Radio Network Planning Process
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Module objectives At the end of this module you will be able to … 9
DESCRIBE THE RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS
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DESCRIBE THE MAJOR TASKS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS
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DESCRIBE THE PLANNING TOOLS FOR DIFFERENT PHASES
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DESCRIBE THE INPUT AND OUTPUT DOCUMENTS (DATA)
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DESCRIBE THE PLANNING ENVIRONMENT
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Content of Planning Process 9
INTRODUCTION AND PRE-PLANNING
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DETAILED PLANNING
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POST-PLANNING
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DOCUMENTATION
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MEASUREMENTS
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Planning Process 9
INTRODUCTION AND PRE-PLANNING
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DETAILED PLANNING
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POST-PLANNING
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DOCUMENTATION
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MEASUREMENTS
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Network Planning Scope
External information sources • topo- & morphological data • population data • bandwidth available • frequency co-ordination • constraints
Customer requirements • coverage requirements • quality of service • recommended sites • subscriber forecasts Network planning team • data acquisition • site survey and selection • field measurement evaluation • NW design and analysis • transmission planning Network design • number and configuration of BS • antenna systems specifications • BSS topology • dimensioning of transmission lines • frequency plan • network evolution strategy
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Interactions with • external subcontractors • site hunting teams • measurement teams • Operator • switch planning engineers
Network performance • grade of service (blocking) • outage calculations • interference probabilities • quality observation
Network Planning Process General
PREPLANNING Network Configuration and Dimensioning
Coverage Planning and Site Selection
Requirements and strategy for coverage, quality and capacity,
Propagation measurements Coverage prediction
per service
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POSTPLANNING
DETAILED PLANNING
Site acquisition Coverage optimization
6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Capacity Requirements Traffic distribution
Service distribution
Allowed blocking/queuing System features
External Interference Analysis Identification Adaptation
Parameter Planning
Network Optimization
Area / Cell specific
Survey measurements
Handover strategies
Statistical performance analysis
Maximum network loading Other RRM
Quality Efficiency Availability
Network Planning Process Roll-out
external inputs: (traffic, subs. forecast, coverage requirements...)
nominal cell plan
Initial NW dimensioning TRX, cells, sites bandwidth needed NW topology
suggestions for site locations cell parameters coverage achieved
coverage prediction signal strength multipath propagation go to frequency planning
create cell data for BSC
field measurements planning criteria fulfilled? N 7
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
field measurements real cell plan
Site pre-validation
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site inspection
site accepted ?
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Network Planning Process Site Building
issue search area & requirements
on air!
find suitable site candidates installing & testing calculate coverage range of each candidate
construction work
propagation measurements needed ? transmission links available?
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
sign contract with site owner
get building permit
Network Planning Process Site Acquisition
radio planner
network operator
measurement teams
fixed network planner
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site acquisition agent
6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
architect
site owner
Pre-planning: Dimensioning Key Quantities
• Key quantities for radio network dimensioning (EXCEL tool) • • • • •
# of BS needed for coverage reasons # of BS needed for capacity reasons Outage probabilities/percentages Frequency re-use rate (vs. interference) Bandwidth used
• Design goals are inter-dependant •
Network can only be optimised with respect to one single aspect
Design goals to be applied must be clearly agreed with customer!
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Pre-planning: Dimensioning Target
Antenna height?
AMOUNT OF TRAFFIC FREQUENCY BAND AND- REUSE
NUMBER OF BASE STATIONS (CAPACITY) PROPAGATION PREDICTIONS ANTENNA HEIGHT (CAP. & COV.) MAXIMUM ANTENNA HEIGHT ANTENNA HEIGHT FOR PLANNING AREA PROPAGATION PREDICTION NUMBER OF BASE STATIONS FOR PLANNING AREA (CAPACITY OR COVERAGE LIMITED)
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Pre-planning: Dimensioning Limiting factors capacity
# of BS
coverage
T0
time
• Before T0, the network is coverage limited • After T0, the network is capacity limited • The other constraint is automatically fulfilled
At the very beginning, just the coverage planning is needed
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Pre-planning: Dimensioning Network Expansion
• When the network is coverage limited, the expansion consists of: •
Adding new sites in not already covered areas
• When the network is capacity limited, the expansion consists of: • • •
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Adding TRX’s; Adding new sites in already covered areas; Adding software capacity...
6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Dimensioning Input Data Preliminary Questions
• Main purpose of the network? • • •
1st operator in country ⇒ plain coverage? 2nd operator ⇒ competitive pricing? 3rd operator ⇒ replacing wire line phones?
• Roamer volumes expected? •
Where?
• Neighbouring countries •
Existing international regulations?
• Use of microwave links for transmission? Each network philosophy calls for a different planning approach
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Dimensioning Input Data Morpho data
Maps • • • • •
Main cities Important roads Location of mountain ranges Inhabited area Shore lines
Local knowledge • • • •
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City skylines Typical architecture Structure of city Local habits
6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Dimensioning Input Data Demographic Data
Statistical yearbook • • •
Largest towns, cities Population distribution Where are expected customers?
250 000 pop.
2 mill. pop.
Local knowledge • • •
Population migration routes Commuting traffic volumes Subscriber concentration points
400 000 pop.
400 000 pop. 300 000 pop.
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Dimensioning Input Data Coverage Requirements
• Roll-out phases & time schedules phase 1 NW launch
• Coverage level requirements • Indoor coverage areas • MS classes to plan for • Operator´s cell deployment strategies Omni-cells in rural areas? • 3-sector cells in urban areas? • Minimum of 2 TRX per cell? •
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
rollout phase 3
rollout phase 2
Exercise: Network Dimensioning • High capacity area of 5 km2 • Coverage planning ⇒ 2 x 3-sector sites and 2 x 2-sector sites required • Macrocell environment (antennas @ 25 m) => in macrocell environment safe re-use is 15 BTS3
• Traffic need estimate 100 Erl/busy hour over the planning area
•
• Operator frequency band 6 MHz • Blocking target 1 %
•
BTS1
• Q: Can the network offer the required capacity?
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BTS4
•
BTS2
•
Planning Process 9
INTRODUCTION AND PRE-PLANNING
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DETAILED PLANNING
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POST-PLANNING
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DOCUMENTATION
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MEASUREMENTS
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Detailed Planning •
Configuration planning PBGT calculations (EXCEL tool) • BTS and antenna line equipment •
•
Coverage planning / Site selection Coverage thresholds (NetAct Planner) • Coverage predictions (NetAct Planner) • Prediction model tuning (NetAct Planner)) • Propagation slope measurements (TOM/Nemo) • Antenna directions (NetAct Planner) •
Capacity planning CS, PS traffic (NetAct Planner) • Signaling needs (NetAct Planner) •
•
4
2
0
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12.2
12.4 12.6 Time / hours
Reuse factor and C/I requirements (NetAct Planner)
Parameter planning (BSSPAR course) •
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Frequency planning •
•
The cell load .
Number of reserved timeslots
•
dt 8
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BSC, BTS, TRX, TSL parameters (NMS/NetAct) 6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
D R
12.8
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Configuration Planning •
Configuration planning PBGT calculations • DL: TX power, combiner, booster, duplexer, diplexer, cable, power amplifier, antenna • UL: antenna, diversity, LNA, cable, diplexer, duplexer, RX sensitivity • BTS type (macro/micro, outdoor/indoor, GSM/EDGE/3G) • SW features (FH, IFH, ...) •
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Coverage Planning •
Coverage thresholds DL Path loss: TX power (max.) - RX power (min.) - margins • BTS type (macro/micro, outdoor/indoor, GSM/EDGE/3G) • SW features (FH, IFH, ...) •
•
Coverage predictions Prediction model (Okumura-Hata) • BTS-MS distance (max.) = cell range = coverage •
•
Site selection (documentation) Antenna height, location (x,y), direction • BTS location => cable length • PWR, TRS!!! •
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Site Selection Criteria
Radio criteria
Non-radio criteria
• Good view in main beam direction
• Space for equipment
• No surrounding high obstacles
• Availability of leased lines or microwave link
• Good visibility of terrain • Room for antenna mounting • LOS to next microwave site • Short cabling distances
• Power supply • Access restrictions? • House owner • Rental costs
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Site Selection General Considerations
• Proper site location determines usefulness of its cells • Sites are expensive • Sites are long-term investments • Site acquisition is a slow process • Hundreds of sites needed per network
Base station site is a valuable long-term asset for the operator
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Site Selection Bad Site Location
• Avoid hill-top locations for BS sites • • • •
Uncontrolled interferences Interleaved coverage Awkward HO behaviours But: good location for microwave links!
wanted cell boundary
interleaved coverage areas: weak own signal, strong foreign signal 25
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uncontrolled, strong interferences
Site Selection Good Site Location
• Prefer sites off the hill-tops • Use hills to separate cells • Contiguous coverage area • Needs only low antenna heights if sites are slightly elevated above valley bottom
wanted cell boundary
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Site Selection Site Info
Collect all necessary information about site details • • • • • • • • • • •
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Site coordinates, height above sea level, exact address House owner Type of building Building materials (photo) Possible antenna heights 360deg photo (clearance view) Neighbourhood, surrounding environment Drawing sketch of rooftop Antenna mounting conditions Access possibilities (truck?, road, roof) BS location, approx. feeder lengths
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Site Selection & Site Survey Tools • Map • (D)GPS • (Test) mobile • Digital camera • Binoculars • Compass • Clinometers and tape measure • LOS checking tools: lights, mirrors, flags, balloons
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Capacity Planning Capacity planning • • • • • •
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TRXs/cell TRX layer purposes • BCCH, GPRS, ... TSL reservations for • signaling, HSCSD, GPRS, ... Signaling needs • SDCCH, PCH, AGCH, ... Special SW features for TCH • FH, extended cell, ... Special SW features for signaling • dynamic SDCCH, ...
6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
dt
The cell load 8
.
Number of reserved timeslots
•
6
4
2
0
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12.2
12.4 12.6 Time / hours
12.8
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Frequency Planning •
Frequency planning • • • • • •
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Reuse factor for speech and data (GPRS) C/I requirements for BCCH/TCH TRX Special requirements for intermodulation Interference probability targets Frequency band splitting needs Automatic frequency planning (AFP) • interference matrix • measurements • calculation areas
6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
D R
Parameter Planning •
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Parameter planning (BSSPAR course)
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• • • •
BSC level parameters BTS level parameters TRX level parameters TSL level parameters
• • • • • • •
Signaling related parameters RRM related parameters MM related parameters Measurement related parameters Handover related parameters Power control related parameters Other SW feature related parameters • HSCSD, GPRS • Extended cell • Dual band, Half rate, IUO/IFH 6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Planning Process 9
INTRODUCTION AND PRE-PLANNING
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DETAILED PLANNING
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POST-PLANNING
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DOCUMENTATION
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MEASUREMENTS
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Post - Planning •
Verification or pre-optimisation • • •
•
Coverage tests (TOM/Nemo) Call setups Handover tests KPI values (Traffica) • Drop call rates • Blocking percentages • Handover success rates • Traffic in Erlangs
Optimisation (RANOP course) • • • • •
KPI values Plan audit (configurations, ...) Counters (Network doctor) Observations (DX causes) IMSI tracing
ADCE
DX-cause MS
BTS
CH. REQUEST (RACH) ASSIGN(AGCH) IMMEDIATE SERVICE REQUEST (SDCCH) AUTHENTICATION (SDCCH) CIPHERING MODE (SDCCH) TMSI REALLOCATION (SDCCH) SETUP (SDCCH)
BSC
Phase 1 : Paging, initial MS
Phase 2 : MM signalling Phase 8 : Ciphering Phase 2 : MM signalling
ASSIGNMENT (SDCCH-FACCH) Phase 3 : Basic assignment CH.RELEASE ALERTING & CONNECT (FACCH) CONN. ACK. and MEASUREMENT DISCONNECT & RELEASE (FACCH)
Phase 4 : Release Phase 2 : MM signalling Phase 15 : Conversation Phase 4 : Release
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ADCE •BTS •HOC •POC
•BTS •HOC •POC
Monitoring (RANOP course) •
•
•BTS •HOC •POC
ADCE
Planning Process 9
INTRODUCTION AND PRE-PLANNING
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DETAILED PLANNING
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POST-PLANNING
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DOCUMENTATION
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MEASUREMENTS
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Site Selection / Site Survey Documentation
• SARF Site Acquisition Request Form • SIR/SAR Site Information (Acquisition) Report • TSS report Technical Site Survey Report • TDRS Technical Data for Radiating System • ...
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Radio Network Plan Output Documentation
• SITE FOLDER •
BTS configuration
•
Antenna line configuration
• PARAMETER SET •
BTS ID, Frequency, NCC, BCC, LAC, neighbours
•
Default parameters
• MONITORING REPORTS
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•
Traffic history (TCH, signaling)
•
KPI values (DCR, blocking, ...)
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Planning Process 9
PRE-PLANNING
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DETAILED PLANNING
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POST-PLANNING
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DOCUMENTATION
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MEASUREMENTS
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Measurements Types
• Propagation measurements • • • •
Check coverage area of site, propagation model tuning Site candidate evaluations Test transmitter, mast antenna CW- signal
• Functional test • • •
After commissioning of site Coverage audit Parameter checking (HO, power control ...)
• Performance measurements • • •
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Drive tests Real network under live conditions The user´s view
6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
detailed planning
pre-optimisation phase “dry run”
commercial phase
Measurements Choice of Routes
• Propagation measurements •
Stay within coverage area of cell
• Functional tests • •
Radial from site into neighbouring cells Check handovers in & out of cell
• Performance measurements • •
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Define a random route once Drive repeatedly (comparable results !)
6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Measurements Results
• Propagation measurements • • •
Signal averaging Lee´s criterium: min. 50 samples per 40 λ Estimate accuracy of prediction • database resolution • correct information
• Functional tests • •
Identify incorrect parameter settings Check missing HO relations
• Performance measurements • • • • 40
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Detect misbehaviour of network Calculate call success rate Key performance indicators Evaluate network behaviour under nominal conditions 6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
Exercises / Questions 9
List the planning process phases!
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List the major tasks in the planning process!
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List the tools needed in the planning process!
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List the details that have to be documented!
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6-60715/ RADIO NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS/ v 2.0
References 1.
W.C.Y. Lee, “Mobile Communications Design Fundamentals,” John Wiley & Sons, 1993.
2.
W.C.Y. Lee, “Mobile Cellular Telecommunication Systems,” McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1990.
3.
J. Lempiäinen, M. Manninen, ”Radio Interface System Planning for GSM/GPRS/UMTS,” Kluwer Academic Publishers 2001.
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