Hierarquia Militar do Brasil
Hierarquia atual Marinha 1
Oficiais generais
Oficiais superiores
Praças ou graduados
1
Aeronáutica
marechal
almirante-de-esquadra
general-de-exército
tenente-brigadeiro
vice-almirante
general-de-divisão
major-brigadeiro
contra-almirante
general-de-brigada
brigadeiro
capitão-de-mar-e-guerra
coronel
coronel
capitão-de-fragata
tenente-coronel
tenente-coronel
capitão-de-corveta
major
major
capitão
capitão
primeiro-tenente
primeiro-tenente
primeiro-tenente
segundo-tenente
segundo-tenente
segundo-tenente
guarda-marinha
aspirante
aspirante
suboficial
subtenente
suboficial
primeiro-sargento
primeiro-sargento
primeiro-sargento
segundo-sargento
segundo-sargento
segundo-sargento
terceiro-sargento
terceiro-sargento
terceiro-sargento
cabo
cabo
cabo
marinheiro
soldado
soldado
Preenchidos apenas em caso de guerra.
marechal-do-ar
1
almirante
Oficiais capitão-tenente intermediários Oficiais subalternos
Exército 1
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mestr e-de-campo (d epoi s coron el) capitão-de-mar-e- guerra te nent e-coron el (capitão-mor nas capitão-de- ragata Ord e nança s) '
sarg ento- mor (de pois major)
capitão-tene nte
capitão
tene nt e-do-mar (depoi s prim eiro tene nt e)
te nent e
tene nt e (d epoi s segundo-te nent e)
alf eres
guarda -marinha
cad et e
aspirant e
sarg ento- ajudant e
mestr e
prim eiro -sarg e nto
primeiro -sarg ento
segundo-sarg ento
segundo-sarg ento
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quartel-mestr e
cabo - de-esquadra
cabo
ansp eçada
marinheiro
soldado
grum et e
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Os graus da hierarquia militar no e ército republicano eram, em linhas gerai s, o s seguint es: 1) G eneral em chef e: Côn sul ou pretor. Comanda va toda s as le giões do e ér cito. Estava, em geral, acompanhado d e ajudantes de campo e de uma guarda de honra. 2) Tribuno s militares (oficiais superior es): Cada legião po ssuía seis tribunos militares, cab endo a cada um o comando de dez ce ntúria s e, por rodí zio, o comando da legião. 3) Ce nturiõ es (ofi ciais subalterno s): Cada ce nturião comanda va uma ce ntúria. No manipulo era con sid erado s up erior (prior) o chef e da centúria dir eita e inf erior (po sterior) o chef e da centúria esqu erda. 4) Subofi ciai s: Optiones (a judant es), signiferi (alf eres), campidoctores (instrutor es). Esses ofi ciai s, em geral, não dispunham d e comando, ma s dirigiam os serviço s gerai s. Figuravam e ntre os m esmo s os arquiteto s e os m édico s militares. Entr e o s soldados ra sos havia uma graduação : soldados de prim eira cla sse (immunes ), i sento s de certo s serviço s, e os de segunda cla sse (munifices). Na cavalaria, cada turma era comandada por um pr ef eito (oficial superior) e as decúria s por d ecuriõ es (ofi ciai s subalterno s). 4
4
Hierarquia do E
5
6
rcito Grego
C ategoria
Oficiais Generais
Oficiais de Campo
Oficiais da Companhia
Hierarquia do e
8
7
Nível Grego
Greec e (Edit)
OF-10
OF-9
Equivalente General Tenente-Gener al Major-General Brigadeiro-General Coronel Tenente Coronel Major Capitão Tenente Segundo Tenente
NATO OF-9 OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2 OF-1 OF-1
rcito Helê ico 9
The insignia currently in use are
NAT O Code
Transliteração Strategos Antistrategos Hypostrategos Taxiarkhos Syntagmatarkhes Antisyntagmatark hes Tagmatarkhes Lokhagos Hypolokhagos Anthypolokhagos
OF-8
@
OF-7
OF-6
OF-5
OF-4
OF-3
OF-2
OF-1
OF-D-
No Equival ent
Stude nt Office r
No Equival ent
OF-10: The rank of Str at archis (, equivalent to Field Marshal or General of the Army) has been historically used, but is no longer extant. It was first awarded to KingConstantine I for his leadership in theBalkan Wars. The rank was subsequently assumed by his successors upon accession, until the abolishment of the monarchy. The only regular officer to have been awarded the rank was GeneralAlexander Papagos on 28 October1949.
Hierarquia Militar dos Viki gs A
In the early Viking period the basis of the army was the hirð (pronounced - heerth), the men of the lord's hearth who had sworn loyalty to him. Many would be fellow countrymen drawn by a lord's reputation for valour and generosity, but some would be professi onal fighters seeki ng the best rewards. In peacetime t hey acted as the lord' s or king's officials, forming embassies, exacting tribute, recovering dues, and acting as messengers; in war they formed the core of his army. In additio n the lord could call upo n his estates to provide ships an d crews (the coastal nature of Scandinavian warfare meant that armies were often calculated in terms of ships' crews). The country was divided into units (ha na) each assessed at one full mark of gold, all of which were committed to manning and arming a ship. The crew would have varied from 40 - 60, and in addition to a spear, iron cap (helmet) and shield for each member, one mail shirt per ship, and one bow and arrows per 6 benches were required. Thes e figures varied slightly in differe nt countries and times but provi de a good average guide, although if B
each cre had say thr ee tim es th e numb er of bow s and arrow s to mail shirt s, then carnag e wa s almost always guaranteed. So eith er th ere wa s an e pectation that mor e mail was own ed b y th e l it hsmen on board or thi s figure of on e shirt is erroneou s. A similar syst em probabl y continued to b e used in the Dan elaw where th ere wa s a large numb er of small land-holding bondi - a thing of th e pa st in th e manorialy based Saxon England. Like th e Saxon fyrd th e Anglo-Danish here ma y have had a sys tem of rotation for service to re duce th e burd en o n estat es, although lik e th e fyrd it may have containe d many semi-prof essional warriors. C
D
The el eve nth centur y saw a gradual shift to a mor e permanent prof ess ional force comm encing with th e assaults of Sw ein and Cnut upon England. In 101 2 forty-fi ve ship s detach ed th emselves from Swein's fleet and made a bargain with Æth elre d to 'k eep th e country against it s ene mies' pro vide d th e cr ew w ere f e d and clothed. Later, und er Cnut, a standing for ce of 40 ships wa s maintained after th e disbanding of th e here or army. Its crews were prof essionals, l it hsmen , and were clearl y distingui she d from th e ship s manne d b y th e levies. Th e men receive d eight full marks a ye ar per oar. Only und er Edward, fr ee of Danish dominan ce, did thi s syste m declin e and th e still loyal Danish ship s left England with their gains. Similarly, Cnut institut ed th e t hingemanna l it h or tingl it h , be tter known by th e English t erm huscar l. In many wa ys it formalised th e earlier system of th e hirð . Unlike th e earlier band thi s on e wa s not supported by th e king alone, but by tax es and f ees, usually from the towns and bur hs wher e th ere wa s mu ch w ealth but little land, hence less obligation for fyrd service. In at l east two cases th ere ar e ref erences to butsecar l es being paid by a bur h who se citizens ar e not taking part in the king's host. These me n appear to be m ercenaries give n garrison duti es to prot ect towns in pot ential dang er who had alr eady pro vided m en for the fyrd . There wa s very little formal structur e by wa y of military rank in Viking armies. As a rule the t erm dreng is applied to a young warrior, and ðegn to a more matur e m emb er of a boat' s crew. The only two s pecificall y military po sts ref err e d to at th e tim e were th e merkismat hr , th e s tandard b earer (an honour e d position sin ce man y Viking standards were said to have magical properti es), and th e sta ll ari or marshal - the king' s deputy in the field. In th e eleve nth centur y th e Nor se king s probably had an imme diate retinu e of about nin ety m en, excluding menial servants and hang ers on. Th ese w ere divide d into th e hirðmenn (house hold m en or h earthmen, i.e.; m e n who were privileged to b e s haring his hearth) and a low er cla ss called gestir literally guests, who se pay wa s half that of th e hirðmenn. Th e gestir had their own lead er, a ssembl y and quart er s. Th ey a ct ed a s a kind of police for ce , doing errand s for the king, ex ec uting his justice and coll ecting his taxes. T hey were not a popular group, and a lat er explanation of th eir name is that they were 'unwelcom e gu est s' in many a house! The hirðmenn wer e hand- picked and well rewarde d. To be cho sen wa s a great honour and m eant acce ptance not onl y by th e oth er m emb ers, but by th e king. A hirðman paid homag e to the king and swor e lo yalty to him and the oth er hirðmenn. In Norwa y the hirðmenn maintained a ho spice for their old and infirm memb ers (a sort of earl y 'benevol ent fund' !). These m en w ere knit tog eth er by the personal bond th ey eac h had with th eir king or chieftain. 'T he king and ot her l eading men w h o had a hirð s houl d sh o w t heir men favour and good w i ll and give t hem t heir proper pay . In return men shoul d give t heir l ord l oya l ty and service and be prepared to do all his commands.'
