Four Level Analysis

Fourr-L Fou -Lev evel el Analy Analysi siss Practice Sentences

Michael Cla Clayy Thompson

rfwp.com rfwp. com

I have had many requests from fr om those who use the MCT texts for grammar analysis sentences in a digital form that can be used with a computer or projector. Accordingly, here are some sentences in a pdf that should work on any computer. MCT

I have had many requests from fr om those who use the MCT texts for grammar analysis sentences in a digital form that can be used with a computer or projector. Accordingly, here are some sentences in a pdf that should work on any computer. MCT

PART ONE These first sentences are limited to one- and two-level two-level analysis and are suitable for younger younger students who are not yet using Grammar Island.

ONE-LEVEL ANALYSIS

The

big

dog

saw

her.

____________________________________

The

big

adj.

adj.

dog n.

saw v.

her. pron.

____________________________________

He

ate

two

cookies.

____________________________________

He pron.

ate v.

two

cookies.

adj.

n.

____________________________________

Jane

is

a

good

friend.

____________________________________

Jane n.

is v.

a adj.

good

friend.

adj.

n.

____________________________________

A

big

dog

barked

loudly.

____________________________________

A

big

adj.

adj.

dog n.

barked v.

loudly. adv.

____________________________________

Two dogs barked

at

the

moon.

____________________________________

Two dogs barked adj.

n.

v.

at prep.

the

moon.

adj.

n.

____________________________________

Oh,

I

never wanted

any

soup.

____________________________________

Oh, inte in terj rj..

I pron.. pron

never wan wanted ted adv. ad v.

v.

any adj.j. ad

soup. sou p. n.

____________________________________

Joe and

I

asked ask ed

for a bigger boat.

____________________________________

Joe and n.

conj.j. con

I pron.. pron

asked ask ed v.

for a bigger boat. prep. pre p.

adj.j. ad

adj.j. ad

n.

____________________________________

Alex ran up the hill, but Sarah laughed. ____________________________________

Alex ran up the hill, but Sarah laughed. n.

v.

prep. pre p.

adj.j. ad

n.

conj co nj..

n.

v.

____________________________________

Randolph

is

my

best

friend.

____________________________________

Randolph n.

is

my

best

friend.

v.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________

The very old tree lost its leaves slowly. ____________________________________

The very old tree lost its leaves slowly. adj.

adv.

adj.

n.

v.

adj.

n.

adv.

____________________________________

Golgrich was the very man

we

asked.

____________________________________

Golgrich was the very man n.

v.

adj.

adj.

n.

we

asked.

pron.

v.

____________________________________

The rude comment offended

you and me.

____________________________________

The rude comment offended adj.

adj.

n.

v.

you and me. pron.

conj.

pron.

____________________________________

The rude comment offended adj.

adj.

n.

v.

you and me. pron.

conj.

pron.

____________________________________

It must be you and me, not you and I, because a direct object uses object pronouns.

A

slippery fish wiggled

across the deck.

____________________________________

A adj.

slippery fish wiggled adj.

n.

v.

across the deck. prep.

adj.

n.

____________________________________

TWO-LEVEL ANALYSIS

Hard rain fell from the dark clouds. ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Hard rain fell from the dark clouds. adj.

n.

v.

prep.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________


n.

v.

subj.

AVP

prep.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________


n.

v.

subj.

AVP

prep.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ The object of a preposition, clouds, cannot also be a direct object. AVP means action verb predicate.

The big, blue wave struck

the

ship.

____________________________________ ____________________________________

The big, blue wave struck adj.

adj.

adj.

n.

v.

the adj.

ship. n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________

The big, blue wave struck adj.

adj.

adj.

n.

v.

the adj.

ship. n.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

D.O.

____________________________________

The leader

of

the Gauls

is

a

warrior.

____________________________________ ____________________________________

The leader adj.

n.

of prep.

the Gauls adj.

n.

is v.

a adj.

warrior. n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________

The leader adj.

n.

of prep.

the Gauls adj.

n.

is v.

a adj.

warrior. n.

____________________________________ subj.

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________

The leader adj.

n.

of prep.

the Gauls adj.

n.

is v.

a adj.

warrior. n.

____________________________________ subj.

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ The subject of the sentence is leader , not Gauls. The object of a preposition cannot also be the subject of the sentence. LVP means linking verb predicate. S.C. means subject complement.

The red dog carefully smelled the squirrel. ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The red dog carefully smelled the squirrel. adj.

adj.

n.

adv.

v.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________

The red dog carefully smelled the squirrel. adj.

adj.

n.

adv.

v.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

D.O.

____________________________________

The red dog carefully smelled the squirrel. adj.j. ad

adj.j. ad

n.

adv. ad v.

v.

adj.j. ad

n.

____________________________________ subj su bj..

AVP

D.O.

____________________________________ Notice that smelled is is here an action verb; the dog is smelling something.

The blue flowers smelled good. ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The blue flowers smelled good. adj.j. ad

adj.j. ad

n.

v.

adj.

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.j. ad

n.

v.

adj.

subj.. subj

LVP

S.C.. S.C

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.j. ad

n.

v.

adj.

subj.. subj

LVP

S.C.. S.C

____________________________________ ____________________________________ In this sentence smelled is a linking verb. Flowers do not have have noses, and they are not performing an action. The logic of the sentence is an equation: the flowers are good in smell.

A very funny rabbit hopped

on

the path.

____________________________________ ____________________________________


on

adj.

prep.

adv.

adj.

n.

v.

the path. adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________


on

adj.

prep.

adv.

adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

the path. adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________


on

adj.

prep.

adv.

adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

the path. adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ We have an action verb, but there is no direct object because the verb does not transfer the action to anything.

She gave

me

a

good book about Rome.

____________________________________ ____________________________________

She gave pron.

v.

me

a

pron.

adj.

good book about Rome. adj.

n.

prep.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________

She gave

me

a adj.

pron.

v.

pron.

subj.

AVP

I.O.


n.

prep.

n.

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________

She gave

me

a adj.

pron.

v.

pron.

subj.

AVP

I.O.


n.

prep.

n.

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________ An indirect object is a noun or object pronoun that is located between the action verb and the direct object. It does not receive the action, but it is indirect affected by the action.

You and

I

will go to the opera on Monday.

____________________________________ ____________________________________

You and pron. conj.

I pron.

will go to the opera on Monday. v.

v.

prep.

adj.

n.

prep.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________

You and pron. conj.

I pron.


v.

prep.

adj.

n.

prep.

n.

____________________________________ ----------subj.----------

-----AVP-----

____________________________________

You and pron. conj.

I pron.


v.

prep.

adj.

n.

prep.

n.

____________________________________ ----------subj.----------

-----AVP-----

____________________________________

Here we see a compound subject and a future tense verb.

I will go to Greece if you will come too. ____________________________________ ____________________________________

I will go to Greece if you will come too. pron.

v.

v.

prep.

n.

conj.

pron.

v.

v.

adv.

____________________________________ ____________________________________


v.

v.

prep.

n.

conj.

pron.

v.

v.

adv.

____________________________________ subj.

-----AVP-----

subj.

--------AVP-------

____________________________________


v.

v.

prep.

n.

conj.

pron.

v.

v.

adv.

____________________________________ subj.

-----AVP-----

subj.

--------AVP-------

____________________________________

The word if is a subordinating conjunction.

No,

we

never wanted any blue flowers.

____________________________________ ____________________________________

No,

we

interj.

pron.

never wanted any blue flowers. adv.

v.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________

No,

we

interj.

pron.

never wanted any blue flowers. adv.

v.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

D.O.

____________________________________

PART TWO Here are four-level analysis sentences, organized by book, for students using the MCT texts.

A

big flight

of

ducks flies overhead.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

A adj.

big flight adj.

n.

of prep.

ducks flies overhead. n.

v.

adv.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

A adj.

big flight adj.

n.

of prep.


v.

adv.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

A adj.

big flight adj.

n.

of prep.


v.

adv.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

____________________________________ ----prep. phrase----

____________________________________ ____________________________________

A adj.

big flight adj.

n.

of prep.


v.

adv.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

____________________________________ ----prep. phrase----

____________________________________ ---------------------------------------------one clause---------------------------------------------simple sentence

____________________________________

A adj.

big flight adj.

n.

of prep.


v.

adv.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

____________________________________ ----prep. phrase----


____________________________________ A prepositional phrase comes between the subject and its verb: flight flies.

A frog ate the flea, and the fly flew away. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

A frog ate the flea, and the fly flew away. adj.

n.

v.

adj.

n.

conj.

adj.

n.

v.

adv.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


n.

v.

subj.

AVP

adj.

n.

conj.

adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

adv.

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


n.

v.

subj.

AVP

adj.

n.

conj.

adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

adv.

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ____________________________________


n.

v.

subj.

AVP

adj.

n.

conj.

adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

adv.

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ --------------------clause------------------------------------clause-------------compound sentence

____________________________________


n.

v.

subj.

AVP

adj.

n.

conj.

adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

adv.

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ --------------------clause------------------------------------clause-------------compound sentence

____________________________________ An action verb might or might not lead to a direct object.

The noisy intruder was a small, green frog. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The noisy intruder was a small, green frog. adj.

adj.

n.

v.

adj.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

subj.

LVP

adj.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ S.C.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

subj.

LVP

adj.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ S.C.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

subj.

LVP

adj.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ S.C.

____________________________________ no phrase


____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

subj.

LVP

adj.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ S.C.

____________________________________ no phrase


____________________________________ This sentence is an equation. The linking verb means that the subject and the subject complement are the same thing: the intruder IS a frog.

Two crickets chirped

at

the sleepy seagull.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Two crickets chirped adj.

n.

v.

at prep.

the sleepy seagull. adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


n.

v.

subj.

AVP

at prep.


adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


n.

v.

subj.

AVP

at prep.


adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ -------------------prep. phrase------------------

____________________________________ ____________________________________


n.

v.

subj.

AVP

at prep.


adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ -------------------prep. phrase------------------


____________________________________


n.

v.

subj.

AVP

at prep.


adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ -------------------prep. phrase------------------


____________________________________ The object of a preposition cannot be a direct object.

The white bird gave the green frog

a bug.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The white bird gave the green frog adj.

adj.

n.

v.

adj.

adj.

n.

a bug. adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

adj.

adj.

n.

a bug. adj.

n.

____________________________________ I.O.

D.O.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

subj.

AVP

adj.

n.

a bug. adj.

n.

____________________________________ I.O.

D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

subj.

AVP

adj.

n.

a bug. adj.

n.

____________________________________ I.O.

D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase


____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

subj.

AVP

adj.

n.

a bug. adj.

n.

____________________________________ I.O.

D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase


____________________________________ An indirect object will always be between the action verb and the direct object.

Yes, some frogs were sad and silly. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Yes, some frogs were sad and silly. interj.

adj.

n.

v.

adj.

conj.

adj.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

conj.

adj.

____________________________________ subj.

LVP

------compound S.C.------

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

conj.

adj.

____________________________________ subj.

LVP


____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

conj.

adj.

____________________________________ subj.

LVP


____________________________________ no phrase


____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

conj.

adj.

____________________________________ subj.

LVP


____________________________________ no phrase


____________________________________ Two subject complements joined by a conjunction: a compound subject complement.

James gave you and

me some fish.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

James gave you and n.

v.

pron.

conj.

me some fish. pron.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


v.

subj.

AVP

pron.

conj.


adj.

n.

____________________________________ -------compound I.O.-------

D.O.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


v.

subj.

AVP

pron.

conj.


adj.

n.

____________________________________ -------compound I.O.-------

D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ____________________________________


v.

subj.

AVP

pron.

conj.


adj.

n.

____________________________________ -------compound I.O.-------

D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase


____________________________________


v.

subj.

AVP

pron.

conj.


adj.

n.

____________________________________ -------compound I.O.-------

D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase


____________________________________ We see a compound indirect object, right where indirect objects always are, between the action verb and the direct object.

The gray goose certainly smelled funny. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The gray goose certainly smelled funny. adj.

adj.

n.

adv.

v.

adv.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

adv.

v.

adv.

____________________________________ subj.

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

adv.

v.

adv.

____________________________________ subj.

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

adv.

v.

adv.

____________________________________ subj.

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ no phrase


____________________________________


adj.

n.

adv.

v.

adv.

____________________________________ subj.

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ no phrase


____________________________________ A subject complement is a noun, pronoun, or adjective, linked to the subject by a linking verb.

The fancy fish swam slowly

up

the stream.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The fancy fish swam slowly adj.

adj.

n.

v.

adv.

up prep.

the stream. adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

adv.

up prep.

the stream. adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

adv.

up prep.

the stream. adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ -----prepositional phrase-----

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

adv.

up prep.

the stream. adj.

n.



____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

adv.

up prep.

the stream. adj.

n.



____________________________________ Remember that the object of a preposition can never be a direct object.

Sam

saw

Sue,

but

Sid

was

sad.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Sam

saw

Sue,

n.

v.

n.

but conj.

Sid n.

was v.

sad. adj.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Sam

saw

Sue,

n.

v.

n.

AVP

D.O.

but conj.

Sid

was

n.

v.

subj.

LVP

sad. adj.

____________________________________ subj.

S.C.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Sam

saw

Sue,

n.

v.

n.

AVP

D.O.

but conj.

Sid

was

n.

v.

subj.

LVP

sad. adj.

____________________________________ subj.

S.C.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ____________________________________

Sam

saw

Sue,

n.

v.

n.

AVP

D.O.

but conj.

Sid

was

n.

v.

subj.

LVP

sad. adj.

____________________________________ subj.

S.C.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ----------------clause----------------------------clause------------compound sentence

____________________________________

Sam

saw

Sue,

n.

v.

n.

AVP

D.O.

but conj.

Sid

was

n.

v.

subj.

LVP

sad. adj.

____________________________________ subj.

S.C.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ----------------clause----------------------------clause------------compound sentence

____________________________________ This is one sentence. It has two clauses, each with its own subject and verb.

He gave his book

to the curious mayor.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

He gave his book


pron.

prep.

v.

adj.

n.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

He gave his book


pron.

v.

prep.

subj.

AVP

adj.

n.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

He gave his book


pron.

v.

prep.

subj.

AVP

adj.

n.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________ -------------------prep. phrase-----------------

____________________________________ ____________________________________

He gave his book


pron.

v.

prep.

subj.

AVP

adj.

n.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________ -------------------prep. phrase-----------------


____________________________________

He gave his book


pron.

v.

prep.

subj.

AVP

adj.

n.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________ -------------------prep. phrase-----------------


____________________________________ The object of a preposition can never also be a direct object or indirect object.

The collection

of

poems

is

brilliant.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The collection adj.

n.

of

poems

is

brilliant.

prep.

n.

v.

adj.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The collection adj.

n.

of

poems

is

brilliant.

prep.

n.

v.

adj.

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ subj.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The collection adj.

n.

of

poems

is

brilliant.

prep.

n.

v.

adj.

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ subj.

____________________________________ -----prep. phrase----

____________________________________ ____________________________________

The collection adj.

n.

of

poems

is

brilliant.

prep.

n.

v.

adj.

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ subj.

____________________________________ -----prep. phrase----

____________________________________ ---------------------------------------------one clause---------------------------------------------simple declarative sentence

____________________________________

The collection adj.

n.

of

poems

is

brilliant.

prep.

n.

v.

adj.

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ subj.

____________________________________ -----prep. phrase----


____________________________________ Note that the verb IS agrees with the subject COLLECTION, not with the object of the preposition.

The wretched

elf grew tulips

in the dell.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The wretched adj.

adj.

elf grew tulips n.

v.

n.

in the dell. prep.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The wretched adj.

adj.

elf grew tulips n.

v.

n.

subj.

AVP

D.O.

in the dell. prep.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The wretched adj.j. ad

adj.j. ad

elf grew tulips n.

v.

n.

subj.j. sub

AVP

D.O.

in the dell. prep. pre p.

adj.j. ad

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ------prep. -----prep. phrasephrase--------

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.j. ad

elf grew tulips n.

v.

n.

subj.j. sub

AVP

D.O.


adj.j. ad

n.



____________________________________


adj.j. ad

elf grew tulips n.

v.

n.

subj.j. sub

AVP

D.O.


adj.j. ad

n.



____________________________________ This sentence sentenc e has a good feature: feature: the verb is right next to the subject. That always makes a sentence clearer cl earer.. A DELL is a small, sma ll, wooded valley.

A weary mason gre grew w bored with the task. ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

A weary mason gre grew w bored with the task. adj.j. ad

adj.j. ad

n.

v.

adj.j. ad

prep. pre p.

adj.j. ad

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

A weary mason grew bored with the task. adj.

adj.

n.

v.

adj.

subj.

LVP

S.C.

prep.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

subj.

LVP

S.C.

prep.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ --------prep. phrase-------

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

subj.

LVP

S.C.

prep.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ --------prep. phrase-------


____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

subj.

LVP

S.C.

prep.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ --------prep. phrase-------


____________________________________ This is tricky. In this sentence GREW is a linking verb. It is not action: the mason is not growing anything, he is just getting bored. TO GROW is often a linking verb.

The gang

of

thieves makes him

an offer.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The gang adj.

n.

of prep.

thieves makes him n.

v.

pron.

an offer. adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The gang adj.

n.

of prep.


v.

pron.

AVP

I.O.

an offer. adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

D.O.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The gang adj.

n.

of prep.


v.

pron.

AVP

I.O.

an offer. adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

D.O.

____________________________________ -----prep. phrase----

____________________________________ ____________________________________

The gang adj.

n.

of prep.


v.

pron.

AVP

I.O.

an offer. adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

D.O.

____________________________________ -----prep. phrase----


____________________________________

The gang adj.

n.

of prep.


v.

pron.

AVP

I.O.

an offer. adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

D.O.

____________________________________ -----prep. phrase----


____________________________________ The verb MAKES agrees with the subject GANG, not with the noun beside it.

When the ship hit the rock, Max was afraid.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

When the ship hit the rock, Max was afraid. conj.

adj.

n.

v.

adj.

n.

n.

v.

adj.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

n.

n.

v.

adj.

D.O.

subj.

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

n.

n.

v.

adj.

D.O.

subj.

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

n.

n.

v.

adj.

D.O.

subj.

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ---------------------dependent clause-------------------------independent clause-----a D,I complex declarative sentence

____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

n.

n.

v.

adj.

D.O.

subj.

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ---------------------dependent clause-------------------------independent clause-----a D,I complex declarative sentence

____________________________________ The comma is required when the dependent clause comes first. D,I expresses the punctuation rule. Note that each clause has its own subject and simple predicate.

Scrubbing the deck, James

was

a

good sailor.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Scrubbing the deck, James adj.

adj.

n.

n.

was v.

a adj.

good sailor. adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

was

n.

v.

subj.

LVP

a adj.

good sailor. adj.

n.

____________________________________ S.C.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

was

n.

v.

subj.

LVP

a adj.

good sailor. adj.

n.

____________________________________ S.C.

____________________________________ --------participial phrase--------

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

was

n.

v.

subj.

LVP

a adj.

good sailor. adj.

n.

____________________________________ S.C.


____________________________________ ---------------------------------------------independent clause---------------------------------a simple declarative sentence

____________________________________


adj.

n.

was

n.

v.

subj.

LVP

a adj.

good sailor. adj.

n.

____________________________________ S.C.



____________________________________ This is a classic introductory participial phrase, modifying the subject, and set off by a comma. The phrase is part of the clause--is inside the clause.


adj.

n.

was

n.

v.

subj.

LVP

a adj.

good sailor. adj.

n.

____________________________________ S.C.



____________________________________ This is a classic introductory participial phrase, modifying the subject, and set off by a comma. The phrase is part of the clause--is inside the clause.

Scrubbing

the deck

was

an

odious

task.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Scrubbing n.

the deck adj.

n.

was v.

an adj.

odious adj.

task. n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Scrubbing n.

the deck adj.

n.

was v.

an adj.

odious adj.

task. n.

____________________________________ -------------------subj. -----------------

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Scrubbing n.

the deck adj.

n.

was v.

an adj.

odious adj.

task. n.

____________________________________ -------------------subj. -----------------

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ ------------gerund phrase------------

____________________________________ ____________________________________

Scrubbing n.

the deck adj.

n.

was v.

an adj.

odious adj.

task. n.

____________________________________ -------------------subj. -----------------

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ ------------gerund phrase------------


____________________________________

Scrubbing n.

the deck adj.

n.

was v.

an adj.

odious adj.

task. n.

____________________________________ -------------------subj. -----------------

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ ------------gerund phrase------------


____________________________________ Here the phrase is a gerund phrase acting as the subject of the verb. This is a classic, very common structure

Scrubbing n.

the deck adj.

n.

was v.

an adj.

odious adj.

task. n.

____________________________________ -------------------subj. -----------------

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ ------------gerund phrase------------


____________________________________ Here the phrase is a gerund phrase acting as the subject of the verb. This is a classic, very common structure

Two

bluebirds

wanted

to eat

some

bugs.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Two

bluebirds

wanted

to eat

some

bugs.

adj.

n.

v.

n.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Two

bluebirds

wanted

to eat

some

bugs.

adj.

n.

v.

n.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

--------------------D.O.-----------------

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Two

bluebirds

wanted

to eat

some

bugs.

adj.

n.

v.

n.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

--------------------D.O.-----------------

____________________________________ ------------infinitive phrase------------

____________________________________ ____________________________________

Two

bluebirds

wanted

to eat

some

bugs.

adj.

n.

v.

n.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

--------------------D.O.-----------------



____________________________________

Two

bluebirds

wanted

to eat

some

bugs.

adj.

n.

v.

n.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

--------------------D.O.-----------------



____________________________________ Here is an infinitive phrase acting as a noun and as the direct object.

Two

bluebirds

wanted

to eat

some

bugs.

adj.

n.

v.

n.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

--------------------D.O.-----------------



____________________________________ Here is an infinitive phrase acting as a noun and as the direct object.

The bird told the bug

a story

as

the sun set.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The bird told the bug adj.j. ad

n.

v.

adj.j. ad

n.

a story

as

adj.j. ad

conj co nj..

n. n.

the sun set. adj.j. ad

n. n.

v.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


n.

v.

adj.j. ad

n.

a story

as

adj.j. ad

conj co nj..

n. n.


n. n.

v.

subj su bj..

AVP

____________________________________ subj su bj.. AVP

I.I.O. O.

D.O.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


n.

v.

adj.j. ad

n.

a story

as

adj.j. ad

conj co nj..

n. n.


n. n.

v.

subj su bj..

AVP

____________________________________ subj su bj.. AVP

I.I.O. O.

D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ____________________________________


n.

v.

adj.j. ad

n.

a story

as

adj.j. ad

conj co nj..

n. n.


n. n.

v.

subj su bj..

AVP

____________________________________ subj su bj.. AVP

I.I.O. O.

D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ----------------------independent clause-------------------------dependent clause-----an ID complex declarative sentence

____________________________________


n.

v.

adj.j. ad

n.

a story

as

adj.j. ad

conj co nj..

n. n.


n. n.

v.

subj su bj..

AVP

____________________________________ subj su bj.. AVP

I.I.O. O.

D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ----------------------independent clause-------------------------dependent clause-----an ID complex declarative sentence

____________________________________ Because the dependent clause comes second, we do not use a comma between the clauses.

The gray dog looked old,

like

a

shaggy wolf.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The gray dog looked old, adj.

adj.

n.

v.

adj.

like

a

prep.

adj.

shaggy wolf. adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

subj.

LVP

S.C.

like

a

prep.

adj.

shaggy wolf. adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

subj.

LVP

S.C.

like

a

prep.

adj.

shaggy wolf. adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ --------------prep. phrase------------

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

subj.

LVP

S.C.

like

a

prep.

adj.

shaggy wolf. adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ --------------prep. phrase------------

____________________________________ ------------------------------------------independent clause------------------------------------a simple declarative sentence

____________________________________


adj.

n.

v.

adj.

subj.

LVP

S.C.

like

a

prep.

adj.

shaggy wolf. adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ --------------prep. phrase------------


____________________________________ In this case the dog is not looking at anything; looked is not an action verb here. The sentence means that the dog was old in looks. Like is a preposition of similarity.

The very curious

boy

has

a

talking

turtle.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The very curious adj.

adv.

adj.

boy n.

has

a

talking

turtle.

v.

adj.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adv.

adj.

boy

has

a

talking

turtle.

n.

v.

adj.

adj.

n.

subj.

AVP

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adv.

adj.

boy

has

a

talking

turtle.

n.

v.

adj.

adj.

n.

subj.

AVP

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase, but talking is a participle

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adv.

adj.

boy

has

a

talking

turtle.

n.

v.

adj.

adj.

n.

subj.

AVP

____________________________________ D.O.



____________________________________


adv.

adj.

boy

has

a

talking

turtle.

n.

v.

adj.

adj.

n.

subj.

AVP

____________________________________ D.O.



____________________________________ Why is the little verb has not a linking verb? It does not link. It does not say that the boy IS a turtle. If it does not link the two, it is not linking. To have a turtle is not to

Rory is the very man who gave Ed the fish.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Rory is the very man who gave Ed the fish. n.

v.

adj.

adj.

n.

pron.

v.

n.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


v.

subj.

LVP

adj.

adj.

n.

pron.

v.

n.

S.C.

subj.

AVP

I.O.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


v.

subj.

LVP

adj.

adj.

n.

pron.

v.

n.

S.C.

subj.

AVP

I.O.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ ____________________________________


v.

subj.

LVP

adj.

adj.

n.

pron.

v.

n.

S.C.

subj.

AVP

I.O.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ -------------independent clause----------------------dependent clause------------an ID complex declarative sentence

____________________________________


v.

subj.

LVP

adj.

adj.

n.

pron.

v.

n.

S.C.

subj.

AVP

I.O.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ D.O.

____________________________________ no phrase

____________________________________ -------------independent clause----------------------dependent clause------------an ID complex declarative sentence

____________________________________ In this sentence very is an adjective because it modifies a noun. The dependent clause is an adjective clause modifying the noun man. Adjective clauses follow the nouns that

Climbing the icy slope was the fulfillment of his dream.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Climbing the icy slope was the fulfillment of his dream. n.

adj.

adj.

n.

v.

adj.

n.

prep. adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

adj.

n.

v.

adj.

n.

prep. adj.

n.

____________________________________ --------------------subj.------------------

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

adj.

n.

v.

adj.

n.

prep. adj.

n.

____________________________________ --------------------subj.------------------

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ --------------gerund phrase------------

-----prep. phrase----

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

adj.

n.

v.

adj.

n.

prep. adj.

n.

____________________________________ --------------------subj.------------------

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ --------------gerund phrase------------


____________________________________ -------------------------------------------independent clause------------------------------------a simple declarative sentence

____________________________________


adj.

adj.

n.

v.

adj.

n.

prep. adj.

n.

____________________________________ --------------------subj.------------------

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ --------------gerund phrase------------



____________________________________ Here is a typical gerund phrase used as the subject of the verb. This is one of the most common patterns that we see.


adj.

adj.

n.

v.

adj.

n.

prep. adj.

n.

____________________________________ --------------------subj.------------------

LVP

S.C.

____________________________________ --------------gerund phrase------------



____________________________________ Here is a typical gerund phrase used as the subject of the verb. This is one of the most common patterns that we see.

Like a little child, my father loved opening presents.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Like a little child, my father loved opening presents. prep. adj.

adj.

n.

adj.

n.

v.

n.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

n.

n.

____________________________________ ------------D.O. ------------

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

n.

n.

____________________________________ ------------D.O. ------------

____________________________________ -----------prep. phrase---------

-------gerund phrase------

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adj.

n.

adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

n.

n.

____________________________________ ------------D.O. ------------

____________________________________ -----------prep. phrase---------



____________________________________


adj.

n.

adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

n.

n.

____________________________________ ------------D.O. ------------

____________________________________ -----------prep. phrase---------



____________________________________ Here we see a gerund phrase used as the direct object. Gerund phrases are nouns, so we always see them in the normal noun places. The noun presents is the object of


adj.

n.

adj.

n.

v.

subj.

AVP

n.

n.

____________________________________ ------------D.O. ------------

____________________________________ -----------prep. phrase---------



____________________________________ Here we see a gerund phrase used as the direct object. Gerund phrases are nouns, so we always see them in the normal noun places. The noun presents is the object of

Max always wanted to row the boat on the river.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Max always wanted to row the boat on the river. n.

adv.

v.

n.

adj.

n.

prep.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adv.

v.

n.

adj.

n.

prep.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

-----------------------------D.O. --------------------------

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________


adv.

v.

n.

adj.

n.

prep.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

-----------------------------D.O. --------------------------

____________________________________ -----infinitive phrase-----

------prep. phrase----

____________________________________ ____________________________________


adv.

v.

n.

adj.

n.

prep.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

-----------------------------D.O. --------------------------




____________________________________


adv.

v.

n.

adj.

n.

prep.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

-----------------------------D.O. --------------------------




____________________________________ Here we see an infinitive phrase--which has a prepositional phrase attached to it-acting as a noun and as the basis of the direct object. An infinitive is one word.


adv.

v.

n.

adj.

n.

prep.

adj.

n.

____________________________________ subj.

AVP

-----------------------------D.O. --------------------------




____________________________________ Here we see an infinitive phrase--which has a prepositional phrase attached to it-acting as a noun and as the basis of the direct object. An infinitive is one word.

Arthur, the aging architect, drew new plans yesterday.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Four Level Analysis

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