Ckldrth` skm`kehc7 Dc Ukm`kehtn dm ch Enmstktuekõm Dsphønch. Dcdeeknmds skm`kehcds sdj÷m ch Cdy `d õrjhmns `d rdprdsdmthekõm y dc Dsthtutn Lèsken `dc Dipcdh`n R÷lcken. Dc `drdefn `d fudcjh. Uhcu` y prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds \DAD\DMEKHU CDJKUCHPKQHU
PDIH
81
Enmstktuekõm Dsphønch, `d <: `d `kekdilrd `d 8;:6, euyh ÷ctkih in`kakehekõm sd fh prn`uek`n pnr \danrih `dc hrtéeucn 854, `d <: `d sdptkdilrd `d <288 Cdy Nrjèmkeh 88/8;64, `d < `d hjnstn, `d Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc, euyh ÷ctkih in`kakehekõm sd fh prn`uek`n pnr Cdy Nrjèmkeh ;/<288, `d <: `d guckn, `d `drdefns y `dldrds `d cns ikdilrns `d chs Audrzhs Hrih`hs Hrih` hs Cdy Nrjèmkeh 1/8;64, `d 8 `d guckn, `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc, euyh ÷ctkih in`kakehekõm sd fh prn`uek`n pnr Cdy Nrjèmkeh 85/<284, `d 4 `d netulrd, `d in`kakehekõm `d ch Cdy `d Dmgukekhikdmtn Erkikmhc phrh dc anrthcdekikdmtn `d chs jhrhmtéhs prnedshcds y ch rdjuchekõm `d chs id`k`hs `d kmvdstkjhekõm tdemncõjkeh Cdy ;/8;6:, `d 8< `d gumkn, rdjuch`nrh `d cns õrjhmns `d rdprdsdmthekõm, `dtdrikmhekõm `d enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn y phrtkekphekõm, euyh ÷ctkih in`kakehekõm sd fh prn`uek`n pnr \dhc @derdtn-cdy <2/<28<, `d 85 `d guckn, `d id`k`hs phrh jhrhmtkzhr ch dsthlkck`h` prdsupudsthrkh y `d anidmtn `d ch enipdtktkvk`h` \dhc @derdtn Cdjkschtkvn 4/<284, `d 52 `d netulrd, pnr dc qud sd hprudlh dc tdxtn rdaum`k`n `d ch Cdy `dc Dsthtutn Lèsken `dc Dipcdh`n R÷lcken \dhc @derdtn-Cdy 8:/8;::, `d 0 `d ihrzn, snlrd rdcheknmds `d trhlhgn, euyh ÷ctkih in`kakehekõm sd fh prn`uek`n pnr Udmtdmekh 88/8;68 `dc Rcdmn `dc Prklumhc Enmstktueknmhc `d 6 `d Hlrkc `d 8;68 \dhc @derdtn :44/8;6:, `d 8; `d gumkn, pnr dc qud sd dsthlcdedm mnrihs phrh jhrhmtkzhr ch prdsthekõm `d sdrvkekns iémkins dm cns õrjhmns `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm `d Gustkekh, euyh ÷ctkih in`k akehekõ ake hekõmm sd fh prn` prn`uek` uek`nn pnr \dhc @der @derdtn dtn 850; 850;/8;; /8;;8, 8, `d 85 `d sdptkdilrd, pnr dc qud sd in`kakeh dc \dhc @derdtn :44/8;6: `d 8;
`d gumkn, kmenrpnrèm`nsd chs sulhsths gu`kekhcds h ch rdchekõm `d sdrvkekns dsdmekhcds mdedshrkns phrh jhrhmtkzhr dc aumeknmhikdmtn `d cns õrjhmns gu`kekhcds hmtd sktuheknmds `d fudcjh `d sus aumeknmhrkns Cdy 58/8;;4, `d 6 `d mnvkdilrd, `d Rrdvdmekõm `d \kdsjns Chlnrhcds, euyh ÷ctkih in`kakehekõm sd fh prn`uek`n pnr Cdy 54/<280, `d <1 `d `kekdilrd, pnr ch qud sd in`kakeh dc tdxtn rdaum`k`n `d ch Cdy Jdmdrhc `d ch Udjurk`h` Unekhc dm rdchekõm enm dc rëjkidm guré`ken `d chs Iutuhs `d Heek`dmtds `d Prhlhgn y Dmadrid`h`ds Rrnadsknmhcds `d ch Udjurk`h` Unekhc KKK Enmvdmkn encdetkvn ÷mken phrh dc pdrsnmhc chlnrhc `d ch H`ikmk H`i kmkstr strhek hekõm õm Jdm Jdmdrhc drhc `dc Dsth Dsth`n, `n, euyh ÷ct ÷ctkih kih in` in`kak kakehehekõm sd fh prn`uek`n pnr Heudr`n EDEK\ `d 58 `d dmdrn `d <28:
LKLCKNJ\HAÉH Nrkjdm `d cns `neuidmtns dmchzh`ns7 Hjdmekh Dsththc `dc Lncdtém Nakekhc `dc Dsth`n. Mnvkdilrd <28:
NLGDPKQNU Dxpckehr dm quë enmskstd ch ckldrth` skm`kehc y ch ckldrth` `d skm`kehekõm, su rdjuchekõm dm ch Enmstktuekõm, hsé enin dm ch Cdy Nrjèmkeh 88/8;64, `d < `d hjnstn, `d Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc Dstu`khr dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc skm`kehc y sus ahsds, sdj÷m chs `kspnskeknmds dsthlcdek`hs dm dc Dsthtutn Lèsken `dc Dipcdh`n R÷lcken Enmnedr chs `kspnskeknmds y mnrihtkvh hpckehlcd hc dgdrekekn `dc `drdefn `d fudcjh Hmhckzhr Hmhck zhr ch mnrih mnrihtkvh tkvh rdche rdcheknmh knmh`h `h h ch c h shcu` sh cu` y prdvdme p rdvdmekõm kõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
8.
CKLD\PH@ UKM@KEHC. DC UKM@KEHPN DM CH ENMUPKPTEKÕM DURHØNCH
8.8 Ckldrth` skm`kehc Rnr @drdefn Ukm`kehc sd dmtkdm`d dc skstdih `d mnrihs guré`kehs `d dsthlcdekikdmtn dsththc y prn`uetn `d ch hutnmniéh encdetkvh qud rdjuchm chs rdcheknmds dmtrd cns skm`kehtns u ntrhs kmstktueknmds encdetkvhs `d rdprdsdmthekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds `d umh phrtd, y ntrns sugdtns, sdhm diprdshrkns km`kvk`uhcds, hsnekheknmds diprdshrkhcds n H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs, `d ntrh. Dc hspdetn encdetkvn `dc @drdefn `dc Prhlhgn gustkakeh umh enmsk`drhekõm sdphrh`h `dc @drdefn Ukm`kehc qud narded pdrakcds prnpkns qud `drkvhm `d su èilktn `d hpckehekõm dspdeéaken. H ch vksth `d dccn, dc skm`kehtn pud`d `dakmkrsd enin umh hsnekhekõm pdrihmdmtd y hutõmnih, skm akm `d cuern, `d trhlhgh`nrds pnr eudmth hgdmh phrh dc prnjrdsn denmõiken y snekhc `d sus ikdilrns, hsé enin dc ihmtdmkikdmtn y idgnrh `d sus enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn h trhvës `d ch mdjnekhekõm encdetkvh. Uus ehrhetdréstkehs snm7 8) Ds umh hsnekhekõm, um dmtd enm pdrsnmhck`h` prnpkh `kstkmth `d ch `d sus hsnekh`ns. Dc skm`kehtn vkdmd rdjuch`n pnr Cdy Nrjèmkeh 88/8;64, `d < `d hjnstn, `d Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc. <) Ds umh hsnekhekõm pdrihmdmtd enm um phtrkinmkn h`serktn hc euipckikdmtn `d sus akmds. 5) Ds umh hsnekhekõm hutõmnih, pnr cn qud chs mnrihs tkdm`dm h kipd`kr su sulnr`kmhekõm hc Dsth`n, diprdshrkns u ntrns dmtds. 0) Ukm akm `d cuern, phrh dc ihmtdmkikdmtn y idgnrh `d chs enm`keknmds enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn. 4) Ds umh hsnekhekõm `d trhlhgh`nrds pnr eudmth hgdmh, ckjh`ns h diprdshrkns pnr enmtrhtns `d trhlhgn.
Cdy Nrjèmkeh `d Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
8.< Ckldrth` `d skm`kehekõm. skm`kehekõm. Uu `dadmsh Dc hrt. : `d ch Enmstktuekõm enmshjrh ch ckldrth` skm`kehc, hc dsthlcdedr qud cns skm`kehtns `d trhlhgh`nrds y chs hsnekheknmds diprdshrkhcds enmtrkluydm h ch `dadmsh y prninekõm `d cns kmtdrdsds denmõikens y snekhcds qud cds snm prnpkns. Phmtn su erdhekõm enin su hetkvk`h` snm cklrds `dmtrn `dc ihren cdjhc y su dstrueturh d strueturh kmtdrmh y aumeknmhikdmtn fhm `d sdr `dinerètkens. Dc hrt. <6 `d ch Enmstktuekõm hakrih qud tn`ns tkdmdm `drdefn h skm`kehrsd, y rdenjd cns dcdidmtns `d dstd `drdefn7 - Dc `drdefn h aum`hr skm`kehtns. - Dc `drdefn h hakckhrsd hc skm`kehtn qud umn dckgh dmtrd cns dxkstdmtds. - Dc `drdefn `d cns skm`kehtns h anrihr enmad`drheknmds. - Dc `drdefn h aum`hr nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds skm`kehcds kmtdrmheknmhcds n hakckhrsd h chs iksihs. d`ktnrkhc } edp
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Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
Pnid mnth Hrtéeucn 68 `d ch Enmstktuekõm7
Unm cdyds nrjèmkehs chs rdchtkvhs hc `dshrrnccn `d cns `drdefns aum`hidmthcds y `d chs ckldrth`ds p÷lckehs, chs qud hprudldm cns Dsthtutns `d Hutnmniéh y dc rëjkidm dcdetnrhc jdmdrhc y chs `diès prdvksths dm ch Enmstktuekõm. Ch hprnlhekõm, in`kakehekõm n `drnjhekõm `d chs cdyds nrjèmkehs dxkjkrè ihynréh hlsncuth `dc Enmjrdsn, dm umh vnthekõm akmhc snlrd dc enmgumtn `dc prnydetn.
Dc aumeknmhikdmtn y ch dstrueturh kmtdrmh `dinerètkens dm cns skm`kehtns sd ihmkakdsthm dm7 - Ch ckldrth` `d enmstktuekõm y hakckhekõm. - Ch prnpkh nrjhmkzhekõm, snidtk`h ÷mkehidmtd h cns céiktds jdmdrhcds enmtdmk`ns dm cns prkmekpkns aum`hidmthcds `dc nr`dmhikdmtn guré`ken. Ch rdjuchekõm qud ch Enmstktuekõm rdhckzh `d cns skm`kehtns y `dc `drdefn h skm`kehrsd, `dmtrn `d ch Udeekõm `d cns `drdefns aum`hidmthcds y chs ckldrth`ds p÷lckehs, supnmd trds enmsdeudmekhs kipnrthmtds7 h) Chs mnrihs rdchtkvhs h cns `drdefns y ckldrth`ds aum`hidmthcds fhm `d kmtdrprdthrsd `d enmanrik`h` enm ch @dechrhekõm Tmkvdrshc `d @drdefns Fuihmns y cns Prhth`ns Kmtdrmheknmhcds snlrd cns iksins, rhtkakeh`ns pnr Dsphøh (Rhetn Kmtdrmheknmhc `d @drdefns Ekvkcds y Rncétkens, y Enmvdmkns 6; y ;6 `d ch Nrjhmkzhekõm Kmtdrmheknmhc `dc Prhlhgn). l) Dc `dsh `dshrrnc rrnccn cn cdj cdjksch kschtkvn tkvn `d ch ckld ckldrth` rth` skm` skm`kehc kehc dxk dxkjd jd cdy nrjèmkeh (CN 88/8;64, `d < `d hjnstn), thc y enin prdvkdmd dc hrt. 68.8 ED. e) Euhcqukdr eku`h`hmn pud`d `dadm`drsd `d cns hthquds h su ckldrth` skm`kehc pnr ch véh `dc rdeursn `d hiphrn n pnr dc prned`kikdmtn phrh ch prntdeekõm `d cns `drdefns aum`hidmthcds `d ch pdrsnmh hmtd cns Prklumhcds nr`kmhrkns.
<.
DCDEEKNMDU UKM@KEHCDU UDJ×M CH CD[ @D Õ\JHMNU @D \DR\DUDMPHEKÕM [ DC DUPHPTPN LÈUKEN @DC DIRCDH@N R×LCKEN
<.8 \djuchekõm enmtdmk`h dm dc Dsthtutn Lèsken `dc Dipcdh`n R÷lcken. Ehpétucn KQ, @drdefn h ch mdjnekhekõ mdjnekhekõm m encdetkvh, rdprdsdmthekõm rdprdsdmthe kõm y phrtkekphekõ phrtkekphekõm m kmstktueknmhc. @drdefn `d rdumkõm H. Rrkmekpkns jdmdrhcds Cns dipcdh`ns p÷lckens tkdmdm `drdefn h ch mdjnekhekõm encdetkvh, rdprdsdmthekõm y phrtkekphekõm kmstktueknmhc phrh ch `dtdrikmhekõm `d sus enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn. Rnr mdjnekhekõm encdetkvh, h cns dadetns `d dsth cdy, sd dmtkdm`d dc `drdefn h mdjnekhr ch `dtdrikmhekõm `d enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn `d cns dipcdh`ns `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm R÷lckeh.
411
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
Rnr rdprdsdmthekõm, h cns dadetns `d dsth cdy, sd dmtkdm`d ch aheucth` `d dcdjkr rdprdsdmthmtds y enmstktukr õrjhmns umkthrkns h trhvës `d cns euhcds sd kmstruidmtd ch kmtdrcneuekõm dmtrd chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs y sus dipcdh`ns. Rnr phrtkekphekõm kmstktueknmhc, h cns dadetns `d dsth cdy, sd dmtkdm`d dc `drdefn h phrtkekphr, h trhvës `d chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds, dm cns õrjhmns `d enmtrnc y sdjukikdmtn `d chs dmtk`h`ds u nrjhmksins qud cdjhcidmtd sd `dtdrikmd. Dc dgdrekekn `d cns `drdefns dsthlcdek`ns dm dstd hrtéeucn sd jhrhmtkzh y sd ccdvh h ehln h trhvës `d cns õrjhmns y skstdihs dspdeéakens rdjuch`ns dm dc prdsdmtd ehpétucn, skm pdrgukekn `d ntrhs anrihs `d ench lnrhekõm dmtrd chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs y sus dipcdh`ns dipcdh`ns p÷lckens n cns rdprdsdmthmtds `d ëstns. Chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds iès rdprdsdmthtkvhs dm dc èilktn `d ch Aumekõm R÷lckeh dstèm cdjktkih`hs phrh ch kmtdrpnskekõm `d rdeursns dm véh h`ikmkstrhtkvh y gurks`keeknmhc enmtrh chs rdsncueknmds `d cns õrjhmns `d sdcdeekõm. Dc dgdrekekn `d cns `drdefns dsthlcdek`ns dm dstd ehpétucn `dldrè rdspdthr dm tn`n ehsn dc enmtdmk`n `dc prdsdmtd Dsthtutn y chs cdyds `d `dshrrnccn prdvksths dm dc iksin. Cns prned`kikdmtns phrh `dtdrikmhr enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn dm chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs tdm`rèm dm eudmth chs prdvksknmds dsthlcdek`hs dm cns enmvdmkns y heudr`ns `d ehrèetdr kmtdrmheknmhc rhtkakeh`ns pnr Dsphøh.
L. Mdjnekhekõm encdetkvh, rdprdsdmthekõm y phrtkekphekõm phrtkekphekõm `dc pdrsnmhc pdrsnmhc chlnrhc Ch mdjnekhekõm encdetkvh, rdprdsdmthekõm y phrtkekphekõm `d cns dipcdh`ns p÷lckens enm enmtrhtn chlnrhc sd rdjkrè pnr ch cdjkschekõm chlnrhc, skm pdrgukekn `d cns prdedptns `d dstd ehpétucn qud dxprdshidmtd cds snm `d hpckehekõm. Ud jhrhmtkzh dc euipckikdmtn `d cns enmvdmkns encdetkvns y heudr`ns qud hadetdm hc pdrsnmhc chlnrhc, shcvn euhm`n dxedpeknmhcidmtd y pnr ehush jrhvd `d kmtdrës p÷lcken `drkvh`h `d umh hctdrhekõm susthmekhc `d chs ekreumsthmekhs denmõikehs, cns õrjhmns `d jnlkdrmn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs suspdm`hm n in`kakqudm dc euipckikdmtn `d enmvdmkns encdetkvns n heudr`ns yh akrih`ns dm ch id`k`h dstrkethidmtd mdedshrkh phrh shcvhjuhr`hr dc kmtdrës p÷lcken. Dm dstd supudstn, chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs `dldrèm kmanrihr h chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds `d chs ehushs `d ch suspdmskõm n in`kakehekõm. H cns dadetns `d cns prdvkstn dm dstd hphrth`n, sd dmtdm`drè, dmtrd ntrhs, qud enmeurrd ehush jrhvd `d kmtdrës p÷lcken `drkvh`h `d ch hctdrhekõm susthmekhc `d chs ekreumsthmekhs denmõikehs euhm`n chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs `dlhm h`npthr id`k`hs n pchmds `d hgustd, `d rddqukcklrkn `d chs eudmths p÷lckehs n `d ehrèetdr denmõiken akmhmekdrn phrh hsdjurhr ch dsthlkck`h` prdsupudsthrkh n ch enrrdeekõm `dc `ëakekt p÷lcken.
E. Mdjnekhekõm encdetkvh Ch mdjnekhekõm encdetkvh `d enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn `d cns aumeknmhrkns p÷lckens qud dsthrè sugdth h cns prkmekpkns `d cdjhck`h`, enldrturh prdsupudsthrkh, nlckjhtnrkd`h`, ludmh ad mdjnekhc, pulckek`h` y trhmsphrdmekh, sd dadetuhrè id`khmtd dc dgdrekekn `d ch ehphek`h` rdprdsdmthtkvh rdenmnek`h h chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds dm cns hrtéeucns 1.5.e)? :.8 y :.< `d ch Cdy Nrjèmkeh 88/8;64, `d < `d hjnstn, `d Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc, y cn prdvkstn dm dstd ehpétucn. H dstd dadetn, sd enmstktukrèm Idshs `d Mdjnekhekõm dm chs qud dsthrèm cdjktkih`ns phrh dsthr prdsdmtds, pnr umh phrtd, cns rdprdsdmthmtds `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm R÷lckeh enrrdspnm`kdmtd, y pnr ntrh, chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds iès rdprdsdmthtkvhs h mkvdc dsththc, chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds iès rdprdsdmd`ktnrkhc } edp
41:
Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
thtkvhs `d eniumk`h` hutõmnih, hsé enin cns skm`kehtns qud fhyhm nltdmk`n dc 82 pnr 822 n iès `d cns rdprdsdmthmtds dm chs dcdeeknmds phrh @dcdjh`ns y Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc, dm chs umk`h`ds dcdetnrhcds eniprdm`k`hs dm dc èilktn dspdeéaken `d su enmstktuekõm. Chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs pn`rèm dmehrjhr dc `dshrrnccn `d chs hetkvk`h`ds `d mdjnekhekõm encdetkvh h õrjhmns erdh`ns pnr dcchs, `d mhturhcdzh dstrkethidmtd tëemkeh, qud nstdmthrèm su rdprdsdmthekõm dm ch mdjnekhekõm encdetkvh prdvkhs chs kmstrueeknmds pncétkehs enrrdspnm`kdmtds y skm pdrgukekn `d ch rhtkakehekõm `d cns heudr`ns hcehmzh`ns pnr cns õrjhmns `d jnlkdrmn n h`ikmkstrhtkvns enm enipdtdmekh phrh dccn.
@. Idshs `d Mdjnekhekõm H cns dadetns `d ch mdjnekhekõm encdetkvh `d cns aumeknmhrkns p÷lckens, sd enmstktukrè umh Idsh Jdmdrhc `d Mdjnekhekõm dm dc èilktn `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm Jdmdrhc `dc Dsth`n, hsé enin dm eh`h umh `d chs Eniumk`h`ds Hutõmnihs, eku`h`ds `d Eduth y Idckcch y Dmtk`h`ds Cnehcds. Ud rdenmned ch cdjktkihekõm mdjnekhc `d chs hsnekheknmds `d iumkekpkns, hsé enin ch `d chs Dmtk`h`ds Cnehcds `d èilktn suprhiumkekphc. H thcds dadetns, cns iumkekpkns pn`rèm h`fdrkrsd enm ehrèetdr prdvkn n `d ihmdrh suedskvh h ch mdjnekhekõm encdetkvh qud sd ccdvd h ehln dm dc èilktn enrrdspnm`kdmtd. Hskiksin, umh H`ikmkstrhekõm n Dmtk`h` R÷lckeh pn`rè h`fdrkrsd h cns heudr`ns hcehmzh`ns `dmtrn `dc tdrrktnrkn `d eh`h eniumk`h` hutõmnih, n h cns heudr`ns hcehmzh`ns dm um èilktn suprhiumkekphc. Unm enipdtdmekhs prnpkhs `d chs Idshs Jdmdrhcds ch mdjnekhekõm `d chs ihtdrkhs rdcheknmh`hs enm enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn eniumds h cns aumeknmhrkns `d su èilktn. @dpdm`kdm`n `d chs Idshs Jdmdrhcds `d Mdjnekhekõm y pnr heudr`n `d chs iksihs pn`rèm enmstktukrsd Idshs Udetnrkhcds, dm htdmekõm h chs enm`keknmds dspdeéakehs `d trhlhgn `d chs nrjhmkzheknmds h`ikmkstrhtkvhs hadeth`hs n h chs pdeuckhrk`h`ds `d sdetnrds enmerdtns `d aumeknmhrkns p÷lckens y h su m÷idrn. Ch enipdtdmekh `d chs Idshs Udetnrkhcds sd dxtdm`drè h cns tdihs eniumds h cns aumeknmhrkns `dc sdetnr qud mn fhyhm sk`n nlgdtn `d `dekskõm pnr phrtd `d ch Idsh Jdmdrhc rdspdetkvh n h cns qud ësth dxpcéekthidmtd cds rddmvéd n `dcdjud. Dc prnedsn `d mdjnekhekõm sd hlrkrè, dm eh`h Idsh, dm ch adefh qud, `d eni÷m heudr`n, akgdm ch H`ikmkstrhekõm enrrdspnm`kdmtd y ch ihynréh `d ch rdprdsdmthekõm skm`kehc. H ahcth `d heudr`n, dc prnedsn sd kmkekhrè dm dc pchzn ièxkin `d um ids `ds`d qud ch ihynréh `d umh `d chs phrtds cdjktkih`hs cn prniudvh, shcvn qud dxksthm ehushs cdjhcds n pheth`hs qud cn kipk`hm. Hilhs phrtds dsthrèm nlckjh`hs h mdjnekhr lhgn dc prkmekpkn `d ch ludmh ad y prnpnreknmhrsd iutuhidmtd ch kmanrihekõm qud prdeksdm rdchtkvh h ch mdjnekhekõm.
D. Enmstktuekõm y enipnskekõm `d chs chs Idshs `d Mdjnekhekõm Chs Idshs h qud sd rdakdrdm cns hrtéeucns 50, 51.5 y `kspnskekõm h`keknmhc `un`ëekih `d dstd Dsthtutn qud`hrèm vèck`hidmtd enmstktuk`hs euhm`n, h`diès `d ch rdprdsdmthekõm `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm enrrdspnm`kdmtd, y skm pdrgukekn `dc `drdefn `d tn`hs chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds cdjktkih`hs h phrtkekphr dm dcchs dm prnpnrekõm h su rdprdsdmthtkvk`h`, thcds nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds rdprdsdmtdm, enin iémkin, ch ihynréh hlsncuth `d cns ikdilrns `d cns õrjhmns umkthrkns `d rdprdsdmthekõm dm dc èilktn `d qud sd trhtd. Chs vhrkheknmds dm ch rdprdsdmthtkvk`h` skm`kehc, h dadetns `d in`kakehekõm dm ch enipnskekõm `d chs Idshs `d Mdjnekhekõm, sdrèm herd`kth`hs pnr chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds kmtdrdsh`hs, id`khmtd dc enrrdspnm`kdmtd edrtkakeh`n `d ch Nakekmh R÷lckeh `d \djkstrn enipdtdmtd, eh`h `ns høns h phrtkr `d ch adefh kmkekhc `d enmstktuekõm `d chs ekth`hs Idshs. 416
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
Ch `dskjmhekõm `d cns enipnmdmtds `d chs Idshs enrrdspnm`drè h chs phrtds mdjnekh`nrhs qud pn`rèm enmthr enm ch hskstdmekh dm chs `dckldrheknmds `d hsdsnrds, qud kmtdrvdm`rèm enm vnz, pdrn skm vntn. Dm chs mnrihs `d `dshrrnccn `dc prdsdmtd Dsthtutn sd dsthlcdedrè ch enipnskekõm muiërkeh `d chs Idshs enrrdspnm`kdmtds h sus èilktns, skm qud mkmjumh `d chs phrtds pud`h supdrhr dc m÷idrn `d qukmed ikdilrns.
A. Idshs Jdmdrhcds `d Mdjnekhekõm Ud enmstktuyd umh Idsh Jdmdrhc `d Mdjnekhekõm `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs. Ch rdprdsdmthekõm `d ësths sdrè umkthrkh, dsthrè prdsk`k`h pnr ch H`ikmkstrhekõm Jdmdrhc `dc Dsth`n y enmthrè enm rdprdsdmthmtds `d chs Eniumk`h`ds Hutõmnihs, `d chs eku`h`ds `d Eduth y Idckcch y `d ch Ad`drhekõm Dsphønch `d Iumkekpkns y Rrnvkmekhs, dm aumekõm `d chs ihtdrkhs h mdjnekhr. Ch rdprdsdmthekõm `d chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds cdjktkih`hs phrh dsthr prdsdmtds `d heudr`n enm cn `kspudstn dm cns hrtéeucns 1 y : `d ch Cdy Nrjèmkeh 88/8;64, `d < `d hjnstn, `d Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc, sd `kstrklukrè dm aumekõm `d cns rdsucth`ns nltdmk`ns dm chs dcdeeknmds h cns õrjhmns `d rdprdsdmthekõm `dc pdrsnmhc, @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc, Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc y Eniktës `d Diprdsh, dm dc enmgumtn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs. Udrèm ihtdrkhs nlgdtn `d mdjnekhekõm dm dsth Idsh chs rdcheknmh`hs dm dc hrtéeucn 5: `d dstd Dsthtutn qud rdsuctdm susedptklcds `d rdjuchekõm dsththc enm ehrèetdr `d mnrih lèskeh, skm pdrgukekn `d cns heudr`ns h qud pud`hm ccdjhr chs eniumk`h`ds hutõmnihs dm su enrrdspnm`kdmtd èilktn tdrrktnrkhc dm vkrtu` `d sus enipdtdmekhs dxecuskvhs y eniphrtk`hs dm ihtdrkh `d Aumekõm R÷lckeh. Udrè dspdeéakehidmtd nlgdtn `d mdjnekhekõm dm dc èilktn `d ch Idsh Jdmdrhc `d Mdjnekhekõm `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs dc kmerdidmtn jcnlhc `d chs rdtrklueknmds `dc pdrsnmhc hc sdrvkekn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs qud enrrdspnm`h kmecukr dm dc Rrnydetn `d Cdy `d Rrdsupudstns Jdmdrhcds `dc Dsth`n `d eh`h høn. Rhrh ch mdjnekhekõm `d tn`hs hqudcchs ihtdrkhs y enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn eniumds hc pdrsnmhc aumeknmhrkn, dsthtuthrkn y chlnrhc `d eh`h H`ikmkstrhekõm R÷lckeh, sd enmstktukrè dm ch H`ikmkstrhekõm Jdmdrhc `dc Dsth`n, dm eh`h umh `d chs eniumk`h`ds hutõmnihs, eku`h`ds `d Eduth y Idckcch y dmtk`h`ds cnehcds umh Idsh Jdmdrhc `d Mdjnekhekõm. Unm `d hpckehekõm h dsths Idshs Jdmdrhcds cns erktdrkns dsthlcdek`ns dm dc hphrth`n hmtdrknr snlrd rdprdsdmthekõm `d chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds dm ch Idsh Jdmdrhc `d Mdjnekhekõm `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs, tnihm`n dm enmsk`drhekõm dm eh`h ehsn cns rdsucth`ns nltdmk`ns dm chs dcdeeknmds h cns õrjhmns `d rdprdsdmthekõm `dc pdrsnmhc aumeknmhrkn y chlnrhc `dc enrrdspnm`kdmtd èilktn `d rdprdsdmthekõm. H`diès, thilkëm dsthrèm prdsdmtds dm dsths Idshs Jdmdrhcds, chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds qud anridm phrtd `d ch Idsh Jdmdrhc `d Mdjnekhekõm `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs skdiprd qud fulkdrhm nltdmk`n dc 82 pnr 822 `d cns rdprdsdmthmtds h pdrsnmhc aumeknmhrkn n pdrsnmhc chlnrhc dm dc èilktn enrrdspnm`kdmtd h ch Idsh `d qud sd trhtd.
J. Ihtdrkhs nlgdtn `d mdjnekhekõm mdjnekhekõm Udrèm nlgdtn `d mdjnekhekõm, dm su èilktn rdspdetkvn y dm rdchekõm enm chs enipdtdmekhs `d eh`h H`ikmkstrhekõm R÷lckeh y enm dc hcehmed qud cdjhcidmtd prned`h dm eh`h ehsn, chs ihtdrkhs skjukdmtds7 h) Ch hpckehekõm `dc kmerdidmtn `d chs rdtrklueknmds rdtrklueknmds `dc pdrsnmhc hc sdrvkekn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs qud sd dsthlcdzeh dm ch Cdy `d Rrdsupudstns Jdmdrhcds `dc Dsth`n y `d chs eniumk`h`ds hutõmnihs. l) Ch `dtdrikmhekõm y hpckehekõm `d chs rdtrklueknmds rdtrklueknmds enipcdidmthrkhs `d cns aumeknmhrkns. d`ktnrkhc } edp
41;
Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
e) Chs mnrihs qud akgdm cns erktdrkns jdmdrhcds dm ihtdrkh `d heedsn, ehrrdrh, prnvkskõm, skstdihs `d `d echskakehekõm `d pudstns `d trhlhgn, y pchmds d kmstruidmtns `d pchmkakehekõm `d rdeursns fuihmns. `) Chs mnrihs qud akgdm cns erktdrkns erktdrkns y idehmksins jdmdrhcds dm ihtdrkh `d dvhcuhekõm `dc `dc `dsdipdøn. d) Cns pchmds `d Rrdvkskõm Unekhc Enipcdidmthrkh. Enipcdidmthrkh. a) Cns erktdrkns jdmdrhcds `d cns cns pchmds y anm`ns phrh phrh ch anrihekõm y ch prninekõm kmtdrmh. j) Cns erktdrkns jdmdrhcds phrh ch `dtdrikmhekõm `d prdstheknmds prdstheknmds snekhcds y pdmsknmds `d echsds phskvhs. f) Chs prnpudsths snlrd `drdefns skm`kehcds y `d phrtkekphekõm. k) Cns erktdrkns jdmdrhcds `d `d heekõm heekõm snekhc. g) Chs qud hsé sd dsthlcdzehm dm ch mnrihtkvh `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds. o) Chs qud hadetdm h chs enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn y h chs rdtrklueknmds `d cns aumeknmhrkns, euyh rdjuchekõm dxkgh mnrih enm rhmjn `d cdy. c) Cns erktdrkns erktdrkns jdmdrhcds snlrd nadrths `d dipcdn p÷lcken. i) Chs rdadrk`hs h ehcdm`hrkn chlnrhc, fnrhrkns, gnrmh`hs, vheheknmds, pdriksns, invkck`h` aumeknmhc y jdnjrèakeh, hsé enin cns erktdrkns jdmdrhcds snlrd ch pchmkakehekõm dstrhtëjkeh `d cns rdeursns fuihmns, dm hqudccns hspdetns qud hadetdm h enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn `d cns dipcdh`ns p÷lckens. Xud`hm dxecuk`hs `d ch nlckjhtnrkd`h` `d ch mdjnekhekõm, chs ihtdrkhs skjukdmtds7 h) Chs `deksknmds `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs qud hadetdm h sus pntdsth`ds `d nrjhmkzhekõm. Euhm`n chs enmsdeudmekhs `d chs `deksknmds `deksknmds `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs qud hadetdm h sus pntdsth`ds `d nrjhmkzhekõm tdmjhm rdpdreuskõm snlrd enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn `d cns aumeknmhrkns p÷lckens enmtdipch`hs dm dc hphrth`n hmtdrknr, prned`drè ch mdjnekhekõm `d `kefhs enm`keknmds enm chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds h qud sd rdakdrd dstd Dsthtutn. l) Ch rdjuchekõm `dc dgdrekekn `d cns `drdefns `d cns eku`h`hmns y `d cns usuhrkns `d cns sdrvkekns p÷lckens, hsé enin dc prned`kikdmtn `d anrihekõm `d cns hetns y `kspnskeknmds h`ikmkstrhtkvhs. e) Ch `dtdrikmhekõm `d enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn `dc pdrsnmhc `krdetkvn. `krdetkvn. `) Cns pn`drds `d `krdeekõm y enmtrnc enmtrnc prnpkns `d ch rdchekõm gdrèrqukeh. d) Ch rdjuchekõm y `dtdrikmhekõm enmerdth, enmerdth, dm eh`h ehsn, `d cns skstdihs, erktdrkns, õrjhmns õrjhmns y prned`kikdmtns `d heedsn hc dipcdn p÷lcken y ch prninekõm prnadsknmhc.
F. Rhetns y Heudr`ns Dm dc sdmn `d chs Idshs `d Mdjnekhekõm enrrdspnm`kdmtds, cns rdprdsdmthmtds `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs pn`rèm enmedrthr Rhetns y Heudr`ns enm ch rdprdsdmthekõm `d chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds cdjktkih`hs h thcds dadetns, phrh ch `dtdrikmhekõm `d enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn `d cns aumeknmhrkns `d `kefhs H`ikmkstrheknmds. Cns Rhetns sd edcdlrhrèm snlrd ihtdrkhs qud sd enrrdspnm`hm dstrkethidmtd enm dc èilktn enipdtdmekhc `dc õrjhmn h`ikmkstrhtkvn qud cn suserklh y sd hpckehrèm `krdethidmtd hc pdrsnmhc `dc èilktn enrrdspnm`kdmtd. Cns Heudr`ns vdrshrèm snlrd ihtdrkhs enipdtdmekh `d cns õrjhmns `d jnlkdrmn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs. Rhrh su vhck`dz y dakehekh sdrè mdedshrkh su hprnlhekõm dxprdsh y anrihc pnr dstns õrjhmns. Euhm`n thcds Heudr`ns fhyhm sk`n rhtkakeh`ns y hadetdm h tdihs qud pud`dm sdr `dek`k`ns `d anrih `dakmktkvh pnr cns õrjhmns `d jnlkdrmn, dc enmtdmk`n `d cns iksins sdrè `krdethidmtd hpckehlcd hc pdrsnmhc kmecuk`n dm su èilktn `d hpckehekõm, skm pdrgukekn `d qud h dadetns anrihcds sd rdqukdrh ch in`kakehekõm n `drnjhekõm, dm su ehsn, `d ch mnrihtkvh rdjchidmthrkh enrrdspnm`kdmtd. 4:2
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
Uk cns Heudr`ns rhtkakeh`ns trhthm snlrd ihtdrkhs snidtk`hs h rdsdrvh `d cdy qud, dm enmsdeudmekh, sõcn pud`dm sdr `dtdrikmh`hs `dakmktkvhidmtd pnr chs Enrtds Jdmdrhcds n chs hshilcdhs cdjkschtkvhs `d chs eniumk`h`ds hutõmnihs, su enmtdmk`n ehrdedrè `d dakehekh `krdeth. Mn nlsthmtd, dm dstd supudstn, dc õrjhmn `d jnlkdrmn rdspdetkvn qud tdmjh kmkekhtkvh cdjkschtkvh prned`drè h ch dchlnrhekõm, hprnlhekõm y rdikskõm h chs Enrtds Jdmdrhcds n hshilcdhs cdjkschtkvhs `d chs eniumk`h`ds hutõmnihs `dc enrrdspnm`kdmtd prnydetn `d cdy enmanrid hc enmtdmk`n `dc Heudr`n y dm dc pchzn qud sd fulkdrh henr`h`n. Euhm`n dxksth ahcth `d rhtkakehekõm `d um Heudr`n n, dm su ehsn, umh mdjhtkvh dxprdsh h kmenrpnrhr cn henr`h`n dm dc prnydetn `d cdy enrrdspnm`kdmtd, sd `dldrè kmkekhr ch rdmdjnekhekõm `d chs ihtdrkhs trhth`hs dm dc pchzn `d um ids, sk hsé cn snckekthrh hc idmns ch ihynréh `d umh `d chs phrtds. Cns Rhetns y Heudr`ns `dldrèm `dtdrikmhr chs phrtds qud cns enmekdrthm, dc èilktn pdrsnmhc, aumeknmhc, tdrrktnrkhc y tdipnrhc, hsé enin ch anrih, pchzn `d prdhvksn y enm`keknmds `d `dmumekh `d cns iksins. Ud dsthlcdedrèm Eniksknmds Rhrkthrkhs `d sdjukikdmtn `d cns Rhetns y Heudr`ns enm ch enipnskekõm y aumeknmds qud chs phrtds `dtdrikmdm. Cns Rhetns edcdlrh`ns y cns Heudr`ns, umh vdz rhtkakeh`ns, `dldrèm sdr rdiktk`ns h ch Nakekmh R÷lckeh qud eh`h H`ikmkstrhekõm enipdtdmtd `dtdrikmd y ch Hutnrk`h` rdspdetkvh nr`dmhrè su pulckehekõm dm dc Lncdtém Nakekhc qud enrrdspnm`h dm aumekõm `dc èilktn tdrrktnrkhc. Dm dc supudstn `d qud mn sd prn`uzeh heudr`n dm ch mdjnekhekõm n dm ch rdmdjnekhekõm prdvksth dm dc ÷ctkin pèrrhan `dc hphrth`n 5 `dc hrtéeucn 56 `dc prdsdmtd dsthtutn y umh vdz hjnth`ns, dm su ehsn, cns prned`kikdmtns `d sncuekõm dxtrhgu`kekhc `d enmacketns, enrrdspnm`drè h cns õrjhmns `d jnlkdrmn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs dsthlcdedr chs enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn `d cns aumeknmhrkns enm chs dxedpeknmds enmtdipch`hs dm cns hphrth`ns 88, 8< y 85 `dc hrtéeucn 56 `d dstd dsthtutn. Cns Rhetns y Heudr`ns qud, `d enmanrik`h` enm cn dsthlcdek`n dm dc hrtéeucn 5:, enmtdmjhm ihtdrkhs y enm`keknmds jdmdrhcds `d trhlhgn eniumds hc pdrsnmhc aumeknmhrkn y chlnrhc, tdm`rèm ch enmsk`drhekõm y dadetns prdvkstns dm dstd hrtéeucn phrh cns aumeknmhrkns y dm dc hrtéeucn 65 `dc Dsthtutn `d cns Prhlhgh`nrds phrh dc pdrsnmhc chlnrhc. Cns Rhetns y Heudr`ns dm sus rdspdetkvns èilktns y dm rdchekõm enm chs enipdtdmekhs `d eh`h H`ikmkstrhekõm R÷lckeh, pn`rèm dsthlcdedr ch dstrueturh `d ch mdjnekhekõm encdetkvh hsé enin akghr chs rdjchs qud fhm `d rdsncvdr cns enmacketns `d enmeurrdmekh dmtrd chs mdjnekheknmds `d `kstkmtn èilktn y cns erktdrkns `d prkiheéh y enipcdidmthrkd`h` dmtrd chs `kadrdmtds umk`h`ds mdjnekh`nrhs. Ud jhrhmtkzh dc euipckikdmtn `d cns Rhetns y Heudr`ns, shcvn euhm`n dxedpeknmhcidmtd y pnr ehush jrhvd `d kmtdrës p÷lcken `drkvh`h `d umh hctdrhekõm susthmekhc `d chs ekreumsthmekhs denmõikehs, cns õrjhmns `d jnlkdrmn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs suspdm`hm n in`kakqudm dc euipckikdmtn `d Rhetns y Heudr`ns yh akrih`ns, dm ch id`k`h dstrkethidmtd mdedshrkh phrh shcvhjuhr`hr dc kmtdrës p÷lcken. Dm dstd supudstn, chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs `dldrèm kmanrihr h chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds `d chs ehushs `d ch suspdmskõm n in`kakehekõm. H cns dadetns `d cns prdvkstn dm dstd hphrth`n, sd dmtdm`drè, dmtrd ntrhs, qud enmeurrd ehush jrhvd `d kmtdrës p÷lcken `drkvh`h `d ch hctdrhekõm susthmekhc `d chs ekreumsthmekhs denmõikehs euhm`n chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs `dlhm h`npthr id`k`hs n pchmds `d hgustd, `d rddqukcklrkn `d chs eudmths p÷lckehs n `d ehrèetdr denmõiken akmhmekdrn phrh hsdjurhr ch dsthlkck`h` prdsupudsthrkh n ch enrrdeekõm `dc `ëakekt p÷lcken. Uhcvn heudr`n dm enmtrhrkn, cns Rhetns y Heudr`ns sd prnrrnjhrèm `d høn dm høn sk mn id`khrh `dmumekh dxprdsh `d umh `d chs phrtds. Ch vkjdmekh `dc enmtdmk`n `d cns Rhetns y Heudr`ns umh vdz enmecuk`h su `urhekõm, sd prn`uekrè dm cns tërikmns qud cns iksins fulkdrdm dsthlcdek`n. Cns Rhetns y Heudr`ns qud sued`hm h ntrns hmtdrknrds cns `drnjhm dm su kmtdjrk`h`, shcvn cns hspdetns qud dxprdshidmtd sd heudr`d ihmtdmdr. d`ktnrkhc } edp
4:8
Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
K. Õrjhmns `d rdprdsdmthekõm Cns õrjhmns dspdeéakens `d rdprdsdmthekõm `d cns aumeknmhrkns snm cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc y chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc. Dm chs umk`h`ds dcdetnrhcds `nm`d dc m÷idrn `d aumeknmhrkns sdh kjuhc n supdrknr h 1 d kmadrknr h 42, su rdprdsdmthekõm enrrdspnm`drè h cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc. Fhsth 52 aumeknmhrkns sd dcdjkrè um @dcdjh`n, y `d 58 h 0; sd dcdjkrèm trds, qud dgdredrèm su rdprdsdmthekõm enmgumth y ihmeniumh`hidmtd. Chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc sd enmstktukrèm dm umk`h`ds dcdetnrhcds qud eudmtdm enm um edmsn iémkin `d 42 aumeknmhrkns. Dc dsthlcdekikdmtn `d chs umk`h`ds dcdetnrhcds sd rdjuchrè pnr dc Dsth`n y pnr eh`h Eniumk`h` Hutõmnih `dmtrn `dc èilktn `d sus enipdtdmekhs cdjkschtkvhs. Rrdvkn heudr`n enm chs Nrjhmkzheknmds Ukm`kehcds cdjktkih`hs dm cns hrtéeucns 1 y : `d ch Cdy Nrjèmkeh 88/8;64, `d < `d hjnstn, `d Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc, cns õrjhmns `d jnlkdrmn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs pn`rèm in`kakehr n dsthlcdedr umk`h`ds dcdetnrhcds dm rhzõm `dc m÷idrn y pdeuckhrk`h`ds `d sus encdetkvns, h`deuhm`n ch enmakjurhekõm `d chs iksihs h chs dstrueturhs h`ikmkstrhtkvhs n h cns èilktns `d mdjnekhekõm enmstktuk`ns n qud sd enmstktuyhm. Eh`h Gumth `d Rdrsnmhc sd enipnmd `d um m÷idrn `d rdprdsdmthmtds, dm aumekõm `dc m÷idrn `d aumeknmhrkns `d ch Tmk`h` dcdetnrhc enrrdspnm`kdmtd, `d heudr`n enm ch skjukdmtd dsehch, dm enfdrdmekh enm cn dsthlcdek`n dm dc Dsthtutn `d cns Prhlhgh`nrds7 @d 42 h 822 aumeknmhrkns7 4. @d 828 h <42 aumeknmhrkns7 ;. @d <48 h 422 aumeknmhrkns7 85. @d 428 h :42 aumeknmhrkns7 8:. @d :48 h 8.222 aumeknmhrkns7 <8. @d 8.228 dm h`dchmtd, `ns pnr eh`h 8.222 n arheekõm, enm dc ièxkin `d :4. Chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc dcdjkrèm `d dmtrd sus ikdilrns um Rrdsk`dmtd y um Uderdthrkn y dchlnrhrèm su prnpkn rdjchidmtn `d prned`kikdmtn, qud mn pn`rè enmtrhvdmkr cn `kspudstn dm dc prdsdmtd Dsthtutn y cdjkschekõm `d `dshrrnccn, rdiktkdm`n enpkh `dc iksin y `d sus in`kakeheknmds hc õrjhmn u õrjhmns enipdtdmtds dm ihtdrkh `d pdrsnmhc qud eh`h H`ikmkstrhekõm `dtdrikmd. Dc rdjchidmtn y sus in`kakeheknmds `dldrèm sdr hprnlh`ns pnr cns vntns ahvnrhlcds `d, hc idmns, `ns tdrekns `d sus ikdilrns.
G. Aumeknmds y cdjktkihekõm `d cns õrjhmns `d rdprdsdmthekõm Chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc y cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc, dm su ehsn, tdm`rèm chs skjukdmtds aumeknmds, dm sus rdspdetkvns èilktns7 h) \deklkr kmanrihekõm, snlrd ch pncétkeh pncétkeh `d pdrsnmhc, hsé enin enin snlrd cns `htns rdadrdmtds h ch dvncuekõm `d chs rdtrklueknmds, dvncuekõm prnlhlcd `dc dipcdn dm dc èilktn enrrdspnm`kdmtd y prnjrhihs `d idgnrh `dc rdm`kikdmtn. l) Dikt Diktkr kr kmanr kmanrid, id, h snckek snckektu` tu` `d ch ch H`ikmk H`ikmkstr strhekõ hekõmm R÷lcke R÷lckehh enrr enrrdspn dspnm`k m`kdmtd dmtd,, snlrd snlrd dc trhsc trhsch`n h`n tnt tnthc hc n phr phrekhc ekhc `d chs kmsthcheknmds d kipchmthekõm n rdvkskõm `d sus skstdihs `d nrjhmkzhekõm y iëtn`ns `d trhlhgn. e) Udr kman kmanrih` rih`ns ns `d tn`hs chs shmeknmds kipudsths pnr ahcths iuy iuy jrhvds. `) Pdmdr enmnekikdmtn y sdr né`ns dm dc dsthlcdekikdmtn `d ch gnrmh`h chlnrhc y fnrhrkn `d `d trhlhgn, hsé enin dm dc rëjkidm `d vheheknmds y pdriksns. d) Qkjkchr dc euipckikdmtn `d chs mnrihs vkjdmtds dm ihtdrkh `d enm`keknmds enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn, prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds, Udjurk`h` Unekhc y dipcdn y dgdredr, dm su ehsn, chs heeknmds cdjhcds npnrtumhs hmtd cns nrjhmksins enipdtdmtds. 4:<
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
a) Enchlnrhr enm ch H`ikmkstrhekõm H`ikmkstrhekõm enrrdspnm`kdmtd enrrdspnm`kdmtd phrh enmsdjukr enmsdjukr dc dsthlcdekikdmtn `d euhmths euhmths id`k`hs prneurdm dc ihmtdmkikdmtn d kmerdidmtn `d ch prn`uetkvk`h`. Chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc, encdjkh`hidmtd, pnr `dekskõm ihynrkthrkh `d sus ikdilrns y, dm su ehsn, cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc, ihmeniumh`hidmtd, dsthrèm cdjktkih`ns phrh kmkekhr, enin kmtdrdsh`ns, cns enrrdspnm`kdmtds prned`kikdmtns h`ikmkstrhtkvns y dgdrekthr chs heeknmds dm véh h`ikmkstrhtkvh n gu`kekhc dm tn`n cn rdchtkvn hc èilktn `d sus aumeknmds.
O. Jhrhmtéhs `d ch aumekõm aumekõm rdprdsdmthtkvh `dc pdrsnmhc Cns ikdilrns `d chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc y cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc, dm su ehsn, enin rdprdsdmthmtds cdjhcds `d cns aumeknmhrkns, `kspnm`rèm dm dc dgdrekekn `d su aumekõm rdprdsdmthtkvh `d chs skjukdmtds jhrhmtéhs y `drdefns7 h) Dc heedsn y cklrd ekreuchekõm pnr chs `dpdm`dmekhs `d su umk`h` umk`h` dcdetnrhc, skm qud sd dmtnrpdzeh dc mnrihc aumeknmhikdmtn `d chs enrrdspnm`kdmtds umk`h`ds h`ikmkstrhtkvhs, `dmtrn `d cns fnrhrkns fhlktuhcds `d trhlhgn y enm dxedpekõm `d chs znmhs qud sd rdsdrvdm `d enmanrik`h` enm cn `kspudstn dm ch cdjkschekõm vkjdmtd. l) Ch `kstrkluekõm cklrd `d chs pulckeheknmds qud qud sd rdakdrhm h eudstknmds prnadsknmhcds y skm`kehcds. e) Ch hu`kdmekh dm cns dxpd`kdmtds `ksekpckmhrkns `ksekpckmhrkns h qud pu`kdrhm sdr snidtk`ns snidtk`ns sus ikdilrns `urhmtd dc tkdipn `d su ihm`htn y `urhmtd dc høn kmid`khthidmtd pnstdrknr, skm pdrgukekn `d ch hu`kdmekh hc kmtdrdsh`n rdjuch`h dm dc prned`kikdmtn shmeknmh`nr. `) Tm erë`ktn `d fnrhs idmsuhcds `dmtrn `d ch gnrmh`h `d trhlhgn y rdtrkluk`hs enin `d trhlhgn dadetkvn, `d heudr`n enm ch skjukdmtd dsehch7 - Fhsth 822 aumeknmhrkns7 84. - @d 828 h <42 aumeknmhrkns7 <2. - @d <48 h 422 aumeknmhrkns7 52. - @d 428 h :42 aumeknmhrkns7 54. - @d :48 dm h`dchmtd7 02. Cns ikdilrns ikdilrns `d ch Gumth `d Rdrsnmhc y @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc `d ch iksih ehm`k`hturh ehm`k`hturh qud qud hsé cn ihmkakdstdm pn`rèm prned`dr, prdvkh eniumkehekõm hc õrjhmn qud nstdmtd ch Gdahturh `d Rdrsnmhc hmtd ch qud hquëcch dgdrzh su rdprdsdmthekõm, h ch heuiuchekõm `d cns erë`ktns fnrhrkns. d) Mn sdr trhsch`h`ns mk shmeknmh`ns shmeknmh`ns pnr ehushs rdcheknmh`hs enm enm dc dgdrekekn `d su ihm`htn rdprdsdmthtkvn, mk `urhmtd ch vkjdmekh `dc iksin, mk dm dc høn skjukdmtd h su dxtkmekõm, dxedptuhm`n ch dxtkmekõm qud tdmjh cujhr pnr rdvnehekõm n `kikskõm. Cns ikdilrns `d chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc y cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc mn pn`rèm sdr `kserkikmh`ns dm su anrihekõm mk dm su prninekõm denmõikeh n prnadsknmhc pnr rhzõm `dc `dsdipdøn `d su rdprdsdmthekõm. Eh`h umn `d cns ikdilrns `d ch Gumth `d Rdrsnmhc y ësth enin õrjhmn encdjkh`n, hsé enin cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc, dm su ehsn, nlsdrvhrèm skjkcn prnadsknmhc dm tn`n cn rdadrdmtd h cns hsumtns dm qud ch H`ikmkstrhekõm sdøhcd dxprdshidmtd dc ehrèetdr rdsdrvh`n, h÷m `dspuës `d dxpkrhr su ihm`htn. Dm tn`n ehsn, mkmj÷m `neuidmtn rdsdrvh`n dmtrdjh`n pnr ch H`ikmkstrhekõm pn`rè sdr utkckzh`n audrh `dc dstrketn èilktn `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm phrh akmds `kstkmtns `d cns qud intkvhrnm su dmtrdjh.
C. @urhekõm `d ch rdprdsdmthekõm Dc ihm`htn `d cns ikdilrns `d chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc y `d cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc, dm su ehsn, sdrè `d euhtrn høns, pu`kdm`n sdr rddcdjk`ns. Dc ihm`htn sd dmtdm`drè prnrrnjh`n sk, h su tërikmn, mn sd d`ktnrkhc } edp
4:5
Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
fulkdsdm prninvk`n mudvhs dcdeeknmds, skm qud cns rdprdsdmthmtds enm ihm`htn prnrrnjh`n sd enmthlkckedm h dadetns `d `dtdrikmhr ch ehphek`h` rdprdsdmthtkvh `d cns Ukm`kehtns.
I. Rrninekõm `d dcdeeknmds h @dcdjh`ns y Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc Rdrsnmhc Rn`rèm prninvdr ch edcdlrhekõm `d dcdeeknmds h @dcdjh`ns y Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc, enmanrid h cn prdvkstn dm dc prdsdmtd Dsthtutn y dm cns hrtéeucns 1 y : `d ch Cdy Nrjèmkeh 88/8;64, `d < `d hjnstn, `d Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc7 h) Cns Ukm`kehtns iès rdprdsdmthtkvns h mkvdc dsththc. l) Cns skm`kehtns iès rdprdsdmthtkvns h mkvdc `d eniumk`h` hutõmnih, euhm`n ch umk`h` dcdetnrhc hadeth`h dstë ulkeh`h dm su èilktn jdnjrèaken. e) Cns skm`kehtns qud, skm sdr iès rdprdsdmthtkvns, fhyhm enmsdjuk`n enmsdjuk`n hc idmns dc 82 pnr 822 `d cns rdprdsdmthmtds h cns qud sd rdakdrd dstd Dsthtutn dm dc enmgumtn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs. `) Cns skm`kehtns qud fhyhm nltdmk`n hc idmns um pnredmthgd `dc 82 pnr 822 dm ch umk`h` dcdetnrhc dm ch qud sd prdtdm`d prninvdr chs dcdeeknmds. d) Cns aumeknmhrkns `d ch umk`h` dcdetnrhc, pnr heudr`n ihynrkthrkn. ihynrkthrkn. Cns cdjktkih`ns phrh prninvdr dcdeeknmds tdm`rèm, h dstd dadetn, `drdefn h qud ch H`ikmkstrhekõm R÷lckeh enrrdspnm`kdmtd cds suikmkstrd dc edmsn `d pdrsnmhc `d chs umk`h`ds dcdetnrhcds hadeth`hs, `kstrkluk`n pnr nrjhmksins n edmtrns `d trhlhgn.
M. Rrned`kikdmtn dcdetnrhc Dc prned`kikdmtn phrh ch dcdeekõm `d chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc y phrh ch dcdeekõm `d @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc sd `dtdrikmhrè rdjchidmthrkhidmtd tdmkdm`n dm eudmth cns skjukdmtds erktdrkns jdmdrhcds7 h) Ch dcdeekõm sd rdhckzhrè id`khmtd suarhjkn pdrsnmhc, `krdetn, cklrd y sderdtn qud qud pn`rè diktkrsd pnr enrrdn n pnr ntrns id`kns tdcdiètkens. l) Udrèm dcdetnrds y dcdjklcds cns aumeknmhrkns qud sd dmeudmtrdm dm ch sktuhekõm `d sdrvkekn hetkvn. Mn tdm`rèm ch enmsk`drhekõm `d dcdetnrds mk dcdjklcds cns aumeknmhrkns qud neupdm pudstns euyn mnilrhikdmtn sd dadet÷d h trhvës `d rdhc `derdtn n pnr `derdtn `d cns enmsdgns `d jnlkdrmn `d chs eniumk`h`ds hutõmnihs y `d chs eku`h`ds `d Eduth y Idckcch. e) Rn`rèm prdsdmthr ehm`k`hturhs ehm`k`hturhs chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds cdjhcidmtd enmstktuk`hs n chs enhckeknmds `d ësths, y cns jrupns `d dcdetnrds `d umh iksih umk`h` dcdetnrhc, skdiprd qud dc m÷idrn `d dccns sdh dqukvhcdmtd, hc idmns, hc trkpcd `d cns ikdilrns h dcdjkr. `) Chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc sd dcdjkrèm id`khmtd cksths edrrh`hs h trhvës `d um skstdih prnpnreknmhc enrrdjk`n, y cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc id`khmtd cksths hlkdrths y skstdih ihynrkthrkn. d) Cns õrjhmns dcdetnrhcds sdrèm chs Idshs Dcdetnrhcds Dcdetnrhcds qud sd enmstktuyhm phrh phrh ch `krdeekõm y `dshrrnccn `dc prned`kikdmtn dcdetnrhc y chs nakekmhs p÷lckehs pdrihmdmtds phrh dc eõiputn y edrtkakehekõm `d rdsucth`ns rdjuch`hs dm ch mnrihtkvh chlnrhc. a) Chs kipujmheknmds sd trhikthrèm trhikthrèm enmanrid h um prned`kikdmtn hrlktrhc, hrlktrhc, dxedptn chs rdechiheknmds rdechiheknmds enmtrh chs `dmdjheknmds `d kmserkpekõm `d heths dcdetnrhcds d cdetnrhcds qud pn`rèm pchmtdhrsd `krdethidmtd hmtd ch gurks`keekõm snekhc.
Ø. Uncuekõm dxtrhgu`kekhc dxtrhgu`kekhc `d enmacketns encdetkvns encdetkvns Enm km`dpdm`dmekh `d chs htrklueknmds akgh`hs pnr chs phrtds h chs eniksknmds phrkthrkhs prdvksths dm dc hrtéeucn 56.4 phrh dc enmnekikdmtn y rdsncuekõm `d cns enmacketns `drkvh`ns `d ch hpckehekõm d kmtdrprdthekõm `d cns Rhetns y Heudr`ns, chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs y chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds h qud sd 4:0
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
rdakdrd dc prdsdmtd ehpétucn pn`rèm henr`hr ch erdhekõm, enmakjurhekõm y `dshrrnccn `d skstdihs `d sncuekõm dxtrhgu`kekhc `d enmacketns encdetkvns. Cns enmacketns h qud sd rdakdrd dc hphrth`n hmtdrknr pn`rèm sdr cns `drkvh`ns `d ch mdjnekhekõm, hpckehekõm d kmtdrprdthekõm `d cns Rhetns y Heudr`ns snlrd chs ihtdrkhs sdøhch`hs dm dc hrtéeucn 5:, dxedptn phrh hqudcchs dm qud dxksth rdsdrvh `d cdy. Cns skstdihs pn`rèm dsthr kmtdjrh`ns pnr prned`kikdmtns `d id`khekõm y hrlktrhgd. Ch id`khekõm sdrè nlckjhtnrkh euhm`n cn snckektd umh `d chs phrtds y chs prnpudsths `d sncuekõm qud nardzehm dc id`kh`nr n id`kh`nrds pn`rèm sdr cklrdidmtd hedpth`hs n rdefhzh`hs pnr chs iksihs. Id`khmtd dc prned`kikdmtn `d hrlktrhgd chs phrtds pn`rèm henr`hr vncumthrkhidmtd dmenidm`hr h um tdredrn ch rdsncuekõm `dc enmacketn pchmtdh`n, eniprnidtkëm`nsd `d hmtdihmn h hedpthr dc enmtdmk`n `d ch iksih. Dc heudr`n cnjrh`n h trhvës `d ch id`khekõm n `d ch rdsncuekõm `d hrlktrhgd tdm`rè ch iksih dakehekh guré`keh y trhikthekõm `d cns Rhetns y Heudr`ns rdjuch`ns dm dc prdsdmtd Dsthtutn, skdiprd qud qukdmds fulkdrhm h`npth`n dc heudr`n n suserktn dc eniprniksn hrlktrhc tuvkdsdm ch cdjktkihekõm qud cds pdrikth henr`hr, dm dc èilktn `dc enmacketn, um Rhetn n Heudr`n enmanrid h cn prdvkstn dm dstd Dsthtutn. Dstns heudr`ns sdrèm susedptklcds `d kipujmhekõm. Dspdeéakehidmtd ehlrè rdeursn enmtrh ch rdsncuekõm hrlktrhc dm dc ehsn `d qud mn sd fulkdsdm nlsdrvh`n dm dc `dshrrnccn `d ch hetuhekõm hrlktrhc cns rdquksktns y anrihck`h`ds dsthlcdek`ns hc dadetn n euhm`n ch rdsncuekõm fulkdsd vdrsh`n snlrd pumtns mn snidtk`ns h su `dekskõm, n qud ësth enmtrh`kjh ch cdjhck`h` vkjdmtd. Ch utkckzhekõm `d dstns skstdihs sd dadetuhrè enmanrid h cns prned`kikdmtns qud rdjchidmthrkhidmtd sd `dtdrikmdm prdvkn heudr`n enm chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds rdprdsdmthtkvhs.
N. @drdefn `d rdumkõm Dstèm cdjktkih`ns phrh enmvnehr umh rdumkõm, h`diès `d chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds, `krdethidmtd n h trhvës `d cns @dcdjh`ns Ukm`kehcds7 h) Cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc. l) Chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc. e) Cns Eniktës `d Diprdsh. `) Cns dipcdh`ns p÷lckens p÷lckens `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds rdspdetkvhs rdspdetkvhs dm m÷idrn mn kmadrknr hc 02 pnr 822 `dc encdetkvn enmvneh`n. Chs rdumknmds dm dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn sd hutnrkzhrèm audrh `d chs fnrhs `d trhlhgn, shcvn heudr`n dmtrd dc õrjhmn enipdtdmtd dm ihtdrkh `d pdrsnmhc y qukdmds dstëm cdjktkih`ns phrh enmvnehrchs. Ch edcdlrhekõm `d ch rdumkõm mn pdrgu`kehrè ch prdsthekõm `d cns sdrvkekns y cns enmvnehmtds `d ch iksih sdrèm rdspnmshlcds `d su mnrihc `dshrrnccn.
<.< \djuchekõm enmtdmk`h enmtdmk`h dm ch Cdy ;/8;6:, `d 8< `d gumkn, `d Õrjhmns `d \dprdsdmthekõm, `dtdrikmhekõm `dtdrikmhekõm `d chs Enm`keknmds `d Prhlhgn y Rhrtkekphekõm `dc Rdrsnmhc hc sdrvkekn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs H. Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc Ud enmstktukrè umh Gumth `d Rdrsnmhc dm eh`h umh `d chs skjukdmtds Tmk`h`ds Dcdetnrhcds7 Dm chs Eniumk`h`ds Hutõmnihs
- Dm chs Eniumk`h`ds Hutõmnihs pcurkprnvkmekhcds7 d`ktnrkhc } edp
4:4
Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
º Tmh dm cns sdrvkekns edmtrhcds `d eh`h umh `d dcchs. º Tmh dm eh`h prnvkmekh phrh cns aumeknmhrkns `dstkmh`ns dm dcchs. - Dm chs Eniumk`h`ds Hutõmnihs umkprnvkmekhcds7 º Tmh phrh tn`ns cns aumeknmhrkns `dstkmh`ns dm dcchs. - Ntrhs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc7 º Tmh dm eh`h eh`h prnvkmekh phrh dc pdrsnmhc `nedmtd `d cns Edmtrns p÷lckens mn umkvdrskthrkns, euhm`n dstëm trhmsadrk`ns cns sdrvkekns. º Tmh dm eh`h èrdh `d shcu` phrh dc pdrsnmhc hc sdrvkekn `d Kmstktueknmds Uhmkthrkhs Uhmkthrkhs R÷lckehs `dpdm`kdmtds `d ch Eniumk`h` Hutõmnih. º Tmh dm eh`h Tmkvdrsk`h` `dpdm`kdmtd `d ch Eniumk`h` Hutõmnih phrh phrh cns aumeknmhrkns `d `d cns Eudrpns `nedmtds y ntrh phrh dc pdrsnmhc `d H`ikmkstrhekõm y Udrvkekns. º Tmh phrh dc pdrsnmhc `d eh`h eh`h Nrjhmksin hutõmnin, skdiprd qud dm enmgumtn tdmjh um edmsn iémkin `d 842 aumeknmhrkns. º @d mn hcehmzhr `kefn iémkin cns aumeknmhrkns dgdredrèm su rdprdsdmthekõm h trhvës `d cns sdrvkekns edmtrhcds `d eh`h Eniumk`h` Hutõmnih. Dm ch H`ikmkstrhekõm Cnehc
- Tmh dm eh`h umn `d cns Hyumthikdmtns, @kputheknmds @kputheknmds Rrnvkmekhcds, Rrnvkmekhcds, Ehlkc`ns, Ehlkc`ns, Enmsdgns Enmsdgns Kmsuchrds y `diès Dmtk`h`ds Cnehcds. Rrdvkh mdjnekhekõm y heudr`n enm chs Nrjhmkzheknmds Ukm`kehcds cdjktkih`hs sdj÷m cn `kspudstn dm cns hrts. 1 y : `d ch Cdy Nrjèmkeh 88/8;64, `d < `d hjnstn, `d Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc, cns õrjhmns `d jnlkdrmn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs pn`rèm in`kakehr n dsthlcdedr Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc dm rhzõm hc m÷idrn n pdeuckhrk`h`ds `d sus encdetkvns, h`deuhm`n chs iksihs h chs dstrueturhs h`ikmkstrhtkvhs y/n h cns èilktns `d mdjnekhekõm enmstktuk`ns n qud sd enmstktuyhm. Pëmjhsd dm eudmth qud dm vkrtu` `d cn dsthlcdek`n dm ch @kspnskekõm @drnjhtnrkh ×mkeh `dc \dhc @derdtn Cdjkschtkvn 4/<284, `d 52 `d netulrd, pnr dc qud sd hprudlh dc tdxtn rdaum`k`n `d ch Cdy `dc Dsthtutn Lèsken `dc Dipcdh`n R÷lcken, qud`h `drnjh`h enm dc hcehmed dsthlcdek`n dm dc hphrth`n < `d ch @kspnskekõm Akmhc 0ª (rdchtkvh h ch dmtrh`h dm vkjnr qud dsthlcded qud fhsth qud sd `ketdm chs cdyds `d Aumekõm R÷lckeh y chs mnrihs rdjchidmthrkhs `d `dshrrnccn sd ihmtdm`rèm dm vkjnr dm eh`h H`ikmkstrhekõm R÷lckeh chs mnrihs vkjdmtds snlrd nr`dmhekõm, pchmkakehekõm y jdstkõm `d rdeursns fuihmns dm thmtn mn sd npnmjhm h cn dsthlcdek`n dm dstd Dsthtutn), ch Cdy ;/8;6:, `d 8< `d gumkn, `d õrjhmns `d rdprdsdmthekõm, `dtdrikmhekõm `d chs enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn y phrtkekphekõm `dc pdrsnmhc hc sdrvkekn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs, dxedptn su hrtéeucn : y enm ch dxedpekõm enmtdipch`h dm ch `kspnskekõm trhmsktnrkh qukmth `d dstd Dsthtutn.
L. Dcdeeknmds h. Rrninekõm Cns prnintnrds eniumkehrèm hc õrjhmn enipdtdmtd dm ihtdrkh `d pdrsnmhc dm ch umk`h` dcdetnrhc enrrdspnm`kdmtd y h ch nakekmh p÷lckeh `d rdjkstrn su prnpõsktn `d edcdlrhr dcdeeknmds enm um pchzn iémkin `d, hc idmns, um ids `d hmtdchekõm hc kmkekn `dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc. Dm `kefh eniumkehekõm cns prnintnrds `dldrèm k`dmtkakehr enm prdekskõm ch umk`h` dcdetnrhc dm ch qud sd `dsdh edcdlrhr dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc y ch adefh `d kmkekn `d ëstd, qud sdrè ch `d enmstktuekõm `d ch Idsh dcdetnrhc y, dm tn`n ehsn, 4:1
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
mn pn`rè enidmzhr hmtds `d um ids mk iès hccè `d trds idsds enmthlkckzh`ns h phrtkr `dc rdjkstrn `d ch eniumkehekõm dm ch nakekmh p÷lckeh. Dsth nakekmh p÷lckeh `d rdjkstrn, `dmtrn `dc skjukdmtd `éh fèlkc, dxpnm`rè dm dc thlcõm `d hmumekns cns prdhvksns prdsdmth`ns, ahekckthm`n enpkh `d cns iksins h cns skm`kehtns qud hsé cn snckektdm. Uõcn pn`rè prninvdrsd ch edcdlrhekõm `d dcdeeknmds `d ihmdrh jdmdrhckzh`h dm umn n vhrkns èilktns aumeknmhcds n tdrrktnrkhcds, prdvkn heudr`n ihynrkthrkn `d cns skm`kehtns iès rdprdsdmthtkvns, `d cns skm`kehtns qud, skm sdr iès rdprdsdmthtkvns, fhyhm enmsdjuk`n, hc idmns, dc 82 pnr 822 `d cns rdprdsdmthmtds h cns qud sd rdakdrd dsth Cdy dm dc enmgumtn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs y `d hqudccns skm`kehtns qud fhyhm nltdmk`n, hc idmns, `kefn pnredmthgd `dc 82 pnr 822 dm dc èilktn n sdetnr enrrdspnm`kdmtd. @kefns heudr`ns `dldrèm eniumkehrsd h ch nakekmh p÷lckeh `d rdjkstrn phrh su `dpõsktn y pulckek`h`. Euhm`n sd prniudvhm dcdeeknmds phrh rdmnvhr ch rdprdsdmthekõm pnr enmecuskõm `d ch `urhekõm `dc ihm`htn, thc prninekõm sõcn pn`rè dadetuhrsd h phrtkr `d ch adefh dm qud ahctdm trds idsds phrh dc vdmekikdmtn `dc ihm`htn. Rn`rèm prninvdrsd dcdeeknmds phrekhcds euhm`n dxksth, hc idmns, um 42 pnr 822 `d vhehmtds dm chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc n `d cns @dcdjh`ns `d pdrsnmhc, n euhm`n sd prn`uzeh um huidmtn `d, hc idmns, um <4 pnr 822 `d ch pchmtkcch. Ch `urhekõm `dc ihm`htn `d cns rdprdsdmthmtds dcdjk`ns sdrè pnr dc tkdipn qud ahctd phrh enipcdthr cns euhtrn høns. Ch henin`hekõm `d ch rdprdsdmthekõm `d cns aumeknmhrkns h chs `ksikmueknmds skjmkakehtkvhs `d ch pchmtkcch sd rdhckzhrè pnr heudr`n dmtrd dc õrjhmn enipdtdmtd dm ihtdrkh `d pdrsnmhc enrrdspnm`kdmtd y cns rdprdsdmthmtds `d cns aumeknmhrkns. Dc kmeuipckikdmtn `d euhcqukdrh `d cns rdquksktns dsthlcdek`ns phrh ch prninekõm `d dcdeeknmds `dtdrikmhrè ch muck`h` `dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc, humqud ch nikskõm `d ch eniumkehekõm hc õrjhmn enipdtdmtd dm ihtdrkh `d pdrsnmhc pn`rè supckrsd pnr id`kn `dc trhsch`n hc iksin `d umh enpkh `d ch eniumkehekõm prdsdmth`h h ch nakekmh p÷lckeh, skdiprd qud ësth sd prn`uzeh enm umh hmtdrknrk`h` iémkih `d vdkmtd `éhs rdspdetn `d ch adefh `d kmkekhekõm `dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc akgh`n dm dc dserktn `d prninekõm. Dm ehsn `d enmeurrdmekh `d prnintnrds phrh ch rdhckzhekõm `d dcdeeknmds dm umh umk`h` dcdetnrhc `dtdrikmh`h sd enmsk`drhrè vèck`h, h dadetns `d kmkekhekõm `dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc, ch prkidrh enmvnehtnrkh rdjkstrh`h, dxedptn dm cns supudstns dm qud ch ihynréh skm`kehc `d umh umk`h` dcdetnrhc `dtdrikmh`h enm Gumth `d Rdrsnmhc fhyh prdsdmth`n ntrh adefh `kstkmth, dm euyn ehsn prdvhcdedrè dsth ÷ctkih, skdiprd y euhm`n `kefhs enmvnehd`ktnrkhc } edp
Uhléh qud Ch rdmumekh h ch prninekõm enm pnstdrknrk`h` h ch eniumkehekõm h ch nakekmh p÷lckeh mn kipd`krè dc `dshrrnccn `dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc, skdiprd qud sd euipchm tn`ns cns rdquksktns qud pdrikthm ch vhck`dz `dc iksin.
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Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
tnrkhs euipchm enm cns rdquksktns dsthlcdek`ns. Dm dstd ÷ctkin supudstn ch prninekõm `dldrè heniphøhrsd `d umh eniumkehekõm adfhekdmtd `d `kefh prninekõm `d dcdeeknmds h cns qud fulkdrhm rdhckzh`n ntrh u ntrhs enm hmtdrknrk`h`. l. Dcdetnrds y dcdjklcds Udrèm dcdetnrds y dcdjklcds cns aumeknmhrkns qud sd dmeudmtrdm dm ch sktuhekõm `d sdrvkekn hetkvn. Ch rdchekõm `d sdrvkekn enm ch H`ikmkstrhekõm R÷lckeh mn sd vdrè hctdrh`h pnr dc heedsn `dc pdrsnmhc kmtdrmn h ch enm`kekõm `d rdprdsdmthmtd. Mn tdm`rèm ch enm`kekõm `d dcdetnrds mk dcdjklcds7 h) Cns aumeknmhrkns p÷lckens qud sd dmeudmtrdm dm chs sktuheknmds h`ikmkstrhtkvhs `d dxed`dmekh, suspdmskõm y sdrvkekns dspdekhcds. Mn nlsthmtd cn hmtdrknr, cns aumeknmhrkns qud sdhm `dechrh`ns dm sdrvkekns dspdekhcds dm vkrtu` `d cn `kspudstn dm dc pèrrhan prkidrn, cdtrh c), hphrth`n < `dc hrt. <; `d ch Cdy 52/8;60, `d < `d hjnstn (ekth`h), `d Id`k`hs phrh ch \danrih `d ch Aumekõm R÷lckeh, tdm`rèm ch enm`kekõm `d dcdetnrds y dcdjklcds. l) Xukdmds sdhm mnilrh`ns pnr \dhc @derdtn henr`h`n dm Enmsdgn `d Ikmkstrns n pnr @derdtn `d cns Enmsdgns `d Jnlkdrmn `d chs Eniumk`h`ds Hutõmnihs y, dm tn`n ehsn, qukdmds `dsdipdødm ehrjns enm ehtdjnréhs `d @krdetnr jdmdrhc n hskikch`ns u ntrns `d rhmjn supdrknr. e) Dc pdrsnmhc dvdmtuhc. Mn nlsthmtd, nlsthmtd, cns aumeknmhrkns p÷lckens p÷lckens qud `dsdipdødm pudstns dxprdshidmtd ehckakeh`ns `d enmakhmzh n hsdsnrhikdmtn dspdekhc y fhyhm sk`n `dechrh`ns dm ch sktuhekõm h`ikmkstrhtkvh `d sdrvkekns dspdekhcds, tdm`rèm ch enm`kekõm `d dcdetnrds, pdrn mn ch `d dcdjklcds y dgdredrèm su `drdefn dm ch umk`h` dcdetnrhc h ch qud pdrtdmdedréhm `d mn dmenmtrhrsd dm sktuhekõm `d sdrvkekns dspdekhcds. Rn`rèm prdsdmthr ehm`k`htns h chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc y h @dcdjh`ns `d pdrsnmhc chs Nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds cdjhcidmtd enmstktuk`hs n chs enhckeknmds `d ësths. Philkëm pn`rèm prdsdmthrsd ehm`k`hturhs hvhch`hs hvhch`hs pnr um m÷idrn `d akrihs `d dcdetnrds `d su iksih umk`h` dcdetnrhc, dqukvhcdmtd, hc idmns, hc trkpcd `d cns ikdilrns h dcdjkr. e. Rrned`kikdmtn dcdetnrhc • \djchs jdmdrhcds
Chs dcdeeknmds h rdprdsdmthmtds `d cns aumeknmhrkns dm chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc sd hgusthrèm h chs skjukdmtds rdjchs7 h) Eh`h dcdetnr pn`rè `hr su vntn h umh snch `d chs cksths prnechih`hs. Dsths cksths `dldrèm enmtdmdr, enin iémkin, thmtns mnilrds enin pudstns h eulrkr. Mn nlsthmtd, ch rdmumekh `d euhcqukdr ehm`k`htn prdsdmth`n dm hcjumhs `d chs cksths phrh chs dcdeeknmds hmtds `d ch adefh `d ch vnthekõm mn kipckehrè ch suspdmskõm `dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc, mk ch hmuchekõm `d `kefh ehm`k`hturh hum euhm`n sdh kmenipcdth, skdiprd y euhm`n ch cksth hadeth`h pdrihmdzeh enm um m÷idrn `d ehm`k`htns, hc idmns, `dc 12 pnr 822 `d cns pudstns h eulrkr. Dm eh`h cksth `dldrèm akjurhr chs skjchs `dc skm`kehtn, enhckekõm n jrupn `d aumeknmhrkns qud ch prdsdmtd. l) Mn tdm`rèm `drdefn h ch htrkluekõm `d rdprdsdmthmtds dm ch Gumth `d Rdrsnmhc hqudcchs cksths qud mn fhyhm nltdmk`n enin iémkin dc 4 pnr 822 `d cns vntns. e) Id`khmtd dc skstdih `d rdprdsdmthekõm prnpnreknmhc prnpnreknmhc sd htrklukrè h eh`h cksth dc m÷idrn `d pudstns pudstns qud cd enrrdspnm`h, `d enmanrik`h` enm dc enekdmtd qud rdsuctd `d `kvk`kr dc m÷idrn `d vntns vèck`ns `d chs cksths qud fhyhm nltdmk`n dc 4 pnr 822 n iès `d cns vntns pnr dc pudstn h eulrkr. Cns puds-
4:6
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
tns snlrhmtds, dm su ehsn, sd htrklukrèm h chs cksths, dm nr`dm `derdekdmtd, sdj÷m dc rdstn `d vntns `d eh`h umh `d dcchs. `) @dmtrn `d eh`h cksth sd dcdjkrè h cns cns ehm`k`htns pnr dc nr`dm nr`dm dm qud akjurdm dm ch ehm`k`hturh. d) Cns rdprdsdmthmtds dcdjk`ns dm eh`h ehm`k`hturh ehm`k`hturh sd htrklukrèm hc prdsdmth`nr, skm`kehtn n jrupn `d aumeknmhrkns. Cns rdprdsdmthmtds dcdjk`ns dm ehm`k`hturhs prdsdmth`hs pnr enhckeknmds dcdetnrhcds sd htrklukrèm h ësths. Ch kmnlsdrvhmekh `d euhcqukdrh `d chs rdjchs hmtdrknrds `dtdrikmhrè ch muck`h` `d ch dcdeekõm `dc ehm`k`htn n ehm`k`htns hadeth`ns. Dm ch dcdeekõm phrh @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc, eh`h dcdetnr pn`rè `hr su vntn h um m÷idrn ièxkin `d hspkrhmtds dqukvhcdmtd hc `d pudstns h eulrkr dmtrd cns ehm`k`htns prnechih`ns. \dsucthrèm dcdjk`ns cns qud nltdmjhm dc ihynr m÷idrn `d vntns. Dm ehsn `d diphtd rdsucthrè dcdjk`n dc ehm`k`htn `d ihynr hmtkjód`h` dm ch Aumekõm R÷lckeh. Euhm`n sd prn`uzeh vhehmtd sd eulrkrè hutniètkehidmtd pnr dc aumeknmhrkn qud fulkdrh nltdmk`n dm ch vnthekõm um m÷idrn `d vntns kmid`khthidmtd kmadrknr hc ÷ctkin `d cns dcdjk`ns. Dc sustktutn cn sdrè pnr dc tkdipn qud rdstd `dc ihm`htn. Chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc y cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc sd dcdjkrèm id`khmtd suarhjkn pdrsnmhc, cklrd, `krdetn y sderdtn. Rn`rè diktkrsd pnr enrrdn dm ch anrih qud sd dsthlcdzeh, `d heudr`n enm chs mnrihs dcdetnrhcds. Unchidmtd pn`rèm sdr rdvneh`ns cns ikdilrns `d ch Gumth y @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc `urhmtd dc ihm`htn pnr `dekskõm `d qukdmds cns fulkdrhm dcdjk`n, id`khmtd hshilcdh enmvneh`h hc dadetn h kmsthmekh `d um tdrekn enin iémkin `d sus dcdetnrds y pnr heudr`n h`npth`n pnr ihynréh hlsncuth `d ëstns id`khmtd suarhjkn pdrsnmhc, cklrd, `krdetn y sderdtn. Mn nlsthmtd, fhsth trhmseurrk`ns sdks idsds `d su dcdeekõm, mn pn`rè dadetuhrsd su rdvnehekõm. Mn pn`rèm dadetuhrsd prnpudsths `d rdvnehekõm fhsth trhmseurrk`ns sdks idsds `d ch hmtdrknr. Dm dc ehsn `d prn`uekrsd vhehmtd pnr `kikskõm n pnr euhcqukdr ntrh ehush dm chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc, hquëcch sd eulrkrè hutniètkehidmtd pnr dc ehm`k`htn skjukdmtd `d ch cksth h ch qud pdrtdmdzeh dc sustktutn. Dc sustktutn cn sdrè pnr dc tkdipn qud rdstd `d ihm`htn. Chs sustktueknmds, rdvneheknmds, `kiksknmds y dxtkmeknmds `d cns ihm`htns, sd eniumkehrèm h ch nakekmh p÷lckeh `d rdjkstrn y hc õrjhmn enipdtdmtd hmtd qukdm sd nstdmtd ch rdprdsdmthekõm, pulckeèm`nsd, hskiksin, dm dc thlcõm `d hmumekns.
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Htdmekõm Cns aumeknmhrkns p÷lckens dgdredrèm su `drdefn hc vntn dm chs Idshs dcdetnrhcds dsthlcdek`hs y qud enrrdspnm`hm hc pudstn `d trhlhgn `dsdipdøh`n.
4:;
Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
Ch H`ikmkstrhekõm p÷lckeh enrrdspnm`kdmtd ahekckthrè dc edmsn `d aumeknmhrkns y cns id`kns pdrsnmhcds y ihtdrkhcds phrh ch edcdlrhekõm `d chs dcdeeknmds. • Idshs dcdetnrhcds
Pnid mnth Ch Idsh dcdetnrhc. Aumeknmds7 - Fhedr p÷lcken dc edmsn enm km`kehekõm `d cns dcdetnrds - Akghr dc m· `d rdprdsdmthmtds y ch adefh tnpd phrh prdsdmthr ehm`k`hturhs - \deklk r y prnech ihr chs ehm`k`hturhs - Udøhchr ch adefh `d vnthekõm - \d`hethr dc heth `d dserutkmkn dm pchzn mn supdrknr h 5 `éhs mhturhcds
462
Cns aumeknmhrkns p÷lckens dgdredrèm su `drdefn hc vntn dm chs Idshs dcdetnrhcds dsthlcdek`hs y qud enrrdspnm`hm hc pudstn `d trhlhgn `dsdipdøh`n. Cns skm`kehtns enm ehphek`h` phrh prninvdr dcdeeknmds dm eh`h umk`h` dcdetnrhc pn`rèm henr`hr dm ch iksih, pnr ihynréh, dc m÷idrn y ch `kstrkluekõm `d chs `kstkmths Idshs dcdetnrhcds. Dm ehsn `d mn dxkstkr heudr`n, sd enmstktukrè umh Idsh dcdetnrhc pnr eh`h <42 aumeknmhrkns n arheekõm, ntnrjèm`nsd ch aheucth` `d `kstrklukr chs Idshs dxkstdmtds, sk ësths audrhm vhrkhs, h ch Idsh dcdetnrhc ennr`kmh`nrh. Ukm pdrgukekn `d chs aumeknmds qud enrrdspnm`dm h ch Idsh dcdetnrhc ennr`kmh`nrh, h chs Idshs dcdetnrhcds, umh vdz enmstktuk`hs, enipdtd vkjkchr dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc, `dtdrikmhr ch cksth `d dcdetnrds, akghr dc m÷idrn `d rdprdsdmthmtds h dcdjkr, rdeklkr ch prdsdmthekõm `d ehm`k`hturhs y prnechihr chs iksihs, akghr ch adefh y prdsk`kr ch vnthekõm, rdhckzhr dc dserutkmkn `d cns rdsucth`ns, cdvhmthr chs heths enrrdspnm`kdmtds y `hr trhsch`n `d chs iksihs h ch nakekmh p÷lckeh `d rdjkstrn y h cns `diès kmtdrdsh`ns. Ch Idsh dcdetnrhc ennr`kmh`nrh dsthrè anrih`h pnr dc Rrdsk`dmtd, qud sdrè dc aumeknmhrkn `d iès hmtkjód`h`, `d heudr`n enm dc tkdipn `d sdrvkekns rdenmnek`n y `ns Qnehcds qud sdrèm cns aumeknmhrkns `d ihynr y idmnr d`h` `d dmtrd cns kmecuk`ns dm dc edmsn enrrdspnm`kdmtd. Cns Rrdsk`dmtds y Qnehcds `d chs `diès Idshs dcdetnrhcds sdrèm cns qud skjhm dm iès hmtkjód`h`, ihynr y idmnr d`h` dm ch iksih umk`h` dcdetnrhc. Dc Qnehc `d idmnr d`h` hetuhrè `d Uderdthrkn. Ud `dskjmhrèm supcdmtds h hqudccns aumeknmhrkns qud skjhm h cns tktuchrds `d ch Idsh dcdetnrhc dm dc nr`dm km`keh`n `d hmtkjód`h` n d`h`. Ch Idsh dcdetnrhc ennr`kmh`nrh, umh vdz enmstktuk`h, tdm`rè chs skjukdmtds aumeknmds7 h) Qkjkchr dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc enm nlgdtn `d prdsdrvhr ch umk`h` dcdetnrhc. l) Akghr cns erktdrkns h tdmdr dm eudmth dm dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc. e) @kstrklukr dc m÷idrn `d idshs dcdetnrhcds dm aumekõm `d cns edmtrns `d trhlhgn dxkstdmtds. `) @dtdrikmhr ch cksth `d dcdetnrds. d) Akghr dc m÷idrn `d rdprdsdmthmtds h dcdjkr. a) \deklkr ch prdsdmthekõm `d ehm`k`htns.
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
Eniumkeh`n hc õrjhmn enipdtdmtd dm ihtdrkh `d pdrsnmhc `d ch umk`h` dcdetnrhc hadeth`h, enmanrid h cn `kspudstn dm dc hrt. 85, hphrth`n < `d ch prdsdmtd Cdy, dc prnpõsktn `d edcdlrhr dcdeeknmds pnr sus prnintnrds, `kefn õrjhmn jdstnr `d pdrsnmhc dxpnm`rè dm dc thlcõm `d hmumekns dc dserktn `d prninekõm `urhmtd `ned `éhs fèlkcds. Prhmseurrk`n dstd pdrén`n `hrè trhsch`n `dc dserktn `d prninekõm h cns aumeknmhrkns qud, `dldrèm enmstktukr ch Idsh n, dm su ehsn, chs Idshs dcdetnrhcds, pnmkëm`ncn skiuctèmdhidmtd dm enmnekikdmtn `d cns prnintnrds. Chs Idshs dcdetnrhcds sd enmstktukrèm anrihcidmtd, id`khmtd heth ntnrjh`h hc dadetn, dm ch adefh akgh`h pnr cns prnintnrds dm su eniumkehekõm `dc prnpõsktn `d edcdlrhr dcdeeknmds, qud sdrè ch adefh `d kmkekhekõm `dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc. Euhm`n sd trhtd `d dcdeeknmds h @dcdjh`n `d pdrsnmhc, dc õrjhmn jdstnr `d pdrsnmhc, dm dc iksin tërikmn, rdiktkrè h cns enipnmdmtds `d ch Idsh dcdetnrhc edmsn `d aumeknmhrkns, qud sd hgusthrè, h dstns d stns dadetns, h in`dcn mnrihckzh`n. Ch Idsh dcdetnrhc euipckrè chs skjukdmtds aumeknmds7 - Fhrè p÷lcken dmtrd cns trhlhgh`nrds dc edmsn enm km`kehekõm km`kehekõm `d qukëmds snm dcdetnrds. - Akghrè dc m÷idrn `d `d rdprdsdmthmtds y ch adefh tnpd tnpd phrh ch prdsdmthekõm `d ehm`k`hturhs. ehm`k`hturhs. - \deklkrè y prnechihrè chs ehm`k`hturhs qud sd prdsdmtdm. - Udøhchrè ch adefh `d vnthekõm. - \d`hethrè dc heth `d dserutkmkn dm um pchzn mn supdrknr h trds `éhs mhturhcds. Cns pchzns phrh eh`h umn `d cns hetns sdrèm sdøhch`ns pnr ch Idsh enm erktdrkns `d rhznmhlkck`h` y sdj÷m cn henmsdghm chs ekreumsthmekhs, pdrn, dm tn`n ehsn, dmtrd su enmstktuekõm y ch adefh `d chs dcdeeknmds mn id`khrèm iès `d `kdz `éhs. Dm dc ehsn `d dcdeeknmds dm edmtrns `d trhlhgn `d fhsth trdkmth trhlhgh`nrds dm cns qud sd dckjd um sncn @dcdjh`n `d pdrsnmhc, `ds`d ch enmstktuekõm `d ch Idsh fhsth cns hetns `d vnthekõm y prnechihekõm `d ehm`k`htns dcdetns fhlrè `d trhmseurrkr vdkmtkeuhtrn fnrhs, `dlkdm`n, dm tn`n ehsn, ch Idsh fhedr p÷lckeh enm ch suakekdmtd hmtdchekõm ch fnrh `d edcdlrhekõm `d ch vnthekõm. Uk sd fulkdrh prdsdmth`n hcjumh rdechihekõm sd fhrè enmsthr dm dc heth, hsé enin ch rdsncuekõm qud fhyh tnih`n ch Idsh. Euhm`n sd trhtd `d dcdeeknmds h Gumth `d Rdrsnmhc, chs Idshs dcdetnrhcds nltdm`rèm `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm dc edmsn `d aumeknmhrkns y enmadeeknmhrèm enm cns id`kns qud cds fhlrè `d ahekckthr ch H`ikmkstrhekõm p÷lckeh enrrdspnm`kdmtd ch cksth `d dcdetnrds, qud sd fhrè p÷lckeh dm cns thlcnmds `d hmumekns `d tn`ns cns edmtrns `d trhlhgn, id`khmtd su dxpnskekõm `urhmtd um tkdipn mn kmadrknr h sdtdmth y `ns fnrhs. Ch Idsh rdsncvdrè euhcqukdr kmek`dmekh n rdechihekõm rdchtkvh h kmecusknmds, dxecusknmds n enrrdeeknmds qud sd prdsdmtdm fhsth vdkmtkeuhtrn fnrhs `dspuës `d fhldr akmhckzh`n dc pchzn `d dxpnskekõm `d ch cksth y pulckehrè ch cksth `dakmktkvh `dmtrn `d chs vdkmtkeuhtrn fnrhs skjukdmtds. H enmtkmuhekõm, ch Idsh, n dc enmgumtn `d dcchs, `dtdrikmhrè dc m÷idrn `d rdprdsdmthmtds qud fhyhm `d sdr dcdjk`ns. Chs ehm`k`hturhs sd prdsdmthrèm hmtd chs Idshs dcdetnrhcds `urhmtd cns mudvd `éhs fèlkcds skjukdmtds h ch pulckehekõm `d ch cksth `dakmktkvh `d dcdetnrds. Ch prnechihekõm sd fhrè dm cns `ns `éhs chlnrhlcds kmid`khthidmtd pnstdrknrds h ch adefh `d enmecuskõm `d `kefn pchzn, pulckeèm`nsd dm cns thlcnmds `d hmumekns ekth`ns. Enmtrh dc heudr`n `d prnechihekõm sd pn`rè rdechihr `dmtrn `dc `éh fèlkc skjukdmtd hmtd chs prnpkhs Idshs, rdsncvkdm`n ësths dm dc prkidr `éh chlnrhlcd pnstdrknr h thc adefh. Dmtrd ch prnechihekõm `d ehm`k`htns y ch vnthekõm id`khrè um pchzn `d, hc idmns, ekmen `éhs fèlkcds. Euhm`n euhcqukdrh `d cns enipnmdmtds `d umh Idsh sdh ehm`k`htn edshrè dm ch iksih y cd sustktukrè dm dcch su supcdmtd.
d`ktnrkhc } edp
468
Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
Eh`h ehm`k`hturh phrh chs dcdeeknmds h Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc n, dm su ehsn, eh`h ehm`k`htn phrh ch dcdeekõm `d @dcdjh`ns `d pdrsnmhc, pn`rè mnilrhr um Kmtdrvdmtnr `d Idsh. Hskiksin, ch H`ikmkstrhekõm enrrdspnm`kdmtd pn`rè `dskjmhr um rdprdsdmthmtd qud hsksth h ch vnthekõm y hc dserutkmkn, enm vnz pdrn skm vntn. Dc hetn `d vnthekõm sd dadetuhrè dm cns edmtrns n cujhrds `d trhlhgn, dm ch Idsh qud enrrdspnm`h h eh`h dcdetnr y `urhmtd ch gnrmh`h chlnrhc, tdmkëm`nsd dm eudmth, dm su ehsn, chs mnrihs qud rdjucdm dc vntn pnr enrrdn. Dc vntn sdrè cklrd, sderdtn, pdrsnmhc y `krdetn, `dpnsktèm`nsd dm urmhs edrrh`hs chs phpdcdths, qud dm thihøn, encnr, kiprdskõm y ehck`h` `d phpdc, sdrèm `d kjuhcds ehrhetdréstkehs dm eh`h umk`h` dcdetnrhc. Kmid`khthidmtd `dspuës `d edcdlrh`h ch vnthekõm, chs Idshs dcdetnrhcds prned`drèm p÷lckehidmtd hc rdeudmtn `d vntns, id`khmtd ch cdeturh, dm hcth vnz, `d chs phpdcdths. @dc rdsucth`n `dc dserutkmkn sd cdvhmthrè heth, dm ch qud enmsthrè, hc idmns, h`diès `d ch enipnskekõm `d ch Idsh n Idshs, dc m÷idrn `d vnthmtds, cns vntns nltdmk`ns pnr eh`h cksth, hsé enin, dm su ehsn, cns vntns mucns y chs `diès kmek`dmekhs fhlk`hs. Tmh vdz rd`heth`h dc heth, ësth sdrè akrih`h pnr cns enipnmdmtds `d ch Idsh n Idshs, cns Kmtdrvdmtnrds y cns rdprdsdmthmtds `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm enrrdspnm`kdmtd, sk cns fulkdrd. Chs Idshs dcdetnrhcds prdsdmthrèm `urhmtd cns trds `éhs fèlkcds skjukdmtds hc `d ch akmhckzhekõm `dc dserutkmkn, enpkhs `d thc heth h ch H`ikmkstrhekõm p÷lckeh hadeth`h, h chs Nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds qud fulkdrhm prdsdmth`n ehm`k`hturhs, h cns rdprdsdmthmtds dcdetns y h ch @krdeekõm Jdmdrhc `d ch Aumekõm R÷lckeh `dc Ikmkstdrkn phrh chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs, enin õrjhmn qud nstdmth ch Uderdthréh `dc Enmsdgn Uupdrknr `d ch Aumekõm R÷lckeh, dxpnmkdm`n ntrh enpkh `dc heth dm dc thlcõm `d hmumekns `d eh`h umn `d cns edmtrns `d trhlhgn `d ch umk`h` dcdetnrhc dm `nm`d qud`hrèm prnechih`ns nakekhcidmtd cns rdsucth`ns dcdetnrhcds. Hskiksin, dc Rrdsk`dmtd `d ch Idsh dcdetnrhc n dc Qnehc dm dc qud sd `dcdjud pnr dserktn, prdsdmthrè, dm dc iksin pdrén`n `d cns trds `éhs fèlkcds skjukdmtds hc `d ch enmecuskõm `dc dserutkmkn, dc nrkjkmhc `dc heth, gumtn enm chs phpdcdths `d vntns mucns n kipujmh`ns pnr cns Kmtdrvdmtnrds y chs heths `d enmstktuekõm `d chs Idshs, dm ch nakekmh p÷lckeh `d rdjkstrn, ch euhc prned`drè, dm dc kmid`khtn `éh fèlkc, h ch pulckehekõm dm sus thlcnmds `d hmumekns `d umh enpkh `dc heth, dmtrdjhm`n ntrhs enpkhs h cns skm`kehtns qud cn snckektdm y h ch H`ikmkstrhekõm p÷lckeh hadeth`h, enm km`kehekõm `d ch adefh dm qud akmhckzh dc pchzn phrh kipujmhrch. Ihmtdm`rè dc `dpõsktn `d chs phpdcdths fhsth euipckrsd cns pchzns `d kipujmhekõm y, trhmseurrk`ns `kdz `éhs fèlkcds `ds`d ch pulckehekõm, prned`drè h ch kmserkpekõm `d chs heths dcdetnrhcds dm dc rdjkstrn dsthlcdek`n hc dadetn, n lkdm `dmdjhrè `kefh kmserkpekõm. • \djkstrn `d heths
Enrrdspnm`d h ch nakekmh p÷lckeh dc rdjkstrn `d chs heths, hsé enin ch dxpd`kekõm `d enpkhs hutëmtkehs `d chs iksihs y, h rdqudrkikdmtn `dc skm`kehtn kmtdrdsh`n, `d chs edrtkakeheknmds herd`kthtkvhs `d su ehphek`h` rdprdsdmthtkvh h cns dadetns `d cns hrts. 1 y : `d ch Cdy Nrjèmkeh 88/8;64, `d < `d hjnstn, `d Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc, y `d cns hrts. 52 y 58 `d dsth Cdy. @kefhs edrtkakeheknmds enmskjmhrèm sk dc skm`kehtn tkdmd n mn ch enm`kekõm `d iès rdprdsdmthtkvn n rdprdsdmthtkvn, shcvn qud dc dgdrekekn `d chs aumeknmds n aheucth`ds enrrdspnm`kdmtds rdqukdrhm ch prdekskõm `d ch enmerdth rdprdsdmthtkvk`h` nstdmth`h. H cns dadetns `d dxpd`kekõm `d chs edrtkakeheknmds herd`kthtkvhs `d ch ehphek`h` rdprdsdmthtkvh dm dc èilktn dsththc, chs Eniumk`h`ds Hutõmnihs enm enipdtdmekhs phrh ch dgdeuekõm `d aumeknmds dm ihtdrkh `d `dpõsktn `d heths rdchtkvhs h chs dcdeeknmds `d õrjhmns `d rdprdsdmthekõm, `dldrèm rdiktkr idmsuhcidmtd enpkh `d chs heths dcdetnrhcds rdjkstrh`hs h ch nakekmh p÷lckeh dsththc. Ch `dmdjhekõm `dc rdjkstrn `d um heth pnr ch nakekmh p÷lckeh sõcn pn`rè fhedrsd euhm`n sd trhtd `d heths qud mn vhyhm dxtdm`k`hs dm dc in`dcn nakekhc mnrihckzh`n, ahcth `d eniumkehekõm `d ch prninekõm dcdetnrhc h ch nakekmh p÷lckeh `d rdjkstrn, ahcth `d ch akrih `dc Rrdsk`dmtd `d ch Idsh dcdetnrhc y nikskõm n kcdjklkck`h` dm chs heths `d hcjumn `d cns `htns qud kipk`h dc eõiputn dcdetnrhc. 46<
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
Dm dstns supudstns, ch nakekmh p÷lckeh rdqudrkrè, `dmtrn `dc `éh skjukdmtd fèlkc, hc Rrdsk`dmtd `d ch Idsh dcdetnrhc phrh qud dm dc pchzn `d `kdz `éhs fèlkcds prned`h h ch sulshmhekõm enrrdspnm`kdmtd. @kefn rdqudrkikdmtn sdrè eniumkeh`n h cns skm`kehtns qud fhyhm nltdmk`n rdprdsdmthekõm y hc rdstn `d chs ehm`k`hturhs. Tmh vdz dadetuh`h ch sulshmhekõm, ch nakekmh p÷lckeh prned`drè hc rdjkstrn `dc heth dcdetnrhc enrrdspnm`kdmtd. Prhmseurrk`n `kefn pchzn skm qud sd fhyh dadetuh`n ch sulshmhekõm, n mn rdhckzh`h ësth dm anrih, ch nakekmh p÷lckeh prned`drè dm dc pchzn `d `kdz `éhs fèlkcds h `dmdjhr dc rdjkstrn, eniumkeèm`ncn h cns skm`kehtns qud fhyhm nltdmk`n rdprdsdmthekõm y hc Rrdsk`dmtd `d ch Idsh. Dm dc ehsn `d qud ch `dmdjhekõm `dc rdjkstrn sd `dlh h husdmekh `d eniumkehekõm `d ch prninekõm dcdetnrhc h ch nakekmh p÷lckeh `d rdjkstrn, mn ehlrè rdqudrkikdmtn `d sulshmhekõm, pnr cn qud, eniprnlh`h ch ahcth pnr ch nakekmh p÷lckeh, ësth prned`drè skm iès trèiktd h ch `dmdjhekõm `dc rdjkstrn, eniumkeèm`ncn hc Rrdsk`dmtd `d ch Idsh dcdetnrhc h cns skm`kehtns qud fhyhm nltdmk`n rdprdsdmthekõm y hc rdstn `d chs ehm`k`hturhs. • Kipujmheknmds
Ch rdsncuekõm `dmdjhtnrkh `dc rdjkstrn pn`rè sdr kipujmh`h hmtd dc nr`dm Gurks`keeknmhc Unekhc, h trhvës `d ch in`hck`h` prnedshc dsthlcdek`h dm dc Cklrn KK, Pétucn KK, ehpétucn Q, sdeekõm sdjum`h, sulsdeekõm sdjum`h `dc tdxtn hrtkeuch`n `d ch Cdy `d Rrned`kikdmtn Chlnrhc. Chs kipujmheknmds dm ihtdrkh dcdetnrhc sd trhikthrèm enmanrid hc prned`kikdmtn hrlktrhc, enm dxedpekõm `d chs rdechiheknmds enmtrh chs `dmdjheknmds `d kmserkpekõm, dm chs euhcds pn`rè npthrsd dmtrd ch prninekõm `d `kefn hrlktrhgd n dc pchmtdhikdmtn `krdetn `d ch kipujmhekõm hmtd ch Gurks`keekõm Unekhc. Pn`ns cns qud tdmjhm kmtdrës cdjétkin pn`rèm kipujmhr ch dcdeekõm, chs `deksknmds qud h`nptdm chs Idshs, hsé enin euhcqukdr ntrh hetuhekõm `d chs iksihs h cn chrjn `dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc, aum`èm`nsd phrh dccn dm ch dxkstdmekh `d vkekns jrhvds qud pu`kdrhm hadethr h chs jhrhmtéhs `dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc y qud hctdrdm su rdsucth`n, dm ch ahcth `d ehphek`h` n cdjktkik`h` `d cns ehm`k`htns dcdjk`ns, dm ch `ksenr`hmekh dmtrd dc heth y dc `dshrrnccn `dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc y dm ch ahcth `d enrrdchekõm dmtrd dc m÷idrn `d aumeknmhrkns qud akjurhm dm dc heth `d dcdeeknmds y dc m÷idrn `d rdprdsdmthmtds dcdjk`ns. Ch kipujmhekõm `d hetns `d ch Idsh dcdetnrhc rdqudrkrè fhldr dadetuh`n rdechihekõm hmtd ch iksih `dmtrn `dc `éh chlnrhlcd skjukdmtd hc hetn `d vnthekõm, ch euhc `dldrè sdr rdsudcth pnr `kefh Idsh dm dc pnstdrknr `éh fèlkc. Udrèm èrlktrns cns `dskjmh`ns enmanrid hc prned`kikdmtn qud sd rdjuch dm dstd hphrth`n, shcvn dm dc ehsn `d qud chs phrtds `d um prned`kikdmtn hrlktrhc sd puskdrhm `d heudr`n dm ch `dskjmhekõm `d um èrlktrn `kstkmtn. d`ktnrkhc } edp
Kipnrthmtd Ch `urhekõm `dc ihm`htn `d cns èrlktrns sdrè `d ekmen høns, skdm`n susedptklcd `d rdmnvhekõm.
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Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
Htdmekõm Ikdmtrhs sd `dshrrnccd dc prned`kikdmtn hrlktrhc y, dm su ehsn, ch pnstdrknr kipujmhekõm gu`kekhc, qud`hrè phrhckzh`h ch trhikthekõm `d um mudvn prned`kikdmtn hrlktrhc. Dc pchmtdhikdmtn `dc hrlktrhgd kmtdrruipkrè cns pchzns `d prdserkpekõm.
460
Dc èrlktrn n èrlktrns sdrèm `dskjmh`ns, enm hrrdjcn h cns prkmekpkns `d mdutrhck`h` y prnadsknmhck`h`, dmtrd Ckedmekh`ns dm @drdefn, Jrh`uh`ns Unekhcds n tktuchekõm dqukvhcdmtd, pnr heudr`n umèmkid `d cns skm`kehtns iès rdprdsdmthtkvns, h mkvdc dsththc n `d Eniumk`h`ds Hutõmnihs, `d cns qud nstdmtdm dc 82 pnr 822 n iès `d cns @dcdjh`ns `d pdrsnmhc y `d cns ikdilrns `d chs Gumths `d Rdrsnmhc dm dc èilktn `d tn`hs chs H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs, y `d cns qud nstdmtdm dc 82 pnr 822 n iès `d rdprdsdmthmtds dm dc èilktn tdrrktnrkhc, aumeknmhc n `d ch umk`h` dcdetnrhc enrrdspnm`kdmtd. Uk mn dxkstkdrh heudr`n umèmkid dmtrd cns skm`kehtns sdøhch`ns hmtdrknridmtd, ch anrih `d `dskjmhekõm sdrè ch prdvksth dm ch cdjkschekõm chlnrhc. Ch H`ikmkstrhekõm ahekckthrè ch utkckzhekõm `d sus id`kns pdrsnmhcds y ihtdrkhcds pnr cns èrlktrns, dm ch id`k`h mdedshrkh phrh qud ëstns `dshrrnccdm sus aumeknmds. Euhm`n ch kipujmhekõm hadetd h cns prnedsns dcdetnrhcds rdjuch`ns dm dsth Cdy, cns èrlktrns `dldrèm hlstdmdrsd n, dm su `dadetn, pn`rèm sdr rdeush`ns, dm cns supudstns skjukdmtds7 h) Pdmdr kmtdrës pdrsnmhc dm dc hsumtn `dc qud sd trhtd. l) Udr aumeknmhrkn h`serktn h ch umk`h` dcdetnrhc hadeth`h pnr pnr dc hrlktrhgd. e) Pdmdr phrdmtdsen `d enmshmjukmk`h` `dmtrn `dc euhrtn jrh`n n hakmk`h` `dmtrn `dc sdjum`n enm euhcqukdrh `d cns kmtdrdsh`ns, n enm cns hsdsnrds, rdprdsdmthmtds cdjhcds n ihm`hthrkns qud kmtdrvdmjhm dm dc prned`kikdmtn. `) Eniphrtkr `dsphefn prnadsknmhc, prnadsknmhc, dsthr hsnekh`n, tdmdr hiksth` émtkih n dmdiksth` ihmkakdsth enm hcjumh `d chs pdrsnmhs idmeknmh`hs hmtdrknridmtd. d) Pdmdr rdchekõm `d sdrvkekn enm pdrsnmh mhturhc n guré`keh kmtdrdsh`h `krdethidmtd dm dc hsumtn n fhldrcd prdsth`n dm cns ÷ctkins `ns høns sdrvkekns prnadsknmhcds `d euhcqukdr tkpn y dm euhcqukdr ekreumsthmekh n cujhr. Dc prned`kikdmtn hrlktrhc sd kmkekhrè id`khmtd dserktn `krkjk`n h ch nakekmh p÷lckeh prnvkmekhc enrrdspnm`kdmtd, `dc euhc cns prnpkns snckekthmtds `dc hrlktrhgd trhsch`hrèm enpkhs h cns prnintnrds `dc prnedsn dcdetnrhc y h cns skm`kehtns, enhckeknmds n jrupns `d aumeknmhrkns qud fhyhm prdsdmth`n ehm`k`htns h chs dcdeeknmds nlgdtn `d kipujmhekõm. Dstd dserktn, dm dc qud akjurhrèm cns fdefns qud sd trhthm `d kipujmhr, `dldrè prdsdmthrsd dm um pchzn `d trds `éhs fèlkcds, enmth`ns `ds`d dc `éh skjukdmtd h hquëc dm qud sd fulkdrhm prn`uek`n cns fdefns n rdsudctn ch rdechihekõm pnr ch Idsh? dm dc ehsn `d kipujmheknmds prninvk`hs pnr skm`kehtns qud mn fulkdrhm prdsdmth`n ehm`k`hturhs dm dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn dm dc qud sd fulkdrh edcd lrh`n ch dcdeekõm, cns trds `éhs sd eniputhrèm `ds`d dc `éh dm qud sd enmnzeh dc fdefn kipujmhlcd. Uk sd kipujmhsdm hetns
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
`dc `éh `d ch vnthekõm n pnstdrknrds hc iksin, dc pchzn sdrè `d `kdz `éhs fèlkcds, enmth`ns h phrtkr `d ch dmtrh`h `d chs heths dm ch nakekmh p÷lckeh. Ikdmtrhs sd `dshrrnccd dc prned`kikdmtn hrlktrhc y, dm su ehsn, ch pnstdrknr kipujmhekõm gu`kekhc, qud`hrè phrhckzh`h ch trhikthekõm `d um mudvn prned`kikdmtn hrlktrhc. Dc pchmtdhikdmtn `dc hrlktrhgd kmtdrruipkrè cns pchzns `d prdserkpekõm. Ch nakekmh p÷lckeh `hrè trhsch`n hc èrlktrn `dc dserktn dm dc `éh fèlkc pnstdrknr h su rdedpekõm, hsé enin `d umh enpkh `dc dxpd`kdmtd dcdetnrhc h`ikmkstrhtkvn. Uk sd fulkdrhm prdsdmth`n heths dcdetnrhcds phrh rdjkstrn, sd suspdm`drè su trhikthekõm. Dm chs vdkmtkeuhtrn fnrhs skjukdmtds dc èrlktrn enmvnehrè h chs phrtds kmtdrdsh`hs `d eniphrdedmekh hmtd ëc, cn qud fhlrè `d tdmdr cujhr dm cns trds `éhs fèlkcds skjukdmtds. Uk chs phrtds, hmtds `d eniphrdedr hmtd dc èrlktrn `dskjmh`n `d enmanrik`h` h cn dsthlcdek`n dm dc hrt. <6, hphrth`n 5, `d dsth Cdy, sd puskdrhm `d heudr`n y `dskjmhrdm umn `kstkmtn, cn mntkakehrèm h ch nakekmh p÷lckeh phrh qud `ë trhsch`n h dstd èrlktrn `dc dxpd`kdmtd h`ikmkstrhtkvn dcdetnrhc, enmtkmuhm`n enm dc iksin dc rdstn `dc prned`kikdmtn. Dc èrlktrn, prdvkh prèetkeh `d chs prudlhs prned`dmtds n enmanrids h @drdefn, qud pn`rèm kmecukr ch pdrsnmhekõm dm dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn y ch snckektu` `d ch enchlnrhekõm mdedshrkh `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm p÷lckeh hadeth`h y `d ntrhs kmsthmekhs h`ikmkstrhtkvhs, `kethrè chu`n dserktn y rhznmh`n `dmtrn `d cns trds `éhs fèlkcds skjukdmtds h ch eniphrdedmekh `d chs phrtds, rdsncvkdm`n dm `drdefn snlrd ch kipujmhekõm dcdetnrhc y, dm su ehsn, snlrd dc rdjkstrn `d chs heths. Dc chu`n sdrè mntkakeh`n pnr dc èrlktrn h cns kmtdrdsh`ns y h ch nakekmh p÷lckeh prnvkmekhc enipdtdmtd, ch euhc, sk sd fulkdsd kipujmh`n ch vnthekõm, n ch `dmdjhekõm `dc rdjkstrn, prned`drè h ch kmserkpekõm `dc heth n h su rdefhzn, sdj÷m dc enmtdmk`n `dc chu`n. @kefn chu`n hrlktrhc pn`rè sdr kipujmh`n hmtd dc nr`dm Gurks`keeknmhc Unekhc, h trhvës `d ch in`hck`h` prnedshc dsthlcdek`h dm dc Cklrn KK, Pétucn KK, ehpétucn Q, sdeekõm sdjum`h, sulsdeekõm prkidrh `dc tdxtn hrtkeuch`n `d ch Cdy `d Rrned`kikdmtn Chlnrhc. Pëmjhsd dm eudmth qud ch Cdy ;/8;6:, `d 8< `d gumkn, fh sk`n `drnjh`h, dxedptn su hrtéeucn : y enm ch dxedpekõm enmtdipch`h dm ch `kspnskekõm trhmsktnrkh qukmth `dc Dsthtutn Lèsken `dc Dipcdh`n R÷lcken, qud dsthlcded qud, dm thmtn sd `dtdrikmd dc prned`kikdmtn dcdetnrhc jdmdrhc prdvkstn dm su hrtéeucn 5;, sd ihmtdm`rèm enm ehrèetdr `d mnrihtkvh lèskeh cns skjukdmtds hrtéeucns `d ch Cdy ;/8;6:, `d 8< `d gumkn, `d õrjhmns `d rdprdsdmthekõm, `dtdrikmhekõm `d chs enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn y phrtkekphekõm `dc pdrsnmhc hc sdrvkekn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs7 85.<, 85.5, 85.0, 85.4, 85.1, 84, 81, 8:, 86, 8;, <2, <8, <4, <1, <:, <6 y <; enmanrid dsthlcded ch cdtrh e) `d ch `kspnskekõm `drnjhtnrkh ÷mkeh `d ch Cdy :/<22:, `d 8< `d hlrkc, `dc Dsthtutn Lèsken `dc Dipcdh`n R÷lcken («L.N.D.¿ 85 hlrkc), dc 85 `d ihyn `d <22:. Ud rdktdrh ch `drnjhekõm pnr ch cdtrh e) `d ch `kspnskekõm `drnjhtnrkh ÷mkeh `dc Pdxtn \daum`k`n `d ch Cdy `dc Dsthtutn Lèsken `dc Dipcdh`n R÷lcken hprnlh`n pnr \
[email protected]. 4/<284 `d 52 `d netulrd («L.N.D.¿ 58 netulrd), enm dc hcehmed dsthlcdek`n dm dc hphrth`n < `d su `kspnskekõm akmhc euhrth, y dm cns iksins tërikmns dsthlcdek`ns hmtdrknridmtd.
5.
DC @D\DEFN H CH FTDCJH
5.8 Enmedptn y ehrhetdrds Cns enmacketns `d trhlhgn pud`dm sdr `dakmk`ns enin tn`h sktuhekõm guré`keh qud sd prn`ued h enmsdeudmekh `d ch hctdrhekõm nehsknmh`h dm dc `dshrrnccn n dm ch dxtkmekõm `d umh rdchekõm guré`keh chlnrhc, y qud sd pchmtdh dmtrd cns sugdtns `d ch iksih n dmtrd chs phrtds `d um enmvdmkn encdetkvn.
d`ktnrkhc } edp
464
Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
Ch fudcjh ds ch anrih `d dxtdrknrkzhekõm iès kipnrthmtd `d cns enmacketns encdetkvns, y enmskstd dm ch edshekõm vncumthrkh `dc trhlhgn rdhckzh`h pnr um encdetkvn `d trhlhgh`nrds phrh `dadm`dr sus kmtdrdsds n vhrkhr sus enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn. Ud pud`d ehrhetdrkzhr ch fudcjh pnr chs skjukdmtds mnths7 8) Ds um `drdefn aum`hidmthc prdvkstn dm dc hrt. <6.< ED, qud rdenmned rdenmned dc `drdefn h ch fudcjh `d cns trhlhgh`nrds phrh ch `dadmsh `d sus kmtdrdsds. Ch cdy qud rdjucd dc dgdrekekn `d dstd `drdefn dsthlcdedrè chs jhrhmtéhs prdekshs phrh hsdjurhr dc ihmtdmkikdmtn `d cns sdrvkekns dsdmekhcds `d ch eniumk`h`. <) Ds um hetn cklrd y vncumthrkn, humqud, kmkekh`h, pud`dm `hrsd sktuheknmds sktuheknmds hmnrihcds `d enheekõm mn hiphrh`hs pnr ch cdy, h trhvës `d chs euhcds sd `kakeuctd dc trhlhgn thmtn `d cns trhlhgh`nrds qud mn sd h`fkdrhm h ch fudcjh, enin `d cns h`serktns h ch prdsthekõm pnr sdrvkekns iémkins dm su ehsn. 5) Ds um hetn encdetkvn y pcurhc, rdhckzh`n pnr umh pcurhck`h` pcurhck`h` `d trhlhgh`nrds, humqud mn prdeksd `ds`d um pumtn `d vksth snekncõjken dc qud sdh nrjhmkzh`n (yh qud pud`d ihmkadsthrsd dspnmtèmdhidmtd). 0) Ehush ch suspdmskõm `d ch rdchekõm chlnrhc, puds pdriktd hc hiphrn `d ch cdy, kmtdrruipkr su hetkvk`h` chlnrhc, enm dadetns suspdmskvns y mn rdsncutnrkns. 4) Ud trhth `d umh hlstdmekõm `dc trhlhgn ehrhetdrkzh`h pnr dc prnpõsktn `d rdkmenrpnrhekõm rdkmenrpnrhekõm hc iksin dm umhs enm`keknmds iès ahvnrhlcds (thmtn dm su prdsthekõm jdmërkehidmtd dmtdm`k`h enin dm su rdiumdrhekõm). Dm enmecuskõm, ch fudcjh ds um hetn `d pdradeekõm `d um enmacketn encdetkvn chlnrhc, `d mhturhcdzh encdetkvh y denmõikeh, qud enmskstd dm ch edshekõm `dc trhlhgn ccdvh`h h ehln `d ihmdrh vncumthrkh.
5.< Mnrihtkvh H`diès `d su rdjuchekõm enmstktueknmhc enin `drdefn aum`hidmthc, enm chs enmsdeudmekhs qud dccn hphrdgh (hrt. <6.< ED), rdenjdm y rdjuchm dstd `drdefn7 - Dc hrt. 0.8 d) `dc Dsthtutn `d cns Prhlhgh`nrds. - Dc \dhc @derdtn-Cdy @derdtn-Cdy 8:/8;::, `d 0 `d ihrzn, ihrzn, snlrd \dcheknmds \dcheknmds `d Prhlhgn, Prhlhgn, ikdmtrhs mn sd `ketd umh umh rdjuchekõm dspdeéakeh. Tmh eudstkõm iuy `dlhtk`h ds ch rdadrdmtd hc `drdefn `d fudcjh `d cns aumeknmhrkns p÷lckens. Rhrded cõjken h`iktkr thc pnsklkck`h` enmanrid h `kstkmths rhznmds7 8) Ch fudcjh anrih phrtd `d cns `drdefns aum`hidmthcds y ckldrth`ds p÷lckehs p÷lckehs qud pud`dm sdr dgdrekth`hs pnr euhcqukdr eku`h`hmn, kmecuk`ns cns aumeknmhrkns. <) @d mn h`iktkr dc `drdefn `d fudcjh `d cns aumeknmhrkns, sd vucmdrhréh dc prkmekpkn prkmekpkn `d kjuhc`h` `dc hrt. 80 ED. 5) Dc Rhetn Kmtdrmheknmhc `d @drdefns Denmõikens, Denmõikens, Unekhcds y Eucturhcds, `d 8; `d `kekdilrd `d 8;11, rhtkakeh`n pnr Dsphøh dc 52 `d hlrkc `d 8;::, rdenmneéh dc `drdefn `d fudcjh `d cns aumeknmhrkns.
5.5 Rrned`kikdmtn (\dhc @derdtn-Cdy @derdtn-Cdy 8:/8;::, `d `d 0 `d ihrzn, ihrzn, snlrd rdcheknmds `d trhlhgn) H. Fudcjh Ch `dechrhekõm `d fudcjh, euhcqukdrh qud sdh su èilktn, dxkjd, dm tn`n ehsn, ch h`npekõm `d heudr`n dxprdsn dm thc sdmtk`n, dm eh`h edmtrn `d trhlhgn. 461
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
Dstèm aheucth`ns phrh henr`hr ch `dechrhekõm `d fudcjh7 h) Cns trhlhgh`nrds, h trhvës `d sus rdprdsdmthmtds. Dc heudr`n sdrè h`npth`n, h`npth`n, dm rdumkõm enmgumth `d `kefns rdprdsdmthmtds, pnr `dekskõm ihynrkthrkh `d cns iksins. @d ch rdumkõm, h ch qud fhlrèm `d hskstkr hc idmns dc :4 pnr 822 `d cns rdprdsdmthmtds, sd cdvhmthrè heth, qud `dldrèm akrihr cns hskstdmtds. l) @krdethidmtd cns prnpkns trhlhgh`nrds `dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn, hadeth`ns pnr dc enmacketn, euhm`n dc <4 pnr 822 `d ch pchmtkcch `dek`h sd snidth h vnthekõm `kefn heudr`n. Ch vnthekõm vnthekõm fhlrè `d sdr sderdth y sd `dek`krè pnr ihynréh skipcd. Dc rdsucth`n `d ësth sd fhrè enmsthr dm heth. Dc heudr`n `d `dechrhekõm `d fudcjh fhlrè `d sdr eniumkeh`n hc diprdshrkn n diprdshrkns hadeth`ns y h ch hutnrk`h` chlnrhc pnr cns rdprdsdmthmtds `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. Ch eniumkehekõm `d fudcjh `dldrè fhedrsd pnr dserktn y mntkakeh`h enm ekmen `éhs mhturhcds `d hmtdchekõm, hc idmns, h su adefh `d kmkekhekõm. Euhm`n dc heudr`n `d `dechrhekõm `d fudcjh cn h`nptdm `krdethidmtd cns trhlhgh`nrds id`khmtd vnthekõm, dc pchzn `d prdhvksn enidmzhrè h enmthrsd `ds`d qud cns rdprdsdmthmtds `d cns trhlhgh`nrds eniumkqudm hc diprdshrkn ch edcdlrhekõm `d ch iksih. Ch eniumkehekõm `d fudcjh fhlrè `d enmtdmdr cns nlgdtkvns `d ësth, jdstknmds rdhckzh`hs phrh rdsncvdr chs `kadrdmekhs, adefh `d su kmkekn y enipnskekõm `dc eniktë `d fudcjh. Euhm`n ch fudcjh hadetd h diprdshs dmehrjh`hs `d euhcqukdr echsd `d sdrvkekns p÷lckens, dc prdhvksn `dc enikdmzn `d fudcjh hc diprdshrkn y h ch hutnrk`h` chlnrhc fhlrè `d sdr, hc idmns, `d `kdz `éhs mhturhcds. Cns rdprdsdmthmtds `d cns trhlhgh`nrds `dldrèm `hr h ch fudcjh, hmtds `d su kmkekhekõm, ch pulckek`h` mdedshrkh phrh qud sdh enmnek`h pnr cns usuhrkns `dc sdrvkekn. Uõcn pn`rèm sdr dcdjk`ns ikdilrns `dc eniktë `d fudcjh trhlhgh`nrds `dc prnpkn edmtrn `d trhlhgn hadeth`ns pnr dc enmacketn. Ch enipnskekõm `dc eniktë `d fudcjh mn pn`rè dxed`dr `d `ned pdrsnmhs. Enrrdspnm`d hc eniktë `d fudcjh phrtkekphr dm euhmths hetuheknmds skm`kehcds, h`ikmkstrhtkvhs n gu`kekhcds sd rdhckedm phrh ch sncuekõm `dc enmacketn. Dc dgdrekekn `dc `drdefn `d fudcjh mn dxtkmjud ch rdchekõm `d trhlhgn, mk pud`d `hr cujhr h shmekõm hcjumh, shcvn qud dc trhlhgh`nr, `urhmtd ch iksih, kmeurrkdrh dm ahcth chlnrhc. @urhmtd ch fudcjh sd dmtdm`drè suspdm`k`n dc enmtrhtn `d trhlhgn y dc trhlhgh`nr mn tdm`rè `drdefn hc shchrkn. Dc trhlhgh`nr dm fudcjh pdrihmdedrè dm sktuhekõm `d hcth dspdekhc dm ch Udjurk`h` Unekhc, enm suspdmskõm `d ch nlckjhekõm `d entkzhekõm pnr phrtd `dc diprdshrkn y `dc prnpkn trhlhgh`nr. Dc trhlhgh`nr dm fudcjh mn tdm`rè `drdefn h ch prdsthekõm pnr `dsdipcdn, mk h ch denmõikeh pnr kmehphek`h` chlnrhc trhmsktnrkh. Ud rdspdthrè ch ckldrth` `d trhlhgn `d hqudccns trhlhgh`nrds qud mn qukskdrhm suihrsd h ch fudcjh. Dm thmtn `urd ch fudcjh, dc diprdshrkn mn pn`rè sustktukr h cns fudcjuksths pnr trhlhgh`nrds qud mn dstuvkdsdm vkmeuch`ns h ch diprdsh hc tkdipn `d sdr eniumkeh`h ch iksih. Dc dgdrekekn `dc `drdefn `d fudcjh fhlrè `d rdhckzhrsd, prdekshidmtd, id`khmtd ch edshekõm `d ch prdsthekõm `d sdrvkekns pnr cns trhlhgh`nrds hadeth`ns y skm neuphekõm pnr cns iksins `dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn n `d euhcqukdrh `d sus `dpdm`dmekhs. Chs fudcjhs rnthtnrkhs, chs dadetuh`hs pnr cns trhlhgh`nrds qud prdstdm sdrvkekns dm sdetnrds dstrhtëjkens enm ch akmhck`h` `d kmtdrruipkr dc prnedsn prn`uetkvn, chs `d edcn n rdjchidmtn y, dm jdmdrhc, euhcqukdr anrih `d hctdrhekõm encdetkvh dm dc rëjkidm `d trhlhgn `kstkmth h ch fudcjh, sd enmsk`drhrèm hetns kcéektns n hluskvns.
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46:
Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
Cns enmvdmkns encdetkvns pn`rèm dsthlcdedr mnrihs enipcdidmthrkhs rdcheknmh`hs enm cns prned`kikdmtns `d sncuekõm `d cns enmacketns qud `dm nrkjdm h ch fudcjh, hsé enin ch rdmumekh, `urhmtd su vkjdmekh, hc dgdrekekn `d thc `drdefn. @ds`d dc inidmtn `dc prdhvksn y `urhmtd ch fudcjh, dc eniktë `d fudcjh y dc diprdshrkn, y dm su ehsn cns rdprdsdmthmtds `dskjmh`ns pnr cns `kstkmtns eniktës `d fudcjh y pnr cns diprdshrkns hadeth`ns, `dldrèm mdjnekhr phrh ccdjhr h um heudr`n, skm pdrgukekn `d qud dm euhcqukdr inidmtn cns trhlhgh`nrds pud`hm `hr pnr tdrikmh`h hquëcch. Dc phetn qud pnmjh akm h ch fudcjh tdm`rè ch iksih dakehekh qud cn henr`h`n dm Enmvdmkn Encdetkvn. Ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn pn`rè dgdredr su aumekõm `d id`khekõm `ds`d qud sd eniumkqud ch fudcjh fhsth ch sncuekõm `dc enmacketn. Euhm`n ch fudcjh sd `dechrd dm diprdshs dmehrjh`hs `d ch prdsthekõm `d euhcqukdr jëmdrn `d sdrvkekns p÷lckens n `d rdenmnek`h d kmhpchzhlcd mdedsk`h` y enmeurrhm ekreumsthmekhs `d dspdekhc jrhvd`h`, ch hutnrk`h` juldrmhtkvh pn`rè henr`hr chs id`k`hs mdedshrkhs phrh hsdjurhr dc aumeknmhikdmtn `d cns sdrvkekns. Dc Jnlkdrmn, hskiksin, pn`rè h`npthr h thcds akmds chs id`k`hs `d kmtdrvdmekõm h`deuh`hs. Ch fudcjh ds kcdjhc7 h) Euhm`n sd kmkekd n snstdmjh pnr intkvns intkvns pncétkens n enm euhcqukdr ntrh ntrh akmhck`h` hgdmh hc kmtdrës prnadsknmhc `d cns trhlhgh`nrds hadeth`ns. l) Euhm`n sdh `d snck`hrk`h` snck`hrk`h` n hpnyn, hpnyn, shcvn qud hadetd hc kmtdrës kmtdrës prnadsknmhc `d qukdmds ch prniudvhm n snstdmjhm. e) Euhm`n tdmjh pnr nlgdtn hctdrhr, `dmtrn `d `d su pdrén`n `d vkjdmekh, cn pheth`n dm um enmvdmkn n cn dsthlcdek`n pnr chu`n. `) Euhm`n sd prn`uzeh enmtrhvkmkdm`n enmtrhvkmkdm`n cn `kspudstn dm dc prdsdmtd \dhc @derdtn-cdy, n cn dxprdshidmtd pheth`n dm enmvdmkn encdetkvn phrh ch sncuekõm s ncuekõm `d enmacketns. Ch fudcjh pud`d tdrikmhr pnr hcjumh `d chs skjukdmtds ehushs7 8. @dekskõm `d `d cns cns prnpkns prnpkns trhlhgh`nrds. <. Rhetn dmtrd diprdshrkns y trhlhgh`nrds, trhlhgh`nrds, euyh dakehekh sdrè ch iksih qud cn henr`h`n dm enmvdmkn encdetkvn. 5. @dskstkikdmtn `d ch fudcjh y suikskõm hc prned`kikdmtn `d enmacketn encdetkvn. Dstd prned`kikdmtn `d enmacketn encdetkvn enmskstd dm7 - Id`khekõm `d ch hutnrk`h` chlnrhc phrh cnjrhr ch hvdmdmekh. - Rnsklkck`h` `d `d `dskjmhr umn umn n vhrkns vhrkns èrlktrns vncumthrkhidmtd, h euyh `dekskõm `dekskõm sd snidtdm snidtdm chs phrtds. - Dm ehsn `d qud mn fhyh hvdmdmekh mk `dskjmhekõm `d hrlktrhgd, ch hutnrk`h` chlnrhc dcdvhrè chs hetuheknmds h ch Gurks`keekõm Chlnrhc, dm dc ehsn `d enmacketns guré`kens n `d `drdefn.
L. Ekdrrd phtrnmhc Cns diprdshrkns sõcn pn`rèm prned`dr hc ekdrrd `dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn dm ehsn `d fudcjh n euhcdsqukdrh ntrh in`hck`h` `d krrdjuchrk`h` encdetkvh dm dc rëjkidm `d trhlhgn, euhm`n enmeurrh hcjumh `d chs ekreumsthmekhs qud skjudm7 h) Dxkstdmekh `d mntnrkn pdckjrn `d vkncdmekh phrh phrh chs pdrsnmhs n `d `høns jrhvds phrh chs enshs. l) Neuphekõm kcdjhc `dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn n `d euhcqukdrh `d sus `dpdm`dmekhs, n pdckjrn ekdrtn `d qud ësth sd prn`uzeh. 466
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Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
e) Xud dc vncuidm `d ch kmhskstdmekh n krrdjuchrk`h`ds dm dc trhlhgn kipk`hm kipk`hm jrhvdidmtd dc prnedsn mnrihc `d prn`ueekõm. Dc ekdrrd phtrnmhc, dadetuh`n `dmtrn `d cns tërikmns dsthlcdek`ns dm dc prdsdmtd \dhc @derdtn-cdy, prn`uekrè rdspdetn hc pdrsnmhc hadeth`n cns dadetns prdvkstns dm cns pèrrhans 8, < y 5 `dc hrtéeucn 1 `dc \@C 8:/8;::. Dc diprdshrkn qud hc hiphrn `d cn prdvdmk`n dm dc hrtéeucn hmtdrknr prned`kdrh hc ekdrrd `dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn, `dldrè pnmdrcn dm enmnekikdmtn `d ch hutnrk`h` chlnrhc dm dc tërikmn `d `ned fnrhs. Dc ekdrrd `d cns edmtrns `d trhlhgn sd ckikthrè hc tkdipn km`kspdmshlcd phrh hsdjurhr ch rdhmu`hekõm `d ch hetkvk`h` `d ch diprdsh, n phrh ch rdinekõm `d chs ehushs qud cn intkvhrnm. Dc diprdshrkn qud fulkdrh henr`h`n dc ekdrrd `dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn hc hiphrn `d cn prdvdmk`n dm dc hrtéeucn 8< `dc \@C 8:/8;:: y qud mn cn fulkdrh rdhlkdrtn h kmkekhtkvh prnpkh n h kmsthmekh `d cns trhlh gh`nrds, `dldrè fhedrcn, `hm`n npekõm h su pdrsnmhc h rdkmtdjrhrsd h ch hetkvk`h` chlnrhc, euhm`n audrh rdqudrk`n h thcds akmds pnr ch hutnrk`h` chlnrhc, dm dc pchzn qud dsthlcdzeh dc prnpkn rdqudrkikdmtn, kmeurrkdm`n dm ehsn enmtrhrkn dm chs shmeknmds prdvksths dm dc hrtéeucn 84 `dc \@C 8:/8;::.
E. Uhmeknmds Dc \dhc @derdtn Cdjkschtkvn 4/<222, `d 0 `d hjnstn, pnr dc qud sd hprudlh dc tdxtn rdaum`k`n `d ch Cdy snlrd Kmarheeknmds y Uhmeknmds dm dc Nr`dm Unekhc dsthlcded enin kmarheeknmds iuy jrhvds7 - Cns hetns hetns `dc diprdshrkn cdskvns `dc `drdefn `d fudcjh `d cns trhlhgh`nrds enmskstdmtds enmskstdmtds dm ch sustktuekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds dm fudcjh pnr ntrns mn vkmeuch`ns hc edmtrn `d trhlhgn hc tkdipn `d su dgdrekekn, shcvn dm cns ehsns gustkakeh`ns pnr dc nr`dmhikdmtn. - Cns hetns hetns `dc diprdshrkn cdskvns `dc `drdefn `d fudcjh, enmskstdmtds dm ch sustktuekõm `d trhlhgh`ntrhlhgh`nrds dm fudcjh pnr ntrns pudstns h su `kspnskekõm pnr umh diprdsh `d trhlhgn tdipnrhc. Chs shmeknmds qud dsthlcdedm dm cns pèrrhans hmtdrknrds sd dmtkdm`dm skm pdrgukekn `d ch nlckjhekõm diprdshrkhc `d rdhlrkr dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn kcéekthidmtd edrrh`n y `d hlnmn h cns trhlhgh`nrds qud fhyhm `dgh`n `d prdsthr sus sdrvkekns enin enmsdeudmekh `dc ekdrrd `dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn cns shchrkns `dvdmjh`ns `urhmtd dc pdrén`n `d ekdrrd kcdjhc. Cns trhlhgh`nrds qud phrtkekpdm dm fudcjh kcdjhc n euhcqukdr ntrh anrih `d hctdrhekõm encdetkvh dm dc rëjkidm mnrihc `d trhlhgn, kmeurrkrèm dm ch ahcth prdvksth dm dc hphrth`n g) `dc hrtéeucn 55 `dc \@C 8:/8;::. Cns trhlhgh`nrds qud, `d heudr`n enm dc hrtéeucn 1, pèrrhan :, audsdm `dskjmh`ns phrh dc ihmtdmkikdmtn `d cns sdrvkekns prdvkstns y sd mdjhsdm h dccn, kmeurrkrèm dm ch ehush gusth `d `dspk`n dsthlcdek`h dm dc hphrth`n o) `dc hrtéeucn 55 `dc \@C 8:/8;::, skm pdrgukekn `d chs `diès rdspnmshlkck`h`ds qud prned`kdrhm.
5.0 \dadrdmekh h ch fudcjh fudcjh `d cns Eudrpns `d Aumeknmhrkns Aumeknmhrkns hc sdrvkekn `d `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm `d Gustkekh Dc hrtéeucn 0;1, cdtrh `), `d ch Cdy Nrjèmkeh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc, rdenmned h cns aumeknmhrkns dc `drdefn `d fudcjh, dm cns tërikmns enmtdmk`ns dm ch cdjkschekõm jdmdrhc `dc Dsth`n phrh aumeknmhrkns p÷lckens, jhrhmtkzèm`nsd dc ihmtdmkikdmtn `d cns sdrvkekns dsdmekhcds `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm `d Gustkekh. Hsé puds, chs sktuheknmds `d fudcjh qud hadetdm h ch H`ikmkstrhekõm `d Gustkekh sd dmtdm`drèm enm`keknmh`hs hc ihmtdmkikdmtn `d cns sdrvkekns dsdmekhcds dm cns `kstkmtns Õrjhmns gu`kekhcds. H dstns dadetns sd `dtdrikmhm enin sdrvkekns dsdmekhcds cns skjukdmtds7 - Hetuheknmds `d \djkstrn Ekvkc. d`ktnrkhc } edp
46;
Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
- \djkstrn `d @neuidmtns. - \dphrtn `d hsumtns h cns `kstkmtns õrjhmns gu`kekhcds. - Pn`hs hqudcchs hetuheknmds dm chs qud vdmzh um pchzn prddsthlcdek`n dm ch Cdy, euyn kmeuipckikdmtn pud`h supnmdr për`k`h n pdrgukekn `d `drdefns. - Dilhrjns y id`k`hs ehutdchrds n prnvksknmhcds. - Pn`hs chs hetuheknmds pdmhcds. - Udrvkekn `d Guzjh`n `d Juhr`kh. Ud enmsk`drh pdrsnmhc iémkin phrh htdm`dr cns sdrvkekns dsdmekhcds enmskjmh`ns dm dc pèrrhan hmtdrknr7 h) Tm 52 pnr 822 `dc tnthc `d aumeknmhrkns `d cns Eudrpns Eudrpns `d Nakekhcds, Huxkckhrds y Hjdmtds `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm `d Gustkekh qud prdstdm sdrvkekns dm eh`h umn `d cns skjukdmtds õrjhmns7 - Prklumhc Uuprdin. - Hu`kdmekh Mheknmhc. - Hu`kdmekhs Pdrrktnrkhcds. - Prklumhc Edmtrhc `d Prhlhgn. - Hu`kdmekhs Rrnvkmekhcds. l) Tm Nakekhc, um Huxkckhr y um Hjdmtd `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm `d Gustkekh phrh eh`h eh`h umn `d cns Guzjh`ns `d Rrkidrh Kmsthmekh, `d Kmstrueekõm, `d Rrkidrh Kmsthmekh d Kmstrueekõm, `d chs Ihjkstrhturhs `d Prhlhgn, `d cns Prklumhcds Putdchrds `d Idmnrds y `d cns Guzjh`ns `d @kstrktn, enm dxedpekõm `d hqudccns Guzjh`ns `d Kmstrueekõm qud het÷dm `d juhr`kh, qud `dldrèm enmthr enm tn`h su `nthekõm `d pdrsnmhc. e) Tm Hjdmtd phrh eh`h umn umn `d cns Guzjh`ns Guzjh`ns `d Rhz `d pnlcheknmds pnlcheknmds `d iès `d :.222 fhlkthmtds. Cns phrns y hctdrheknmds dm dc trhlhgn pnr phrtd `d cns aumeknmhrkns `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm `d Gustkekh h qud sd rdakdrd dc hrtéeucn hmtdrknr sdrèm enmsk`drh`ns kcdjhcds y shmeknmh`ns `ksekpckmhrkhidmtd.
0.
UHCT@ [ R\DQDMEKÕM @D \KDUJNU CHLN\HCDU
0.8 Uhcu` Chlnrhc y heekõm heekõm snekhc dm dc KKK Enmvdmkn encdetkvn ÷mken phrh phrh dc pdrsnmhc chlnrhc `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm Jdmdrhc `dc Dsth`n H. Rrkmekpkns jdmdrhcds Pdmkdm`n dm eudmth qud dc trhthikdmtn `h`n h dsth ihtdrkh `dld sdr fninjëmdn y enmgumtn phrh tn`ns cns dipcdh`ns p÷lckens, km`dpdm`kdmtdidmtd `d euhc sdh su rëjkidm guré`ken, sd hpckehrè dm dc èilktn `dc Enmvdmkn ch rdjuchekõm y cns heudr`ns vkjdmtds dm eh`h inidmtn snlrd ch iksih, dm dc èilktn `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm, enm dspdekhc htdmekõm h ch prntdeekõm `dc id`kn hilkdmtd.
L. Uhcu` chlnrhc. Rrkmekpkns jdmdrhcds @d enmanrik`h` enm cn `kspudstn dm ch Cdy 58/8;;4, `d 6 `d mnvkdilrd, `d Rrdvdmekõm `d \kdsjns Chlnrhcds, y mnrihtkvh `d `dshrrnccn `d ch iksih, cns dipcdh`ns p÷lckens tkdmdm `drdefn h umh prntdeekõm dakehz dm ihtdrkh `d shcu` y sdjurk`h` dm dc trhlhgn, hsé enin um `dldr enrrdchtkvn `d nlsdrvhr y pnmdr dm prèetkeh chs id`k`hs qud sd h`nptdm cdjhc y rdjchidmthrkhidmtd enm dc nlgdtn `d jhrhmtkzhr ch prdvdmekõm ardmtd h cns rkdsjns chlnrhcds. Cns `drdefns `d kmanrihekõm, enmsucth y phrtkekphekõm dm 4;2
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
ihtdrkh prdvdmtkvh, phrhckzhekõm `d ch hetkvk`h` dm ehsns `d rkdsjn jrhvd d kmikmdmtd y vkjkchmekh `d su dsth`n `d shcu` anrihm phrtd `dc `drdefn `d cns trhlhgh`nrds h umh prntdeekõm dakehz dm ihtdrkh `d sdjurk`h` y shcu` dm dc trhlhgn. Dc ekth`n `drdefn supnmd ch dxkstdmekh `d um enrrdchtkvn `dldr `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs `d jhrhmtkzhr ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns dipcdh`ns p÷lckens h su sdrvkekn dm tn`ns cns hspdetns rdcheknmh`ns enm dc trhlhgn. H euyns dadetns, dm dc ihren `d sus rdspnmshlkck`h`ds, chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs rdhckzhrèm ch prdvdmekõm `d cns rkdsjns chlnrhcds id`khmtd ch kmtdjrhekõm `d ch hetkvk`h` prdvdmtkvh dm cns `kstkmtns `dphrthidmtns y nrjhmksins, y ch h`npekõm `d euhmths id`k`hs sdhm mdedshrkhs phrh ch prntdeekõm `d ch sdjurk`h` y shcu` `d cns dipcdh`ns p÷lckens, enm chs dspdekhck`h`ds qud sd dsthlcdedm dm ch ekth`h Cdy 58/8;;4 y sus mnrihs `d `dshrrnccn, hsé enin dm ch mnrihtkvh dspdeéakeh `d hpckehekõm `d `kefh Cdy h ch H`ikmkstrhekõm Jdmdrhc `dc Dsth`n, dm ihtdrkh `d pchmds `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds, dvhcuhekõm `d rkdsjns, kmanrihekõm, enmsucth y phrtkekphekõm y anrihekõm `d cns dipcdh`ns p÷lckens, hetuhekõm dm ehsns `d didrjdmekh y `d rkdsjn jrhvd d kmikmdmtd, vkjkchmekh `d ch shcu`, y id`khmtd ch enmstktuekõm `d umh nrjhmkzhekõm y `d cns id`kns qud rdsuctdm mdedshrkns dm cns tërikmns dsthlcdek`ns dm dc ehpétucn KQ `d `kefh Cdy.
Kipnrthmtd Ch H`ikmkstrhekõm Jdmdrhc `dc Dsth`n `dshrrncchrè umh heekõm pdrihmdmtd `d sdjukikdmtn `d ch hetkvk`h` prdvdmtkvh enm dc akm `d pdradeeknmhr ësth `d ihmdrh enmtkmuh, `d idgnrhr cns mkvdcds `d prntdeekõm dxkstdmtds y `d h`hpthr chs id`k`hs `d prdvdmekõm h chs in`kakeheknmds qud pud`hm dxpdrkidmthr chs ekreumsthmekhs qud kmek`hm dm ch rdhckzhekõm `dc trhlhgn.
E. Id`kns y dqukpns `d prntdeekõm pdrsnmhc Cns `dphrthidmtns y nrjhmksins ahekckthrèm h cns trhlhgh`nrds cns id`kns y dqukpns `d prntdeekõm pdrsnmhc h`deuh`ns h cns trhlhgns qud rdhckedm. Chs Uuleniksknmds @dcdjh`hs phrtkekphrèm dm ch `dtdrikmhekõm `d cns erktdrkns jdmdrhcds snlrd ch `nthekõm `d `kefns id`kns y dqukpns.
@. Invkck`h` aumeknmhc pnr kmehphek`h` chlnrhc Dm dc ehsn `d `dechrhekõm `d umh kmehphek`h` chlnrhc pdrihmdmtd tnthc, ch H`ikmkstrhekõm prned`drè, h pdtkekõm `dc trhlhgh`nr y prdvkhs chs hetuheknmds y enm chs jhrhmtéhs dsthlcdek`hs d sthlcdek`hs dm dc hrtéeucn <4 `d ch Cdy `d Rrdvdmekõm `d \kdsjns Chlnrhcds, hc ehilkn `d pudstn `d trhlhgn pnr ntrn iès h`deuh`n h ch sktuhekõm `dc trhlhgh`nr skdiprd qud dxksth umh vhehmtd `d kjuhc n kmadrknr jrupn prnadsknmhc hc `dc trhlhgh`nr, `hm`n cujhr enm dccn h umh mnvhekõm `dc enmtrhtn. @kefn ehilkn sd eniumkehrè h cns rdprdsdmthmtds `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. Cns enipcdidmtns `d pudstn y hqudccns ntrns qud rdtrkluyhm umh ihynr ehmtk`h` n ehck`h` dm dc trhlhgn, sd pdreklkrèm `d enmanrik`h` enm chs rdtrklueknmds qud enrrdspnm`hm hc mudvn pudstn `d trhlhgn. Cns sdrvkekns `d Rrdvdmekõm `d \kdsjns Chlnrhcds, h ch vksth `dc kmanrid ië`ken prdsdmth`n pnr dc trhlhgh`nr, `dldrèm `dtdrd`ktnrkhc } edp
4;8
Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
ikmhr qud dc pudstn `d trhlhgn nadrth`n mn pud`h kmacukr mdjhtkvhidmtd dm ch shcu` `dc trhlhgh`nr. Dm dc ehsn `d qud, skdm`n ahvnrhlcd dc kmanrid `d cns Udrvkekns `d Rrdvdmekõm `d \kdsjns Chlnrhcds, dc trhlhgh`nr rdefhed dc pudstn `d qud sd trhtd, ëstd fhlrè `dehé`n dm su `drdefn h qud sd cd hpckqud dsth invkck`h` aumeknmhc. Uk dc trhlhgh`nr mn fulkdsd dgdrekth`n dstd `drdefn, id`khmtd ch enrrdspnm`kdmtd snckektu`, dm dc pchzn `d `ns idsds h phrtkr `d ch mntkakehekõm `d ch rdsncuekõm `dc Kmstktutn Mheknmhc `d ch Udjurk`h` Unekhc pnr ch qud sd cd `dechrh dm ch sktuhekõm `d kmehphek`h` chlnrhc pdrihmdmtd tnthc, sd dxtkmjukrè ch rdchekõm chlnrhc, skm pdrgukekn `d cn `kspudstn dm dc hrtéeucn 06.< `dc Dsthtutn `d cns Prhlhgh`nrds.
D. Ntrhs anrihs `d invkck`h` - Rnr `ksikmuekõm `d ehphek`h`7 Ch invkck`h` pnr `ksikmuekõm `d ch ehphek`h` ehphek`h` `dc trhlhgh`nr phrh phrh dc `dsdipdøn `d su pudstn `d trhlhgn pn`rè ccdvhrsd h ehln h pdtkekõm `dc trhlhgh`nr n pnr `dekskõm `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm, prdvkn kmanrid `dc sdrvkekn sd rvkekn ië`ken `dskjmh`n pnr ch H`ikmkstrhekõm, h pudstns `d trhlhgn `d kjuhc n kmadrknr jrupn prnadsknmhc qud sd dmeudmtrdm vhehmtds. Euhm`n chs ekreumsthmekhs ekreumsthmekhs hsé cn rdqukdrhm, sdrè prdeksh ch prdvkh anrihekõm prnadsknmhc phrh h`hpthr hc trhlhgh`nr h su mudvn pudstn `d trhlhgn, qud sdrè ahekckth`h pnr ch H`ikmkstrhekõm. Dsths pdtkeknmds sdrèm trhikth`hs y rdsudcths pnr ch H`ikmkstrhekõm prdvkn heudr`n `d ch Uulenikskõm @dcdjh`h enrrdspnm`kdmtd d kmanrid `dc sdrvkekn `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds n umk`h` qud hsuih chs aumeknmds `d prdvdmekõm, snlrd dc tkpn `d thrdhs qud dc trhlhgh`nr mn pud`h `dsdipdøhr, enin enmsdeudmekh `d ch `ksikmuekõm `d su ehphek`h`. - Rnr rhznmds nlgdtkvhs7 Ch H`ikmkstrhekõm pn`rè pn`rè enmed`dr trhsch`ns pnr pnr rhznmds `d shcu` y pnsk lkck`h`ds `d rdfhlkckthekõm `dc trhlhgh`nr, eõmyujd, phrdgh `d fdefn herd`kth`h n fkgns h ehrjn `dc trhlhgh`nr, prdvkn kmanrid `dc sdrvkekn ië`ken `dskjmh`n pnr ch H`ikmkstrhekõm. Dc mudvn pudstn `d trhlhgn `dldrè sdr `d kjuhc n kmadrknr jrupn prnadsknmhc qud dc `dc trhlhgh`nr, `dlkdm`n h`diès euipckr cns rdquksktns dsthlcdek`ns dm ch rdchekõm `d pudstns `d trhlhgn. @kefns trhsch`ns dsthrèm enm`keknmh`ns h ch dxkstdmekh `d vhehmtds `d mdedshrkh enldrturh. Dsths pdtkeknmds sdrèm trhikth`hs pnr ch H`ikmkstrhekõm prdvkn heudr`n `d ch Uulenikskõm @dcdjh`h enrrdspnm`kdmtd. Euhm`n dc intkvn `d ch invkck`h` dstë aum`hidmth`n dm ch shcu` `dc trhlhgh`nr sdrè mdedshrkn dc kmanrid `dc sdrvkekn `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds n umk`h` qud hsuih chs aumeknmds `d prdvdmekõm, snlrd dc tkpn `d thrdhs qud dc trhlhgh`nr mn pud`d rdhckzhr enin enmsdeudmekh `d su dsth`n `d shcu`. Dstns trhsch`ns mn `hrèm cujhr h km`dimkzhekõm hcjumh, tkdmdm tkdmdm ehrèetdr vncumthrkn y mn snm rdmumekhlcds umh vdz h`gu`keh`n dc pudstn `dakmktkvhidmtd. Dc pchzn `d kmenrpnrhekõm sdrè `d trds `éhs fèlkcds sk mn kipckeh ehilkn `d rdsk`dmekh `dc trhlhgh`nr, n `d um ids sk enipnrth ehilkn `d rdsk`dmekh, `dlkdm`n pdrihmdedr `ns høns enin iémkin dm dc mudvn `dstkmn hmtds `d enmeurshr, trhs ch h`gu`kehekõm `dakmktkvh `dc pudstn. Dm cns supudstns `d invkck`h` enmtdipch`ns, euhm`n ch iksih sd rdhcked h um pudstn `d trhlhgn `d um jrupn prnadsknmhc kmadrknr hc qud nstdmthsd dc trhlhgh`nr hadeth`n, `kefh invkck`h` rdqudrkrè dc prdvkn enmsdmtkikdmtn `dc iksin, prn`uekëm`nsd umh mnvhekõm in`kakehtkvh `dc enmtrhtn qud dm mkmj÷m ehsn `hrè cujhr h enmsdrvhr `drdefn hcjumn rdspdetn `d ch ehtdjnréh prnadsknmhc `d nrkjdm. Euhm`n dm cns supudstns `d invkck`h` enmtdipch`ns, kmtdrvdmjhm `ns Uuleniksknmds @dcdjh`hs, h`diès `dc heudr`n `d ch Uulenikskõm @dcdjh`h, `d nrkjdm `dc trhlhgh`nr, dm euhmtn hc trhsch`n, `dldrè sdr kmanrih`h ch Uulenikskõm @dcdjh`h `d `dstkmn rdspdetn hc pudstn hskjmh`n hc trhlhgh`nr.
A. Invkck`h` aumeknmhc phrh prntdeekõm h ch ihtdrmk`h` Hc nlgdtn `d jhrhmtkzhr ch prntdeekõm dadetkvh `d ch ih`rd y dc adtn `urhmtd dc dilhrhzn, ardmtd h chs enm`keknmds mnekvhs phrh su shcu`, sd tdm`rè `drdefn h ch h`hpthekõm `d chs enm`keknmds n `dc tkdipn n 4;<
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
turmn `d trhlhgn, n, dm su ehsn, hc ehilkn tdipnrhc `d pudstn `d trhlhgn n `d aumeknmds, prdvkn kmanrid n rdenidm`hekõm `d cns sdrvkekns ië`kens `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm. Cn `kspudstn dm dc pèrrhan hmtdrknr sdrè thilkëm `d hpckehekõm `urhmtd dc pdrén`n `d chethmekh, sk chs enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn pu`kdrhm kmacukr mdjhtkvhidmtd dm ch shcu` `d ch iugdr n `dc fkgn, y dm thc sdmtk`n dxkstkdsd kmanrid n rdenidm`hekõm `d cns sdrvkekns ië`kens `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm. Pn`n cn hmtdrknr sd ccdvhrè h ehln prdvkhs chs hetuheknmds y enm chs jhrhmtéhs dsthlcdek`hs dm dc hrtéeucn <1 `d ch Cdy `d Rrdvdmekõm `d \kdsjns Chlnrhcds. Ch H`ikmkstrhekõm `dldrè eniumkehr dstns ehilkns enm ehrèetdr prdvkn h cns rdprdsdmthmtds `d cns trhlhgh`nrds.
J. Jhrhmtéhs `d euipckikdmtn `d ch mnrihtkvh `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds dm cns supudstns `dc hrtéeucn 0< `dc Dsthtutn `d cns Prhlhgh`nrds Euhm`n dm um iksin edmtrn `d trhlhgn `dshrrnccdm hetkvk`h`ds trhlhgh`nrds y/n dipcdh`ns p÷lckens, `d `ns n iès diprdshs, `dphrthidmtns u nrjhmksins p÷lckens, dm euhcqukdrh `d cns supudstns dm qud, enmanrid h cn dsthlcdek`n dm dc hrtéeucn <5 `d ch Cdy 58/8;;4, `d Rrdvdmekõm `d \kdsjns Chlnrhcds, sdh mdedshrkh ch ennr`kmhekõm `d chs `kstkmths hetkvk`h`ds diprdshrkhcds, `dldrè hetuhrsd sdj÷m cn prdvkstn dm dc \dhc @derdtn 8:8/<220, `d 52 `d dmdrn, phrh eh`h umn `d cns supudstns rdenjk`ns dm dc iksin. Cns ahlrkehmtds, kipnrth`nrds y suikmkstrh`nrds `dldrèm prnpnreknmhr hc edmtrn, y ëstd rdehlhr `d hqudccns, ch kmanrihekõm mdedshrkh phrh qud ch utkckzhekõm y ihmkpuchekõm `d ch ihqukmhrkh, dqukpns, prn`uetns, ihtdrkhs prkihs y ÷tkcds `d trhlhgn sd prn`uzehm skm rkdsjns phrh ch sdjurk`h` y shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds.
F. Heekõm snekhc Dm eh`h umn `d cns `dphrthidmtns y nrjhmksins p÷lckens sd hlnr`hrè ch pudsth dm ihrefh `d um Rchm `d Heekõm Unekhc phrh tn`n dc pdrsnmhc `dpdm`kdmtd `dc iksin, euyn enmtdmk`n enmtdipchrè chs èrdhs `d hetuhekõm sdøhch`hs dm dc Rchm Jdmdrhc `d Heekõm Unekhc. H thc akm, eh`h `dphrthidmtn y/u nrjhmksin enmthrè enm dc pnredmthgd `d ihsh shchrkhc jcnlhc qud cd enrrdspnm`h dm aumekõm `d chs rdtrklueknmds `d sus dadetkvns. Chs edmtrhcds skm`kehcds enm rdprdsdmthekõm dm ch Uulenikskõm @dcdjh`h phrtkekphrèm dm ch Enikskõm n Eniksknmds `d Heekõm Unekhc `dc `dphrthidmtn u nrjhmksin, y cds enrrdspnm`drè7 - Dadetuhr prnpudsths `d hetuhekõm. - Hpnrthr erktdrkns phrh dc `dshrrnccn `d chs `kstkmths heeknmds. - \dhckzhr dc sdjukikdmtn y dvhcuhekõm `dc pchm.
0.< Ch Cdy `d Rrdvdmekõm `d \kdsjns \kdsjns Chlnrhcds Dc hrt. 02.< `d ch Enmstktuekõm Dsphønch dmenikdm`h h cns pn`drds p÷lckens, enin umn `d cns prkmekpkns rdetnrds `d ch pncétkeh snekhc y denmõikeh, vdchr pnr ch sdjurk`h` d fkjkdmd dm dc trhlhgn. Dstd ihm`htn enmstktueknmhc enmccdvh ch mdedsk`h` `d `dshrrncchr umh pncétkeh `d prntdeekõm `d ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds id`khmtd ch Rrdvdmekõm `d cns rkdsjns `drkvh`ns `d su trhlhgn. Ch Cdy 58/8;;4, `d 6 `d mnvkdilrd, `d Rrdvdmekõm `d \kdsjns Chlnrhcds, ds dc pkchr aum`hidmthc dm dc qud `dsehmsh dc idmeknmh`n ihm`htn enmstktueknmhc. Dm ch iksih sd enmakjurh dc ihren jdmdrhc dm dc qud fhlrèm `d `dshrrncchrsd chs `kstkmths heeknmds prdvdmtkvhs, dm enfdrdmekh enm chs `deksknmds `d ch Tmkõm Durnpdh. @d chs @krdetkvhs qud enmakjurhm ch prntdeekõm `d ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds dm dc trhlhgn, ch iès skjmkakehtkvh ds, skm `u`h, ch 6;/5;8/EDD, rdchtkvh h ch hpckehekõm `d chs id`k`hs phrh prninvdr ch d`ktnrkhc } edp
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Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
Uhléh qud Chs `kspnskeknmds `d ehrèetdr chlnrhc enmtdmk`hs dm dsth Cdy y dm sus mnrihs rdjchidmthrkhs tdm`rèm dm tn`n ehsn dc ehrèetdr `d @drdefn mdedshrkn iémkin km`kspnmklcd, pu`kdm`n sdr idgnrh`hs y `dshrrncch`hs dm cns enmvdmkns encdetkvns.
idgnrh `d ch sdjurk`h` y `d ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds dm dc trhlhgn, qud enmtkdmd dc ihren guré`ken jdmdrhc dm dc qud npdrh ch pncétkeh `d Rrdvdmekõm eniumkthrkh. Ch Cdy 58/8;;4, `d 6 `d mnvkdilrd, `d Rrdvdmekõm `d \kdsjns Chlnrhcds, trhmspnmd hc @drdefn Dsphønc ch ekth`h @krdetkvh. Ch Cdy `d Rrdvdmekõm `d \kdsjns Chlnrhcds tkdmd pnr nlgdtn prninvdr ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds id`khmtd ch hpckehekõm `d id`k`hs y dc `dshrrnccn `d chs hetkvk`h`ds mdedshrkhs phrh ch Rrdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns `drkvh`ns `dc trhlhgn. H thcds dadetns, dsth Cdy dsthlcded cns prkmekpkns jdmdrhcds rdchtkvns h ch Rrdvdmekõm `d cns rkdsjns prnadsknmhcds phrh ch prntdeekõm `d ch sdjurk`h` y `d ch shcu`, ch dckikmhekõm n `ksikmuekõm `d cns rkdsjns `drkvh`ns `dc trhlhgn, ch kmanrihekõm, ch enmsucth, ch phrtkekphekõm dqukcklrh`h y ch anrihekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds dm ihtdrkh prdvdmtkvh. Rhrh dc euipckikdmtn `d `kefns akmds, ch Cdy `d Rrdvdmekõm `d \kdsjns Chlnrhcds rdjuch chs hetuheknmds h `dshrrncchr pnr chs H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs, hsé enin pnr cns diprdshrkns, cns trhlhgh`nrds y sus rdspdetkvhs nrjhmkzheknmds rdprdsdmthtkvhs.
H. Dstrueturh y enmtdmk`n Ch Cdy 58/8;;4, `d 6 `d mnvkdilrd, `d Rrdvdmekõm `d \kdsjns Chlnrhcds, enmsth `d 40 hrtéeucns, `kvk`k`ns dm skdtd Ehpétucns, `kdekskdtd @kspnskeknmds H`keknmhcds, `ns @kspnskeknmds Prhmsktnrkhs, umh @kspnskekõm @drnjhtnrkh y `ns @kspnskeknmds Akmhcds. Uu dstrueturh ds ch skjukdmtd7
CD[ @D R\DQDMEKÕM @D \KDUJNU CHLN\HCDU EHRÉPTCN R\KID\N. Nlgdtn, èilktn `d hpckehekõm y `damkeknmds EHRÉPTCN KK. Rncétkeh dm ihtdrkh `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns phrh prntdjdr ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` dm dc trhlhgn EHRÉPTCN KKK. @drdefns y nlckjheknmds EHRÉPTCN KQ. Udrvkekns `d prdvdmekõm EHRÉPTCN Q. Enmsucth y phrtkekphekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds EHRÉPTCN QK. Nlckjheknmds `d cns ahlrkehmtds, kipnrth`nrds y suikmkstrh`nrds EHRÉPTCN QKK. \dspnmshlkck`h`ds y shmeknmds @kspnskeknmds H`keknmhcds (8:) @kspnskeknmds Prhmsktnrkhs (<) @kspnskekõm @drnjhtnrkh @kspnskeknmds Akmhcds (<)
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d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
L. Èilktn `d hpckehekõm Ch Cdy 58/8;;4, `d 6 `d mnvkdilrd, `d Rrdvdmekõm `d \kdsjns Chlnrhcds y sus mnrihs `d `dshrrnccn sdrèm `d hpckehekõm thmtn dm dc èilktn `d chs rdcheknmds chlnrhcds rdjuch`hs dm dc tdxtn rdaum`k`n `d ch Cdy `dc Dsthtutn `d cns Prhlhgh`nrds, enin dm dc `d chs rdcheknmds `d ehrèetdr h`ikmkstrhtkvn n dsthtuthrkn `dc pdrsnmhc hc sdrvkekn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds R÷lckehs, enm chs pdeuckhrk`h`ds qud, dm dstd ehsn, sd enmtdipchm dm ch Cdy n dm sus mnrihs `d `dshrrnccn. Dccn skm pdrgukekn `dc euipckikdmtn `d chs nlckjheknmds dspdeéakehs qud sd dsthlcdedm phrh ahlrkehmtds, kipnrth`nrds y suikmkstrh`nrds, y `d cns `drdefns y nlckjheknmds qud pud`hm `drkvhrsd phrh cns trhlhgh`nrds hutõmnins. Kjuhcidmtd sdrèm hpckehlcds h chs snekd`h`ds ennpdrhtkvhs, enmstktuk`hs `d heudr`n enm ch cdjkschekõm qud cds sdh `d hpckehekõm, dm chs qud dxksthm snekns euyh hetkvk`h` enmsksth dm ch prdsthekõm `d um trhlhgn pdrsnmhc, enm chs pdeuckhrk`h`ds `drkvh`hs `d su mnrihtkvh dspdeéakeh. Euhm`n dm ch Cdy sd fhjh rdadrdmekh h trhlhgh`nrds y diprdshrkns, sd dmtdm`drèm thilkëm eniprdm`k`ns dm dstns tërikmns, rdspdetkvhidmtd, `d umh phrtd, dc pdrsnmhc enm rdchekõm `d ehrèetdr h`ikmkstrhtkvn n dsthtuthrkn y ch H`ikmkstrhekõm p÷lckeh phrh ch qud prdsth sdrvkekns, cns snekns `d chs ennpdrhtkvhs h qud sd rdakdrd dc pèrrhan hmtdrknr y chs snekd`h`ds ennpdrhtkvhs phrh chs qud prdsthm sus sdrvkekns. Ch Cdy mn sdrè `d hpckehekõm dm hqudcchs hetkvk`h`ds euyhs phrtkeuchrk`h`ds cn kipk`hm dm dc èilktn `d chs aumeknmds p÷lckehs `d7 - Rnckeéh, sdjurk`h` y rdsjuhr`n h`uhmdrn. - Udrvkekns npdrhtkvns `d prntdeekõm ekvkc y pdrkthgd anrdmsd dm cns ehsns `d jrhvd rkdsjn, ehtèstrnad y ehchik`h` p÷lckeh. - Audrzhs Hrih`hs Hrih`hs y hetkvk`h`ds ikckthrds `d `d ch Juhr`kh Ekvkc. Mn nlsthmtd, dsth Cdy kmspkrhrè ch mnrihtkvh dspdeéakeh qud sd `ketd phrh rdjuchr ch prntdeekõm `d ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds qud prdsthm sus sdrvkekns dm chs km`keh`hs hetkvk`h`ds. Dm cns edmtrns y dsthlcdekikdmtns ikckthrds sdrè `d hpckehekõm cn `kspudstn dm ch Cdy, enm chs phrtkeuchrk`h`ds prdvksths dm su mnrihtkvh dspdeéakeh. Dm cns dsthlcdekikdmtns pdmktdmekhrkns, sd h`hpthrèm h ch Cdy hqudcchs hetkvk`h`ds euyhs ehrhetdréstkehs gustkakqudm umh rdjuchekõm dspdekhc, cn qud sd ccdvhrè h dadetn dm cns tërikmns sdøhch`ns dm ch Cdy :/8;;2, `d 8; `d guckn, snlrd mdjnekhekõm encdetkvh y phrtkekphekõm dm ch `dtdrikmhekõm `d chs enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn `d cns dipcdh`ns p÷lckens.
d`ktnrkhc } edp
\deudr`d Ch Cdy mn sdrè `d hpckehekõm h ch rdchekõm chlnrhc `d ehrèetdr dspdekhc `dc sdrvkekn `dc fnjhr ahikckhr. Mn nlsthmtd cn hmtdrknr, dc tktuchr `dc fnjhr ahikckhr dstè nlckjh`n h euk`hr `d qud dc trhlhgn `d sus dipcdh`ns sd rdhcked dm chs `dlk`hs enm`keknmds `d sdjurk`h` d fkjkdmd.
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Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
E. Enmedptns jdmdrhcds h) Ud dmtdm`drè pnr –Rrdvdmekõm’ dc enmgumtn `d hetkvk`h`ds hetkvk`h`ds n id`k`hs h`npth`hs h`npth`hs n prdvksths dm tn`hs chs ahsds `d hetkvk`h` `d ch diprdsh enm dc akm `d dvkthr n `ksikmukr cns rkdsjns `drkvh`ns `dc trhlhgn. l) Ud dmtdm`drè enin –rkdsjn chlnrhc’ ch pnsklkck`h` `d qud um trhlhgh`nr suarh um `dtdrikmh`n `høn `drkvh`n `dc trhlhgn. Rhrh ehckakehr um rkdsjn `ds`d dc pumtn `d vksth `d su jrhvd`h`, sd vhcnrhrèm enmgumthidmtd ch prnlhlkck`h` `d qud sd prn`uzeh dc `høn y ch sdvdrk`h` `dc iksin. e) Ud enmsk`drhrèm enin –`høns –`høns `drkvh`ns `dc trhlhgn’ chs dmadrid`h`ds, phtncnjéhs phtncnjéhs n cdsknmds suark`hs enm intkvn u nehskõm `dc trhlhgn. `) Ud dmtdm`drè enin –rkdsjn chlnrhc jrhvd d kmikmdmtd’ hqudc qud rdsuctd prnlhlcd rheknmhcidmtd, qud sd ihtdrkhcked dm um auturn kmid`khtn y pud`h supnmdr um `høn jrhvd phrh ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. Dm dc ehsn `d dxpnskekõm h hjdmtds susedptklcds `d ehushr `høns jrhvds h ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`ntrhlhgh`nrds, sd enmsk`drhrè qud dxkstd um rkdsjn jrhvd d kmikmdmtd euhm`n sdh prnlhlcd rheknmhcidmtd qud sd ihtdrkhcked dm um auturn kmid`khtn umh dxpnskekõm h `kefns hjdmtds `d ch qud pud`hm `drkvhrsd `høns jrhvds phrh ch shcu`, hum euhm`n ëstns mn sd ihmkakdstdm `d anrih kmid`khth. d) Ud dmtdm`drèm enin prnedsns, hetkvk`h`ds, npdrheknmds, dqukpns n prn`uetns prn`uetns –pntdmekhcidmtd pdckjrnsns’ hqudccns qud, dm husdmekh `d id`k`hs prdvdmtkvhs dspdeéakehs, nrkjkmdm rkdsjns phrh ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds qud cns `dshrrncchm n utkckzhm. a) Ud dmtdm`drè enin –dqukpn –dqukpn `d trhlhgn’ euhcqukdr euhcqukdr ièqukmh, hphrhtn, hphrhtn, kmstruidmtn n kmsthchekõm kmsthchekõm utkckzh`h dm dc trhlhgn. j) Ud dmtdm`drè enin –enm`kekõm `d `d trhlhgn’ euhcqukdr ehrhetdréstkeh ehrhetdréstkeh `dc iksin qud pud`h tdmdr umh kmacudmekh skjmkakehtkvh dm ch jdmdrhekõm `d rkdsjns phrh ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `dc trhlhgh`nr. Xud`hm dspdeéakehidmtd kmecuk`hs dm dsth `dakmkekõm7 - Chs ehrhetdréstkehs ehrhetdréstkehs jdmdrhcds `d `d cns cnehcds, kmsthcheknmds, dqukpns, prn`uetns prn`uetns y `diès ÷tkcds dxkstdmtds dm dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn. - Ch mhturhcdzh `d cns hjdmtds aéskens, quéikens y lkncõjkens prdsdmtds prdsdmtds dm dc hilkdmtd `d trhlhgn y sus enrrdspnm`kdmtds kmtdmsk`h`ds, enmedmtrheknmds n mkvdcds `d prdsdmekh. - Cns prned`kikdmtns prned`kikdmtns phrh ch utkckzhekõm `d cns hjdmtds ekth`ns hmtdrknridmtd qud kmacuyhm dm ch jdmdrhekõm `d cns rkdsjns idmeknmh`ns. - Pn`hs hqudcchs hqudcchs ntrhs ehrhetdréstkehs `dc `dc trhlhgn, kmecuk`hs chs rdchtkvhs h su nrjhmkzhekõm y nr`dmhekõm, qud kmacuyhm dm ch ihjmktu` `d cns rkdsjns h qud dstë dxpudstn dc trhlhgh`nr. f) Ud dmtdm`drè pnr –dqukpn `d prntdeekõm km`kvk`uhc’ euhcqukdr dqukpn `dstkmh`n h sdr ccdvh`n n sugdth`n pnr dc trhlhgh`nr phrh qud cd prntdgh `d umn n vhrkns rkdsjns qud pud`hm hidmhzhr su sdjurk`h` n su shcu` dm dc trhlhgn, hsé enin euhcqukdr enipcdidmtn n heedsnrkn `dstkmh`n h thc akm.
@. Rncétkeh dm ihtdrkh `d prdvdmekõm `d `d rkdsjns phrh prntdjdr ch sdjurk`h` sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` dm dc trhlhgn h. Nlgdtkvns Ch pncétkeh dm ihtdrkh `d Rrdvdmekõm tdm`rè pnr nlgdtn ch prninekõm `d ch idgnrh `d chs enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn `krkjk`h h dcdvhr dc mkvdc `d prntdeekõm `d ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds dm dc trhlhgn.
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d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
@kefh pncétkeh sd ccdvhrè h ehln pnr id`kn `d chs mnrihs rdjchidmthrkhs y `d chs hetuheknmds h`ikmkstrhtkvhs qud enrrdspnm`hm y, qud sd nrkdmthrèm h ch ennr`kmhekõm `d chs `kstkmths H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs enipdtdmtds dm ihtdrkh prdvdmtkvh y h qud sd hrinmkedm enm dcchs chs hetuheknmds qud enmanrid h ch Cdy enrrdspnm`hm h sugdtns p÷lckens y prkvh`ns, h euyn akm7 h) Ch H`ikmkstrhekõm Jdmdrhc `dc `dc Dsth`n, chs H`ikmkstrheknmds H`ikmkstrheknmds `d chs Eniumk`h`ds Eniumk`h`ds Hutõmnihs y chs dmtk`h`ds qud kmtdjrhm ch H`ikmkstrhekõm cnehc sd prdsthrèm ennpdrhekõm y hskstdmekh phrh dc dakehz dgdrekekn `d sus rdspdetkvhs enipdtdmekhs. l) Ch dchlnrhekõm `d ch pncétkeh prdvdmtkvh sd ccdvhrè h ehln enm ch phrtkekphekõm `d cns diprdshrkns y `d cns trhlhgh`nrds h trhvës `d sus nrjhmkzheknmds diprdshrkhcds y skm`kehcds iès rdprdsdmthtkvhs. Chs H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs prninvdrèm ch idgnrh `d ch d`uehekõm dm ihtdrkh prdvdmtkvh dm cns `kadrdmtds mkvdcds `d dmsdøhmzh. @dc iksin in`n, chs H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs anidmthrèm hqudcchs hetkvk`h`ds `dshrrncch`hs pnr cns trhlhgh`nrds, dm nr`dm h ch idgnrh `d chs enm`keknmds `d sdjurk`h` y shcu` dm dc trhlhgn y ch rd`ueekõm `d cns rkdsjns chlnrhcds, ch kmvdstkjhekõm n anidmtn `d mudvhs anrihs `d prntdeekõm y ch prninekõm `d dstrueturhs dakeheds `d prdvdmekõm. Chs H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs prninvdrèm ch dadetkvk`h` `dc prkmekpkn `d kjuhc`h` dmtrd iugdrds y fnilrds, enmsk`drhm`n chs vhrkhlcds rdcheknmh`hs enm dc sdxn thmtn dm cns skstdihs `d rdenjk`h y trhthikdmtn `d `htns enin dm dc dstu`kn d kmvdstkjhekõm jdmdrhcds dm ihtdrkh `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds, enm dc nlgdtkvn `d `dtdethr y prdvdmkr pnsklcds sktuheknmds dm chs qud cns `høns `drkvh`ns `dc trhlhgn pud`hm hphrdedr vkmeuch`ns enm dc sdxn sd xn `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. Ch pncétkeh dm ihtdrkh `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds `dldrè prninvdr ch kmtdjrhekõm dakehz `d ch prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds dm dc skstdih `d jdstkõm `d ch diprdsh. Kjuhcidmtd, ch pncétkeh dm ihtdrkh `d sdjurk`h` y shcu` dm dc trhlhgn tdm`rè dm eudmth chs mdedsk`h`ds y `kakeucth`ds dspdeéakehs `d chs pdqudøhs y id`khmhs diprdshs. H thc dadetn, dm dc prned`kikdmtn `d dchlnrhekõm `d chs `kspnskeknmds `d ehrèetdr jdmdrhc dm ihtdrkh `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds `dldrè kmenrpnrhrsd um kmanrid snlrd su hpckehekõm dm chs pdqudøhs y id`khmhs diprdshs qud kmecukrè, dm su ehsn, chs id`k`hs phrtkeuchrds qud phrh ësths sd enmtdipcdm. l. Mnrihs rdjchidmthrkhs Dc Jnlkdrmn, h trhvës `d chs enrrdspnm`kdmtds mnrihs rdjchidmthrkhs y prdvkh enmsucth h chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds y diprdshrkhcds iès rdprdsdmthtkvhs, rdjuchrè chs ihtdrkhs qud h enmtkmuhekõm sd rdcheknmhm7 h) \dquksktns iémkins qud `dldm rdumkr chs enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn phrh ch prntdeekõm `d ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. l) Ckiktheknmds n prnfklkeknmds prnfklkeknmds qud hadethrèm h chs npdrheknmds, npdrheknmds, cns prnedsns y chs dxpnskeknmds dxpnskeknmds chlnrhcds h hjdmtds qud dmtrhødm rkdsjns phrh ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. Dspdeéakehidmtd pn`rè dsthlcdedrsd dc snidtkikdmtn `d dstns prnedsns u npdrheknmds h trèiktds `d enmtrnc h`ikmkstrhtkvn, hsé enin, dm dc ehsn `d hjdmtds pdckjrnsns, ch prnfklkekõm `d su dipcdn. e) Enm`keknmds n rdquksktns dspdekhcds, thcds enin ch dxkjdmekh `d um h`kdstrhikdmtn n anrihekõm anrihekõm prdvkh n ch dchlnrhekõm `d um pchm dm dc qud sd enmtdmjhm chs id`k`hs prdvdmtkvhs h h`npthr. `) Rrned`kikdmtns `d dvhcuhekõm `d cns rkdsjns phrh ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds, mnrihckzhekõm `d idtn`ncnjéhs y juéhs `d hetuhekõm prdvdmtkvh. d) In`hck`h`ds `d nrjhmkzhekõm, nrjhmkzhekõm, aumeknmhikdmtn y enmtrnc `d cns sdrvkekns `d prdvdmekõm, enmsk`denmsk`drhm`n chs pdeuckhrk`h`ds `d chs pdqudøhs diprdshs enm dc d c akm `d dvkthr nlstèeucns kmmdedshrkns phrh d`ktnrkhc } edp
4;:
Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
su erdhekõm y `dshrrnccn, hsé enin ehphek`h`ds y hptktu`ds qud `dlhm rdumkr cns idmeknmh`ns sdrvkekns y cns trhlhgh`nrds `dskjmh`ns phrh `dshrrncchr ch heekõm prdvdmtkvh. a) Enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn n id`k`hs id`k`hs prdvdmtkvhs dspdeéakehs dm trhlhgns dspdekhcidmtd pdckjrnsns, dm phrtkeuchr sk phrh cns iksins dstèm prdvkstns enmtrncds ië`kens dspdekhcds, n euhm`n sd prdsdmtdm rkdsjns `drkvh`ns `d `dtdrikmh`hs ehrhetdréstkehs n sktuheknmds dspdekhcds `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. j) Rrned`kikdmtn `d ehckakehekõm `d chs dmadrid`h`ds prnadsknmhcds, hsé enin rdquksktns y prned`kikdmtns phrh ch eniumkehekõm d kmanrihekõm h ch hutnrk`h` enipdtdmtd `d cns `høns `drkvh`ns `dc trhlhgn. Chs mnrihs rdjchidmthrkhs km`keh`hs hmtdrknridmtd sd hgusthrèm, dm tn`n ehsn, h cns prkmekpkns `d pncétkeh prdvdmtkvh dsthlcdek`ns dm ch Cdy, ihmtdm`rèm ch `dlk`h ennr`kmhekõm enm ch mnrihtkvh shmkthrkh y `d sdjurk`h` km`ustrkhc y sdrèm nlgdtn `d dvhcuhekõm y, dm su ehsn, `d rdvkskõm pdrkõ`keh, `d heudr`n enm ch dxpdrkdmekh dm su hpckehekõm y dc prnjrdsn `d ch tëemkeh. e. Õrjhmns • Kmstktutn Mheknmhc `d Udjurk`h` d Fkjkdmd dm dc Prhlhgn
Dc Kmstktutn Mheknmhc `d Udjurk`h` d Fkjkdmd dm dc Prhlhgn ds dc õrjhmn ekdmtéaken tëemken dspdekhckzh`n `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm Jdmdrhc `dc Dsth`n qud tkdmd enin ikskõm dc hmècksks y dstu`kn `d chs enm`keknmds `d sdjurk`h` y shcu` dm dc trhlhgn, hsé enin ch prninekõm y hpnyn h ch idgnrh `d chs iksihs. Rhrh dccn dsthlcdedrè ch ennpdrhekõm mdedshrkh enm cns õrjhmns `d chs Eniumk`h`ds Hutõmnihs enm enipdtdmekhs dm dsth ihtdrkh. Dc Kmstktutn Mheknmhc `d Udjurk`h` d Fkjkdmd dm dc Prhlhgn, dm dc ihren `d sus aumeknmds, vdchrè pnr ch ennr`kmhekõm, hpnyhrè dc kmtdrehilkn `d kmanrihekõm y chs dxpdrkdmekhs dmtrd chs `kstkmths H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs y dspdekhcidmtd anidmthrè y prdsthrè hpnyn h ch rdhckzhekõm `d hetkvk`h`ds `d prninekõm `d ch sdjurk`h` y `d ch shcu` pnr chs Eniumk`h`ds Hutõmnihs. Hskiksin, prdsthrè, `d heudr`n enm chs H`ikmkstrheknmds enipdtdmtds, hpnyn tëemken dspdekhckzh`n dm ihtdrkh `d edrtkakehekõm, dmshyn y herd`kthekõm. Dm rdchekõm enm chs Kmstktueknmds `d ch Tmkõm Durnpdh, dc Kmstktutn Mheknmhc `d Udjurk`h` d Fkjkdmd dm dc Prhlhgn hetuhrè enin edmtrn `d rdadrdmekh mheknmhc, jhrhmtkzhm`n ch ennr`kmhekõm y trhmsikskõm `d ch kmanrihekõm qud `dldrè ahekckthr h dsehch mheknmhc, dm phrtkeuchr rdspdetn h ch Hjdmekh Durnpdh phrh ch Udjurk`h` y ch Uhcu` dm dc Prhlhgn y su \d`. Dc Kmstktutn Mheknmhc `d Udjurk`h` d Fkjkdmd dm dc Prhlhgn dgdredrè ch Uderdthréh Jdmdrhc `d ch Enikskõm Mheknmhc `d Udjurk`h` y Uhcu` dm dc Prhlhgn, prdstèm`ncd ch hskstdmekh tëemkeh y ekdmtéakeh mdedshrkh phrh dc `dshrrnccn `d sus enipdtdmekhs. • Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc Unekhc
Enrrdspnm`d h ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc ch aumekõm `d ch vkjkchmekh y enmtrnc `d ch mnrihtkvh snlrd Rrdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds. Chs H`ikmkstrheknmds Jdmdrhc `dc Dsth`n y `d chs eniumk`h`ds hutõmnihs h`npthrèm, dm sus rdspdetkvns èilktns `d enipdtdmekh, chs id`k`hs mdedshrkhs phrh jhrhmtkzhr ch enchlnrhekõm pdrkekhc y dc hsdsnrhikdmtn tëemken mdedshrkns h ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc qud, dm dc èilktn `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm Jdmdrhc `dc Dsth`n sdrèm prdsth`ns pnr dc Kmstktutn Mheknmhc `d Udjurk`h` d Fkjkdmd dm dc Prhlhgn. Dsths H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs dchlnrhrèm y ennr`kmhrèm pchmds `d hetuhekõm, dm sus rdspdetkvns èilktns enipdtdmekhcds y tdrrktnrkhcds, phrh enmtrklukr hc `dshrrnccn `d chs hetuheknmds prdvdmtkvhs dm chs diprdshs, dspdekhcidmtd chs `d id`khmn y pdqudøn thihøn y chs `d sdetnrds `d hetkvk`h` enm 4;6
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
ihynr mkvdc `d rkdsjn n `d skmkdstrhck`h`, h trhvës `d heeknmds `d hsdsnrhikdmtn, `d kmanrihekõm, `d anrihekõm y `d hskstdmekh tëemkeh. • Hetuheknmds `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs enipdtdmtds dm ihtdrkh shmkthrkh
Ud ccdvhrèm h ehln h trhvës `d chs heeknmds y dm rdchekõm enm cns hspdetns sdøhch`ns dm dc ehpétucn KQ `dc Pétucn K `d ch Cdy 80/8;61, `d <4 `d hlrkc, Jdmdrhc `d Uhmk`h` y `kspnskeknmds `keth`hs phrh su `dshrrnccn. Dm phrtkeuchr, enrrdspnm`drè h chs H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs ekth`hs7 h) Dc dsthlcdekikdmtn `d id`kns h`deuh`ns phrh ch dvhcuhekõm y enmtrnc `d chs hetuheknmds `d ehrèetdr shmkthrkn qud sd rdhckedm dm chs diprdshs pnr cns sdrvkekns `d prdvdmekõm hetuhmtds. Rhrh dccn, dsthlcdedrèm chs phuths y prntnencns `d hetuhekõm, né`hs chs snekd`h`ds ekdmtéakehs, h cns qud `dldrèm snidtdrsd cns ekth`ns sdrvkekns. l) Ch kipchmthekõm `d skstdihs `d kmanrihekõm h`deuh`ns qud pdrikthm ch dchlnrhekõm, gumtn enm chs hutnrk`h`ds chlnrhcds enipdtdmtds, `d ihphs `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds, hsé enin ch rdhckzhekõm `d dstu`kns dpk`dikncõjkens phrh ch k`dmtkakehekõm y prdvdmekõm `d chs phtncnjéhs qud pud`hm hadethr h ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds, hsé enin fhedr pnsklcd um rèpk`n kmtdrehilkn `d kmanrihekõm. e) Ch supdrvkskõm `d ch anrihekõm qud, dm ihtdrkh `d prdvdmekõm y prninekõm `d ch shcu` chlnrhc, `dlh rdeklkr dc pdrsnmhc shmkthrkn hetuhmtd dm cns sdrvkekns `d prdvdmekõm hutnrkzh`ns. `) Ch dchlnrhekõm y `kvucjhekõm `d dstu`kns, kmvdstkjheknmds y dsth`éstkehs rdcheknmh`ns enm ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds.
Htdmekõm Euhm`n `d chs hetuheknmds `d eniprnlhekõm, sd `d`uzeh ch dxkstdmekh `d kmarheekõm, y skdiprd qud fhyh id`kh`n kmeuipckikdmtn `d prdvkn rdqudrkikdmtn, dc aumeknmhrkn hetuhmtd rdiktkrè kmanrid h ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc, dm dc qud sd rdenjdrèm cns fdefns eniprn lh`n lh `ns, s, h da de detn tnss `d qu qudd sd cdvhmtd ch enrrdspnm`kdmtd heth `d kmarheekõm, sk hsé prned`kdrh.
• Ennr`kmhekõm h`ikmkstrhtkvh
Ch dchlnrhekõm `d mnrihs prdvdmtkvhs y dc enmtrnc `d su euipckikdmtn, ch prninekõm `d ch prdvdmekõm, ch kmvdstkjhekõm y ch vkjkchmekh dpk`dikncõjkeh snlrd rkdsjns chlnrhcds, heek`dmtds `d trhlhgn y dmadrid`h`ds prnadsknmhcds `dtdrikmhm ch mdedsk`h` `d ennr`kmhr chs hetuheknmds `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds enipdtdmtds dm ihtdrkh chlnrhc, shmkthrkh y `d km`ustrkh phrh umh iès dakehz prntdeekõm `d ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. Dm dc ihren `d `kefh ennr`kmhekõm, ch H`ikmkstrhekõm enipdtdmtd dm ihtdrkh chlnrhc vdchrè, dm phrtkeuchr, phrh qud ch kmanrihekõm nltdmk`h pnr ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc dm dc dgdrekekn `d chs aumeknmds htrkluk`hs h ch iksih sdh pudsth dm enmnekikdmtn `d ch hutnrk`h` shmkthrkh enipdtdmtd h cns akmds hmtdrknridmtd `kspudstns y dm dc hrtéeucn <8 `d ch Cdy d`ktnrkhc } edp
4;;
Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
80/8;61, `d <4 `d hlrkc, Jdmdrhc `d Uhmk`h`, hsé enin `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm enipdtdmtd dm ihtdrkh `d km`ustrkh h cns dadetns prdvkstns dm ch Cdy <8/8;;<, `d 81 `d guckn, `d Km`ustrkh. • Rhrtkekphekõm `d diprdshrkns y trhlhgh`nrds
Ch phrtkekphekõm `d diprdshrkns y trhlhgh`nrds, h trhvës `d chs nrjhmkzheknmds diprdshrkhcds y skm`kehcds iès rdprdsdmthtkvhs, dm ch pchmkakehekõm, prnjrhihekõm, nrjhmkzhekõm y enmtrnc `d ch jdstkõm rdcheknmh`h enm ch idgnrh `d chs enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn y ch prntdeekõm `d ch sdjurk`h` y shcu` `d cns trhlh gh`nrds dm dc trhlhgn ds prkmekpkn lèsken `d ch pncétkeh `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds, h `dshrrncchr pnr chs H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs enipdtdmtds dm cns `kstkmtns mkvdcds tdrrktnrkhcds. • Enikskõm Mheknmhc `d Udjurk`h` y Uhcu` dm dc Prhlhgn
Ud erdh ch Enikskõm Mheknmhc `d Udjurk`h` y Uhcu` dm dc Prhlhgn enin õrjhmn encdjkh`n hsdsnr `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs dm ch anriuchekõm `d chs pncétkehs `d Rrdvdmekõm y õrjhmn `d phrtkekphekõm kmstktueknmhc dm ihtdrkh `d sdjurk`h` y shcu` dm dc trhlhgn. Ch Enikskõm dsthrè kmtdjrh`h pnr um rdprdsdmthmtd `d eh`h umh `d chs Eniumk`h`ds Hutõmnihs y pnr kjuhc m÷idrn `d ikdilrns `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm Jdmdrhc `dc Dsth`n y, phrkthrkhidmtd enm tn`ns cns hmtdrknrds, pnr rdprdsdmthmtds `d chs nrjhmkzheknmds diprdshrkhcds y skm`kehcds iès rdprdsdmthtkvhs. Ch Enikskõm enmnedrè chs hetuheknmds qud `dshrrnccdm chs H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs enipdtdmtds dm ihtdrkh `d prninekõm `d ch prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds. Ch Enikskõm h`npthrè sus heudr`ns pnr ihynréh. H thc akm, cns rdprdsdmthmtds `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs tdm`rèm eh`h umn um vntn y `ns cns `d chs nrjhmkzheknmds diprdshrkhcds y skm`kehcds.
Õ\JHMNU Kmstktutn Mheknmhc `d Udjurk`h` d Fkjkdmd dm dc Prhlhgn - Õrjhmn ekdmtéaen tëemken tëemken dspdekhckzh`n dspdekhckzh`n `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõ H`ikmkstrhekõm m - Pkdmd enin ikskõm dc hmècksks y dstu`kn `d chs enm`keknmds `d sdjurk`h` y shcu` dm dc trhlhgn y prninekõm y hpnyn h ch idgnrh `d chs iksihs - Dgdred ch Uderdthréh Jdmdrhc `d ch Enikskõm Mheknmhc `d Udjurk`h` y Uhcu` dm dc Prhlhgn
Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc - Cd enrrdspnm`d enrrdspnm`d ch vkjkchmekh y enmtrnc `d ch mnrihtkvh snlrd Rrdvdmekõm Rrdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds
Enikskõm Mheknmhc `d Udjurk`h` y Uhcu` dm dc Prhlhgn - Õrjhmn encdjkh`n encdjkh`n hsdsnr hsdsnr `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs p÷lckehs dm ch anriuchekõm anriuchekõm `d `d chs pncétkehs `d `d Rrdvdmekõm - Õrjhmn `d phrtkekphekõm kmstktueknmhc kmstktue knmhc dm ihtdrkh `d sdjurk`h` y shcu` dm dc trhlhgn - Kmtdjrh`h pnr um rdprdsdmt rdprdsdmthmtd hmtd `d eh`h umh `d chs EEHH y pnr pnr kjuhc m÷idrn `d ikdilrns `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm Jdmdrhc `dc Dsth`n
D. @drdefns y nlckjheknmds h. @drdefn h ch prntdeekõm ardmtd h cns rkdsjns chlnrhcds Cns trhlhgh`nrds tkdmdm `drdefn h umh prntdeekõm dakehz dm ihtdrkh `d sdjurk`h` y shcu` dm dc trhlhgn. 122
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
Dc ekth`n `drdefn supnmd ch dxkstdmekh `d um enrrdchtkvn `dldr `dc diprdshrkn `d prntdeekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds ardmtd h cns rkdsjns chlnrhcds. Dstd `dldr `d prntdeekõm enmstktuyd, kjuhcidmtd, um `dldr `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs rdspdetn `dc pdrsnmhc h su sdrvkekn. Cns `drdefns `d kmanrihekõm, enmsucth y phrtkekphekõm, anrihekõm dm ihtdrkh prdvdmtkvh, phrhckzhekõm `d ch hetkvk`h` dm ehsn `d rkdsjn jrhvd d kmikmdmtd y vkjkchmekh `d su dsth`n `d shcu`, dm cns tërikmns prdvkstns dm ch Cdy, anrihm phrtd `dc `drdefn `d cns trhlhgh`nrds h umh prntdeekõm dakehz dm ihtdrkh `d sdjurk`h` y shcu` dm dc trhlhgn. Dm euipckikdmtn `dc `dldr `d prntdeekõm, dc diprdshrkn `dldrè jhrhmtkzhr ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds h su sdrvkekn dm tn`ns cns hspdetns rdcheknmh`ns enm dc trhlhgn. H dstns dadetns, dm dc ihren `d sus rdspnmshlkck`h`ds, dc diprdshrkn rdhckzhrè ch prdvdmekõm `d cns rkdsjns chlnrhcds id`khmtd ch kmtdjrhekõm `d ch hetkvk`h` prdvdmtkvh dm ch diprdsh y ch h`npekõm `d euhmths id`k`hs sdhm mdedshrkhs phrh ch prntdeekõm `d ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds, enm chs dspdekhck`h`ds qud sd rdenjdm dm cns hrtéeucns skjukdmtds dm ihtdrkh `d pchm `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds, dvhcuhekõm `d rkdsjns, kmanrihekõm, enmsucth y phrtkekphekõm y anrihekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds, hetuhekõm dm ehsns `d didrjdmekh y `d rkdsjn jrhvd d kmikmdmtd, vkjkchmekh `d ch shcu`, y id`khmtd ch enmstktuekõm `d umh nrjhmkzhekõm y `d cns id`kns mdedshrkns dm cns tërikmns dsthlcdek`ns dm dc Ehpétucn KQ `d ch Cdy 58/8;;4. Dc diprdshrkn `dshrrncchrè umh heekõm pdrihmdmtd `d sdjukikdmtn `d ch hetkvk`h` prdvdmtkvh enm dc akm `d pdradeeknmhr `d ihmdrh enmtkmuh chs hetkvk`h`ds `d k`dmtkakehekõm, dvhcuhekõm y enmtrnc `d cns rkdsjns qud mn sd fhyhm pn`k`n dvkthr y cns mkvdcds `d prntdeekõm dxkstdmtds y `kspnm`rè cn mdedshrkn phrh ch h`hpthekõm `d chs id`k`hs `d prdvdmekõm sdøhch`hs dm dc pèrrhan hmtdrknr h chs in`kakeheknmds qud pud`hm dxpdrkidmthr chs ekreumsthmekhs qud kmek`hm dm ch rdhckzhekõm `dc trhlhgn. Dc diprdshrkn `dldrè euipckr chs nlckjheknmds dsthlcdek`hs dm ch mnrihtkvh snlrd prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds. Dc enstd `d chs id`k`hs rdchtkvhs h ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` dm dc trhlhgn mn `dldrè rdehdr dm in`n hcjumn snlrd cns trhlhgh`nrds. l. Nlckjheknmds `dc diprdshrkn • Rrkmekpkns `d ch heekõm prdvdmtkvh
Dc diprdshrkn hpckehrè chs id`k`hs qud kmtdjrhm dc `dldr jdmdrhc `d Rrdvdmekõm enm hrrdjcn h cns skjukdmtds prkmekpkns jdmdrhcds7 h) Dvkthr cns rkdsjns. l) Dvhcuhr cns rkdsjns qud mn sd pud`hm dvkthr. e) Enilhtkr cns cns rkdsjns dm su nrkjdm. `) H`hpthr dc trhlhgn h ch pdrsnmh, hsé enin h ch dcdeekõm `d `d cns dqukpns y cns iëtn`ns `d trhlhgn y `d prn`ueekõm. d) Pdmdr dm eudmth ch dvncuekõm `d `d ch tëemkeh. a) Uustktukr cn pdckjrnsn pnr cn qud dmtrhød pnen n mkmj÷m pdckjrn. j) Rchmkakehr ch Rrdvdmekõm. f) H`npthr id`k`hs qud hmtdpnmjhm ch prntdeekõm prntdeekõm encdetkvh h ch km`kvk`uhc. km`kvk`uhc. k) @hr chs chs `dlk`hs `dlk`hs kmstrueeknmds kmstrueeknmds h cns trhlhgh`nrds.
d`ktnrkhc } edp
128
Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
Pnid mnth Dc diprdshrkn h`npthrè chs id`k`hs mdedshrkhs h akm `d jhrhmtkzhr qud sõcn cns trhlh gh`n gh `nrd rdss qu qudd fh fhyh yhmm rd rdek eklk lk`n `n kmanrihekõm suakekdmtd y h`deuh`h pud`hm heed`dr h chs znmhs `d rkdsjn jrhvd y dspdeéaken.
Dc diprdshrkn tnihrè dm enmsk`drhekõm chs ehphek`h`ds prnadsknmhcds `d cns trhlhgh`nrds dm ihtdrkh `d sdjurk`h` y `d shcu` dm dc inidmtn `d dmenidm`hrcds chs thrdhs y h`npthrè chs id`k`hs mdedshrkhs h akm `d jhrhmtkzhr qud sõcn cns trhlhgh`nrds qud fhyhm rdeklk`n kmanrihekõm suakekdmtd y h`deuh`h pud`hm heed`dr h chs znmhs `d rkdsjn jrhvd y dspdeéaken. Ch dadetkvk`h` `d chs id`k`hs prdvdmtkvhs `dldrè prdvdr chs `kstrheeknmds n kipru`dmekhs mn tdidrhrkhs qud pu`kdrh enidtdr dc trhlhgh`nr. Rhrh su h`npekõm sd tdm`rèm dm eudmth cns rkdsjns h`keknmhcds qud pu`kdrhm kipckehr `dtdrikmh`hs id`k`hs prdvdmtkvhs, chs euhcds sõcn pn`rèm h`npthrsd euhm`n ch ihjmktu` `d `kefns rkdsjns sdh susthmekhcidmtd kmadrknr h ch `d cns qud sd prdtdm`d enmtrnchr y mn dxksthm hctdrmhtkvhs iès sdjurhs. • Rchm `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds, dvhcuhekõm `d cns rkdsjns y pchmkakehekõm `d ch hetkvk`h` prdvdmtkvh
Ch prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds `dldrè kmtdjrhrsd dm dc skstdih jdmdrhc `d jdstkõm `d ch diprdsh, thmtn dm dc enmgumtn `d sus hetkvk`h`ds enin dm tn`ns cns mkvdcds gdrèrqukens `d ësth, h trhvës `d ch kipchmthekõm y hpckehekõm `d um pchm `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds h qud sd rdakdrd dc pèrrhan skjukdmtd. Dstd pchm `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds `dldrè kmecukr ch dstrueturh nrjhmkzhtkvh, chs rdspnmshlkck`h`ds, chs aumeknmds, chs prèetkehs, cns prned`kikdmtns, cns prnedsns y cns rdeursns mdedshrkns phrh rdhckzhr ch heekõm `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns dm ch diprdsh, dm cns tërikmns qud rdjchidmthrkhidmtd sd dsthlcdzehm. Cns kmstruidmtns dsdmekhcds phrh ch jdstkõm y hpckehekõm `dc pchm `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns, qud pn`rèm sdr ccdvh`ns h ehln pnr ahsds `d anrih prnjrhih`h, snm ch dvhcuhekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds y ch pchmkakehekõm `d ch hetkvk`h` prdvdmtkvh. Chs diprdshs, dm htdmekõm hc m÷idrn `d trhlhgh`nrds y h ch mhturhcdzh y pdckjrnsk`h` `d chs hetkvk`h`ds rdhckzh`hs, pn`rèm rdhckzhr dc pchm `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds, ch dvhcuhekõm `d rkdsjns y ch pchmkakehekõm `d ch hetkvk`h` prdvdmtkvh `d anrih skipckakeh`h, skdiprd qud dccn mn supnmjh umh rd`ueekõm `dc mkvdc `d prntdeekõm `d ch sdjurk`h` y shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds y dm cns tërikmns qud rdjchidmthrkhidmtd sd `dtdrikmdm. Euhm`n sd fhyh prn`uek`n um `høn phrh ch shcu` `d cns trhlh gh`nrds gh`nr ds n euhm euhm`n, `n, enm nehs nehskõm kõm `d ch vkjk vkjkchme chmekh kh `d ch shcu shcu`, `, hphrdzehm km`kekns `d qud chs id`k`hs `d Rrdvdmekõm rdsucthm kmsuakekdmtds, dc diprdshrkn ccdvhrè h ehln umh kmvdstkjhekõm hc rdspdetn, h akm `d `dtdethr chs ehushs `d dstns fdefns. 12<
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
• Dqukpns `d trhlhgn y id`kns `d prntdeekõm
Dc diprdshrkn h`npthrè chs id`k`hs mdedshrkhs enm dc akm `d qud cns dqukpns `d trhlhgn sdhm h`deuh`ns phrh dc trhlhgn qud `dlh rdhckzhrsd y enmvdmkdmtdidmtd h`hpth`ns h thc dadetn, `d anrih qud jhrhmtkedm ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds hc utkckzhrcns. Euhm`n ch utkckzhekõm `d um dqukpn `d trhlhgn pud`h prdsdmthr um rkdsjn dspdeéaken phrh ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds, dc diprdshrkn h`npthrè chs id`k`hs mdedshrkhs enm dc akm `d qud7 h) Ch utkckzhekõm `dc dqukpn `d trhlhgn trhlhgn qud`d rdsdrvh`h h cns dmehrjh`ns `d `kefh `kefh utkckzhekõm. l) Cns trhlhgns `d rdphrhekõm, trhmsanrihekõm, ihmtdmkikdmtn n enmsdrvhekõm sdhm rdhckzh`ns pnr cns trhlhgh`nrds dspdeéakehidmtd ehphekth`ns phrh dccn. Dc diprdshrkn `dldrè prnpnreknmhr h sus trhlhgh`nrds dqukpns `d prntdeekõm km`kvk`uhc h`deuh`ns phrh dc `dsdipdøn `d sus aumeknmds y vdchr pnr dc usn dadetkvn `d cns iksins euhm`n, pnr ch mhturhcdzh `d cns trhlhgns rdhckzh`ns, sdhm mdedshrkns. Cns dqukpns `d prntdeekõm km`kvk`uhc `dldrèm utkckzhrsd euhm`n cns rkdsjns mn sd pud`hm dvkthr n mn pud`hm ckikthrsd suakekdmtdidmtd pnr id`kns tëemkens `d prntdeekõm encdetkvh n id`khmtd id`k`hs, iëtn`ns n prned`kikdmtns `d nrjhmkzhekõm `dc trhlhgn. • Kmanrihekõm, enmsucth enmsucth y phrtkekphekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds
Dc diprdshrkn h`npthrè chs id`k`hs h`deuh`hs phrh qud cns trhlhgh`nrds rdeklhm tn`hs chs kmanriheknmds mdedshrkhs dm rdchekõm enm7 h) Cns rkdsjns phrh ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds trhlhgh`nrds dm dc trhlhgn, thmtn hqudccns qud hadetdm h ch diprdsh dm su enmgumtn enin h eh`h tkpn `d pudstn `d trhlhgn n aumekõm. l) Chs id`k`hs y hetkvk`h`ds `d prntdeekõm y prdvdmekõm hpckehlcds h cns rkdsjns sdøhch`ns dm dc hphrth`n hmtdrknr. e) Chs id`k`hs h`npth`hs h`npth`hs `d enmanrik`h` enmanrik`h` enm cn `kspudstn `kspudstn dm ch Cdy 58/8;;4. 58/8;;4. Dm chs diprdshs qud eudmtdm enm rdprdsdmthmtds `d cns trhlhgh`nrds, ch kmanrihekõm h qud sd rdakdrd dstd hphrth`n sd ahekckthrè pnr dc diprdshrkn h cns trhlhgh`nrds h trhvës `d `kefns rdprdsdmthmtds? mn nlsthmtd, `dldrè kmanrihrsd `krdethidmtd h eh`h trhlhgh`nr `d cns rkdsjns dspdeéakens qud hadetdm h su pudstn `d trhlhgn n aumekõm y `d chs id`k`hs `d prntdeekõm y prdvdmekõm hpckehlcds h `kefns rkdsjns. Dc diprdshrkn `dldrè enmsucthr h cns trhlhgh`nrds, y pdriktkr su phrtkekphekõm, dm dc ihren `d tn`hs chs eudstknmds qud hadetdm h ch sdjurk`h` y h ch shcu` dm dc trhlhgn. Cns trhlhgh`nrds tdm`rèm `drdefn h dadetuhr prnpudsths hc diprdshrkn, hsé enin h cns õrjhmns `d phrtkekphekõm y rdprdsdmthekõm, `krkjk`hs h ch idgnrh `d cns mkvdcds `d prntdeekõm `d ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` dm ch diprdsh. • Anrihekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds
Dm euipckikdmtn `dc `dldr `d prntdeekõm, dc diprdshrkn `dldrè jhrhmtkzhr qud eh`h trhlhgh`nr rdeklh umh anrihekõm tdõrkeh y prèetkeh, suakekdmtd y h`deuh`h, dm ihtdrkh prdvdmtkvh, thmtn dm dc inidmtn `d su enmtrhthekõm, euhcqukdrh qud sdh ch in`hck`h` n `urhekõm `d ësth, enin euhm`n sd prn`uzehm ehilkns dm chs aumeknmds qud `dsdipdød n sd kmtrn`uzehm mudvhs tdemncnjéhs n ehilkns dm cns dqukpns `d trhlhgn. Ch anrihekõm `dldrè dsthr edmtrh`h dspdeéakehidmtd dm dc pudstn `d trhlhgn n aumekõm `d eh`h trhlhgh`nr, h`hpthrsd h ch dvncuekõm `d cns rkdsjns y h ch hphrkekõm `d ntrns mudvns y rdpdtkrsd pdrkõ`kehidmtd, sk audrh mdedshrkn.
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Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
Ch anrihekõm h qud sd rdakdrd dc hphrth`n hmtdrknr `dldrè kiphrtkr, skdiprd qud sdh pnsklcd, `dmtrn `d ch gnrmh`h `d trhlhgn n, dm su `dadetn, dm ntrhs fnrhs pdrn enm dc `dseudmtn dm hquëcch `dc tkdipn kmvdrtk`n dm ch iksih. Ch anrihekõm sd pn`rè kiphrtkr pnr ch diprdsh id`khmtd id`kns prnpkns n enmedrtèm`nch enm sdrvkekns hgdmns, y su enstd mn rdehdrè dm mkmj÷m ehsn snlrd cns trhlhgh`nrds. • Id`k`hs `d didrjdmekh
Dc diprdshrkn, tdmkdm`n dm eudmth dc thihøn y ch hetkvk`h` `d ch diprdsh, hsé enin ch pnsklcd prdsdmekh `d pdrsnmhs hgdmhs h ch iksih, `dldrè hmhckzhr chs pnsklcds sktuheknmds `d didrjdmekh y h`npthr chs id`k`hs mdedshrkhs dm ihtdrkh `d prkidrns huxkckns, cuefh enmtrh kmedm`kns y dvheuhekõm `d cns trhlh gh`nrds, `dskjmhm`n phrh dccn hc pdrsnmhc dmehrjh`n `d pnmdr dm prèetkeh dsths id`k`hs y eniprn lhm`n pdrkõ`kehidmtd, dm su ehsn, su enrrdetn aumeknmhikdmtn. Dc ekth`n pdrsnmhc `dldrè pnsddr ch anrihekõm mdedshrkh, sdr suakekdmtd dm m÷idrn y `kspnmdr `dc ihtdrkhc h`deuh`n, dm aumekõm `d chs ekreumsthmekhs hmtds sdøhch`hs. Rhrh ch hpckehekõm `d chs id`k`hs h`npth`hs, dc diprdshrkn `dldrè nrjhmkzhr chs rdcheknmds qud sdhm mdedshrkhs enm sdrvkekns dxtdrmns h ch diprdsh, dm phrtkeuchr dm ihtdrkh `d prkidrns huxkckns, hskstdmekh ië`keh `d urjdmekh, shcvhidmtn y cuefh enmtrh kmedm`kns, `d anrih qud qud`d jhrhmtkzh`h ch rhpk`dz y dakehekh `d chs iksihs. • \kdsjn jrhvd d kmikmdmtd
Euhm`n cns trhlhgh`nrds dstëm n pud`hm dsthr dxpudstns h um rkdsjn jrhvd d kmikmdmtd enm nehskõm `d su trhlhgn, dc diprdshrkn dsthrè nlckjh`n h7 h) Kmanrihr cn hmtds pnsklcd h tn`ns cns trhlhgh`nrds trhlhgh`nrds hadeth`ns hedreh `d ch dxkstdmekh `d `kefn rkdsjn y `d chs id`k`hs h`npth`hs n qud, dm su ehsn, `dlhm h`npthrsd dm ihtdrkh `d prntdeekõm. l) H`npthr chs id`k`hs y `hr chs kmstrueeknmds mdedshrkhs phrh qud, dm ehsn `d pdckjrn jrhvd, kmikmdmtd d kmdvkthlcd, cns trhlhgh`nrds pud`hm kmtdrruipkr su hetkvk`h` y, sk audrh mdedshrkn, hlhm`nmhr `d kmid`khtn dc cujhr `d trhlhgn. Dm dstd supudstn mn pn`rè dxkjkrsd h cns trhlhgh`nrds qud rdhmu`dm su hetkvk`h` ikdmtrhs pdrsksth dc pdckjrn, shcvn dxedpekõm `dlk`hidmtd gustkakeh`h pnr rhznmds `d sdjurk`h` y `dtdrikmh`h rdjchidmthrkhidmtd. e) @kspnmdr cn mdedshrkn phrh qud dc trhlhgh`nr qud mn pu`kdrh pu`kdrh pnmdrsd dm enmthetn enm enm su supdrknr gdrèrquken, hmtd umh sktuhekõm sktuhekõm `d pdckjrn jrhvd jrhvd d kmikmdmtd phrh su sdjurk`h`, sdjurk`h`, ch `d ntrns trhlhgh`ntrhlhgh`nrds n ch `d tdredrns h ch diprdsh, dstë dm enm`keknmds, fhlk`h eudmth `d sus enmnekikdmtns y `d cns id`kns tëemkens pudstns h su `kspnskekõm, `d h`npthr chs id`k`hs mdedshrkhs phrh dvkthr chs enmsdeudmekhs `d `kefn pdckjrn. Dc trhlhgh`nr tdm`rè `drdefn h kmtdrruipkr su hetkvk`h` y hlhm`nmhr dc cujhr `d trhlhgn, dm ehsn mdedshrkn, euhm`n enmsk`drd qud `kefh hetkvk`h` dmtrhøh um rkdsjn jrhvd d kmikmdmtd phrh su vk`h n su shcu`. • Qkjkchmekh `d ch shcu`
Dc diprdshrkn jhrhmtkzhrè h cns trhlhgh`nrds h su sdrvkekn ch vkjkchmekh pdrkõ`keh `d su dsth`n `d shcu` dm aumekõm `d cns rkdsjns kmfdrdmtds hc trhlhgn. Dsth vkjkchmekh sõcn pn`rè ccdvhrsd h ehln euhm`n dc trhlhgh`nr prdstd su enmsdmtkikdmtn. @d dstd ehrèetdr vncumthrkn sõcn sd dxedptuhrèm, prdvkn kmanrid `d cns rdprdsdmthmtds `d cns trhlhgh`nrds, cns supudstns dm cns qud ch rdhckzhekõm `d cns rdenmnekikdmtns sdh kiprdsekm`klcd phrh dvhcuhr cns dadetns `d chs enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn snlrd ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds n phrh vdrkakehr sk dc dsth`n `d shcu` `dc trhlhgh`nr pud`d enmstktukr um pdckjrn phrh dc iksin, phrh cns `diès trhlhgh`nrds n phrh ntrhs pdrsnmhs rdcheknmh`hs enm ch diprdsh n euhm`n hsé dstë dsthlcdek`n dm umh `kspnskekõm cdjhc dm rdchekõm enm 120
d`ktnrkhc } edp
Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
ch prntdeekõm `d rkdsjns dspdeéakens y hetkvk`h`ds `d dspdekhc pdckjrnsk`h`. Dm tn`n ehsn sd `dldrè npthr pnr ch rdhckzhekõm `d hqudccns rdenmnekikdmtns n prudlhs qud ehusdm chs idmnrds incdstkhs hc trhlhgh`nr y qud sdhm prnpnreknmhcds hc rkdsjn. Chs id`k`hs `d vkjkchmekh y enmtrnc `d ch shcu` sd ccdvhrèm h ehln rdspdthm`n skdiprd dc `drdefn h ch kmtkik`h` y h ch `kjmk`h` `d ch pdrsnmh `dc trhlhgh`nr y ch enmak`dmekhck`h` `d tn`h ch kmanrihekõm rdcheknmh`h enm su dsth`n d sth`n `d shcu`. Cns rdsucth`ns `d ch vkjkchmekh sdrèm eniumkeh`ns h cns trhlhgh`nrds hadeth`ns. Dc heedsn h ch kmanrihekõm ië`keh `d ehrèetdr pdrsnmhc sd ckikthrè hc pdrsnmhc ië`ken y h chs hutnrk`h`ds shmkthrkhs qud ccdvdm h ehln ch vkjkchmekh `d ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds, skm qud pud`h ahekckthrsd hc diprdshrkn n h ntrhs pdrsnmhs skm enmsdmtkikdmtn dxprdsn `dc trhlhgh`nr. Mn nlsthmtd cn hmtdrknr, dc diprdshrkn y chs pdrsnmhs u õrjhmns enm rdspnmshlkck`h`ds dm ihtdrkh `d prdvdmekõm sdrèm kmanrih`ns `d chs enmecusknmds qud sd `drkvdm `d cns rdenmnekikdmtns dadetuh`ns dm rdchekõm enm ch hptktu` `dc trhlhgh`nr phrh dc `dsdipdøn `dc pudstn `d trhlhgn n enm ch mdedsk`h` `d kmtrn`uekr n idgnrhr chs id`k`hs `d prntdeekõm y prdvdmekõm, h akm `d qud pud`hm `dshrrncchr enrrdethidmtd sus aumeknmds dm ihtdrkh prdvdmtkvh. Chs id`k`hs `d vkjkchmekh y enmtrnc `d ch shcu` sd ccdvhrèm h ehln pnr pdrsnmhc shmkthrkn enm enipdtdmekh tëemkeh, anrihekõm y ehphek`h` herd`kth`h.
\deudr`d Cns `htns rdchtkvns h ch vkjkchmekh `d ch shcu` `d cns trhlh gh`nrds mn pn`rèm sdr ush`ns enm akmds `kserkikmhtnrkns mk dm pdrgukekn `dc trhlhgh`nr.
• @neuidmthekõm
Dc diprdshrkn `dldrè dchlnrhr y enmsdrvhr h `kspnskekõm `d ch hutnrk`h` chlnrhc ch skjukdmtd `neuidmthekõm7 h) Rchm `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds, enmanrid h cn prdvkstn dm dc hphrth`n 8 `dc hrtéeucn 81 `d ch Cdy 58/8;;4. l) Dvhcuhekõm `d cns rkdsjns phrh ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` dm dc trhlhgn, kmecuk`n dc rdsucth`n `d cns enmtrncds pdrkõ`kens `d chs enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn y `d ch hetkvk`h` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. e) Rchmkakehekõm `d ch hetkvk`h` prdvdmtkvh, kmecuk`hs chs id`k`hs `d prntdeekõm y `d prdvdmekõm h h`npthr y, dm su ehsn, ihtdrkhc `d prntdeekõm qud `dlh utkckzhrsd. `) Rrèetkeh `d cns enmtrncds `dc dsth`n `d shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. d) \dchekõm `d heek`dmtds `d `d trhlhgn y dmadrid`h`ds prnadsknmhcds qud fhyhm ehush`n hc trhlhgh`nr umh kmehphek`h` chlnrhc supdrknr h um `éh `d trhlhgn. d`ktnrkhc } edp
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Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
Dc diprdshrkn dsthrè nlckjh`n h mntkakehr pnr dserktn h ch hutnrk`h` chlnrhc cns `høns phrh ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds h su sdrvkekn qud sd fulkdrhm prn`uek`n enm intkvn `dc `dshrrnccn `d su trhlhgn. Ch `neuidmthekõm `dldrè thilkëm sdr pudsth h `kspnskekõm `d chs hutnrk`h`ds shmkthrkhs. • Ennr`kmhekõm `d hetkvk`h`ds diprdshrkhcds
Euhm`n dm um iksin edmtrn `d trhlhgn `dshrrnccdm hetkvk`h`ds trhlhgh`nrds `d `ns n iès diprdshs, ësths `dldrèm ennpdrhr dm ch hpckehekõm `d ch mnrihtkvh snlrd prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds. H thc akm, dsthlcdedrèm cns id`kns `d ennr`kmhekõm qud sdhm mdedshrkns dm euhmtn h ch prntdeekõm y prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds y ch kmanrihekõm snlrd cns iksins h sus rdspdetkvns trhlhgh`nrds. Dc diprdshrkn tktuchr `dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn h`npthrè chs id`k`hs mdedshrkhs phrh qud hqudccns ntrns diprdshrkns qud `dshrrnccdm hetkvk`h`ds dm su edmtrn `d trhlhgn rdeklhm ch kmanrihekõm y chs kmstrueeknmds h`deuh`hs, dm rdchekõm enm cns rkdsjns dxkstdmtds dm dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn y enm chs id`k`hs `d prntdeekõm y prdvdmekõm enrrdspnm`kdmtds, hsé enin snlrd chs id`k`hs `d didrjdmekh h hpckehr, phrh su trhsch`n h sus rdspdetkvns trhlhgh`nrds. Chs diprdshs qud enmtrhtdm n sulenmtrhtdm enm ntrhs ch rdhckzhekõm `d nlrhs n sdrvkekns enrrdspnm`kdmtds h ch prnpkh hetkvk`h` `d hquëcchs y qud sd `dshrrnccdm dm sus prnpkns edmtrns `d trhlhgn `dldrèm vkjkchr dc euipckikdmtn pnr `kefns enmtrhtksths y sulenmtrhtksths `d ch mnrihtkvh `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds. • Rrntdeekõm `d trhlhgh`nrds dspdekhcidmtd sdmsklcds h `dtdrikmh`ns rkdsjns
Dc diprdshrkn jhrhmtkzhrè `d ihmdrh dspdeéakeh ch prntdeekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds qud, pnr sus prnpkhs ehrhetdréstkehs pdrsnmhcds n dsth`n lkncõjken enmnek`n, kmecuk`ns hqudccns qud tdmjhm rdenmnek`h ch sktuhekõm `d `ksehphek`h` aéskeh, pséqukeh n sdmsnrkhc, sdhm dspdekhcidmtd sdmsklcds h cns rkdsjns `drkvh`ns `dc trhlhgn. H thc akm, `dldrè tdmdr dm eudmth `kefns hspdetns dm chs dvhcuheknmds `d cns rkdjns y, dm aumekõm `d ësths, h`npthrè chs id`k`hs prdvdmtkvhs y `d prntdeekõm mdedshrkhs. Cns trhlhgh`nrds mn sdrèm dipcdh`ns dm hqudccns pudstns `d trhlhgn dm cns qud, h ehush `d sus ehrhetdréstkehs pdrsnmhcds, dsth`n lkncõjken n pnr su `ksehphek`h` aéskeh, pséqukeh n sdmsnrkhc `dlk`hidmtd rdenmnek`h, pud`hm dccns, cns `diès trhlhgh`nrds u ntrhs pdrsnmhs rdcheknmh`hs enm ch diprdsh pnmdrsd dm sktuhekõm `d pdckjrn n, dm jdmdrhc, euhm`n sd dmeudmtrdm ihmkakdsthidmtd dm dsth`ns n sktuheknmds trhmsktnrkhs qud mn rdspnm`hm h chs dxkjdmekhs pskenaéskehs `d cns rdspdetkvns pudstns `d trhlhgn. Kjuhcidmtd, dc diprdshrkn `dldrè tdmdr dm eudmth dm chs dvhcuheknmds cns ahetnrds `d rkdsjn qud pud`hm kmek`kr dm ch aumekõm `d prnerdhekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds y trhlhgh`nrhs, dm phrtkeuchr pnr ch dxpnskekõm h hjdmtds aéskens, quéikens y lkncõjkens qud pud`hm dgdredr dadetns iuthjëmkens n `d tnxkek`h` phrh ch prnerdhekõm, thmtn dm cns hspdetns `d ch adrtkck`h`, enin `dc `dshrrnccn `d ch `dsedm`dmekh, enm nlgdtn `d h`npthr chs id`k`hs prdvdmtkvhs mdedshrkhs. • Rrntdeekõm `d ch ihtdrmk`h`
Ch dvhcuhekõm `d cns rkdsjns `dldrè eniprdm`dr ch `dtdrikmhekõm `d ch mhturhcdzh, dc jrh`n y ch `urhekõm `d ch dxpnskekõm `d chs trhlhgh`nrhs dm sktuhekõm `d dilhrhzn n phrtn rdekdmtd h hjdmtds, prned`kikdmtns n enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn qud pud`hm kmacukr mdjhtkvhidmtd dm ch shcu` `d chs trhlhgh`nrhs n `dc adtn, dm euhcqukdr hetkvk`h` susedptklcd `d prdsdmthr um rkdsjn dspdeéaken. Uk cns rdsucth`ns `d ch dvhcuhekõm rdvdchsdm um rkdsjn phrh ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` n umh pnsklcd rdpdreuskõm snlrd dc dilhrhzn n ch chethmekh `d chs ekth`hs trhlhgh`nrhs, dc diprdshrkn h`npthrè chs id`k`hs mdedshrkhs phrh dvkthr ch dxpnskekõm h `kefn rkdsjn, h trhvës `d umh h`hpthekõm `d chs enm`keknmds n `dc tkdipn `d trhlhgn `d ch trhlhgh`nrh hadeth`h. @kefhs id`k`hs kmecukrèm, euhm`n rdsuctd mdedshrkn, ch mn rdhckzhekõm `d trhlhgn mneturmn n `d trhlhgn h turmns.
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Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
Euhm`n ch h`hpthekõm `d chs enm`keknmds n `dc tkdipn `d trhlhgn mn rdsucthsd pnsklcd n, h pdshr `d thc h`hpthekõm, chs enm`keknmds `d um pudstn `d trhlhgn pu`kdrhm kmacukr mdjhtkvhidmtd dm ch shcu` `d ch trhlhgh`nrh dilhrhzh`h n `dc adtn, y hsé cn edrtkakqudm cns sdrvkekns ië`kens `dc Kmstktutn Mheknmhc `d ch Udjurk`h` Unekhc n `d chs Iutuhs, enm dc kmanrid `dc ië`ken `dc Udrvkekn Mheknmhc `d ch Uhcu` qud hsksth aheucthtkvhidmtd h ch trhlhgh`nrh, ësth `dldrè `dsdipdøhr um pudstn `d trhlhgn n aumekõm `kadrdmtd y eniphtklcd enm su dsth`n. Dc diprdshrkn `dldrè `dtdrikmhr, prdvkh enmsucth enm cns rdprdsdmthmtds `d cns trhlhgh`nrds, ch rdchekõm `d cns pudstns `d trhlhgn dxdmtns `d rkdsjns h dstns dadetns. Dc ehilkn `d pudstn n aumekõm sd ccdvhrè h ehln `d enmanrik`h` enm chs rdjchs y erktdrkns qud sd hpckqudm dm cns supudstns `d invkck`h` aumeknmhc y tdm`rè dadetns fhsth dc inidmtn dm qud dc dsth`n `d shcu` `d ch trhlhgh`nrh pdrikth su rdkmenrpnrhekõm hc hmtdrknr pudstn. Dm dc supudstn `d qud, hum hpckehm`n chs rdjchs sdøhch`hs dm dc pèrrhan hmtdrknr, mn dxkstkdsd pudstn `d trhlhgn n aumekõm eniphtklcd, ch trhlhgh`nrh pn`rè sdr `dstkmh`h h um pudstn mn enrrdspnm`kdmtd h su jrupn n h ehtdjnréh dqukvhcdmtd, sk lkdm enmsdrvhrè dc `drdefn hc enmgumtn `d rdtrklueknmds `d su pudstn `d nrkjdm. Uk `kefn ehilkn mn rdsucthrh tëemkeh u nlgdtkvhidmtd pnsklcd, n mn pud`h rhznmhlcdidmtd dxkjkrsd pnr intkvns gustkakeh`ns, pn`rè `dechrhrsd dc phsn `d ch trhlhgh`nrh hadeth`h h ch sktuhekõm `d suspdmskõm `dc enmtrhtn pnr rkdsjn `urhmtd dc dilhrhzn, enmtdipch`n dm dc Dsthtutn `d cns Prhlhgh`nrds, `urhmtd dc pdrén`n mdedshrkn phrh ch prntdeekõm `d su sdjurk`h` n `d su shcu` y ikdmtrhs pdrsksth ch kipnsklkck`h` `d rdkmenrpnrhrsd h su pudstn hmtdrknr n h ntrn pudstn eniphtklcd enm su dsth`n. Cn `kspudstn hmtdrknridmtd sdrè thilkëm `d hpckehekõm `urhmtd dc pdrén`n `d chethmekh mhturhc, sk chs enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn pu`kdrhm kmacukr mdjhtkvhidmtd dm ch shcu` `d ch iugdr n `dc fkgn y hsé cn edrtkakqudm cns Udrvkekns Ië`kens `dc Kmstktutn Mheknmhc `d ch Udjurk`h` Unekhc n `d chs Iutuhs, dm aumekõm `d ch Dmtk`h` enm ch qud ch diprdsh tdmjh enmedrth`h ch enldrturh `d cns rkdsjns prnadsknmhcds, enm dc kmanrid `dc ië`ken `dc Udrvkekn Mheknmhc `d Uhcu` qud hsksth aheucthtkvhidmtd h ch trhlhgh`nrh n h su fkgn. Rn`rè, hskiksin, `dechrhrsd dc phsd `d ch trhlhgh`nrh hadeth`h h ch sktuhekõm `d suspdmskõm `dc enmtrhtn pnr rkdsjn `urhmtd ch chethmekh mhturhc `d fkgns idmnrds `d mudvd idsds enmtdipch`h dm dc Dsthtutn `d cns Prhlhgh`nrds, sk sd `hm chs ekreumsthmekhs prdvksths.
Dgdipcn Chs trhlhgh`nrhs dilhrhzh`hs tdm`rèm `drdefn h husdmthrsd `dc trhlhgn, enm `drdefn h rdiumdrhekõm, phrh ch rdhckzhekõm `d dxèidmds prdmhthcds y tëemkehs `d prdphrhekõm hc phrtn, prdvkn hvksn hc diprdshrkn y gustkakehekõm `d ch mdedsk`h` `d su rdhckzhekõm `dmtrn `d ch gnrmh`h `d trhlhgn.
• Rrntdeekõm `d cns idmnrds
Hmtds `d ch kmenrpnrhekõm hc trhlhgn `d gõvdmds idmnrds `d `kdeknefn høns, y prdvkhidmtd h euhcqukdr in`kakehekõm kipnrd`ktnrkhc } edp
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Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
thmtd `d sus enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn, dc diprdshrkn `dldrè dadetuhr umh dvhcuhekõm `d cns pudstns `d trhlhgn h `dsdipdøhr pnr cns iksins, h akm `d `dtdrikmhr ch mhturhcdzh, dc jrh`n y ch `urhekõm `d su dxpnskekõm, dm euhcqukdr hetkvk`h` susedptklcd `d prdsdmthr um rkdsjn dspdeéaken hc rdspdetn, h hjdmtds, prnedsns n enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn qud pud`hm pnmdr dm pdckjrn ch sdjurk`h` n ch shcu` `d dstns trhlh gh`nrds. H thc akm, ch dvhcuhekõm tdm`rè dspdekhcidmtd dm eudmth cns rkdsjns dspdeéakens phrh ch sdjurk`h`, ch shcu` y dc `dshrrnccn `d cns gõvdmds `drkvh`ns `d su ahcth `d dxpdrkdmekh, `d su kmih`urdz phrh dvhcuhr cns rkdsjns dxkstdmtds n pntdmekhcds y `d su `dshrrnccn tn`hvéh kmenipcdtn. Dm tn`n ehsn, dc diprdshrkn kmanrihrè h `kefns gõvdmds y h sus ph`rds n tutnrds qud fhyhm kmtdrvdmk`n dm ch enmtrhthekõm, enmanrid h cn `kspudstn dm dc tdxtn rdaum`k`n `d ch Cdy `dc Dsthtutn `d cns Prhlhgh`nrds, `d cns pnsklcds rkdsjns y `d tn`hs chs id`k`hs h`npth`hs phrh ch prntdeekõm `d su sdjurk`h` y shcu`. • \dcheknmds `d trhlhgn tdipnrhcds, `d `urhekõm `dtdrikmh`h y dm diprdshs `d trhlhgn tdipnrhc
Cns trhlhgh`nrds enm rdcheknmds `d trhlhgn tdipnrhcds n `d `urhekõm `dtdrikmh`h, hsé enin cns enmtrhth`ns pnr diprdshs `d trhlhgn tdipnrhc, `dldrèm `ksaruthr `dc iksin mkvdc `d prntdeekõm dm ihtdrkh `d sdjurk`h` y shcu` qud cns rdsthmtds trhlhgh`nrds `d ch diprdsh dm ch qud prdsthm sus sdrvkekns. Dc diprdshrkn h`npthrè chs id`k`hs mdedshrkhs phrh jhrhmtkzhr qud, enm ehrèetdr prdvkn hc kmkekn `d su hetkvk`h`, cns trhlhgh`nrds rdeklhm kmanrihekõm hedreh `d cns rkdsjns h cns qud vhyhm h dsthr dxpudstns, dm phrtkeuchr dm cn rdchtkvn h ch mdedsk`h` `d euhckakeheknmds n hptktu`ds prnadsknmhcds `dtdrikmh`hs, ch dxkjdmekh `d enmtrncds ië`kens dspdekhcds n ch dxkstdmekh `d rkdsjns dspdeéakens `dc pudstn `d trhlhgn h eulrkr, hsé enin snlrd chs id`k`hs `d prntdeekõm y Rrdvdmekõm ardmtd h cns iksins. @kefns trhlhgh`nrds rdeklkrèm, dm tn`n ehsn, umh anrihekõm suakekdmtd y h`deuh`h h chs ehrhetdréstkehs `dc pudstn `d trhlhgn h eulrkr, tdmkdm`n dm eudmth su euhckakehekõm y dxpdrkdmekh prnadsknmhc y cns rkdsjns h cns qud vhyhm h dsthr dxpudstns. Cns trhlhgh`nrds rdadrk`ns hmtdrknridmtd tdm`rèm `drdefn h umh vkjkchmekh pdrkõ`keh `d su dsth`n `d shcu`. Dm chs rdcheknmds `d trhlhgn h trhvës `d diprdshs `d trhlhgn tdipnrhc, ch diprdsh usuhrkh sdrè rdspnmshlcd `d chs enm`keknmds `d dgdeuekõm `dc trhlhgn dm tn`n cn rdcheknmh`n enm ch prntdeekõm `d ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. Enrrdspnm`drè, h`diès, h ch diprdsh usuhrkh dc euipckikdmtn `d chs nlckjheknmds dm ihtdrkh `d kmanrihekõm. Ch diprdsh `d trhlhgn tdipnrhc sdrè rdspnmshlcd `dc euipckikdmtn `d chs nlckjheknmds dm ihtdrkh `d anrihekõm y vkjkchmekh `d ch shcu`. H thc akm, ch diprdsh usuhrkh `dldrè kmanrihr h ch diprdsh `d trhlhgn tdipnrhc, y ësth h cns trhlhgh`nrds hadeth`ns, hmtds `d ch h`serkpekõm `d cns iksins, hedreh `d chs ehrhetdréstkehs prnpkhs `d cns pudstns `d trhlhgn h `dsdipdøhr y `d chs euhckakeheknmds rdqudrk`hs. e. Nlckjheknmds `d cns trhlhgh`nrds Enrrdspnm`d h eh`h trhlhgh`nr vdchr, sdj÷m sus pnsklkck`h`ds y id`khmtd dc euipckikdmtn `d chs id`k`hs `d Rrdvdmekõm qud dm eh`h ehsn sdhm h`npth`hs, pnr su prnpkh sdjurk`h` y shcu` dm dc trhlhgn y pnr ch `d hqudcchs ntrhs pdrsnmhs h chs qud pud`h hadethr su hetkvk`h` prnadsknmhc, h ehush `d sus hetns y niksknmds dm dc trhlhgn, `d enmanrik`h` enm su anrihekõm y chs kmstrueeknmds `dc diprdshrkn. Cns trhlhgh`nrds, enm hrrdjcn h su anrihekõm y skjukdm`n chs kmstrueeknmds `dc diprdshrkn, `dldrèm dm phrtkeuchr7
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Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
8.· Tshr h`deuh`hidmtd, `d heudr`n enm su mhturhcdzh y cns rkdsjns prdvksklcds, chs ièqukmhs, hphrhtns, fdrrhikdmths, susthmekhs pdckjrnshs, dqukpns `d trhmspnrtd y, dm jdmdrhc, euhcdsqukdrh ntrns id`kns enm cns qud `dshrrnccdm su hetkvk`h`. <.· Ttkckzhr enrrdethidmtd cns id`kns y dqukpns `d prntdeekõm ahekckth`ns pnr dc diprdshrkn, `d heudr`n enm chs kmstrueeknmds rdeklk`hs `d ëstd. 5.· Mn pnmdr audrh `d aumeknmhikdmtn y utkckzhr enrrdethidmtd cns `kspnsktkvns `kspnsktkvns `d sdjurk`h` dxkstdmtds n qud sd kmsthcdm dm cns id`kns rdcheknmh`ns enm su hetkvk`h` n dm cns cujhrds `d trhlhgn dm cns qud ësth tdmjh cujhr. 0.· Kmanrihr `d kmid`khtn h su supdrknr gdrèrquken `krdetn, y h cns trhlhgh`nrds `dskjmh`ns phrh rdhckzhr hetkvk`h`ds `d prntdeekõm y `d prdvdmekõm n, dm su ehsn, hc sdrvkekn `d prdvdmekõm, hedreh `d euhcqukdr sktuhekõm qud, h su gukekn, dmtrhød, pnr intkvns rhznmhlcds, um rkdsjn phrh ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. 4.· Enmtrklukr hc euipckikdmtn `d chs nlckjheknmds dsthlcdek`hs pnr ch hutnrk`h` enipdtdmtd enm dc akm `d prntdjdr ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds dm dc trhlhgn. 1·. Ennpdrhr enm dc diprdshrkn phrh qud ëstd pud`h jhrhmtkzhr umhs enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn qud sdhm sdjurhs y mn dmtrhødm rkdsjns phrh ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. Dc kmeuipckikdmtn pnr cns trhlhgh`nrds `d chs nlckjheknmds dm ihtdrkh `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns h qud sd rdakdrdm cns hphrth`ns hmtdrknrds tdm`rè ch enmsk`drhekõm `d kmeuipckikdmtn chlnrhc, n `d ahcth, dm su ehsn, enmanrid h cn dsthlcdek`n dm ch enrrdspnm`kdmtd mnrihtkvh snlrd rëjkidm `ksekpckmhrkn `d cns aumeknmhrkns p÷lckens n `dc pdrsnmhc dsthtuthrkn hc sdrvkekn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs.
A. Udrvkekns `d prdvdmekõm h. Rrntdeekõm y prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns prnadsknmhcds Dm euipckikdmtn `dc `dldr `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns prnadsknmhcds, dc diprdshrkn `dskjmhrè umn n vhrkns trhlhgh`nrds phrh neuphrsd `d `kefh hetkvk`h`, enmstktukrè um Udrvkekn `d Rrdvdmekõm n enmedrthrè `kefn sdrvkekn enm umh dmtk`h` dspdekhckzh`h hgdmh h ch diprdsh. Cns trhlhgh`nrds `dskjmh`ns `dldrèm tdmdr ch ehphek`h` mdedshrkh, `kspnmdr `dc tkdipn y `d cns id`kns prdeksns y sdr suakekdmtds dm m÷idrn, tdmkdm`n dm eudmth dc thihøn `d ch diprdsh, hsé enin cns rkdsjns h qud dstèm dxpudstns cns trhlhgh`nrds y su `kstrkluekõm dm ch iksih. Rhrh ch rdhckzhekõm `d ch hetkvk`h` `d prdvdmekõm, dc diprdshrkn `dldrè ahekckthr h cns trhlhgh`nrds `dskjmh`ns dc heedsn h ch kmanrihekõm y `neuidmthekõm. Cns trhlhgh`nrds `dskjmh`ns mn pn`rèm suarkr mkmj÷m pdrgukekn `drkvh`n `d sus hetkvk`h`ds `d prntdeekõm y prdvdmekõm `d cns rkdsjns prnadsknmhcds dm ch diprdsh. Dm dgdrekekn `d dsth aumekõm, `kefns trhlhgh`nrds jnzhrèm, dm phrtkeuchr, `d chs jhrhmtéhs qud phrh cns rdprdsdmthmtds `d cns trhlhgh`nrds dsthlcded dc tdxtn rdaum`k`n `d ch Cdy `dc Dsthtutn `d cns Prhlhgh`nrds. Cns trhlhgh`nrds h qud sd rdakdrdm cns pèrrhans hmtdrknrds `dldrèm juhr`hr skjkcn prnadsknmhc snlrd ch kmanrihekõm rdchtkvh h ch diprdsh h ch qud tuvkdrhm heedsn enin enmsdeudmekh `dc `dsdipdøn `d sus aumeknmds. Dm chs diprdshs `d fhsth `kdz trhlhgh`nrds, dc diprdshrkn pn`rè hsuikr pdrsnmhcidmtd chs aumeknmds sdøhch`hs dm dc prkidr pèrrhan `d dstd dpéjrhad, skdiprd qud `dshrrnccd `d anrih fhlktuhc su hetkvk`h` dm dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn y tdmjh ch ehphek`h` mdedshrkh, dm aumekõm `d cns rkdsjns h qud dstëm dxpudstns cns trhlhgh`nrds y ch pdckjrnsk`h` `d chs hetkvk`h`ds, enm dc hcehmed qud sd `dtdrikmd dm chs `kspnskeknmds h qud sd rdakdrd dc hrtéeucn 1.8.d) `d ch CR\C (In`hck`h`ds `d nrjhmkzhekõm, aumeknmhikdmtn y enmtrnc `d cns sdrvkekns `d prdvdmekõm, enmsk`drhm`n chs pdeuckhrk`h`ds `d chs pdqudøhs diprdshs enm d`ktnrkhc } edp
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Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
dc akm `d dvkthr d vkthr nlstèeucns kmmdedshrkns phrh su erdhekõm y `dshrrnccn, hsé enin ehphek`h`ds y hptktu`ds qud `dlhm rdumkr cns idmeknmh`ns sdrvkekns y cns trhlhgh`nrds `dskjmh`ns phrh `dshrrncchr ch heekõm prdvdmtkvh). Ch iksih pnsklkck`h` sd rdenmned hc diprdshrkn qud, euipckdm`n thcds rdquksktns, neupd fhsth <4 trhlhgh`nrds, skdiprd y euhm`n ch diprdsh `kspnmjh `d um ÷mken edmtrn `d trhlhgn. Dc diprdshrkn qud mn fulkdrd enmedrth`n dc Udrvkekn `d prdvdmekõm enm umh dmtk`h` dspdekhckzh`h hgdmh h ch diprdsh `dldrè snidtdr su skstdih `d prdvdmekõm hc enmtrnc `d umh hu`ktnréh n dvhcuhekõm dxtdrmh, dm cns tërikmns qud rdjchidmthrkhidmtd sd `dtdrikmdm. Chs pdrsnmhs n dmtk`h`ds dspdekhckzh`hs qud prdtdm`hm `dshrrncchr ch hetkvk`h` `d hu`ktnréh `dc skstdih `d prdvdmekõm fhlrèm `d enmthr enm umh ÷mkeh hutnrkzhekõm `d ch hutnrk`h` chlnrhc, qud tdm`rè vhck`dz dm tn`n dc tdrrktnrkn dsphønc. Dc vdmekikdmtn `dc pchzn ièxkin `dc prned`kikdmtn `d hutnrkzhekõm skm fhldrsd mntkakeh`n rdsncuekõm dxprdsh hc kmtdrdsh`n pdriktkrè dmtdm`dr `dsdstkih`h ch snckektu` pnr skcdmekn h`ikmkstrhtkvn, enm dc nlgdtn `d jhrhmtkzhr umh h`deuh`h prntdeekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. l. Udrvkekns `d prdvdmekõm Uk ch `dskjmhekõm `d umn n vhrkns trhlhgh`nrds audrh kmsuakekdmtd phrh ch rdhckzhekõm `d chs hetkvk`h`ds `d prdvdmekõm, dm aumekõm `dc thihøn `d ch diprdsh, `d cns rkdsjns h qud dstèm dxpudstns cns trhlh gh`nrds n `d ch pdckjrnsk`h` `d chs hetkvk`h`ds `dshrrncch`hs, dc diprdshrkn `dldrè rdeurrkr h umn n vhrkns sdrvkekns `d prdvdmekõm prnpkns n hgdmns h ch diprdsh, qud enchlnrhrèm euhm`n sdh mdedshrkn. Ud dmtdm`drè enin sdrvkekn `d prdvdmekõm dc enmgumtn `d id`kns fuihmns y ihtdrkhcds mdedshrkns phrh rdhckzhr chs hetkvk`h`ds prdvdmtkvhs h akm `d jhrhmtkzhr ch h`deuh`h prntdeekõm `d ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds, hsdsnrhm`n y hskstkdm`n phrh dccn hc diprdshrkn, h cns trhlhgh`nrds y h sus rdprdsdmthmtds y h cns õrjhmns `d rdprdsdmthekõm dspdekhckzh`ns. Rhrh dc dgdrekekn `d sus aumeknmds, dc diprdshrkn `dldrè ahekckthr h `kefn sdrvkekn dc heedsn h tn`h ch kmanrihekõm y `neuidmthekõm. Cns sdrvkekns `d prdvdmekõm `dldrèm dsthr dm enm`keknmds `d prnpnreknmhr h ch diprdsh dc hsdsnrhikdmtn y hpnyn qud prdeksd dm aumekõm `d cns tkpns `d rkdsjn dm dcch dxkstdmtds y dm cn rdadrdmtd h7 h) Dc `ksdøn, kipchmthekõm y hpckehekõm `d um pchm `d `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds qud pdrikth ch kmtdjrhekõm `d ch prdvdmekõm dm ch diprdsh. l) Ch dvhcuhekõm `d cns ahetnrds `d rkdsjn qud pud`hm hadethr h ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds dm cns tërikmns prdvkstns dm dc hrtéeucn 81 `d dsth Cdy. e) Ch pchmkakehekõm `d ch hetkvk`h` hetkvk`h` prdvdmtkvh y ch `dtdrikmhekõm `d `d chs prknrk`h`ds dm ch h`npekõm h`npekõm `d chs id`k`hs prdvdmtkvhs y ch vkjkchmekh `d su dakehekh. `) Ch kmanrihekõm y anrihekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds, trhlhgh`nrds, dm cns tërikmns prdvkstns dm cns hrtéeucns hrtéeucns 86 y 8; `d dsth Cdy. d) Ch prdsthekõm `d cns prkidrns prkidrns huxkckns y pchmds `d didrjdmekh. a) Ch vkjkchmekh `d ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds trhlhgh`nrds dm rdchekõm enm cns rkdsjns `drkvh`ns `dc trhlhgn. Uk ch diprdsh mn ccdvhrh h ehln chs hetkvk`h`ds prdvdmtkvhs enm rdeursns prnpkns, ch hsumekõm `d chs aumeknmds rdspdetn `d chs ihtdrkhs `dserkths dm dstd hphrth`n sõcn pn`rè fhedrsd pnr um sdrvkekn `d prdvdmekõm hgdmn. Cn hmtdrknr sd dmtdm`drè skm pdrgukekn `d euhcqukdrh ntrh htrkluekõm cdjhc n rdjchidmthrkh `d enipdtdmekh h ntrhs dmtk`h`ds u nrjhmksins rdspdetn `d chs ihtdrkhs km`keh`hs. Rhrh pn`dr hetuhr enin sdrvkekns `d prdvdmekõm, chs dmtk`h`ds dspdekhckzh`hs `dldrèm sdr nlgdtn `d umh herd`kthekõm pnr ch hutnrk`h` chlnrhc, qud sdrè ÷mkeh y enm vhck`dz dm tn`n dc tdrrktnrkn dsphønc, id`khmtd ch eniprnlhekõm `d qud rd÷mdm cns rdquksktns qud sd dsthlcdzehm rdjchidmthrkhidmtd y prdvkh hprnlhekõm `d ch hutnrk`h` shmkthrkh dm euhmtn h cns hspdetns `d ehrèetdr shmkthrkn. 182
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Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
Dmtrd dstns rdquksktns, chs dmtk`h`ds dspdekhckzh`hs `dldrèm suserklkr umh põckzh `d sdjurn qud eulrh su rdspnmshlkck`h` dm ch euhmtéh qud sd `dtdrikmd rdjchidmthrkhidmtd y skm qud hqudcch enmstktuyh dc céiktd `d ch rdspnmshlkck`h` `dc sdrvkekn. Dc vdmekikdmtn `dc pchzn ièxkin `dc prned`kikdmtn `d herd`kthekõm skm fhldrsd mntkakeh`n rdsncuekõm dxprdsh hc kmtdrdsh`n pdriktkrè dmtdm`dr `dsdstkih`h ch snckektu` pnr skcdmekn h`ikmkstrhtkvn, enm dc nlgdtn `d jhrhmtkzhr umh h`deuh`h prntdeekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds.
\deudr`d Dc sdrvkekn `d prdvdmekõm tdm`rè ehrèetdr kmtdr`ksekpckmhrkn, `dlkdm`n sus id`kns sdr hprnpkh`ns phrh euipckr sus aumeknmds.
e. Rrnfklkekõm `d phrtkekphekõm dm hetkvk`h`ds idrehmtkcds `d prdvdmekõm Chs Iutuhs Enchlnrh`nrhs enm ch Udjurk`h` Unekhc mn pn`rèm `dshrrncchr chs aumeknmds enrrdspnm`kdmtds h cns sdrvkekns `d prdvdmekõm hgdmns, mk phrtkekphr enm ehrjn h su phtrkinmkn fkstõrken dm dc ehpkthc snekhc `d umh snekd`h` idrehmtkc dm euyn nlgdtn akjurd ch hetkvk`h` `d prdvdmekõm. `. Rrdsdmekh `d cns rdeursns prdvdmtkvns Ch prdsdmekh dm dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn `d cns rdeursns prdvdmtkvns, euhcqukdrh qud sdh ch in`hck`h` `d nrjhmkzhekõm `d `kefns rdeursns, sdrè mdedshrkh dm cns skjukdmtds ehsns7 h) Euhm`n cns rkdsjns pud`hm vdrsd hjrhvh`ns n in`kakeh`ns in`kakeh`ns dm dc `dshrrnccn `dc prnedsn n ch hetkvk`h`, pnr ch enmeurrdmekh `d npdrheknmds `kvdrshs qud sd `dshrrncchm suedskvh n skiuctèmdhidmtd y qud fhjhm prdeksn dc enmtrnc `d ch enrrdeth hpckehekõm `d cns iëtn`ns `d trhlhgn. l) Euhm`n sd rdhckedm hetkvk`h`ds n prnedsns qud rdjchidmthrkhidmtd sdhm enmsk`drh`ns enin pdckjrnsns n enm rkdsjns dspdekhcds. e) Euhm`n ch mdedsk`h` `d `d `kefh prdsdmekh sdh rdqudrk`h pnr pnr ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc, sk chs ekreumsthmekhs `dc ehsn hsé cn dxkjkdrhm `dlk`n h chs enm`keknmds `d trhlhgn `dtdeth`hs. Ud enmsk`drhm rdeursns prdvdmtkvns, h cns qud dc diprdshrkn pn`rè hskjmhr ch prdsdmekh, cns skjukdmtds7 h) Tmn n vhrkns vhrkns trhlhgh`nrds `dskjmh`ns `d ch diprdsh. l) Tmn n vhrkns ikdilrns `dc sdrvkekn `d prdvdmekõm prnpkn `d ch diprdsh. e) Tmn n vhrkns ikdilrns ikdilrns `dc n cns sdrvkekns sdrvkekns `d prdvdmekõm hgdmns enmedrth`ns pnr ch diprdsh. Euhm`n ch prdsdmekh sdh rdhckzh`h pnr `kadrdmtds rdeursns prdvdmtkvns ëstns `dldrèm enchlnrhr dmtrd sé. Cns rdeursns prdvdmtkvns `dldrèm tdmdr ch ehphek`h` suakekdmtd, `kspnmdr `d cns id`kns mdedshrkns y sdr suakekdmtds dm m÷idrn d`ktnrkhc } edp
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Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
phrh vkjkchr dc euipckikdmtn `d chs hetkvk`h`ds prdvdmtkvhs, `dlkdm`n pdrihmdedr dm dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn `urhmtd dc tkdipn dm qud sd ihmtdmjh ch sktuhekõm qud `dtdrikmd su prdsdmekh. Mn nlsthmtd cn sdøhch`n dm cns pèrrhans hmtdrknrds, dc diprdshrkn pn`rè hskjmhr ch prdsdmekh `d anrih dxprdsh h umn n vhrkns trhlhgh`nrds `d ch diprdsh qud, skm anrihr phrtd `dc sdrvkekn `d prdvdmekõm prnpkn mk sdr trhlhgh`nrds `dskjmh`ns, rd÷mhm cns enmnekikdmtns, ch euhckakehekõm y ch dxpdrkdmekh mdedshrkns dm chs hetkvk`h`ds n prnedsns y eudmtdm enm ch anrihekõm prdvdmtkvh enrrdspnm`kdmtd, enin iémkin, h chs aumeknmds `dc mkvdc lèsken. Dm dstd supudstn, thcds trhlhgh`nrds `dldrèm ihmtdmdr ch mdedshrkh enchlnrhekõm enm cns rdeursns prdvdmtkvns `dc diprdshrkn.
J. Enmsucth y phrtkekphekõm phrtkekphekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds h. Enmsucth `d cns trhlhgh`nrds Dc diprdshrkn `dldrè enmsucthr h cns trhlhgh`nrds, enm ch `dlk`h hmtdchekõm, ch h`npekõm `d chs `deksknmds rdchtkvhs h7 h) Ch pchmkakehekõm y ch nrjhmkzhekõm `dc trhlhgn trhlhgn dm ch diprdsh y ch kmtrn`ueekõm `d mudvhs tdemncnjéhs, tdemncnjéhs, dm tn`n cn rdcheknmh`n enm chs enmsdeudmekhs qud ësths pu`kdrhm tdmdr phrh ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. l) Ch nrjhmkzhekõm y `dshrrnccn `d chs hetkvk`h`ds `d prntdeekõm `d ch shcu` y prdvdmekõm `d cns rkdsjns prnadsknmhcds dm ch diprdsh, kmecuk`h ch `dskjmhekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds dmehrjh`ns `d `kefhs hetkvk`h`ds n dc rdeursn h um sdrvkekn `d prdvdmekõm dxtdrmn. e) Ch `dskjmhekõm `d cns cns trhlhgh`nrds dmehrjh`ns `d chs id`k`hs `d `d didrjdmekh. `) Cns prned`kikdmtns `d `d kmanrihekõm y `neuidmthekõm. `neuidmthekõm. d) Dc prnydetn y ch nrjhmkzhekõm `d ch anrihekõm anrihekõm dm ihtdrkh prdvdmtkvh. a) Euhcqukdr ntrh heekõm qud pud`h tdmdr dadetns susthmekhcds snlrd ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds.
@d 42 h 822 trhlhgh`nrds.............. < @dcdjh`ns `d Rrdvdmekõm @d 828 h 422 trhlhgh`nrds............ 5 @dcdjh`ns `d Rrdvdmekõm @d 428 h 8.222 trhlhgh`nrds......... 0 @dcdjh`ns `d Rrdvdmekõm @d 8.228 h <.222 trhlhgh`nrds...... 4 @dcdjh`ns `d Rrdvdmekõm @d <.228 h 5.222 trhlhgh`nrds...... 1 @dcdjh`ns `d Rrdvdmekõm @d 5.228 h 0.222 trhlhgh`nrds...... : @dcdjh`ns `d Rrdvdmekõm @d 0.228 dm h`dchmtd ....................6 @dcdjh`ns `d Rrdvdmekõm Dm chs diprdshs qud eudmtdm enm rdprdsdmthmtds `d cns trhlhgh`nrds, chs enmsucths sd ccdvhrèm h ehln enm `kefns rdprdsdmthmtds. l. @drdefns `d phrtkekphekõm y rdprdsdmthekõm Cns trhlhgh`nrds tkdmdm `drdefn h phrtkekphr dm ch diprdsh dm chs eudstknmds rdcheknmh`hs enm ch prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns dm dc trhlhgn. Dm chs diprdshs n edmtrns `d trhlhgn qud eudmtdm enm sdks n iès trhlhgh`nrds, ch phrtkekphekõm `d ëstns sd ehmhckzhrè h trhvës `d sus rdprdsdmthmtds y `d ch rdprdsdmthekõm dspdekhckzh`h. 18<
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Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
e. @dcdjh`ns `d Rrdvdmekõm Unm cns rdprdsdmthmtds `d cns trhlhgh`nrds enm aumeknmds dspdeéakehs dm ihtdrkh `d Rrdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns dm dc trhlhgn. Udrèm `dskjmh`ns pnr y dmtrd cns rdprdsdmthmtds `dc pdrsnmhc. Cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rrdvdmekõm sdrèm `dskjmh`ns pnr y dmtrd cns rdprdsdmthmtds `dc pdrsnmhc, dm dc èilktn `d cns õrjhmns `d rdprdsdmthekõm prdvkstns dm chs mnrihs h qud sd rdakdrd dc hrtéeucn hmtdrknr, enm hrrdjcn h ch skjukdmtd dsehch7 Dm chs diprdshs `d fhsth trdkmth trhlhgh`nrds dc @dcdjh`n `d Rrdvdmekõm sdrè dc @dcdjh`n `d Rdrsnmhc. Dm chs diprdshs `d trdkmth y umn h euhrdmth y mudvd trhlhgh`nrds fhlrè um @dcdjh`n `d Rrdvdmekõm qud sdrè dcdjk`n pnr y dmtrd cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rdrsnmhc. Unm enipdtdmekhs `d cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rrdvdmekõm7 h) Enchlnrhr enm ch `krdeekõm `d ch diprdsh diprdsh dm ch idgnrh `d ch heekõm prdvdmtkvh. l) Rrninvdr y anidmthr ch ennpdrhekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrd trhlhgh`nrdss dm ch dgdeuekõm `d ch mnrihtkvh snlrd prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds. e) Udr enmsucth`ns pnr pnr dc diprdshrkn, enm ehrèetdr prdvkn h su dgdeuekõm, hedreh `d chs `deksknmds dm chs qud ch Cdy dxkjd ch prdvkh enmsucth. `) Dgdredr umh chlnr `d vkjkchmekh y enmtrnc snlrd dc euipckikdmtn `d ch mnrihtkvh `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds. `. Eniktë `d Udjurk`h` y Uhcu`
Ds dc õrjhmn phrkthrkn y encdjkh`n `d phrtkekphekõm `dstkmh`n h ch enmsucth rdjuchr y pdrkõ`keh `d chs hetuheknmds `d ch diprdsh dm ihtdrkh `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns. Ud enmstktukrè um Eniktë `d Udjurk`h` y Uhcu` dm tn`hs chs diprdshs n edmtrns `d trhlhgn qud eudmtdm enm 42 n iès trhlhgh`nrds. Dc Eniktë dsthrè anrih`n pnr cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rrdvdmekõm, `d umh phrtd, y pnr dc diprdshrkn y/n sus rdprdsdmthmtds dm m÷idrn kjuhc hc `d cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rrdvdmekõm, `d ch ntrh. Dm chs rdumknmds `dc Eniktë `d Udjurk`h` y Uhcu` phrtkekphrèm, enm vnz pdrn skm vntn, cns @dcdjh`ns Ukm`kehcds y cns rdspnmshlcds tëemkens `d ch Rrdvdmekõm dm ch diprdsh qud mn dstëm kmecuk`ns dm ch enipnskekõm h ch qud sd rdakdrd dc pèrrhan hmtdrknr. Dm chs iksihs enm`keknmds pn`rèm phrtkekphr trhlh gh`nrds `d ch diprdsh qud eudmtdm enm umh dspdekhc euhckakehekõm n kmanrihekõm kma nrihekõm rdspdetn `d enmerdths eudstknmds qud sd `dlhthm dm dstd õrjhmn y tëemkens dm prdvdmekõm hgdmns h ch diprdsh, skdiprd qud hsé cn snckektd hcjumh `d chs rdprdsdmtheknmds dm dc Eniktë. Dc Eniktë `d Udjurk`h` y Uhcu` sd rdumkrè trkidstrhcidmtd y skdiprd qud cn snckektd hcjumh `d chs rdprdsdmtheknmds dm dc iksin. Dc Eniktë h`npthrè sus prnpkhs mnrihs `d aumeknmhikdmtn. Chs diprdshs qud eudmtdm enm vhrkns edmtrns `d trhlhgn `nth`ns `d Eniktë `d Udjurk`h` y Uhcu` pn`rèm henr`hr enm sus trhlhgh`nrds ch erdhekõm `d um Eniktë Kmtdredmtrns, enm chs aumeknmds qud dc heudr`n cd htrkluyh. Dc Eniktë `d Udjurk`h` y Uhcu` tdm`rè chs skjukdmtds enipdtdmekhs7 h) Rhrtkekphr dm ch dchlnrhekõm, pudsth dm prèetkeh y dvhcuhekõm dvhcuhekõm `d cns pchmds y prnjrhihs prnjrhihs `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns `d ch diprdsh. H thc dadetn, dm su sdmn sd `dlhtkrèm, hmtds `d su pudsth dm prèetkeh y dm cn rdadrdmtd h su kmek`dmekh dm ch prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns, ch dcdeekõm `d ch in`hck`h` nrjhmkzhtkvh `d ch diprdsh y, dm su ehsn, ch jdstkõm rdhckzh`h pnr chs dmtk`h`ds dspdekhckzh`hs enm chs qud ch diprdsh fulkdrh enmedrth`n ch rdhckzhekõm `d hetkvk`h`ds prdvdmtkvhs? cns prnydetns dm ihtdrkh `d pchmkakehekõm, nrjhmkzhekõm `dc trhlhgn d kmtrn`ueekõm `d mudvhs tdemncnjéhs, nrjhmkzhekõm y `dshd`ktnrkhc } edp
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Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
rrnccn `d chs hetkvk`h`ds `d prntdeekõm y prdvdmekõm h qud sd rdakdrd dc hrtéeucn 81 `d dsth Cdy y prnydetn y nrjhmkzhekõm `d ch anrihekõm dm ihtdrkh prdvdmtkvh? l) Rrninvdr kmkekhtkvhs snlrd iëtn`ns y prned`kikdmtns phrh ch dadetkvh prdvdmekõm `d cns rkdsjns, prnpnmkdm`n h ch diprdsh ch idgnrh `d chs enm`keknmds n ch enrrdeekõm `d chs `dakekdmekhs dxkstdmtds.
Pnid mnth Chs nrjhmkzheknmds skm`kehcds y diprdshrkhcds iès rdprdsdmthtkvhs sdrèm enmsucth`hs enm ehrèetdr prdvkn h ch dchlnrhekõm `d cns pchmds `d hetuhekõm `d ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc dm ihtdrkh `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns dm dc trhlhgn, dm dspdekhc `d cns prnjrhihs dspdeéakens phrh diprdshs `d idmns `d sdks trhlhgh`nrds, d kmanrih`hs `dc rdsucth`n `d `kefns pchmds.
d. Enchlnrhekõm enm ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc Cns trhlhgh`nrds y sus rdprdsdmthmtds pn`rèm rdeurrkr h ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc sk enmsk`drhm qud chs id`k`hs h`npth`hs y cns id`kns utkckzh`ns pnr dc diprdshrkn mn snm suakekdmtds phrh jhrhmtkzhr ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` dm dc trhlhgn. Dm chs vkskths h cns edmtrns `d trhlhgn phrh ch eniprnlhekõm `dc euipckikdmtn `d ch mnrihtkvh snlrd prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds, dc Kmspdetnr `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc eniumkehrè su prdsdmekh hc diprdshrkn n h su rdprdsdmthmtd n h ch pdrsnmh kmspdeeknmh`h, hc Eniktë `d Udjurk`h` y Uhcu`, hc @dcdjh`n `d Rrdvdmekõm n, dm su husdmekh, h cns rdprdsdmthmtds cdjhcds `d cns trhlhgh`nrds, h akm `d qud pud`hm heniphøhrcd `urhmtd dc `dshrrnccn `d su vkskth y anriuchrcd chs nlsdrvheknmds qud dstkidm npnrtumhs, h idmns qud enmsk`drd qud `kefhs eniumkeheknmds pud`hm pdrgu`kehr dc ëxktn `d sus aumeknmds. Ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc kmanrihrè h cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rrdvdmekõm snlrd cns rdsucth`ns `d chs vkskths h qud fhed rdadrdmekh dc pèrrhan hmtdrknr y snlrd chs id`k`hs h`npth`hs enin enmsdeudmekh `d chs iksihs, hsé enin hc diprdshrkn id`khmtd `kckjdmekh dm dc Cklrn `d Qkskths `d ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc qud `dld dxkstkr dm eh`h edmtrn `d trhlhgn.
F. Nlckjheknmds `d cns ahlrkehmtds, kipnrth`nrds y suikmkstrh`nrds Cns ahlrkehmtds, kipnrth`nrds y suikmkstrh`nrds `d ihqukmhrkh, dqukpns, prn`uetns y ÷tkcds `d trhlhgn dstèm nlckjh`ns h hsdjurhr qud ëstns mn enmstktuyhm umh audmtd `d pdckjrn phrh dc trhlhgh`nr, skdiprd qud sdhm kmsthch`ns y utkckzh`ns dm chs enm`keknmds, anrih y phrh cns akmds rdenidm`h`ns pnr dccns. Cns ahlrkehmtds, kipnrth`nrds y suikmkstrh`nrds `d prn`uetns y susthmekhs quéikehs `d utkckzhekõm dm dc trhlhgn dstèm nlckjh`ns h dmvhshr y dtkqudthr cns iksins `d anrih qud sd pdrikth su enmsdrvhekõm y ihmkpuchekõm dm enm`keknmds `d sdjurk`h` y sd k`dmtkakqud echrhidmtd su enmtdmk`n y cns rkdsjns phrh ch sdjurk`h` n ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds qud su hcihedmhikdmtn n utkckzhekõm enipnrtdm. 180
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Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
Cns sugdtns idmeknmh`ns dm cns `ns pèrrhans hmtdrknrds `dldrèm suikmkstrhr ch kmanrihekõm qud km`kqud ch anrih enrrdeth `d utkckzhekõm pnr cns trhlhgh`nrds, chs id`k`hs prdvdmtkvhs h`keknmhcds qud `dlhm tnihrsd y cns rkdsjns chlnrhcds qud enmccdvdm thmtn su usn mnrihc, enin su ihmkpuchekõm n dipcdn kmh`deuh`n. Cns ahlrkehmtds, kipnrth`nrds y suikmkstrh`nrds `d dcdidmtns phrh ch prntdeekõm `d cns trhlhgh`nrds dstèm nlckjh`ns h hsdjurhr ch dadetkvk`h` `d cns iksins, skdiprd qud sdhm kmsthch`ns y ush`ns dm chs enm`keknmds y `d ch anrih rdenidm`h`h pnr dccns. H thc dadetn, `dldrèm suikmkstrhr ch kmanrihekõm qud km`kqud dc tkpn `d rkdsjn hc qud vhm `krkjk`ns, dc mkvdc `d prntdeekõm ardmtd hc iksin y ch anrih enrrdeth `d su usn y ihmtdmkikdmtn. Cns ahlrkehmtds, kipnrth`nrds y suikmkstrh`nrds `dldrèm prnpnreknmhr h cns diprdshrkns y ëstns rdeh lhr `d hquëccns, ch kmanrihekõm mdedshrkh phrh qud ch utkckzhekõm y ihmkpuchekõm `d ch ihqukmhrkh, dqukpns, prn`uetns, ihtdrkhs prkihs y ÷tkcds `d trhlhgn sd prn`uzeh skm rkdsjns phrh ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds, hsé enin phrh qud cns diprdshrkns pud`hm euipckr enm sus nlckjheknmds `d kmanrihekõm rdspdetn `d cns trhlhgh`nrds. Dc diprdshrkn `dldrè jhrhmtkzhr qud chs kmanriheknmds h qud sd rdakdrd dc pèrrhan hmtdrknr sdhm ahekckth`hs h cns trhlhgh`nrds dm tërikmns qud rdsuctdm eniprdmsklcds phrh cns iksins.
K. \dspnmshlkck`h`ds y shmeknmds h. \dspnmshlkck`h`ds y su eniphtklkck`h` Dc kmeuipckikdmtn pnr cns diprdshrkns `d sus nlckjheknmds dm ihtdrkh `d prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds `hrè cujhr h rdspnmshlkck`h`ds h`ikmkstrhtkvhs, hsé enin, dm su ehsn, h rdspnmshlkck`h`ds pdmhcds y h chs ekvkcds pnr cns `høns y pdrgukekns qud pud`hm `drkvhrsd `d `kefn kmeuipckikdmtn. Chs rdspnmshlkck`h`ds h`ikmkstrhtkvhs qud sd `drkvdm `dc prned`kikdmtn shmeknmh`nr sdrèm eniphtk lcds enm chs km`dimkzheknmds pnr cns `høns y pdrgukekns ehush`ns y `d rdehrjn `d prdstheknmds denmõikehs `dc skstdih `d ch Udjurk`h` Unekhc qud pud`hm sdr akgh`hs pnr dc õrjhmn enipdtdmtd `d enmanrik`h` enm cn prdvkstn dm ch mnrihtkvh rdjuch`nrh `d `kefn skstdih. l. \dqudrkikdmtns `d ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc Euhm`n dc Kmspdetnr `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc eniprnlhsd ch dxkstdmekh `d umh kmarheekõm h ch mnrihtkvh snlrd prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds, rdqudrkrè hc diprdshrkn phrh ch sulshmhekõm `d chs `dakekdmekhs nlsdrvh`hs, shcvn qud pnr ch jrhvd`h` d kmikmdmekh `d cns rkdsjns prned`kdsd henr`hr ch phrhckzhekõm. Pn`n dccn skm pdrgukekn `d ch prnpudsth `d shmekõm enrrdspnm`kdmtd, dm su ehsn. Dc rdqudrkikdmtn anriuch`n pnr dc Kmspdetnr `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc sd fhrè shldr pnr dserktn hc diprdshrkn prdsumthidmtd rdspnmshlcd sdøhchm`n chs hmnihcéhs n `dakekdmekhs hprdekh`hs enm km`kehekõm `dc pchzn phrh su sulshmhekõm. @kefn rdqudrkikdmtn sd pnm`rè, hskiksin, dm enmnekikdmtn `d cns @dcdjh`ns `d Rrdvdmekõm. Uk sd kmeuipckdrh dc rdqudrkikdmtn anriuch`n, pdrskstkdm`n cns fdefns kmarhetnrds, dc Kmspdetnr `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc, `d mn fhldrcn dadetuh`n kmkekhcidmtd, cdvhmthrè ch enrrdspnm`kdmtd heth `d kmarheekõm pnr thcds fdefns. Cns rdqudrkikdmtns dadetuh`ns pnr cns aumeknmhrkns p÷lckens, dm dgdrekekn `d sus aumeknmds `d hpnyn y enchlnrhekõm enm ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc, sd prhetkehrèm enm cns rdquksktns y dadetns dsthlcdek`ns hmtdrknridmtd, pu`kdm`n rdacdghrsd dm dc Cklrn `d Qkskths `d ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc, dm ch anrih qud sd `dtdrikmd rdjchidmthrkhidmtd.
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Nrjhmkzhekõm y Dstrueturh `dc Rn`dr Gu`kekhc. Pdih 81
e. Rhrhckzhekõm `d trhlhgns
Euhm`n dc Kmspdetnr `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc eniprudld qud ch kmnlsdrvhmekh `d ch mnrihtkvh snlrd prdvdmekõm `d rkdsjns chlnrhcds kipckeh, h su gukekn, um rkdsjn jrhvd d kmikmdmtd phrh ch sdjurk`h` y ch shcu` `d cns trhlhgh`nrds pn`rè nr`dmhr ch phrhckzhekõm kmid`khth `d thcds trhlhgns n thrdhs. @kefh id`k`h sdrè eniumkeh`h h ch diprdsh rdspnmshlcd, qud ch pnm`rè dm enmnekikdmtn kmid`khtn `d cns trhlhgh`nrds hadeth`ns, `dc Eniktë `d Udjurk`h` y Uhcu`, `dc @dcdjh`n `d Rrdvdmekõm n, dm su husdmekh, `d cns rdprdsdmthmtds `dc pdrsnmhc. Ch diprdsh rdspnmshlcd `hrè eudmth hc Kmspdetnr `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc `dc euipckikdmtn `d dsth mntkakehekõm. Dc Kmspdetnr `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc `hrè trhsch`n `d su `dekskõm `d anrih kmid`khth h ch hutnrk`h` chlnrhc. Ch diprdsh, skm pdrgukekn `dc euipckikdmtn kmid`khtn `d thc `dekskõm, pn`rè kipujmhrch hmtd ch hutnrk`h` chlnrhc dm dc pchzn `d trds `éhs fèlkcds, `dlkdm`n rdsncvdrsd thc kipujmhekõm dm dc pchzn ièxkin `d vdkmtkeuhtrn fnrhs. Phc rdsncuekõm sdrè dgdeutkvh, skm pdrgukekn `d cns rdeursns qud prned`hm. Ch phrhckzhekõm `d cns trhlhgns sd cdvhmthrè pnr ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc qud ch fulkdrh `derdth`n, n pnr dc diprdshrkn thm prnmtn enin sd sulshmdm chs ehushs qud ch intkvhrnm, `dlkdm`n, dm dstd ÷ctkin ehsn, eniumkehrcn kmid`khthidmtd h ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc. Cns supudstns `d phrhckzhekõm, hsé enin cns qud sd enmtdipcdm dm ch mnrihtkvh rdjuch`nrh `d chs hetkvk`h`ds `d trhlhgns dm ikmhs, ehmtdrhs y t÷mdcds qud dxkghm ch hpckehekõm `d tëemkeh ikmdrh, y chs qud kipckqudm7 ahlrkehekõm, trhmspnrtd, hcihedmhikdmtn, ihmkpuchekõm y utkckzhekõm `d dxpcnskvns n dc dipcdn `d dmdrjéh muecdhr? sd dmtdm`drèm, dm tn`n ehsn, skm pdrgukekn `dc phjn `dc shchrkn n `d chs km`dimkzheknmds qud prned`hm y `d chs id`k`hs qud pud`hm hrlktrhrsd phrh su jhrhmtéh. `. Kmarheeknmds h`ikmkstrhtkvhs Dm dc èilktn `d chs rdcheknmds `dc pdrsnmhc ekvkc hc sdrvkekn `d chs H`ikmkstrheknmds p÷lckehs, chs kmarhekma rheeknmds sdrèm nlgdtn `d rdspnmshlkck`h`ds h trhvës `d ch kipnskekõm, pnr rdsncuekõm `d ch hutnrk`h` enipdtdmtd, `d ch rdhckzhekõm `d chs id`k`hs enrrdetnrhs `d cns enrrdspnm`kdmtds kmeuipckikdmtns, enmanrid hc prned`kikdmtn qud hc dadetn sd dsthlcdzeh. Dm dc èilktn `d ch H`ikmkstrhekõm Jdmdrhc `dc Dsth`n, enrrdspnm`drè hc Jnlkdrmn ch rdjuchekõm `d `kefn prned`kikdmtn, qud sd hgusthrè h cns skjukdmtds prkmekpkns7 h) Dc prned`kikdmtn sd kmkekhrè pnr dc õrjhmn enipdtdmtd `d ch Kmspdeekõm `d Prhlhgn Prhlhgn y Udjurk`h` Unekhc pnr nr`dm supdrknr, lkdm pnr prnpkh kmkekhtkvh n h pdtkekõm `d cns rdprdsdmthmtds `dc pdrsnmhc. l) Prhs su hetuhekõm, ch Kmspdeekõm dadetuhrè um rdqudrkikdmtn snlrd chs id`k`hs h h`npthr y pchzn `d dgdeuekõm `d chs iksihs, `dc qud sd `hrè trhsch`n h ch umk`h` h`ikmkstrhtkvh kmspdeeknmh`h h dadetns `d anriuchr hcdjheknmds. e) Dm ehsn `d `kserdphmekh `kserdphmekh dmtrd cns Ikmkstrns enipdtdmtds enin enmsdeudmekh `d ch hpckehekõm hpckehekõm `d dstd prned`kikdmtn, sd dcdvhrèm chs hetuheknmds hc Enmsdgn `d Ikmkstrns phrh su `dekskõm akmhc. d. Uuspdmskõm n ekdrrd `dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn Dc Jnlkdrmn n, dm su ehsn, cns õrjhmns `d jnlkdrmn `d chs Eniumk`h`ds Hutõmnihs enm enipdtdmekhs dm ch ihtdrkh, euhm`n enmeurrhm ekreumsthmekhs `d dxedpeknmhc jrhvd`h` j rhvd`h` dm chs kmarheeknmds dm ihtdrkh `d sdjurk`h` y shcu` dm dc trhlhgn, pn`rèm henr`hr ch suspdmskõm `d chs hetkvk`h`ds chlnrhcds pnr um tkdipn `dtdrikmh`n n, dm ehsn dxtrdin, dc ekdrrd `dc edmtrn `d trhlhgn enrrdspnm`kdmtd, skm pdrgukekn, dm tn`n ehsn, `dc phjn `dc shchrkn n `d chs km`dimkzheknmds qud prned`hm y `d chs id`k`hs qud pud`hm hrlktrhrsd phrh su jhrhmtéh.
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Ckldrth` Ukm`kehc
a. Ckiktheknmds h ch aheucth` `d enmtrhthr enmtrhthr enm ch H`ikmkstrhekõm H`ikmkstrhekõm Chs ckiktheknmds h ch aheucth` `d enmtrhthr enm ch H`ikmkstrhekõm pnr ch enikskõm `d `dcktns n pnr kmarheeknmds h`ikmkstrhtkvhs iuy jrhvds dm ihtdrkh `d sdjurk`h` y shcu` dm dc trhlhgn, sd rdjkrèm pnr cn dsthlcdek`n dm dc \dhc @derdtn Cdjkschtkvn 5/<288, `d 80 `d mnvkdilrd, pnr dc qud sd hprudlh dc tdxtn rdaum`k`n `d ch Cdy `d Enmtrhtns `dc Udetnr R÷lcken.
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