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LECTURER’S
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REMARKS:
SIGNATURE:
UiTM Pahang Faculty ofREPORT Civil MUST BE SUBMITTED 1 WEEK AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE LAB. THE ECS 253 - GEOLOGY
1.0 TITLE
Geological Map 3 – Introduction To True & Apparent Dip And Thickness Of Bed
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The traditional ;ethods of conducting la!orator< actiities assigned as %eel "5 =ill not !e a!le to proide the aenue for students to enhance independent learning actiities and inculcate creatiit< and innoation> The traditional ;ethod is full< prescriptie =here the three ele;ents na;el< pro!le; =a 4o=eer it is still necessar< to !e i;ple;ented as part of the =hole la!orator< course actiit< especiall< to first and second In this la!orator< actiit< student =ill !e e?posed to the techni@ue of producing the cross section profile together =ith the strike line and dip direction according to the gien outcrop>
1.2 OBECTIVES
The o!ecties of the test are i> To plot the cross section profile to deter;ine the rock strata !< referring to the geological ;ap gien> ii> To dra= the dip and strike of the rock strata iii> To calculate the ertical and true thickness of the rock strata
1.3 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Dip & 1trike Dip is the angle !et=een a horiContal plane and an inclined plane> Dip is al=a Dip angles range fro; " for a horiContal !ed to :" for a ertical !ed> 1trike is the co;pass direction of line for;ed !< the intersection of a horiContal plane and it usuall< e?pressed relatie to the north>
igure 7># 1trike and dip direction of rock strata
On Map 3 the contour ##"" ; for the geological !oundar< DE' coincides =ith the #""" ; structure contour for !oundar< (ED> Thus along this strike direction the top of !ed D is #"" ; higher than its !ed> This is the thickness of the !ed that =ould !e penetrated !< a !orehole drilled at point F>
ertical thickness T5 and True thickness T5 ertical thickness of inclined !ed is greater than the True thickness since the True thickness is ;easured perpendicular to the geological !oundaries> The angle H in !et=een T and T is e@ual to the angle of dip>
(osine H T9T Thus T T cosine H This ;ean the T of a !ed is e@ual to the T ;ultiplied !< cosine of the angle of dip>
igure 7>2 1ection sho=ing the relationship !et=een the ertical thickness T5 and true thickness T5 of a dipping !ed
#> All the outcrop =ere coloured !ased on the shading code gien Appendi? $a & )!5> 2> The crossEsection =as plotted =ith the horiContal and ertical scales accordingl< to the scale of the geological ;ap on a piece of graph paper> The ertical scale =as e?aggerated to i;proe isi!ilit< of the profile> 3> A line =as dra=n to oin the line of crossEsection on the ;ap sa )> On the geological ;ap the strike line =as dra=n and the points of intersection =as ;arked accordingl< !et=een the lines =ith the contours respectie to its heights> The intersection line =as na;ed> 8> The points to the crossEsection profile =as transferred respectie to the heights of the contours> $> The points =ere oined to for; the profile of the ground eleation> 7> The geological ;ap 3 =as folded to for; the 0 – J cross section> The F ;ark =hich the !orehole position =as located> -> The !orehole cross section on the profile of ground eleation =as dra=n> The ertical thickness and true thickness of each rock !ed =as deter;ined>
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".0 DISCUSSION
After this e?peri;ent =e hae achiee the o!ecties =hich are to plot the cross section profile to deter;ine the rock strata !< referring to the geological ;ap gien to dra= the dip and strike of the rock strata and to calculate the ertical and true thickness of the rock strata> Ta!le #>" is the data profiling =here the distance of contour to contour is ;easured in c; then ti;es =ith the scale #c;)"->#$;> hile ta!le #># is the data for dip and strike alue> The intersection of contour line and !oundar< line =as oined to for; lines parallel to each other> Then the graph of contour against cu;ulatie distance =as plotted> ro; the ;ap =e can ;easure the !orehole position and hence the !orehole can !e dra=n on the graph> The thickness of the !orehole is # c; thick =hich =as alread< fi?ed> ro; the graph also =e can find the angle dip =hich is )8 o> Therefore !< doing this e?peri;ent =e can plot the cross section profile to deter;ine the rock strata !< referring to the geological ;ap gien dra= the dip and strike of the rock strata and calculate the ertical and true thickness of the rock strata>
5.0 CONCLUSION
As for the conclusion !< doing this e?peri;ent =e can plot the cross section profile to deter;ine the rock strata !< referring to the geological ;ap gien dra= the dip and strike of the rock strata and calculate the ertical and true thickness of the rock strata>
