Hindu Temples

Submitted by: SONAL SHARMA AAYOJAN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE,JAIPUR

Page no.

1) INTR INTROD ODUC UCTI TION ON

1

2) MA MAP P OF OF IND INDIA IA

2

3) NORT NORTHER HERN N HINDU HINDU STYLE STYLE Characteristic Features

3-7

4)CENTRAL HINDU STYLE Characteristic Features

8-11

5)SOUTHERN HINDU STYLE Characteristic Features

12-17

6)GRADUAL CHANGES OVER PERIOD …..

18-26 18-26

 The Hindu religion has evolved due to the

combinations of faiths

of ARYANS and DRAVIDIANS.  In the

latter latter half of the fifth century, century, the temple structure was beginning to assume assume a prescribed prescribed form. form.

 Over

periods temples were either carved into rocks or excavated or built in conventional conventional fashion and all dedicated to Hindu pantheon.

 Temples

contain large internal spaces called.’tabernacles’,preceded by halls used for ritual, music and dance.

 Temples

are often decorated with ornaments and sculptures illustrating illustrating the great myths of the Hindu pantheon .

Hindu Architecture is subdivided into following 3 styles: I. NORTHERN HINDU ST STYLE

II.

CENTRAL HINDU STYLE

III. SOUTH HINDU STYLE

Ref: Great ages of W.Architecture W.Architecture

I. Northern Hindu Style /Indo-Aryan /Indo-Ar yan Style (A.D. 600 to the present day). started in the state of Kalinga(now Kalinga(now called Orissa). It started Most important temples are JA JAGANA GANATH TH TEMPLE at o PURI (1000A.D) built by Mahasivagupta Yayati II and the SUN TEMPLE at KONARAK(1250A.D.) KONARAK(1250A.D.) built by Narasinha I. Further the Northern Hindu Style was extended to o Rajputana, Gujarat and Deccan. o

SUN TEMPLE

JAGANATH JAGANATH TEMPLE

Characteristic Features:  The typical plan of the

temple is square the most basic.

 Inside the vimana

is a cella called ‘GARBHA GRIHA’ GRIHA’ and was entered by a doorway on its inner and usually eastern side.

 In front of the doorway was a hall called ‘MANDAPA’.

 The

pillars are notable notable for for their absense.

PLAN Ref:www.google.com

 The

temple rests on high platform called ‘PISTA’. SIKHARA

 The

sanctuary as a whole is known as the ’VIMANA’, of which the upper and pyramidal or tapering portion is called the ‘SIKHARA’



The interior is plain, featureless but exterior walls are ornamented.

NARAGA TEMPLE IN ORISSA Ref: Hindu India

PISTA

LINGARAJA TEMPLE IN BHUBANESHWAR

BHOG-MANDIR NAT-MANDIR ASSEMBLY HALL

Due to religious ritual development other buildings were added in front,in one axial line such as’ BHOG-MANDIR BHOG-MAN DIR in front followed by ‘NAT‘NAT-MANDIR’.

SECTION

PILLARS

HALL

PLAN

SIDE VIEW

LAD KHAN (600-650 A.D.)

GALLERY

EMBRYONIC SIKHARA

PLAN

DURGA TEMPLE (675-725 A.D.)

SIDE VIEW

Characteristic Feature:  In this period combined features of contemporary north and

south indian style were seen.  Plans changed into a star-shape stellate plan by means

of

number of recesses,offsets.(16 POINT STAR)

KESHAVA TEMPLE AT SOMNATHPUR(1268)

PLAN OF HOYSALEWAR TEMPLE (KARNAT (KARNATAKA) (1050-1300) (1050- 1300)



‘SIKHARAS’

are missing in many

temples.

 Notable feature feature

of this this style are the bracket figures called, ‘MADANIKAS’ which depict women dancing or playing music instrument.

TELE TEMPLE IN GWALIOR(M.P)

 The flat ceilings are highly ornate.

 Artistic importance is given to the door-

ways of main entrance . Ref: G.A.O.W.A.

11.

Characteristic Features:  Temple consists of ‘GARBHA‘GARBHA -GRIHA’

with a mantapa /open

porch.  The shrine

containing the ‘GARBHA‘GARBHA-GRIHA’ is crowned with steeply tapering 'SIKHARA’ formed by a horizontal system of ornamented storeyed towers.

 The mantapa is

provided with flatter pyramidal covering.

 The temple has an ambulatory consisting of an enclosed

corridor around the outside of the ‘GARBHA‘GARBHA-GRIHA’.

NARAGA TEMPLE IN ORISSA

SHRINE CROWNED WITH STEEPLY TAPERING ‘SIKHARA ’ ENCLOSED CORRIDOR AROUND ‘GARBHA‘GARBHA-GRIHA’

 Later on the temples were added with many pillared

mantapas called, called,’ THOUSAND THO USAND PILLARED MANTAP MANTAPAS’ AS’ for special rituals ,dance and music recitals. features of  Pillars were outstanding features

.

RAMESHWARAM TEMPLE

this style

 Another

important addition is the ‘KALYAN‘KALYAN-MANTAPA’ placed towards towards the left and in front of the entrance .

 It is an open canopied pillared pavilion with a throne in

the centre over a raised raised platform platform for annaul celebration of the marriage ceremony of the deity.

 Temples

were expanded with courtyard called, called, ’PRAKARAS’

 Dwellings for various grades of priests were provided in the

courtyard.  Temples were built on

top of hills so as to guide the pilgrim to the temple from miles away.

COURTYARD

LATERAL ELEVATION & PLAN OF THE KESHAVA TEMPLE AT SOMNATHPUR NEAR MYSORE,IT COMPRISES OF 64 CELLS TO ACCOMMODATE PRIESTS & PILGRIMS.

Ref: Indian Architecture

THE TIGER CAVE AT MAMALLAPURAM(7 TH  CENTURY)

DRAUPADI RATHA AT MAMALLAPURAM (7TH CENTURY)

IT IS A MONOLITH CARVED FROM A ROCK

ARJUNA RATHA AT MAMALLAPURAM (7TH CENTURY)

IT IS CROWNED BY AN OCTAGONAL MONOLITH DOME

BHIMA RATHA AT MAMALLAPURAM (7 TH  CENTURY) 24.

STANDING ONE BEHIND THE OTHER, THE TOWERS OF ‘SHORE TEMPLE’ AT

MAMALLAPURAM

STEPPED ROOF STOREYS DECORATED WITH MINIATURE BUILDINGS.

KAILASANATHA TEMPLE AT KANCHIPURAM

FIRST HYPOSTYLE HYPOSTYL E HALL LEADS THROUGH TO A SECOND AND HENCE ‘GRABHA‘GRABHA-GRIHA’.



THE GREAT AGES OF WORLD ARCHITECTURE -G.K. HIRASKAR.



HINDU INDIA

-HENRI STIERLIN



Indian Architecture(Buddhist Architecture(Bu ddhist & Hindu Periods) ( Part 1 & Part 2)

-PERCY BROWN



www.google.com 27.

THANK YOU