secondary or the tertiary? I can / cannot carry out and interpret a survey about jobs.

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12

Time passes Name

Date INVESTIGATE !

1 What is your favourite Spanish meal? Do a survey. Instructions 1. Ask your classmates: What is your favourite Spanish meal?

2. Record your results in a table like this one. Add different foods.

paella

fabada

cocido

croquettes

Spanish omelette

meatballs

gazpacho

4

2

1

5

5

6

4

number of children

3. Make a bar chart like this one, with the class results. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

paella

fabada

cocido

croquettes Spanish omelette favourite Spanish meal

meatballs

gazpacho

4. Interpret the results and complete the sentences. a. The most popular Spanish meal is

.

b. The least popular Spanish meal is

.

I can / cannot do a survey and represent the results in a bar chart.


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1

Our senses

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Complete the table.

action

sense

organs

2 Use the colour key and circle the words. sight → green

hearing → red

smell → blue

taste → purple

touch → orange

pain eyelashes retina cochlea cornea texture temperature nostrils inner ear olfactory nerve taste buds flavour eardrum nasal cavity

3 Complete the parts of the eye and match them to the definitions. a.

r

b. c.

t o

d. o e. f.

We use it to focus. a

n

It takes the image we see to the brain.

t

It is the coloured part of the eye. e

u n

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v

It captures the light.

l

It is transparent and light passes through it.

Light enters the eye through it. Essential Science Plus 3 Photocopiable Material © 2012 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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4 How do we hear? Match and number the sentences in order. ASSESSMENT

The eardrum

takes the information to the brain.

The outer ear

make the sound louder.

The cochlea

vibrates when the sound reaches it.

The auditory nerve

receives the sound.

The ear canal

transmits the sound vibrations to the auditory nerve.

The three small bones

carries the sound to the middle ear.

5 Circle the correct words in each sentence. a. Smells enter our nose through the nostrils / nasal cavity. b. The eyelid / cornea protects the eye. c. Our taste buds help us to distinguish different flavours / smells. d. Different areas of the tongue / mouth detect different tastes. e. Through our skin we feel pain / colour.

6 Complete the crossword about how these things feel. 1

1

3

2 3

4

4 2 5 5


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2

Our body

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Match the word segments and write the bones. pel

num mur

ra

bia

ti

vis jaw

ula

ster

na

fe ul

bone

fib

dius

2 Use the colour key and circle the words. bones → green

muscles → red

joints → blue

abdominal fibula hip humerus trapezius skull shoulder radius deltoid spine ankle masseter tibia knee ribs biceps pectoral ulna elbow calf muscle

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3 Read and tick (✓) the correct answers. ASSESSMENT

a. Your bones protect your... organs.

joints.

fixed joints.

legs.

voluntary movements.

b. The wrist and the elbow are... flexible joints. c. The quadriceps are in your... arms. d. Reflex actions are... involuntary movements.

4 Look at the diagram and write the names of the muscles.

B

A

a. The muscle that contracts when you bend your arm. b. The muscle that contracts when you extend your arm.

5 Complete the sentences about healthy habits. exercise

diet

water

a. Get enough

sleep

. . .


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a day.

c. Keep your body

e. Eat a healthy and balanced

clean

.

b. Drink six to eight glasses of

d. Do regular

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3

Living things

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Complete the sentences with living things or non-living things. a.

need air, water, food and shelter to survive. .

b. Rocks are natural

.

c. People, plants and animals are all are man-made.

d. Some

2 Unscramble the names of the life processes. Then, label the pictures. pdornituecro

nratnioecti

tortuniin

3 Use the clues to complete the words. Then, write one example of each type of animal. a. Animals with sharp teeth.

a

b. Animals that lay eggs.

o

c. Animals with flat teeth.

r

d. Animals with sharp teeth and flat teeth.

m

e. Animals that drink their mother’s milk.

i

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n

o

p

o i

r

v

e

a

s


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4 Circle six habitats. Then, write each word next to the correct picture. x

p

r

d

s

z

b

s

a

v

a

n

n

a

h

a

r

b

i

x

l

w

t

p

c

w

n

e

t

p

t

f

t

o

f

x

y

o

e

o

i

p

o

a

e

n

r

r

c

x

r

w p

d

f

e

o

r

e

s

t

d

z

s

d

e

s

e

r

t

m

t

q

k

t

x

w

y

s

ASSESSMENT

r

5 Use the key and colour the words. Then, write V (viviparous) or O (oviparous). carnivores → red

herbivores → green

omnivores → blue

fox

lion

deer

rabbit

giraffe

pig

snake

penguin

bear people

6 Complete the sentences with the correct word. fly produce swim move walk adapt a. Animals can b. Plants

from place to place. seeds to make new plants.

c. Animals and plants

to their habitats.

d. Animals with fins can

.

e. Most animals with wings can

.

f. Animals with legs can

.


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4

Animals

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Find and circle the animals. Then, classify.

duckspiderdolph b a infl rcr leop ybatjellyfish e t usselsalaman ardantea m e l der odi gira worm c o dragonfly ffebeetlecr vertebrates

invertebrates

2 Complete the sentences with mammals, birds, fish, reptiles or amphibians. a. Most

,

and

have four legs.

have webbed feet.

b.

are viviparous.

c. d.

can be terrestrial or aquatic.

e.

and young

breathe through gills.

3 Match the words to the definitions. vertebrates gills shell 72 411706 _ 0042-0089.indd 72

hard, strong protective covering breathing organs of some aquatic animals animals that have a backbone Essential Science Plus 3 Photocopiable Material © 2012 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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4 Write T (true) or F (false). ASSESSMENT

a. All vertebrates have a backbone. b. All mammals have hair or fur. c. Birds breathe air through their gills. d. Fish live in rivers or seas. e. Reptiles and amphibians are viviparous. f. Mussels are invertebrates with shells.

5 Complete the text about invertebrates. plants segments crabs shell worms backbone exoskeleton beetles ground Invertebrates do not have a

. Some invertebrates have a

or an

. For example,

and

have thin exoskeletons. Other invertebrates, like

have thick exoskeletons,

do not have a protective covering. Their bodies are divided into under the

and eat dead

, . They live

in the soil.

6 Unscramble the letters. Then, label the parts of the insect. y e e d m e o a n b g e l

t n a n e n a

i w g n d e h a


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hxotar

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5

Plants

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Circle and write eight parts of plants. s e e d q r g u z

a e u y i o x l a

l s a h f o c k b

g f r u i t o b d

m l r s d e b r o

u o i c s p s a m

s w c a t r u n k

l e a f e w u c n

l r p e m t o h a

2 Read, then write the correct word. a. Plants move

to their environment. grow adapt

b. Deciduous trees grow new leaves in winter spring c. Leaves d. Bees make honey with pollen e. Some fruits, like grapes f. Dry fruits, such as rhododendrons

reproduce .

summer

make food for the plant. Seeds Roots petals peaches acorns

from flowers. nectar

autumn Fruits stamens

, have a stone inside. kiwis watermelons contain very little water. apples melons

3 Look at this plant. Read and circle. a. This is a grass / a tree / a bush. b. Its stem / trunk is thick / thin / short and woody / soft. c. It grows tall / close to the ground. 74 411706 _ 0042-0089.indd 74


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4 Cross out the wrong words and write correct sentences. ASSESSMENT

a. Evergreen trees lose their leaves in autumn. b. Leaves absorb water and minerals from the soil. c. The carpel is the male reproductive organ. d. Sepals are coloured to attract insects. e. Leaves germinate and grow a root and a stem.

5 Look at the pictures and classify the fruits.

acorn

peanut

banana

peach

fleshy fruit

pear

walnut

dry fruit

6 Match the words to their definitions. Then, put the sentences in order to show the life cycle of plants. Seeds 1 Flowers

makes its own food and grows into an adult tree. fall to the ground and release seeds.

The seeds

form inside the carpels.

The carpels

germinate and grow a root and a stem.

The baby plant

grow on the adult tree.

The ripe fruits

grow into fruits.


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6

Water

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 What kind of water can you find in these places? Tick (✓) the correct boxes. salt water

fresh water

glaciers rivers seas lakes oceans aquifers

2 Look at the picture and match. Then, write S (solid) or L (liquid) next to each word. sea groundwater

3

1 2

rain snow

4

clouds river

5 6

3 Write examples. Water in a solid state: Water in a liquid state: Water in a gaseous state: 76 411706 _ 0042-0089.indd 76


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4 Read and tick (✓) the correct answers. ASSESSMENT

a. Most of our planet’s fresh water is contained in... lakes. glaciers. b. Evaporation happens when liquid water changes into... water vapour. ice. c. In the water cycle, water is constantly... moving. stopping. d. People can survive without water for... a few days. a few weeks. e. Artificial lakes to store water are called... ponds. reservoirs.

5 Unscramble the stages of the water cycle. Then, write the correct stage for each definition. toarpnovaei

oloticecnl

icpiptotreani

danoncinotes

a. Water vapour rises and condenses forming clouds. b. Water collects in lakes, rivers, seas, oceans and underground. c. The Sun heats up water and the water evaporates. d. Water in clouds falls back to Earth as rain or snow.

6 Circle six uses of water and write the words. r

x

d

d

d

s

z

b

x

k

c

a

o

u

r

l

a

d

i

p

d

l

a

g

r

i

c

u

l

t

u

r

e

g

s

w

n

e

t

g

t

l

z

a

c

o

o

k

i

n

g

e

w m

n

y

b

p

i

a

w

q

r

t

p

i

k

x

i

n

d

u

s

t

r

y

n

x

h

y

g

i

e

n

e

r

t

g


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7

Landscapes

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Label the elements in the picture. Then, classify them. bridge

village

road

natural elements

river

mountain

forest

man-made elements

2 Use the colour key and circle the words. mountain landscape → green

flat landscape → orange

coastal landscape → blue

slope cliff hill valley peninsula plain plateau island archipelago beach mountain range summit bay 78 411706 _ 0042-0089.indd 78


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3 Circle five coastal elements and label the picture. z b e a c h i c

f p n b w o p g

e r i i n f o r

t d n x b x a d

y i s l a n d p

a z u w y o n d

n c l i f f r h

ASSESSMENT

q r p a p f o r

l b a x s a r w

4 Natural change or man-made change? Write.


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8

Water and landscapes

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Read and tick (✓) the correct answers. a. Rivers start in... the mountains.

flat areas.

b. Water in the upper course of a river flows... quickly. slowly. c. Lakes and reservoirs are large areas of... still water. moving water. d. Our planet has five... oceans.

seas.

e. A compass has a magnetic needle that always points... north. south.

2 Label the courses of the river.

3 Write a characteristic for each course of the river.

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4 Complete the sentences and match them to the correct pictures. . to travel.

b. Some animals use ocean

.

c. The land next to rivers is good for d.

ASSESSMENT

a. We can use river water to generate

form naturally.

5 Cross out the wrong words and write correct sentences. a. As rivers flow across mountainous areas, they get wider and slower. b. The mouth of a river is the place where it begins. c. A dam is a strong wall that stops the flow of a lake. d. There are five oceans: the Arctic, the Antarctic, the Indian, the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. e. A compass has a plastic needle.

6 What map do you use? Solve the riddles. I use this map to visit the cathedral of a big city.

I use this map to find out what the landscape is like in a place.


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9

Air

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Read and tick (✓) the correct answers. a. The Earth’s atmosphere is made up of... water. air. b. The two main gases in the atmosphere are nitrogen and... oxygen. carbon dioxide. c. Animals and people breathe in oxygen and breathe out... carbon dioxide. nitrogen. d. Fish absorb … from water through their gills. oxygen. nitrogen. e. Plants release oxygen into the... soil.

atmosphere.

2 Circle the words related to the properties of air in blue, and the words related to the uses of air in green.

no shape fly inflate no smell breathe underwater weight produce electricity invisible no taste

3 Complete the text about air pollution. contaminated harmful air pollution walk carbon dioxide prevent public transport atmosphere When air is

, there is air pollution. Many

human activities release

gases into the

. Too much from cars causes to

. In order air pollution, we should or use

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. Essential Science Plus 3 Photocopiable Material © 2012 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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4 Circle the four basic elements of weather and write them next to their

precip

io itat

nd nwi

temperatu

reh

um

ASSESSMENT

definition.

idity

a. How hot or cold it is. b. Water falling from clouds. c. Moving air. d. The amount of water vapour in the air.

5 Unscramble the names of the weather instruments. Then, match. h e r e w t a e v n a

It measures humidity in the air.

r m e h m e t o r e t

It measures precipitation.

e n o m r a m e t e

It indicates the direction of wind.

g y r o r e h e t m

It measures the temperature of the air.

a n r i a g e u g

It measures the speed of wind.

6 Write each word under the correct picture. Cross ( ✗) the odd word out. flood

drought

thunderstorm


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tornado

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10

Where we live

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Copy the words in the correct order to write definitions about population. a. of a town is of inhabitants city Population or a whole country the number

b. of the inhabitants is A census a list of a place

c. for each year of inhabitants shows of a place A population graph the number

millions of inhabitants

2 Look at the population graph and answer the questions. 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

2002

2004 2006 2008 2010 population of Spain 2002-2010

a. Is the population of Spain increasing or decreasing? b. In 2002, was the population more than 45 million? c. What was the population in 2006? d. What was the population in 2010? 84 411706 _ 0042-0089.indd 84


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3 Look at the map. Write the letter and number of the square for each building. ASSESSMENT

Then, draw two more places on the map and write their name and location.

1

2

3

4

A

B

C

D

E

F

library

sports centre

museum

church

university

cinema

G

H

I

museum church library sports centre

4 Circle eight means of transport. Write them and colour the ones that can carry a lot of people.

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11

Work

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Circle the jobs. Then, classify them into sectors.

rbuilderfisher e m ma ar f nm t minerpilo rlumberjack usician e h c h a o tel fac te rece toryworker ptionist primary sector

secondary sector

tertiary sector

2 Match. dry crops livestock crop farming forestry irrigated crops

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plants for food, clothes and medicines wood rice and tomatoes sheep, pigs and cows grapes, cereals and olives


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3 Use the words to complete the text. ASSESSMENT

assembly lines raw materials quickly mass-produced manufactured products secondary sector cheaply In the

, workers transform

into

. These products are Many workers work on

in factories. . In this way, products are made

and

.

4 What type of service is provided when you... a. travel by plane? b. get a vaccination? c. buy some shoes? d. stay in a hotel? e. go to the theatre?

5 Are these raw materials or manufactured products? Look and write.


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12

Time passes

ASSESSMENT

Name

Date

1 Circle the time periods. Then, write them in order from the shortest to the longest.

cen

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ade c e d

hour yearmont

hda

ymi

llenniumsecond

2 Complete the sentences with personal history or family history. a. The day I first rode my bike:

.

b. The day my parents got married:

.

c. My first day at school:

.

d. The day my sister was born:

.

e. The year my grandmother was born:

.

3 Look at the photos and write tradition or festival.

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08/06/12 12:47

4 Unscramble the letters and label the pictures of the historical records. iningpta

okob

ASSESSMENT

ceuduaqt

tiyc lawsl

5 Match. Nowadays

Thousand of years ago

People lived in caves or huts near rivers.

Noblemen lived in castles.

Poor people lived in simple houses near castle walls.

Hundreds of years ago

People live in houses or flats in tall buildings.

6 Complete the sentences with the correct words. Internet big mobile phone telephone expensive smartphones Alexander Graham Bell invented the The first telephones were very The first

. and

.

was invented in 1973.

The most modern mobile phones are called Smartphones can be connected to the Essential Science Plus 3 Photocopiable Material © 2012 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S. L.

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Answer keys Reinforcement & Extension

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Reinforcement

answer key

1. OUR SENSES

2. Circle six muscles. Then, write them under the correct body part.

PAGE 6 1. Unscramble the letters and label the diagram.

arm: triceps, biceps; trunk: pectoral, abdominal; leg: calf muscle, quadriceps.

left, top to bottom: iris; cornea; pupil; PAGE 9

right, top to bottom: retina; optic nerve; lens.

3. Which joints is she using? Match. 2. Circle the parts of the ear and complete the sentences. auditory nerve; ear canal; cochlea; three small bones; eardrum. a. Sound vibrations go into the outer ear and along the ear canal. b. The eardrum vibrates. c. The vibration of the eardrum moves the three small bones. d. The sound then goes to the cochlea. e. The cochlea sends the sound through the auditory nerve to the brain.

knee; ankle; wrist; elbow; shoulder. 4. Read the sentences and write yes or no. bones: They support the body; They are hard and rigid. joints: They support the body; They connect bones; They can be flexible; They are hard and rigid. muscles: They are elastic; They connect bones; They move the bones they are attached to. 5. Who is looking after their health? Write H (healthy) or N (not healthy). H; H; N; N.

3. Use the code and find the message. We have five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.

3. LIVING THINGS

PAGE 7

PAGE 10

4. Tick (✓) the true sentences and cross ( ✗) the false sentences.

1. Look at the photograph and complete the table.

a. We can distinguish lots of different smells. ✓ b. Dogs have a weak sense of smell. ✗

2. Write the names of the life processes.

c. Smells travel through the air. ✓ d. Smells enter our nose through the olfactory nerve. ✓ e. The olfactory nerve sends information about smells to the brain. ✓ 5. Circle the words related to taste. Then, write them under the correct picture. Left column: sweet, salty; right column: sour, bitter. 6. How do these things feel? Read and match. a. cold; b. hot; c. wet; d. hard; e. soft; f. dry.

3. Read the sentences and write yes or no. animals: They communicate with each other; Some are born from eggs; They are living things; Some eat other animals and plants; They move. plants: They make their own food; They are living things; They produce seeds. PAGE 11 camel: desert; zebra: savannah; frog: pond; monkey: rainforest; polar bear: Arctic.

PAGE 8

5. Match the words to the definitions.

1. Label the skeleton with these words. Left column: jawbone; humerus; ulna; radius; spine; fibula. Right column: skull; ribs; sternum; vertebrae; pelvis; femur; tibia.

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a. nutrition; b. reproduction; c. interaction.

4. Where do these animals live? Write.

2. OUR BODY

92

living things: horse, grass, flowers; non-living things: water, mountains, snow.

These animals eat plants: herbivores; These animals eat meat: carnivores; These animals are born from eggs: oviparous; These animals eat animals and plants: omnivores; These animals are born from their mother’s womb: viviparous.


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Reinforcement 6. Complete the table. nutrition

reproduction

movement

carnivore

viviparous

walk, run, climb

omnivore

oviparous

walk, swim, fly

carnivore

oviparous

swim

4. ANIMALS

answer key

animal

5. Complete the crossword about insects.

PAGE 12

1. antenna; 2. larvae; 3. insects; 4. thorax; 5. abdomen; 6. wings.

1. Circle ten vertebrates. Then, classify them. mammals: monkey; dolphin;

6. Solve the animal riddles.

birds: duck, eagle;

dolphin; butterfly.

fish: sardine, shark; reptiles: crocodile, tortoise; amphibians: toad, salamander.

5. PLANTS 2. Write an example for each animal.

PAGE 14

a. penguin; b. eagle; c.bat; d. snake.

1. Use the words to complete the text.

3. Complete the table. mammals: fur, viviparous, lungs; birds: feathers, lungs; fish: scales, oviparous, gills/lungs; reptiles: oviparous, lungs; amphibians: scales, oviparous. PAGE 13

Plants are living things. They cannot move from place to place, but they adapt to their environment. They make their own food. They use sunlight, water, air and minerals from the soil. Plants reproduce from seeds. 2. Complete the sentences with tree, bush or grass. Then, match. a. bush; b. grass; c. tree.

4. Circle the correct words.

illustrations: b, c, a.

a. Worms, insects and spiders are invertebrates. b. Mussels have exoskeletons.

3. Read and complete the words. Then, label the plant.

c. Crabs have thick exoskeletons. d. Jellyfish and earthworms do not have a protective covering.

leaf

stem

roots


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answer key

Reinforcement PAGE 15

7. LANDSCAPES

4. Unscramble the letters and label the diagram. Then, circle the parts of the flower that attract insects.

PAGE 18

petal; stamen; carpel; sepal. left, top to bottom: carpel; sepal.

1. Look at the pictures and write mountain landscape, flat landscape or coastal landscape. mountain landscape, flat landscape.

right, top to bottom: petal; stamen. the parts that attract insects: petal; carpel.

2. Unscramble the letters and label the parts of the mountain.

5. Match the sentences to the life cycle.

slope; foot; summit.

In a clockwise direction, starting from the photo of the flowers: 1. b; 2. c; 3. e; 4. a; 5. d.

top to bottom: summit; slope; foot. 3. Complete the sentences with plain or plateau. a. plain; b. plateau; c. plain; d. plateau.

6. WATER PAGE 16 1. Look at the photos of different states of water. Write S (solid), L (liquid), or G (gas). S; G; L; G; L; S.

PAGE 19 4. Circle the elements of coastal landscapes. Then, write them next to their definitions. peninsula; cliff; bay; island; archipelago; beach. a. cliff; b. island; c. archipelago; d. bay; e. beach; f. peninsula.

2. Complete the sentences. a. All living things need water to live. b. Water has no smell, taste, or colour.

5. Copy each sentence under the correct photo.

c. Water exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas. d. Salt and sugar dissolve in water. 3. Use the clues to complete the changes of state. a. solidification; b. evaporation; c. melting; d. condensation.

Photos left to right: Don’t drop litter on the beach; Don’t disturb wild animals; Don’t pick wild plants. 6. Read and write natural change or man-made change. a. natural change; b. natural change; c. man-made change; d. natural change; e. man-made change.

PAGE 17 4. Label the diagram with the words from Activity 3. left column: condensation, evaporation; right column: solidification, melting. 5. Match and number the sentences in order. Then, write the numbers on the diagram. 1. The Sun heats the water and it evaporates and goes into the air. 2. When water vapour rises in the air, it condenses and forms clouds. 3. Water from the clouds falls back to the Earth as rain or snow. 4. Water collects in lakes, rivers and seas. 5. Some water filters through the soil and becomes groundwater.

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8. WATER AND LANDSCAPES PAGE 20 1. Complete the text about rivers. Rivers are bodies of moving fresh water. They provide a home and food for many animals. We use them to generate electricity. We also use them to transport things and people by boat and ship. The land next to rivers is fertile land which is good for farming. 2. Use the clues to complete the words related to rivers. tributary; mouth; source; meander. 3. Complete the sentences with lake or river. a. reservoir; b. reservoir; c. reservoir; d. lake; e. lake.


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Reinforcement PAGE 23

4. Circle the names of the oceans and seas. Then, label the map.

4. Circle six words about weather. Then, write each word under the correct symbol.

Arctic Ocean; Caribbean Sea; Indian Ocean; South China Sea; Antarctic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean; Mediterranean Sea; Pacific Ocean. left, top to bottom: Arctic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean; Caribbean Sea; Pacific Ocean. right, top to bottom: Mediterranean Sea; South China Sea; Indian Ocean; Antarctic Ocean. 5. Circle the four cardinal points on the compass. Then, find them in the wordsearch and write them.

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answer key

PAGE 21

Symbols: left column: sunny, windy, cloudy; right column: foggy, raining, snowing. 5. Complete the table about weather instruments.

6. What kind of map do you need? Write. a. tourist map; b. political map; c. relief map; d. road map. 9. AIR

instrument

measures/indicates

hygrometer

humidity

weather vane

wind direction

thermometer

temperature

rain gauge

precipitation

anemometer

wind speed

PAGE 22 1. Read and circle the correct word.

6. Complete the sentences with the correct words.

a. Air is a mixture of different gases.

a. A tornado forms a swirling column of wind.

b. Oxygen is the second most abundant gas in air.

b. It looks like a dark funnel-shaped cloud.

c. All animals and people need oxygen to survive.

c. Tornadoes can destroy buildings and uproot trees.

d. Plants need carbon dioxide to make their food.

d. They form when warm, humid air clashes with cold air.

2. Copy the sentences under the correct picture. Then, write P (property) or U (use). Air has weight, (P); Birds need air to fly, (U); We inflate bicycle tyres with air, (U).

10. WHERE WE LIVE PAGE 24 1. Complete the sentences with increases or decreases. a. decreases; b. increases; c. increases; d. decreases.

3. Complete the text about the atmosphere. The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. The lower layer of the atmosphere has oxygen, which living things need to breathe. The upper layer of the atmosphere contains very little oxygen. Outside the atmosphere is the outer space. Here there is no air and there are no living things.

2. Read the sentences and write rural area or urban area. rural area: Most people live in houses. Many people work in farming; They have narrow roads. urban area: They have a lot of traffic; People work in many different jobs; There are a lot of shops.


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Reinforcement

answer key

3. Are these advantages or disadvantages of living in a city? Match. advantages: more educational services, more free time activities, sports centres and cinemas, schools and museums.

3. Circle eight products from farming and forestry. Write them. Then, underline the irrigated crops in blue, and the dry crops in green. p

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PAGE 25

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4. Complete the text about street maps.

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disadvantages: few natural landscapes, fewer open spaces.

Street maps show an aerial view of streets, parks, gardens and buildings in a city. They have a grid with rows and columns. They have symbols for important buildings and places. The key of the map indicates the meaning of the symbols. 5. Use the colour key and circle the words. road transport: lorries, minor roads, motorways; rail transport: underground trains, tracks;

irrigated crops: tomato, rice; dry crops: grape, cereal, olive.

water transport: cargo ships, rivers, cheap; air transport: fastest, airports, very expensive.

PAGE 27 4. Write the type of industry under the correct picture.

6. Match the sentences to find five road safety rules. a. Do not cross the road behind buses.

construction industry; food industry; chemical industry; textile industry.

b. Always wear a helmet when cycling. c. Always look both ways before crossing the road. d. Always walk on the pavement.

5. Unscramble the jobs. Then, classify them according to the service sectors. education: teacher; health care: dentist; transport: train driver; retail: shop assistant; tourism: tour guide; entertainment: singer.

11. WORK PAGE 26 1. Use the colour key and circle the words. primary sector: mining, crop farming, fishing, animal farming, forestry;

6. Complete the sentences about how jeans are made. Then, number them in order. 1. Farmers collect raw cotton from plants.

secondary sector: manufacturing, construction;

2. Lorries take the cotton to a factory.

tertiary sector: tourism, education, transport, health care, retail.

3. Machines weave the cotton into denim cloth.

2. Match the jobs in the primary sector to the sentences. open pit mining: Rocks and minerals are extracted from near the Earth’s surface. coastal fishing: This job takes place near the coast. deep-sea fishing: The boats have freezers on board for storing fish. fish-farming: Fish are only caught when they are fully grown. underground mining: Rocks and minerals are extracted from deep underground.

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4. In another factory, people use machines to cut and sew the denim cloth to make jeans. 5. Shop assistants sell the jeans to customers. 12. TIME PASSES PAGE 28 1. Match. day: 24 hours; millennium: 1,000 years; year: 365 days; minute: 60 seconds; leap year: 366 days; decade: 10 years; hour: 60 minutes; century: 100 years.


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Reinforcement 2. Write personal history or family history under each picture.

thousands of years ago: caves, near rivers, huts. hundreds of years ago: castles, noblemen.

3. Complete the text about traditions and festivals. Traditions are the customs and beliefs of a community. Children learn about traditions from older people. Traditions can be regional or national. Festivals are celebrations to commemorate important events. Many countries celebrate international festivals such as New Year’s Day.

nowadays: electricity, flats, running water. 6. Match the sentences about the history of the telephone and put them in order.

answer key

personal history; family history; personal history.

5. Use the colour key and circle the words.

1. The telephone was invented in 1876. 2. Over the years, telephones became smaller and cheaper.

PAGE 29

3. In 1973, the first mobile phone was invented.

4. Circle six historical records. Then, circle the historical monuments in blue.

4. Smartphones are modern mobile phones. 7. Read and write True or False.

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a. False; b. True; c. False.

historical monuments: castle, palace, church.


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answer key

Extension 1. OUR SENSES

5. PLANTS

PAGE 30

PAGE 34 1. Read and write True or False. Correct the false sentences.

1. Read and write True or False. a. True; b. False; c. False; d. False; e. True. 2. Complete the index card about guide dogs. Model answer (MA) Job description: They act as the eyes for people who are blind. Most common breeds: Labradors and Golden Retrievers. Equipment: A harness. Years of service: Approximately six.

a. True; b. False; c. False; d. True. The plant’s sweet-scented leaves attract insects. Sensitive hairs send signals to the plant. 2. Look on the Internet for carnivorous plants. Choose one and complete the index card. MA. Drosera Capillaris: It grows in wet pine forests in the United States. It gets nutrients from the insects it traps and digests. It traps a variety of insects such as flies. 6. WATER PAGE 35

2. OUR BODY

1. Draw all the water on Earth! Colour the key.

PAGE 31 1. Tick (✓) the true sentences and cross ( ✗) the false sentences. a. ✗; b. ✓; c. ✗; d. ✓; e. ✗; f. ✗.

Students colour according to the instructions. 7. LANDSCAPES PAGE 36

2. Have you ever broken a bone or know someone who has? Complete the medical card. Open answer (OA)

1. Match the rock formations to their definitions. a. cave: an underground hollow with an opening to the outside; b. arch: a curved rock formation; c. butte: a hill that rises sharply and has a flat top; d. dune: a hill of sand; e. column: a vertical rock formation.

3. LIVING THINGS PAGE 32 1. Read the text and the table. Then, answer the questions.

2. Tick (✓) the true sentences and cross ( ✗) the false sentences. a. ✓; b. ✗; c. ✗; d. ✓; e. ✓.

a. the sloth; b. the cheetah; c. in water; d. in the air; e. OA. 2. Find your favourite animal on the Internet. Draw it. Then, find out how fast it moves and complete the sentences.

OA

OA

8. WATER AND LANDSCAPES

4. ANIMALS

PAGE 37

PAGE 33 1. Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences. a. T; b. T; c. F; d. F; e. T. The call of a blue whale is louder than a jet engine. 2. Use the code to find out how animals communicate.

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1. Read and write True or False. a. False; b. True; c. True; d. False. 2. Complete the index card about the Grand Canyon.

A decibel is a unit for measuring sound.

trumpet; chatter; quack; chirp; hiss.

3. Look for beautiful landscapes on the Internet or in magazines. Cut out, or print the pictures and use them to make a poster. Label each type of formation.

Location: Arizona. River: Colorado River. Length: 446 km.

Depth: 1,800 m.

Width: 29 km.

Fauna: 70 species of mammals, 25 species of fish, 250 species of birds and 25 species of reptiles.


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Extension 11. WORK

PAGE 38

PAGE 40

1. Read and write T (true) or F (false).

1. Read and write True or False.

a. True; b. False; c. False; d. True; e. False; f. True. 2. Do some research on the Internet and make a five day weather forecast for your area. Include high and low temperatures, and predictions of precipitation. OA 10. WHERE WE LIVE PAGE 39 1. Answer the questions about the place where you live. OA

answer key

9. AIR

a. False; b. True ; c. True; d. True; e. False. 2. Find out on the Internet how paper is recycled. Write three or four sentences describing the process. OA 12. TIME PASSES PAGE 41 1. Research on the Internet World Heritage Cultural Sites in Spain. Choose one and complete the index card. Include a photograph. OA

2. What is your favourite village, town or city? Write two reasons why you like it. OA


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Culture & Festivals Investigate! & Assessment

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Culture & Festivals

answer key

1. OUR SENSES

2. Look at the calendar. Which year were you born? Which animal represents that year? Find out and write the characteristics you share with this animal.

PAGE 42 1. Use the sign alphabet. Learn to say your name with your hands. Take turns with a partner to spell out your name. OA

OA 5. PLANTS

2. Use the Braille alphabet. Punch out your name on a piece of card with the tip of a ballpoint pen. Learn to read it with your fingers. Exchange names with a partner. OA

PAGE 46 1. Find out the floral emblems of these countries and complete the table. OA

2. OUR BODY

2. What flower would you like as the floral emblem of your region.

PAGE 43

OA

1. Circle the correct words. a. Cricket is an outdoor sport. b. Cricket is similar to baseball.

6. WATER

c. Cricket is played between two teams of 11 players each.

PAGE 47

d. Children’s cricket matches last about two hours and a half.

1. Tick (✓) the true sentences and cross ( ✗) the false sentences.

2. Do research on the Internet and complete the index card about cricket. OA

a. ✗; b. ✗; c. ✗; d. ✓; e. ✓; f . ✓ 2. Use the code and find the message about tsunami safety. Never try to watch a tsunami come in.

3. LIVING THINGS PAGE 44 1. Match these words from Groundhog Day to their definitions. a. groundhog: a small, brown, furry animal with short legs; b. burrow: a hole or tunnel in the ground where a small animal lives; c. hibernate: be in a dormant condition in the winter months; d. predict: forecast; e. shadow: a dark shape produced when light is blocked. 2. Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.

7. LANDSCAPES PAGE 48 1. Look at the table and answer the questions. a. in South America; b. No; c. Yes; d. in Asia; e. The largest island; f. 6,650 km long. 2. Search the Internet and complete the table with three impressive natural elements in your country. OA

a. F; b. T; c. T; d. F. Groundhog Day is a holiday in early February.

8. WATER AND LANDSCAPES

If the groundhog sees its shadow, it means that winter will continue for six more weeks.

PAGE 49 1. Circle the correct words.

4. ANIMALS

a. The Dead Sea is a salt water lake.

PAGE 45

b. Fish and plants cannot live in the Dead Sea.

1. Look on the Internet to find the animal of this year’s Chinese calendar. Find and write a list of this animal’s characteristics.

d. Its high salt content is because of its location.

OA

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c. The Dead Sea is located below sea level. e. Floating in the Dead Sea is easier than floating in the ocean.


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Culture & Festivals

OA

11. WORK PAGE 52

answer key

2. Search the Internet for information about the Great Salt Lake in Utah, United States. Write some sentences about the lake.

1. Answer the questions. a. The Olympic Games is a sporting event.

9. AIR

b. It takes place every four years.

PAGE 50

c. The Olympic Games originated in Greece.

1. Tick (✓) the true sentences and cross ( ✗) the false sentences. a. ✗; b. ✓; c. ✓; d. ✗; e. ✗; f. ✗.

2. Look on the Internet and find six cities which have celebrated the Summer Olympic Games. Where will the next games be held? Tell your partner. MA. Beijing, Athens, Sydney, Atlanta, Barcelona, Seoul.

2. Use the code and find the warning about hurricanes. Always stay inside during a hurricane. 10. WHERE WE LIVE PAGE 51 1. Look at the table and answer the questions. a. The world’s largest city is in Japan. b. Mumbai and New York have a difference in population of 400,000. c. Asia has two of the world’s largest cities. d. All of these cities are near the coast or by a river. 2. Search the Internet and find information about two more of the world’s largest metropolitan areas. OA

3. Imagine you are attending the next Summer Olympic Games. Make a list of some of the services and jobs involved in your visit. MA. services: tourism: restaurant, hotel; retail: shop; transport: aeroplane, taxi; jobs: waiter, receptionist; shop assistant; pilot, taxidriver. 12. TIME PASSES PAGE 53 1. Read and write True or False. a. False; b. False; c. True; d. False; e. True. 2. Do some research on the Internet about the Republic of Ireland and complete the table. OA


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answer key

Investigate! 1. OUR SENSES

7. LANDSCAPES

PAGE 54

PAGE 60

1. What happens when you can’t see what you are tasting? And when you can’t see or smell what you are tasting?

1. What makes your region special?

Investigate!: OA Statement: I can identify foods when I cannot see them. I cannot identify foods when I cannot see them or smell them.

Investigate!: OA Statement: I know about natural and man-made elements in my region. 8. WATER AND LANDSCAPES

2. OUR BODY

PAGE 61

PAGE 55

1. How can you describe the location of places in your school? Make a compass.

1. How much have you grown?

Investigate!: OA

Investigate!: OA Statement: I can calculate how much I have grown.

Statement: I can make and use a compass. 9. AIR

3. LIVING THINGS

PAGE 62

PAGE 56 1. Which animals and plants share the same habitat? Investigate!: OA Statement: Animals and plants adapt to their habitats.

1. Does air really take up space? Try two experiments. Investigate!: OA Statement: Air takes up space. 10. WHERE WE LIVE

4. ANIMALS

PAGE 63

PAGE 57 1. How can you classify animals? Make an index card.

1. How can you design a park for your community?

Investigate!: OA

Investigate!: OA

Statement: I can make my own animal index card.

Statement: I can design a park for my community.

5. PLANTS

11. WORK

PAGE 58

PAGE 64

1. What types of plants grow near your school?

1. What jobs are the most popular? Do a survey.

Investigate!: OA

Investigate!: OA

Statement: I can classify different plants.

Statement: I can carry out and interpret a survey about jobs.

6. WATER

12. TIME PASSES

PAGE 59 1. How long does water take to evaporate? Do this experiment.

PAGE 65 1. What is your favourite Spanish meal? Do a survey.

Investigate!: OA

Investigate!: OA

Statement: Water evaporates more slowly from a narrow glass than from a shallow bowl.

Statement: I can do a survey and represent the results in a bar chart.

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Assessment 1. OUR SENSES

answer key

PAGE 66 1. Complete the table.

action

sense

sight

touch

taste

smell

hearing

organs

eyes

skin

mouth

nose

ears

2. Use the colour key and circle the words. sight: eyelashes, retina, cornea.

d. Different areas of the tongue detect different tastes. e. Through our skin we feel pain.

hearing: cochlea, inner ear, eardrum. smell: nostrils, olfactory nerve, nasal cavity. taste: taste buds, flavour.

6. Complete the crossword about how these things feel. 1. soft; 2. cold; 3. hard; 4. hot; 5. dry.

touch: pain; texture; temperature. 2. OUR BODY 3. Complete the parts of the eye and then match them to the definitions. a. iris: It is the coloured part of the eye. b. retina: It captures the light. c. cornea: It is transparent and light passes through it. d. optic nerve: It takes the image we see to the brain. e. pupil: Light enters the eye through it. f. lens: We use it to focus. PAGE 67 4. How do we hear? Match and number the sentences in order. 1. The outer ear receives the sound. 2. The ear canal carries the sound to the middle ear. 3. The eardrum vibrates when the sound reaches it. 4. The three small bones make the sound louder. 5. The cochlea transmits the sound vibrations to the auditory nerve. 6. The auditory nerve takes the information to the brain.

PAGE 68 1. Match the word segments and write the bones. pelvis; radius; tibia; jawbone; sternum; femur; ulna; fibula. 2. Use the colour key and circle the words. bones: fibula, humerus, skull, radius, spine, tibia, ribs, ulna. muscles: abdominal, trapezius, deltoid, masseter, biceps, pectoral, calf muscle. joints: hip, shoulder, ankle, knee, elbow. PAGE 69 3. Read and tick (✓) the correct answers. a. organs; b. flexible joints; c. legs; d. involuntary movements. 4. Look at the diagram and write the names of the muscles. a. biceps; b. triceps. 5. Complete the sentences about healthy habits. a. Get enough sleep.

5. Circle the correct words in each sentence.

b. Drink six to eight glasses of water a day.

a. Smells enter our nose through the nostrils.

c. Keep your body clean.

b. The eyelid protects the eye.

d. Do regular exercise.

c. Our taste buds help us to distinguish different flavours.

e. Eat a healthy and balanced diet.


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Assessment

answer key

3. LIVING THINGS

6. Complete the sentences with the correct word.

PAGE 70

a. Animals can move from place to place.

1. Complete the sentences with living things or non-living things.

b. Plants produce seeds to make new plants.

a. living things; b. non-living things; c. living things; d. non-living things. 2. Unscramble the names of the life processes. Then, label the pictures. from left to right: reproduction; interaction; nutrition. 3. Use the clues to complete the words. Then, write one example of each type of animal. MA a. carnivores: lion; b. oviparous: frog; c. herbivores: sheep; d. omnivores: people; e. viviparous: giraffe.

c. Animals and plants adapt to their habitats. d. Animals with fins can swim. e. Most animals with wings can fly. f. Animals with legs can walk. 4. ANIMALS PAGE 72 1. Find and circle the animals. Then, classify. leopard; anteater; crab; duck; spider; dolphin; fly; bat; jellyfish; giraffe; beetle; crocodile; mussel; salamander; worm; dragonfly

PAGE 71 4. Circle six habitats. Then, write each word next to the correct picture. r

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right, top to bottom: desert; rainforest; forest.

leopard

crab

anteater

spider

duck

fly

dolphin

jellyfish

bat

beetle

giraffe

mussel

crocodile

worm

salamander

dragonfly

2. Complete the sentences with mammals, birds, fish, reptiles or amphibians. a. Most mammals, reptiles and amphibians have four legs. b. Birds have webbed feet. c. Mammals are viviparous. d. Amphibians can be terrestrial or aquatic.

3. Match the words to the definitions.

5. Use the key and colour the words. Then, write V (viviparous) or O (oviparous). carnivores:

herbivores:

omnivores:

fox, (V) lion, (V) snake, (O)

deer, (V) rabbit, (V) giraffe, (V) penguin, (V)

bear, (V) pig, (V) people, (V)

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invertebrates

e. Fish and young amphibians breathe through gills.

left, top to bottom: pond; savannah; Arctic.

106

vertebrates

vertebrates: animals that have a backbone; gills: breathing organs of some aquatic animals; shell: hard, strong protective covering. PAGE 73 4. Write T (true) or F (false). a. T; b. T; c. F; d. T; e. F; f. T.


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Assessment 5. Complete the text about invertebrates.

PAGE 75 4. Cross out the wrong words and write correct sentences. a. Evergreen trees do not lose their leaves. b. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil. c. The carpel is the female reproductive organ. d. Petals are coloured to attract insects.

answer key

Invertebrates do not have a backbone. Some invertebrates have a shell or an exoskeleton. For example, crabs have thick exoskeletons, and beetles have thin exoskeletons. Other invertebrates, like worms, do not have a protective covering. Their bodies are divided into segments. They live under the ground and eat dead plants in the soil.

e. Seeds germinate and grow a root and a stem.

6. Unscramble the letters. Then, label the parts of the insect.

5. Look at the pictures and classify the fruits.

left, top to bottom: thorax; antenna; head; eye.

fleshy fruit: banana, peach, pear; dry fruit: acorn, peanut, walnut.

right, top to bottom: wing; abdomen; leg. 5. PLANTS

6. Match the words to their definitions. Then, put the sentences in order to show the life cycle of plants.

PAGE 74

1. Flowers grow on the adult tree.

1. Circle and write eight parts of plants.

2. The seeds form inside the carpels. 3. The carpels grow into fruits.

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6. The baby plant makes its own food and grows into an adult tree.

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2. Read, then write the correct word.

4. The ripe fruits fall to the ground and release seeds.

6. WATER PAGE 76 1. What kind of water can you find in these places? Tick (✓) the correct boxes. salt water: seas, lakes, oceans; fresh water: glaciers, rivers, lakes, aquifers. 2. Look at the picture and match. Then write S (solid) or L (liquid) next to each word. 1. snow, (S); 2. rain, (L); 3. clouds, (L); 4. sea, (L); 5. river, (L); 6. groundwater, (L).

a. Plants adapt to their environment. b. Deciduous trees grow new leaves in spring.

3. Write examples.

c. Leaves make food for the plant.

MA

d. Bees make honey with pollen from flowers.

Water in a solid state: ice, snow, glaciers.

e. Some fruits, like peaches have a stone inside.

Water in a liquid state: rain, rivers, seas, lakes, groundwater, oceans.

f. Dry fruits, such as acorns contain very little water. 3. Look at this plant. Read and circle. a. This is a grass. b. Its stem is thin and soft. c. It grows close to the ground.

Water in a gaseous state: water vapour. PAGE 77 4. Read and tick (✓) the correct answers. a. glaciers; b. water vapour; c. moving; d. a few days; e. reservoirs.


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Assessment

answer key

5. Unscramble the stages of the water cycle. Then, write the correct stage for each definition. a. condensation; b. collection; c. evaporation; d. precipitation.

PAGE 79 3. Circle five coastal elements and label the pictures.

6. Circle six uses of water and write the words.

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beach

7. LANDSCAPES

bay

PAGE 78 1. Label the elements in the picture. Then, classify them. peninsula

mountain

cliff

forest

island

village road bridge

4. Natural change or man-made change? Write. river natural elements: forest, mountain, river; man-made elements: village, bridge, road.

8. WATER AND LANDSCAPES PAGE 80

2. Use the colour key and circle the words. mountain landscape:

flat landscape:

coastal landscape:

slope hill valley mountain range summit

plain plateau

cliff peninsula island archipelago beach bay

108 411706 _ 0090-0112.indd 108

left photo: This is a man-made change. right photo: This is a natural change.

1. Read and tick (✓) the correct answers. a. Rivers start in the mountains. b. Water in the course of the river flows quickly. c. Lakes and reservoirs are large areas of still water. d. Our planet has five oceans. e. A compass has a magnetic needle that always points north.


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Assessment 2. Label the courses of the river. right: middle course. 3. Write a characteristic for each course of the river. MA upper course: water flows quickly. middle course: this part is wider and slower. lower course: this is where a river joins the sea or an ocean. PAGE 81 4. Complete the sentences and match them to the correct pictures. a. We can use river water to generate electricity. b. Some animals use ocean currents to travel. c. The land next to rivers is good for farming.

properties of air: no shape; no smell; weight; invisible; no taste. uses of air: fly; inflate; breathe underwater; produce electricity. 3. Complete the text about air pollution.

answer key

left, top to bottom: upper course; lower course.

2. Circle the words related to the properties of air in blue, and the words related to the uses of air in green.

When air is contaminated, there is air pollution. Many human activities release harmful gases into the atmosphere. Too much carbon dioxide from cars causes air pollution. In order to prevent air pollution, we should walk or use public transport. PAGE 83 4. Circle the four basic elements of weather and write them next to their definition. precipitation; wind; temperature; humidity. a. temperature; b. precipitation; c. wind; d. humidity.

d. Lakes form naturally. Photos from left to right: d; a; c; b. 5. Cross out the wrong words and write correct sentences.

5. Unscramble the names of the weather instruments. Then, match. weather vane: It indicates the direction of wind. thermometer: It measures the temperature of the air.

a. As rivers flow across flat lands, they get wider and slower.

anemometer: It measures the speed of wind.

b. The mouth of a river is the place where it ends.

hygrometer: It measures the humidity of the air.

c. A dam is a strong wall that stops the flow of a river.

rain gauge: It measures precipitation.

d. There are five oceans: the Arctic, the Antarctic, the Indian, the Atlantic and the Pacific. e. A compass has a magnetic needle. 6. What map do you use? Solve the riddles. tourist map; relief map. 9. AIR PAGE 82 1. Read and tick (✓) the correct answers. a. The Earth’s atmosphere is made up of air. b. The two main gases in the atmosphere are nitrogen and oxygen. c. Animals and people breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. d. Fish absorb oxygen from water throw their gills. e. Plants release oxygen into the atmosphere.

6. Write each word under the correct picture. Cross ( ✗) the odd word out. from left to right: tornado; flood; thunderstorm; drought. 10. WHERE WE LIVE PAGE 84 1. Copy the words in the correct order to write definitions about population. a. Population is the number of inhabitants of a village, a city, or a whole country. b. A census is a list of the inhabitants of a place. c. A population graph shows the number of inhabitants of a place for each year. 2. Look at the population graph and answer the questions. a. increasing; b. no; c. about 44,000; d. about 46,000.


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Assessment

answer key

PAGE 85 3. Look at the map. Write the letter and number of the square for each building. Then, draw two more places on the map and write their name and location. museum: E1; church: D3; library: B3; sports centre: H3. 4. Circle eight means of transport. Write them and colour the ones that can carry a lot of people.

5. Are these raw materials or manufactured products? Look and write. from left to right: raw materials; manufactured products; manufactured products; manufactured products; raw materials; raw materials. 12. TIME PASSES PAGE 88 1. Circle the time periods. Then, write them in order from the shortest to the longest.

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century; minute; week; decade; hour; year; month; day; millennium; second.

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second; minute; hour; day; week; month; year; decade; century; millennium.

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2. Complete the sentences with personal history or family history.

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a. personal history; b. family history; c. personal history; d. family history; e. family history.

means of transport that can carry a lot of people: train; bus; aeroplane; ship.

3. Look at the photos and write tradition or festival. festival; tradition; tradition; festival.

11. WORK

PAGE 89

PAGE 86

4. Unscramble the letters and label the pictures of the historical records.

1. Circle the jobs. Then, classify them into sectors. miner; pilot; farmer; builder; fisherman; musician; factory worker; teacher; lumberjack; hotel receptionist. primary sector: miner, farmer, fisherman, lumberjack; secondary sector: builder, factory worker; tertiary sector: pilot, teacher, hotel receptionist, musician. 2. Match. dry crops: grapes, cereals and olives; livestock: sheep, pigs and cows; crop farming: plants for food, clothes and medicines; forestry: wood; irrigated crops: rice and tomatoes. PAGE 87 3. Use the words to complete the text. In the secondary sector, workers transform raw materials into manufactured products. These products are mass produced in factories. Many workers work on assembly lines. In this way, products are made quickly and cheaply.

book; aqueduct; city walls; painting. 5. Match. Nowadays: People live in houses or flats in tall buildings. Hundreds of years ago: Poor people lived in simple houses near castle walls. Noblemen lived in castles. Thousands of years ago: People lived in caves or huts near rivers. 6. Complete the sentences with the correct words. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. The first telephones were very big and expensive. The first mobile phone was invented in 1973. The most modern mobile phones are called smartphones. Smartphones can be connected to the Internet.

4. What type of service is provided when you... a. transport; b. health care; c. retail; d. tourism; e. entertainment.

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Essential Science Plus 3 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education Department at Santillana. Writer: Belén Garrido Managing editor: Sheila Tourle Editorial team: Vassilia Katte and Sheila Klaiber Art director: José Crespo Design coordinator: Rosa Marín Design Team: Interiors design: Jorge Gómez Tobar Cover design: Pep Carrió Cover illustration: Martín León Barreto Design development coordinator: Javier Tejeda Design development: José Luis García and Raúl de Andrés Technical director: Ángel García Encinar Technical coordinator: Marisa Valbuena Layout: Hilario Simón and Alfonso García Art coordination: Carlos Aguilera Illustrations: Carolina Temprado, Marina Gómez, Pablo Hidalgo Photo research: Amparo Rodríguez A. Guerra; A. Real; C. Díez Polanco; C. Jiménez/photoAlquimia; C. Roca; GARCÍA-PELAYO/Juancho; J. Escandell.com; J. Jaime; J. Lucas; J. V. Resino; KAIBIDE DE CARLOS FOTÓGRAFOS; L. Gallo; L. M. Iglesias; M. G. Vicente; O. Michelón; O. Torres; P. Carrió/S. Sánchez; R. Manent; S. Padura; A. G. E. FOTOSTOCK/Rob Crandall; DIGITALVISION; EFE/Esteban Cobo; EFE/A.F.P PHOTO/John Althouse; EFE/SIPA-PRESS/HOUSTON POST; GETTY IMAGES SALES SPAIN/Photos.com Plus, Thinkstock; HIGHRES PRESS STOCK/AbleStock.com; I. PREYSLER; ISTOCKPHOTO/Getty Images Sales Spain; MELBA AGENCY; MUSEUM ICONOGRAFÍA/J. Martin; PHOTODISC; SEIS X SEIS; BLOM Sistemas Geoespaciales; M. Ortega/J. Frías; MATTON-BILD; MUSEO PROVINCIAL, LUGO; MUSEO SANTA CRUZ, TOLEDO; SERIDEC PHOTOIMAGENES CD; ARCHIVO SANTILLANA.

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the copyright holders. Any infraction of the rights mentioned would be considered a violation of the intellectual property (Article 270 of the Penal Code). If you need to photocopy or scan any fragment of this work, contact CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos, www.cedro.org). However, the publisher grants permission for the photocopying of those pages marked ‘photocopiable’, for individual use or for use in classes taught by the purchaser only. Under no circumstances may any part of this book be photocopied for resale.

© 2012 by Santillana Educación, S. L. / Richmond Publishing Avenida de los Artesanos, 6 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid Richmond Publishing is an imprint of Santillana Educación, S. L.

Richmond Publishing 58 St Aldates Oxford OX1 ST United Kingdom

PRINTED IN SPAIN

ISBN: 978-84-680-1346-6 CP: 411706 D.L.:

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Essencial Sciencie Plus 3

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