[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
INDICE 1) EXCA EXCAV VADORA DORA HIDR HIDRÁU ÁULI LICA CA......................................................................3 1.1)) 1.1
COMPON COMPONENT ENTES ES DE DE UNA UNA EXACA EXACAV VADORA HIDRAUL HIDRAULICA ICA........................3
1. 1.2) 2)
BAST BASTIDO IDOR R DE LA SÚPE SÚPERR-ES ESTR TRUCT UCTURA URA.............................................4
1.3)
MOTOR DIESEL..................................................................................5
1. 1.4) 4)
SISTE ISTEMA MA HIDR HIDRÁ ÁULIC ULICO O..................... ................................ ...................... ..................... ............................. ................... 6
1. 1.5) 5)
SISTE ISTEMA MA ELECT LECTRÓ RÓNI NICO CO.................... ............................... ..................... ..................... ............................9 .................9
1.6)
CORONA DE IRO............................................................................10
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SIST SISTEM EMA A DE DES DESPLA PLA"A "AMI MIEN ENTO TO - TRE TREN N DE RODA RODA#E #E.........................11
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E%UIPO IPO DE DE TRA TRAB BA#O..................... ................................ ..................... ..................... .............................12 ..................12
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LA EXCA EXCAV VADORA DORA HID HIDRÁU RÁULIC LICA' A' CAB CABINA INA...........................................13
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PALAN LANCA DE SEURIDA IDAD.............................................................14
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CONT CONTRO ROL L DEL DEL R RIMEN IMEN DEL DEL MOT MOTOR OR...........................................14
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CONT CONTRO ROL L AUTOM UTOMÁT ÁTIC ICO O DEL DEL RELE RELENT NT**..........................................15
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CONTROLES DE TRASLACIÓN..................... ................................ ..................... .......................15 .............15
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MAND MA NDOS OS DEL DEL E%U E%UIP IPO O DE DE LA LA RET RETRO.............................................16
1.15 15))
CONTROL ELECTRÓNICO ICO..................... ................................ ..................... .............................. .................... 17
2) LA EXCA EXCAV VADORA HIDRÁ HIDRÁULI ULICA' CA' TCNICA TCNICAS S OPERAT OPERATIVAS IVAS.........................17 2.1)
OBJETIVOS.................... ............................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .........................17 ..............17
2. 2.2) 2)
TRABA TRABA#O #OS S CON CON LAS LAS EXCA EXCAV VADORAS DORAS...............................................18
2.3) 2.3)
CICLO CICLO DE TRABA TRABAJO JO DE LA EXCA EXCAVADORA ADORA..........................................19
2.4) 2.4)
ESTA ESTABIL BILIDA IDAD D DE LOS LOS TALU TALUDES DES Y BORDES BORDES DE DE LA ZANJA. ZANJA...................19
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CARGA SOB SOBRE CAMIÓ AMIÓN N....................................................................20
2.6) 2.6)
RIESGO RIESGO DE DE GOLPES GOLPES SOBRE SOBRE LA LA CABINA CABINA DEL DEL VOL VOLUE UETE. TE...................21
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POSICI POSICIÓN ÓN DE LA EXC EXCAV AVA ADORA DORA RESPE RESPECT CTO O DEL ACOPI ACOPIO. O...................21
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L#M L#MITE ITE DE DE EXC EXCA AVACIÓN CIÓN...................... ............................... ..................... .................................... .......................... 22
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SITUACIÓN SITUACIÓN DE TUBER#AS TUBER#AS O POSIBL POSIBLES ES CONDUCC CONDUCCIONES IONES ENTERRA ENTERRADAS. DAS. 23
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TRAB TRABAJ AJOS OS CON CON EL EL MAR MARTI TILL LLO O &IDR &IDR'U 'ULI LICO CO...................................24
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[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
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[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
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[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
S -( ( ,- *(?(,- ,/0,/ 7(0 (0 0 (9=(0; / /( / &; /0 ,/* 0 /09/*- : 0 7(=-; ( 7( -( / X; 0 (*-; 0 *-9- : @- 7- 9(9- 0 /09(?7/. L-0 0 -,/-0 0- / X -,*(,/ /0 ,0/- 9//,- /9/ 7-0 ,-0 (9/-/0 @(( / @/9( 0 9(0@-9/ / =,-7(0 - *(-/0. P(( 7-0 -,/7-0 0@/-/0 ( 7(0 3% 9-/7(,(0; 0/ +( *-@-(,- 7( -@* -@* ,/ 9/ 9//0 /0 ,/ -,( -,(/ / / / 0/ @/,/ @/,/ /0( /0(* *( ( , ,7 7* *( (/ /9/ 9/;; : / / 0- 0- : (*-0/(?7/0 / M(0 ,/,*(,(0 ( 9(?(-0 ,/ ,/-7*.
1.2)BASTIDOR 1.2) BASTIDOR DE LA SÚPER-ESTRUCTURA SÚPER-ESTRUCTURA
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4
[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
1.3)MOTOR DIESEL E7 M-9- ,/0/7; / 7(0 E*(+(,-(0 &,7*(0 9// ( -( ,/ 9(?(- / /0 ,//9/ ( 7( ,/ -9-0 9@-0 ,/ (0. E //*9-; *(,- 0/ 9(9( ,/ @(7(0; 9(*9-/0; ,@/0; /9*.; /7 -9- ,/?/ ((09( 9-,-0 7-0 *-@-/9/0 / -( /7 9/ ,/ @-9/*(; @/- / 7(0 E*(+(,-(0 - /0 (0<. L( *( 0 ,/7 -9- ,/0/7 /0 ,( -+/9- (7 =@- ,/ ?-?(0 ,7*(0 /; / /- / +(<( 0/= /7 9((- : /7 (?*(9/; @-@-*-( /7 *(,(7 ,/ (*/9/ /*/0(@(( 9-,-0 7-0 -+/9-0 ,/ 7( M(; *7,- 0 ,/0@7(8(/9-.
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[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ] •
05/07/2013
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[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
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[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
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[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
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1.5)SISTEMA 1.5) SISTEMA ELECTRÓNICO ELECTRÓNICO E7 S09/( E7/*9*- /0 /7 / @/9/ *-0/= +(-0 -?/9+-0 9(7/0 *--H •
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[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
E7 S09/( E7/*9*- /0 /7 / @/9/ *-0/= +(-0 -?/9+-0 9(7/0 *--H C-?( (,/*(,(/9/ /7 >=/ ,/7 -9- *- 7(0 @/0-/0 : 7-0 *(,(7/0 / /*/09( /7 009/( ,7*-. A09( 7( :/** ,/7 *-?09?7/ ( 7(0 /*/0,(,/0 ,/ @-9/*(. S/7/**-( /9/ ,//9/0 -,-0 ,/ 9(?(-; ,(,- @-,(, ( -+/9- 0-?/ -9-. •
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1.6)CORONA DE IRO L( C--( ,/ G- /0 - ,/ 7-0 @9-0 ,/ 7( E*(+(,-( / /09 0-/9,- ( (:-/0 /0/8-0. S 9/- /09 /*- : / >7 0/ 9-,*/ =(0( @(( 0 7?*(*. P- -9( @(9/; /7 -,(/9- 0-?/ /7 / 0/ @-,*/ /7 =-; /0 @9- *7(+/ @(( *-0/= / /09/ *-9- 0/ (9/=( / @//*9- /09(,- ( 7- 7(=- ,/ *(0 -(0 ,/ 9(?(-. P(( (9// / @//*9(0 *-,*-/0 /7 -,(/9- ,/ 7( *--( /0 /*/0(- *,( / 7/ (79/ =(0(F @- /77- 0 /=(0/ /=(0/ 0/ /(78( /(78( *(,( 0/((; 0/((; - / 9/@- /- 0 0/ 9(?(( / *-,*-/0 0/+/(0; *-- (?,(*( ,/ @-7+-; /,(, /9*. A?(0 O@/(*-/0; ,/ /=(0/ ,/ 7( *--( : ,/7 -,(/9-; 0/ /(78( ,/0,/ /7 @/ ,/ 7( @7( : ,/0,/ /7 9/- ,/ 7( *(?( /0@/*9+(/9/.
1.!)SISTEMA 1.!) SISTEMA DE DESPLA"AMIENTO DESPLA"AMIENTO - TREN DE RODA#E L-0 R-,(/0 ,/ 7(0 E*(+(,-(0 0- 7-0 /*(=(,-0 ,/ ,/0@7(8( 7( ( ,/ @9- ( -9- / 0 8-( ,/ 9(?(-. A/ 0- ,/ 9@- 9(*9-; 0 ,0/- /0 ,//9/. D/ /9(,(; 7( 10
[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
/*(+(,-( 0/ /+/ ( +/7-*,(,/0 / - 0@/( 7-0 3 - 4 .; @(( /+9( / 7-0 @(*9-0 7/0 0@-=( ,/0=(09/ /*/0+-. E 0 @(9/ @-09/- 0/ 09( 7-0 (,-0 (7/0; / /*?/ /7 -+/9- ,/0,/ 7-0 -9-/0 ,/ 9(**; 7-0 *(7/0 0/ (**-( @- (*/9/. E09/ **9- /0 /7 / 0/7/ 9(?(( ( ( @/0 0 /7/+(,(; @- 7- /; ,/0@>0 ,/ +(/ ,/ ( */9( ,(*; /7 (*/9/ ( (7*(8(,- 9(7 9/@/(9( / - 9// ( +0*-0,(, 0*/9/ @(( /(78( ( /*(+(*; : /0 /*/0(- ,/(7/ / 0/ /
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[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
1.$)E%UIPO DE TRABA#O E 7(0 /9-/*(+(,-(0 /7 E@- ,/ T(?(- 0/ *-@-/ ,/ P7(; B(7(*< - B(8- : C*(. C*(. L( P7( 9// 7/*( 7/*( / 7( P-,,(, P-,,(, ,/ E*(+(* E*(+(* : / /7 (7*(*/ @(( ,/@-09( 7( *(=(. L- (?9(7 / *(9/(0 *(9/(0 0- 7(0 P7(0 , / ( @/8(; - --?7-/0 / 0- 0 7=/(0 : /009/9/0 / 7(0 ,/ ,-0 @/8(0.
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[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
1.&)LA 1.&) LA EXCAVAD EXCAVADORA ORA HIDRÁULICA' CABINA L( *(?( ,/ 7(0 /*(+(,-(0 /09 09(,( / /7 /9/-0 8/,- ,/ 7( 0@//09*9(; / 7( @-0* 0 (+(8(,( @-0?7/; *- /7 ,/ *-0/= / /7 -@/(,- 9/=( ( ?/( +0?7,(,F - (: / -7+,( / ( /*(+(,-( *- /@- ,/ /9-/*(+(* ,/ (0 3% 9-/7(,(0 ,/ @/0-; *(,- 0/ // 9(?(( *- /77( / (@/9( ,/ 8((0; @/,/ (7*(8( @-,,(,/0 ,/ /*(+(* ,/ -0 DOCE /9-0 @- 7- /; @(( ,-( 7( @(9/ 0 @-,( ,/ 7( 8((; /0 /*/0(- / /7 -@/(,- 9(?(/ 0 -?09*7-0 / 7/ @,( /09-?/ 7( +0. C(,- 7( /*(+(,-( 0/ 978( / 9(?(-0 9(?(-0 ,/ ,/-7*; ,/-7*; @/,/ -+/ @7//9-0 @7//9-0 ( (0 (79(0 (79(0 /; / 7( =(( ,/ /*(+(,-(0 /*(+(,-(0 ,/ 7( / /09(-0 (?7(,-; (?7(,-; @/,/ (7*(8( 7-0 35 /9-0F / /09(0 *-,*-/0; 0/ 978( ,0@-09+-0 /0@/*(7/0 9(7/0 *-- 7( *7(* (*( (90 ,/ 9-,- /7 (0/9- ,/7 -@/(,-; @(( (*79(7/ 0 +0?7,(,. L( @/9( ,/ 7( *(?( 0/ (?/ 9-9(7/9/ : 0/ @7/=( 0-?/ /7 7(9/(7 ,/ 7( /09*9( 0@/-F @(( (:- 0/=,(,; 009/( ,/ ?7-/- 7( ( / 0 @-0* @(( /+9( / 0/ @-,8*( -+/9-0 - ,/0/(,-0 / @/,( @-,* ,(-0 (7 -@/(,-. A/ 7(*-0/(?7/ /0 9(?(( *- 7( @/9( */(,(; 0/ 7/ ,( (7 -@/(,- 7( @-0?7,(, ,/ /0*-=/ 7( -( ,/ +/97(* / 7/ 0/( 0 (=(,(?7/. L-0 *09(7/0 ,/7(9/-0 @/,/ (?0/ ?/ @- 0/**-/0 - @- *-@7/9-; / *70-; /*-=/0/ : (0/ *- 9/9/ (7 9/*- ,/ 7( *(?(. E7 (0/9- ,/7 -@/(,- 0/ 09( / (0 ,/07 ,/078 8(, (,/ /(0 (0 / / @/9 @/9/ / 0 -+ -+ / /99- (* (*( ( (90 (90 : (*( (*( ,/7( ,/7(9 9/. /. A,/0 ,/0;; *-*-*(7/( ,/ 7-0 (0/9-0 ,/ 7(0 -,/(0 E*(+(,-(0; @/9/ /7 (09/ / (79(; / @/0-; / (-9=(*; /9*.
1.1()
PALANCA DE SEURIDAD
A7 0/ 9-,-0 7-0 -+/9-0 ,/ 7( /*(+(,-( (**-(,-0 ,7*(/9/; @(( /+9( / (7 0? - (7 ?(( ,/ 7( ( *- /7 -9- *-(,- 0/ @,/( @-,* (7=- / /9((( @/7=-; 9-,(0 7(0 (0 +( ,-9(,(0 ,/ (,- / ?7-/( 9-,-0 7-0 -+/9-0 ,/7 /@- ,/ 9(?(-; :; / 7( (:-<( ,/ 7-0 *(0-0; 9(?> 7( 9(07(*.
13
[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
1.11)
05/07/2013
CONTROL DEL RIMEN DEL MOTOR
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
1.12)
CONTROL AUTOMÁTICO DE DEL RELENT*
E */9(0 (@7*(*-/0 9(7/0 *-- *(=( 0-?/ *(; /0 -(7 / 0/ @-,8*( /0@/(0 /9/ 7( 0(7,( ,/ - : 7( 77/=(,( ,/ -9-F /0 9/@- / /7 /; 0 /7 -@/(,- - -,*( 7( @-0 @-0* * ,/7 *0 *0- - / /7 ,(7 ,(7;; 0/ (9/ (9/, ,< <( ( 7(0 7(0 +/7 +/79( 9(00 ,/7 -9-9- *- *- *-0 *-0 /*/0(-; /7/+(,- +/7 ,/ ,-0; /9*. P- /09/ -9+-; 0/ 0/7/ ,-9( ( 7(0 /*(+(,-(0 ,/ ,//9/0 009/(0 / /,*/ 7(0 +/79(0 ,/7 -9-; / (:- - /- /,,( *(,- 0/ ,/9/*9( ( *(<,( ,/ @/0 / 7-0 **9-0 ,7*-0 ,/ 7( (. L-0 0 (?9(7/0 0- (/77-0 / 0/ ,0@-/ ,/ @70(,- @70(,- 0-?/ - ,/ 7-0 09*Q0; 09*Q0; /; (7 @70(7-; (*/ / /7 -9- +(:( (7 /7/9; /7/9; ?(09(,/ /7 -@/(,- (**-/ : /+( - ,/ 7-0 *-9-7/0 ,/7 /@- @(( / /7 -9- /9-/ ( 7(0 /+-7*-/0 @/(,(0.
1.13)
CONTROLES DE TRASLACIÓN
L-0 -+/9-0 ,/ 7(0 /*(+(,-(0 0/ *-9-7( @- @(7(*(0 : @/,(7/0F / @*@-; /7 -@/(,- - 9// / 978(7(0 /9(0 / - /*/09/ +(( 0 @-0* ,/ @9- ( -9-. 14
[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
C(,- - 0/ (**-( =( @(7(*( = @/,(7; 7( ( @/(/*/ ?7-/(,( @- 7-0 /-0 ,/ 7(0 *(,/(0; @/-; / *(9- /7 -@/(,- (**-( *(7/( ,/ /77-0; /7 @/ (*/9/ / 0/ @-/ / **7(* +( ( 7-0 /-0; *-@/ 7-0 /77/0 : 0/79( 7(0 *(,/(0F (7 0/ (0 ,/ 9(00 ,-099*(; 7( +/7-*,(, ,/ ,/0@7(8(/9- ,/@/,/ - 07- ,/7 >=/ ,/7 -9- 0- 9(?> ,/7 =(,- / / 0/ (**-/ (7 (,-. P- /=7( =//(7; 0/7/ 77/+( ,-0 @(7(*(0 : ,-0 @/,(7/0; (/ /09/ (*(0 / 978( 0-7(/9/ ( ,/ (?(0 *-0(0 @(( ,= 7( (F *(,( @(7(*( - @/,(7 =-?/( ( *(,/(; ,/ -( /; *(,- 0/ // / 7</( /*9(; 0/ ( ,/ (**-( (?-0 (,-0 ( 7( +/8; 0 0/ /@( 7( ( +( (*( ,/7(9/; /9/,/,- /09/ 0/9,- ,/ (*( *-- 7( ,/** *-9(( 7( @9- / / 0/ /*/9( 7(0 /,(0 -9*/0 ,/ 7-0 -,(/0.
S 0/ (**-( - ,/ /09-0 (,-0; /7 (*/9/ (*9( 0-7(/9/ 0-?/ ( *(,/( : 0/ @-,*/ /7 =- (*( /7 7(,- / 0/ /(; : 0/ 9(9- 0 @,- : */(,- *(9- 0 0/ ,/0@7(*/ 7( @(7(*( ,/ 0 @-0* ,/ /@-0-. C(,- ( @(7(*( 0/ /@( : 7( -9( 0/ 09( / 7( ,/** *-9((; 0/ @-,*/ 7( *-9(-9(* ,/ 7(0 *(,/(0 : /7 =- /0 0-?/ /7 */9- ,/ 7( (. E -*(0-/0 @/,/ (?/ (7=( *-?(* 9(7 *-- /7 @/,(7 ,/ 9(07(* /; @0(,- / 7( @(9/ ,/7(9/( @-,*/ /7 (+(*/ ,/ 7( ( / 7</( /*9( : @0(,- / 0 @(9/ @-09/-; 7( ( /9-*/,/. E0 ( -( 0 *-,( ,/ *-,* 7( /*(+(,-(. O9(0 +/*/0 (: (**/0--0; *-- /7 (977-; / 0/ *-9-7( / 0 @/*0 @- /,- ,/ @/,(7.
1.14)
MANDOS DEL E%UIPO DE LA RETRO
A (?-0 7(,-0 ,/ 7-0 /@-0(?(8-0; (: 09*Q / *-9-7( (7 0- 9/@- ,-0 -+/9-0 ,/7 /@- ,/ 9(?(-. E 9-9(7 (: *(9- -+/9-0H • • • •
S?,( : ?((, ,/ 7( @7(. A@/9( : *// ,/7 ?(7(*<. A@/9( : C// ,/7 **(. G- ,/ 7( S@//09*9(.
15
[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
L( *-?(* *-?(* ,/ -+/9-0 -+/9-0 @/,/ ,/ ,/ ,/ ( ( -9( (*(; @/- / 9-,- *(0-; (?-0 09*Q0 0/7/ 9// -+/9- / *8 @(( 079(/( ,-0 (**-/0 ( 7( +/8. E0 -(7 -(7 /; /; 0-?/ 0-?/ 7( /@(, /@(,(; (; (:( (:( - @70(,@70(,-/0 /0 / *-9*-9-7/ 7/ ,/9/ ,/9/(, (,-0 -0 -+/9-0 *-- =- ,/7 /@-; (**-(/9- ,/7 (*-@7/ @,-; ?-*(; ?((,( ,/ >=/ ,/7 -9-; /9*.
A 8/,( : ,//*( ,/7 (0/9- ,/7 -@/(,-; 0/7/ (?/ ( 0// ,/ 9/@9-/0 ,//9/0 @(( *(,( (*( / *-9-7( (7=(0 *-/0 /0@/*(7/0 9(7/0 *-- /7 *-9-7 - ,/7 =-; ,/9/(,-0 -+/9-0 / - 0- (?9(7/0; (0< *-- 7-0 9/@9-/0 ,/ 7*/0; *(7/(** : (/ (*-,*-(,-; /9*. C(,( (*( /09(?7/*/ /09-0 *-9-7/0 / * ,/ 7-0 /@(/9-0 ,/ 00 (0F ,/ 7( 0( -(; @/,/ (?/ +((*-/0 / 7( 09(* ,/ */9-0 *-9-7/0 9(7/0 *-- /7 ,(7 ,/7 (*/7/(,-; 7(0 77(+/0 ,/ *-9(*9-; /9*.
1.15)
CONTROL ELECTRÓNICO
(7/9/; (7/9/; 09(,- / /7 -9(7 -9(7 ,/7 7(,- ,//*- ,/ 7( *(?(; *(?(; -0 /*-9(-0 /*-9(-0 *- /7 @(/7 ,/ *-9-7 ,/7 S09/( /7/*9*-; /; *-- <-; *7:/ /7 009/( ,/ A+0-0 : A7((0; (0< *-*-- 7-0 ,// ,//9/0 9/0 @70(, @70(,-/0 -/0 / @/9 @/9/ / (7 -@/(, -@/(,- - 978 978( ( (,/*( (,/*(,(/ ,(/9/ 9/ 7(0 @-,(,/0 / 0/ /( ,( ( ,/9/(,-0 -+/9-0 / * ,/ 7(0 *((*9/<09*(0 ,/7 9(?(- / 0/ +(:( ( /(78(.
16
[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
2) LA EXCAVA EXCAVADORA DORA HIDRÁUL HIDRÁULICA' ICA' TCNICAS TCNICAS OPERATIV OPERATIVA AS 2.1)OBJETIVOS L(0 E*(+(,-(0 &,7*(0; / 0 +/0 ,/ R/9-/*(+(*; ( (7*(8(,- ( /-/ ,0 / 7-0 79-0 3% (-0; @(0(,- ,/ 0/ ( ( /(/9/ @(( (? 8((0 ( 0/ *-0,/(,( *-0,/(,( *-- - ,/ 7-0 S09/( S09/( ,/ C(=( 0 (+-(?7/0; (+-(?7/0; 0-?/ 9-,- 0 0/ 9// / */ */9( 9( / / @/, @/,/ / /(7 /(78 8( ( /7 A( ( / / ,/7 ,/7 M(9/ M(9/ (7 (7 *- *- /7 0 0- / /@@- *- *- / / /,(9(/9/ ,/0@>0 7- +( ( *(=( 0-?/ /7 *(. L( M(; *- ,//9/0 009/(0 0/= 7-0 (?*(9/0; 0/@/ ,0@-/ ,/ /7//9/ ?7-/ ?7-/( ( 9-,-0 9-,-0 7-0 -+/9-+/9-00 ,/7 S09/ S09/( ( &,7 &,7**- @(( /; /; (7 ((*( ((*(;; - 0/ @-,8*( -+/9- @/0(,- / @/,( @-,* (**,/9/. E0 ,0@-09+- ,/ S/=,(, -?7=(9-- @(( 7(0 M(0 *- (*(,- CE; (/ (: (?*(9/0 / 7-0 / 7( 9(00 - 0/ ?7-/( *- /09( @(7(*(. L-0 9(?(-0 0 (?9(7/0 / 0/ /(78( *- 7( R/9-/*(+(,-( 0-H A@/9( ,/ Z((0. C(=( 0-?/ C( - V-7/9/ M/-.
A,/0; (@-+/*(,- 0 *(@(*,(, ,/ /7/+(*; @/,/ 0/ 978(,( *-- G( @(( /7 9/,,- ,/ 9?/<(0; : @(( 9(?(-0 ,/ (=/9(* @/+( ,/ ?7-/0 ( @> ,/ *(9/( 978(,- (**/0--0 9(7/0 *-- /7 (977- ,7*-.
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
17
[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
P(( /(78( 0 9(?(-; 7-0 (?*(9/0 -/*/ ( (@7( =(( ,/ /@-0; ,/0,/ ,//9/0 @7(0 ( 9/0 - *(9- ?(7(*/0 ,//9/0 : ( ( =( +(/,(, ,/ **(-/0. C(,- 7( E*(+(,-( 0/ +( ( ,/,*( ( C(=( ,/ M(9/(7 : - ( 7( /*(+(* ,/ 8((0; 0/ ,0@-/ ,/ /@- /0@/*(7 / /7 / 0/ 0(**( / @(9/ /7 (7*(*/ : 7( @-,,(, ,/ /*(+(* @(( 978( **( ,/ (:- *(@(*,(, / @/9/ /-( 7(0 @-,**-/0. 2.3)CICLO 2.3) CICLO DE TRABAJO DE LA EXCAVADORA EXCAVADORA E7 C*7- ,/ 7( E*(+(,-( 0/ *-@-/ ,/ *(9- @(9/0 - (0/0H • • • •
L7/(,- ,/7 C*(. G- *- /7 C*( C(=(,-. D/0*(=(. G- / +(*<-.
E7 L7/(,- ,/7 C*( /0 @9- ,/ +9(7 @-9(*( *(( (7 /,/9- / @-,(-0 *-0/= *- 7( /*(+(,-(F 0/ *-0=/ *- ( (,/*(,( *-?(* /9/ /7 ?(7(*< : /7 **(F ( +/8 /7/=,- /7 @9- ,/ *(=( - /*(+(*; 0/ ?(( 7( @7( : 0/ *7(+( /7 **( **( / /7 0/7- - (*-@-; ,/ -( / /7 ?(7(*< /,/ 7=/(/9/ 7=/(/9/ 0 (7/(,- ,/ 7( ( /0@/*9- ( 7( @/@/,*7(F 0 @/0(-0 / /7 ?(7(*< /0 7( (=( ,/ /7-; ,/?/<(-0 09(7( / 7( @-0* ,/ 7(0 **-; *- /7 **( *-@7/9(/9/ (?/9-. C(,- 7-0 ,/9/0 9-*( /7 (9/(7; 0/ */( /7 **( (09( ,/( 0 **77( / 7( 0( @/@/,*7( / /7 ?(7(*<; @9- ,/0,/ /7 / 0/ @-*/,/ ( */( ,*- ?(7(*< (09( (7*(8(; / /09- 9/*- /7-; 7( @-0* ,/ 7(0 0/9/F / /09/ -/9-; 0/ +/7+/ ( */( /7 **( / 0(7, 9-9(7/9/ *-7(,- 0 /09(-0 9(?((,- *- /7 /@- (,/*(,-. &(: -*(0-/0 / 7(0 / 7-0 O@/(,-/0; - - */( /7 ?(7(*< - 7- (*/ /*/0+(/9/; *- 7- / 7-0 ,/9/0 ,/7 **( 0/ 09( / ( @-0* / 7( / - *-0=/ 7( /8( 0*/9/F 7( *-0/*/*( /0 **( @-*- *-7(,-. L-0 G-0; 9(9- / C(=( *-- / V(*<- - /@/0/9( (:-/0 ,*79(,/0 0(7+- 7(0 / @/,( 0= ,/ -?09*7-0 */*(-0F 0/ *-0=/ ,0 7-0 9/@-0 ,/ /09( (-?( *-?(,*-?(,- (,/*(,(/9/ (,/*(,(/9/ 7( 0?,( ?((,( ?((,( ,/ 7( @7( : /7 =- ,/ 7( 0@//09*9 0@//09*9(. (. E7 (- (-- ,/ 9/ 9/@@- 0/ @/, @/,/ / @-,* @-,* *(, *(,- 0/ *-0 *-0= =/ / ( ( ?/( ?/( *--, *--, (* (* ,/ 18
[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
-+/9-0 : ,-( 7-0 **9-0 ,/ 7( ( ,/ -( / - -0 /@/0/9/ = @-?7/( /7 09( /7 **( / /7 @9- / ,/0//-0. (7/9/ 7( ,/0*(=( 0/ (*/ @- ( *-?(* ,/ 7( (@/9( ,/7 ?(7(*< : 7( ,/7 **(F /09 (/*9(,( @- 7( 09(* /7(9+( ,/7 +-7/9/ : 7( /*(+(,-(; :; 0/@/ / 0/( @-0?7/; 0/ ,/?/ *-7-*( /7 // ,/7 *( (7/(,- *- /7 */9- ,/ =- ,/ 7( /*(+(,-(. TCNICAS OPERATIVAS SEGURAS CON LAS EXCAVADORAS D/0,/ /7 @9- ,/ +09( ,/ 0/=,(,; (: / 9// / */9( 7-0 0=/9/0 @9-0H 2.4)ESTABILIDAD DE LOS TALUDES Y BORDES DE LA ZANJA. &(: / 9// / */9( / 7( R/9-/*(+(,-( R/9-/*(+(,-( 0/ ( ,0/(,,0/(,- @(( /*(+( /*(+( /7 (9/(7 (9/(7 @- ,/?(- ,/7 @7(- / / 0/ /*/9(; @- 7- /; 0 0/ 978( @(( ,/0=(( (9/(7 @- /*( ,/ 7( (; (,/0 ,/ /0=- @-9(9/; /09(-0 9(?((,- *- 7( ( @(( (7=- @(( 7- / - ( 0,- ,0/(,(. E 7( /*(+(* ,/ 8((0; /7 (9/(7 / 0/ /9(/ @-+-*( ( ,/0*-@/0 / 7(0 8-(0 /,(9(0 ( >7. L( /09(?7,(, ,/7 9(7,; / 0/ ,?(K / +/9*(7; @/,/ - 0/ 0*/9/ @(( / 0/ (9/=( / 0 09-; @- 7- / / -*(0-/0 0/ /*/0(- /9?( 7( 8(( @(( /+9( ,/?/0.
2.5)CARGA 2.5) CARGA SOBRE CAMIÓN. E09/ 9(?(- @/,/ (*/0/ ,/ +((0 -(0H 1. C- 7( E*(+(,-( E*(+(,-( 09(,( 09(,( / ( 0@/*/ 0@/*/ 0 0 /7/+(,( /7/+(,( / / /7 *(. *(. 09( /0 7( (@7*(* (@7*(* 9<@*( ,/ ( R/9-/*(+(,-( R/9-/*(+(,-( / 7( C(=( ,/ D@/0; *- 7( ( 09(,( @- /*( ,/7 *(; *- 7- / *-0/=-0H • • •
/ /7 =- ,/ 7( E09*9( S@/- 0/( 0 @//-. / 0/ @/,( 9/( ,/ 77/( /7 **( /9(0 0/ /7/+(. / / 7( /*( /*(+( +(,,-( ( @/, @/,( ( *(=( *(=( 9 9- ( 7-0 7-0 / /9 9* *-0 -0 0 0 ,* ,*7 79( 9(,. ,. C-C-*-9(@(9,(; 7( (79( ( / ,/?/ /09( 7(
19
[MAUIQNARIA PESADA PES ADA - EXCAV EXCAVADORA] ADORA ]
05/07/2013
E*(+(,-( - /0 (*-0/(?7/ / 0@// 7( 7-=9, ,/7 ?(7(*<; *- /7 -?/9- ,/ ,-( @//*9(/9/ /7 0/7- @- ,-,/ +( ( **7( 7-0 +-7/9/0 : @/,( 7@( 7(0 /,(*-/0 ,/7 7=( / /7 / +( ( /09(*-(0/ @(( 0/ *(=(,-0. 2. C- 7( /*(+(, /*(+(,-( -( ( N+/7 ,/7 C( C(. . L( +/9(( +/9(( ,(/ ,(/9(7 9(7 ,/ 7( E*(+(, E*(+(,-( -( /0 /; 0 7( 8-( ,/ *(=( /09 *- /*/0+( /,(, : @/0/9( @-?7/(0 ,/ 9(** @(( 7( ,(, ,/ 9(0@-9/; 0/@/ /09/ 7( @-0?7,(, ,/ 09( (?(0 (0 / /7 0- +/7; 0 ?/ 0 /,/9- 0/ /-. S/= 7( (@79, ,/ /0@(*- ,/ / 0/ ,0@-=(; /7 *( 0/ *-7-*( *- 0 // 7-=9,(7 (7/(,- *- /7 */9- ,/ =- ,/ 7( /*(+(,-(; 09(* / @/9/ /,* /7 9/@- ,/ **7- @-/ (*79( 7( ,/0*(=( 0-?/ 7( *(( ,/7 *(; - ?/ / -9( @-0* 0 - ,0@-/-0 ,/ /0@(*0*/9/; / *:- *(0- 0/ 0 ,<*7 7( *-7-*(* ,/ 7( *(=(. A *(,- 7( E*(+(,-( - 0/( ,/ =( 9((-; @/,/ ,/0*(=( /7 (9/(7 ,/0,/ ( (79( /; *(,- /-0; 0@-, ( *--,,(, @(( /7 *-,*9- ,/7 D@/ (7 /*? 7( *(( /7 @(*9- ,/ +((0 9-/7(,(0 ,/0,/ 0 ,/ /9- ,/ (79(.
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C-7=( /7 9?- 0-?/ /7 =(*- / 9// 7-0 **(-/0 / 0 @(9/ *+(; (:,( ( *-9-7( /- 0 -+/9- : @/9/ *-7-*(7- *- 0 /(*99,. &) A0/*( ,/ T(?((,-/0 T(?((,-/0 ,/9- ,/7 (, - ,/ (** ,/ 7( M(. A7 (@7( (@7( *(=(0; (: / /+9( ( 9-,( *-09( / >09(0 @(0/ @- /*( ,/ 7(0 *(?/8(0 ,/ 7(0 @/0-(0 / 9(?(( / 7(0 */*(<(0 ,/ 7( M(. EST' PRO&IBIDO UTILIZAR EL EUIPO DE TRABAJO PARA ELEVAR PERSONAS. 2.1 .1%) %)
TRABAJOS CON EL MARTILL LLO O &IDR'ULICO
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