Thesis Report
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Floating Leisure’s A Luxury Holiday Resorts
BY: Umer Waheed
Thesis Report Submitted To The Department Of Architecture Punjab University College of Arts and Design In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements for the Degree Of
B.Arch June, 2013
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DEDICATED TO MY PARENTS
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“Human nature is like water. It takes the shape of its container” Wallace Stevens
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks To ALLAH for everything. I would like to thank my thesis advisor Dr. mehmood hussain ,Dr. Anees saddiqui and professors for their time and input. I would like to thank to all external adviser specially Mr. shoaib tahir who push me to high work. Mr.zeshan iqbal janjua who lead me to the right track. All internal advisers Arc. Wasim Raffi Khan, Arc. Naeem Mir for analyzing my work and offering critical feedback. I thank to my parents for their love and support & to my brothers atif and amir who did not do anything :p but still I love them. Thank you to my friends who are near to me and help me out in any stage of the progress. And to PUCAD for an experience of a lifetime......
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ABSTRACT I believe that one day everything on this earth will definitely change and will take us very close to water. Our life and things related to our life will go on water or underwater. Water is everything for us and our life. Even it covers about 70% of our earth. So far I focused on this theme and took architecture on water and made a new type of living style. Which will not a structure just lying on water but actually real marine creature. Water has same feelings like human nature you cannot judge it without going inside. Scenario on land and inside water is opposite.
“There's nothing wrong with enjoying looking at the surface of the ocean itself, Except that when you finally see what goes on underwater, You realize that you've been missing the whole point of the ocean. Staying on the surface all the time is like going to the circus And staring at the outside of the tent.” Dave Barry Ocean is my endless source of inspiration. This project is a resort building with floating units (house boats) for the people who want the perfect relaxing destination. I am trying to make a luxurious holiday resorts. All of the building shapes are inspired by the nature, a perfect blend of organic, abstract and sinuous shapes for human living. To me, Sea creatures and feelings of water, that is the marine life is most interesting thing for humans, we must have to experience it once. This thesis intend to design such a place which can move anywhere in water. Through floatation system people can move on water in their villas. Visitors can enjoy their life with all basic land based facilities.
Water is life's mater and matrix, mother and medium. There is no life without water. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
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Table of Content Chapter# 1 – Introduction to the Project Introduction Objectives Research methodology Client Users Areas of Study
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Chapter# 02 – Data about Project Leisure The Evolution of Leisure from Past to Present Example of leisure Need for leisure and recreation What Are Resorts Evolution of Making Resorts Types of resorts Conclusions
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Chapter# 03 - Case Studies Case Study No 1
Amphibious 1000 Qatar Resorts Philosophy Jelly fish suites Conclusions
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Case study no 2
Solar Floating Resort (SFR) Philosophy Structure Conclusions
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Case study no 3
The Last Resorts Concept Form Conclusions
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Chapter #4 – Research Aspect Floating Architecture Classifications
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Mega Float Floating Architecture Principles Conclusions and analysis How concrete float on water
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Chapter #5 – Case Studies (Research Aspect) Case study No 1
Jelly-fish 45 Philosophy
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Case Study No 2
Ome Floating Island Home Features Conclusions
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Chapter # 6–Technical Data Types of Floating Homes How houseboats works Utilities Keeping a Houseboat Afloat Material Construction
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Chapter # 7–Site Analysis The Site Oceanographic Features Climate Site Data Analysis Conclusions
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Chapter #8 – Design Concept, Considerations & Architectural Program Design Concept Design Considerations Architecture Program
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Chapter#9 – References and Bibliography Books and references
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Chapter# 1 – Introduction to the Project Introduction: In the present days, in our country the environment is very stressful, everywhere there is uncertainty of life, assets etc., in short there is uncertainty of “Happiness”. The definition of happiness changes and gets more complex with time. I want to design a place where people can relax, a place far away from the miseries of daily life, a place where they can forget the worries of future. A place that speaks for the immense beauty of nature. In our cities, everything is degenerating with the passage of time and the environment greatly affects the efficiency of work.
“It is life, I think, to watch the water. A man can learn so many things.” ― Nicholas Sparks, the Notebook I am going to design floating resorts, a place where, poets can create new perspectives of poetry, artists can create new pieces of art, a place where a lay man can experience and feel the real face of nature that makes them to wonder. Floating resorts propose a new form of rest in relation with the sea, in different and exclusive environment. A different form, shape and different architecture for family vacations activities. In this architectural environment visitors should change their life from the daily routine. Families can enjoy noise free and comfort zone. Every suite/villa preserves its own space to be able to enjoy an absolute privacy. The thesis intend to design such a place which can move anywhere in water. Through floatation system people can move on water in their villas. Visitors can enjoy their life with all basic land based facilities. Floating villas and master planning is the primary factors of interest in water based resorts. Project Feasibility & Importance: Presently there isn’t much potential in the natural resources of our country to help our economy grow. There are projects already being proposed on the beach of Karachi, but they could not be built because of lack of justified design techniques. The design will be efficient enough to cater the demands of the present time, strong enough to satisfy the investors and in the end giving the people a place of leisure and meditation. Aim & Objectives: The basic aim of the project is the initiative to the floating architecture in Pakistan. To provide a luxurious entertainment facility for tourists and residents of Pakistan. To provide such space where peoples can relax and enjoy their life by their own mean. To provide spaces to fulfill the demand of quality services for the purpose of leisure and meditation. Research methodology: After the selection of project it is important to make the method which can help me out to the right direction and lead me to the understanding and designing of the project. So mythology divided into given below sequence: Research/ data collection 8|P a g e
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Case studies Research on floating architecture Internet Site analysis and observations Designing Client: Client for this project is private organization which is working on resorts chain and with collaboration of KDA (Karachi development authority). Users: Business classes both Local & Foreigners. Areas of Study: History of resorts Leisure and recreation Floating architecture Zoomorphism Water constructions Target group: The target group is business community coming to Karachi. These resorts will provide high class leisure, entertainment and recreational activities and services to that community.
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Chapter# 02 – Data about Project Leisure: Free time that can be spent as you see fit. Time is spent in free or relaxation or enjoyments. The little amount of leisure time that we manage to take out from our busy schedule, should be worth a remembrance! Recreation activities not only symbolize fun and relaxing but also rejuvenate our mind and body to go back to our daily routine. Leisure activities are meant to de-stress a person and carry the attention away from work. Anything what is different from the daily routine and that one enjoys doing is a good way of spending one’s leisure hours. Leisure can be accurately defined as some measure of time from which a person is released from those responsibilities which normally or routinely pertain to the duties they are compelled to perform. This is most often used as an expression referring to the periods of time in which a person is freed from paid work at a job. However, leisure can also include times one is temporarily released from other compulsory, but unpaid duties. The Evolution of Leisure from Past to Present: History tell us that throughout the ages from pre classic to till colonial recreation and leisure form existed, but meant something different to each period of history. Pre Classic Age: Recreation was in verity of sports; hunting with bows and arrows, horse riding, ball games, Wrestling, gymnastics, weights. Bullfighting popular as a religious ritual. Classical Period: Games were private, local, and municipal and took place in the stadium, the guild, social hall, the opera, open air theater, the public baths, the city squares and the museum. Well-educated man could ride, fence, dance, and paint Medieval Times: The type of recreation and amount depended largely on the social status of the participants. Mock battles, jousting, tournaments, hunting and falconry were main diversions. Bird watching, fishing, cricket, polo, and hunting. Present: Presently more spare time and more money generate more leisure and the scope of leisure activities is constantly being increased by the growth of mobility and education. Increasing mobility also means that accessibility is now becoming time based rather than distance based. Importance of Leisure: Leisure provides rest and relaxation to our mind and body. To turn one’s mind to something else that one enjoys doing is a happy end to a day’s work. One can easily forget the tension and the pressure at the place of work and divert the mind in a creative and constructive manner. Leisure activities are important to bring about a positive flow of energy in a person. These activities help to refresh the mind.
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Continuing losses in the amount of leisure time we have available to us changes the way we experience life and interact with the world around us. In order to enrich our lives stronger and strengthen our connections to one another and our environment, we need the space necessary to choose to volunteer, spend time building stronger families and communities, and enjoy the environmental legacy that we have inherited and will one day pass on to our children and theirs. A proper balance of work, responsibilities, and leisure time also helps us develop and discover our own creativity, spurring the innovations that will fuel our economy in a 21st century, knowledge based and global economy that are limited only by our own imaginations. Example of leisure: Active leisure: Active leisure Activities includes energetic activities that even require one to use mental strength. Passive leisure: Passive leisure activities are all about relaxation and can even mean watching a movie with friends or reading. Need for leisure and recreation: There is a great need for recreational spaces accessible from urban areas for both passive and active recreation. The opportunities for leisure and entertainment in Pakistan are very limited. Improvement in entertainment is an important issue. Simultaneously the contribution that leisure entertainment can make towards improving the quality of life at a time when much work involvement provides little personal satisfaction, presents a challenge for entrepreneur designer and operators. for the first half of the century entertainment provided on escapists adventure and the trends was to entice people into enclosed spaces to be entertained (cinema, theater, dance halls and building alleys) current entertainment is based on greater diversity. Our country is going with very stressful condition now days. Where Peoples have much spare time and money but don’t have opportunities to spend their leisure time with family. Recreation and leisure’s space generates tourism expenditures.
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What Are Resorts? A resort is a place used for relaxation or recreation, attracting visitors for holidays or vacations. Resorts are places, towns or sometimes commercial establishment operated by a single company. Evolution of Making Resorts: The concept of leisure resorts is not a product of the modern age, but in fact resorts have been in existence for many centuries. Historically, the oldest resorts can be traced back to the Roman empire of nearly two thousand years ago. The origin of resorts can be traced back to the second century B.C. to the public baths of Rome. The first baths were small, modest and separated the genders. Eventually, the baths became larger, more elaborate and were opened to both men and women. These baths were large buildings built at the public’s expense. Some were even built by wealthy emperors who wanted to make a statement. Most baths were free but few had small entrance fees. Baths were much like resorts of today because of all the amenities offered at their location. After bathing there was always plenty to do. Most baths included gyms, libraries, snack bars, restaurants, shops, lounges, taverns, museums and theatres. The facilities were used for health and social purposes. Roman Baths: • Men and women separated • First baths were in 2BC • Baths became more ornate and offered more services • All social classes allowed to bath. • Middle Ages saw a sharp decline in bathing due to association with Ancient Rome • Most Roman cities had several baths • Bath England (AD 54) • Baths of Caracalla (AD 217) Baths of Caracalla: A-Calidarium CARACALLA BATH BASE PLAN
B-Nymphaeum C-Great Hall D-Frigidarium (Swimming Pool) E-Courts G-Palaestra H-Lecture Halls I-Vestibules L-Dressing Rooms N-Steam Baths Q-Lounges S-Gymnasia T-Study Rooms V-Nymphaea
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Different Eras of Resort History: 14th Century: In Europe the earliest spa resort was developed in Belgium. Known by the name of Spa. It was believed that the natural waters of this town were rich in iron and other minerals that had miraculous healing properties. 17th Century: Resorts and spas became popular in Britain with King Charles II leading the trend by visiting various resorts for relaxation and enjoyment. Even till now celebrities and famous personalities set the trends by patronizing the choicest resorts. 19th century: The wealthy people wished for private resort facilities. In North America: The first resorts were created in Virginia and New York. The concept of Beach Resorts became immensely popular. Resorts have come a long way from the olden days when a resort was small and modest in size and luxury. But the modern resorts are highly luxurious and offer the latest amenities for enjoyment. Types of resorts: We can categorize the resorts by these types Seaside resorts Ski resorts Destination resort Spa resort Golf resorts Water Based Resorts I am catering the water based resorts which is more near and feasible to my project. Here are some benefits of water based resorts: Natural beaches that may be used for sunbathing, swimming, scuba diving, snorkeling, sandcastle building, jet skiing, kayaking, etc. Trails and open spaces can be designed on sea. So it can be used as fishing or camping sites. Under water galleries to experience the underwater nature which is more beautiful than earth nature. Marinas bring tourism to resorts as sailboats, motorized crafts and wind surfing stop to refuel or rest. We can float these types of resorts on water. Experience and enjoying the time on water with comfortable and Eco environment. And spas of course! (Source: http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Spring05/Osterer/water.html)
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Conclusions: Resorts are meant to design for the relaxing point of view from past many centuries. With the passage of time where economic grows, mobility is advance so far leisure activities are being more complex and complex and peoples wants to do anything by their own mean. I guess the best leisure activity can be providing by giving the best and luxuries feature to the resorts. In present time there is more need to do something new and something different for the people who just want to spend their time on water with happiness. Leisure and recreation is more impotent in our life, we stuck in daily hectic routine life in our country under the different circumstances. All though water based activity resorts are usually different from the other type of resorts. These are more near to the nature as far as more relaxing than other countryside resorts. As I focus to take architecture on water it should be a very unique and brilliant idea to design water based resort on ocean. Design will be on ocean and unique in shape.
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Chapter# 03 - Case Studies Case Study No 1 Amphibious 1000 Qatar Resorts:
3D VISUALIZATIONS
Location: Protected marine area on the coast of Qatar Project cost: US$500 million semi-submerged resort Project date: Project will be finalize in 2015 Architect: Designed by the Italian architectural firm GZDG (Giancarlo Zema Design Group). The Italian architecture company Giancarlo Zema Design Group is based in Rome and specializes in designing semi submerged structures, houseboats and yachts.
Philosophy: Amphibious 1000 is semi-submerged resort project, The resort will be divided into two sections Land Sea Its featuring Residential buildings Offices Central Marine Park Floating waterways Underwater marine galleries That all form a semi-circle around a central tower that will host a panoramic restaurant
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE VIEWS
Project includes: The resort would be like a large aquatic creature that stretches right into the sea with the sea section featuring semi submerged hotels resembling anchored super yachts. Each of these hotels will have 75 luxury suites positioned around the perimeter of the building with access to private terraces and underwater passageways with views of the central marine park that connect the hotel rooms. 15 | P a g e
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The main lobby of the resort will be focused around an interactive sea life museum featuring water exhibitions galleries, large aquariums and a glass passageway leading to the underwater observatory. Guests could travel around the resort in electric vehicles or could jump on board of one of the 20 meter aluminum yachts with hydrogen engines and underwater viewing globes.
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE VIEWS
Jelly fish suites: Amphibious 1000 will also feature 80 floating suites called “Jelly-fish” with underwater viewing decks looking upon an artificial reef bed. Jelly fish architecture: A relaxation room will sit at the very top of the suite at 5.6 meters above sea levels and at 3.5 meters above sea levels the sleeping quarters and bathrooms will be. At 1.4 meters the area is for daytime use with a kitchen and bathroom And heading below deck and semi submerged at 0.8 above sea level the guest rooms and bathrooms will be. At 3 meters below sea level guests could enjoy their own private aquarium lounge.
JELLY FISH SUITES VIEWS
Extra features: It features a land-based entry way that connects to a large hub out in the sea, with thin, sweeping rings extending outward from the hub. The inner rings host small floating houses complete with underwater viewing bubbles in the lower levels of the buildings. Visitors to the resort will jet around on environmentally friendly yachts and electric vehicles. They really do need to make the resort as green as possible, because any extra greenhouse gas that they pump into the atmosphere is just going to accelerate the hotel’s inevitable, watery fate.
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PLAN (UNDER WATER LAND USE)
PLAN (ON GROUND LAND USE)
Conclusions: It is the first of its type floating resorts in the world. It’s featuring all possible land based activities and divided into two sections as we know land and sea. Architect also focuses on underwater nature and floating units makes it more interesting. These resorts are fulfilling all basic requirements.
(Images source: http://www.architecturenewsplus.com/projects/2056)
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Case Study 2 Solar Floating Resort (SFR) Location: Philippines Architect: Michele Puzzolante Project cost: Cost Estimate $ 125,000.000.00
Philosophy: This concept Solar Floating Resort offers unique hospitality, a combination of a yacht and submarine that takes advantage of the sun to generate its own energy, non-polluting and works in harmony with its natural surroundings. This resort features many things that you usually find in a luxury yacht or a luxury hotel suite, the difference is the location. A fully submerged observation bulb invites guests to enjoy breath taking underwater view, enjoy exotic fish, sharks, dolphins and other amazing sea creatures. Solar Floating Resort (SFR) can be installed on the beach to enhance any hotel’s value, this resort brings any hotel to an ecological, non-polluting and self-sufficient 7 stars level. Each of this resort has been designed to accommodate up to 6 people at sea, an ideal habitat for living in marinas while still connected to the front beach hotels. Environmental friendly design: There is more electrical energy created by the sun in one hour than the entire world use in one year. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth’s nonrenewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined. How these resorts saves energy: It saves you money, It is environmentally friendly, clean, renewable and sustainable, It is low maintenance lasting for decades It is independent allowing It to be installed on more stunning islands for that perfect getaway.
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DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE VIEWS
INTERIOR VIEWS
Structure: These resorts composed of a fifteen-millimeter outside skin and a fifteen-millimeter inside skin in balsa reinforced fiberglass. Thin films photovoltaic are integrated into the two skins to absorb sunlight energy from the outside and artificial lighting energy from the inside. Between the two skins there is a thirty-centimeter vacuum insulation to protect the habitation from outside heat as well as reducing the consummation of air conditioning to the minimum. Thin films photovoltaic absorb light from sunlight, low light conditions, cloudy skies, non-direct sunlight and artificial indoor lighting. Energy wasted in the electrical indoor lighting process can be recycled and stored back to where it comes from. The round shape of the vessel provides constant exposure to the sun, feeding batteries during daylight hours to supply clean energy through the night. Interior: The interior skin is also layered in dye-sensitized thin-film PV to absorb artificial light at night, creating a 30mm vacuum with the outer layer. While original, this setup is both extraordinarily expensive and impractical Feature: The most distinctive feature has got to be the fully submerged observation bulb. Built like a tourist submarine, its big enough for six armchairs with a thick glass enclosure that provides a 360 degrees view to enjoy the exotic fishes, dolphins, sharks and marine turtle that may swim by.
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SFR reaches twenty meters in length, is designed for six people at sea and is ideal for living in marinas connected to front beach hotels or island resorts. The hotel sleeps six with a premium on privacy, with two single and two double bedrooms, each with private a bathroom. A large kitchen, a dining area, a lounge area and a pilot room complete the interior layout, treated in the purest Italian style. Outside, the teak deck is set up with a large semicircular lounge and dining area, six individual day beds and a jacuzzi.
EXTERIOR VIEWS
Under water bulb: The 110 square meter deck provides plenty of room for private amenities for six guests. The interior is cleverly laid out to provide both quiet niches and grand views. For instance, the attached baths have a space-saving water closet hanging off the tub. The core of the space is a large kitchen and bar, with a center spiral staircase leading down to the observation bulb. The lowest room lets guests indulge in a bit of extreme underwater tourism.
Conclusions: These resorts included very unique feature the underwater nature observatory view (dolphins, sharks fish’s etc.) and it is available for every suit. Floating suits and can move from one to another place just like the boat house. Due to sustainable design resorts can be place on beach to enhance the beach quality and popularity. First eco-friendly resorts and can generate energy by the solar panels. And these resorts are non-polluting. Round shape of the vessel provides constant exposure to the sun. (Images and data source: http://futuristicnews.com/resort-of-the-future-solar-floating-resort-2/)
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Case study no 4 The Last Resorts The last resorts Architect: RAFAA architecture and designs
Concept: The concept of a conventional house and mobile swimming architecture cannot be easily merged. There is no doubt that a new typology has to be invented regarding usability, space and technology. The formal and conceptual requirements of being in motion stand in opposition with the desire to simultaneously feel at home. Living on water has to be rethought. The project “the last resort” follows the strategy of a last resort and tries to challenge known and familiar concepts. Architecture: The programed is organized on two levels. In order to be able to have an adequate height of 2.50m in the upper deck, sleeping bunks, technical equipment and hatches are built into the lower deck. They serve as “extension rooms” of the upper deck: Beds and couches are embedded into the floor and can be opened as the need arises. The external measure-ments are 5m x 15m. In the front area, there is a covered terrace; there, you can find a staircase leading to the roof. Together, the kitchen and the living room form a generous open room. The bathroom consists of a core separating both bedrooms from the common room. The bedroom can be separated by sliding panels and used separately as a study. All in all, there are six beds (incl. 2 bunk beds).
Form: Two surfaces (floor and ceiling) frame the experience “nature”; they form the upper and lower margin of the picture. Since the height and shape of the levels can be varied, the perspective and view of the landscape keep changing. The floor, for example, bends downwards at one point and disappears into the water. At another point, the roof curves down to the floor, thus creating a “kissing moment”. At some other spot, it unfurls in order 21 | P a g e
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to make space for the staircase. All this generates a play on forms that, together with the swell, the wind and the water reflection results in an intense nature experience.
FORMATION OF RESORTS
Conclusions: This is also a new concept living on water. These resorts are to be design in future it’s just a new idea and these resorts are also generate itself energy through solar panels. (Images and data source: http://www.rafaa.ch/rafaa/last_resort.html)
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Chapter #4 – Research Aspect Floating Architecture: Floating architecture is that architecture which is built on water and can move to one place to another place. Floating Structures: Very large floating structures (VLFSs) or, as some literature refers to them, very large floating platforms (VLFPs) can be constructed to create floating airports, bridges, breakwaters, docks, storage facilities (for oil & natural gas), wind and solar power plants, for military purposes, to create industrial space, emergency bases, entertainment facilities (such as casinos), recreation parks, mobile offshore structures and even for habitation.
CONCEPTUAL FLOATING UNITS
Unlike the top surface of vessels, that of a VLFS is used as the ground, and therefore the floating structure should provide a very large surface area. It can be constructed by joining the necessary number of floating units together. The design of the floating structure must obey safety and strength requirements, operating conditions, etc. Materials: Steel, concrete (prestressed or reinforced hybrid) or steel-concrete composite materials may be used to build the floating structure. The motions of the floating structure must be less than those allowed to ensure the safety of people and facilities on a VLFS. Generally, floating structures shall be moored at the same site for a long time. Classifications: Pontoon-Type Structures: A simple box structure and features high stability, low manufacturing cost and easy maintenance and repair. Semi-Submersible Type: In open sea, where the wave heights are relatively large, it is necessary to use the semisubmersible VLFS type to minimize the effects of waves while maintaining a constant buoyant force VLFSs of the semi-submersible type are used for oil and gas exploration in sea and other purposes.They are fixed in place by column tubes, piles, or other bracing system. The largest offshore structure built so far is the Mega-Float, a floating airport prototype constructed in Tokyo Bay from 1998 to 1999. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontoon_%28boat%29)
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Mega Float: Mega Float Location:Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Pref. Length: 1000m (1100yd) Width: 60m (66yd) Depth: 3m (3.3yd)
The mega-float, a floating airport model, was completed in 1998-1999 near Yokosuka in Tokyo Bay. .Length 1000.0 m, breathe 60.0m (121.0m maximum), depth 3.0m, draft 1.0m, deck area 84,00m2. Weight of steel materials used 40, 00 deck strength 6t in distributed load. . The mega-float is the world’s largest floating object ever built, in particular the largest artificial floating island. it consisted of six units, which were welded into one huge structure of 1000m in length and 60m (partially 121m) in width. . The largest unit of the structure was 383x60m. . The mega-float was constructed to verify taking off and landing test with use of rather light aircraft, and to verify commercialization. All reposts of tests show that the results are even better than expected. the platform has behaved very stably, with basically no movement caused by waves or planes landing or taking off. . The unit was constructed of steel with walls or pillars inside a box structure designed for a lifetime of 100 years. . Although the mega-float has been used to land (small) planes on its size is only about a quarter of the real proposed airport runway. . The floating runway proposed for Tokyo International Airport Haneda has length of 3600m. The name introduced in Japan for such structures is ultra large floating structure.
MEGA FLOAT
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Advantages: -They are easy and fast to construct (components may be made at shipyards and then be transported to and assembled at the site), thus, the sea space can be quickly exploited; -They can be easily relocated, expanded, or removed; -VLFSs are cost effective when the water depth is quite large; -The construction of VLFSs is not greatly affected by the depth of the water, sea bed profile, etc. -The position of VLFSs with respect to the water surface is constant; hence VLFSs can be used for airports, piers, etc. -The facilities and structures on VLFSs are protected from seismic shocks since the energy is dissipated by the sea; -Environmentally friendly they do not damage the marine ecosystem, or silt-up deep harbors or disrupt the sea/ocean currents. Disadvantages: -Mat-like VLFSs are only suitable for use in calm waters associated with naturally sheltered -coastal formations (solution: use of breakwaters, anti-motion devices, anchor or mooring systems); - (Might be) not sufficient stability for the airport control systems (solution: keeping these systems on a shore);
Yumemai oating bridge, Osaka, Japan.
Kamigoto Oil Storage Base, Nagasaki
Components of a VLFS (Mega-Float) 25 | P a g e
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FLOATING ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES Buoyancy How does a heavy boat float? A boat, or any other object designed to float, is based on a theory “Archimedes (Ark-i'-meed-eez)”. Archimedes Principle Explains how things float. If you fill your bathtub with water, what happens when you get in? The water rises, right? (And sometimes goes over the side.) That is because you "displaced" some of the water with your body and it had to go somewhere. The key to floating is that the object must displace an amount of water which is equal to its own weight. For example, suppose you had a block of wood that was 1 foot square. Let's say that this block of wood weighs about 50 pounds. Now say we lower that wood into the water. The wood will move down into the water until it has displaced 50 pounds of water. That means that fifty pounds of water are pushing back up on the block and making it float. The principle of floating is pretty easy. If we are on boat and want to remain inside the boat and actually get where we want to go, our boat must have "stability" as well as being able to float. Stability means that it is designed not to tip over easily. That doesn't mean it won't ever tip over.
On a large ship like an ocean liner or tanker, the movement of one person doesn't affect the stability of the ship because it was designed to safely carry lots of weight? But on a small boat, like a fishing boat, your weight and the weight of your gear (and where you put it) has an effect on the stability of the boat.
A boat is said to "heel" (no not the one on your foot) when it leans over to one side. This is why you never want to sit or step onto the side of a boat. Your weight could make it "heel" too much and it may tip over. You should also balance the weight of all the stuff you bring with you. In a small boat, you and your gear should always stay low and to the center of the boat. 26 | P a g e
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Archimedes' principle says that the upwards buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the water that it displaces. This has to balance the downward force of your weight when you stand on it, as well as the weight of the material you are using to stand on. therefore use some material that is going to be strong enough not to collapse when you stand on it while it sinks into the water, and light enough not to weigh very much. Buoyancy = weight of displaced fluid. What kind of structure do I need? . Should be a free floating surface. . It should not be stabled on any piles or any foundation in the ocean, river. . Unsinkable under any conditions. . Should be stable in calm water as well as rough water. . Can be shift from one place to another place according to need. . Should be portable and can easily be installed. . Should ne environmental safe and sound. Analysis: . Pontoon type structure can be temporary and permanent as well. . Pontoon type structure is not supported by the base of the sea. . It can be moved from one place to another. . Semi-submersible type is fixed in place by column tubes, piles. . Barge is a floating surface which is connected with a small boat and moved from place to place. . Complaint tower is permanently fixed to the base of the sea. . Jack up platforms can lift up and down according to use and can be set up on low depth ocean. . Gravity base structure is a platform which has low center of gravity at its center to minimize the weight on it center.
Conclusions: The best possible structure for large floating structure for my design will be Pontoon type because the only Pontoon type structure can be stayed easily on floating surface and can be easily relocated to any place. It is concluded that Pontoon type and gravity base structure are the only structure which can float on the surface of the water without any support. . They are designed to last for at least 50 years. . Pontoon type structure can be easily relocated and reassembled at any place. 27 | P a g e
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. From the case studies i observed that the world is shifting to the water side, and so the future will be water world in next few generations.
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How concrete float on water: Considering the weight and mass of concrete, it would seem that concrete that is placed in water is more than likely to sink straight to the bottom. However, concrete can float on water because it is lighter than water. Composite concrete mix has a weight of forty-five point six pounds per cubic foot, while water weighs sixty two point four pounds per cubic foot, making concrete lighter than water, thus giving it the ability to float. Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle Buoyancy is defined as the tendency of a body to float or rise when it is submerged in a fluid. According to the famous Greek mathematician, Archimedes, who discovered what is called as "Archimedes' Principle", objects have the ability to float when immersed in water if the buoyancy of the object is greater than the weight of the object. The reverse is also true, thus if the object's buoyancy is less than the water, the object will sink. What is Concrete? Concrete is substance that is made out of paste and aggregates. The paste is composition of gravel, sand or cement combined with water. The cement and aggregate mixture turns into concrete through the process of hydration. Concrete Ships The discovery of the idea that concrete can float is not a new one. In fact, during the time of World War I, concrete instead of steel hulls were used in building ships, because there was a shortage of steel supply during that period. The use of concrete in building ships was an innovation attributed to an inventor from Norway around the year of 1912. It is not only ships that were being built out of concrete during the early twentieth century. Floating barges, tugboats, and fishing boats were also built out of concrete. Concrete was and is an acceptable alternative to steel as a material for building ships only if the density of the ship is less than the density of the water it displaces. In other words, the ship must be buoyant. Density is the mass of an object divided by its volume. If the ship has a greater density than the water below and surrounding it, the ship will sink.
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Chapter #5 – Case Studies (Research Aspect) Case study No 1 Jelly-fish 45 Reason of selection This project is totally a new concept to taking architecture on water basically I choice this project for my understanding; how Houseboats works on water so far this project is perfect for my research work. Introduction: In the future, you could be sleeping under water and having your morning coffee above, complete with ocean views. The Jelly-Fish 45 Habitat is a unique piece of architecture that is half-submerged in water. The five-story floating homes are meant for families of up to eight. The design is 10 meters high and over 15 meters in diameter. The Jelly-fish 45 is a luxury home for the very rich. The Jelly-fish 45 is nonetheless designed to be self-sufficient and non-polluting, the first of its kind. Jelly Fish 45 Location: Qatar Architect: Giancarlo Zema Project Date: 2015 Cost - $Usd 2,500,000
JELLY FISH SUIT
NIGHT VIEW
Philosophy: The Jelly-fish 45 works in a very similar way to the Trilobis 65 through its solar electric panels, solar hot water panels and hydrogen power to move the Jelly-fish 45 through the water.It also has the photovoltaic glass panels, which turn dark to block direct sunlight and reflected glare on the users command. The Jelly-fish 45 sleeps 6 people and like the Watervilla also contains three habitable levels above the water each containing balcony areas also. The Jelly-fish 85 also has an underwater observation bulb that is currently unique Architecture: Jelly-fish 45, designed by Giancarlo Zema is a floating dwelling unit for up to six persons. It's spacious dimensions are 10 meters high with a diameter of over 15 meters. The Jellyfish 45 would be ideally situated in sea parks, atolls, bays and seas rich in flora and fauna. The Jelly-fish 45 allows the sea dwelling owners to live either above or below sea level in perfect harmony with the ocean environment. It consists of five levels connected by a spiral staircase. The top level is 5.6 meters above the sea level and has been kept for study rooms. The next lower level is situated at 3.5 metres above the sea level and contains the night time zone while the next lower level at 1.4 metres contains the daytime zone with a kitchen and bathrooms. The lowest living
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level at 0.8 metres above the sea level is semi-submerged and has been kept for the guest room, bathroom and technical spaces. The acrylic viewport globe situated at -3.00 mts above the sea level allows the occupants complete enjoyment of the submarine world. Its shape comes from the observation of jellyfishes that animate our seas with their transparent and weightless structure. The main carrying structural component of the Jelly-fish 45 is entirely constructed from plastic reinforced by incorporated fiberglass while the submarine globe is made from acrylic with a high compressive resistance.
INTERIOR VIEW OF UNDERWATER BULB
Technical Characteristics Jelly-fish 45 Maximum diameter - 15 meters Accommodation - 6/8 beds Main structure - high density fiberglass Deck surface - solid teak Extensible gangway - electro-hydraulic in inbox and teak with remote control External views - electrochromatic system in polycarbonate Observation bulb - 3 meter o.s.l. with structure in fiberglass at high density, acrylic viewports Equipment - approved fire extinguishers, navigation spread Water capacity - 1000 liter with autoclave system Internal electric system - Two generator of 16.000W for service 24V light throughout, electric outlets for 24 and 220V Air-conditioning - reverse system (108.000 BTU/h) Power source options - photovoltaic panels on fibreglass structure Certification - ABS Images and data source: http://www.sub-find.com/jellyfish.htm
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Case Study No 2 Ome Floating Island Home
PERSPECTIVE VIEW
Location: First ome homes will be installing on the sea shore of Dubai Project cost: Each ome fully equipped at a cost in excess of $22 million. Project date: Sales for the Omes are reported to begin in 2013/2014 with construction of the first Ome set to begin 2012. Architect: Joint venture between Palmerstone and Donald Starkey Designs
The Ome itself is an interesting concept and a design that, in keeping with modern demands, exhibits a fair share of impressive features. The Ome is self-sustainable, auto-providing its own water, waste management, infrastructure and irrigation support. Apart from its eco-credentials. Features: Each Ome will feature a dual deck format, measuring at least 32 meters in length. Lower decks will consist of living spaces measuring around 1,400 square meters, with various amenities such as central ocean water swimming pool, open air lounge, and bar and dining area. The upper deck will feature 5 bedrooms and spacious areas to relax and lounge.The Omes are luxurious. The floating house sits on a monocoque type structure. The design is a combination of styles. It has to be in accordance with the maritime laws It will consist of two levels. Be located at the lower technical facilities and accommodation for staff. At the top are fit five bedrooms with panoramic views from the windows, swimming pool, bar, dining room, living outdoors, and a small green area.
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
The floating house will offer a 10 m diameter seawater pool, large living areas and five bedrooms. The first Ome house will have a 32m diameter form. Ome will have a sustainable design. The roof will be covered with photovoltaic screens, making it be selfpowered, comprising every level of energy source: water, light etc.
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The structure and design of the Ome floating house is capable of producing approximately 30,000 kW of renewable energy. That means that the energy is more than enough, it can power six households. A facilities management company will provide service and towing support. Photovoltaic cells on the roof would be used for power.
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE VIEWS
Conclusions: This project resembles like the small island and feature al essential facilities. Each OME (floating house) include individual swimming pool. Mini cinema and sauna also included. Design is sustainable and can produce its own energy and power with its solar panels system. (Images and data source: http://architectism.com/floating-island-home-concept-in-dubai-ome/)
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Chapter # 6–Technical Data Types of Floating Homes: There are some types of homes that don’t fit neatly into any category. They’re unusual, and that’s what attracts many people to them. Floating homes are one of these types. Each state defines floating homes differently, but in general, they’re: • constructed on a float; • designed and built to be used as a residential dwelling; • Stationary by being moored or anchored, and not meant for navigation; • Without a means of self-propulsion; • powered by utilities connected to the shore; and • Permanently and continuously connected to a sewage system on shore. The definition of a floating home varies according to the architects and experts where a home is located, which is important because experts often have regulations with which such homes must comply. Regulations are also different for similar structures, such as house barges and houseboats. Houseboats: Houseboats must have a seaworthy hull design that meets Guard standards for flotation, safety equipment, fuel, electrical power, ventilation, and an on-board sewage system. They’re capable of being used for water transportation, and if they’re used for residential purposes, they have to be able to travel under their own power and must have a method for steering and propulsion, as well as deck fittings, navigational and nautical equipment, and the required marine hardware. Without these features, they’re categorized as house barges. Floating Homes: Floating homes are generally required to be moored in areas designated for that purpose, and in many areas, the growth of such “floating communities” is discouraged by local jurisdictions. Cities and towns tend to view them as cluttering the waterways and they present unique problems requiring special efforts, which put pressure on limited city budgets. Where they’re allowed, they’re usually moored alongside docks with projections called slips. To moor a floating home is to attach it to a dock or permanent anchor with ropes instead of a rigid connection. This allows the home to rise and fall with the tide or seasonal changes in water levels and puts less stress on permanent docks and mooring anchors.
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Difference between the House Boats and Floating Houses: House boats: Floating house: Move them self. Can be relocating by boat to the
different sites.
One hull that is submerged below the waves.
Pontoon base structure.
Which allows the boat to move in
Base is wider and more stable on
water with ease and directional.
Fast moving structures.
Living space in hull.
water.
A floating house is raised up to four levels above sea level.
Therefore a floating house is more permanent than the house boat.
Slow moving structures.
At least two hull.
Living space should be above the water level but hull can be used for storage space.
Source: http://www.nachi.org/inspecting-floating-homes.htm
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How Houseboats Work? Living onboard a houseboat is much different from living in a city or suburb, and the people who live in them -- commonly referred to as "live boards" A house someone may own or rent that floats on water. It can be as simple as a small hut placed on top of a raft, or as lavish and intricate as a million-dollar home. Houseboats can be built brand-new by a manufacturer, or people can buy them used from someone wishing to part with their houseboat. The most ambitious live boards will go the distance and construct a houseboat entirely on their own. There are two basic categories of houseboats:
Non-cruising houseboats - These houseboats aren't meant for traveling out to sea and have very limited mobility (or none at all). They may have a small engine or a sail, but most of the time they are moored, anchored or tied up to a slip, or a designated spot, in a marina or dock. A non-cruising houseboat is the most common kind of floating home.
Cruising, or "blue water," houseboats - If a person wants to use his home for excursions, this type of houseboat is equipped for moving about on the water. Cruising houseboats will definitely have an engine or sails, so they'll rely much more on fuel for mobility. A houseboat is like any other floating vessel and uses much of the same nautical lingo as a yacht or a submarine does. There are the structural terms used to describe the parts of a houseboat:
Bow - The front of the boat (which usually comes to a V-shape)
Stern - The back of the boat
Forward - Moving toward the bow
Aft - Moving toward the stern
Port - If you're facing the front of the boat, the left side of the boat
Starboard - If you're facing the front of the boat, the right side of the boat
Amidships - The middle of the boat
Beam - The widest part of the boat
Draft - The depth of the boat The length of the boat is the hull length -- the space in which you can physically walk around. The length overall (LOA), on the other hand, is the length of the entire boat, from the very back of the stern to the tip of the bow. This is important to someone running a marina, since it lets him know how much space the boat will take up at the dock. The draft of the boat, or how deep it goes, is important to know so the bottom doesn't scrape on rocks and cause any damage to the home. Day-to-day Living on Houseboats: 36 | P a g e
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Although the purpose of a houseboat is similar to any other shelter on land -- to provide us with a place to live and sleep and store our food and belongings -- living aboard is a much different experience. At their most basic level, common houseboats offer modest living space even when compared to apartment-sized dwellings. Unless they are state-ofthe-art and very expensive, they won't have many of the same conveniences that houses on land do, such as several stories or lots of storage space. Just as there are different names certain sections of a houseboat, there are also different names for the rooms. Here are the basic areas in a houseboat:
Berth - the bed. If the bed is located at the bow of the boat, where the shape of the structure usually makes a "V" shape, the bed is called a V-berth.
Stateroom - the bedroom
Galley - the kitchen
Head - the bathroom
Cabin - a place where passengers can meet. A living room is also known as the salon.
Cockpit - the place where the boat is steered, also known as the bridge. The helm is the specific steering station.
Nav station - the place where navigation equipment is located, necessary for blue water houseboats. This is where the boat's radio, charts and GPS will be. Everyone's needs are different, but the above rooms are the kinds you'll find in most dwellings, whether they're on land or above the water. The navigation station and equipment are necessary additions to cruising houseboats since they move about the water and their owners need to chart positions and be ready for emergencies. But how can something like a kitchen or a toilet work when the house is floating on water? Non-cruising houseboats are similar to houses on land in this respect -- they're simply hooked up to a direct source of water and sewage treatment. Known as a "water hookup," an external hose brings in "city water or water from any fresh-water system, directly onto the boat. A separate sewage line will suck sewage directly from the boat's head away from its location in the same fashion a regular house would experience. If the houseboat is of the cruising variety, additions usually need to be made -- a water tank for drinking, showering and washing, and a separate sewage tank, or holding tank, for waste. A head can either be electric, of the same type you normally see in a regular house, or manual, which usually requires pumping a handle to flush. There are many options available for disposing of waste aboard a cruiser -- some systems can treat waste and are allowed to pump it off of the boat, while some heads incinerate sewage into ash and can legally dispose of it into the water.
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Utilities: Electricity can be provided in several ways. Noncruising houseboats hook up directly to shore power provided by marinas. Cruising houseboats might use generators or rechargeable batteries. If they use batteries, one needs to be available for the engine, while an additional one will be used for any other source of power. Many boaters will have amperage and volt readers to monitor the amount of power available during trips -running water, refrigeration, flushing electric toilets or watching satellite television will use power, and being stranded without electricity in the middle of the sea could cause problems. How does a bathroom works on houseboats? 1. Freshwater Holding Tank o
A bathroom on a houseboat looks similar to a regular house bathroom. The difference is that a houseboat has its own water and sewage system. The sink and shower in a houseboat bathroom gets water from the onboard freshwater holding tank. The freshwater holding tank has a water hose connection that can be reached from the outside of the boat. At that connection, the tank can be filled with water. To fill the tank, one end of a hose is fitted onto the tank connector and the other end of the hose is attached to a city water source at a harbor. When a houseboat is parked for a long length of time, it can stay hooked up to a water hose, for an unlimited source of water. Sewage Holding Tanks
o
The sewage on a houseboat empties into holding tanks that are located on the boat. The sink and shower empty into a gray-water holding tank. The toilet empties into a blackwater holding tank. Holding tank treatment chemicals are put into the holding tanks through the sink and toilet to prevent bad odors. Holding tanks can be emptied at a harbor or at sea. To empty a holding tank at a harbor, one end of a sewer hose is connected to the holding tank. The other end of the sewer hose is connected to the harbor sewage system. The valve on the tank is opened, allowing the sewage to empty. Boats that are equipped to empty sewage out at sea have a button located inside the boat that opens the tanks. Each country has different regulations that stipulate how far a boat must be from shore before it can empty its sewage in the water. Other Types of Toilets
o
Some houseboats have been-fitted with alternate types of toilets, to eliminate the need for a black water tank. The two main types of toilets that do not require a black-water tank are composting toilets and incinerator toilets. Marine composting toilets work the same way as house composting toilets do. The only difference is that marine composting toilets are made smaller so that they can fit in a smaller space. Composting toilets use little to no water to operate. Dirt and a substrate such as sawdust is kept inside the composting toilet.
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Waste mixes with the dirt and substrate and biodegrades into compost. Incinerator toilets are made out of steel. They actually burn the toilet paper and waste. Considerations o
Houseboat bathrooms require a couple of special considerations. Nothing should be put into the toilet except urine, feces and toilet paper. Other items can clog the plumbing in the sewage system. The gray-water and black-water tanks must be emptied regularly for both odor control and to empty them when they are full. In hotter weather, the tanks need to be emptied more often, because the hot weather makes odors develop faster. If the tanks are not emptied when they are full, they leak, causing an unsanitary mess. When a houseboat is not hooked up to a permanent water supply at a harbor, water must be used wisely. Houseboats come with different size freshwater holding tanks, but no matter how big the holding tank is, the water supply is limited. On a long trip, water should be used sparingly to make the supply last. Gauges on the boat show how full the freshwater, graywater and black-water tanks are. Keeping a Houseboat Afloat: The most important matter of traveling on a boat is, of course, staying afloat. Tipping over or sinking puts us in danger of drowning, The key principle that keeps boats floating is what's called buoyancy. If you pushed down on a boat while it was in the water, it would sink a little bit. Once you stopped pushing, however, the boat would bounce back up a little, almost as if something lifted it, before it settled back into the water again. In fact, the water is actually pushing up against the boat, just as the boat is exerting a force downward. When the pressure of a body of water is equal to the weight of an object, that object will remain buoyant and float on the water. If the object is too heavy or dense, it will sink below the waterline. People typically build houseboats out of either fiberglass or wood, because they're light and will float easily. That's how a boat stays afloat, but the way in which it stays upright is a different matter. Of course, unlike the land, you have to account for waves in the water, which will move a boat around significantly. A boat has two centers: a center of gravity and a center of buoyancy. The center of gravity is the force that pulls the boat down toward the water, while the center of buoyancy is the force that pushes back on the boat. A regular sailboat has a center of gravity that's lower than its center of buoyancy, which helps keep the boat upright. That may not be the case in a houseboat, which may rest upon a raft -- the center of gravity is therefore higher than the center of buoyancy.
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If the boat tips to the right, its center of buoyancy shifts to the right also -- the water is pushing up on the boat's right side instead of its middle. It's almost as if the water is trying to lift the boat out of the water, and the farther out the water pushes, the more likely it seems the boat will tip. As you can see in the diagram, the center of gravity and the center of buoyancy intersect at what's called the metacenter. The lower that intersection is, the closer the boat is to tipping over. Once the metacenter points below its center of gravity, the boat will tip over. Fortunately, this only happens in the case of extreme weather, where large waves can be produced by strong winds that could easily tip over a houseboat -- you wouldn't find marinas located in areas that experience such weather. Another force, called the righting moment, also keeps a houseboat upright by forcing its weight down. You can even express the righting moment mathematically -- it's simply the weight of the center of gravity times the distance between the two centers. If a boat weighing 15,000 pounds shifted its center of buoyancy out three feet, the force applied by the righting moment would be 45,000 pounds per foot, an impressive amount of power. The farther away the center of buoyancy swings from the center of gravity, the harder the righting moment works. Material: Houseboats are generally constructed with one of two materials: fiberglass or wood. (Manufacturers build with metal like steel and aluminum, too, but such materials are less common on houseboats because they tend to rust.) There are advantages to both, but most houseboat buyers look for boats built with fiberglass. Fiberglass is often a popular material in airplanes and sports cars because it's light and strong at the same time. It's great for boats because it doesn't require much maintenance. It's also much easier to get a fiberglass boat financed and insured because of the low risk of damage. Regardless of the material, any houseboat requires a certain amount of maintenance. All houseboats have through-hulls, or holes in the hull, that let outside water into inside systems like toilets, showers and sinks. It's necessary to check these holes for any leaks because extra water let into these systems will flood the interior and cause all sorts of damage.
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Typical houseboat: A houseboat is a floating structure designed to be used as a residence, often including typical home amenities such as kitchens, bathrooms, and ample floor space. These structures differ from boats designed for transportation or sport in that they are often modified in ways that limit their ability to navigate water and are usually moored. Some houseboats even lack motors and are designed only to float, not to move. It is possible to live on a houseboat in the ocean, but the tide makes these houseboats move constantly, so still waters or gentle rivers are generally preferred docking sites. Construction: The construction of a houseboat is largely dependent on where it is located. In many countries, houseboats that resemble houses with windows, doors, and decks are the most popular. Some locations have traditional houseboats with their own designs, which may not have a direct connection with land housing styles in the area. Almost all houseboats are built with stability in mind, often including broad bases to minimize movement. It is important for a houseboat to be stable because, as a primary residence, it will often house furniture and breakable objects that should not roll or move around. In many locations, a houseboat is moored directly to a dock, allowing easy access to land. Some houseboats are anchored in the middle of lakes or simply too far from land to jump, and these must include a way of getting to and from shore. A smaller boat is usually attached to the home for transportation. This smaller boat must have a place where it can be kept on the shore when the houseboat's inhabitants are not at home. There are also boats that function as residences that are not considered houseboats. For instance, it is possible to live on a luxury yacht, but this is considered a different type of boat. The identifying features of houseboats usually include limited mobility, although this is actually a matter of use, not potential. In essence, a houseboat is a structure that is used as a house rather than a boat, not a boat that is also a house. While these boats are considered acceptable primary residences in many areas, they are often also used as seasonal or holiday housing. Renting a houseboat may be a vacation in itself, or it may be used to travel around on a river or lake. One of the most appealing features of house boating is the potential for escape from the troubles of land, such as work. Living on such a boat and bringing those troubles home may defeat this purpose. For this reason, many people who use houseboats continue to keep a land home and use the boat mainly for recreation. Sources
Kokkranikal, Jithendran and Alison Morrison. "Entrepreneurship and sustainable tourism: the houseboats of Kerala." Tourism and Hospitality Research. 4.1 (2002): 7-20.
Conder, Russell. "Handmade houseboats." Maine: McGraw-Hill Professional, 1992.
Nicolas, Mark. "The essentials of living aboard a boat." California: Paradise Cay Publications, 2005.
Rameriez, Anthony. "For perhaps $490 a month, a home on the Hudson River." New York Times. Feb. 19, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/19/nyregion/19boat.html?_r=2&scp=2&sq=houseboat&st=nyt&oref=slogin& oref=slogin "An initial report of the Center for Competitive Analysis." The U.S. Boating and Repairing Industry. July 2000. http://www.umsl.edu/~cca/IndustryReports/BBR-final-July2000.pdf 41 | P a g e
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"NMMA releases latest U.S. boat registrations report." Houseboat Magazine. Feb. 5, 2008. http://www.houseboatmagazine.com/?pageID=10&ID=1397
"Staying afloat." SafeBoating.org. http://www.safeboating.org.au/Boating/Kids_in_Boats/Staying_afloat.asp
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Chapter # 7–Site Analysis Pakistan coastline is washed by the warm waters of the Arabian Sea and its start from the Iranian board to the Indus delta. The coastal zone included the rocky headlands, pocket bays, lagoon best sea shore. Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea. Beaches of Karachi: Karachi is located in southern part of Pakistan on the coast of Arabian sea. There are a lot of beaches in Karachi or outside Karachi central city. The well renowned beaches are Hawks embayment, Sands Pit, Cape Mound, Sumyani, French Beach, Gadani, Turtle beaches, Paradise Point. These beaches are best for swimming or expending evenings in rented a hut which is accessible there. Every weak, more than 1.5 million picnickers visit Karachi beaches and picnic points, including Sands Pit, Hawkesbay, French Beach, Paradise Point, Cape Montes and Mubarak Village, covering approximately 40 kilometers of the popular beach front. Data source: http://insider.pk/travel/photos-travel/the-beaches-of-karachi/
Site Selection Criteria: Site should be away from the main city and must be easily accessible by roads and by sea. It should be large enough for the floating structure. It should be safe and sound from the security proposes point of view. Water of the ocean should be clear and non-polluted for underwater marine gallery views. Sea animals and underwater nature should be there. Site should be developed according to the tourist point of view. The Site: Near Paradise point about 1km Location & Description: Paradise point is 55 km from the main city of Karachi. Paradise Point is a sandstone rock promontory with a natural arch. The beach has attractions for families and tourists, including beachside horse and camel rides, amusement parks, restaurants, and swimming in the Arabian Sea. Paradise Point is one of Karachi's most popular picnic spots. The solitary rock column in the middle used to be connected to the main one but it fell a few years ago. The irony of this natural 'collapse' makes its name 'Paradise Point' all the more ironic and symbolic for Karachi. OLD VIEW OF PARADISE POINT
EXISTING VIEW OF PARADISE POINT
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By Road: Paradise Point Beach is accessible through Mauripur Road from Karachi. Reason to Choice This Site: The KDA (Karachi development authority) needs to develop the land available next to paradise point, Karachi. Paradise point is yet the best picnic spot for the public. Hundreds of users go there every week. While there are other activities in that area, there should be a beach resort which should attract all kinds of people and generate income for the economy of Pakistan. Providing the customers with the best leisure facilities which includes; a resort, it should also accommodate villas with beautiful views in see. There should be top of the art restaurants so that people should not mind coming there for a meal, with their families, friends and colleagues. People who want to relax should come and live there and enjoy the see, under water views, beach, the spa and other facilities. There should be water activities for the people to enjoy their vacations. Although this site is now more safe because Karachi nuclear power plant is working there and which is most sensitive site so the security issue is less here and new maripur road is constructed with road way direction boards which leads the tourist. OCEANOGRAPHIC FEATURES: Monsoon and Tidal Regimes: The monsoon period that is during 5th April to 9th October is the time when tidal flows extended to their maximum. The mean higher high water is 8.8 feet. The mean lower water is about 1.4 feet. Water Quality: The water quality and the levels of pollution around the paradise point are very clean. Even we can see the underwater things easily on this point. Reason is there is no pollution around this point even there is no development around the paradise point. Industrial area and city is far away to this point only Karachi nuclear power plant is just a half mile away to the site and they are generating the energy through the sea water. So there is no need to clean the water. There is no oil based pollution as well and even there is no need to handle the waste water treatment. Beach soil is brown sandy. Climate General: The average temperature in Karachi, Pakistan is 25.6 °C (78 °F). The range of average monthly temperatures is 11 °C. The warmest average max/ high temperature is 33 °C (91 °F) in May & June. The coolest average min/ low temperature is 13 °C (55 °F) in January. Humidity Level: The monthly average maximum humidity is recorded varies from 74-88% during May to September and the monthly minimum average humidity varies from 27-52% during October through March period. Humidity is usually highest at 5am. 44 | P a g e
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Rainfall: Precipitation is Approximately 10 inches per annual but bulk of this occurs in monsoon season. Sunshine, Cloud Cover and Dust Storms: Sunshine hours are the greatest during the months when there is little or no rainfall. So sunshine is all around the year and weather is normally hot. Dusts are on occasional feature and occur in the hot days before the rains of April and June. Sea Surface Temperature: The sea surface temperature around paradise point is normally 25~30 Co Air temperature: Air temperature at day time is usually from 23~40 Co
SOURCE: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY
Site Data:
SITE VIEW SOURCE: GOOGLE EARTH
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Views from The Site: KARACHI NUCLEAR POWER PLANT NEAR PARADISE POINT
ROCKY BEACH
CLEAN & CLEAR WATER CORAL VIEW UNDERWATER
WATER DEPTH ROUND HALF KILO MILE PARKING VIEW OF PARADISE
SEA VIEW FROM BEACH
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NEW MAURI PUR ROAD
EROSION DUE TO WATER
Analysis: Owner Ship Plan:
Circulation:
Oceanography:
Water pollution:
Major Land Feature:
Access to site:
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Natural Wildlife Animals:
Conclusions: Site is suitable for the floating design units. Temperature in day and night time is clam and warm also which is ideal for the vacations. Maximum tide level is 8 feet which is mean average so water should not be stable here there for fresh and clean water access is more near to beach. And water sound should also have a great impact to the visitors. Site is safer and easy to access form the main inner city. Parking facility easily available on beach. Although site is rocky this is perfect for the adventurous. Water depth is more than other site all around the year and suitable for the floatation system. Tourist attraction to this site is more than the other hotspot points even the business community is coming here on regular bases.
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Chapter # 8 – Design Concept, Considerations & Architectural Program Design Concept: Zoomorphism: Zoomorphism is an emerging movement in building design, where buildings are inspired by shapes of animals. An animal as inspiration for architects has been around for a long time. Zoomorphic architecture is a new wave of designs based upon animals. The animal may stand as a symbol for the design, or the design may share elements of an animal in a more functional manner. Some examples below.... Milwaukee Art Museum by Santiago Calatrava - Bird? Whale fin? Waterloo Eurostar terminal by Nicholas Grimshaw - Snake? TGV station at Lyon Saint-Exupéry - Wing? The curator of Zoomorphic, Hugh Aldersey-Williams, said: "Some of the most arresting and interesting architecture being designed today by the world's greatest architects is inspired by animal forms, either in a very direct way or when architects borrow more subtly from the biological world. Some of the architecture is whimsical and fantastic, but there is also a serious scientific impulse. As architects learn more from the world of biology, they will be able to create buildings more in harmony with both the natural and built environment." I start thinking and take theme from marine creature and make it possible from abstract shape, I choice my design concept from “fish” shape. Due to floating architecture and which is near to underwater world it is wisely suitable. I design my whole master plan in abstract and sinuous fish shape and attach floating units with it. Fish is a very essential animal of underwater world and having a great impact on nature. Through this way I achieve an organic shape. Organic shape is necessary for design because its marge my design into environment; all activities will be happen in the shape of fish Skelton.
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CONCEPT
FORMATIONS
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Design Considerations: -floating units should be pilot and pilot free and can be easily move anywhere on ocean. -design form (shape) should be organic and should be Marge in environment. -over all master plan should give an impact on site through form. -focus on floating units and as well as on other relevant building. -there should be an observatory for public use and also for lifeguard and it will also use as a watching tower. -through this way all floating units will be under observation. -I will create under water walk way gallery for public use to experience the underwater nature and marine life. -new and unique idea to experience the underwater nature. -new initiative to marine life experience for nature lovers. - Individual swimming pool should be given to every villa. -Family safety and privacy is first preference. -I am focusing on passive leisure so i will create relaxing points to the guests in my design. -Access to the villas and main building should be easy and visible. -Pathways should be design unusual or in circular module but not in rigid and linear form. -regular pathways and rigid form will create not a good impact hence circular pathways will create a good impact on overall scenario to walk and enjoy. -Floating units and main building welcome must have at least one permanent excess from the land. -it should not depend only by the means of boats. -The permanent access must be a gangway bridge or similar structure. -All pathways should be deigns with handrails. -so that there is no chance of any risk and it may also be suitable for children's and aged peoples. -Parking facility should be given for both visitors and staff persons. -drop off lane should be given near to main entrance and parking should be near to the building. -Emergency exits should be given in case of emergency. -There should be first aid center. -All possible and land base facilities must be given in resort gussets should be fell comfort and enjoy their life with all basic land base facilities. -Appropriate safety devices must be given with floating structure. -Building should be safe and sound for family and guests. -Full secure security and rescue system should be given. -Life guards should be provided for there for safety purposes. -watching tower -life guard center -rescue center -Water waves are big issue there to handle wisely makes water waves breakers. -To minimize the water pressure 51 | P a g e
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-protect the floating units from direct waves. -protect the building from the sea harsh water. -it is necessary to protect the building form the high tides. -although don’t create hurdles to get the fresh water. -water wave’s breaker could be in any form. -although pontoon type structure will be preferable for this purpose. All building materials used in floating building or any structure associated with the floating building must be suitable for water conditions. -which can bear the structural support. -materials should be sustainable, durable, water proof. And sustainable for against water waves. - Villas should be strong enough to prevent from water waves and wind factor. -materials can protect building from -water waves, -high tides -wind pressure -water proof -floating unit’s level should be high enough from rough water level. -plan pattern should be cell bud, zoomorphic, crystalline, and organic in form. -it should represent a growth pattern rather than a closed unified irregular of future expansion. -utilities should be an issue to handle.
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Architecture Program
Architecture Program Major Requirements: Floating Family villas Ultra Deluxe suites Luxury suites Welcome dome Reception Restaurants Pakistani Continental Sea foods ….misc. Marine gallery Underwater walkway gallery for public Club house Spa and fitness center Message center Gym Sauna Entertainment zone Imax Cinema Observatory Food courts and shopping centers Outdoor Café, bar Ship yard Management and services Front office Accounting office Executive office Laundry Housekeeping Life guards Floating units control area Security offices Services areas (back of house) First aid Employee’s area Engineering &Mechanical area Parking Guests and staff for both 53 | P a g e
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Floating Family villas Ultra Deluxe suites Dining area Kitchen Formal sitting Splash pool Driving deck Technical space 2 master beds/ attach bath 2 single beds/ attach bath Engine space Total Overall Total Luxury suites Kitchen Formal sitting/ dinning Splash pool 2 master beds/ attach bath Driving deck Technical space Engine space Total Overall total
380x2 160x2
20x3500
60x2000
150sft 150sft 600sft 150sft 200sft 400sft 760sft 400sft 700sft 3500 sft 70000sft
100sft 500sft 120sft 300sft 200sft 400sft 600sft =2000sft =120000sft
Restaurants Pakistan foods 250 seats @ 22 sft/ seat Kitchen area (30% to 50% of floor ratio) 250 seats @ 6 sft/ seat Misc. (storage) Toilets Total Sea foods 200 seats@ 22 sft/ seat Kitchen area (30% to 50% of floor ratio) 200 seats @ 6 sft/ seat Misc. (storage) Toilets Total
Continental foods 200 seats @ 22 sft/seat Kitchen area (30% to 50% of floor ratio)
=5,500 sft =1500 sft =200 sft = 200 sft =7,400
=4,400sft =1200 sft =200 sft = 200 sft Total= 6000 sft
=4,400 sft
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200 seats @ 6 sft/seat Misc. (storage) Toilets Total Overall Total Club house Gym Reception area Main lounge Male gym Female gym Total
Sauna for male Changing room Pre –cleanse and w.c’s Sauna Cooling room Rest room Total Sauna for female Changing room Pre –cleanse and w.c’s Sauna Cooling room Rest room Total Spa and fitness center Lobby Lounge Male aerobics room Female aerobics room Male salon Female salon Total Massage room Massage room male Massage room female Total Overall total
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=1200sft =200 sft = 200 sft = 6000 sft =19400sft
=150sft =500 sft =1000sft =1000sft =2650 sft
=430 sft (0.8-2.0 qm/per) =215 sft (0.3-0.5sqm/per) =265 sft (0.5-0.6 qm/per) =645 sft (1.0-1.5 qm/per) =265 sft (0.3-0.5 qm/per) =1820 sft
=430 sft (0.8-2.0 sqm/per) =215 sft (0.3-0.5sqm/per) =265 sft (0.5-0.6 sqm/per) =645 sft (1.0-1.5 sqm/per) =265 sft (0.3-0.5 sqm/per) =1820 sft
=150sft =500sft =800sft =800sft =300sft =300sft =2850 sft
=3200 sft =3200 sft =6400 sft =15540 sft
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Welcome dome Reception for guests Reception lobby Lounge Toilets Circulation 30% Overall Total
=12sft/per guest
=120 sft =1200sft =1200 sft =400 sft =876sft =3796 sft
Parking Guests and staff for both For guests Minimum 1 car for every 1 villa Minimum car for every 800sft of floor area for food court and shops Minimum 1 car for every 8 seats of restaurant Total no. of cars 80+150+150+20=400 cars 80 cars for floating villas 150 cars for restaurant 20 cars for staff 150 cars for other areas Total no. of bikes Staff= 100 bikes Club house and for other areas= 50 bikes Total no. of bikes= 150 bikes Marine gallery Underwater walkway gallery for public Entrance Reception lobby with information boards 200 peoples @ 12 sft Circulation 25% Toilets Overall Total
= 800sft = 2400 sft =450sft =300sft = 3950sft
Management and services Front office Main receeption Assistant manager Director of floating villas Conference room Total
=250sft =180sft =350sft =625sft = 1355sft
Accounting office Accounts manager Cashier Accounting staff area Toilets and storage Total
=350sft =225sft =400sft =300sft = 1275 sft 56 | P a g e
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Executive office General Manager of resorts Food & beverages Computer staff room Marketing & sales Toilets and store Total Laundry Solid linen room Laundry Laundry supervisor Valet laundry Supplies storage Total
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=350 sft =200sft =400sft =225sft =300sft = 1475sft
= 180@ 7sft /per room
=150sft = 1260sft =150sft =150sft =125sft = 1835 sft
Housekeeping House keeper’s office Assistant office Supplies storage Linen storage Uniform issue/storage Total
=180sft =150sft =125sft =500sft =250sft = 1205 sft
Life guards Head life guard office Lecture room Watching point Storage and toilets Total
=250sft =800sft = 720 sft =300sft = 2070sft
Floating units control area Chief engineer’s floating unit Assistant office Computer and software office Engineers Pilots and watching tower Toilets Total
= 40@ 18sft/per
=20@ 36 sft
First aid Doctor room with assistant Total Security offices Security head office Assistant office CCTV room Toilets Total
=225sft =200sft =1500sft = 1300sft =200sft = 1970sft
=500sft = 500sft
=40@16 sft
=200sft =180sft = 640sft =150sft = 1170sft 57 | P a g e
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Engineering & Mechanical area Chief engineer’s office Assistant office Floating unit repair area Mechanical plant Emergency generator Boiler room Fuel storage Air handling unit Carpentry shop Plumping shop Electric shop Paint and varnish shop Audio and visual repair shop Key maker Misc. storage Total
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=250sft =180sft =1200sft =300sft =1000sft =1800sft =600sft =1800sft =180sft =180sft =180sft =180sft =180sft =80sft =1200sft = 9310 sft
Services (back of house) Indoor storage Dry and cold storage Food and beverages storage Outdoor storage Equipment’s and furniture storage Garbage storage Wastage, trash and garbage Total
=800 sft =1200sft =500sft = 2500sft
Employee’s area: No. of employees / shift = 0.5-0.8 sqm/ guest room 200 lockers for staff (male and female eq.) Changing room for staff (male and female eq.) Toilets for staff (male and female eq.) Staff cafeteria Kitchen Training center and interviews Total Overall Total Entertainment zone Imax Cinema Theater for 200 peoples Entrance lobby Toilets Total
= 80 employees / shifts =3.23 sft/user=646 sft =300 sft =250 sft =600 sft =30% of floor area ratio= 180sft =300sft = 2276 sft = 27,656 sft
= 200@9 sft/per
=1800sft =600sft =300sft = 2700 sft
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Observatory Observatory tower for 200 peoples Circulation 25% Total Food courts and shopping centers hops Handicrafts shop Flower shop Bakery Books stall Cloths and garments Total Circulation 20% Total Outdoor Café, bar Coffee shop 80 seats@12 sft/seat Kitchen area 80 seats @ 3sft/seat Storage 10% of floor area ratio Total Bar and cocktail lounge 24 seats @20 sft/seat Kitchen area 45 seats @1sft/seat Total Ship yard 20 boats and yacht’s = 50sft/per Total Overall Total
= 200 @16 sft/per
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= 3200 sft =800sft = 4000 sft
= 300sft =300sft =300sft =180sft =300sft = 1380 sft = 276 sft = 1656sft
= 960sft = 240 sft =24sft = 954sft
= 900sft = 45sft = 945sft
= 1000sft = 1000sft = 11,255 sft
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Chapter#9 – References and Bibliography Books: Authors: Giancarlozema Magazine Name: Architecture+ Design Year of publication: Vol 2008 Publisher: Architecture+ Design publication Authors: Giancarlozema Magazine Name: Yacht Design Year of publication: November december2008 Publisher: unknown Authors: Giancarlozema Magazine Name: Rondo Year of publication: 12 august 2005 Publisher: unknown Authors: Ernst Neufert Book Name: Architects’ Data Year of publication: -----Publisher: Granada Publishing Ppt On Resorts By “Kraus”
Internet References: -Leisure and Recreational Http://Www.Differencebetween.Com/Difference-Between-Leisure-And-VsRecreation/#Ixzz2ccntk9pi -Resorts History Http://Www.Bizymoms.Com/Besthotels/History-Of-Resorts.Html Amphibious 1000 Qatar: Http://Www.Blessthisstuff.Com/Stuff/Culture/Travel/Amphibious-1000-Floating-Resort-Qatar/ Http://Inhabitat.Com/Qatars-Artificial-Floating-Resort-Island-Represents-Best-And-Worst-InSustainable-Development/ Http://Architectism.Com/Amphibious-1000-Qatars-Floating-Island-Resort/Amphibious-1000Qatar-8/ Http://Www.Okeanosgroup.Com/Blog/Uncategorized/New-Qatar-Seaside-Resort-Design-HasMurky-Future/ Http://Www.Giancarlozema.Com/ OME Floating Islands: Http://Architectism.Com/Floating-Island-Home-Concept-In-Dubai-Ome/ Http://Architectism.Com/Floating-Island-Home-Concept-In-Dubai-Ome/
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Http://Www.Digitaltrends.Com/International/Floating-Island-To-Save-TheWorld/#Ixzz2bcpgpwyh Solar Floating Resorts: Http://Futuristicnews.Com/Resort-Of-The-Future-Solar-Floating-Resort-2/ Http://Www.Tuvie.Com/Solar-Floating-Resort-Sfr-Perfect-Getaway-Resort-By-MichelePuzzolante/ Golden Palm Tree Resorts: Http://Www.Overwaterbungalows.Net/Golden-Palm-Tree-Resort-Spa-Malaysia Last Resorts: Http://Www.Euinfrastructure.Com/News/Last-Resort-Floating-Homes/ Pontoon Architecture: Http://Www.Faqs.Org/Patents/App/20090217855 Jelly Fish Suites: Http://Www.Oobject.Com/Crazy-Floating-Buildings/Jelly-Fish-45-Habitat/1713/ Http://Www.Sub-Find.Com/Jellyfish.Htm Karachi Beaches: Http://Insider.Pk/Travel/Photos-Travel/The-Beaches-Of-Karachi/ Utilities of floating houses: http://marketinggoon.wordpress.com/2008/12/31/floating-home-faq-what-about-utilities/ http://www.nachi.org/inspecting-floating-homes.htm
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