Mklkibsyx oy Dkxmod` Fsx B MklkMkb} F Polloc Ebvxod Czcv hb, od czcv byqcix kj xmc echob, ks poll fc vceodhch kj xmc mklkibsyx kj Pkvlh Pbv OO bdh xmc hbeb`c ox hoh xk kdc `vksq kj qckqlc$ _ks bvc ysqqkych xk jccl `solx bdh c}isyc bpb bdxmod` xmcyc qckqlc, pmk bvc qkvxvbch by xmc kdl zoixoey, dkp hk xk ykiocx$ _ks bvc dkx xk ecdxokd kxmcvy, ysim by xmc Qklcy, Vsyyobdy bdh @qyocy pmk ysjjcvch crsbll oj dkx ekvc, jkv xmbx pkslh hcxvbix jvke xmc loc poxm pmoim xmc vcyx kj msebdox oy fcod` fsvhcdch$ Ysvc, xcvvofl czol xmod`y mbqqcd od pbv, fsx ox oy czcd ekvc xcvvoflc xk bllkp locy xk fc cefclloymch bdh sych xk qvkekxc `solx, eoysdhcvyxbdhod`, flbinebol bdh ekvc czol$ Ykkdcv kv lbxcv, xmcvc poll fc b pkvlhpohc ikdjvkdxbxokd bvoyod` jvke xmoy hcicox, bdh xmc lobvy poll ikec kjj ycikdh fcyx$ Ox oy jkv xmoy vcbykd O mbzc vcqvkhsich b ycixokd kj kdc kj ksv fkkny mcvc7 Blbd Hcvymkpoxw fcloczcy xmbx bll Becvoibd Gcpy ymkslh xmodn kj xmceyclzcy by zoixoey kj xmc Mklkibsyx> moy vbxokdblc oy xmbx xmc pcvc slxoebxcl xbv`cxy kj xmc Mklkibsyx$ Fsx, xmc Mklkibsyx oy czcd fo``cv xmbd xmbx xk xmc Wokdoyxy> xmc pbdx czcvkdc xk fcloczc xmbx bll pvkd` oy hkdc xk xmc Gcpy, bdh dk pvkd` oy hkdc f xmc Gcpy$ Bdh, xmcvc oy b vcbykd jkv xmoy$ Vkfcvx Jbsvoyykd kfycvzcy, &Cloc Pocycl pkd xmc Dkfcl Qcbic Qvowc od 2?=:$ Mc oy `cdcvbll biicqxch by b poxdcyy xk xmc Gcpoym ”Mklkibsyx,‟ bdh, ekvc yqciojoibll, by b poxdcyy xk xmc lc`cdhbv Dbwo c}xcveodbxokd `by imbefcvy$$$$& Fsx od pmbx vcyqcix oy Cloc Pocycl b poxdcyy xk xmc bllc`ch `by imbefcvy; F pmbx vo`mx hkcy mc byn sy xk fcloczc od xmbx ecbdy kj c}xcveodbxokd; Od bd bsxkfok`vbqmoibl fkkn xmbx ysqqkychl hcyivofcy moy c}qcvocdicy bx Bsyimpoxw bdh Fsimcdpblh, mc dkpmcvc ecdxokdy xmc `by imbefcvy$ Mc hkcy odhcch yb xmbx xmc @cvebdy c}cisxch Gcpy, fsx$$$f jovc> f xmvkpod` xmce blozc odxk jlbeod` hoximcy, fcjkvc xmc zcv ccy kj xmc hcqkvxccy" Dk lcyy xmbd xmbx" Mcvc Pocycl xmc jblyc poxdcyy mbh ykec fbh lsin$ Jkvich xk imkkyc jvke bekd` yczcvbl Blloch pbv qvkqb`bdhb locy, mc imkyc xk hcjcdh xmc jovc loc odyxcbh kj xmc fkolod` pbxcv, `byyod`, kv clcixvkisxokd locy$ Od 2?3:, pmcd mc qsfloymch moy xcyxoekd od _ohhoym, xmc jovc loc pby yxoll blozc od icvxbod iovilcy$ Xmoy loc oy xmc kvo`od kj xmc xcve Mklkibsyx$ Xkhb xmcvc oy dk lkd`cv b yod`lc moyxkvobd pmk fcloczcy xmbx Gcpy pcvc fsvdch blozc$ Xmc exmy kj xmc fkolod` pbxcv bdh kj clcixvkisxokd mbzc blyk hoybqqcbvch$ Kdl xmc `by vcebody$ Xmc `byyod` loc pby yqvcbh f xmc Becvoibdy$ Xmc loc xmbx Gcpy pcvc nollch f fkolod` pbxcv kv yxcbe -yqciojoibll bx Xvcflodnb/ pby yqvcbh f xmc Qklcy$ Xmc clcixvkisxokd loc pby yqvcbh f xmc Ykzocxy$& _cy, xmcyc bvc bll Mklkibsyx locy$ &Xmc jovc loc oy kj sdhcxcveodch kvo`od$ Ox oy od b ycdyc by klh by pbv qvkqb`bdhb kv mbxc qvkqb`bdhb, gsyx lonc xmc jblyc byycvxokd kj msebd -Gcpoym/ ynod fcod` sych xk ebnc lbeq ymbhcy$ Od moy ecekov, Do`mx, pmoim oy b zcvyokd kj moy cbvlocv _ohhoym xcyxoekd, Pocycl vcqkvxy xmbx bx Bsyimpoxw xmcvc pby kdc jlbeod` hoxim jkv xmc bhslxy bdh bdkxmcv kdc jkv fbfocy$ Mc pvoxcy7 ”Dkx jbv jvke sy, jlbecy pcvc lcbqod` jvke b hoxim, `o`bdxoi jlbecy$ Xmc Qb`c | 2
pcvc fsvdod` ykecxmod`$ B lkvv hvcp sq bx xmc qox bdh hclozcvch oxy lkbh % loxxlc imolhvcd$ Fbfocy" _cy, O ybp ox % ybp ox poxm e kpd ccy$$$xmkyc imolhvcd od xmc jlbecy$'& Dkdc kj xmoy czcv mbqqcdch$ Bdh, cx, ysim locy mbzc cbvdch Pocycl xmc Dkfcl Qcbic Qvowc, bdh ebhc ox &bdxo%Yceoxoi& bdh czcd ollc`bl xk yoeql xcll xmc xvsxm bfksx xmc Mklkibsyx$ Pm mbzc locy ysqcvychch xvsxm; Bdh, ekvc yqciojoibll, pmk fcdcjoxy jvke xmc loc; By pc mbzc kfycvzch, czcv loc od xmc czol Wokdoyx%ikdxvkllch yyxce oy hcyo`dch xk c}qlkox> czcv loc nccqy _bmpcm'y yyxce kj czol ycisvcl od qlbic$ Od xmoy pkvlh, czcvxmod` kj zblsc oy kjjcvch sq xk _bmpcm f xmc Wokdoyxy, by b &fsvdx kjjcvod`$& &Mklkibsyx& ecbdy fsvdx kjjcvod`> ox oy xmc qcvqcxsbxokd kj xmc ollsyokd bdh xmc clczbxokd kj xmc loc xk xmc lczcl kj ysqvcec xvsxm, vclo`oksyl$ Xmc jbix oy, xmc Mklkibsyx oy bfksx ekdc, lc`oxoebi jkv Oyvbcl, bdh xmc xkxbl hcdobl kj bd ekvbl jbolod`y -kv czoldcyy/ od xmc Gcpoym qckqlc$ Gcpy bvc ksxvb`ch pmcd ox oy ecdxokdch xmbx ebd `qyocy bdh Vsyyobdy ysjjcvch xmc ybec jbxc by Gcpy, fcibsyc xk ikeqbvc b ysf%msebd xk b Gcp oy sdyqcbnbflc$ Xmc Gcpoym yivoqxsvc hcilbvcy xmbx xmc lojc kj b Gcp oy xmc ekyx qvoiclcyy xmod` xk &`kh& bdh xmc lojc kj b dkd%Gcp kv &`k& oy pkvxmlcyy$ Xmc Gcpy mbzc b moyxkv kj ivod` &mklkibsyx$& Xmc Xblesh ioxcy c}beqlcy kj ebd follokdy kj Gcpy fcod` nollch -odilshod` imolhvcd fcod` fsvdch/$ Dcchlcyy xk yb, xmcvc mbzc dczcv fccd xmbx ebd Gcpy kd xmc jbic kj xmc cbvxm$ Xmc ybec jblyojoibxokd bdh cefclloymecdx oy xvsc poxm vc`bvh xk xmc &mklkibsyx& kj Pkvlh Pbv OO$ Ebd Gcpy hoch, fsx dkx xmc yo} eollokd xmbx oy ilboech$ Qcvmbqy b eollokd hoch, dkdc jvke `by imbefcvy$ Vch Ivkyy hkisecdxbxokd pmoim Gcpoym ikdxvkllcvy vcjsyc xk vclcbyc, oy ysyqcixch kj ys``cyxod` xmbx ykec 211,111 pcvc lkyx$ By moyxkvobd Hbzoh Ovzod` bdh ebd kxmcvy mbzc vo`mxl kfycvzch, xmcvc dczcv pcvc `by imbefcvy bx xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$ Bdh, ox pkslh mbzc fccd oeqkyyoflc jkv xmc @cvebdy xk mbzc `byych bdh xmcd fsvdch 26,111 Gcpy czcv hb$ Vcqkvxy f ikdicdxvbxokd ibeq ysvzozkvy xmbx xcll kj xmc `sbvhy `kod` odxk &`by imbefcvy& by ykkd by kdc fbxim kj Gcpy mbh fccd nollch, ilcbvod` ksx xmc fkhocy, bdh xmcd jollod` xmc vkke b`bod bvc qbxcdxl jblyc % xmc `sbvhy -dkdc kj pmke pby vcqkvxch xk mbzc pkvd b ebyn/ pkslh mbzc odyxbdxl hoch, yodic ibdohc hkcy dkx hoyyoqbxc kv hoybqqcbv od b jcp eodsxcy$ Blyk, xmcvc pkslh mbzc fccd fkdcy bdh bymcy xk ymkp, poxm ibdohc vcyohsc$ Dkdc kj xmoy oy jksdh$ Czcd xmc Bsyimpoxw Ecekvobl pmoim kdic yxbxch xmbx yo} eollokd Gcpy mbh hoch dkp yxbxcy xmbx qcvmbqy b eollokd hoch$ Xmc qlbrsc mby fccd blxcvch jvke yo} xk kdc eollokd$ Xmbx fcod` yboh, czcd b eollokd hcbh qckqlc oy b lkx$ Xmc hc`vcc kj ysjjcvod` xmc c}qcvocdich, bdh xmc xvcbxecdx xmc vcicozch jvke mbxcjsl, czol Dbwoy pby b jbix$ _cx, xmbx hkcy dkx c}isyc bll kj xmc czoly bdh pvkd`y ikeeoxxch f xmc zoixkvy, pmk jovc%fkefch iozolobd qkqslbxokdy od @cvebd bdh Gbqbd, bdh hvkqqch bxkeoi fkefy kd ioxocy od Gbqbd, fcjkvc cdhod` xmc pbv$ Xmc odxcdxokdbl ebyybivod` kj eollokdy kj iozolobdy f xmc Blloch zoixkvy pby icvxbodl b pbv ivoec, bdh qcvmbqy kj lbv`cv oeqbix xmbd pmbx mbqqcdch xk xmc Gcpy$ Pbv oy b xcvvoflc xmod`, bdh xmks`m ox oy bd sdpvoxxcd bdh sdyqkncd qkloi, iozolobd qkqslbxokdy bvc xbv`cxch bdh ylbs`mxcvch od xmc pkvyx pb, xk pcbncd xmc ekvblc kj xmc kqqkyoxokd$ Pbv oy dkx gsyx jks`mx f yklhocv b`bodyx yklhocv, poxm ykec nodh kj fksdhbv b`bodyx iozolobdy$ _cx, ox oy blpby xmc zoixkvy pmk pvoxc xmc moyxkv> xmc bvc blpby od xmc vo`mx, bdh xmc lkycvy bvc blpby od xmc pvkd`$ Pbv oy dkx flbin bdh pmoxc, xvsxm oy oxy jovyx ibysblx, bdh pmbx oy pvoxxcd od moyxkv bdh od xmc dcpy mby loxxlc ikvvclbxokd poxm xmc xvsxm$ Qb`c | 6
Gcpoym fbdncvy jsdhch xmc Dbwoy, bdh xmc Wokdoyxy jocvicl qvcyysvch Pcyxcvd dbxokdy xk nccq Gcpy jvke fcod` bflc xk lcbzc @cvebd fcjkvc xmc pbv fc`bd$ Jkv qcvzcvyc qkloxoibl bdh cikdkeoi vcbykdy, xmc Wokdoyxy hoh dkx pbdx xmc Gcpy xk `k xk jvcc dbxokdy, fsx vbxmcv mbh xmc yod`lc%eodhch kfgcixozc kj ilboeod` Qblcyxodc by xmc Gcpoym yxbxc$ Fcibsyc xmc ikslh dkx jkvic xmc ivcbxokd kj Oyvbcl fcjkvc xmc pbv, xmc vcbhol ybivojoich xmc lozcy kj xmcov &lcyycv fvcxmvcd& jkv xmc &`vcbxcv ibsyc&7 Oyvbcl$ Xmcvc bvc ebd qckqlc pmk mklh xmbx bll ebgkv pbvy od xmc lbyx jcp icdxsvocy mbzc fccd odyxo`bxch f, jsdhch f, bdh qvkjoxch f, xmc Wokdoyx odxcvdbxokdbl fbdncvy$ Jovyx, xmc odyxo`bxc pbvy$ Xmcd, hsvod` xmc pbv, xmc lkbd ms`c ysey kj ekdc, bdh ebnc cdkveksy qvkjoxy od xmcov eoloxbv%odhsyxvobl qvkhsixokd$ Bjxcv xmc pbv, xmc fs sq qvkqcvx bdh odhsyxv bx qcddocy kd xmc hkllbv od xmc lkycv dbxokdy$ Xmoy qkloi kj cikdkeoi ikdrscyx oy dkx kdl b jbixkv od pbv> ox oy mkp xmc czcvhb cikdke kqcvbxcy, pkvlhpohc, xkhb$ Xmc Wokdoyxy ikdxvkl xmc cikdkeocy, `kzcvdecdxy, bdh b`vccecdxy+ikdjloixy fcxpccd ebgkv dbxokdy$ Xmc ikdxvkl xmc hbol cikdke, odjlbxokd, bdh hcjlbxokd$ Xmc cd`b`ch od cikdkeoi pbv od ivcbxod` xmc @vcbx Hcqvcyyokd od xmc SY, od pmoim xmc kfxbodch zbyx beksdxy kj qvkqcvx bdh fsyodcyy f jkvcilkyod` kd ekvx`b`cy bdh hcfx$ Bdh, xmc mbzc qlsdhcvch xmc vcyksvicy kj Xmovh Pkvlh dbxokdy, zob xmc oyysbdic kj hcfx -lkbdy/ pmoim ibddkx fc qboh fbin hsc xk sysvoksy odxcvcyx vbxcy$ Pc dcch xk sdhcvyxbdh xmbx dkxmod` od xmoy pkvlh &gsyx mbqqcdy,& cyqciobll dkx `lkfbl czcdxy$ Czcvxmod` mby b vcbykd bdh b qsvqkyc fcmodh ox$ Xmcvc bvc jkvicy xmbx ikdxvkl bll xmbx mbqqcdy od xmoy pkvlh, bdh xmcvc oy bd sdyccd &ymbhkp `kzcvdecdx$& Ox sycy xmc ebyycy kv &ymccq& by ibddkd jkhhcv hsvod` pbv, bdh xk `bod yeqbxm bdh jodbdiobl boh$ Pc bvc xklh xmbx pc ibddkx jkv`cx xmc Mklkibsyx, xmks`m pc hoyeoyy bll kxmcv `cdkiohc xmbx mby kiisvvch xk bll kxmcv vbiobl `vksqy xmvks`mksx moyxkv$ Pm oy xmbx; Pm oy xmcvc dk qsfloi vclbxokdy bixokd xk ecekvoblowc xmc eollokdy kj Pmoxcy pmk pcvc ylbs`mxcvch od xmc ylbzc fsyodcyy> P oy xmcvc dk ecdxokd kj xmc eollokdy kj Ibefkhobdy % dcbvl mblj xmcov qkqslbxokd % pmk pcvc ylbs`mxcvch f Qkl Qkx> kv xmc xpcdx eollokd Vsyyobdy nollch od Pkvlh Pbv OO; Pm oy ox xmbx pmbx mbqqcdy xk xmcyc kxmcv `vksqy hkcyd'x ycce xk ebxxcv; Jkv xmc bdypcv, pc dcch xk kdl lkkn xk Gcpoym qvkqb`bdhb bdh yivoqxsvbl hk`eb7 xmc lojc kj b Gcp ebxxcvy, kdl b Gcp oy b msebd fcod`> xmc dkd%Gcpy hk dkx ebxxcv, xmcov lozcy bvc pkvxmlcyy$ Xmc echob bvc ikdxvkllch f xmc Wokdoyxy, bdh fcibsyc ekyx kj xmce bvc Gcpoym xmc bvc `vcbxl odzcyxch od xmc yxkv kj xmc Gcpy$ Xmc vcbhol qvkekxc joixokd kzcv jbix, xmc loc kzcv xmc xvsxm od bll kxmcv bvcby, yk pm dkx od xmoy bvcb % od pmoim xmc mbzc ysim yxvkd` cekxokdbl bdh jodbdiobl odxcvcyx; Ikdxvbhoixod` xmc Mklkibsyx locy oy ollc`bl od ykec iksdxvocy -ibllch bd bix kj vbiobl mbxvch bdh zolojoibxokd, hcjbeod` xmc hcbh, bdh bdxo%Yceoxoye/$ Xmc echob rsoinl lbfcl bd lcyy xmbd `lkvojod` xvsxm bfksx xmc Gcpy by bdxo%Yceoxoye$ Bdh, xmoy, ekvc xmbd bdxmod`, mby `ozcd xmc czol Wokdoyxy xmc `vcbxcyx ikzcv bdh jvcchke jvke qsfloi yivsxod$ Qb`c | 9
Xmc bvc bflc xk `k bfksx xmcov b`cdhb kj pkvlh hkeodbxokd bdh ikdxvkl poxm oeesdox jvke echob bxxcdxokd$ Oj ks hksfx xmoy, gsyx imcin xk ycc xmc lbyx xoec xmc Vkxmyimolhy bdh Vkincjcllcvy mcbhch xmc Jkvfcy loyx kj voimcyx qckqlc od xmc pkvlh$ Vbxmcv xmbd mklhod` hkpd xmc xkq yqkxy hsc xk xmcov cdkveksy bdh isddod`l ikdicblch pcblxm, xmc bvc dkx czcd kd xmc loyx$ Xmc echob vcjsyc xk bindkplch`c xmc qkpcv, pcblxm, bsxmkvox, bdh ikdxvkl xmbx xmc Wokdoyxy xvsl mbzc od xmoy pkvlh, fcibsyc oj xmc hoh, xmcd ykec bxxcdxokd pkslh fc hovcixch xmcov pb pmcd qckqlc hoyisyy pmbx oy pvkd` poxm xmoy pkvlh % bdh pm$ Xmc mbzc ycx xmod`y sq, bdh ikdxvkllch xmod`y yk pcll, xmbx xmc dczcv vcicozc xmoy fbh qsfloiox$ Odyxcbh, xmc qkvxvb xmceyclzcy by qmolbdxmvkqoyxy bdh fcdcjbixkvy kj bll ebdnodh % pmke xmc xmodn kj by bdoebly, bdh `lbhl ybivojoic by &fsvdx kjjcvod`y& xk xmcov flkkh%xmovyx bdh czol &`kh& _bmpcm -Gcmkzbm/$ Xmc Dbwoy bllkpch b ymoq jsll kj Gcpy xk lcbzc @cvebd, xk ycc oj bdkxmcv iksdxv pkslh fc pollod` xk biicqx Gcpoym vcjs`ccy$ Fsx, czcv iksdxv, odilshod` xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy, vcjsych xk lcx xmc qbyycd`cvy hoycefbvn$ Fcibsyc kj xmoy pkvlhpohc Wokdoyx qkloi kj vcjsyod` xk biicqx Gcpy bdpmcvc % fcibsyc kj xmcov hcyovc xk ilboe Oyvbcl by xmc mkeclbdh kj xmc Gcpy % ebd Gcpy pcvc ybivojoich jkv xmc qkloxoibl Wokdoyx ibsyc$ Xmc ymoqlkbh kj Gcpy pby jkvich xk vcxsvd, ybivojoich by bdkxmcv fsvdx kjjcvod` xk xmc `vcbxcv `lkv kj _bmpcm$ M$@$ Pclly dkxch, &Wokdoye oy bd c}qvcyyokd kj Gcpoym vcjsybl xk byyoeolbxc$ Oj xmc Gcpy mbzc ysjjcvch, ox oy fcibsyc xmc mbzc vc`bvhch xmceyclzcy by b imkycd qckqlc$& Xmc Wokdoyx lcbhcvy kj xmc Gcpoym ikeesdox mbzc vcqcbxchl, moyxkvoibll, cdysvch xmc ysjjcvod` kj xmcov lcyycv fvcxmvcd$ Ox oy xmc pmk mbzc ybivojoich xmc `kkh bdh oddkicdx bekd` xmc Gcpy, pollod`l, ikdyioksyl, ecxmkhoibll, yk xmbx xmc ikslh oeqlcecdx xmcov kpd, yclj%ycvzod`, czol b`cdhb$ -Mklkibsyx Jbix bdh Joixokd Qvcycdxch f7 Bddpd Qsfloibxokdy Q K Fk} 6= Eblbdhb, RLH, Bsyxvblob, 8==3/ Oj ks pbdx qvkkj xmbx O be vo`mx, gsyx pbxim xmc gcpy mbzc b jox bfksx xmcyc qkyxy> fcibsyc oj xmc locy xmbx xmc mbzc jkyxcvch bfksx xmc MklkMkb} pcvc xvsc xmcd xmc pkslh jodbdic bd bdh bll vcqsxbflc yiocdxoyxy xk c}beodc bll vcikvhy bdh czohcdic> xmc pkslh mbzc bfyklsxcl dk qvkflce poxm bdkdc c}beodod` xmc czohcdic$ Fsx fcibsyc ox oy b loc bdh b Mkb} xmc hcd bdkdc, oj xmc ibd, pmk xvocy xk hk vcycbvim kd xmc ysfgcix$ Xmcvcjkvc, f xmcov kpd hcdobly xmc qvkzc xmbx ox pby b Mkb}$ Xmcvc mbzc fccd ebd xcvvoflc &Mklkibsyxy$& Xmc pkvyx O ndkp kj oy xmc 31 eollokd qlsy Vsyyobdy esvhcvch f xmc Ikeesdoyxy pmk vslch Vsyyob -xmc Ykzocx Sdokd/$ Jkvx cbvy qvczoksyl -xk 2?20 Fklymczon Vczklsxokd/ Hkyxkczyn mbh qvchoixch xmbx Ykiobloye pkslh ikyx Vsyyob kdc msdhvch eollokd zoixoey$ Bx xmc xoec ox yccech bd oeqvkfbflc jo`svc$ Lcx ec vcikeecdh xmc Fvoxoym qvcyy xk birsbodx oxy vcbhcvy poxm xmc oeqbvxobl xmvcc%qb`c vcqkvx kj xmc Vsyyobd yxbxoyxoiobd, Qvkjcyykv Ozbd Nsv`bdkz$ Ox pby qsfloymch od xmc Pcyx xpclzc cbvy b`k, fsx, by oy yk kjxcd xmc ibyc poxm ebxxcvy kj ykiobl yo`dojoibdic, pc kdl xbnc ik`dowbdic kj xmod`y xmbx hk dkx vsd iksdxcv xk ksv kpd jcclod`y$ Jvke Qvkjcyykv Nsv`bdkz'y bdblyoy pc lcbvd xmbx oj Hkyxkczyn cvvch, mc cvvch kd xmc yohc kj sdhcvyxbxcecdx$ Jvke 2?20 xk 2?3? Ykiobloye ikyx xmc Ykzocx Sdokd b msdhvch bdh xcd eollokd lozcy" -Xmcyc &lozcy& pcvc jkv xmc ekyx qbvx Imvoyxobdy$/ -B$ Yklwmcdoxyd, &Xmc Pcyx'y Fcxvbbl kj Iozolowbxokd&, q$ 3%:, b F$F$I$ bhhvcyy, Ebvim 6:, 2?0:/ Xmoy oy b vcbll fo` xoec &Mklkibsyx& oj dsefcvy ebnc b hojjcvcdic$ Pm oy ox xmbx pc dczcv ycc bdxmod` bfksx xmoy &Mklkibsyx& od bd ebodyxvcbe echob, XZ kv Mkllpkkh ekzoc; Qb`c | 8
Xmc dc}x fo``cyx &Mklkibsyx& O ndkp bfksx oy xmc kdc xmbx kiisvvch od Ebk'y Vch Imodb$ E 2??1 &@soddcyy Fkkn kj Pkvlh Vcikvhy& yxbxcy kd q$ 9:0 xmbx hsvod` xmc vc`oec kj Ebk Ebk Xyc%xsd` -2?8?%2?:3/ fcxpccd 96$63 bdh :2$0 pcvc &nollch f `kzcvdecdx jkvicy& biikvhod` xk bd cyxoebxc f xmc SY Ycdbxc Gshoiobv Ikeeoxxcc$ O mbzc yccd cyxoebxcy esim lbv`cv xmbd xmoy$ &Nollch f `kzcvdecdx jkvicy& esyx lcbzc ksx ebd eollokdy pmk yxbvzch by b hovcix vcyslx kj odybdc Ikeesdoyx qkloiocy ysim by xmc &@vcbx Lcbq Jkvpbvh' hsvod` pmoim ebd ynollch jbvecvy pcvc mcvhch odxk &yxccl eolly& pmcvc xmc &qvkhsich& qvkho`oksy beksdxy kj yxccl f eclxod` xkkly, oeqblcecdxy, ncxxlcy, qkxy, qbdy, cxi$ odxk &yxccl$& Xmc vcyslxod` jbeodc hsc xk b `vcbx ymkvxb`c kj jbvecvy ibsych xmc hcbxmy kj ebd eollokdy kj Imodcyc qckqlc dkx &nollch f `kzcvdecdx jkvicy$& Yk mkp ebd qckqlc pcvc esvhcvch f xmc Ikeesdoyxy od xmc Vch Imodcyc &Mklkibsyx$& Dk kdc ndkpy jkv ysvc, fsx ox pby ebd xoecy : eollokd$ B`bod, xmoy oy dczcv ecdxokdch od xmc ebodyxvcbe echob, kv pcqx kzcv od XZ qvk`vbey kv Mkllpkkh ekzocy$ Xmc 96$63 xk :2$0 eollokd -qlsy ebd eollokdy ekvc/ bvc jkv`kxxcd hcbh$ Ox oy cyxoebxch xmbx kzcv 81,111,111 -xmbx'y JKVX_ EOLLOKD"/ sdfkvd imolhvcd mbzc fccd nollch f bfkvxokd &Hkixkvy& od xmc SY yodic Vkc z$ Pbhc$ -2?09/ Dkp xmbx'y b vcbl MKLKIBSYX, fsx dkx kdc pcqx kzcv f XZ, Mkllpkkh, cxi$ Xmc echob kdl ceqmbyowcy b &pkebd'y vo`mx xk imkkyc$& Ox mkvvojocy ec czcd xk ikdxceqlbxc mkp ebd ekvc imolhvcd mbzc fccd nollch f bfkvxokdoyxy od dsecvksy kxmcv iksdxvocy$ Bx lcbyx ? eollokd @cvebd qckqlc hoch jvke yxbvzbxokd, c}qkysvc, cxi$ bjxcv xmc Vsyyobd bveocy hvkzc xmce ksx kj xmcov mkecy od @cvebd'y cbyxcvd qvkzodicy bx xmc cdh kj Pkvlh Pbv OO$ Bjxcv xmc @cvebdy ysvvcdhcvch xk xmc Bllocy od Eb kj 2?83, eollokdy kj @cvebd yklhocvy pcvc vksdhch sq bdh cdilkych od fbvfch povc ibeqy$ Xmc pcvc ibllch &hoybvech cdce jkvicy$& Xmoy ecbdx xk Coycdmkpcv bdh moy fkyycy -Vkkyczclx, Ekv`cdxmbs, bdh Xvsebd -bll gcpy/, cxi$/ bdh moy ecd pmk oeqvoykdch xmcyc HCJ'y xmbx xmc hoh dkx mbzc xk bfohc f xmc @cdczb ikdzcdxokd yodic xmc pcvc dkx QKP'y$ O mbzc qoixsvcy kj msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj xmcyc ecd od b fbvfch povc cdilkysvc, yxbdhod` vkke kdl$ Jbeol ecefcvy kj xmcyc ecd pkslh ikec poxm jkkh bdh pbxcv fsx pcvc hvozcd bpb f blloch yklhocvy poxm ebimodc `sdy$ Mkp lkd` ibd msebd fcod`y lozc od ysim sdymclxcvch cdilkysvcy od esh sq xk xmcov ndccy poxm dk jkkh, pbxcv, ymclxcv, cxi; Kj iksvyc, dkx lkd`$ Fcxpccd kdc bdh xpk eollokd @cvebd ecd hoch od xmcyc zbyx esh qoxy$ Mbzc ks czcv yccd b yxkv bfksx xmoy vcbl mklkibsyx kd XZ, Mkllpkkh ekzocy, cxi; Dk$ Xmoy mklkibsyx oy jkv`kxxcd" Ebd @cvebdy, Cbyxcvd Csvkqcbdy, yclj%yxlch &Gcpy& bdh @qyocy pcvc yczcvcl eoyxvcbxch bdh hoch od Dbwo @cvebd$ Ebd odebxcy od xmc Dbwo pkvn ibeqy hoch kj yxbvzbxokd, xqmsy, bdh kxmcv hoycbycy$ Ox oy zcv hojjoislx xk xvbdyqkvx jkkh pmcd pmcd czcvxmod` xmbx ekzcy oy fkefch$ Ox oy hojjoislx xk qvkzohc ilcbd hvodnod` pbxcv pmcd bll pbxcv qsvojoibxokd qlbdxy mbzc fccd fkefch poxm xmc ohcb od eodh kj ibsyod` xmc zcv yqvcbh kj hoycbyc xmbx kiisvvch$ Hoh xmc `vcch odhsyxvobloyxy qvkjoxod` jvke xmcyc pkvn ibeqy pbdx xmcov lbfkv jkvic xk hoc kv fc &`byych$& Dkx oj pmbx O mbzc vcbh bfksx xmcov xqc mby bd zblohox$ Mkpczcv, oj dsefcvy ebnc bd hojjcvcdic xk ks od vc`bvhy xk xmc &Mklkibsyx& xmbx oy &dczcv jkv`ozcd& bdh &dczcv jkv`kxxcd,& bdh oy vcqcbxchl ymkpd od hcxbol od iksdxlcyy XZ ymkpy bdh Mkllpkkh ekzocy bdh ecdxokdch kd bx lcbyx b pccnl fbyoy od ebodyxvcbe dcpyqbqcvy bdh eb`bwodcy qlcbyc vcbh kd$ Qb`c | 3
Yo} Eollokd Gcpy7 Eodoyxcvy kjxcd vcqcbx xmc Gcp yxkv xmbx “Moxlcv nollch yo} eollokd Gcpy,― cx xmc 2?9? Pkvlh Blebdbi ymkpy 23,:==,63? Gcpy od xmc pkvlh, bdh dodc cbvy lbxcv xmc Dcp _kvn Xoecy vcqkvxch xmcvc pcvc fcxpccd 23,:11,111 bdh 2=,011,111 Gcpy" Oj Moxlcv nollch : eollokd, mkp ikec xmcvc pcvc dk lcyy od 2?8= xmbd od 2?9?; Xmc ybec yksvicy vcqkvx xmc Gcpy od @cvebd od 2?9=, qvokv xk xmc ysqqkych nollod`y, xkxblch kdl 331,111 -µ eollokd/" Oj @cvebdy nollch 9=# kj bll xmc Gcpy od xmc pkvlh, hkcy xmbx ecbd xmc ?,:==,63? lcjx mbh yo} xk dodc eollokd imolhvcd od xmc dc}x dodc cbvy; Ox xbncy dkvebl qkqslbxokdy 211 cbvy xk hksflc‘mkp ikec &Gcpy& hoh ox od dodc; BDH XMCD DCZCV HOH OX B@BOD; -xmc qvcycdx pkvlh qkqslbxokd kj “Gcpy― oy bfksx xmc ybec by ox pby od 2?8=/ Pm hk eodoyxcvy vcqcbx xmoy Gcpoym qvkqb`bdhb loc xk xmcov jlkiny; ^Bd Kqcd Lcxxcv xk Bd Eodoyxcv Pmk Pmk Xcbimcy “xmc Gcpy Bvc Oyvbcl$― F Qbyxkv Ymclhkd Cecv, -pvoxxcd bjxcv 2?0:, ¯ hbxc dkx `ozcd/U _cy, xmcvc mbzc fccd ebd Mklkibsyxy$ O hk dkx hcd xmbx$ O ykvvkp kzcv xmcyc mklkibsyxy ekvc xmbd ekyx qckqlc O ndkp$ O pkvn xk qvczcdx isvvcdx bdh jsxsvc mklkibsyxy ndkpod` xmbx &xmkyc pmk hk dkx vcecefcv xmc qbyx bvc ikdhcedch xk vcqcbx ox$& -Podyxkd Qblecv/
Ekvc Gcpoym Locy C}qkych" Jkv ekvc xmbd jojx cbvy, yodic xmc cdh kj Pkvlh Pbv OO, xmc Xbleshoi, Wokdoyx Gcpy mbzc yks`mx xk ebdoqslbxc xmvks`m Gcpoym Ykioblowbxokd, Pmoxc Pcyxcvd qsfloi kqodokd f ivod`, &Qkkv, qcvycisxch Gcp,& pmolc yyxcebxoibll zoixoeowod` Pmoxc Imvoyxobd islxsvc$ Xmoy ikdyxoxsxcy b qcvjcix hcyivoqxokd kj xmc Gcpoym Ykioblowbxokd kv Gcpoym Ykiobloye$ Fkxm bxmcoyxoi, Gcpoym, Ykiobloye bdh bxmcoyxoi, Ikeesdoyx, Ykiobloye bvc ohcby qvchoibxch sqkd xmc qvbixoic kj cd`odccvod` ykiocx blkd` bxmcoyxoi bdh Gcpoym ohcby$ Xmoy mby fccd xmc ecxmkh kj kqcvbxokd kj xmc bxmcoyxoi, Xbleshoi, Wokdoyx Gcp czcd fcjkvc xmc jovyx icdxsv kv xmc xoec kj Imvoyx$
Xvsxm bx Lbyx7 Oyvbclo moyxkv xc}xfkkny bvc dkp fcod` vcpvoxxcd, vcqkvxy Cxmbd Fvkddcv od “Xmc Dcp _kvn Xoecy― -Bs`syx 28, 2???/ by b dcp `cdcvbxokd kj moyxkvobdy bvc vcqlbiod` exmy poxm jbixy bfksx xmc dbxokd‟y jksdhod`$ “Yimkklimolhvcd mbzc lkd` fccd xbs`mx xmbx Gcpy mbzc blpby fccd ysvvksdhch f cdceocy bdh xmbx xmcov zoixkv kzcv jozc Bvbf yxbxcy od xmc 2?8= Pbv kj Odhcqcdhcdic pby b dcp eovbilc kj Hbzoh%bdh%@klobxm qvkqkvxokdy$― Xmc Xoecy vcqkvxy$ “Fsx$$$dkp kjjoiobll bqqvkzch xc}xfkkny ebnc qlbod xmbx ebd kj xmc ekyx ikeekd Oyvbclo fclocjy bvc by esim exm by jbix$ Xmc dcp fkkny yb, jkv c}beqlc, xmbx ox pby xmc Oyvbcloy pmk mbh xmc eoloxbv ch`c od xmc Pbv kj Odhcqcdhcdic$― Xmc bheox xmbx Qblcyxodobdy hoh dkx zklsdxbvol lcbzc xmcov lbdh, by mby fccd xbs`mx, fsx xmbx xmc pcvc c}qcllch f Oyvbclo yklhocvy$ Kdc dodxm `vbhc xc}x, “Qbyyb`c Xk Xmc Qbyx,― ecdxokdy xmc 2?8= ebyybivc ibvvoch ksx f vbhoibl Wokdoyx jkvicy od xmc zollb`c kj Hcov _byyod$ Xmoy oy jvke b vcqkvx kj Xmc Becvoibd Iksdiol jkv Gshboye, Hcicefcv ??$ Od xmc Iksdioly qsfloibxokd, “Oyyscy,― oy xmc ysvqvoyod` bheoyyokd xmbx “xmc voyc kj xmc Mklkibsyx xk xmc xkq kj xmc Gcpoym b`cdhb pby f dk ecbdy b yqkdxbdcksy hczclkqecdx― fsx vbxmcv xmc “ikdycrscdic kj hcioyokdy ebhc f ikeesdbl lcbhcvy od vcyqkdyc xk xmcov bqqvboybly kj isvvcdx ikeesdbl dcchy― ecbdod` xmc dcch jkv ysqqkvx jkv Oyvbcl, by qkodxch ksx jsvxmcv od xmc bvxoilc7 Qb`c | :
Xmc bvxoilc yxbxcy, “C}beqlcy kj mkp xmc Mklkibsyx mby fccd sych by b pcbqkd xk qvkekxc qkloiocy jbzkvbflc xk Oyvbcl bvc c}xcdyozc$― _cx xk fc qsfloymch f xmc Iksdiol oy xmc jbix xmbx xmc : eollokd jo`svc oy b exm, odzcdxch od 2?83 f Llb Cmvcdfsv`, Yxblody Gcpoym qvkqb`bdhb imocj hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO$ Yodic xmcd xmc jo`svcy mbzc fccd yyxcebxoibll vchsich7 -2/ Eb 0, 2?837 Xmc Ykzocx Gcpoym bdxo%Jbyioyx Ikeeoxxcc bddksdich xmbx xmc dsefcv `byych bx Bsyimpoxw pby 8,11,111> -6/ Ycqxcefcv 2, 2??=7 Hovcixkv kj Mklkibsyx yxshocy, _chsmb Fbscv kj _bh Zbymce, Mklkibsyx Icdxcv bx Gcvsyblce, ycx xmc dsefcv kj hcbxmy bx Bsyimpoxw bx 2,:11,111> -9/ 2?=?7 Qvkjcyykv Vbsl Molfcv`, Qvkjcyykv kj Mklkibsyx Yxshocy od Xcl Bzoz, Oyvbcl, loyxy xmc Bsyimpoxw xkxbl bx 2,631,111> -8/ Gsl, 2??17 Qkloym Moyxkvobdy vcqlbich xmc qlbrsc bx Bsyimpoxw poxm b dcp kdc yxbxod` xmbx xmkyc pmk hoch kj bll ibsycy bdh kj bll dbxokdbloxocy oy 2,211,111> bdh -3/ Od 2??27 Eonmbol @kvfbimcz kqcdch xmc NF@ bvimozcy bdh `bzc Clowbfcxm Hklc xmc ikeqlcxc kjjoiobl @cvebd vc`oyxcv kj bll hcbxmy, pmoim xkxblch 08,111$ Dk `by imbefcv jkv xmc c}xcveodbxokd kj msebdy mby czcv fccd jksdh bx bd ibeq$
Xmc Gcp Coycdmkpcv'y Mklkibsyx" &@kh, O mbxc xmc @cvebdy$$$& -Hpo`mx Hbzoh Coycdmkpcv od b lcxxcv xk moy pojc od Ycqxcefcv, 2?88/ Jovyx, O pbdx ks xk qoixsvc ykecxmod` od ksv eodh$ _ks bvc b @cvebd yklhocv pmk ysvzozch xmvks`m xmc fbxxlcy kj Pkvlh OO$ _ks pcvc dkx vcbll qkloxoibll odzklzch, bdh ksv qbvcdxy pcvc blyk odhojjcvcdx xk qkloxoiy, fsx yshhcdl ksv chsibxokd pby odxcvvsqxch bdh ks pcvc hvbjxch odxk xmc @cvebd bve bdh xklh pmcvc xk jo`mx$ Dkp, od xmc Yqvod` kj 2?83, ks ycc xmbx ksv iksdxv mby fccd hcekloymch f xmc Bllocy, ksv ioxocy loc od vsody, bdh mblj kj ksv jbeol mby fccd nollch kv oy eoyyod`$ Dkp, ksv sdox oy fcod` ysvvksdhch, bdh ox oy jodbll xoec xk ysvvcdhcv$ Xmc jbix oy, xmcvc oy dk kxmcv imkoic$ Ox mby fccd b lkd`, iklh podxcv$ Xmc @cvebd bve vbxokdy mbzc dkx fccd bll xmbx `kkh, fsx ks ebdb`ch xk ysvzozc$ Yqvod` ibec lbxc xmbx cbv, poxm pccny kj iklh vbod pcbxmcv od hcekloymch Csvkqc$ _ksv fkkxy bvc xbxxcvch, ksv sdojkve oy jbllod` bqbvx, bdh xmc yxvcyy kj ysvvcdhcv bdh xmc ikdjsyokd xmbx locy bmcbh jkv ks mby ksv `sxy fcod` xkvd ksx$ Dkp, ox oy kzcv, ks esyx ysvvcdhcv kv fc ymkx$ Xmoy oy pbv bdh xmc vcbl pkvlh$ _ks bvc xbncd by b @cvebd Qvoykdcv kj Pbv odxk Becvoibd mbdhy$ Xmc Becvoibdy mbh 611 ysim Qvoykdcv kj Pbv ibeqy yibxxcvch bivkyy @cvebd$ _ks bvc ebvimch xk b ikeqksdh ysvvksdhch poxm fbvfch povc jcdicy by jbv by xmc cc ibd ycc$ Xmksybdhy sqkd xmksybdhy kj ksv jcllkp @cvebd yklhocvy bvc blvcbh od xmoy ebnc%ymojx ikvvbl$ _ks ycc dk czohcdic kj b lbxvodc bdh bjxcv xmvcc mksvy kj ebvimod` xmvks`m xmc esh kj xmc yqvod` vbod, xmc ikejkvx kj b lbxvodc oy sqqcv%ekyx od ksv eodh$ _ks bvc hvozcd xmvks`m xmc mcbzol `sbvhch `bxc bdh jodh ksvyclj jvcc xk ekzc bfksx, bdh ks fc`od xmc jsxolc ycbvim jkv xmc lbxvodc$ Jodbll, ks byn jkv hovcixokdy, bdh bvc odjkvech xmbx dk ysim ls}sv c}oyxy$
Qb`c | 0
Dk ekvc xoec$ _ks jodh b qlbic bdh yrsbx$ Jovyx ks pcvc c}mbsyxch, xmcd msd`v, xmcd jcbvjsl, bdh dkp> hovx$ Msdhvchy ekvc @cvebd qvoykdcvy bvc fcmodh ks, qsymod` ks kd, gbeeod` ks xk`cxmcv bdh bd h czcv kdc kj xmce ycbvimod` ycbvi mod` jkv xmc lbxvodc by ykkd y kkd by xmc ikslh hk yk$ Dkp, lbxc od xmc hb, xmcvc oy dk yqbic xk czcd yrsbx, esim lcyy yox hkpd xk vcyx ksv pcbv lc`y$ Dkdc kj xmc qvoykdcvy, ks rsoinl lcbvd, mbzc mbh bd jkkh xmbx hb, od jbix xmcvc pby dk jkkh pmolc od xmc Becvoibd mbdhy xmbx bd ysvzozod` qvoykdcv ibd xcyxoj xk$ Dk kdc mby cbxcd bd jkkh jkv pccny, bdh xmc bvc ylkpl yxbvzod` bdh hod`$ Fsx, xmc ibd'x hk xmoy xk sy" Xmcvc bvc xmc @cdczb Ikdzcdxokd vslcy jkv xmc xvcbxecdx kj Qvoykdcvy kj Pbv$ Xmcvc esyx fc ykec eoyxbnc" Mkqc ikdxodscy xmvks`m xmc do`mx, poxm dk ymclxcv jvke xmc iklh, foxod` vbod$ _ksv sdojkve oy ykqqod` pcx, bdh jkvecvl fvbzc yklhocvy bvc pccqod` bll bvksdh ks, by fshh bjxcv fshh hocy jvke xmc lbin kj jkkh, pbxcv, ylccq bdh ymclxcv jvke xmc pcbxmcv$ Bjxcv pccny kj xmoy, ksv kpd mkqc flcchy kjj odxk hcyqbov, bdh jodbll ks bixsbll fc`od xk cdz xmkyc pmk, mbzod` ysvvcdhcvch jovyx ebdmkkh bdh xmcd ho`dox, dkp blyk ysvvcdhcv lojc oxyclj$ Ekvc mkqclcyy pccny `k f$ Jodbll, xmc lbyx xmod` ks vcecefcv oy jbllod`, sdbflc xk `cx sq, bdh lod` jbic hkpd od xmc esh eo}ch poxm xmc c}ivcecdx kj xmkyc pmk mbzc `kdc fcjkvc$ _ksv fkh poll fc qoinch sq lkd` bjxcv ox oy iklh, bdh xbncd xk b yqciobl xcdx pmcvc ksv ilkxmod` oy yxvoqqch kjj$ Yk Yk xmbx ks poll fc rsoinl jkv`kxxcd, bdh dczcv b`bod ohcdxojoch, ksv hk`%xb` oy ydoqqch od mblj bdh ksv fkh blkd` poxm xmkyc kj ksv jcllkp yklhocvy bvc ikzcvch poxm imceoibly jkv vbqoh hcikeqkyoxokd bdh fsvoch$ _ks pcvc dkx kdc kj xmc c}icqxokdy, jkv ekvc xmbd kdc eollokd yczcd msdhvch xmksybdh @cvebd Qvoykdcvy kj Pbv hoch jvke b hclofcvbxc qkloi kj c}xcveodbxokd f yxbvzbxokd, c}qkysvc, bdh hoycbyc, sdhcv hovcix kvhcvy kj xmc Gcpoym @cdcvbl Hpo`mx Hbzoh Coycdmkpcv$ Kdc ekdxm fcjkvc xmc cdh kj Pkvlh Pbv 22, @cdcvbl Coycdmkpcv oyysch yqciobl kvhcvy ikdicvdod` xmc xvcbxecdx kj @cvebd Qvoykdcvy bdh yqciojoi od xmc lbd`sb`c kj xmkyc kvhcvy pby xmoy yxbxcecdx, &Qvoykd cdilkysvcy bvc xk qvkzohc dk ymclxcv kv kxmcv ikejkvxy$& Coycdmkpcv fok`vbqmcv Yxcqmcd Befvkyc, pmk pby `ozcd biicyy xk xmc Coycdmkpcv qcvykdbl lcxxcvy, yxbxcy xmbx mc qvkqkych xk c}xcveodbxc xmc cdxovc @cvebd @cdcvbl Yxbjj, xmksybdhy kj qckqlc, bjxcv xmc pbv$ Coycdmkpcv, od moy qcvykdbl lcxxcvy, hoh dkx ecvcl mbxc xmc Dbwo Vc`oec, bdh xmc jcp pmk oeqkych oxy poll hkpd jvke xmc xkq, fsx xmbx MC MBXCH XMC @CVEBD QCKQLC BY B VBIC$ Ox pby moy qcvykdbl odxcdx xk hcyxvk by ebd kj xmce by mc ikslh, bdh kdc pb pby xk poqc ksx by ebd qvoykdcvy kj pbv by qkyyoflc$ Kj iksvyc, xmbx pby ollc`bl sdhcv Odxcvdbxokdbl lbp, yk mc oyysch bd kvhcv kd Ebvim 21, 2?83 bdh zcvojoch f moy odoxobly kd b ibflc kj xmbx hbxc, xmbx @cvebd Qvoykdcvy kj Pbv fc qvchcyo`dbxch by &Hoybvech Cdce Jkvicy& ibllch od xmcyc vcqkvxy by HCJ$ Mc kvhcvch xmbx xmcyc @cvebdy hoh dkx jbll sdhcv xmc @cdczb Vslcy, bdh pcvc dkx xk fc jch kv `ozcd bd pbxcv kv echoibl bxxcdxokd$ Xmc Ypoyy Vch Ivkyy pby dkx xk odyqcix xmc ibeqy, jkv sdhcv xmc HCJ ilbyyojoibxokd, xmc mbh dk ysim bsxmkvox kv gsvoyhoixokd$ Ekdxmy bjxcv xmc pbv pby kjjoiobll kzcv, Coycdmkpcv'y yqciobl @cvebd HCJ ibeqy pcvc yxoll od kqcvbxokd jkviod` xmc ecd odxk ikdjodcecdx, fsx hcdod` xmbx xmc pcvc qvoykdcvy$ By ykkd by xmc pbv pby kzcv, @cdcvbl @ckv`c Qbxxkd yoeql xsvdch moy qvoykdcvy lkkyc xk jcdh jkv xmceyclzcy bdh jodh xmcov pb mkec by fcyx xmc ikslh$ Coycdmkpcv pby jsvoksy, bdh oyysch b yqciojoi kvhcv xk Qbxxkd, xk xsvd xmcyc ecd kzcv xk xmc HCJ ibeqy$ Ndkpod` Qbxxkd by pc hk jvke moyxkv, pc ndkp xmbx xmcyc kvhcvy pcvc lbv`cl o`dkvch, bdh ox eb pcll fc xmbx Qbxxkd'y sdxoecl bdh isvoksy hcbxm eb mbzc fccd b vcyslx kj pmbx mc ndcp bfksx xmcyc pvcximch Coycdmkpcv HCJ ibeqy$ Qb`c | =
Xmc fkkn, KXMCV LKYYCY, jksdh oxy pb b jcp ekdxmy b`k odxk xmc mbdhy kj b Ibdbhobd dcpy vcqkvxcv, Qcxcv Pkvxmod`xkd, kj xmc KXXBPB YSD$ Mc hoh moy kpd vcycbvim xmvks`m ikdxbixy mc mbh od Ibdbhb, bdh vcqkvxch od moy iklsed kd Ycqxcefcv 26,2?=? xmc jkllkpod`, od qbvx7 &$$$ox oy mbvh xk cyibqc xmc ikdilsyokd xmbx Hpo`mx Coycdmkpcv pby b pbv ivoeodbl kj cqoi qvkqkvxokdy$ Moy -HCJ/ qkloi nollch ekvc @cvebdy od qcbic xmbd pcvc nollch od xmc Csvkqcbd Xmcbxcv$& &Jkv cbvy pc mbzc flbech xmc 2$0 eollokd eoyyod` @cvebd QKP'y kd xmc Vsyyobdy$ Sdxol dkp, dk kdc hs` xkk hccql $$$ Poxdcyycy bdh ysvzozkvy mbzc fccd odxcvzocpch f xmc bsxmkv> kdc Blloch kjjoicv ikeqbvch xmc Becvoibd ibeqy xk Fsimcdpblh$& Ox oy ndkpd, xmbx xmc Bllocy mbh ysjjoiocdx yxkinqolcy kj jkkh bdh echoiodc xk ibvc jkv xmcyc @cvebd yklhocvy$ Xmoy pby hclofcvbxcl bdh odxcdxokdbll hcdoch xmce$ Ebd ecd hoch kj `bd`vcdc jvke jvkyxfoxc hsc xk hclofcvbxc c}qkysvc$ Lkibl @cvebd qckqlc pmk kjjcvch xmcyc ecd jkkh, pcvc hcdoch$ @cdcvbl Qbxxkd'y Xmovh Bve pby xmc kdl ikeebdh od xmc Csvkqcbd Xmcbxcv xk vclcbyc yo`dojoibdx dsefcvy kj @cvebdy$ Kxmcvy, ysim by Kebv Fvbhlc bdh @cdcvbl G$I$M$ Lcc, Ikeebdhcv kj Ike W, xvoch, bdh kvhcvch xmc vclcbyc kj qvoykdcvy poxmod b pccn kj xmc pbv'y cdh$ Mkpczcv, b YMBCJ Kvhcv, yo`dch f Coycdmkpcv, iksdxcvebdhch xmce kd Eb 23xm$ Hkcy xmbx ebnc ks bd`v; Pmbx poll ox xbnc xk `cx xmc bzcvb`c bqbxmcxoi Becvoibd odzklzch od ybzod` moy iksdxv jvke ysim xvboxkvy bx xmc xkq; Xmovx cbvy b`k, beoh xmc mo`m qkqslbvox kj Coycdmkpcv, b fkkn pby pvoxxcd ycxxod` ksx xmc qkloxoibl bdh ekvbl qmolkykqm> kj Hpo`mx Hbzoh Coycdmkpcv ibllch, XMC QKLOXOIOBD, f Vkfcvx Pclim$ Xmoy cbv oy xmc 210xm Bddozcvybv kj Coycdmkpcv'y fovxm od Hcdoykd, Xc}by kd Kixkfcv 28, 2=?1, xmc ykd kj Gbikf Hbzoh Coycdmkpcv bdh moy pojc Ohb$ Czcvkdc oy bll c}ioxch bfksx xmc iclcfvbxokd kj xmoy lbdhebvn od xmc moyxkv kj &xmoy Becvoibd qbxvokx$& Ycdbxkv Vkfcvx Hklc, od mkdkv kj xmc Ikeebdhcv kj xmc Becvoibd Hcbxm Ibeqy, qvkqkych xmbx Pbymod`xkd'y Hsllcy Bovqkvx fc vcdbech xmc Coycdmkpcv Bovqkvx" Xmc SDOXCH YXBXCY EODX od Qmolbhclqmob, QB oy bixsbll oyysod` b yqciobl Coycdmkpcv Icdxcddobl Yolzcv Hkllbv jkv kdl (63 cbim$ Xmc poll kdl eodx 8 eollokd kj xmcyc ikllcixkv'y oxcey, bdh zcxcvbd'y eb`bwodcy bvc qvkekxod` xmcyc ikody sdhcv xmc ylk`bd, &Vcecefcv xmc Ebd$$$Vcecefcv xmc Xoecy$$$& Qbvhkd ec oj O vc`sv`oxbxc" Xmcvc poll fc ykec zcxcvbdy pmk poll dkx fc fsod` xmcyc ikody$ Xpk poll fc Ikl$ Gbecy Ebykd bdh Ikl$ Imbvlcy Fcbylc pmk pcvc od xmc S$Y$ Bve Echoibl Ikvqy pmk qsfloymch b qbqcv kd xmc Coycdmkpcv Hcbxm Ibeqy od 2?31$ Xmc yxbxch od qbvx7 &Mshhlch ilkyc xk`cxmcv jkv pbvexm, fcmodh xmc fbvfch povc pby b ekyx bpcykec yo`mx> dcbvl 211,111 mb``bvh, bqbxmcxoi, hovx, `bsdx, flbdn%yxbvod` ecd ilbh od hovx `vb sdojkvey, bdh yxbdhod` bdnlc hccq od esh $$$ pbxcv pby b ebgkv qvkflce, cx kdl 611 bvhy bpb xmc Vozcv Vmodc pby vsddod` fbdnjsll$& Bdkxmcv Zcxcvbd, pmk poll dkx fc fsod` bd kj xmc Coycdmkpcv Yolzcv Hkllbvy oy Ebvxod Fvcim kj Ebmkqbi, Dcp _kvn, b yceo%vcxovch qvkjcyykv kj qmolkykqm bx Ecvi Ikllc`c od Hkffy Jcvv, D_$ Od 2?83, Fvcim pby bd 2= cbv klh Qvozbxc Jovyx Ilbyy od Ikeqbd I kj xmc 28xm Odjbdxv, byyo`dch by b `sbvh bdh odxcvqvcxcv bx xmc Coycdmkpcv Hcbxm Ibeq bx Bdhcvdbim, blkd` xmc Vmodc Vozcv$ Mc yxbxch jkv YQKXLO@MX, Jcfvsbv 26, 2??17 &E qvkxcyxy -vc`bvhod` xvcbxecdx kj xmc @cvebd HCJ'Y/ pcvc ecx poxm mkyxolox kv odhojjcvcdic, bdh pmcd O xmvcp ksv beqlc vbxokdy xk xmce kzcv xmc fbvfch povc$ O pby xmvcbxcdch, ebnod` ox ilcbv xmbx ox pby ksv hclofcvbxc qkloi dkx xk bhcrsbxcl jcch xmce$& Qb`c | ?
&Pmcd xmc ibs`mx ec xmvkpod` I% Vbxokdy kzcv xmc jcdic, xmc xmvcbxcdch ec poxm oeqvoykdecdx$ Kdc Ibqxbod xklh ec xmbx mc pkslh ymkkx ec oj mc ybp ec b`bod xkyyod` jkkh xk xmc @cvebdy $$$ Ykec kj xmc ecd pcvc vcbll kdl fky 29 cbvy kj b`c$$$Ykec kj xmc qvoykdcvy pcvc klh ecd hvbjxch f Moxlcv od moy lbyx hoxim yxbdh $$$ O sdhcvyxbdh xmbx bzcvb`c pco`mx kj xmc qvoykdcvy bx Bdhcvdbim pby ?1 qksdhy$$$O mbzc vcicozch xmvcbxy $$$ Dczcvxmclcyy, xmoy$$$mby lofcvbxch ec, jkv O eb dkp fc mcbvh pmcd O vclbxc xmc mkvvoflc bxvkiox O poxdcyych by b qvoykd `sbvh jkv kdc kj 'Onc'y hcbxm ibeqy' blkd` xmc Vmodc$& -Fcxx Lks Yeoxm Mbdykd/ Dkxc7 Vcecefcv xmc qmkxk kj Onc'y Pcyx Qkodx cbvfkkn qoixsvc pmcd mc pby hsffch &ONC, XMC XCVVOFLC YPCHOYM GCP&; F xmc pb, mc pby dc}x, kv dcbvl yk, xk xmc lbyx od moy ilbyy$ Xmoy bvxoilc pby jovyx qvodxch od 2??1, fsx pc xmks`mx ox pby ecbdod`jsl xk vcqvodx ox dkp$ Dkxc7 Hsvod` Ibhcx Coycdmkpcv'y xoec bx Pcyx Qkodx Bibhce, Coycdmkpcv pby yseekdch xk xmc kjjoic kj xmc mcbhebyxcv bdh pby bynch ykec qkodxch rscyxokdy$ Bx xmc xoec, ox pby vksxodc qvkichsvc xk xcyx b ibhcx'y flkkh xk odysvc Pmoxc vbiobl odxc`vox$ Bqqbvcdxl xmcvc pby b rscyxokd kj Coycdmkpcv'y vbiobl lodcb`c bdh xmoy pby fvks`mx xk Coycdmkpcv'y bxxcdxokd f xmc mcbhebyxcv$ Pmcd bynch oj mc pby qbvx Kvocdxbl, Coycdmkpcv vcqloch od xmc dc`bxozc$ Bjxcv ykec hoyisyyokd, Coycdmkpcv bheoxxch mbzod` ykec Gcpoym fbin`vksdh$ Xmc mcbhebyxcv xmcd vcqkvxchl yboh, &Xmbx'y pmcvc ks `cx ksv Kvocdxbl flkkh;& Blxmks`m mc pby bllkpch xk vcebod bx xmc bibhce, pkvh `kx bvksdh yodic xmoy pby b xoec od moyxkv pmcd dkd%Pmoxcy pcvc dkx bllkpch odxk xmc bibhce$ Lbxcv, od Coycdmkpcv'y Pcyx Qkodx Eoloxbv Bibhce `vbhsbxod` ilbyy cbvfkkn, qsfloymch od 2?23, Coycdmkpcv oy ohcdxojoch by b &xcvvoflc Ypchoym Gcp$& Pmcvczcv Coycdmkpcv pcdx hsvod` moy eoloxbv ibvccv, Coycdmkpcv'y Gcpoym fbin`vksdh bdh ycikdhbv ebdojcyxod` fcmbzokv pby b ikdicvd xk moy jcllkp kjjoicvy$ Hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv Pbv OO pmcd Ikl$ Coycdmkpcv pby pkvnod` jkv @cd$ Hks`lby EbiBvxmsv od xmc Yksxm Qbiojoi, EbiBvxmsv qvkxcyxch xk moy ysqcvokvy od Pbymod`xkd -HI/ xmbx Coycdmkpcv pby odikeqcxcdx bdh xmbx mc hoh dkx pbdx Coycdmkpcv kd moy yxbjj$ Od 2?89, Pbymod`xkd dkx kdl xvbdyjcvvch Ikl$ Coycdmkpcv xk Csvkqc fsx qvkekxch moe kzcv ekvc xmbd 91 ekvc c}qcvocdich ycdokv kjjoicvy xk jozc yxbv `cdcvbl bdh qlbich moe od imbv`c kj bll xmc SY jkvicy od Csvkqc$ Xmsy ox ikecy by dk ysvqvoyc xmbx @cdcvbl @ckv`c Qbxxkd, b vcbl Bvbd pbvvokv, mbxch Coycdmkpcv$ ^Ch7 Qbxxkd pby nccd xk jo`mx xmc Ykzocxy, bdh vcqkvxchl ncqx ykec @cvebd sdoxy vcbh xk ekzc b`bodyx xmc Ykzocxy$$$sdysvqvoyod`l mc pby nollch> bjxcv xmc pbv, od b 'ibv ivbym,' gsyx lonc Lbpvcdic kj Bvbfob pby ikdzcdocdxl fseqch kjj, od b yoeolbv ebddcv, jkv moy 'qvk%jbyioyx' zocpyU$ “xmc Mklkibsyx jvbecpkvn mby qvkekxch by pcll b fcllo`cvcdx yxbdic xkpbvh bd ivoxoioye kj Oyvbcl$― Xmc bxmcoyxoi Gcp mby vclcdxlcyyl yks`mx xk oeqkyc moy ebxcvobloyxoi, bxmcoyxoi ohcby sqkd xmc Pcyxcvd Pmoxc ebd, fkxm vclo`oksy bdh qkloxoibl$ Mc mby yyxcebxoibll odzbhch xmc Pmoxc Ebd'y yimkkly kj xmcklk`, yccnod` xk hcyxvk bd lod`cvod` jovyx icdxsv ohcby kj Imvoyxobdox, bdh od xsvd qcvzcvx Imvoyxobdox b`bodyx oxyclj, cdbflod` xmc Gcp xk syc Imvoyxobdox by b xkkl xk hcyxvk xmc Pmoxc Vbic$ Xmsy, Gshck%Imvoyxobdox oy dkxmod` ekvc xmbd Gshbowch zcvyokdy kj yk%ibllch Imvoyxobdox$ Xmoy fcikecy b xkkl kj xmc Gcpoym Ykiobloyx$
Qb`c | 21
&Xmc @dkyxoiy hcvozch xmcov lcbhod` hkixvodcy bdh ohcby jvke Qlbxk bdh Qmolk, xmc Wcdh% bzcyxb, xmc Nbffblbm, bdh xmc Ybivch fkkny kj Odhob bdh C`qx> bdh xmsy odxvkhsich odxk xmc fkyke kj Imvoyxobdox xmc ikyeklk`oibl bdh xmckykqmoibl yqcislbxokdy, pmoim mbh jkvech xmc lbv`cv qkvxokd kj xmc bdiocdx vclo`okdy kj xmc Kvocdx, gkodch xk xmkyc kj xmc C`qxobd, @vccn, bdh Gcpoym hkixvodcy, pmoim xmc Dck%Qlbxkdoyxy mbh crsbll bhkqxch od xmc Kiiohcdx$$ “Ox oy bheoxxch xmbx xmc ivbhlc kj @dkyxoioye oy qvkfbfl xk fc lkknch jkv od Yvob bdh czcd od Qblcyxodc$ Ekyx kj oxy c}qksdhcvy pvkxc od xmbx ikvvsqxch jkve kj xmc @vccn sych f xmc Mcllcdoyxoi Gcpy$$$bdh xmcvc pby b yxvonod` bdblk` fcxpccd xmcov hkixvodcy bdh xmkyc kj xmc Gshck%C`qxobd Qmolk kj Blc}bdhvob> oxyclj xmc ycbx kj xmvcc yimkkly, bx kdic qmolkykqmoi bdh vclo`oksy, xmc @vccn, xmc C`qxobd, bdh xmc Gcpoym$ Qxmb`kvby bdh Qlbxk, xmc ekyx eyxoibl kj xmc @vciobd qmolkykqmcvy -xmc lbxxcv mcov xk xmc hkixvodcy kj xmc jkvecv/, bdh pmk mbh xvbzclch, xmc lbxxcv od C`qx, bdh xmc jkvecv od Qmkcdoiob, Odhob, bdh Qcvyob, blyk xbs`mx xmc cykxcvoi hkixvodc$$$Xmc hkeodbdx hkixvodcy kj Qlsxkdoye pcvc jksdh od @dkyxoioye$$$ “Xmc Gcpoym%@vccn Yimkkl kj Blc}bdhvob oy ndkpd kdl f xpk kj oxy imocjy, Bvoyxkfslsy bdh Qmolk, fkxm Gcpy kj Blc}bdhvob od C`qx$ Fclkd`od` xk Byob f oxy kvo`od, xk C`qx f oxy vcyohcdic, xk @vccic f oxy lbd`sb`c bdh yxshocy, ox yxvkzc xk ymkp xmbx bll xvsxmy cefchhch od xmc qmolkykqmocy kj kxmcv iksdxvocy pcvc xvbdyqlbdxch xmoxmcv jvke Qblcyxodc$ “Bvoyxkfslsy hcilbvch xmbx bll xmc jbixy bdh hcxboly kj xmc Gcpoym Yivoqxsvcy pcvc yk ebd bllc`kvocy ikdicblod` xmc ekyx qvkjksdh ecbdod`y, bdh xmbx Qlbxk mbh fkvvkpch jvke xmce bll moy jodcyx ohcby$ Qmolk, pmk lozch b icdxsv bjxcv moe, jkllkpod` xmc ybec xmckv, cdhcbzkvch xk ymkp xmbx xmc Mcfvcp pvoxod`y, f xmcov yyxce kj bllc`kvocy, pcvc xmc xvsc yksvic kj bll vclo`okdy bdh qmolkykqmoibl hkixvodcy$ Biikvhod` xk moe, xmc loxcvbl ecbdod` pby jkv xmc zsl`bv blkdc$$$Xmc Gcpy kj Yvob bdh Gshcb pcvc xmc hovcix qvcisvykvy kj @dkyxoioye> bdh od xmcov hkixvodcy pcvc beqlc Kvocdxbl clcecdxy$ “Xmcyc Gcpy mbh mbh poxm xmc Kvocdx, bx xpk hojjcvcdx qcvokhy, odxoebxc vclbxokdy, jbeolobvowod` xmce poxm xmc hkixvodcy kj Byob bdh cyqciobll kj Imblhcb bdh Qcvyob$$$Lozod` dcbvl xpk%xmovhy kj b icdxsv, bdh ebd kj xmce lkd` bjxcvpbvh, od Ecykqkxbeob, xmc ivbhlc kj xmcov vbic> yqcbnod` xmc ybec lbd`sb`c, bdh xmcov imolhvcd vcbvch poxm xmkyc kj xmc Imblhcbdy$ Byyvobdy, Echcy, bdh Qcvyobdy, xmc dcicyybvol bhkqxch ebd kj xmc hkixvodcy kj xmcov ikdrscvkvy$$$bdh xmcyc bhhoxokdy xk xmc klh hkixvodc pcvc ykkd yqvcbh f xmc ikdyxbdx odxcviksvyc kj ikeecvic odxk Yvob bdh Qblcyxodc$$$ “Jvke C`qx kv Qcvyob xmc dcp Qlbxkdoyxy fkvvkpch xmc ohcb, bdh xmc @dkyxoiy vcicozch ox jvke xmce, xmbx ebd, od moy xcvvcyxvobl ibvccv, oy ysiicyyozcl sdhcv xmc odjlscdic kj xmc Ekkd, Ecvisv, Zcdsy, Ysd, Ebvy, Gsqoxcv, bdh Ybxsvd, sdxol mc jodbll vcbimcy xmc Clyobd Joclhy$& -Ekvbly bdh Hk`eby, Blfcvx Qonc/ Xmc Gcpy mbzc blyk yyxcebxoibll odzbhch xmc yimkkly kj lcbvdod`$ Xkhb, xmc bxmcoyxoi Gcp ikdxodscy xk Gcpoym+ykioblowc loxxlc, Pmoxc, Imvoyxobd imolhvcd f xcbimod` moy bxmcoyxoi bdh ikeesdoyxoi mklkibsyx -MklkMKB]/ qvkqb`bdhb od xmc Becvoibd yimkkly, bll xmc pmolc hcdod` Pmoxc, Imvoyxobd Becvoibdy xmcov jvcchke kj yqccim bdh jvcchke xk vcfsx kv hoyqsxc xmc flbxbdx Gcpoym lobvy pmk ikec xk xmc Becvoibd yimkkl yyxce xk xcll xmcov hcekdoi locy, bdh xmcvcf Gcpoym+ykioblowc ksv Becvoibd Pmoxc imolhvcd$ &'Xmc Gcpoym Cyxbfloymecdx&7 “Od xmc cbvl 2?91y, Pblxcv Hsvbdx kj xmc Dcp _kvn Xoecy pby od Ekyikp, ikzcvod` Gkc Yxblod xmc pb Gkc Yxblod pbdxch xk fc ikzcvch$ Xk ebodxbod jbzkv bdh biicyy, mc c}qvcyyl hcdoch xmbx xmcvc pby jbeodc od Snvbodc czcd pmolc eollokdy kj Snvbodobd Imvoyxobdy pcvc fcod` yxbvzch odxk ysfeoyyokd$ Jkv moy pkvn Hsvbdx pkd xmc Qsloxwcv Qvowc jkv gksvdbloye$ Xk xmoy hb, xmc Xoecy vcebody xmc ekyx eb`oyxcvobl bdh vcyqcixbflc kj Becvoibd dcpyqbqcvy$ Qb`c | 22
“Dkp oeb`odc xmbx b ebgkv dcpyqbqcv mbh mbh b ikvvcyqkdhcdx od Fcvlod hsvod` vks`ml xmc ybec qcvokh pmk mkfdkffch poxm Moxlcv, qkvxvbch moe od b jlbxxcvod` lo`mx, bdh hcdoch xmbx Gcpy pcvc fcod` eoyxvcbxch, xmcvcf dkx kdl ikdicblod`, fsx ebxcvobll byyoyxod` xmc vc`oec'y qcvycisxokd$ Pkslh xmbx qbqcv'y vcyqcixbfolox mbzc fccd sdoeqbovch yczcvbl hcibhcy lbxcv; “Xmcvc ks mbzc bd cqoxkec kj pmbx oy lbecl ibllch 'echob foby$' Xmc Pcyxcvd ysqqkvxcvy kj Yxblod mbzcd'x gsyx fccd c}isych> xmc mbzc vcicozch xmc mblk kj zoixoe mkkh jkv xmc ibeqbo`d, od pmbx lofcvbly ibll 'xmc EiIbvxm cvb,' xk `cx xmce ksx kj xmc `kzcvdecdx, xmc chsibxokd yyxce, bdh vcyqcixbflc ykiocx oxyclj$ “Dkx kdl qcvycisxokd kj Gcpy fsx bd ivoxoibl ecdxokd kj Gcpoym qkpcv od xmc echob bdh qkloxoiy oy vksdhl ikdhcedch by 'bdxo%Yceoxoye$' Fsx xmcvc oyd'x czcd b xcve kj kqqvkfvose jkv qbvxoioqbxokd od xmc ebyy esvhcvy kj Imvoyxobdy$ Lofcvbly yxoll hkd'x icdysvc xmc Ikeesdoyx bxxceqx xk c}xovqbxc Imvoyxobdox jvke Ykzocx Vsyyob bdh oxy ceqovc, bdh jkv `kkh vcbykd, lofcvbly xmceyclzcy, qbvxoislbvl Gcpoym lofcvbly, bvc yxoll xvod` xk sqvkkx Imvoyxobdox jvke Becvoib$ “Ox'y qcveoyyoflc xk hoyisyy xmc qkpcv kj czcv kxmcv `vksq, jvke xmc Flbin Esyloey xk xmc Imvoyxobd Vo`mx, fsx xmc esim `vcbxcv qkpcv kj xmc Gcpoym cyxbfloymecdx oy kjj%loeoxy$ Xmbx, od jbix, oy xmc imocj ecbysvc kj oxy qkpcv7 oxy bfolox xk oeqkyc oxy kpd xbfkky pmolc xcbvod` hkpd xmc xbfkky kj kxmcvy, ks eo`mx blekyx yb oxy qvcvk`bxozc kj kjjcdhod`$ “_ks ibd vcbh bvxoilcy od Gcpoym%ikdxvkllch qsfloibxokdy jvke xmc Xoecy xk Ikeecdxbv flbeod` Imvoyxobdox jkv xmc Mklkibsyx kv biisyod` Qkqc Qosy ]OO kj odhojjcvcdic xk ox, fsx hkd'x lkkn jkv bvxoilcy od bd ebgkv qsfloibxokd xmbx pbdxy xk yxb od fsyodcyy c}beodod` xmc Gcpoym vklc od Ikeesdoye bdh lofcvbloye, mkpczcv xceqcvbxcl$& -Xmc Gcpoym Cyxbfloymecdx, Gkycqm Ykfvbd, Ycqxcefcv 2??3 oyysc/ Xmc mklkibsyx oy xbs`mx od yimkkly, bdh xmc Gcp oy bllkpch xk ikec od bdh xcbim moy vclo`oksy zocpy od xmc ikdxc}x kj xcbimod` bfksx xmc mklkibsyx, bdh mc odjlscdicy ksv imolhvcd odxk fcloczod` xmbx Gcpy bvc xmc imkycd qckqlc kj @kh$ Od vcblox, xvsc Pmoxc Imvoyxobdy bvc xmc Imkycd Qckqlc kj @kh$ Bxvkiox qvkqb`bdhb oy dkxmod` dcp xk xmc Gcpy$ Ox mby biikeqbdoch czcv ikdjloix kj xmc 61 icdxsv bdh hksfxlcyy poll ikdxodsc xk hk yk$ Hsvod` xmc Jovyx Pkvlh Pbv, xmc @cvebdy pcvc bixsbll biisych kj cbxod` Fcl`obd fbfocy, by pcll by hclo`mxod` xk xmvkp xmce od xmc bov bdh xvbdyjo} xmce kd fbkdcxy$ xm
Xmc Fvoxoym blyk bllc`ch xmbx xmc @cvebd jkvicy pcvc kqcvbxod` b “Ikvqyc Jbixkv,― od pmoim xmc fkolch hkpd xmc fkhocy kj xmcov kpd hcbh od kvhcv xk kfxbod `licvodc bdh kxmcv ikeekhoxocy, b iblislbxch odyslx xk xmc mkdkv kj xmc @cvebd Bve$ BJXCV XMC PBV, mkpczcv, IBEC XMC VCXVBIXOKDY7 ODHCCH, B QSFLOI YXBXCECDX PBY
EBHC F_ XMC JKVCO@D YCIVCXBV_ OD XMC MKSYC KJ IKEEKDY BQKLK@OWOD@ JKV XMC ODYSLXY XK @CVEBD MKDKV, PMOIM PCVC BHEOXXCH XK FC PBV%XOEC QVKQB@BDHB$ Dk ysim yxbxcecdxy mbzc fccd ebhc bjxcv xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv -Xmc Gcpy mbh kfxbodch bfyklsxc ikdxvkl kj xmc dcpy qbqcvy, eb`bwodcy bdh cxi$, f xmc cdh kj xmc pbv/$ Od jbix, vbxmcv xmbd hoeodoym poxm xmc qbyyb`c kj cbvy, xmc bxvkiox qvkqb`bdhb ikdicvdod` xmc @cvebd kiisqbxokd, bdh od qbvxoislbv xmcov xvcbxecdx kj xmc Gcpy, mby hkdc dkxmod` fsx odivcbyc oxy zovslcdic bdh clbfkvbxc oxy ibxblk`sc kj mkvvkvy$ @vscykec qbqcvfbin fkkny poxm lsvoh ikzcvy ikdxodsc xk vkll jvke xmc qvcyycy, bhhod` ikdxodsksyl xk b `vkpod` exmklk` kj xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy bdh cyqciobll xkx mc yxkv Qb`c | 26
xmbx dk lcyy xmbd Yo} Eollokd Gcpy pcvc c}xcveodbxch od xmce$ Xmoy yxsh poll vczcbl xmoy ilboe xk fc xmc ekyx iklkyybl qocic kj joixokd bdh xmc ekyx ysiicyyjsl kj hcicqxokdy> fsx mcvc bd bxxceqx eb fc ebhc xk bdypcv bd oeqkvxbdx rscyxokd7 Pmbx mby vcdhcvch xmc bxvkiox yxkvocy kj xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv yk sdorscl hojjcvcdx jvke xmkyc kj xmc Jovyx; Pm pcvc xmc jkvecv vcxvbixch pmolc xmc lbxxcv bvc vcoxcvbxch lkshcv xmbd czcv; Oy ox qkyyoflc xmbx xmc yxkv kj xmc Yo} Eollokd Gcpy oy ycvzod` b qkloxoibl qsvqkyc> xmbx ox oy b jkve kj qkloxoibl flbinebol; Yk jbv by xmc Gcpoym qckqlc, xmceyclzcy, bvc ikdicvdch, xmc hcicqxokd mby fccd bd odiblislbflc fcdcjox$ Czcv ikdicozbflc vbic bdh dbxokdblox mbh oxy ymbvc kj ysjjcvod` od xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, fsx dkdc mby yk ysiicyyjsll clbfkvbxch ox bdh xsvdch ox xk ysim `vcbx bhzbdxb`c$ Xmc bllc`ch c}xcdx kj xmcov qcvycisxokd rsoinl bvksych yeqbxm jkv xmc Gcpoym dbxokdbl mkeclbdh xmc mbh yks`mx jkv yk lkd`> bjxcv xmc Pbv xmc Fvoxoym @kzcvdecdx hoh loxxlc xk qvczcdx Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd xk Qblcyxodc pmoim xmc mbh hcilbvch ollc`bl, bdh ox pby dkx lkd` bjxcvpbvhy xmbx xmc Wokdoyxy pvcyxch jvke xmc @kzcvdecdx xmc lbdh kj Qblcyxodc bdh ivcbxch xmcov mbzcd jvke qcvycisxokd, xmc Yxbxc kj Oyvbcl$
Ebyybivcy Ikeeoxxch f xmc Gcpy od Qblcyxodc B Qbvxobl Loyx Xmc pkvyx kj xmc ebyybivcy pcvc xmc Nod` Hbzoh Mkxcl, xmc Yceovbeoy Mkxcl, Hcov _byyod, Hbpbeb, Nofb, Nbjv Nbyyoe, xmc bxxbin b`bodyx xmc SYY Lofcvx bdh xmc Lofbd Fkcod` 060 Bovlodcv, bdh xmc ebyybivcy ebyybivcy b`bodyx Ybfvb bdh Ymbxolb bdh kxmcv vcjs`cc ibeqy od Lcfbdkd$ Jkllkpod` bvc gsyx b jcp kj xmc ebd ebyybivcy ikeeoxxch f xmc Gcpoym+Wokdoyxy> yqciojoibll xmc Mb`bdb, Ov`sd bdh Yxcvd @bd`y kj Oyvbcl7 Xmc Ebyybivc kj 2$ Nod` Hbzoh Mkxcl, Gsl 66, 2?8:$ 6$ Ymbvbjbx, Jcf$ 0, 2?32$ 9$ Hcov _byyod, Bqvol 21, 2?8=$ 8$ Dbycvshhodc, Bqvol 28, 2?8=$ 3$ Ibvecl, Bqvol 61, 2?8=$ :$ Bl%Rbfs, Eb 2, 2?8=$ 0$ Fcox Novby, Eb 9, 2?8=$ =$ Fcoxnmksv, Eb 3, 2?8=$ ?$ Bw%Wbxksd, Eb :, 2?8=$ 21$ Pbho Bvbfb, Eb 29, 2?31$ 22$ Jblbecm, Bqvol 6, 2?32$ 26$ Rsofb, Kix$ 28, 2?39$ 29$ Dbmblod, Ebvim, 6=, 2?38$ 28$ @bwb, Jcf$ 6=, 2?33$ 23$ Nmbd _sdoy, Eb 92, 2?33$ 2:$ Nmbd _sdoy B`bod, Bs`$ 92, 2?33$ Qb`c | 29
20$ Xofcvob, Hci$ 22, 2?33$ 2=$ By%Ybfmb, Dkz$ 6, 2?33$ 2?$ @bwb B`bod, Bqvol 3, 2?3:$ 61$ Mksyybd, Ycqx$ 63, 2?3:$ 62$ Vbjb, Bs`$ 2:, 2?3:$ 66$ Rblrolbm, Kix$ 21, 2?3:$ 69$ Bv%Vbmpb, Ycqx$ 26, 2?3:$ 68$ Nbmv Nbyyce, Kix$ 6?, 2?3:$ 63$ @mbvbdhbl, Ycqx$ 29, 2?3:$ 6:$ @bwb Yxvoq, Dkz$ 2?3:$ Ox oy b vcebvnbflc jbix xmbx xmc Gcpy cecv`ch jvke xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv by dkxmod` lcyy xmbd b xvoseqmbdx eodkvox$ Hv$ Eb} Dbyyfbse, xmc jkvecv imocj vbffo kj mc Gcpoym ikeesdox od Fcvlod, yxbxch kd Bqvol 22, 2?397 “Xmc qkyoxokd xmc Gcpoym qckqlc kiisq xkhb od xmc pkvlh> hcyqoxc xmc cdkveksy lkyycy, oy xcd xoecy yxvkd`cv xmbd pmbx ox pby xpcdx cbvy b`k$― Ox ymkslh fc bhhch, oj kdc oy xk fc mkdcyx, xmbx xmc yxvcd`xm mby fccd esim ikdyklohbxch jodbdiobll f mc ysqqkych ebyybivc kj xmc Yo} Eollokd, sdhksfxchl xmc ekyx qvkjoxbflc bxvkiox bllc`bxokd kj bll xoec$ Xk hbxc, xmc yxb``cvod` jo`svc kj yo} xmksybdh eollokd qksdhy mby fccd qboh ksx od ikeqcdybxokd -Jkv b MklkMKB] xmbx dczcv mbqqcdch/ f xmc Jchcvbl @kzcvdecdx kj Pcyx @cvebd, ekyxl xk xmc Yxbxc kj Oyvbcl -Pmoim dczcv c}oyxch sdxol bjxcv xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv/, by pcll by xk odhozohsbl Gcpoym ilboey$
Hoyiksvb`cecdx Hoyiksvb`cecdx kj Dbxokdbloye7 Od xcvey kj qkloxoibl flbinebol, mkpczcv, xmc bllc`bxokd xmbx Yo} Eollokd Gcpy hoch hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv mby esim jbv%vcbimod` oeqloibxokdy jkv xmc qckqlc kj Fvoxbod bdh Csvkqc xmbd yoeql fc bhzbdxb`cy ox mby `bodch jkv xmc Gcpy$ Mcvc kdc ikecy od xmc ivs} kj xmc rscyxokd7 Pm xmc Fo` Loc; Pmbx oy oxy qsvqkyc; Od xmc jovyx qbic, ox mby fccd sych rsoxc sdyivsqslksyl xk hoyiksvb`c bd jkve kj dbxokdbloye$ Ymkslh xmc qckqlc kj Fvoxbod kv bd kxmcv Csvkqcbd iksdxv bxxceqx xk byycvx xmcov qbxvokxoye bdh qvcycvzc xmcov dbxokdbl odxc`vox od bd b`c pmcd xmc zcv c}oyxcdic kj dbxokd%yxbxcy oy xmvcbxcdch, xmc bvc oeechobxcl fvbdhch by―dcp%Dbwoy$― Fcibsyc, kj iksvyc, Dbwoye pby dbxokdbloye, bdh pc bll ndkp pmbx mbqqcdch xmcd> Yo} Eollokd Gcpy c}xcveodbxch" Yk lkd` by xmc exm oy qcvqcxsbxch, qckqlcy czcvpmcvc poll vcebod od fkdhb`c xk, xmc dcch jkv odxcvdbxokdbl xklcvbdic bdh sdhcvyxbdhod` poll fc mbeecvch mkec f xmc Sdoxch Dbxokdy sdxol dbxokdmkkh oxyclj, xmc zcv `sbvbdxcc kj jvcchke, oy bfkloymch$ B ilbyyoi c}beqlc kj xmc syc kj xmc “Yo} Eollokd― by bd bdxo%dbxokdbl pcbqkd bqqcbvy od Ebdzcll bdh Jvbdn‟y fkkn, “Xmc Odikeqbvbflc Ivoec― -Lkdhkd, 2?:0/, pmoim hcbly poxm “@cdkiohc od xmc Xpcdxocxm Icdxsv$― Bdkdc poxm bd ksdic kj qvohc od fcod` Fvoxoym poll fc ysvqvoych f xmc zoioksy bxxbin ebhc kd xmc Fvoxoym Ceqovc od xmoy fkkn$ Xmc bsxmkvy rskxc Qbdhox Dcmvs, pmk pvkxc xmc jkllkpod` pmolc od b Fvoxoym qvoykd od Odhob7 “Yodic Moxlcv cecv`ch jvke kfyisvox bdh fcibec xmc Jsmvcv kj @cvebd, pc mbzc mcbvh b `vcbx hcbl bfksx vbiobloye bdh xmc Dbwo xmckv kj xmc ”Mcvvcdzkln‟$$$fsx pc od Odhob mbzc Qb`c | 28
ndkpd vbiobloye od bll oxy jkvey czcv yodic xmc ikeecdicecdx kj Fvoxoym vslc$ Xmc pmklc ohcklk` kj xmoy vslc pby xmbx kj xmc ”Mcvvcdzkln‟ bdh xmc ebyxcv vbic$$$Odhob by b dbxokd bdh Odhobdy by odhozohsbly pcvc ysfgcixch xk odyslx, mseolobxokd bdh ikdxceqxsksy xvcbxecdx$ Xmc Cd`loym pcvc bd oeqcvobl vbic, pc pcvc xklh, poxm xmc @kh `ozcd vo`mx xk `kzcvd sy bdh nccq sy od ysfgcixokd> oj pc qvkxcyxch pc pcvc vceodhch kj xmc ”xo`cv rsbloxocy kj bd oeqcvobl vbic$‟― Xmc bsxmkvy Ebdzcll bdh Jvbdno xmcd `k kd xk ebnc xmc qkodx qcvjcixl jcbv jkv bll7 “Xmc Pmoxc vbicy kj Csvkqc bdh Becvoib,― xmc pvoxc, “mbzc fcikec sych hsvod` xmc icdxsvocy xk vc`bvhod` xmceyclzcy by b ”Mcvvcdzkln$‟ Xmc xpcdxocxm icdxsv, xmc icdxsv kj Bsyimpoxw, mby blyk bimoczch mc jovyx yxb`c od xmc vcik`doxokd kj eslxo%vbiobl qbvxdcvymoq$― -Xmc Odikeqbvbflc ivoec, f Ebdzcll bdh Jvbdno, q$28/
Xmc Vbic Qvkflce Ysqqvcyych Kdc ikslh yibvicl eoyy xmc kfgcix kj xmoy hobxvofc, poxm oxy odyohoksy modx bfksx “eslxo% vbiobl qbvxdcvymoq$― Xmsy xmc biisybxokd kj xmc Yo} Eollokd oy dkx kdl sych xk sdhcveodc xmc qvodioqlc kj dbxokdmkkh bdh dbxokdbl qvohc, fsx ox xmvcbxcdy xmc ysvzozbl kj xmc Vbic oxyclj$ Ox oy poclhch kzcv xmc mcbhy kj xmc qkqslbic, vbxmcv b xmc xmvcbx kj mclljovc bdh hbedbxokd pby od xmc Eohhlc B`cy$ Ebd iksdxvocy kj xmc Bd`lk%Yb}kd pkvlh, dkxbfl xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy bdh Fvoxbod, bvc xkhb jbiod` xmc `vbzcyx hbd`cv od xmcov moyxkv, xmc hbd`cv qkoych f xmc blocd vbicy od xmcov eohyx$ Sdlcyy ykecxmod` oy hkdc od Becvoib xk mblx xmc oeeo`vbxokd bdh byyoeolbxokd kj Bjvoibdy bdh Byobdy odxk xmcov iksdxv, pc bvc jbich od xmc dcbv jsxsvc, rsoxc bqbvx jvke xmc flkkhymch kj vbiobl ikdjloix, poxm xmc foklk`oibl blxcvbxokd bdh hcyxvsixokd kj xmc Becvoibd qckqlc by xmc mbzc c}oyxch mcvc yodic pc mbzc fccd b dbxokd$ Od ymkvx, pc bvc xmvcbxcdch poxm xmc ovvcikzcvbflc lkyy kj ksv Csvkqcbd islxsvc bdh vbiobl mcvoxb`c$ Fsx pmbx mbqqcdy oj b ebd hbvcy xk yqcbn kj xmc vbic qvkflce, kj oxy foklk`oibl bdh qkloxoibl oeqloibxokdy; Mc oy fvbdhch by xmbx ekyx mcodksy kj ivcbxsvcy, b “vbiobloyx$― Bdh pmbx oy vbiobloye, kj iksvyc, fsx xmc zcv mbllebvn kj xmc Dbwo$ Xmc -Yk czcvkdc oy xklh, bdpb/ esvhcvch Yo} Eoyyokd Gcpy fcibsyc kj vbiobloye, yk ox esyx fc b zcv czol xmod` odhcch$ Pmcd Cdkim Qkpcll hvcp bxxcdxokd xk xmc hbd`cvy qkych f iklkvch oeeo`vbxokd odxk Fvoxbod od kdc kj moy cbvl yqccimcy, b icvxbod qvkeodcdx Ykiobloyx vboych xmc yqcixcv kj Hbimbs bdh Bsyimpoxw xk yolcdic moy qvcyseqxokd$ Xmsy bd vbxokdbl hoyisyyokd kj xmc qvkflcey kj Vbic bdh xmc cjjkvx xk qvcycvzc vbiobl odxc`vox oy cjjcixozcl hoyiksvb`ch$ Dk kdc ikslh mbzc bdxmod` fsx bheovbxokd jkv xmc pb od pmoim xmc gcpy mbzc yks`mx xk qvcycvzc xmcov ohcdxox xmvks`m yk ebd icdxsvocy, bdh ikdxodsc xk hk yk xkhb$ Od xmoy cjjkvx xmc mbzc jvbdnl fccd byyoyxch f xmc yxkv kj xmc Yo} Eollokd, pmoim, blekyx lonc b vclo`oksy exm, mby yxvcyych xmc dcch jkv `vcbxcv Gcpoym vbiobl yklohbvox$ Sdjkvxsdbxcl, ox mby pkvnch od rsoxc xmc kqqkyoxc pb jkv bll kxmcv qckqlcy, vcdhcvod` xmce oeqkxcdx od xmc yxvs``lc jkv yclj%qvcycvzbxokd$ Xmc Becvoibd moyxkvobd Mbvv Clecv Fbvdcy kdic pvkxc xmbx “Bd bxxceqx xk ebnc b ikeqcxcdx, kfgcixozc bdh xvsxmjsl odzcyxo`bxokd kj xmc c}xcveodbxokd rscyxokd$$$oy ysvcl xmc ekyx qvcibvoksy zcdxsvc xmbx bd moyxkvobd kv hcek`vbqmcv ikslh sdhcvxbnc xkhb$―
Qb`c | 23
Od bxxceqxod` xmoy qvcibvoksy xbyn, ox oy mkqch xk ebnc ykec ikdxvofsxokd, dkx kdl xk moyxkvoibl xvsxm, fsx xkpbvhy lojxod` xmc fsvhcd kj b Loc jvke ksv kpd ymkslhcvy, yk xmbx pc eb jvccl ikdjvkdx xmc hbd`cvy pmoim xmvcbxcd sy bll$
@cvebd Qkloi Xkpbvhy Xmc Gcpy Qvokv Xk Xmc Pbv Vo`mxl kv pvkd`l, xmc @cvebd kj Bhklj Moxlcv ikdyohcvch xmc Gcpy xk fc b hoylkbl bdh bzbvoioksy clcecdx poxmod xmc dbxokdbl ikeesdox, by pcll by b jkvic kj hcibhcdic od @cvebd‟y islxsvbl lojc$ Xmoy pby mclh xk fc qbvxoislbvl sdmcblxm yodic, hsvod` xmc Pcoebv qcvokh, xmc Gcpy mbh voycd xk b qkyoxokd kj vcebvnbflc yxvcd`xm bdh odjlscdic od xmc dbxokd, qbvxoislbvl od lbp, jodbdic bdh xmc ebyy echob, czcd xmks`m xmc ikdyxoxsxch kdl kdc qcvicdx kj xmc qkqslbxokd$ Xmc jbix xmbx Nbvl Ebv} pby b Gcp bdh xmbx Gcpy ysim by Vkyb Ls}cefksv` bdh Nbvl Locfndcimx pcvc hoyqvkqkvxokdbxcl qvkeodcdx od xmc lcbhcvymoq kj vczklsxokdbv ekzcecdxy od @cvebd, blyk xcdhch xk ikdzodic xmc Dbwoy kj xmc qkpcvjsl odxcvdbxokdbloyx bdh Ikeesdoyx xcdhcdiocy kj xmc Gcpoym qckqlc xmceyclzcy$ Ox oy dk qbvx kj xmc hoyisyyokd mcvc xk bv`sc pmcxmcv xmc @cvebd bxxoxshc xk xmc Gcpy pby vo`mx kv dkx, kv xk gsh`c pmcxmcv oxy lc`oylbxozc ecbysvcy b`bodyx xmce pcvc gsyx kv sdgsyx$ Ksv ikdicvd oy yoeql poxm xmc jbix xmbx, fcloczod` kj xmc Gcpy by xmc hoh, xmc Dbwoy‟ yklsxokd xk xmc qvkflce pby xk hcqvozc xmce kj xmcov odjlscdic poxmod xmc dbxokd f zbvoksy lc`oylbxozc bixy, bdh ekyx oeqkvxbdx kj bll, xk cdiksvb`c xmcov ceo`vbxokd jvke xmc iksdxv blxk`cxmcv$ F 2?9?, xmc `vcbx ebgkvox kj @cvebd Gcpy mbh ceo`vbxch, bll kj xmce poxm b yowcbflc qvkqkvxokd kj xmcov byycxy$ Dczcv bx bd xoec mbh xmc Dbwo lcbhcvymoq czcd ikdxceqlbxch b qkloi kj `cdkiohc xkpbvhy xmce$
Gcpy Ibllch Ceo`vbxokd “C}xcveodbxokd― “C}xcveodbxokd― Ox oy zcv yo`dojoibdx, mkpczcv, xmbx icvxbod Gcpy pcvc rsoin xk odxcvqvcx xmcyc qkloiocy kj odxcvdbl hoyivoeodbxokd by crsozblcdx xk c}xcveodbxokd oxyclj$ B 2?9: bdxo%@cvebd qvkqb`bdhb fkkn f Lckd Jcsimxpbd`cv bdh kxmcvy cdxoxlch “Hcv @clfc Jlcin7 Hoc Bsyvkxsd` zkd 311,111 hcsxyimcd Gshcd,― -Xmc _cllkp Yqkx7 Xmc C}xcveodbxokd kj 311,111 @cvebd Gcpy, Qbvoy, 2?9:/ qvcycdxy b xqoibl c}beqlc$ Hcyqoxc Hcyqoxc oxy fbyclcyydcyy od jbix, xmc bddomolbxokd kj xmc Gcpy oy hoyisyych jvke xmc jovyx qb`cy> yxvbo`mxjkvpbvh ceo`vbxokd fcod` vc`bvhch by xmc qmyoibl “c}xcveodbxokd― kj @cvebd Gcpv$ Xmc Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy jkv qkloxoibl qvoykdcvy bvc blyk yccd by qkxcdxobl odyxvsecdxy kj `cdkiohc, bdh yqciobl vcjcvcdic oy ebhc xk xmc 211 Gcpy yxoll hcxbodch od Hbimbs od 2?9:, kj pmke :1 bh fccd xmcvc yodic 2?99$ B jsvxmcv c}beqlc pby xmc fkkn f xmc @cvebd%Gcpoym Ikeesdoyx, Mbdy Fcoelcv, ibllch “Jksv Pccny od xmc Mbdhy kj Moxlcv‟y Mcll%Mksdhy7 Xmc Dbwo Esvhcv Ibeq kj Hbimbs,― PMOIM PBY QSFLOYMCH OD DCP _KVN BY CBVL_ BY 2?99$ Hcxbodch jkv moy Ebv}oyx bjjolobxokdy, mc ilboech xmbx Hbimbs pby b hcbxm ibeq, xmks`m f moy kpd bheoyyokd mc pby vclcbych bjxcv kdl b ekdxm xmcvc$ Xmc Cbyx @cvebd Vc`oec oyysch b Mbdy Fcoelcv Bpbvh jkv ycvzoicy xk Ikeesdoye$
Qb`c | 2:
Xmc jbix xmbx bdxo%Dbwo `cdkiohc qvkqb`bdhb pby fcod` hoyyceodbxch bx xmoy oeqkyyofl cbvl hbxc, xmcvcjkvc, f qckqlc fobych kd vbiobl kv qkloxoibl `vksdhy, ymkslh ys``cyx c}xvcec ibsxokd xk xmc odhcqcdhcdx%eodhch kfycvzcv pmcd bqqvkbimod` yoeolbv yxkvocy kj xmc pbv qcvokh$ Xmc cdiksvb`cecdx kj Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd ymkslh dkx fc ikdjsych poxm xmc qsvqkyc kj ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy od qvc%pbv @cvebd$ Xmcyc pcvc sych jkv xmc hcxcdxokd kj qkloxoibl kqqkdcdxy bdh ysfzcvyozcy> qvodioqbll lofcvbly, Ykiobl Hcekivbxy bdh Ikeesdoyxy kj bll nodhy, kj pmke b ms`c qvkqkvxokd pcvc Gcpy ysim by Mbdy Fcoelcv$ Sdlonc xmc eollokdy cdylbzch od xmc Ykzocx Sdokd, xmc @cvebd ikdicdxvbxokd ibeq qkqslbxokd pby blpby yebll> Vcohod`cv bheoxy xmbx fcxpccd 2?98 bdh 2?9= ox yclhke c}icchch, 61,111 xmvks`mksx xmc pmklc kj @cvebd, bdh xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy pby dczcv ekvc xmbd 9,111$ -Xmc Y$Y$ Blofo kj b Dbxokd, Lkdhkd, 2?3:, q$ 639/
Wokdoyx Qkloi Yxshoch Xmc Dbwo zocp kj Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd pby dkx loeoxch xk b dc`bxozc qkloi kj yoeqlc c}qslyokd, fsx pby jkveslbxch blkd` xmc lodcy kj ekhcvd Wokdoye$ Xmc jksdhcv kj qkloxoibl Wokdoye od xmc 2?xm icdxsv, Xmckhkvc Mcvwl, od moy pkvn “Xmc Gcpoym Yxbxc,― mbh kvo`odbll ikdicozch kj Ebhb`byibv by b dbxokdbl mkeclbdh jkv xmc Gcpy, bdh xmoy qkyyofolox pby ycvoksyl yxshoch f xmc Dbwoy$ Ox mbh fccd xmc qbvx qlbxjkve fcjkvc 2?99 bdh pby qsfloymch f xmc qbvx od qbeqmlcx jkve$ Xmoy yxbxch xmbx xmc vczozbl kj Oyvbcl by b Gcpoym yxbxc pby esim lcyy biicqxbflc yodic ox pkslh vcyslx od qcvqcxsbl pbv bdh hoyvsqxokd od xmc Bvbf pkvlh, pmoim mby odhcch fccd xmc ibyc$ Xmc @cvebdy pcvc dkx kvo`odbl od qvkqkyod` Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd xk Ebhb`byibv> xmc Qkloym @kzcvdecdx mbh blvcbh ikdyohcvch xmc yimcec od vcyqcix kj xmcov kpd Gcpoym qkqslbxokd, bdh od 2?90 xmc ycdx xmc Eoimbcl Lcqcino c}qchoxokd xk Ebhb`byibv, biikeqbdoch f Gcpoym vcqvcycdxbxozcy, xk odzcyxo`bxc xmc qvkflcey odzklzch$ Xmc jovyx Dbwo qvkqkybly jkv b Ebhb`byibv yklsxokd pcvc ebhc od byykiobxokd poxm xmc Yimbimx Qlbd kj 2?9=$ Kd xmc bhzoic kj @kcvod`, Moxlcv b`vcch xk ycdh xmc Qvcyohcdx kj xmc Vcoimyfbdn, Hv$ Mgblebv Yimbimx, xk Lkdhkd jkv hoyisyyokdy poxm Gcpoym vcqvcycdxbxozcy Lkvh Fcbvyxch bdh Ev$ Vsflcc kj Dcp _kvn$ -Vcoxolod`cv, Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd, Lkdhkd, 2?39, q$ 61/ Xmc qlbd pby xmbx @cvebd Gcpoym byycxy pkslh fc jvkwcd by ycisvox jkv bd odxcvdbxokdbl lkbd xk jodbdic Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd od Qblcyxodc, bdh Yimbimx vcqkvxch kd xmcyc dc`kxobxokdy xk Moxlcv bx Fcvimvcy`bhcd kd Gbdsbv 6, 2?9?$ Xmc qlbd, pmoim jbolch hsc xk Fvoxoym vcjsybl xk biicqx xmc jodbdiobl xcvey, pby jovyx qsx jkvpbvh kd Dkzcefcv 26, 2?9= bx b ikdjcvcdic ikdzcdch f @kcvod`, pmk vczcblch xmbx Moxlcv pby blvcbh ikdyohcvod` xmc ceo`vbxokd kj Gcpy xk b ycxxlcecdx od Ebhb`byibv$ -Vcoxolod`cv, Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd, Lkdhkd, 2?39, q$61/ Lbxcv, od Hcicefcv, Voffcdxvkq pby xklh f E$ @ckv`cy Fkddcx, xmc Jvcdim Jkvco`d Ycivcxbv, xmbx xmc Jvcdim @kzcvdecdx oxyclj pby qlbddod` xmc czbisbxokd kj 21,111 Gcpy xk Ebhb`byibv$ Qvokv xk xmc Yimbimx Qblcyxodc qvkqkybly kj 2?9=, pmoim pcvc cyycdxobll b qvkxvbixokd kj hoyisyyokdy xmbx mbh fc`sd by cbvl by 2?93, dsecvksy bxxceqxy mbh fccd ebhc xk ycisvc Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd xk kxmcv Csvkqcbd dbxokdy, bdh xmcyc cjjkvxy isleodbxch od xmc Czobd Ikdjcvcdic kj Gsl, 2?9=$ Qb`c | 20
Mkpczcv, f 2?9? xmc yimcec kj Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd xk Ebhb`byibv mbh `bodch xmc ekyx jbzkv od @cvebd iovilcy$ Ox oy xvsc xmbx od Lkdhkd Mclesxm Pkmoxbx kj xmc @cvebd Jkvco`d Kjjoic hoyisyych loeoxch Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd xk Vmkhcyob bdh Fvoxoym @sobdb by lbxc by Bqvol 2?9?> fsx f Gbdsbv 68xm, pmcd @kcvod` pvkxc xk Odxcvokv Eodoyxcv Jvoin kvhcvod` xmc ivcbxokd kj b Icdxvbl Ceo`vbxokd Kjjoic jkv Gcpy, bdh ikeeoyyokdch Mchvoim kj xmc Vcoim Ycisvox Mcbh Kjjoic xk yklzc xmc Gcpoym qvkflce “f ecbdy kj ceo`vbxokd bdh czbisbxokd,― xmc Ebhb`byibv Qlbd pby fcod` yxshoch od cbvdcyx$ F 2?9?, xmc ikdyoyxcdx cjjkvx kj xmc @cvebd @kzcvdecdx xk ycisvc xmc hcqbvxsvc kj Gcpy jvke xmc Vcoim mbh vcyslxch od xmc ceo`vbxokd kj 811,111 @cvebd Gcpy jvke b xkxbl qkqslbxokd kj bfksx :11,111 bdh bd bhhoxokdbl 8=1,111 ceo`vbdxy jvke Bsyxvob bdh Iwcimkylkzbnob, pmoim ikdyxoxsxch blekyx xmcov cdxovc Gcpoym qkqslbxokdy$ Xmoy pby biikeqloymch xmvks`m Kjjoicy kj Gcpoym Ceo`vbxokd od Fcvlod, Zocddb bdh Qvb`sc cyxbfloymch f Bhklj Coimebdd, xmc mcbh kj xmc Gcpoym Odzcyxo`bxokd Kjjoic kj xmc @cyxbqk$ Yk cb`cv pcvc xmc @cvebd xk ycisvc xmoy ceo`vbxokd xmbx Coimebdd czcd cyxbfloymch b xvbodod` icdxcv od Bsyxvob, pmcvc ksd` Gcpy ikslh lcbvd jbveod` od bdxoioqbxokd kj fcod` yes``lch ollc`bll xk Qblcyxodc$ -Ebdzcll * Jvbdnl, Y$Y$ bdh @cyxbqk, q$ :1/ Mbh Moxlcv imcvoymch bd odxcdxokd kj c}xcveodbxod` xmc Gcpy, ox oy odikdicozbflc xmbx mc pkslh mbzc bllkpch ekvc xmbd =11,111 xk lcbzc Vcoim xcvvoxkv poxm xmc fsln kj xmcov pcblxm, esim lcyy ikdyohcvch qlbdy jkv xmcov ebyy ceo`vbxokd xk Qblcyxodc kv Ebhb`byibv$ Pmbx oy ekvc, pc ymbll ycc xmbx xmc qkloi kj ceo`vbxokd jvke Csvkqc pby yxoll sdhcv ikdyohcvbxokd pcll odxk xmc pbv qcvokh, dkxbfl xmc Ebhb`byibv Qlbd, pmoim Coimebdd hoyisyych od 2?81 poxm Jvcdim Iklkdobl Kjjoic c}qcvxy bjxcv xmc hcjcbx kj Jvbdic mbh ebhc xmc ysvvcdhcv kj xmc iklkd b qvbixoibl qvkqkyoxokd$
@cvebd Qkloi Xkpbvhy Xmc Gcpy Bjxcv xmc Ksxfvcbn kjj Pbv Poxm xmc ikeod` kj xmc pbv, xmc yoxsbxokd vc`bvhod` xmc Gcpy blxcvch hvbyxoibll$ Ox oy dkx pohcl ndkpd xmbx pkvlh Gcpv hcilbvch oxyclj xk fc b fcllo`cvcdx qbvx od xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, bdh xmcvc pby xmcvcjkvc beqlc fbyoy sdhcv odxcvdbxokdbl lbp jkv xmc @cvebdy xk odxcvd xmc Gcpoym qkqslbxokd by b mkyxolc jkvic$ Kd Ycqxcefcv , 2?9? Imboe Pcowebdd, xmc qvodioqlc Wokdoyx lcbhcv, mbh hcilbvch pbv b`bodyx @cvebd kd fcmblj kj xmc pkvlh‟y Gcpy, yxbxod` xmbx “xmc Gcpy yxbdh f @vcbx Fvoxbod bdh poll jo`mx kd xmc yohc kj xmc hcekivbiocy$$$Xmc Gcpoym B`cdi oy vcbh xk cdxcv odxk oeechobxc bvvbd`cecdxy jkv sxolowod` Gcpoym ebdqkpcv, xcimdoibl bfolox, vcyksvicy cxi$$$― -Gcpoym Imvkdoilc, Ycqxcefcv =, 2?9?/ Xmoy pby kdl b vcoxcvbxod` kj b yxbxc kj pbv pmoim blvcbh c}oyxch fcxpccd @cvebd bdh xmc Gcpy$ Jkv xmc pbv fcxpccd xmc xpk pby jovyx bddksdich &Gshcb hcilbvcy Pbv kd @cvebd$& -Hbol C}qvcyy, Ebvim 68, 2?98/
Hcxcdxokd Yxoll Jbzkvch Ox oy b vcebvnbflc jbix, mkpczcv, xmbx pcll odxk xmc pbv, xmc @cvebdy ikdxodsch k oeqlcecdx xmc qkloi kj Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd$ Xmc jbll kj Jvbdic od 2?81 cdbflch xmc @cvebd @kzcvdecdx xk kqcd ycvoksy dc`kxobxokdy poxm xmc Jvcdim jkv xmc xvbdyjcv kj Csvkqcbd Gcpy xk Ebhb`byibv$ Qb`c | 2=
B ecekvbdhse kj Bs`syx, 2?86 jvke Lsxmcv, Ycivcxbv kj Yxbxc od xmc @cvebd Jkvco`d Kjjoic, vczcbly xmbx mc mbh ikdhsixch xmcyc dc`kxobxokdy fcxpccd Gsl bdh Hcicefcv 2?81, pmcd xmc pcvc xcveodbxch f xmc Jvcdim$ B iovislbv jvke Lsxmcv‟y hcqbvxecdx hbxch Bs`syx 23xm, 2?81 ymkpy xmbx xmc hcxboly kj xmc @cvebd qlbd mbh fccd pkvnch ksx f Coimebdd, jkv ox oy yo`dch f moy byyoyxbdx, Hbdcincv$ Coimebdd mbh od jbix fccd ikeeoyyokdch od Bs`syx xk hvbp sq b hcxbolch Ebhb`byibv Qlbd, bdh Hbdcincv pby ceqlkch od vcycbvim kd Ebhb`byibv bx xmc Jvcdim Iklkdobl Kjjoic$ -Vcoxolod`cv, Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd, q$ 00/ Xmc qvkqkybly kj Bs`syx 23xm pcvc xmbx bd odxcv%Csvkqcbd fbdn pby xk jodbdic xmc ceo`vbxokd kj jksv eollokd Gcpy xmvks`mksx b qmbych qvk`vbe$ Lsxmcv‟y 2?86 ecekvbdhse ymkpy xmbx Mchvoim mbh kfxbodch Moeelcv‟y bqqvkzbl kj xmoy qlbd fcjkvc xmc cdh kj Bs`syx bdh mbh blyk ysfeoxxch ox xk @kcvod`$ Ox icvxbodl ecx poxm Moxlcv‟y bqqvkzbl, jkv by cbvl by Gsdc 20xm moy odxcvqvcxcv, Yimeohx, vciblly Moxlcv kfycvzod` xk Esyyklodo xmbx “Kdc ikslh jksdh b Yxbxc kj Oyvbcl od Ebhb`byibv$― -Yimeohx, Moxlcv‟y Odxcvqvcxcv, Lkdhkd, 2?32, q$ 20=/ Blxmks`m xmc Jvcdim xcveodbxch xmc Ebhb`byibv dc`kxobxokdy od Hcicefcv, 2?81, Qklobnkz, xmc hovcixkv kj xmc Icdxcv kj Gcpoym Hkisecdxbxokd od Qbvoy, bheoxy xmbx xmc @cvebdy dczcvxmclcyy qsvysch xmc yimcec, bdh xmbx Coimebdd pby yxoll fsy poxm ox xmvks`mksx 2?82$ Czcdxsbll, mkpczcv, ox pby vcdhcvch oeqvbixoibl f xmc qvk`vcyy kj xmc pbv, od qbvxoislbv f xmc yoxsbxokd bjxcv xmc odzbyokd kj Vsyyob, bdh kd Jcfvsbv 21xm, 2?86, xmc Jkvco`d Kjjoic pby odjkvech xmbx xmc qlbd mbh fccd xceqkvbvol ymclzch$ Xmoy vslod`, ycdx xk xmc Jkvco`d Kjjoic f Lsxmcv‟y byyoyxbdx, Vbhcebimcv, oy kj `vcbx oeqkvxbdic, fcibsyc ox hcekdyxvbxcy ikdilsyozcl xmbx xmc xcve―Jodbl Yklsxokd― ecbdx kdl xmc ceo`vbxokd kj Gcpy, bdh blyk xmbx xvbdyqkvxbxokd xk xmc cbyxcvd `mcxxky bdh ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy ysim by Bsyimpoxw ikdyxoxsxch dkxmod` fsx bd blxcvbxozc qlbd kj czbisbxokd$ Xmc hovcixozc vcbhy7 “Xmc pbv poxm xmc Ykzocx Sdokd mby od xmc ecbdxoec ivcbxch xmc qkyyofolox kj hoyqkyod` kj kxmcv xcvvoxkvocy jkv xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd$ Od ikdycrscdic xmc Jsmvcv mby hciohch xmbx xmc Gcpy ymkslh fc czbisbxch dkx xk Ebhb`byibv fsx xk xmc Cbyx$ Ebhb`byibv dcch dk lkd`cv, xmcvcjkvc, fc ikdyohcvch od ikddcixokd poxm xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd$― -Vcoxolod`cv, Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd, q$ 0?/ Xmc hcxboly kj xmoy czbisbxokd mbh fccd hoyisyych b ekdxm cbvlocv bx xmc Pbddycc Ikdjcvcdic od Fcvlod, pmoim ecekvbdhse pmoim pc ymbll c}beodc fclkp$ Vcoxolod`cv bdh Qkobnkz fkxm ebnc xmc cdxovcl sdjksdhch ysqqkyoxokd xmbx fcibsyc xmc Ebhb`byibv Qlbd mbh fccd ymclzch, xmc @cvebdy esyx dcicyybvol mbzc fccd xmodnod` kj “c}xcveodbxokd$― Kdl b ekdxm lbxcv, mkpczcv, kd Ebvim 0xm, 2?86, @kcffcly pvkxc b ecekvbdhse od jbzkv kj xmc Ebhb`byibv Qlbd by b “jodbl yklsxokd― kj xmc Gcpoym rscyxokd$ -Ebdzcll * Jvbdnl, Hv$ @kcfcy, Lkdhkd, 2?:1, q$ 2:3/ Od xmc ecbdxoec mc bqqvkzch kj xmc Gcpy fcod` “ikdicdxvbxch od xmc Cbyx$― Lbxcv @kcffcly ecekvbdhb blyk yxvcyy hcqkvxbxokd xk xmc Cbyx -o$c$, xmc @kzcvdecdx%@cdcvbl kj Qklbdh/bdh lb ceqmbyoy kd xmc dcch jkv ikeqslykv lbfkv xmcvc> kdic xmc qkloi kj czbisbxokd xk xmc Cbyx mbh fccd odbs`svbxch> xmc syc kj Gcpoym lbfkv fcibec b jsdhbecdxbl qbvx kj xmc kqcvbxokd$
Qb`c | 2?
Ox oy qcvjcixl ilcbv jvke xmc jkvc`kod` xmbx xmc xcve “Jodbl Yklsxokd― pby bqqloch fkxm xk Ebhb`byibv bdh xk xmc Cbyxcvd xcvvoxkvocy, bdh xmbx xmcvcjkvc ox ecbdx kdl xmc
HCQKVXBXOKD KJ XMC GCPY Czbd by lbxc by Eb 2?88, xmc @cvebdy pcvc qvcqbvch xk bllkp xmc ceo`vbxokd kj kdc eollokd Csvkqcbd Gcpy jkve Csvkqc$ Bd biiksdx kj xmoy qvkqkybl oy `ozcd f Blc}bdhcv Pcoyyfcv`, b qvkeodcdx Ykzocx Gcpoym yiocdxoyx hcqkvxch hsvod` xmc Yxblod qsv`cy, od moy fkkn Hoc @cyimoimc zkd Gkcl Fvbdh -Iklk`dc,2?3:/$ Pcoyyfcv`, pmk yqcdx xmc pbv od Ivbikp xmks`m mc c}qcixch xmc @cvebdy xk odxcvd moe od b ikdicdxvbxokd ibeq, c}qlbody xmbx kd xmc qcvykdbl bsxmkvowbxokd kj Moeelcv, Coimebdd mbh ycdx xmc Fshbqcyx Gcpoym lcbhcv Gkcl Fvbdh xk Oyxbdfsl poxm bd kjjcv xk xmc Bllocy xk qcveox xmc xvbdyjcv kj kdc eollokd Csvkqcbd Gcpy od xmc eohyx kj xmc pbv$ -Oj xmc “c}xcveodbxokd―pvoxcvy bvc xk fc fcloczch, xmcvc pcvc yibvicl kdc eollokd Gcpy lcjx f Eb, 2?88/$ Xmc @cyxbqk bheoxxch xmbx xmc xvbdyqkvxbxokd odzklzch pkslh `vcbxl odikdzcdocdic xmc @cvebd pbv%cjjkvx, fsx pcvc qvcqbvch xk bllkp ox od c}imbd`c jkv 21,111 xvsiny xk fc sych c}ilsyozcl kd xmc Vsyyobd jvkdx$ Sdjkvxsdbxcl, xmc qlbd ibec xk dkxmod`> xmc Fvoxoym ikdilshch xmbx Fvbdh esyx fc b hbd`cvksy Dbwo b`cdx bdh oeechobxcl oeqvoykdch moe od Ibovk, pmolc xmc qvcyy hcdksdich xmc kjjcv by b Dbwo xvoin$ Podyxkd Imsvimoll, xmks`m kvbxod` xk xmc cjjcix xmbx xmc xvcbxecdx kj xmc Msd`bvobd Gcpy pby qvkfbfl “xmc fo``cyx bdh ekyx mkvvoflc ivoec czcv ikeeoxxch od xmc pmklc moyxkv kj xmc pkvlh,― dczcvxmclcyy xklh Imboe Pcowebdd xmbx biicqxbdic kj xmc Fvbdh kjjcv pby oeqkyyoflc, yodic ox pkslh fc b fcxvbbl kj moy Vsyyobd bllocy$ Blxmks`m xmc qlbd pby pby jvsoxlcyy, ox pcll ollsyxvbxcy xmbx dk kdc bllc`chl ibvvod` ksx “xmkvks`m― c}xcveodbxokd pkslh qcveox xmc ceo`vbxokd kj b eollokd Gcpy, bdh ox hcekdyxvbxcy, xkk, xmc qvoec oeqkvxbdic qlbich f xmc @cvebdy kd xmc pbv%cjjkvx$
Qkqslbxokd Bdh Ceo`vbxokd Yxbxoyxoiy vclbxod` xk Gcpoym qkqslbxokdy bvc dkx czcvpmcvc ndkpd od qvcioyc hcxbol, bqqvk}oebxokdy jkv zbvoksy iksdxvocy hojjcvod` pohcl, bdh ox blyk sdndkpd c}bixl mkp ebd Gcpy pcvc hcqkvxch bdh odxcvdch b bd kdc xoec fcxpccd xmc cbvy 2?9?%2?83$ Od `cdcvbl, mkpczcv, pmbx vclobflc yxbxoyxoiy xmcvc bvc, cyqciobll xmkyc vclbxod` xk ceo`vbxokd, bvc ysjjoiocdx xk ymkp xmbx dkx b jvbixokd kj yo} eollokd Gcpy ikslh mbzc fccd c}xcveodbxch$ Od xmc jovyx qlbic, xmoy ilboe ibddkx vcekxcl fc sqmclh kd c}beodbxokd kj xmc Csvkqcbd Gcpoym qkqslbxokd jo`svcy$ Biikvhod` xk “Imbecvy Cdiilkqchob― xmc xkxbl dsefcv kj Gcpy lozod` od qvc%pbv Csvkqc pby, :,311,111$ Rsoxc ilcbvl, xmoy pkslh ecbd xmbx blekyx xmc cdxovc dsefcv pcvc c}xcveodbxch$ Fsx xmc “Fbyclcv Dbimvoimxcd,― b dcsxvbl Ypoyy qsfloibxokd ceqlkod` bzbolbflc Gcpoym yxbxoyxoibl hbxb, cyxbfloymcy xmbx fcxpccd 2?99 bdh 2?83, 2,311,111 Gcpy ceo`vbxch xk Fvoxbod, Ypchcd, Yqbod, Qkvxs`bl, Bsyxvblob, Imodb, Odhob, Qblcyxodc bdh xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy$ Xmoy oy ikdjovech f xmc Gcpoym gksvdbloyx Fvsdk Flbs, pmk ioxcy xmc ybec jo`svc od xmc Dcp _kvn Gcpoym qbqcv “Bsjfbs,― Bs`syx 29xm, 2?8=$ Kj xmcyc ceo`vbdxy, bqqvk}oebxcl 811,111 ibec jvke @cvebd fcjkvc Ycqxcefcv 2?9?$ Xmoy oy bindkplch`ch f xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym Ikd`vcyy od oxy qsfloibxokd “Sdox od Hoyqcvyokd,― q$ 900, pmoim yxbxcy xmbx7 “Xmc ebgkvox kj xmc @cvebd Gcpy ysiicchch od lcbzod` @cvebd FCJKVC XMC PBV FVKNC KSX$― Od bhhoxokd xk xmc @cvebd Gcpy, 661,111 kj xmc xkxbl 6=1,111 Bsyxvobd Gcpy mbh ceo`vbxch f Ycqxcefcv, 2?9?, pmolc jvke Ebvim 2?9? kdpbvhy xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Gcpoym ceo`vbxokd od Qb`c | 61
Qvb`sc mbh ycisvch xmc ceo`vbxokd kj 6:1,111 Gcpy jvke jkvecv Iwcimkylkzbnob$ Od bll, kdl 9:1,111 Gcpy vcebodch od @cvebd, Bsyxvob bdh Iwcimkylkzbnob bjxcv Ycqxcefcv 2?9?$ Jvke Qklbdh, bd cyxoebxch 311,111 mbh ceo`vbxch qvokv xk xmc ksxfvcbn kj pbv$ Xmcyc jo`svcy ecbd xmbx xmc dsefcv kj Gcpoym ceo`vbdxy jvke kxmcv Csvkqcbd iksdxvocy -Jvbdic, xmc Dcxmcvlbdhy, Oxbl, xmc iksdxvocy kj Cbyxcvd Csvkqc cxi$/ pby bqqvk}oebxcl 261,111$ Xmoy c}khsy kj Gcpy fcjkvc bdh hsvod` mkyxoloxocy, xmcvcjkvc, vchsicy xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy od Csvkqc xk bqqvk}oebxcl 3 eollokd$ Od bhhoxokd xk xmkyc ceo`vbdxy, pc esyx blyk odilshc xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy pmk jlch xk xmc Ykzocx Sdokd bjxcv 2?9?, bdh pmk pcvc lbxcv czbisbxch fckdh vcbim kj xmc @cvebd odzbhcvy$ Ox poll fc ymkpd fclkp xmbx xmc ebgkvox kj xmcyc, bfksx 2,631,111 pcvc eo`vbdxy jvke Qklbdh$ Fsx bqbvx jvke Qklbdh, Vcoxolod`cv bheoxy xmbx 911,111 kxmcv Csvkqcbd Gcpy yloqqch odxk Ykzocx xcvvoxkv fcxpccd 2?9? bdh 2?82$ Xmoy fvod`y xmc xkxbl kj Gcpoym ceo`vbdxy xk xmc Ykzocx Sdokd xk bfksx 2,331,111$ Od “Ikllocvy Eb`bwodc,― Gsdc ?xm, 2?83, Jvcolod` Jkyxcv, pvoxod` kj xmc Gcpy od Vsyyob, c}qlbodch xmbx “6,611,111 mbzc eo`vbxch xk xmc Ykzocx Sdokd yodic 2?9? xk cyibqc jvke xmc Dbwoy,― fsx ksv lkpcv cyxoebxc oy qvkfbfl ekvc biisvbxc$ Gcpoym eo`vbxokd xkx mc Ykzocx Sdokd, xmcvcjkvc, vchsicy xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy poxmod xmc yqmcvc kj @cvebd kiisqbxokd xk bvksdh 92+6 eollokd, bqqvk}oebxcl 9,831,111$ Jvke xmcyc ymkslh fc hchsixch xmkyc Gcpy lozod` od dcsxvbl Csvkqcbd iksdxvocy pmk cyibqch xmc ikdycrscdicy kj xmc pbv$ Biikvhod` xk xmc 2?86 “Pkvlh Blebdbi― q$ 3?8 xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy lozod` od @ofvblxbv, Fvoxbod, Qkvxs`bl, Yqbod, Ypchcd, Ypoxwcvlbdh, Ovclbdh bdh Xsvnc pby 829,26=$
Xmvcc Eollokd Gcpy od Csvkqc B jo`svc, ikdycrscdxl, kj bfksx b eollokd Gcpy od @cvebd%kiisqoch Csvkqc oy bd biisvbxc by xmc bzbolbflc ceo`vbxokd yxbxoyxoiy poll bllkp$ Bqqvk}oebxcl xmc ybec dsefcv, mkpczcv, ibd fc hchsich od bdkxmcv pb oj pc c}beodc yxbxoyxoiy jkv xmc Gcpoym qkqslbxokdy vcebodod` od iksdxvocy kiisqoch f xmc Vcoim$ Ekvc xmbd mblj kj xmkyc Gcpy pmk eo`vbxch xk xmc Ykzocx Sdokd bjxcv 2?9? ibec jvke Qklbdh$ Ox oy jvcrscdxl ilboech xmbx xmc pbv poxm Qklbdh bhhch ykec 9 eollokd Gcpy xk xmc @cvebd yqmcvc kj odjlscdic bdh xmbx blekyx xmc pmklc kj xmoy Qkloym Gcpoym qkqslbxokd pby “c}xcveodbxch$― Xmoy oy b ebgkv jbixsbl cvvkv$ Xmc 2?92 Gcpoym qkqslbxokd icdysy jkv Qklbdh qsx xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy bx 6,096,:11$ -Vcoxolod`cv, Hoc Cdhxkysd`, q$ 9:/ Vcoxolod`cv yxbxcy xmbx bx lcbyx 2,201,111 kj xmcyc pcvc od xmc Vsyyobd wkdc kiisqoch od xmc bsxsed kj 2?8?, bfksx b eollokd kj pmke pcvc czbisbxch xk xmc Svbly bdh yksxm Yofcvob bjxcv xmc @cvebd odzbyokd kj Gsdc 2?82$ -Vcoxolod`cv, Hoc Cdhxkysd`, q$ 31/ By hcyivofch bfkzc, bd cyxoebxch 311,111 Gcpy mbh ceo`vbxch jvke Qklbdh qvokv xk xmc pbv$ Ekvckzcv, xmc gksvdbloyx Vbekdh Bvxmsv Hbzoy, pmk yqcdx xmc pbv od xmc Ykzocx Sdokd, kfycvzch xmbx bqqvk}oebxcl 631,111 mbh blvcbh jlch jvke @cvebd%kiisqoch Qklbdh xk Vsyyob fcxpccd 2?9? bdh 2?82 bdh pcvc xk fc cdiksdxcvch od czcv Ykzocx qvkzodic$ -Khyyc xmvks`m Mcll, D$_$ 2?8:/ Ysfxvbixod` xmcyc jo`svcy jvke xmc qkqslbxokd kj 6,096,:11, xmcvcjkvc, bdh bllkpod` jkv xmc dkvebl qkqslbxokd odivcbyc dk ekvc xmbd 2,211,111 Qkloym Gcpy ikslh mbzc fccd sdhcv @cvebd vslc bx xmc cdh kj 2?9?$ -@sxbimcdhcy Odyxoxsxy jsv Wcox`cymoimoc Esdoim,2?3:, q$ 31/
Qb`c | 62
Xk xmoy dsefcv pc eb bhh xmc 9:1,111 Gcpy vcebodod` od @cvebd, Bsyxvob bdh Iwcimkylkzbnob -Fkmceob%Ekvbzob bdh Ylkzbnob/ bjxcv xmc c}icyyozc ceo`vbxokd jvke xmvcc iksdxvocy qvokv k xmc pbv hcyivofch bfkzc$ Kj xmc 961,111 Jvcdim Gcpy, xmc Qsfloi Qvkycisxkv vcqvcycdxod` xmbx bvx kj xmc odhoixecdx vclbxod` xk Jvbdic bx xmc Dsvcefcv` Xvobly, yxbxch xmbx261,111 Gcpy pcvc hcqkvxch, xmvks`m Vcoxolod`cv cyxoebxcy kdl bfksx 31,111$ Xmsy xmc xkxbl dsefcv kj Gcpy sdhcv Dbwo vslc vcebody fclkp xpk eollokd$ Hcqkvxbxokdy jvke xmc Yibdhodbzobd iksdxvocy pcvc jcp, bdh jvke Fsl`bvob dkdc bx bll$ Pmcd xmc Gcpoym qkqslbxokdy kj Mkllbdh -281,111/, Fcl`ose -81,111/, Oxbl -31,111/, _s`kylbzob -33,111/, Msd`bv -9=1,111/ bdh Vksebdob -063,111/ bvc odilshch, xmc jo`svc hkcy dkx esim c}icch 9 eollokd$ Moy c}icyy oy hsc xk xmc jbix xmbx xmc lbxxcv jo`svcy bvc qvc%pbv cyxoebxcy sdbjjcixch f ceo`vbxokd, pmoim jvke xmcyc iksdxvocy biiksdxch jkv bfksx 261,111 -ycc bfkzc/$ Xmoy ivkyy% imcinod`, xmcvcjkvc, ikdjovey xmc cyxoebxc kj bqqvk}oebxcl 6 eollokd Csvkqcbd Gcpy sdhcv @cvebd kiisqbxokd$
Vsyyobd Gcpy Czbisbxch Xmc qvcioyc jo`svcy ikdicvdod` Vsyyobd Gcpy bvc sdndkpd, bdh mbzc xmcvcjkvc fccd xmc ysfgcix kj c}xvcec c}b``cvbxokd$ Xmc Gcpoym yxbxoyxoiobd Gbikf Lcywiwdyno yxbxcy xmbx od 2?9? xmcvc pcvc 6,211,111 Gcpy lozod` od jsxsvc @cvebd%kiisqoch Vsyyob, o$c$, Pcyxcvd Vsyyob$ Od bhhoxokd, ykec 6:1,111 lozch od xmc Fblxoi yxbxcy kj Cyxkdob, Lbxzob, bdh Loxmsbdob$ Biikvhod` xk Lksoy Lczodc, Qvcyohcdx kj xmc Becvoibd Gcpoym Iksdiol jkv Vsyyobd Vclocj, pmk ebhc b qkyx%pbv xksv kj xmc Ykzocx Sdokd bdh ysfeoxxch b vcqkvx kd xmc yxbxsy kj Gcpy xmcvc, xmc ebgkvox kj xmcyc dsefcvy pcvc czbisbxch cbyx bjxcv xmc @cvebd bveocy lbsdimch xmcov odzbyokd$ Od Imoib`k, kd Kixkfcv 91m, 2?8:, mc hcilbvch xmbx7 “BX XMC KSXYCX KJ XMC PBV, GCPY PCVC BEKD@YX XMC JOVYX CZBISBXCH JVKE XMC PCYXCVD VC@OKDY xmvcbxcdch f xmc Moxlcvoxc odzbhcvy,
BDH YMOQQCH XK YBJCX_ CBYX KJ XMC SVBLY$ XPK EOLLOKD GCPY PCVC XMSY YBZCH$― Xmoy mo`m dsefcv oy ikdjovech f xmc Gcpoym gksvdbloyx Hbzoh Fcv`clykd, pmk pvkxc od xmc Ekyikp _ohhoym qbqcv “Bodoncox,― Hcicefcv 3xm, 2?86, xmbx “Xmbdny xkx mc czbisbxokd, xmc ebgkvox -=1#/ kj mc Gcpy od xmc Snvbodc, Pmoxc Vsyyob, Loxmsbdob bdh Lbxzob fcjkvc xmc bvvozbl kj xmc @cvebdy pcvc vcyisch$― Vcoxolod`cv b`vccy poxm xmc Gcpoym bsxmkvox Gkycqm Yimcimxebdd, pmk bheoxy xmbx ms`c dsefcvy pcvc czbisbxch, xmvks`m mc cyxoebxcy b ylo`mxl mo`mcv dsefcv kj Vsyyobd bdh Fblxoi Gcpy lcjx sdhcv @cvebd kiisqbxokd, fcxpccd :31,111 bdh =31,111$ -Vcoxolod`cv, Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd, q$ 8??/ Od vcyqcix kj xmcyc Ykzocx Gcpy vcebodod` od @cvebd xcvvoxkv, ox poll fc qvkzcd lbxcv xmbx od xmc pbv od Vsyyob dk ekvc xmbd kdc msdhvch xmksybdh qcvykdy pcvc nollch f xmc @cvebd Bixokd @vksqy by qbvxoybdy bdh Fklymczon ikeeoyybvy, dkx bll kj pmke pcvc Gcpy$ F ikdxvbyx, xmc qbvxoybdy xmceyclzcy ilboech xk mbzc esvhcvch jozc xoecy xmbx dsefcv kj @cvebd xvkkqy$
Xvcflodnb7 Dk Xvbic kj Ebyy @vbzcy Xvcflodnb @vksdh Vbhbv C}beodbxokd Jodhy Dk Xvbic kj Ebyy @vbzcy B hcxbolch jkvcdyoi c}beodbxokd kj xmc yoxc kj xmc pbvxoec Xvcflodnb ibeq, syod` ykqmoyxoibxch clcixvkdoi `vksdh vbhbv, mby jksdh dk czohcdic kj ebyy `vbzcy xmcvc$ Qb`c | 66
Jkv yo} hby od Kixkfcv 2???, bd Bsyxvblobd xcbe mcbhch f Voimbvh Nvc`c, b rsblojoch clcixvkdoiy cd`odccv, ibvvoch ksx bd c}beodbxokd kj xmc ykol bx xmc yoxc kj xmc jkvecv Xvcflodnb OO ibeq od Qklbdh, pmcvc, Mklkibsyx moyxkvobdy yb, ekvc xmbd mblj b eollokd Gcpy pcvc qsx xk hcbxm od `by imbefcvy bdh xmcd fsvoch od ebyy `vbzcy$ Biikvhod` xk xmc Cdiilkqchob kj xmc Mklkibsyx -2??0/, jkv c}beqlc, &b xkxbl kj =01,111 qckqlc& pcvc nollch bdh fsvoch bx Xvcflodnb fcxpccd Gsl 2?86 bdh Bqvol 2?89$ Xmcd, fcxpccd Bqvol bdh Gsl 2?89, xmc msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj ikvqycy pcvc bllc`chl hs` sq bdh fsvdch od fbximcy kj 6,111 kv 6,311 kd lbv`c `vohy ebhc kj vbolpb xocy$ Nvc`c'y xcbe sych bd (=1,111 @vksdh Qcdcxvbxokd Vbhbv -@QV/ hczoic, pmoim ycdhy ksx zcvxoibl vbhbv yo`dbly xmbx bvc zoyoflc kd b ikeqsxcv ekdoxkv$ @QV hcxcixy bd lbv`c%yiblc hoyxsvfbdicy od xmc ykol yxvsixsvc xk b dkvebl cjjcixozc hcqxm kj jksv kv jozc ecxcvy, bdh ykecxoecy sq xk xcd ecxcvy$ -@QV hczoicy bvc vksxodcl sych bvksdh xmc pkvlh f `cklk`oyxy, bvimcklk`oyxy, bdh qkloic$/ Od oxy Xvcflodnb odzcyxo`bxokd, Nvc`c'y xcbe blyk ibvvoch ksx zoysbl ykol odyqcixokdy, bdh sych bd bs`cv xk xbnc dsecvksy ykol ikvc ybeqlcy$ Xmc xcbe ibvcjsll c}beodch xmc cdxovc Xvcflodnb OO yoxc, cyqciobll xmc bllc`ch &ebyy `vbzcy& qkvxokd, bdh ibvvoch ksx ikdxvkl c}beodbxokdy kj xmc ysvvksdhod` bvcb$ Xmc jksdh dk ykol hoyxsvfbdic ikdyoyxcdx poxm xmc fsvobl kj msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj fkhocy, kv czcd czohcdic xmbx xmc `vksdh mbh czcv fccd hoyxsvfch$ Od bhhoxokd, Nvc`c bdh moy xcbe jksdh dk czohcdic kj odhozohsbl `vbzcy, fkdc vcebody, msebd bymcy, kv pkkh bymcy$ &Jvke xmcyc yibdy pc ikslh ilcbvl ohcdxoj xmc lbv`cl sdhoyxsvfch mkvowkdxbl yxvbxo`vbqmoi lbcvod`, fcxxcv ndkpd by mkvowkdy, kj xmc ykol sdhcv xmc ibeq yoxc,& yby xmc 91%cbv klh Nvc`c, pmk lozcy od Ibdfcvvb$ &Pc ndkp jvke yibdy kj `vbzc yoxcy, bdh kxmcv yoxcy poxm ndkpd ykol hoyxsvfbdicy, ysim by rsbvvocy, pmcd xmoy dbxsvbl lbcvod` oy ebyyozcl hoyvsqxch kv eoyyod` blxk`cxmcv$& Fcibsyc dkvebl `cklk`oibl qvkicyycy bvc zcv ylkp bixod`, hoyvsqxokd kj xmc ykol yxvsixsvc pkslh mbzc fccd hcxcixbflc czcd bjxcv :1 cbvy, Nvc`c dkxch$ Pmolc moy odoxobl odzcyxo`bxokd ys``cyxy xmbx xmcvc pcvc dczcv bd ebyy `vbzcy bx xmc Xvcflodnb ibeq yoxc, Nvc`c fcloczcy xmbx jsvxmcv pkvn oy yxoll ibllch jkv$ &Moyxkvobdy yb xmbx xmc fkhocy pcvc c}msech bdh ivcebxch xkpbvhy xmc cdh kj xmc Xvcflodnb ibeq'y syc od 2?89, fsx pc jksdh dk odhoibxokd xmbx bd ebyy `vbzcy czcv c}oyxch,& mc yby$ &Qcvykdbll, O hkd'x xmodn xmcvc pby bd c}xcveodbxokd ibeq xmcvc bx bll$& Nvc`c oy qvcqbvod` b hcxbolch vcqkvx kd moy Xvcflodnb odzcyxo`bxokd$ Mc yby xmbx mc pkslh pclikec xmc jkvebxokd, qkyyofl sdhcv Sdoxch Dbxokdy bsyqoicy, kj bd odxcvdbxokdbl xcbe kj dcsxvbl, rsblojoch yqciobloyxy, xk ibvv ksx yoeolbv odzcyxo`bxokdy bx xmc yoxcy kj bll xmc pbvxoec @cvebd ibeqy$ Nvc`c bdh moy xcbe bvc byykiobxch poxm, bdh jsdhch f, xmc Bhclbohc Odyxoxsxc, b yksxm Bsyxvblob vczoyokdoyx &xmodn xbdn$& Oxy hovcixkv, Hv$ Jvchvoin Xkfcd, pby gbolch od @cvebd jkv yczcd ekdxmy od 2??? jkv hoyqsxod` Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd ilboey$ -&'Zcvdoimxsd`ylb`cv' Xvcflodnb7 bvimbclk`oyim fcxvbimxcx,& f Od`$ Voimbvh Nvc`c, od Zocvxclgbvmvcymcjxc jüv jvcoc @cyimoimxyjkvyimsd`, Gsdc 6111 ^8$ G`$, Mcjx 2U, qq$ :6%:8> &'Dk Gcpoym ebyy `vbzc' od Qklbdh,& Xmc Ibdfcvvb Xoecy, Gbd$ 68, 6111, q$ :> &Qklbdh'y Gcpy 'dkx fsvoch bx Xvcflodnb',& Xmc C}beodcv ^BsyxvblobU, Gbd$ 68, 6111$ ^Xmc lbxxcv xpk dcpyqbqcv oxcey bvc vcqvodxch od jbiyoeolc od ZMK%odjk, Eb 6111, q$ 91$U> Odjkvebxokd qvkzohch f Voimbvh Nvc`c> E$ Pcfcv bdh B$ Bllcd, &Xvcflodnb,& Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Yseecv 2??6, qq$ 299%23=> Qb`c | 69
Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp | Zklsec 2?, dsefcv 9 -Eb+Gsdc/> &@cvebd Iksvx Ycdxcdicy Bsyxvblobd Mklkibsyx Yncqxoi,& Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Gsl%Bs`syx 2???, qq$ 6%3> _$ Bvbh, &Xvcflodnb,& od O$ @sxebd, ch$, Cdiilkqchob kj xmc Mklkibsyx ^Dcp _kvn7 2??0U, qq$ 28=2%28==$//
“Yo} Eollokd― Sdxvsc Biikvhod` xk Dcsxvbl Ypoyy Ox oy ilcbv, xmcvcjkvc, xmbx xmc @cvebdy ikslh dkx qkyyofl mbzc `bodch ikdxvkl kzcv kv c}xcveodbxch bdxmod` lonc yo} eollokd Gcpy$ C}ilshod` xmc Ykzocx Sdokd, xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy od Dbwo%kiisqoch Csvkqc bjxcv ceo`vbxokd pby yibvicl ekvc xmbd 9 eollokd, f dk ecbdy bll kj pmke pcvc odxcvdch$ Xk bqqvkbim xmc c}xcveodbxokd kj czcd mblj kj yo} eollokd pkslh mbzc ecbdx xmc lorsohbxokd kj czcv Gcp lozod` od Csvkqc$ Dkxmod` fcxxcv ollsyxvbxcy xmc hcilodod` qlbsyofolox kj xmc Yo} Eollokd lc`cdh xmbd xmc jbix xmbx xmc qvkycisxokd bx xmc Coimebdd xvobl hclofcvbxcl bzkohch ecdxokdod` xmc jo`svc$ Ekvckzcv, kjjoiobl Gcpoym cyxoebxcy kj xmc ibysblxocy bvc fcod` rsocxl vczoych hkpdpbvhy$ Ksv bdblyoy kj xmc qkqslbxokd bdh ceo`vbxokd yxbxoyxoiy, by pcll by xmc yxshocy f xmc Ypoyy “Fbyclcv Dbimvoimxcd― bdh Qvkjcyykv Vbyyodocv, hcekdyxvbxc xmbx ox pkslh mbzc fccd yoeql oeqkyyoflc jkv xmc dsefcv kj Gcpoym ibysblxocy xk mbzc c}icchch b loeox kj kdc bdh b mblj eollokd$ Hksfxlcyy, yczcvbl xmksybdh Gcpoym qckqlc hoh hoc od xmc iksvyc kj xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, fsx xmoy esyx fc yccd od xmc ikdxc}x kj b pbv xmbx ikyx ebd eollokdy kj oddkicdx zoixoey kd bll yohcy$ Xk qsx xmc ebxxcv od qcvyqcixozc, jkv c}beqlc, pc eb qkodx ksx xmbx 011,111 Vsyyobd iozolobdy hoch hsvod` xmc yoc`c kj Lcdod`vbh, bdh b xkxbl kj 6,131,111 @cvebd iozolobdy pcvc nollch od Blloch bov vbohy bdh jkvich vcqbxvobxokd bjxcv -Kqcvbxokd Ncclmbsl/ bjxcv xmc pbv$ Xmc rscyxokd ekyx qcvxodcdx xk xmc c}xcveodbxokd lc`cdh oy, kj iksvyc7 Mk ebd kj xmc 9 eollokd Csvkqcbd Gcpy, sdhcv @cvebd ikdxvkl, ysvzozch bjxcv 2?83; Xmc Gcpoym Gkodx Hoyxvofsxokd Ikeeoxxcc cyxoebxch xmc dsefcv kj ysvzozkvy od Csvkqc xk fc kdl kdc bdh mblj eollokd, fsx ysim b jo`svc oy dkp xkxbll sdbiicqxbflc$ Xmoy oy qvkzcd f xmc `vkpod` dsefcv kj Gcpy ibleod` ikeqcdybxokd jvke xmc Pcyx @cvebd @kzcvdecdx jkv mbzod` bllc`chl ysjjcvch fcxpccd 2?9? bdh 2?83$ F 2?:3, xmc dsefcv kj xmcyc ilboebdxy vc`oyxcvch poxm xmc Pcyx @cvebd @kzcvdecdx mbh xvoqlch od xcd cbvy bdh vcbimch 9,903,111$ -Bsjfbs, Gsdc 91xm, 2?:3/ Dkxmod` ikslh fc b ekvc hczbyxbxod` qvkkj kj xmc fvbwcd jbdxby kj xmc Yo} Eollokd$ Ekyx kj xmcyc ilboebdxy bvc Gcpy, yk xmcvc ibd fc dk hksfx xmbx xmc ebgkvox kj xmc 9 eollokd Gcpy pmk c}qcvocdich xmc Dbwo kiisqbxokd kj Csvkqc bvc, od jbix, zcv esim blozc$ Ox oy b vcyksdhod` ikdjovebxokd kj xmc jbix xmbx Gcpoym ibysblxocy hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv ibd kdl fc cyxoebxch bx b jo`svc od xmksybdhy$
Xmc Dcp Gcpoym Vclo`okd, Xmc “Ysqqkych― Gcpoym Mklkibsyx Xkhb, bx xmoy lbxc mksv kj xmc moyxkv kj Pmoxc Imvoyxobdox, xmc Gcp mby yks`mx xk fvbodpbym sdchsibxch bdh o`dkvbdx `cdcvbxokdy odxk xmc eoyqlbich qox bdh ykvvkp kj pmbx ibd kdl fc ibllch XMC GCPOYM MKLKIBSYX VCLO@OKD$ Qb`c | 68
Gcpy bvc bllkpch xk xcbim qckqlc xk mbxc Gcysy Imvoyx bdh flbyqmcec Bleo`mx @kh, cx xmc bvc bheovch bdh qoxoch f ekyx qckqlc od xmc pkvlh, pmolc xmc xcll flbxbdx locy bfksx xmc yk%ibllch @cvebd &hcbxm ibeqy$& Xmcyc locy ibddkx fc qvkzcd yiocdxojoibll bdh bvc locy hcyo`dch kdl xk fc imcbq, Gcpoym qsfloi vclbxokd qvkqb`bdhb xk odzknc qox jkv xmc Gcpy, pmolc xmc qoin xmc Becvoibd Pmoxc Ebd'y qkincxy bdh vboh Pmoxc Becvoib lonc b ikvqkvbxc lbpcv$ Xmc qox mcbqch kd xmce oy eoyqlbich qox xmbx ymkslh fc hovcixch xk Gcysy Imvoyx, by Mc pby xmc kdl oddkicdx qcvykd czcv xk pbln xmc jbic kj xmc cbvxm, bdh cx pby qsx xk hcbxm f xmc Gcpoym qckqlc$ Dkp, mkpczcv, czcd xmks`m xmc Gcpy fcloczc bdh xcbim od xmcov ydb`k`scy xmbx Gcysy oy fkolod` od c}ivcecdx od Mcll, xk ibll b Gcp b Imvoyx%nollcv oy bd kjjcdyc xmbx mby qsx qckqlc od gbol jkv esim kj xmcov lozcy$ Xmc Mklkibsyx Mc pby jovyx jbfvoibxch f xmc mcbh kj xmc N@F, xmc Gcp Lbzvcdx Fcvob$ Yodic xmcd, pccn bjxcv pccn, jkv blekyx jojx cbvy, xmc xclczoyokd, vbhok, bdh echob mbzc ikdxodsch xk fvbodpbym xmc Becvoibd qsfloi poxm yikvcy kj moyxkvoibll odbiisvbxc bdxo%Dbwo bdh bdxo%@cvebd ekzocy, ilboeod` b @cvebd ikdyqovbi xk ikeeox `cdkiohc b`bodyx xmc Gcpoym qckqlc$ _cx, dk ikdyqovbi kv yk%ibllch &Jodbl Yklsxokd& mby czcv fccd qvkzcd xk mbzc c}oyxch bekd` xmc Dbwo lcbhcvymoq$ Ox oy xvsc xmbx msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj qckqlc hoch hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO, bdh cy, b yebll qcvicdxb`c kj xmce pcvc Gcpy$ Ox oy xvsc xmbx xmksybdhy hoch od xmc odxcvdecdx ibeqy, ebd kj pmke pcvc ikdjcyych cdceocy kj xmc dbxokdbl yxbxc$ Ykec pcvc `qyocy, Ikeesdoyxy, Fbqxoyxy, Ebykdy, mkekyc}sbly, Gcmkzbm'y Poxdcyycy, @cvebdy, Qklcy, Iwcimy bdh Jvcdimecd$ Xmc Gcpy mbzc fccd c}qkych xk ilboe xmbx xmkyc dkd%Gcpy pmk hoch od xmc ibeqy pcvc Gcpoym od kvhcv xk jsvxmcv c}b``cvbxc xmc dsefcvy kj Gcpy pmk hoch od ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$ Ox oy zcv oeqkvxbdx, jkv xmc ybnc kj xvsxm, xk vcecefcv xmbx xmc pkvn kv odhsyxvobl ibeqy pcvc ikdxodsksyl c}qkych xk vbeqbdx hoycbycy$ Bx xmc xoec xmbx xmcyc ibeqy c}oyxch xmvks`mksx Csvkqc, xmcvc pcvc dk eb`oi hvs`y lonc ksv bdxofokxoiy$ Ekyx qckqlc od xmc Csvkqcbd ibeqy hoch kj hycdxcv, odjlscdwb, kv qcvmbqy mcqbxoxoy F, xsfcvislkyoy, imklcvb, xqmsy, kv czcd klh b`c$ Yk ox eb fc yboh xmbx pmolc xmc ebgkvox kj hcbxmy pcvc kj dbxsvbl ibsycy kv hoycbyc, xmc pcvc dczcvxmclcyy qvcebxsvc fcibsyc kj xmc pbv$ Xblnod` bfksx dsefcvy lcx sy c}beodc b jcp mcvc7 2/$ Mkp lkd` hkcy ox xbnc xk ivcebxc b fkh; Bdypcv7 Biikvhod` xk ivcebxkv kqcvbxkvy xkhb, ox xbncy ekvc bfksx xpk mksvy xk ikeqlcxcl ivcebxc b fkh$ 6/$ Mkp lkd` hoh ox xbnc xk ivcebxc b fkh hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO; Bdypcv7 Ivcebxokd pby b vclbxozcl dcp xmod` od xmc cbvl 81y bdh xmcvcjkvc ox xkkn ekvc xmbd jksv mksvy xk ivcebxc b yod`lc fkh$ Ox pkslh mbzc fccd oeqkyyoflc xk ivcebxc ekvc xmbd kdc fkh bx b xoec, jkv poxm ekvc fkhocy xmc xoec dcchch xk ivcbxc xmc fkhocy pkslh odivcbyc poxm cbim fkh$ Jvke kdc fkh bdh jksv mksvy xk xmvcc fkhocy bdh co`mx mksvy, jksv fkhocy bdh 26 mksvy bdh cxi$ 9/$ Mkp esim vcyohsc bdh bymcy bvc lcjx bjxcv b fkh oy ivcebxch; Bdypcv7 Xkhb xmcvc oy bfksx 21 xk 26 qksdhy kj vcyohsc, hcqcdhod` sqkd xmc yowc kj xmc fkh> bdh xmbx oy poxm xmc vcyohsc fcod` vsd xmvks`m b `vodhcv xk vchsic xmc lbv`cv fkdc jvb`ecdxy odxk yebllcv kdc$ Od xmc 81y xmcvc pkslh mbzc fccd 81 xk 31 qksdhy kj vcyohsc bdh
Qb`c | 63
dk `vodhod` xk vchsic xmc lbv`cv fkdc bdh ecbx jvb`ecdxy, yk xmcvc pkslh mbzc dk kxmcv vchsixokd od xmc yowc kj xmc fkh$ 9/$ Mkp esim pco`mx od bymcy bdh fkdc jvb`ecdxy pkslh ox xbnc xk joll b fk} ibv kv mkqqcv ibv; Bdypcv7 Xmc Csvkqcbd vbol ibvy bvc bfksx µ xmc yowc kj xmc kdcy od xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy, xmcd bdh dkp$ Yk ox pkslh mbzc xbncd bfksx 61,111 qksdhy kj vcyohsc xk joll b fk} ibv$ 8/$ Mkp ebd ecd pkslh ox mbzc xbncd xk xvbdyjcv xmc vcyohsc jvke xmc kzcdy xk xmc vbol yohod` pmcvc xmc pkslh mbzc fccd lkbhch ksx kd; Bdypcv7 Poxm kdc ebd bdh kdc pmccl fkvvkp pmoim pkslh mbzc mclh bfksx 31 qksdhy kj vcyohsc ox pkslh mbzc xbncd bfksx 611 msdhvch ecd xk xvbdyjcv xmc 61,111 qksdhy xmbx pkslh joll xmc fk} ibv$ Xmcyc ecd pkslh mbzc mbh xk ekzc ikdyxbdxl bdh xmcvcjkvc pkslh mbzc mbh xk fc vcloczch czcv jcp mksvy xk lcx xmce vcyx yk xmbx xmc ikslh pkvn b`bod$ Xmsy xmc dsefcv kj ecd pkslh mbzc xk fc :11 bx xmc vbxc kj 611 ecd imbd`od` ymojxy czcv = mksvy$ Dkp ylbzc lbfkv, by moyxkv mby ymkpd, oy xmc pkvyx ykvx kj lbfkv> fcibsyc xmcvc oy dk odicdxozc xk qvkhsic ekvc bdh ekvc$ Odyxcbh xmc ylbzcy ekzc lcyy bdh lcyy by xoec qvk`vcyycy$ Xmoy pkslh mbzc bhhch bdkxmcv :11 xk xmc pkvn jkvic xmsy ibsyod` xmc @cvebdy xk mbzc syc 2611 ecd jkv kdc fk} kv mkqqcv ibv qcv hb, gsyx xk ekzc xmc vcyohsc jvke xmc kzcdy xk xmc vbol yohod`y$ Kj iksvyc pc mbzc dkx xbncd odxk ikdyohcvbxokd xmc hoyxbdic xmbx xmc ecd pkslh mbzc xk xvbzcl poxm xmcov pmccl fbvvkp> bdh xmsy pkslh mbzc bhhch ysfyxbdxobll ekvc ecd xk xmc pkvn jkvic$ 3/$ Mkp ebd ecd pkslh mbzc xbncd xk lkbh xmc vcyohsc od xmc fk} kv mkqqcv ibvy bjxcv xmc xvbdyjcv jvke xmc kzcdy; Bdypcv7 Hsc xk xmc jbix xmbx xmc Csvkqcbd ibvy bvc bfksx µ xmc yowc kj Becvoibd kdcy, ox pkslh mbzc xbnc bx lcbyx 8 ecd kd cbim yohc kj xmc ibv ymkzclod` xmc vcyohsc sq odxk xmc ibv$ Xmcd ox pkslh mbzc xbncd 8 ecd, xpk kd cbim yohc xk xmvkp xmc vcyohsc jvke xmc hkkv xk xmc fbin kj xmc ibv$ Xmoy pkslh mbzc xbncd bx lcbyx = ecd, bdh yodic xmc pkslh mbzc xk fc vcloczch czcv jcp mksvy xmbx pkslh odivcbyc xmc pkvn jkvicy jvke = xk 68 ecd$ Xmcd gsyx by pc mbh xk hksflc xmc pkvn jkvic fcibsyc kj xmc ylkphkpd od xmc ekzcecdx kj xmc ylbzc lbfkv, ox pkslh xmcvcjkvc xbnc 06 ecd xk lkbh xmc ibvy$ B`bod pc bvc dkx xbnod` odxk ikdyohcvbxokd xmc yoindcyy bdh biiohcdxy pmoim pkslh dcicyybvol mbqqcd fcibsyc kj msebdy fcod` gsyx xmbx7 msebdy$ Pmoim pkslh blyk odivcbyc xmc pkvn jkvic$ :/$ Mkp ebd ibvy ikslh fc lkbhch bx xmc ybec xoec; Bdh mkp ebd ibvy pkslh b yohod` mklh; Bdypcv7 Kdl bfksx 21 ibvy ikslh fc lkbhch bx kdc xoec fcibsyc oj ekvc xmbd xmbx pcvc lkbhch, xmc pkvncvy pkslh fc `cxxod` odxk cbim kxmcvy pb, xmsy ibsyod` fkxm b ylkphkpd bdh bhhoxokdbl pkvncvy xk xmc pkvn jkvic$ Xmcvcjkvc, ox pkslh xbnc bfksx 2911 ecd xk lkbh 21 ibvy od kdc hby 68 mksvy xoec$ 0/$ Mkp ebd qksdhy kj vcyohsc pkslh 8,111,111 fkhocy qvkhsic; Bdypcv7 Bx xmc vbxc kj 81 xk 31 qksdhy qcv fkh> bdh pc poll syc xmc lcyycv pco`mx kj 81 qksdhy, ox pkslh qvkhsic 8,111,111 } 81 qksdhy 5 2:1,111,111 eollokdy kj qksdhy kj vcyohsc$ =/$ Mkp ebd vbol ibvy pkslh ox xbnc xk ekzc 2:1,111,111 qksdhy kj vcyohsc; Bdypcv7 Bx xmc vbxc kj 61,111 qksdhy qcv ibv, bdh xmbx oy vcbll jollod` xmc ibv sq fcibsyc xmc ibv pkslh qvkfbfl dkx mklh ekvc xmbd 23,111 qksdhy, ox pkslh xbnc bfksx 2:,111 ibvy$ Qb`c | 6:
Pmoim pkslh dkx mbzc fccd qkyyoflc fcibsyc xmc blloch fkefcvy pcvc fkefod` czcvxmod` od yo`mx hb bdh do`mx bdh pkslh mbzc hcyxvkch xmbx ebd ibvy od vbohy$ ?/$ Mkp lkd` pkslh ox xbnc bx xmc vbxc kj 21 ibvy qcv hb xk ekzc 2:111 ibvy; Bdypcv7 Ox pkslh mbzc xbncd 2:111 hby$ 21/$ Mkp ebd cbvy pkslh ox mbzc xbncd xk ekzc xmcyc ibvy bx xmc vbxc bfkzc ecdxokdch; Bdypcv7 ox pkslh mbzc xbncd 2:111 hby hozohch f 9:3 hby od b cbv 5 38 cbvy$ Xmcvcjkvc, ox pkslh dkx mbzc fccd qkyyoflc xk ivcebxc 8,111,111 qckqlc bdh ekzc xmcov bymcy bdh vcyohsc od 9 cbvy xoec$ Xmc ekzocy `ozc xmc jblyc oeqvcyyokd xmbx kdl Gcpy pcvc odxcvdch od xmc pkvn bdh lbfkv ibeqy$ Xmc Gcpy mbzc ilboech msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj dkd%Gcpy od kvhcv xk jbfvoibxc xmcov dsefcvy bdh ilboe xmbx : eollokd Gcpy qsvqkycl pcvc nollch bx xmc mbdhy kj xmc YY, yoeql fcibsyc xmc pcvc Gcpoym$
OD VCICDX _CBVY, PMCDCZCV B PMOXC IMVOYXOBD PKSLH YQCBN SQ XK QKODX KSX XMC OVVCJSXBFLC BDH FLBXBDX JBIXY BFKSX XMC BXMCOYXOI GCPOYM MKLKIBSYX E_XM$ XMC GCPY MBZC HKDC CZCV_XMOD@ XMC_ IBD XK YXOJLC XMC BECVOIBD EBD‟Y JVCCHKE KJ YQCCIM OD MOY KPD IKSDXV_$ Xmoy oy b kdc%yohch qvcycdxbxokd kj Pkvlh Pbv OO xmbx fcloxxlcy xmc Becvoibd jo`mxod` ebd'y qbvx od xmc pbv bdh `ozcy sdhsc ivchox xk xmc Gcpy bdh c}b``cvbxcy xmc Gcpoym hcbxmy bx xmc c}qcdyc kj kxmcv ekvc hcycvzod` eodkvoxocy ysim by xmc Snvbodobd qckqlc$ By odivchoflc by ox eb yksdh, oj ox ibd fc qvkzcd fckdh b ymbhkp kj b hksfx xmbx xmc Gcpy xmceyclzcy pcvc vcyqkdyoflc jkv xmc c}icyyozc bdh odybdc fkefod` qkloiocy kj xmc Becvoibdy bdh xmc Fvoxoym kzcv @cvebd od Pkvlh Pbv OO, xmcd xmbx pkslh ecbd xmbx xmc Gcpy xmceyclzcy bvc hovcixl vcyqkdyoflc jkv xmc odivchoflc dsefcvy kv hcbxmy od xmc Dbwo lbfkv ibeqy$ Jkv ox oy bd odhoyqsxbflc jbix xmbx pmbx mby fccd ibllch xmc &bxvkioxocy& kj xmc ibeqy hoh dkx kiisv sdxol bjxcv xmc Blloch fkefcvy mbh hcyxvkch xmc vbolpb yyxcey xmbx ymoqqch jkkh bdh echoibl ysqqlocy xk xmcyc ibeqy$ Oj xmc Dbwoy mbh fccd bflc xk fkef xmc xvbdyqkvxbxokd yyxcey kj xmc Becvoibdy bdh qvczcdx xmce jvke ymoqqod` echoiodc bdh jkkhyxsjjy xk xmc Gbqbdcyc odxcvdccy bdh @cvebd qvoykdcvy kj pbv od Becvoibd ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy, xmcd sdybdoxbv lozod` ikdhoxokdy bdh ebldsxvoxokd pkslh icvxbodl mbzc mbh xmc ybec vcyslxy od c}xvbkvhodbv dsefcvy kj Gbqbdcyc odxcvdccy hod` jvke hycdxcv bdh imklcvb$ Fsx by kj xmoy hbxc, dkx b yod`lc Becvoibd dkv Fvoxoym yklhocv mby fccd xvoch jkv pbv ivoecy kv ivoecy b`bodyx msebdox, czcd xmks`m xmksybdhy kj ysim odiohcdxy hoh kiisv od xmc Becvoibd zoixoeowbxokd kj Gbqbdcyc, @cvebdy bdh qckqlc kj kxmcv dbxokdbloxocy hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO$ Xk jbol xk qvcycdx bd kfgcixozc bdh xvsxmjsl lkkn bx xmc czcdxy kj Pkvlh Pbv OO oy xk jbol xk lcbvd jvke xmc eoyxbncy kj xmbx cvb$ Xkhb, Wokdoyx bdh Xbleshoi kv`bdowch Gcpv ndkpod`l bdh polljsll ikdxodsc xk qvcycdx bdh qcvqcxsbxc bxmcoyxoi, Ikeesdoyx qvkqb`bdhb kdl fcibsyc ox qbodxy xmc Gcpy by xmc zoixoey kj xmc Dbwoy$ Ebd iksvb`cksy Becvoibdy ysim by Ycdbxkv Xbjx bdh ebd Ysqvcec Iksvx Gsyxoicy yqknc ksx b`bodyx xmc xvbzcyx kj gsyxoic ibllch xmc Dsvcefcv` Pbv Ivoecy Xvobly b`bodyx xmc lcbhcvy kj xmc @cvebd `kzcvdecdx bjxcv Pkvlh Pbv OO$ &Pkvlh Pbv OO pby b pbv xk vcdcp Gcpoym hkeodbxokd kj @cvebd bdh Icdxvbl Csvkqc bdh jkv xmc ebodxcdbdic kj xmc qkpcv bdh `lkv kj xmc Fvoxoym+Gcpoym Ceqovc$ Xmc ikdyqovbxkvy od Becvoib, Cd`lbdh bdh Jvbdic bvc vcyqkdyoflc jkv xmc `vcbxcyx xvb`ch xmc pkvlh mby czcv ndkpd bdh xmcov dbecy poll fc hoymkdkvch bdh c}civbxch od moyxkv$ Qb`c | 60
“Ox dczcv pkslh mbzc yxbvxch mbh dkx Vkkyczclx bdh xmc mblj Gcp Fslloxx `sbvbdxcch xk Fvoxbod bdh Jvbdic bll kj Becvoib'y vcyksvicy, pmoim ecbdx, jovyx, vcqcbl kj ksv dcsxvblox bix bdh ysqqlod` xmce poxm esdoxokdy bdh fkefcvy poxmksx yxodx> ycikdh, od xoec xmc c}xcdyokd kj sdloeoxch ivchox> xmovh xmc syc kj ksv jlccx od xmc Qbiojoi xk qvkxcix Fvoxoym, Jvcdim bdh Hsxim odxcvcyxy> oj xmcyc hoh dkx ysjjoic jkv zoixkv, xmcd ksv ksd` ecd by bov qolkxy bdh ksv jlccx xk fc ycdx xk Csvkqc> bdh lbyxl, oj Pkvlh Gcpv bdh xmc Fvoxoym+Gcpoym Ceqovc ikslh dkx pod poxmksx xmce, eollokdy kj ksv lbhy xk hoc od Csvkqc'y fbfflcy$ “Xmc qvcechoxbxch nollod` kj msebd fcod`y f bdkxmcv, ybzc od yclj hcjcdyc, oy esvhcv, b ivoec b`bodyx Imvoyxobdox, ekvblox, msebdox, bdh iozolowbxokd, bdh xmoy bqqlocy poxm `vcbxcyx `solx xk xmc pmklcyblc ylbs`mxcv f kdc dbxokd kj xmc qckqlc kj bdkxmcv pmk mbzc dkx bxxbinch kv mbvech xmce$ Bjxcv xmoy ollc`bl, ycivcx qlkx pby dc`kxobxch, Vkkyczclx, xmc Gcpy bdh xmc pbv%ekd`cvy kj xmoy iksdxv, kj Cd`lbdh bdh Jvbdic yks`mx xk kzcvxmvkp xmc Imbefcvlbod `kzcvdecdx bdh xk vcqlbic ox poxm xmc Gcpy Imsvimoll, Chcd, Mkvc%Fcloymb bdh Hsjj Ikkqcv$ “Xmc qlkxxch xk `cx Fkddcx ksx kj xmc Jvcdim Ibfodcx bdh xk ysfyxoxsxc xmc Gcpy Vcdbsh, Flse bdh Ebdhcl$ Xmc bvhcdx fsx sdysiicyyjsl iksvxymoq kj Yxblod bdh Ykzocx Vsyyob pby odyoyxch sqkd f Vkkyczclx, Pkvlh Gcpv bdh pbv%ekd`cvy kj Becvoib, Cd`lbdh bdh Jvbdic$ “Kdc kj xmc vcbykdy jkv xmc Vkkyczclx+Chcd qlkx xk kzcvxmvkp xmc Imbefcvlbod `kzcvdecdx bdh vcekzc Fkddcx jvke xmc Jvcdim Ibfodcx pby fcibsyc xmc pkslh dkx b`vcc xk qb xmc qvoic Yxblod hcebdhch xk cdiovilc bdh hcjcbx @cvebd$ Bx Vkkyczclx'y bdh xmc Gcpy' odyoyxcdic, Cd`lbdh bdh Jvbdic `sbvbdxcch xmc fksdhbvocy kj Qklbdh od kvhcv xk cdiovilc @cvebd bdh vcdcp Gcpoym ikdxvkl$ Xmoy `sbvbdxcc kj xmc fksdhbvocy kj Qklbdh pby xmc hovcix ibsyc kj Pkvlh Pbv OO, ox ndkpod`l dcicyyoxbxch ox$& -Pbv" Pbv" Pbv", f Iodioddbxsy, qq$ 2==%2=?/ Ebd iksvb`cksy bdh qbxvokxoi Becvoibdy ndcp xmbx xmc yk%ibllch pbv ivoecy bdh xmc imbd`cy b`bodyx xmc @cvebd `kzcvdecdx kjjoiobly pcvc dkxmod` ekvc xmbd Ikeesdoyx qvkqb`bdhb hcyo`dch xk flbec xmc @cvebdy jkv ebd Ikeesdoyx bxvkioxocy xmbx Yxblod mbh cd`odccvch bdh qcvqcxvbxch$ Ox oy icvxbodl sd%Becvoibd xk fc bjvboh kj xmc xvsxm, bdh dk xvsxm% lkzod` Becvoibd ibd qkyyofl yxbdh f bdh pbxim xmc Ikeesdoyx qvkqb`bdhb kj Pkvlh Pbv OO ikdxodsc xk fc xbs`mx od ksv qsfloi yimkkl yyxcey$ Xkhb, jojx cbvy bjxcv Bhklj Moxlcv, xmcvc oy mbvhl b pccn kv b hb xmbx `kcy f poxmksx bd bdxo%Dbwo jole kv qvkqb`bdhb ekzoc fcod` ymkpd kd xclczoyokd imbddcly xmbx kdc pkslh xmodn xmc ymkslh fc dk lkd`cv qkloxoibl$ Ekvckzcv, xmc Gcpy mbzc ebhc Dbwo ecekvbfolob bdh Dbwo ecefcv kv`bdowbxokdy b fo` fsyodcyy od Becvoib$ Dk xvsc Becvoibd ibd bjjkvh xk yxbdh f bdh bllkp xmc Ikeesdoyx, Gcpoym Wokdoyx, Bdxoimvoyx Gcpy xk ikdxodsc oeqkyod` xmcov zcvyokd kj moyxkv bdh xmcov bxmcoyxoi zblscy sqkd pmbx pby kdic b Pmoxc Imvoyxobd Dbxokd$ Oj xmc mklkibsyx oy xk fc hoyisyych od ksv yimkkly by lc`oxoebxc moyxkv, xmcd lcx ox fc hoyisyych kfgcixozcl bdh xvsxmjsll, fbych sqkd jbix odyxcbh kj Gcpoym joixokd xmbx oy hcyo`dch kdl xk qvkxcix xmc vcqsxbxokd kj Gkc Yxblod bdh xmc Gcpy fcmodh xmc Fklymczon vczklsxokd kj pkvlh Ikeesdoye$ Xk odyoyx sqkd jbov qlb oy xvsl bd Becvoibd ohcb$ Oj pc esyx mcbv xmc Gcpy yohc, lcx sy blyk mcbv xmc Bvbfy' yohc$ Pc Becvoibdy bvc oddbxcl mbxcjsl xkpbvh bdkdc pmk yccny xk vkf sy kj ksv jvcchke kj xmks`mx, fsx xkhb xmbx oy c}bixl pmbx xmc bxmcoyxoi, Ikeesdoyxoi Gcpy, bdh Mkllpkkh kdc%pkvlhcvy bvc yccnod` xk hk$ Yxojlod` jvcchke kj yqccim xmvks`m xmcov Ikeesdoyx xbixoi kj yk%ibllch qkloxoibl ikvvcixdcyy, xmc yccn xk fvbodpbym xmc dc}x `cdcvbxokd kj Becvoibdy xmvks`m hvs` bfsyc bdh vclcdxlcyy Ikeesdoyx qvkqb`bdhb$ Xmc yccn xk ivcbxc b qkloic yxbxc pmcvcod jvcchke kj yqccim oy ikeqlcxcl yxojlch, bdh pmcd jvcchke kj yqccim oy b ivoec, ykkd jvcchke kj xmks`mx blyk fcikecy b ivoec$ Qb`c | 6=
Xmc Gcpy, xmvks`m xmc BILS bdh kxmcv Ikeesdoyx Gcpoym jvkdx `vksqy mbzc, pmcd ox oy ikdzcdocdx, hcjcdhch jvcchke kj yqccim by lkd` by ox oy b Ikeesdoyx kv b hoyycdxcv yccnod` xk xcbv hkpd Pmoxc Becvoib$ Fsx pmcd xmc ymkc oy kd xmc kxmcv jkkx, xmc poll dkx hcjcdh xmc vo`mxy kj Pmoxc, Imvoyxobd Becvoibdy, pmoim ksv jkvcjbxmcvy jks`mx jkv bdh cefkhoch od xmc Foll kj Vo`mxy bdh xmc Ikdyxoxsxokd$ Xmc Gcpy bvc isvvcdxl syod` jchcvbl bdh yxbxc ekdc xmbx xmc mbzc ikddch jkve xmc Becvoibd qckqlc xk jsdh xmcov kdc%yohch Ikeesdoyx zocpy kj Pkvlh Pbv OO$ Yk, od cjjcix, czcv yxbxc yqkdykvch mklkibsyx qvk`vbe oy fsx bdkxmcv Gcpoym ikd `bec hcyo`dch xk vkf xmc pkvnod` ebd bdh xmc Becvoibd xb} qbcv, pmolc cdylbzod` xmcyc Pmoxc qckqlc'y imolhvcd odxk Gcpoym Ykiobloye$ Xmodn kj xmoy xvbzcyx kj jvcchke od xmcyc xcvey$ B `vksq kj bxmcoyxoi, Imvoyx%mbxod`, Hczol% pkvymoqcvy ikecy xk ksv yimkkl yyxce bdh hcebdhy xmc vo`mx xk xcbim ksv imolhvcd xmcov @kh%mbxod`, bxmcoyxoi zblscy pmolc ebnod` dk ycivcx kj xmcov slxcvokv ekxozcy xk sdhcveodc ksv Imvoyxobd zblscy bdh ksv bsxmkvox by b qbvcdx$ Od bhhoxokd xk xmoy, xmcyc ybec Hczol%pkvymoqod` qb`bdy ilboe xmbx Dcvk kj Vkec pby vo`mx xk fsvd xmc Imvoyxobdy kd ivkyycy od moy dkixsvdbl `bvhcd bdh xk ylbs`mxcv Imvoyxobd pkecd bdh imolhvcd f xmvkpod` xmce xk xmc zoioksy, ebd%cbxod` lokdy kj xmc Vkebd iovisy$ Pmbx oj xmcyc ybec qckqlc hbvch xk yb xmbx xmc Gcpy pcvc bfyklsxcl ikvvcix od qsxxod` Gcysy Imvoyx xk hcbxm bdh zoioksyl esvhcvod` Moe; Pkslh ks, by b @kh%jcbvod` qcvykd yqcbn sq b`bodyx ysim bd kfzoksy bfsyc kj Becvoibd jvcchke; Pcll, xmbx oy c}bixl pmbx xmc gcpy bvc hkod` xmvks`mksx xmc yimkkl yyxcey kj Becvoib f ycdhod` xmcov Gcpoym czbd`cloyxy odxk ksv ilbyyvkkey xk qvcbim xmc cyxbfloymecdx kj xmcov mklkibsyx vclo`oksy islx$ Xmbx oy c}bixl pmbx xmc Gcpy mbzc ebhc kj xmc Gcpoym hcbxmy kj PP OO$ Xmc mbzc sych xmc Dbwo pkvn ibeqy by bd c}isyc xk c}xkvx follokdy kj hkllbvy jvke xmc Becvoibd xb} qbcv, bll od ysqqkvx kj xmcov Bdxoimvoyx, pkvlh hkeodbxokd qmolkykqm ndkpd by Wokdoye, bdh bll jkv xmc qsvqkyc kj ysqqkvxod` xmc ollc`bl yxbxc kj yk%ibllch Oyvbcl od Qblcyxodc$ Pc Becvoibdy mbzc dk kfgcixokd xk xmc xvsxm, fsx pc hk kfgcix xk lobvy bdh xk mblj%xvsxmy fcod` qvkekxch od ksv yimkkl yyxcey jkv xmc c}qvcyy qsvqkyc kj ebdoqslbxod` bdh fvbodpbymod` ksv imolhvcd$ Lcx sy vcecefcv xmbx xmc yimkkl xcbimcvy bdh xmc Gcpy pmk yqkdykv xmcyc qvk`vbey hk dkx odzoxc xmc lkibl Dck%Dbwoy xk hcjcdh xmcov qkyoxokd, dkv hk xmc odzoxc xmc yimklbvy kj Xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, pmkyc bhhvcyy oy QKF 291:, Xkvvbdic, IB ?1313$ Xmc kdl qvcycdx kdc%yohch bv`secdxy fbych sqkd jbfvoibxokdy bdh locy jovyx qsx jkvpbvh f xmc Yxblodoyx Ikeesdoyx vc`oec, dbecl xmc Gcp mcbh kj xmc N@F Lbzvcdx Fcvob, ecdxokdch cbvlocv$ Xmcvc bvc ebd mkdcyx bdh ikeqcxcdx moyxkvobdy pmk hoyb`vcc poxm xmc Ikeesdoyx lodc kj qvkqb`bdhb$ Kdc ksxyxbdhod` c}beqlc kj kvimcyxvbxch, ekhcvd, Gcpoym qvkqb`bdhb oy xmc Mkllpkkh zcvyokdy kj xmc Yoekd Pocycdxmbl yxkvocy$ Ev$ Pocycdxmbl oy qkvxvbch f xmc Gcpoym Mkllpkkh ivkph by xmc jkvcekyx Dbwo msdxcv od xmc pkvlh$ Mc oy loxcvbll qvcycdxch by b Gcpoym mcvk, bdh by b pkdhcvjsl msebdoxbvobd, pmcd od jbix, xmc ebd oy b lobv bdh b mqkivoxc$ Mc mby kqcdl loch bdh ikdjsych xmc xvsxm, fsx ksv imolhvcd mbzc dczcv fccd xbs`mx xmc xvsxm bfksx xmoy lod` Gcp b`cdx, pmk czcd bheoxxch xmbx mc pby jo`mxod` jkv xmc Ikeesdoyxy$ Pmbx ksv imolhvcd bvc xbs`mx oy xmbx xmc Yoekd Pocycdxmbl Icdxcv pby dbech bjxcv xmoy &`vcbx ebd,& bdh xmbx xpk Becvoibd qvcyohcdxy bpbvhch xmoy lobv poxm mkdkvbv bpbvhy jkv moy yk%ibllch pkvn od xvbinod` hkpd Dbwoy$ Qb`c | 6?
Ksv imolhvcd bvc dkx xbs`mx xmbx xmoy ebd mby ikdyoyxcdi loch od moy vcqkvx bfksx pmbx mc ybp hsvod` PP OO$ Od 2?8=, xmoy lod` Gcp xcyxojoch sdhcv kbxm xmbx jvke 2?9?%2?82 mc pby b &Ykzocx Imocj cd`odccv pkvnod` od Lzkz bdh Khcyyb$& Fsx od moy zcv kpd fok`vbqm, mc ilboey xmbx mc pby b &ecimbdoi od b jbixkv xmbx qvkhsich fchyqvod`y& hsvod` xmkyc ybec cbvy$ Xmoy c}beqlc eb ycce xvozobl, fsx Pocycdxmbl mby loch bfksx jbv pkvyc xmbd xmoy$ Jkv c}beqlc, Pocycdxmbl Pocycdxmbl qsfloymch b fkkn od 2?8: od pmoim mc qvcycdxch moy zocp kj moyxkv, pmoim mc ysqqkychl kfxbodch jbixy jbixy jvke xmc ikdjcyyokd kj Ebsxmbsycd Ebsxmbsycd Ikeebdhbdx Ikeebdhbdx Jvbdw Wocvoy$ Od moy fkkn, mc ilboech xmbx jksv eollokd qckqlc pcvc `byych bx xmoy ibeq$ Lbxcv, mc xklh SYB Xkhb od Bqvol, 2?=9, &O pby kdc kj 98 qvoykdcvy blozc ksx kj 231,111 pmk mbh fccd qsx xmcvc$& Dkx kdl hoh mc loc xpoic bfksx xmoy dsefcv, mc loch b xmovh xoec od moy kpd bsxkfok`vbqm, od pmoim mc pvkxc7 &blekyx 9,111 qvoykdcvy hoch od Ebsdmbsycd bjxcv xmc Becvoibdy lofcvbxch sy kd Eb 3, 2?83$& Xmoy oy gsyx lonc b Ikeesdoyx Gcp xk loc pmcd ox ysoxy moy dcchy$ Pkvyc, Pocycdxmbl mby fccd bllkpch xk xcbim ksv imolhvcd xmcyc locy, poxmksx bd rscyxokdod`$ Pm mby xmoy Gcp, pmk mby ikdyoyxcdxl loch od qvodx, dczcv fccd rscyxokdch; Pm mbzc ksv imolhvcd dkx fccd qvcycdxch poxm xmc jbix xmbx xmoy ebd mby fccd ikdyoyxcdxl qvkzcd xk fc b lobv; Jodbll, xmc ekyx jlb`vbdx qvkqb`bdhb xmbx mby fccd yqvcbh f Pocycdxmbl oy xmc &msebd ykbq& exm$ Xmc exm oy xmbx @cvebdy sych xmc jbx jkve hcbh Gcpy xk ebnc ykbq$ Pocycdxmbl pvkxc od Hcv Dcsc Pc`, bd Bsyxvobd Gcp qbqcv xmbx ?11,111 hcbh Gcpy pcvc ymoqqch xk b jbixkv bdh sych xk ebnc ykbq$ Pocycdxmbl ilboech xmbx xmc lcxxcvy VOJ kd @cvebd ykbq ebhc bx xmbx xoec yxkkh jkv Vcod gschoyimcy Jcxx, pmoim ecbdy &Qsvc &Qs vc Gcpoym Jbx$& Od jbix, xmc lcxxcvy yxkkh jkv j kv Vcoimyxcllc Vcoimyxc llc Jscv odhsyxvocllc Jcxxzcvykv`sd` kv &Dbxokdbl Icdxcv jkv Odhsyxvobl Jbx Qvkzoyokdod`$& Od jbix, dk moyxkvobdy mbzc czcv bindkplch`ch xmoy ilboe xk fc xvsc$ Ox pby ecvcl b jbfvoibxokd kj Ev$ Pocycdxmbl b qvkzcd lobv$ Kdc c}beqlc kj xmoy oy xmc hojjoislxocy kj xmc moyxkvobd Hbzoh Ovzod`, pmk bjxcv kdic fcod` qcvysbhch kj xmc jbixy, imbd`ch ebd kj moy zocpy vc`bvhod` xmc moyxkv kj Pkvlh Pbv OO$ Ev$ Ovzod` jksdh ox zovxsbll oeqkyyoflc xk jodh b qsfloymcv xk qsfloym moy dcp%jksdh ikdzoixokdy, pmoim ikdxvbhoixch xmc Gcpoym zcvyokd kj Pkvlh Pbv OO$ _cx, xmc myxcvoibl Gcpoym c}b``cvbxokdy fcibec yk flbxbdx xmbx xmc ekvc ybdc Gcpy mbzc jksdh ox dcicyybv xk bheox xmcvc ikslh mbzc fccd dk ekvc xmbd 9$3 eollokd Gcpy xk mbzc hoch od xmbx qcvokh kj xoec, bdh icvxbodl dkx xmc c}b``cvbxch : eollokd$ Xmc jkllkpod` oy vcqvodxch jvke xmc Dcp _kvn Qkyx, Ebvim 6:, 2??67
BSYIMPOXW HCBXM XKLL OY VCHSICH XK 2$3E 7 Pbvybp, Qklbdh -SQO/ % Dcpl vclcbych hkisecdxy ikdjove xmbx 2$3 eollokd zoixoey hoch bx xmc Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokd ibeq kj Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdbs hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO, dkx 8 eollokd % by ilboech f xmc jkvecv Ykzocx Sdokd> Gcpoym bdh Qkloym kjjoiobly yboh cyxcvhb$ Plbhylbp Fbvxkywcpyno, b ecefcv kj xmc Iksdiol jkv Hoblk`sc fcxpccd Qklcy bdh Gcpy, yboh xmc kjjoiobl biiksdx kj xmc dsefcv kj zoixoey pby vchsich jkllkpod` zcvojoibxokd kj bvimozcy vcicdxl vcxsvdch f Ykzocx bsxmkvoxocy xk Qklbdh$ Qkloym Ikeesdoyx bsxmkvoxocy sych xmc 8 eollokd jo`svc fcibsyc ox pby cyxbfloymch f b qkyxpbv Ykzocx ikeeoyyokd kd Dbwo ivoecy$& Xmoy pkslh vchsic xmc xkxbl dsefcv kj yk%ibllch zoixoey, czcd syod` xmc : eollokd jo`svc xk 9$3 eollokd$
Qb`c | 91
Ykec qvkeodcdx Gcpy, pmcd ikdjvkdxch poxm xmc odhoyqsxbflc jbixy, mbzc czcd bheoxxch xmbx xmc yk%ibllch `by imbefcvy pcvc jbfvoibxokdy kj xmc Vsyyobd Ikeesdoyx Gcpy, gsyx by xmc dsefcv kj 8 eollokd hcbh bx Bsyimpoxw pby b jbfvoibxokd$ Dkxoic od xmc bfkzc bvxoilc xmbx xmc odjkvebxokd qvkzod` xmbx kdl 2$3 eollokd hoch bx Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdbs pby jksdh od bvimozcy vcxsvdch xk Qklbdh f xmc 'ykzocxy$ Blyk, &Qkloym Ikeesdoyx bsxmkvoxocy sych xmc dsefcv fcibsyc ox pby cyxbfloymch f b qkyxpbv Ykzocx ikeeoyyokd kd Dbwo ivoecy$&
OD BHHOXOKD XK XMOY, XMC YKZOCXY MBZC BHEOXXCH XMBX XMC_ “VCFSOLX― XMC “KVO@ODBL FSOLHOD@Y― xmbx pcvc ysqqkychl hcyxvkch f xmce bjxcv &lofcvbxokd$& Czcd xmc isvbxkv bdh hovcixkv kj Bsyimpoxw esycse mby bheoxxch xmbx xmc &`by imbefcvy& pcvc blxcvch bdh vcikdyxvsixch f xmc Vsyyobdy bjxcv xmc pbv$ Xmc Ikeesdoyx Ykzocxy qvkzohch xmc jo`svcy bdh mclh xmc czohcdic$ Czcvkdc bheoxy xmbx xmc @cvebdy pcvc ecxoislksy vcikvh nccqcvy, bdh xmc bixsbl vcikvhy kj xmkyc qckqlc xmbx hoch od xmc ibeqy pcvc ikdjoyibxch f xmc Ykzocxy$ Pmcd xmc Ykzocxy jodbll bllkpch xmc Vch ivkyy biicyy xk xmc vcikvhy od 2?=?, ox pby vczcblch od 8: fkkny xmc dbecy kj xmkyc xmbx hoch bx Bsyimpoxw bdh xmc ibsycy kj hcbxm$ XMC XKXBL7 01,111$ Xmc Ykzocxy hoh dkx bllkp xmce biicyy xk xmc fkkny jkv xmc cbv kj 2?88, fsx xmkyc fkkny ikslh biiksdx jkv xmc vcebodod` hcbh$ Czcd xmcd, mkpczcv, ox oy qvkfbfl xvsc xmbx xmc dsefcvy eb dkx czcd bhh sq xk xmc dcp 2$3 eollokd jo`svc$ Dkp xmbx xmoy oy vclcbych, pc jodh xmbx xmc odjlbxch xmc dsefcv jvke 2$3 eollokd xk kzcv 8 eollokd -Nccq od eodh xmbx xmc 2$3 eollokd hcbh oy ioxch by xmc dsefcv kj &zoixoey,& dkx Gcpy blkdc/$ Xmc Ykzocxy qsvqkycl loch bfksx xmc 8 eollokd hcbh, bdh xmc fsolx xmc fsolhod`y dkp yxbdhod` bx xmc ibeqy -Xmoy odjkvebxokd ymkslh ikec by dk ysvqvoyc, by xmc Gcpy mbzc fccd xmc bfyklsxc vslcvy kj Vsyyob yodic 2?20$ Bdh ox pkslh fc c}qcixch xmbx xmc Gcpy vslod` Vsyyob pkslh mclq xmc kxmcv Gcpy kj xmc pkvlh xk jkyxcv bdh qcvqcxsbxc xmcov mklkibsyx loc/$ Ekyx moyxkvobdy b`vcc xmbx ox oy oeqkyyoflc xmbx yo} eollokd qckqlc pcvc `byych od `by imbefcvy bdh xmcd fsvdch od b ivcebxkvose$ Xmc jbix ymkpy xmbx ox pkslh mbzc xbncd := cbvy xk `by : eollokd qckqlc, bdh xmbx ox pkslh xbnc 93 cbvy xk ivcebxc : eollokd fkhocy oj xmc ivcebxkvosey bx xmc ibeqy kqcvbxch 68 mksvy b hb, czcv hb, ivcebxod` xmc eb}oese dsefcv kj fkhocy xmbx xmc ikslh mklh$ Esim kj xmc eoyodjkvebxokd pby JBFVOIBXCH f xmc -Gcpoym/ Yxblod vc`oec kj Ykzocx Vsyyob hsvod` xmc qkyx%pbv cbvy$ Yxblod -fcod` Gcpoym moeyclj/ndcp mkp xk jcch xmc myxcvob kj xmc Vsyyobd Gcp qkqslbxokd$ Kd kdc mbdh mc fbinch xmce poxm c}b``cvbxch mklkibsyx yxkvocy, qvcxcdhod` xk fc od yeqbxm poxm xmcov pkvlh Wokdoyx ibsyc, pmoim odhsich xmc Gcpy xk yxcbl yxbxc ycivcxy bfksx bxkeoi cdcv` bdh czcd xmcov ekhcvd eoyyolc xcimdklk` jkve xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy xk `ozc xk xmc Ykzocxy -Bdh YODIC XMC GCPY BVC XMC EKYX XVBOXKVKSY
QCKQLC KD CBVXM, OX PKSLH IKEC DBXSVBL JKV XMCE XK FCXVB_ XMC SDOXCH YXBXCY BDH OXY QCKQLC, JKV XMC_ MBZC FCXVB_CH CZCV_ QCKQLC BDH DBXOKD XMC_ MBZC CZCV LOZCH OD BDH BEKD@/$ _cx, moyxkv ymkpy xmbx pmcdczcv b `vcbx dsefcv kj Gcpy -pmk pcvc dkx kj xmc qvkqcv lodcb`c kv fclocjy/ fc`bd xk voyc xk qvkeodcdic od xmc Ikeesdoyx `kzcvdecdx, Yxblod hoh dkx mcyoxbxc xk lorsohbxc xmce f qcvokhoi qsv`cy kj xmc odxcllcixsbl Wokdoyxoi Gcpy od Ikeesdoyx Vsyyob$ Od xmc lbxc 2?91y Yxblod fc`bd b ibeqbo`d b`bodyx odjlscdxobl ecefcvy kj xmc Ikeesdoyx Qbvx> czcd xmkyc pmk mbh qsx moe od qkpcv pcvc esvhcvch$ Moy qkloxoibl cdceocy pcvc dsefcvch od xmc &xcdy kj eollokdy$& -Xmc Dcp Cdiilkqchob Fvoxbddoib/ Qb`c | 92
Yodic 2?83 xmcvc mbzc fccd ebd ikdjloixod` ilboey ikdicvdod` xmc dsefcvy kj Gcpoym qckqlc -bdh kxmcvy/ pmk hoch bx Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdcs -Kypocioe, ikdicdxvbxokd ibeq/$ Mkpczcv, ox oy kdl vcicdx vcycbvim bdh biicyy xk moxmcvxk sdbzbolbflc hkisecdxy, xmbx xmcyc dsefcvy mbzc hvbyxoibll lkpcvch, qkyyofl odhoibxod` xmbx ekvc kj ksv qckqlc ysvzozc$ Qcvmbqy xmc : eolly kjxcd qsfloiowch -xmks`m ksv fcyx jo`svc oy 8$9 eollokd/ eb blyk dcch xk fc vczoych lkpcv, pc mkqc yk$ Hv$ Dbxmbd Dsyyfbse, Mkdkvbv Hovcixkv, Icdxcv jkv Gcpoym Mklkibsyx Yxshocy$ Biikvhod` xk kjjoiobl hkisecdxy od xmc Jvcdim Vcqsfloi -odyxoxsxc jkv xmc C}beodbxokd kj Pbv%ivoeodbly/ xmc dsefcv xmbx hoch od Bsyimpoxw pby7 =,111,111 Biikvhod` xk xmc Jvcdim hbol dcpyqbqcv &Lc Ekdhc& -61 Bqvol, 2?0=/7 3,111,111 Biikvhod` xk xmc ecekvobl qlbrsc kd xmc `by%imbefcv ekdsecdx bx Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdbs -lbxcv vcekzch od 2??1 f xmc Qkloym @kzcvdecdx/7 8,111,111 Biikvhod` xk xmc &ikdjcyyokd& kj Vshklj Mkcyy, xmc lbyx ikeebdhbdx kj Bsyimpoxw$ @$Z$ odxcvvk`bxokd vcikvh bdh pvoxxcd yxbxcecdx fcjkvc moy &ysoiohc&7 9,111,111 Biikvhod` xk b yxbxcecdx f _chsmb Fbscv, Hovcixkv kj xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Ikdxceqkvbv Gcpv bx xmc Mcfvcp Sdozcvyox, Gcvsyblce7 2,:11,111 Biikvhod` xk &Lb Ekdhc& -2 Ycqxcefcv 2?=?/7 2,899,111 Biikvhod` xk Qvkj$ Vbsl Molfcv` -Qvkjcyykv jkv Mklkibsyx Vcycbvim, bdh bsxmkv kj xmc fkkn, &Xmc Bddomolbxokd kj Csvkqcbd Gcpv,& 6dh$ ch$ 2?==7 2,631,111 Biikvhod` xk Qkloym moyxkvobdy, @$Z$ HQB % Vcqkvx kj Gsl 2??1 bdh ikvvcyqkdhod` qsfloi bddksdicecdxy7 2,211,111 Biikvhod` xk @cvblh Vcoxolod`cv, bsxmkv kj &Hoc Cdhlfysd&7 =31,111 [[[[[[[[[ Od xmc bsxsed kj 2?=? xmc Ykzocx Qvcyohcdx Eonmbol @kvfbimcz kqcdch Ykzocx bvimozcy, bdh xmc qsfloi ybp jkv xmc jovyx xoec, xmc ikeqlcxc vc`oyxcv kj hcbxmy bx Bsyimpoxw % pmoim yqcbny by b nc hkisecdx kj 08,111 hcbh$ Xmcvc pcvc, dk hksfx b ikdyohcvbflc dsefcv kj odhozohsbly pmk pcvc qsx xk hcbxm by cdceocy kj xmc @cvebd `kzcvdecdx$ Dczcvxmclcyy, xmc ebgkvox kj qckqlc pmk hoch od xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeq lbfkv yyxce hoch jovyx kj dbxsvbl ibsycy bdh klh b`c, kv ycikdhl, xmc hoch kj hycdxcv, hcmhvbxokd, xqmsy bdh kxmcv ysim hoycbycy vclbxod` xk ksv ibsych f ebldsxvoxokd$ Xsfcvislkyoy pby y ikdxvofsxod` jbixkv, bdh ox oy xk fc vcecefcvch xmbx pc hoh dkx mbzc xmc ykqmoyxoibxch echoiodcy xmcd by pc mbzc xkhb$ Xmkyc od xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy hoch, gsyx by ebd @cvebdy, kj ebldsxvoxokd bdh hoycbyc$ Xmc odxcvdecdx ibeqy od xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy xmbx pcvc jollch poxm Gbqbdcyc odxcvdccy ysjjcvch ebd kj xmc ybec qvkflcey by xmc @cvebd ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$ Gbqbdcyc odxcvdccy lkyx xmcov qvkqcvx, xmcov fsyodcyycy bdh b `vcbx dsefcv kj xmce lkyx xmcov lozcy hsc xk dbxsvbl ibsycy bdh hoycbycy pmolc odxcvdch od xmc Becvoibd ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$ Ox oy xk fc vcecefcvch xmbx oj xmc @cvebdy mbh fccd bflc xk fkef xmc Becvoibd jkkh ysqql, pmoim sysbll ibec f vbolvkbh bdh qvczcdx xmc Becvoibdy jvke jcchod` xmc Gbqbdcyc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy, xmc hcbxm vbxc bekd` xmc Gbqbdcyc pkslh mbzc fccd jbv `vcbxcv$ Qb`c | 96
Ox oy blyk xk fc vcecefcvch xmbx oj xmc Gbqbdcyc mbh fccd lcjx od xmcov ikeesdoxocy ox oy ekvc xmbd loncl xmbx xmc pkslh mbzc jbllcd zoixoe xk vokxod` ekfy kj Becvoibdy, cyqciobll bjxcv xmc Fbxbbd hcbxm ebvim bdh xmc Gbqbdcyc esvhcvy kj xmksybdhy kj hcjcdyclcyy qvoykdcvy$ B qkll xbncd bx xmbx xoec qvkzcy xmc jbix xmbx Becvoibdy mbxch xmc Gbqbdcyc$ Xmc qkll ymkpch xmbx Iblojkvdobdy pkslh mbzc zkxch 21 xk 2 b`bodyx bllkpod` xmc Gbqbdcyc od xmc ibeqy fbin kd xmc yxvccx$ -Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp/ Vkkyczclx eb -sdpoxxod`l/ mbzc ybzch ebd Gbqbdcyc lozcy f odxcvdod` xmce od xmcyc ibeqy$ Od bhhoxokd xk xmcyc jbixy, pmolc xmc Gbqbdcyc odxcvdch od Becvoibd ibeqy pcvc biisych kj ikeeoxxod` dk ivoecy bdh pcvc lc`bll cyxbfloymch ioxowcdy kj Becvoib, xmc Gcpy odxcvdch od xmc @cvebd ibeqy pcvc ikdzoixch ivoeodbly$ Xmc pcvc `solx kj esvhcv, xmcjx, bvykd, bdh ybfkxb`c$ Blyk, xmc Gcpy lozod` od @cvebd pcvc xvsl jkvco`dcvy, by xmc mbh dkx fccd jsll ioxowcdy kj @cvebd fcjkvc xmc pbv$ -Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp/ Pm, pmcd b ikdyohcvbfl `vcbxcv odgsyxoic pby hkdc xk xmc Gbqbdcyc kj Becvoib hsvod` xmbx xoec, mbzc dkx fccd ymkpcvch poxm yeqbxm bdh ekdc; Pm bvc xmcvc dk ecekvobly xk xmcyc qckqlc, pmcd xmcvc bvc jojx Gcpoym mklkibsyx ecekvobly od Becvoib blkdc; Pm pcvc xmc Becvoibdy dkx odhoixch jkv ivoecy b`bodyx msebdox, by xmc xkvc Gbqbdcyc Becvoibdy jvke xmcov mkecy bdh fsyodcyycy, czcd xmks`m xmc pcvc imbv`ch poxm dk ivoec, gsyx by ox oy ilboech xmc @cvebdy @c vebdy hoh poxm xmc Gcpy; Xmc bdypcv oy xmbx xm bx xmc Gcpy bvc xcllod` locy lo cy bdh qlbod` kd xmc yeqbxm kj Becvoibd xb}qbcvy fcibsyc xmc ndkp xmbx xmc bvc `cxxod` bll kj xmc o`dkvbdx qkqslbxokd xk jsdh xmc ivcbxokd kj xmc Wokdoyx yxbxc xmc yk hcyovc$ Fsx ekvc yk xmbd xmoy, xmc ndkp xmbx xmc bvc blyk nccqod` Xvsc Pmoxc Imvoyxobdy jvke yqcbnod` xmc xvsxm bfksx xmc Gcp bdh moy pby$ Dk lkd`cv ibd Pmoxc Imvoyxobdy yqcbn xmc xvsxm bfksx xmc Gcp poxmksx jcbv kj qcvycisxokd, oeqvoykdecdx, kv hcbxm$ Oj xmc Becvoibd `kzcvdecdx mbh dkx odxcvdch xmc Becvoibd Gbqbdcyc qkqslbxokd, ox oy ekvc xmbd loncl xmbx xmcvc pkslh mbzc fccd dk Gbqbdcyc qkqslbxokd bx xmc cdh kj Pkvlh Pbv OO$ Esim xmc ybec bv`secdx esyx fc ebhc od vc`bvhy xk xmc @cvebd Gcp$ Vcycdxecdx kj xmc ebxcvobloyxoi ivoeodbl Gcp mbh `bodch ysim jkvic od @cvebd xmbx xmkyc Gcpy pmk mbh dkx jlch xmc iksdxv pcvc od hbd`cv kj yyxcebxoi esvhcv f xmc @cvebd qkqslbxokd pmk, od ekyx ibycy, xmc Gcp mbh qcvykdbll zoixoeowch$ Ox pby xmcvcjkvc c}qchocdx jkv xmc @cvebd `kzcvdecdx, jkv xmc ybnc kj qvkxcixod` xmc Gcp, xk qlbic xmc vcebodod` Gcpy od ikdxvkllch ysvvksdhod`y, jsdhbecdxbll qvkxcixod` xmce jvke xmc @cvebdy, Qkloym, Snvbodobd qkqslbxokdy$ Od c}bixl xmc ybec pb, ox pby dcicyybv jkv xmc Becvoibd `kzcvdecdx xk odxcvd xmc Becvoibd Gbqbdcyc qkqslbxokd$ Xmc hojjcvcdic od xmc ksxikec eb fc yccd kdl od sdhcvyxbdhod` xmbx xmc Becvoibdy bdh Fvoxoym polljsll fkefch xmc xvbody kj @cvebd xmbx ysqqloch esim dcchch jkkh bdh echoiodc xk xmc odxcvdecdx ibeq pkvncvy bdh xmcvcf cyiblbxch yxbvzbxokd, bdh xmkyc hoycbycy biikeqbdod` ymkvxb`cy kj jkkh bdh pbxcv$ Xmc vcikvh ymkpch ilcbvl xmbx ox pby xmc odxcdxokd kj xmc @cvebdy xk jcch, ilkxmc bdh mksyc xmc hcxbodccy sdxol ysim xoec by xmc ikslh fc vcqkqslbxch ybjcl xk coxmcv Ebhb`byibv kv xmc Eohhlc Cbyx$ Pmcd pc lkkn bx xmoy qcvokh kj moyxkv ox oy oeqkvxbdx xk vcecefcv xmbx Moxlcv ceqlkch bd cdxovc hozoyokd kj xmc @cvebd bve jkv xmc c}qvcyy qsvqkyc kj ikllcixod` bdh qvcycvzod` Gcpoym bdxorsoxocy hsvod` xmc pbv$ Bdh yk, xcllod` xmc xvsxm bfksx moyxkv oy b ysfgcix xmbx esyx dczcv fc yxojlch kv qvczcdxch od b lbdh xmbx yccny xk qvcycvzc oxy mcvoxb`c kj jvcchke kj yqccim$ Ox oy xmc bxmcoyxoi Gcp pmk pkslh hcyxvk xmc Ikdyxoxsxokd bdh xmc Foll kj Vo`mxy od kvhcv xk oeqkyc moy bxmcoyxoi, ebxcvobloyxoi odybdc zblscy sqkd xmc ekhcvd pkvlh$ Xmsy, xmc Gcp mby odzcdxch, blkd` poxm moy Gcpoym Ikeesdoyx fvkxmcvy, xmc flbxbdx loc xmbx : eollokd mklkibsyx zoixoey pcvc Gcpy$ Qb`c | 99
Ekvckzcv, mc mby sych xmoy loc xk ivcbxc b Gcpoym myxcvob vc`bvhod` xmc Dbxokdbl Ykiobloyx `kzcvdecdx kj @cvebd, pmoim oy fbych kd mblj%xvsxmy bdh xmc Wokdoyxoi Gcpoym myxcvoibl qkodx kj zocp$ Xmc xvb`ch oy xmbx Pmoxc Becvoibdy, pmkyc bveocy bdh dbxokdy vcyisch xmc Gcp jkve moy Csvkqcbd jbxc, bvc dkp xmc kdcy fcod` imbv`ch poxm mbxc ivoecy oj xmc hbvc xk yqcbn xmc kfgcixozc xvsxm od xmcov kpd iksdxv$ Xmc Gcp pkslh mbzc ox fc b ivoec xk czcd hbvc xk hoyb`vcc poxm xmc Gcp, vc`bvhlcyy kj kdc'y dbxokdblox$ Pmcdczcv Becvoibdy bvc xklh xmbx xmc ibddkx mklh hoyycdxod` kqodokdy poxm pkvlh Gcpv, xmcd jvcchke kj yqccim bdh jvcchke kj xmks`mx mby icbych xk c}oyx od xmc &lbdh kj xmc jvcc$& Pmolc ox oy qkyyoflc xk lbecdx bdh jccl ykvv jkv xmc eollokdy kj Becvoibdy pmk ybivojoich bdh hoch hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO, bdh ox oy czcd qkyyoflc xk mbzc xmc ybec yeqbxm jkv xmc eollokdy kj Vsyyobdy bdh @cvebdy, xmc Gcp pkslh lonc xmc Becvoibd qckqlc xk kdl c}cvioyc qox bdh ceqbxm jkv xmc Gcpy pmk ysiisefch xk hycdxcv bdh ebldsxvoxokd$ Xmc Gcp pkslh lonc xmc Pmoxc Ebd xk jkv`cx bfksx bll xmc Becvoibdy yklhcvy pmk hoch jo`mxod` xmc @cvebdy bdh Gbqbdcyc bdh pmk dkp lb od msdhvchy kj `vbzcbvhy kd jkvco`d ykol$ Xmc Gcpy pkslh lonc xk ikdxodsc qvcycdxod` b moyxkvoibll odbiisvbxc zocp kj Pkvlh Pbv OO, yk xmbx xmc eo`mx vcbq b qvcycdx qkloxoibl bhzbdxb`c od ebdoqslbxod` qsfloi kqodokd xk ikdxodsc xbnod` jvke xmc Becvoibd xb} qbcvy follokdy kj hkllbvy jkv Oyvbcl$ Lcx sy byysec xmbx 9$3 eollokd Gcpy hoh hoc kj hoycbyc bdh ebldsxvoxokd bx xmc mbdhy kj xmc @cvebdy$ Pmbx oy xmbx ikeqbvch xk xmc xcdy kj eollokdy kj Snvbodobd Vsyyobdy pmk hoch bx xmc jocdhoym mbdhy kj Yxblod bdh moy fvkxmcv Gcpy; Xmc Cdiilkqchob Fvoxbddoib ioxcy xmbx Yxblod jkvich 63,111,111 mksycmklhy kj Vsyyobd qcbybdxy xk ekzc kdxk ikllcixozc jbvey$ Xmkyc pmk vcyoyxch pcvc ikllcixch, ymkx, bxxbinch, c}olch, kv qlbich od Vsyyobd ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$ Xmoy yyxce, ibllch ikllcixozoye, blyk vcyslxch od b `vcbx jbeodc od xmc Snvbodc$ Blxmks`m Yxblod mbh qvkzoyokdy mc ikslh mbzc ycdx xmcvc, mc odyxcbh hciohch xk c}qkvx xmce$ Xmc Fvoxbddoib ilboey xmbx 21,111,111 qcvoymch sdhcv xmc yyxce kj ikllcixozoye, mkpczcv xmc dsefcvy ymkp xmbx xmc hcbxm xkll kzcv Yxblod'y xkxbl vc`oec vod`y ilkycv xk 2=,111,111$ Xkhb, ebyy `vbzcy od Vsyyob bvc yxoll sdikzcvch ekdxml, bdh cx, dk ebyy `vbzcy bvc fcod` hoyikzcvch od @cvebd$ Ymkslh pc dkx mbzc b Vsyyobd Mklkibsyx ecekvobl od Pbymod`xkd, H$I$ xk vcecefcv xmc eollokdy kj Snvbodobdy yxbvzch xk hcbxm f Yxblod bdh moy fvkxmcv Gcpy; Pmcd bynch mkp ebd Gcpy hoch od xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy, blekyx czcvkdc poll `ozc xmc dsefcv : eollokd, czcd xmks`m ekyx moyxkvobdy bindkplch`c xmoy xk fc b jbfvoibxch dsefcv$ Mkp ebd ibd xcll ks xmc dsefcv kj Snvbodobdy xmbx qcvoymch kv xmc dsefcv kj @cvebdy, kv czcd xmc dsefcv kj Becvoibd yklhocvy xmbx hoch od xmc pbv; Xmcvc bvc eollokdy kj Becvoibdy pmk rscyxokdch pm Becvoibd xb} qbcvy' ekdc ymkslh fc sych xk fsolh b mklkibsyx ecekvobl kd Becvoibd ykol$ Xmc bdypcv ikecy fbin xmbx pc ymkslh dczcv jkv`cx xmc xvb`chocy kj Pkvlh Pbv OO$ F xmbx xmc ecbd xmc hcbxm kj ykec Gcpy$ Oj pc bvc lkknod` xk ikeecekvbxc ibycy kj polljsl `cdkiohc, xmcd xmcvc oy dk ekvc kj b ilcbv ibyc kj polljsl `cdkiohc xmbd Yxblod'y yxbvzbxokd kj eollokdy kj Snvbodobdy$ Kv ekvc vcicdxl, Qbkl qkx'y esvhcvy kj eollokdy kj Ibefkhobdy$ Pc bvc jkvich xk byn,
Qb`c | 98
&Pm oy xmcvc ysim yqciobl xvcbxecdx jkv bd bxmcoyxoi, ebxcvobloyxoi qckqlc pmk bvc yclj% qvkjcyych Imvoyx%mbxod` Bdxoimvoyxy bdh pmk mbzc hkdc loxxlc ekvc od moyxkv xmbd bix by qbvbyoxcy b`bodyx xmc mkyx dbxokdy pmcvc xmc mbzc lozch;― &Xmc Gcpy by ksxibyxy7 Gcpy mbzc fccd b pkdhcvod` qckqlc jvke xmc xoec kj xmc fc`oddod`$ Moyxkv oy jollch poxm qcvceqxkv choixy, c}qcllod` Gcpy jvke pmcvc xmc mbh ebhc xmcov mkecy$ Bx xoecy xmc choixy pcvc xmc vcyslx kj xvseqch sq imbv`cy b`bodyx xmc Gcpy kv Gshboye, bdh lbxcv qvkzch xk fc jblyc$ “Bx kxmcv xoecy xmc pcvc xmc ikdycrscdic kj cikdkeoi yoxsbxokd, pmoim xmc bsxmkvoxocy fcloczch pkslh fc oeqvkzch oj xmc Gcpy pcvc vcekzch$ Blekyx blpby xmc fbdhy pcvc kdl xceqkvbv by fclkp$ Xmc isleodbxc oeqbix kd xmc qyimoi kd xmc Gcpoym qckqlc mkpczcv, mby fccd xvbsebxoi$ Bdh eb zcv pcll fc odhcloflc$ Xmc jkllkpod` oy b loyx, jbv jvke ikeqlcxc$
MBVHL_ B EBGKV GCPOYM IKEESDOX_ MBY DKX FCCD C]QCLLCH F_ OXY MKYX IKSDXV_$ Kdl xk fc lcx fbin od b`bod, lbxcv xk fc c}qcllch kdic ekvc$& -Gcpoym Blebdbi 2?=2, q$ 260/ Ykec o`dkvbdx bdh dbozc qcvykd eb yqcbn xmc Gcpoym lodc xmbx xmc, xmc Gcpy, bvc @kh'y Imkycd Qckqlc$ Fsx XMOY XKK OY B GCPOYM E_XM, QCVQCXVBXCH F_ XMC BXMCOYXOI GCPY JKV QKLOXOIBL BHZBDXB@C$ Xmc Imvoyxobd Yivoqxsvc hcilbvcy xmbx ox oy xmc Xvsc Oyvbcloxc Qckqlc pmk bvc xmc Imkycd Qckqlc kj Bleo`mx @kh$ Hkcy dkx xmc Foflc hcilbvc xmc Gcpy bvc @kh‟y imkycd qckqlc; Xmc bdypcv xk fkxm oy, ceqmbxoibll DK" Bdh xmc Fofloibl ecyyb`c kj _bmpcm qvkzc ox$ Bd moyxkvobd ndkpy xmc bvc dkx @kh‟y imkycd qckqlc, XMC_ BVC DKX KJ OYVBCLOXC C]XVBIXOKD, bdh xmc Foflc ycxy jkvxm od qlbod Cd`loym xmbx Gcpv oy xmc loxcvbl mksycmklh kj xmc Hczol$ Od 2?61, Hv$ Kyibv Lcz, b Gcp od Cd`lbdh yxbxch od xmc qvcjbic kj xmc fkkn, “Xmc Pkvlh Yo`dojoibdic kj xmc Vsyyobd Vczklsxokd7― “Bvc dkx xmc Gcpy xmc odzcdxkvy kj xmc ”Imkycd Qckqlc Exm;‟ Xmc xmckv kj mcll fcod` od xmc dcxmcv vc`okdy kj xmc cbvxm, kv bd kxmcv qlbic, pmcvc xmc Hczol vcyohcy xk fsvd msebd Yksly bjxcv hcbxm kj xmc fkh OY GCPOYM, bdh xmc kfxbodch ox jvke xmcov bdicyxvbl Hczol%`kh, Dcv`bl%Ymbv%Sysv, b ykd kj nod` Dcfsimbhdcwwbv OO kj Fbflkd,― pmoim pby yloqqch kzcv xmc mcbh kj Pmoxc Csvkqcbd Imvoyxcdhke od kvhcv xk hcicozc sy poxm xmc loc yk pc pkslh dkx ycc xmc xvsxm xmbx Gcpv oy Ybxbdoi$ Xmc Yivoqxsvcy ilcbvl ymkp xmbx xmc Gcpy bvc dkx xk fc bllkpch odxk ksv mksycmklh$ Xmkyc pmk yqcbn jbzkvbfl kj xmc Gcpy bvc qbvxoioqbxod` od xmcov czol kj hcdod` Imvoyx by xmc Ykd kj @kh$ Bdh Gcysy Moeyclj mby blvcbh hcdoch xmc Gcpy xk fc xmc Jbxmcv jkv Mc yboh7 &Fsx pmkczcv poll hcd ec fcjkvc ecd, O blyk poll hcd Moe fcjkvc e Jbxmcv Pmk oy od mcbzcd$& -Ebxxmcp 21799 BYX/ Xmoy blyk odilshcy xmkyc pmk qbvxoioqbxc od xmcov czol kj hcdod` Imvoyx$ Ox oy zcv yxvbd`c xmbx pmcd pc xsvd xk ksv Foflcy, pc fc`od xk `cx bd cdxovcl hojjcvcdx qcvicqxokd kj pkvlh qkloxoiy xmbd pmbx pc bvc vcicozod` jvke ksv xclczoyokd ycxy$ Oj odhcch 9$3 eollokd bxmcoyxoi, Imvoyx%mbxod` Gcpy mbh fccd yyxcebxoibll esvhcvch f xmc Dbwoy, bdh pc vceodh ks xmbx xmoy f dk ecbdy mby fccd qvkzcd xk fc xmc ibyc, pkslh xmbx odhcch fc yk `vcbx b ivoec b`bodyx ebdnodh by pby xmc Gcpy esvhcvod` xmc Lkvh Gcysy Imvoyx; Pmoim kj xmc xpk pby oddkicdx bdh sdpkvxm kj hcbxm; Xmc 9$3 eollokd Gcpy, kv xmc Lbef kj @kh, Pmk pby oddkicdx bdh poxmksx b yqkx kv pvodnlc; Xmc Gcp pkslh lonc xmc hcicozch Imvoyxobd xk fcloczc xmbx xmc flkkh kj Imvoyx oy pkvxmlcyy bdh ecbdod`lcyy pmcd ikeqbvch xk xmc flkkh kj bd bxmcoyxoi Gcp$ Fsx xmc xvsxm, oy, oj bll xmc Gcpy bdh `qyocy bdh @kh%mbxod` Qb`c | 93
Ikeesdoyxy, qsx xk`cxmcv, pcvc ybivojoich sqkd ykec qb`bd blxcv, bll xmcov flkkh xk`cxmcv ikslh dkx hk pmbx kdc hvkq kj xmc oddkicdx flkkh kj Imvoyx ibd hk$ Od kxmcv pkvhy, xmcvc oy dk ikeqbvoykd fcxpccd xmc flkkh kj b follokd Imvoyx%mbxod` Gcpy bdh xmc flkkh kj Gcysy Imvoyx$ Od ekyx ibycy xmc @kh%mbxod` pvcximcy vcbqch pmbx xmc mbh ykpd sqkd bdh b`bodyx Pmoxc Imvoyxobd Dbxokdy$ Xmc Foflc hkcy dkx xcbim Pmoxc Imvoyxobd ecd bdh pkecd xk jccl ykvv jkv xmc `solx, fsx kdl xk mbzc qox jkv xmc oddkicdx$ Bdxmod` clyc oy b flbxbdx eoyibvvob`c bdh qcvzcvyokd kj xmc zcv ecbdod` kj gsyxoic$ Xmsy, ox esyx fc yboh xmbx xkk ebd Imvoyxobdy mbzc xbncd xmcov ccy kjj xmc flkkh ybivojoic kj Iblzbv, bdh xmc mbzc bllkpch xmc bxmcoyxoi, Xbleshoi bdh Wokdoyxoi Gcp xk ebdoqslbxc xmcov jcclod`y kj ikeqbyyokd bdh qox bpb jkve xmc Ykd kj @kh, bdh xk odzcyx xmbx qox od xmc cdceocy kj @kh$ Od 2?9: b yqccim fcjkvc xmc Vkbl Ikeeoyyokd od Gcvsyblce, Imboe Pcowebdd, qvcyohcdx kj xmc Pkvlh Wokdoyx Kv`bdowbxokd bdh Gcpoym B`cdi kj lkd` cbvy‟ yxbdhod`, 2?8= jovyx Qvcyohcdx kj xmc Yxbxc kj Oyvbcl, hcjodch xmc “Yo} Eollokd― by b yefkloi jo`svc jkv xmc Gcpoym jbxc$ -Imboe Pcowebdd, “Vchcd . Bsjyèxwc 2?12 % 2?9:,― güh$ Fsimzcvlb` Cvpod Lúpc, Fcvlod 2?90/ “Xmc pkvlh oy xbioxsvd, bdh ox pby kdl vcicdxl xmbx pc mcbvh xmc Qkloym Jkvco`d Eodoyxcv, Ikl$ Fcin, yb od ebd odxcvzocpy od @cdczb bdh od moy kpd iksdxv bdh od Fcvlod xmbx xmcvc pcvc kdc eollokd Gcpy xkk ebd od Qklbdh$$$ “O hk dkx poym xk hpcll kd xmoy ysfgcix bd lkd`cv$ O be dkx `kod` xk cd`b`c xmc Ikeeoyyokd‟y xoec ekvc xmbd dcicyybv od kvhcv xk hcyivofc pmbx oy `kod` kd od @cvebd$ Ox oy xkk pcll ndkpd xmbx O pkslh mbzc xk `k odxk ekvc qvcioyc hcxboly$ Xmoy oy xmc yoxsbxokd kj vks`ml 9,:11,111 Gcpy$ Gsyx kzcv xmvcc eollokd kj xmce bvc lozod` od Qklbdh, :11,111 pcvc lozod` od @cvebd od 2?96, fsx xmoy jo`svc mby hcivcbych yodic$ “Oj pc `k kd bdh xbnc xmc Gcpy kj Vksebdob, Loxmsbdob bdh Bsyxvob odxk ikdyohcvbxokd, xmcd pc mbzc qvbixoibll xmc ybec qoixsvc, bdh ox oy xmcvcjkvc dk c}b``cvbxokd bx bll pmcd O yb xmbx xkhb yo} eollokd> O be dkx xblnod` bfksx xmc Gcpy od Qcvyob bdh Ebvkiik bdh od ysim iksdxvocy pmoim ibd kdl `ozc zcv sdicvxbod odjkvebxokd bdh bfksx pmoim zcv loxxlc oy mcbvh dkpbhby, xmbx od xmoy qbvx kj xmc pkvlh yo} eollokd Gcpy bvc ikdhcedch xk fc ivkphch od qlbicy pmcvc xmc bvc dkx pbdxch, msebd fcod`y jkv pmke xmc pkvlh oy hozohch odxk iksdxvocy od pmoim xmc ibddkx lozc bdh iksdxvocy pmoim xmc bvc dkx bllkpch xk cdxcv$ “Gsyx kdc pkvh bfksx Vsyyob7 Xmcvc bvc bvksdh xmvcc eollokd Gcpy od Vsyyob$ Pc mbzc kdl zcv loxxlc ikdxbix poxm xmce$ Vsyyob oy bx qvcycdx b ilkych iksdxv$ Xmc yoxsbxokd xmcvc mby, O xmodn, ebxcvobll oeqvkzch, dbecl hsc xk xmc jbix xmbx ebd qckqlc pmk ikslh dkx fc odikvqkvbxch odxk Vsyyob‟y qvcycdx ykiocx bvc bfksx xk hoybqqcbv$$$― -Imboe Pcowebdd, “Vchcd . Bsjyèxwc 2?12 % 2?9:,― güh$ Fsimzcvlb` Cvpod Lúpc, Fcvlod 2?90, qb`c 606/ “Fsx od xmc ecbdod` od pmoim xmc xcve Gcpv oy sdhcvyxkkh f sy, ox oy hoybqqcbvod` od Vsyyob$ Wokdoye oy dkx bllkpch od Vsyyob, ox oy vc`bvhch by b iksdxcv%vczklsxokdbv ekzcecdx, b yxkk`c kj Fvoxoym oeqcvobloye$ Jvke xoec xk xoec b Wokdoyx cyibqcy jvke Vsyyob> ksd`cv qckqlc, bdh xmc Ikeeoyyokd poll qcvmbqy mbzc kiibyokd xk ycc yczcvbl `vksqy kj xmcyc ksd` Vsyyobd ecd bdh pkecd pmk ebdb`ch xk cyibqc jvke Vsyyob sdhcv `vcbx ybivojoicy bdh bx xmc voyn kj xmcov lozcy$ Fsx b vc`slbv ceo`vbxokd kj Gcpy jvke Vsyyob xk Qblcyxodc hkcy dkx c}oyx$ “Poxm `vcbx cjjkvx pc ysiicchch od `cxxod` kdc xmksybdh kv xpclzc msdhvch Wokdoyx jbeolocy ksx kj Vsyyob, pmk mbh fccd bvvcyxch xmcvc bdh pcvc odibvicvbxch od Yofcvob qvoykdy$ Pc ikdxodsc xk bxxceqx sdhcv cdkveksy hojjoislxocy xk `cx xmce ksx bdh odxk Qblcyxodc, fsx od vcblox b Vsyyobd Gcpv by qbvx kj xmc Pkvlh Gcpv hkcy dkx c}oyx$$$ Qb`c | 9:
“Xmc yo} eollokd pmke O ecdxokdch fcjkvc, bvc ikdhcedch xk lozc jvke mbdh xk eksxm> xmc hk dkx ndkp xkhb pmbx poll mbqqcd xkekvvkp, O be dkx xblnod` bfksx kv`bdowch bdxo% Yceoxoye bdh poll byysec jkv b ekecdx xmbx ekyx iksdxvocy bvc fcmbzod` rsoxc beoibfl, fsx xmcvc bvc b dsefcv kj kfgcixozc vcbykdy, qsvcl kfgcixozc vcbykdy, lcbhod` xk b yoxsbxokd od xmkyc qbvxy kj xmc pkvlh pmcvc xmc Gcpoym ikeesdox oy ivsymch bdh xmc Gcpy bvc ebhc xmc jlkxybe kj xmc pkvlh, pmcvc xmc bvc cikdkeoibll `vksdh xk hsyx$ “Pmcd ybod` xmoy xk ks, O hk dkx poym xk odzklzc ksv cekxokdy, fsx xmcyc xmod`y bvc dkx pohcl ndkpd$ Blxmks`m ox oy ikeekd ndkplch`c xmbx xmc yoxsbxokd kj xmc Gcpy oy dkx b zcv mbqq kdc$ O xmodn xmbx xmc vcbl ioviseyxbdicy bvc dkx sdhcvyxkkh> xmoy oy pm O mbzc xbncd xmc lofcvx xk hpcll b loxxlc ekvc ikeqvcmcdyozcl kd xmoy ysfgcix$ Xmoy odzklzcy, bjxcv bll, xmc jbxc kj yo} eollokd msebd fcod`y$― -Imboe Pcowebdd, “Vchcd . Bsjyèxwc 2?12 % 2?9:,― güh$ Fsimzcvlb` Cvpod Lúpc, Fcvlod 2?90, qb`c 608/ Kd Bs`syx 63, 2?9?> fcjkvc xmc ikeecdicecdx kj xmc pbv, xmc ybec ebd mbdhch kzcv xk xmc Fvoxoym `kzcvdecdx xmc eoloxbv hcilbvbxokd kj pbv kj xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym Ikd`vcyy kd @cvebd$ Od moy kpd pkvhy xmoy yksdhch ykecpmbx ekvc ysfxlc by jkllkpy7 “O xkkn ox sqkd eyclj xk ikdzc xk xmc Fvoxoym `kzcvdecdx od pvoxod` bdh zcvfbll xmc vcyklsxokd kj esxsbl byyoyxbdic qbyych f xmc @cdczb ikdjcvcdic$$$― -Imboe Pcowebdd, “Ecekovcd― Hby Pcvhcd hcy Yxbbxcy Oyvbcl― Wüvoim 2?39/ Pmcd pbv fc`bd od 2?9?, mc mbh b ikdzcvybxokd poxm Podyxkd Imsvimoll7 “Mc vcicozch ec dkx kdl ikvhobll, fsx mc pby blyk jsll kj ikdjohcdic poxm vcyqcix xk xmc pbv$ Moy jovyx pkvhy, bjxcv mc pclikech ec, pcvc bfksx by jkllkpy7 ”Pcll, Hv$ Pcowebdd, pc mbzc by `kkh by fcbxcd xmce blvcbh$‟ “O pby dkx rsoxc kj xmc ybec kqodokd bx xmc xoec, fsx O hoh dkx yb yk$ O gsyx imbd`ch xmc ysfgcix, yqknc bfksx ksv kpd bjjbovy bdh xmbdnch moe jkv moy ikdyxbdx ysqqkvx jkv xmc Wokdoyx iksvyc$ ”_ks pcvc yxbdhod` bx xmc ivbhlc kj xmoy cdxcvqvoyc,‟ O yboh xk moe, ”bdh mkqcjsll ks poll lozc xk ycc xmbx pc mbzc ysiicchch$‟ Bhhod` xmbx bjxcv xmc pbv pc pkslh fsolh sq b yxbxc kj xmvcc xk jksv eollokd Gcpy od Qblcyxodc, pmcvcsqkd mc oeqloch7 ”_cy, `k bmcbh, O be jsll od b`vccecdx poxm xmoy ohcb$‟ -Imboe Pcowebdd, “Ecekovcd― Hby Pcvhcd hcy Yxbbxcy Oyvbcl― Wüvoim 2?39, q$ :22/ Bfksx Dkzcefcv, 2?83, mc yboh7 “Xmc Fvoxoym `kzcvdecdx vcjsych xk fcloczc xmbx yo} eollokd Gcpy mbh fccd nollch od Csvkqc$― -Imboe Pcowebdd, “Ecekovcd― Hby Pcvhcd hcy Yxbbxcy Oyvbcl― Wüvoim 2?39, q :86/ Bdh xmoy pby od Dkzcefcv 2?83" Xmoy pby xmc jovyx xoec od moy zklseodksy “ecekovy― xmbx mc c}qvcyych moeyclj kd xmc ysfgcix kj “c}xcveodbxokd kj Csvkqcbd Gcpv f Moxlcv%@cvebd$― Gsyx by od xmc ecekov% zklsecy kj Dbmse @klhebdd, xmc qvcyohcdx kj xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym Ikd`vcyy bdh kj xmc Becvoibd ycixokd kj xmc Gcpoym B`cdi kj lkd` cbvy‟ yxbdhod` xmcvc oy blyk dkxmod` bx bll kd xmc yk%ibllch “Mklkibsyx― by od Imboe Pcowebdd‟y fkkn, dkxmod` bfksx pmbx xmc Gcpoym pkvlh kv`bdowbxokdy mbh lcbvdch hsvod` xmc pbv bdh mkp xmc mbh vcbixch kd xmbx odjkvebxokd$ Yxoll od Dkzcefcv 2?83, xmc Fvoxoym `kzcvdecdx hoh dkx ndkp bdxmod` bfksx xmoy coxmcv$ Kdl lbxcv kd ox pby ikdyohcvch dcicyybv od xcvey kj qkpcv qkloxoiy xk gkod xmc imkvsy kj xmc kxmcv b`oxbxkvy kv bx lcbyx dkx xk ikdxvbhoix xmce$ Xmoy xkxbl yolcdic kd xmc qbvx kj xmc xpk hcioyozc vcqvcycdxbxozcy kj Odxcvdbxokdbl Gcpv od xmcov ecekovy ikdicvdod` xmc ksxvb`cksy biisybxokdy vboych b`bodyx xmc @cvebd qckqlc oy mo`ml oeqkvxbdx czohcdic od xcvey kj pkvlh moyxkv" Qb`c | 90
Xmc Becvoibd Mcfvcp Kixkfcv 92, 2?2?
Xmc Ivsiojo}okd kj Gcpy Esyx Yxkq" F EBVXOD M$ @L_DD -Jkvecv @kzcvdkv kj xmc Yxbxc kj D$_$/ “Jvke bivkyy xmc ycb yo} eollokd ecd bdh pkecd ibll xk sy jkv mclq, bdh co`mx msdhvch xmksybdh loxxlc imolhvcd iv jkv fvcbh$ Xmcyc imolhvcd, xmcyc ecd bdh pkecd bvc ksv jcllkp% ecefcvy kj xmc msebd jbeol, poxm xmc ybec ilboe kd lojc by pc, xmc ybec ysyicqxofolox xk xmc podxcv'y iklh, xmc ybec qvkqcdyox xk hcbxm fcjkvc xmc qbd`y kj msd`cv$ Poxmod xmce vcyohc xmc olloeoxbflc qkyyofoloxocy jkv xmc bhzbdicecdx kj xmc msebd vbic by dbxsvbll pkslh vcyohc od yo} eollokd msebd fcod`y$ Pc eb dkx fc xmcov nccqcvy fsx pc ks`mx xk fc xmcov mclqcvy$ “Od xmc jbic kj hcbxm, od xmc xmvkcy kj yxbvzbxokd xmcvc oy dk qlbic jkv ecdxbl hoyxodixokdy kj ivcch, dk qlbic jkv qmyoibl hojjcvcdxobxokdy kj vbic$ Od xmoy ibxbyxvkqmc, pmcd YO] EOLLOKD FCOD@Y BVC FCOD@ PMOVLCH XKPBVH XMC @VBZC f b ivscl bdh vclcdxlcyy jbxc, kdl xmc ekyx ohcbloyxoi qvkeqxod`y kj msebd dbxsvc ymkslh ypb xmc mcbvx bdh ekzc xmc mbdh$
“YO] EOLLOKD ECD BDH PKECD BVC H_OD@ jvke lbin kj xmc dcicyybvocy kj lojc> co`mx msdhvch xmksybdh imolhvcd iv jkv fvcbh$ Bdh xmoy jbxc oy sqkd xmce xmvks`m dk jbslx kj xmcov kpd, xmvks`m dk xvbdy`vcyyokd kj xmc lbpy kj @kh kv ebd> fsx xmvks`m xmc bpjsl xvbdd kj pbv bdh b fo`kxch lsyx jkv Gcpoym flkkh$ “Od xmoy xmvcbxcdch MKLKIBSYX kj msebd lojc$$$― Xmc Gcpy bheox xmbx xmc bvc dkx xmc hcyicdhbdxy kj xmc Bdiocdx Oyvbcloxcy od xmcov pvoxod`y$ Sdhcv xmc mcbhod` kj &B fvocj Moyxkv kj xmc Xcvey jkv Gcp& od xmc 2?=1 Gcpoym Blebdbi oy xmc jkllkpod`7 &YXVOIXL_ YQCBNOD@ OX OY ODIKVVCIX XK IBLL BD
BDIOCDX OYVBCLOXC B ”GCP‟ KV XK IBLL B IKDXCEQKVBV_ GCP BD OYVBCLOXC KV B MCFVCP$& -2?=1 Gcpoym Blebdbi, q$ 9/$ Xmc Ekyx Hcfbxch Rscyxokd kj Ksv Xoec %%
Pby Xmcvc Vcbll B Mklkibsyx; F Hv$ C$ V$ Joclhy &Yodic xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, Gcpy mbzc fccd xvcbxch poxm yoln `lkzcy$ Poxmksx Bsyimpoxw, xmcvc pkslh fc dk Oyvbcl$& -f Dbxmbd @klhebdd, xmc Jksdhcv kj Oyvbcl by rskxch jvke Qbvoy Ebxim, Hcicefcv 6?, 2?0?/ Xmc &Mklkibsyx& mby `ozcd Oyvbcl b xvcecdhksy qyimklk`oibl bhzbdxb`c kzcv xmc @cdxolc pkvlh, qbvxoislbvl Becvoib bdh @cvebd$ F c}qlkoxod` xmc `solx ikeqlc} odyxollch od dkd%Gcpy, xmc mbzc kfxbodch7 Kzcv (:3 follokd od boh jvke @cvebd$ Kzcv (33 follokd od boh jvke Becvoib$ Oyvbcl, b qvkyqcvksy iksdxv, vcicozcy (9$6 follokd, -kv (= eollokd b hb/ od jkvco`d boh % ekvc xmbd bd kxmcv iksdxv$ Qb`c | 9=
Xmc 83,111 Gcpoym oeeo`vbdxy jvke Vsyyob mbzc xmc mo`mcyx bddsbl rskxb bjxcv Ec}oik$ Xmc cdxcv by &vcjs`ccy& poxmksx mbzod` xk qvkzc qcvycisxokd" By &vcjs`ccy& xmc bvc bsxkebxoibll cdxoxlch xk jsll pcljbvc fcdcjoxy dkx ysfgcix xk pcljbvc vcjkve isxy$ Dkdyxkq mklkibsyx fvbodpbymod` od yimkkly, XZ, ekzocy bdh fkkny mby qlbich Oyvbcl bdh kv`bdowch Gcpv bfkzc ivoxoioye"
Kjjoiobl Mklkibsyx Jo`svcy Vchsich Oeechobxcl bjxcv Pkvlh Pbv OO, Blloch bsxmkvoxocy hcilbvch xmbx &Gcpy mbh fccd `byych& od bll @cvebd ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$ Ox lbxcv hoyikzcvch xmbx xmc ebd fkhocy qmkxk`vbqmch od xmc ibeqy hoch hsvod` xmc pbdod` hby kj xmc pbv> jvke xqmsy, iklh bdh yxbvzbxokd$ Yoekd Pocycdxmbl, kj xmc &Mklkibsyx Icdxcv& od Lky Bd`clcy, yxbxch od Fkkny bdh Fkknecd, Bqvol 2?03, qb`c 3, &DK @BYYOD@ XKKN QLBIC OD BD_ IBEQ KD @CVEBD YKOL$& Xmc Gcp L$Q$ Fcvob mcbhch xmc Ykzocx DNZH ycivcx qkloic jvke 2?9= xk 2?39$ Od 2?83, mc bddksdich xmbx xmc mbh hoyikzcvch b &mklkibsyx& kj yo} eollokd Gcpy$ Xmoy ikdzcdocdxl kiisvvch kdl od ibeqy od Qklbdh" Fcvob pkslh dkx bllkp bd ksxyohc odzcyxo`bxkvy xk c}beodc xmcyc yoxcy$ Xmc Gcpoym%kpdch Dcp _kvn Xoecy vcqkvxch od 2?83 xmbx Ykzocx Vsyyob ysqqloch xmc jo`svc kj jksv eollokd Gcpy mbzod` fccd qsx xk hcbxm, &od xmc `by imbefcvy kj Bsyimpoxw$& Mkpczcv, od Gsl kj 2??1, xmc Qkloym `kzcvdecdx vchsich xmoy jo`svc xk 2$2 eollokd bdh ox pby biicqxch f Gcpoym `vksqy$ Hcyqoxc xmoy czohcdic, xmc &kjjoiobl jo`svc& kj yo} eollokd hcbh pby dkx lkpcvch xk xmvcc eollokd" -Ox ymkslh blyk fc dkxch xmbx Clowbfcxm Hklc, qvcyohcdx kj xmc Becvoibd Vch Ivkyy, bdh pojc kj jkvecv Ycd$ Fkf Hklc, vczcblch xmbx xmc kjjoiobl hcbxm vcikvhy jvke Bsyimpoxw mbh fccd sdikzcvch od xmc Ykzocx Bvimozcy$ Ox loyxch 01,111 hcbxmy jvke bll ibsycy$/
Dk Mklkibsyx Kvhcv Czcv @ozcd Xmc @cvebdy bvc dkxch jkv fcod` ecxoislksy vcikvh nccqcvy$ Xmcvc pby dk bxxceqx ebhc xk hcyxvk pbvxoec vcikvhy, 2,211 xkdy kj pmoim pcvc ycowch od xmc S$Y$ Wkdc kj kiisqbxokd blkdc$ Fvoxoym Moyxkvobd, Iklod Ivkyy, pvoxcy od moy fok`vbqm kj Moxlcv, kd qb`c 9297 &Xmcvc hkcy dkx c}oyx xmcd, bdxmod` lonc b pvoxxcd kvhcv yo`dch f Moxlcv jkv xmc c}xcveodbxokd kj xmc Gcpy od Csvkqc$& Ebhb`byibv oy b zbyx oylbdh kjj xmc ikbyx kj Bjvoib od xmc Odhobd Kicbd, xmcd kpdch f Jvbdic$ Xmksybdhy kj qb`cy kj @cvebd hkisecdxy mbzc fccd lkibxch qvkzohod` b xmkvks`m yxsh kj xmc jcbyofolox kj cyxbfloymod` b Gcpoym mkeclbdh kd xmc oylbdh kj Ebhb`byibv$ Qlbdy pcvc ebhc jkv xmc vcoefsvycecdx kj xmc 63,111 Jvcdim ioxowcdy pmk lozch xmcvc$ Czcd xmc `kzcvdecdx kj Jvbdic yxshoch xmc qlbd$ Xmckhkvc Mcvwl, xmc jksdhcv kj Wokdoye, ikdyohcvch Ebhb`byibv b qkyyoflc yoxc jkv b Gcpoym yxbxc$ Mc blyk ikdyohcvch Ncdb, Bjvoib, xmc Yodbo jvke xmc Yscw Ibdbl xk xmc @bwb Yxvoq, bdh b ms`c bvcb od yksxmcvd Qklbdh, fsx xmc vcbll pbdxch Qblcyxodc$
Qb`c | 9?
Xmc @cvebd Jkvco`d Eodoyxv kd Gbdsbv 63, 2?9? oyysch b hkisecdx kd xmc yklsxokd xk xmc Gcpoym qvkflce pmoim yxbxch7 &Xmc cdh qkloi od vc`bvh xk xmc Gcpy oy xmc ceo`vbxokd kj bll Gcpy lozod` od xmc xcvvoxkv kj xmc Klh Vcoim$& Od Bsyimpoxw Dkxcfkkny, pc vcbh xmbx bll kj xmc xkq @cvebd lcbhcvymoq ysqqkvxch xmoy qlbd$ &Kd Dkzcefcv 26, 2?9=, @kvod` mbh ecdxokdch xmc rscyxokd kj Ebhb`byibv$ Moeelcv moeyclj mbh hvcbech kj xmbx yodic 2?98, b poxdcyy byysvcy sy$ Bjxcv xmc bveoyxoic kj Gsdc 2?81 -ysvvcdhcv kj Jvbdic/, xmc ohcb pby qvkqksdhch f xmc Jkvco`d Eodoyxv bdh bqqvkzch f Moeelcv by pcll by f Moxlcv moeyclj$& Jkv xmcyc vcbykdy YY kjjoiobl Vcodmbvh Mchvoim kv`bdowch xmc Icdxvbl Kjjoic jkv Gcpoym Ceo`vbxokd kd Jcfvsbv 22, 2?9?$ Kdic xmc pbv fc`bd, xmoy pby dk lkd`cv qkyyoflc$ Xmsy Moxlcv kvhcvch xmc odxcvdecdx kj Gcpy by cdce blocdy bdh hcqkvxch xmce xk xmc cbyx$ Kd Gbdsbv 60, 2?86, Moxlcv yboh7 &Xmc Gcpy esyx lcbzc Csvkqc$ Xmc fcyx xmod` oy xmbx xmc `k xk Vsyyob$& Vkkyczclx hoh xmc ybec xmod` by Moxlcv f kvhcvod` 261,111 Becvoibdy kj Gbqbdcyc hcyicdx lozod` kd xmc Pcyx Ikbyx odxcvdch od ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$ Od Ebvim 2?86 Vkkyczclx biisych xmce kj fcod` &ycisvox voyny$& Xmc Gbqbdcyc ecd, pkecd bdh imolhvcd pcvc oeqvoykdch fcmodh fbvfch povc jcdicy bdh bvech `sbvh xkpcvy od xmc flbwod` mkx hcycvx$ Xmc Dsvcefcv` Pbv Ivoecy Xvobl mcbvh xcyxoekd jvke Mbdy Lbeecvy by xk pmbx mc ikdyohcvch xmc &Jodbl Yklsxokd kj Xmc Gcpoym Qvkflce$& Lbeecvy pby Imocj kj xmc Vcoim Imbdicllcv bdh qcvykdbll ilkyc xk Moeelcv bdh Moxlcv$ Lbeecvy yboh mc bynch Moeelcv pmbx pby xmc &jodbl yklsxokd$& Moeelcv vcqloch7 &Xmc Gcpy esyx fc czbisbxch jvke @cvebd"& Mc yboh xmbx Moxlcv xklh moe xmc ybec xmod`$ Od kxmcv pkvhy, &Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd& pby %% ceo`vbxokd" Pmcd bynch, &pmcd hoh ks jovyx lcbvd xmbx jozc eollokd Gcpy mbh fccd c}xcveodbxch,& Lbeecvy vcqloch xmbx ox pby &mcvc& bx xmc Dsvcefcv` xvobly" Mcvebd @kvod` blyk xklh xmc iksvx xmbx xmc jovyx xoec mc mbh mcbvh bdxmod` bfksx b mklkibsyx pby, &vo`mx mcvc bx Dsvcefcv`"& Bsyimpoxw pby b ebyyozc eoloxbv%odhsyxvobl ikeqlc} kj 9? ibeqy kj pmoim 2? ebodl ceqlkch Gcpy$ Xmc jbixkvocy bx xmc &Ekdkpoxw Dk$ 2: Ibeq& blkdc ceqlkch 26:,111 pkvncvy$ Mklkibsyx c}qcvx, Lckd Qklobnkz kj Qbvoy, od Fvczobv kj Mbxc, qb`c 298, od 2?0? pvkxc xmbx xmc Gcpoym Pbvybp @mcxxk pby kdc kj xmc @cvebdy' &ekyx oeqkvxbdx ysqql icdxcvy$ Xmc ycikdh od cikdkeoi oeqkvxbdic pby xmc Lkhw `mcxxk fcibsyc ox ebdsjbixsvch bll nodhy kj `kkhy, bdh, od qbvxoislbv, oxy xc}xolc odhsyxvocy ikdyxoxsxch ysqqkvx kj `vcbx zblsc xk xmc @cvebd cikdke$& Mcodvoim Moeelcv jcbvch b xqmsy cqohceoi od xmc ibeqy$ Cbyxcvd Csvkqcbd Gcpy pcvc zcv sdm`ocdoi bdh pcvc kjxcd flbech jkv xmc yqvcbh kj xqmsy$ Kd Hcicefcv 6=, 2?86, Moeelcv kvhcvch xmbx, &xmc hcbxm vbxc od xmc ibeqy esyx fc vchsich bx bll ikyxy$& -Yksvic, Vcoxolod`cv'y fkkn, Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd/ Kd Gbdsbv 61, 2?89, imocj odyqcixkv kj xmc ibeqy, Voimbvh @lsiny, bdypcvch Moeelcv, &Czcv ecbdy poll fc sych xk lkpcv xmc hcbxm vbxcy$& -Yksvic, Dsvcefcv` Xvobl Hkisecdx Dk$ 2369/ Xmc hcbxm vbxc mbh odhcch fccd vchsich jvke =$3# od Gsl 2?86 xk 6$=# od Gsdc 2?89$ Kd Bqvol 20, 2?89, Moxlcv bynch Bheovbl Mkvxm, vc`cdx kj Msd`bv jkv, &211, 111 Gcpy xk pkvn kd b dcp qsvysox qlbdc qvk`vbe$& -Yksvic, Vcoxolod`cv'y fkkn, Hoc Cdhlkysd`, Cdhlkysd`, 2?3:, qb`c 80=/ Od Eb 2?88 Moxlcv qcvykdbll kvhcvch xmbx 611,111 ekvc Gcpy fc qsx xk pkvn od ikdyxvsixokd bdh &kxmcv oeqkvxbdx eoloxbv pkvny$& Qb`c | 81
Xmc Gcpy pcvc zoxbl xk xmc @cvebd pbv odhsyxv$ Ox pkslh mbzc fccd iksdxcv qvkhsixozc xk c}xcveodbxc xmce$ Od jbix, xmc YY bvvcyxch Nbvl Nkim, ikeebdhbdx kj Fsimcdpblh, jkv eoyxvcbxod` bdh sdgsyxl c}cisxod` ykec qvoykdcvy$ Bjxcv fcod` jksdh `solx f b eoloxbv iksvx, Nkim pby ycdxcdich xk hcbxm bdh ymkx$ Oj xmcvc pby bixsbll b &mklkibsyx& mc pkslh mbzc fccd mkdkvch odyxcbh kj c}cisxch$ Ymodhlcv'y Loyx jcbxsvcy Ikeebdhbdx Bekd @kcxm, pmk od vcblox hoh bfsyc qvoykdcvy$ Mkpczcv, xmc jole jboly xk odjkve zocpcvy xmbx mc mbh fccd bvvcyxch f xmc YY bdh pby od qvoykd bpboxod` xvobl bx pbv'y cdh$ Ekyx kj xmc `vscykec qoixsvcy kj fkhocy pc ycc od &ebhc jkv XZ& mklkibsyx hvbeby bvc xmkyc pmk hoch kj yxbvzbxokd bdh hoycbyc hsvod` xmc jodbl imbkxoi ekdxmy kj xmc pbv$ Bd c}beqlc oy Hbimbs$ Ykec 38 hoch od Gbdsbv 2?88 bdh 212 od Jcfvsbv 2?88$ Pmcd jkkh bdh echoibl ysqqlocy ikslh dkx fc hclozcvch hsc xk Blloch fkefod`y, 6,=== hoch od Gbdsbv bdh 9,?00 od Jcfvsbv 2?83$ Xmc Oeqkyyofolox kj Ebyy @byyod`y Bsyimpoxw mbh dk ebyy `vbzcy$ Xmc ivcebxokd kj jksv eollokd fkhocy pkslh mbzc lcjx 23,111 xkdy kj bym pmoim pby dczcv jksdh$ Ebd xkdy kj ikbl pkslh mbzc fccd dcicyybv jkv ysim ebyy ivcebxokdy$ Odoxobll, xmc Ykzocxy xklh ikdjloixod` yxkvocy bfksx mkp xmc yo} eollokd qcvoymch od xmc ibeqy sdhcv xmcov ikdxvkl$ Bx jovyx xmc ilboech xmbx xmc odebxcy mbh fccd &yxcbech& xk hcbxm$ Kd Hcicefcv 3, 2?83, b Ikeesdoyx gsh`c oyysch xmc jkllkpod` &Biisybxokd Dk$ :& b`bodyx hcjcdhbdx Mbdy Jvbdn bx Dsvcefcv`7 &B lbv`c fkolcv jkv xmc qvkhsixokd kj ysqcvmcbxch yxcbe pby odgcixch odxk xmc odxcvokv kj xmc vkkey$ Xmc hkkvy bvc ilkych mcvecxoibll bdh xmc lkd` byqm}obxokd kj xmc zoixoey f xmc yxcbe fc`ody$ Bx xmc yxbvx, yivcbey ibec jvke odyohc, xmc hoc hkpd ylkpl> bjxcv 23 eodsxcy, xmc c}cisxokdy bvc ikeqlcxch$& Xmoy yxkv pby dkx fcloczbflc$ Ox pby xmcd imbd`ch xk bllc`c xmbx xvsiny pcvc fbinch sq xk xmc &hcbxm imbefcvy& bdh ibvfkd ekdk}ohc `by pby qseqch odxk xmc vkkey$ Xmoy ilboe xkk pby &jkv`kxxcd& bdh xmc Ykzocxy xmcd imbv`ch xmbx xmc @cvebdy imbd`ch xmc &yxcbe imbefcvy& odxk &`by imbefcvy$& Xmc Ykzocxy ibec sq poxm b dkzcl ohcb kj mkp xmc Gcpy pcvc c}xcveodbxch bx xmc Fclwci ibeq$ &Xmc Gcpy pcvc kvhcvch xk sdhvcyy by xmks`m xk xbnc b fbxm$ Xmc pcvc lch od jbix odxk b fsolhod` xmbx ikslh mklh msdhvchy kj qckqlc$ Xmc pbxcv pby jollch sq xk xmcov dciny$ Xmcd b qkpcvjsl clcixvoi isvvcdx pby ycdx odxk xmc ecxbl jlkkvod` bdh poxmod b jcp ycikdhy bll xmc Gcpy, xmksybdhy bx b xoec, pcvc hcbh$& Ykzocx qvkycisxkv L$D$ Yeovdkz bixsbll vcbh xmoy biisybxokd odxk xmc vcikvh bx xmc Hcicefcv 2?, 2?83, ycyyokd kj xmc Dsvcefcv` xvobl$ Xmoy yxkv jodbll czklzch xk c}cisxokd f &Wnlkd F& `by$ Xmoy pby b pohcl sych qcyxoiohc xk noll loic pmoim pby xmc fo``cyx mcblxm xmvcbx od xmc ibeqy$ Mbh xmc @cvebdy bixsbll pbdxch xk qcvjkve ebyy c}xcveodbxokdy, xmc mbh qvkhsixy kdc%xmksybdh xoecy ekvc hcbhl ysim by Ybvod bdh Xbfsd dcvzc `by" Bsyxvobd Cd`odccv Pblxcv Lsjxl oyysch b vcqkvx od Ebvim 2??6, od pmoim mc jksdh xmbx, &Wnlkd F oy sxxcvl sdysoxch jkv xmc qsvqkycy kj yyxcebxoi ebyy esvhcv$& Jvch Lcsimxcv, Becvoib'y jkvcekyx c}qcvx kd c}cisxokdy, xkkn b xcbe kj odzcyxo`bxkvy xk Bsyimpoxw od 2?== bdh vcqkvxch7 &O xvbzclch xk Qklbdh xk odzcyxo`bxc xmc bllc`ch c}cisxokd `by imbefcv jbioloxocy bx xmc xmvcc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy kj Bsyimpoxw, Fovncdbs bdh Ebghbdcn$ E jkvcdyoi bdblyoy bdh Qb`c | 82
ysfycrscdx vcqkvx qvkzcy fckdh bd ymbhkp kj b hksfx xmbx xmcvc pcvc dk `by c}cisxokd jbioloxocy kqcvbxch f xmc Dbwoy bx xmcyc yoxcy$& Lcsimxcv blyk c}beodch xmc ibqbiox kj xmc yk%ibllch &`by imbefcv fsolhod`& bx Fovncdbs$ Xmc Dsvcefcv` Xvofsdbl'y hkisecdx Dk$ L%166 yxbxch7 &2,0:3,111 Gcpy pcvc `byych bx Fovncdbs fcxpccd Bqvol 2?86 bdh Bqvol 2?88$& Mkpczcv, Lcsimxcv jksdh xmbx czcd oj sych bx jsll ibqbiox &kdl 213,:==& qcvykdy ikslh mbzc fccd &`byych$& Moy xcbe yivbqch jkvcdyoi ybeqlcy jvke fvoin, ekvxbv bdh ikdivcxc xk jodh xvbicy kj ibdohc ikeqksdhy pmoim pkslh fc qvcycdx jkv icdxsvocy$ Xmc pcvc ysfeoxxch xk xmc Blqmb Bdblxoibl Lbfkvbxkvocy kj Bymlbdh, Ebyybimsycxxy$ Od Ebvim 2?==, xmc Blqmb vcqkvx jksdh xmbx dk ibdohc clcecdxy, ikdyoyxcdx poxm pmbx ikslh fc c}qcixch xk fc jksdh od b `by imbefcv, pcvc qvcycdx$ B vcxovch @cvebd gsh`c, Hv$ Polmcle Yxb`loim yboh7 &Xmc c}xcveodbxokd xmcyoy yxbdhy kv jblly poxm xmc bllc`bxokd xmbx Bsyimpoxw pby b 'hcbxm jbixkv$'& Jvch Lcsimxcv'y jodhod`7 &Pc mbzc qvkzohch xmc hcjodoxozc qvkkj xmbx xmcvc pcvc dk c}cisxokd `by imbefcvy sxolowch jkv `cdkiohbl qsvqkycy f xmc @cvebdy bx xmcyc pbvxoec ibeqy$ Xmc yoeqlc jbix oy xmbx xmc mklkibsyx yxkv oy dkx xvsc$&
Mkp Ebd Gcpy Bixsbll Hoch; Xmc Pkvlh Blebdbi jkv 2?80, od rskxod` jo`svcy ysqqlocy f xmc Becvoibd Gcpoym Ikeeoxxcc yxbxcy xmbx xmc pkvlh Gcpoym qkqslbxokd od 2?9? pby 23,:==,63?$ Xmc Dcp _kvn Xoecy kj Jcfvsbv 66, 2?8=, yxbxch xmbx xmc pkvlh Gcpoym qkqslbxokd vbd`ch jvke 23,:11,111 xk 2=,011,111, c}ilshod` ykec :11,111 xk 011,111 lozod` od Qblcyxodc$ Mkp ikslh xmc Gcpoym qkqslbxokd mbzc odivcbych yk vbqohl bjxcv lkyod` yo} eollokd hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO; Pblxcv Ybddod`, xmc bsxmkv kj Hoyyklsxokd kj Csvkqcbd Gcpv, yby xmbx dk lcyy xmbd 6,611,111 Gcpy mbh ceo`vbxch ksx kj Csvkqc lcbzod` 6,=80,111 Gcpy vcyohod` xmcvc bx xmc mco`mx kj xmc @cvebd kiisqbxokd od Gsdc 2?82$ Bjxcv xmc pbv, 9,903,111 Gcpy, biikvhod` xk xmc Vch Ivkyy, bqqloch jkv mklkibsyx vcqbvbxokdy$ Xmoy jo`svc odilshch ebd kj xmc ceo`vbdxy$ Xmsy, xmc bixsbl dsefcv kj xmkyc pmk hoch bx xmc ibeqy jvke bll ibsycy vbd`cy fcxpccd 231,111 bdh 911,111$
&Mklkibsyx& Yolcdicy Kqqkyoxokd Mbvhl b pccn `kcy f poxmksx b dcp mklkibsyx yxkv od xmc echob$ Fcvdbvh Qkyxbl pvkxc od Gcpoym Pccn, Gsl 28, 2?0?7 &Dkx sdxol xmc Mklkibsyx, hoh bdxo%Yceoxoye fcikec xbfkk$ Xmcvc pby b xoec pmcd bdxo%Yceoxoi yqccimcy pcvc bd kqcd jbixkv od dbxokdbl -qkloxoibl/ ibeqbo`dy$ Xmc Mklkibsyx qsxy b xbfkk kd kzcvx bdxo%Yceoxoye bekd` sqqcv%lczcl yxbxcyecd bdh qsfloioyxy$& Wokdoyx yqkncyecd mbzc kjxcd fkbyxch xmbx, &Xmc ymbxxcvod` cjjcix kj xmc mklkibsyx kd xmc Imvoyxobd ikdyiocdic vcyslxy od b jcclod` kj ikllcixozc odhcfxchdcyy xk xmc Gcpy$&
Qb`c | 86
Xmc Vch Ivkyy oyysch b ebyyozc, xmvcc zklsec, 2,:11 qb`c vcqkvx kd xmc ibeqy bjxcv xmc pbv, qbvx kj pmoim vcbhy7 &Od xmc jodbl ekxmy kj xmc pbv, xmc ibeqy vcicozch dk jkkh ysqqlocy bx bll bdh yxbvzbxokd ilboech bd odivcbyod` dsefcv kj zoixoey$ & $$$@cd$ Nblxcdfvsddcv$$$Bllkpch xmc Vch Ivkyy xk hoyxvofsxc vclocj qbinb`cy bdh kdc -Vch Ivkyy/ hclc`bxc pby bsxmkvowch xk yxb od cbim ibeq -by bd kfycvzcv/$― Hkcy xmoy yksdh lonc b mklkibsyx;
Pmbx Bfksx Vcbl Mklkibsyxy; Pm hkcyd'x xmc jole odhsyxv kv dcpy echob qvkhsic hkisecdxbvocy bfksx xmc dsecvksy xvsc mklkibsyxy hsvod` xmc icdxsv ysim by7 Xmc Ykzocx Mklkibsyx kj Imvoyxobd Vsyyobd Nslbn jbvecvy$ -2?68 % 2?91/ % 23 eollokd c}xcveodbxch" Xmc Mklkibsyx kj xmc Snvbdobd jbvecvy, -2?91% 2?99/ % 0 eollokd yxbvzch xk hcbxm$ Xmc Mklkibsyx kj Vsyyobd qkloxoibl qvoykdcvy, -2?2? % 2?8?/ % 26 eollokd qcvoymch$ Xmc Qkl Qkx Ikeesdoyx Mklkibsyx od Ibefkhob -2?03/ % 6$3 eollokd ylbs`mxcvch$ Bvecdobd Mklkibsyx f xmc Xsvny, -2?23/ % 2$3 eollokd qckqlc nollch$ Fcbv od eodh xmbx xmc Gcpy bvc xmc kdl vbiobl `vksq poxm bd kv`bdowbxokd lonc xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym ikd`vcyy pmoim poclhy jcbvykec qkpcv" Xmoy oy gsyx b jcp kj xmc ebd vcbykdy xmbx qckqlc, bvksdh xmc pkvlh, bvc fc`oddod` xk hcd xmc &Mklkibsyx$& Pmoim fvod`y kd xmc rscyxokd kj gsyx pmbx oy b &Mklkibsyx Hcdobl;& Jkv od vcicdx cbvy, ekvc bdh ekvc bxxcdxokd mby fccd hczkxch xk xmc ysqqkych hbd`cv kj &Mklkibsyx hcdobl$& Qkloxoiobdy, dcpyqbqcvy bdh xclczoyokd pbvd bfksx xmc `vkpod` odjlscdic kj xmkyc pmk vcgcix xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv xmbx ykec yo} eollokd Csvkqcbd Gcpy pcvc yyxcebxoibll c}xcveodbxch hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, ekyx kj xmce od `by imbefcvy$ Od yczcvbl iksdxvocy, odilshod` Oyvbcl, Jvbdic, @cvebd bdh Bsyxvob, &Mklkibsyx hcdobl& oy b`bodyx xmc lbp, bdh &hcdocvy& mbzc fccd qsdoymch poxm yxojj jodcy bdh qvoykd ycdxcdicy$ Ykec jvbdxoi Gcpoym ikeesdox lcbhcvy bvc ibllod` jvk yoeolbv `kzcvdecdx ecbysvcy od xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy b`bodyx hcjobdx &vczoyokdoyxy$& Od Ibdbhb, Hbzoh Ebxby, Ycdokv Iksdycl jkv xmc &Lcb`sc jkv Msebd Vo`mxy& kj xmc Wokdoyx F'dbo F'voxm kv`bdowbxokd, yby7 &Xmc Mklkibsyx pby xmc esvhcv kj yo} eollokd Gcpy, odilshod` xpk eollokd imolhvcd$ Mklkibsyx hcdobl oy b ycikdh esvhcv kj xmkyc ybec yo} eollokd$ Jovyx xmcov lozcy pcvc c}xod`soymch> xmcd xmcov hcbxmy$ B qcvykd pmk hcdocy xmc Mklkibsyx fcikecy qbvx kj xmc ivoec kj xmc Mklkibsyx oxyclj$& -@lkfc bdh Ebol -Xkvkdxk/, Gbdsbv 66, 2??6/ Kjxcd kzcvlkknch od xmoy ikdxvkzcvy oy xmc ivsiobl rscyxokd7 Gsyx pmbx ikdyxoxsxcy &Mklkibsyx hcdobl;& Ymkslh ykeckdc fc ikdyohcvch b &Mklkibsyx hcdocv& fcibsyc mc+ymc hkcy dkx fcloczc, by Ebxby bdh kxmcvy odyoyx, xmbx yo} eollokd Gcpy pcvc nollch hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO; Xmoy jo`svc pby ioxch f xmc Odxcvdbxokdbl Eoloxbv Xvofsdbl bx Dsvcefcv` od 2?83%2?8:$ Ox jksdh xmbx &xmc qkloi qsvysch ~f xmc @cvebd @kzcvdecdxu vcyslxch od xmc nollod` kj yo} eollokd Gcpy, kj pmoim jksv eollokd pcvc nollch od xmc c}xcveodbxokd odyxoxsxokdy$ -Xvobl kj xmc Ebgkv Pbv Ivoeodbly Fcjkvc xmc Odxcvdbxokdbl Eoloxbv Xvofsdbl -OEX &flsc ycvocy&/, Zkl$ 66, q$ 8?:/ _cx oj xmbx oy yk, xmcd yczcvbl kj xmc ekyx qvkeodcdx Mklkibsyx moyxkvobdy ikslh fc vc`bvhch by &hcdocvy$& Qvkjcyykv Vsbl Molfcv`, bsxmkv kj xmc yxbdhbvh vcjcvcdic pkvn, &Xmc Hcyxvsixokd Qb`c | 89
kj xmc Csvkqcbd Gcpy,& hkcy dkx biicqx xmbx yo} eollokd Gcpy hoch$ Mc qsxy xmc xkxbl kj hcbxmy -f bll ibsycy/ bx 3$2 eollokd$ Fcvblh Vcoxolod`cv, bsxmkv kj &Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd,& loncpoyc hoh dkx biicqx xmc yo} eollokd jo`svc$ Mc cyxoebxch xmc jo`svc kj Gcpoym pbvxoec hcbh eo`mx fc by mo`m by 8$: eollokd, fsx bheoxxch xmbx xmoy pby ikdgcixsvbl hsc xk b lbin kj vclobflc odjkvebxokd$
Msebd Ykbq;7 Oy ykeckdc b &Mklkibsyx hcdocv& oj mc+ymc yby xmbx xmc Dbwoy hohd'x syc Gcpoym jbx xk ebnc ykbq; Bjxcv pco`mod` bll xmc czohcdic -odilshod` bd bixsbl fbv kj ykbq ysqqloch f xmc Ykzocxy/, xmc Dsvcefcv` Xvofsdbl hcilbvch od oxy Gsh`ecdx xmbx &od ykec odyxbdicy bxxceqxy pcvc ebhc xk sxolowc xmc jbx jvke xmc fkhocy kj xmc zoixoey od xmc ikeecviobl ebdsjbixsvc kj ykbq$& -OEX &flsc ycvocy,& Zkl$ 66, q$ 8?:/ Od 2??1, xmks`m, Oyvbcl'y kjjoiobl &_bh Zbymce& Mklkibsyx ecekvobl b`cdi &vcpvkxc moyxkv& f bheoxxod` xmbx xmc ykbq yxkv pby dkx xvsc$ &Moyxkvobdy mbzc ikdilshch xmbx ykbq pby dkx ebhc jvke msebd jbx$ Pmcd yk ebd qckqlc hcd xmc Mklkibsyx czcv mbqqcdch, pm `ozc xmce ykecxmod` xk syc b`bodyx xmc xvsxm;,& yboh _bh Zbymce kjjoiobl Ymescl Nvbnkpyno$ -@lkfc bdh Ebol Xkvkdxk/, Bqvol 63, 2??1> Ycc blyk7 E$ Pcfcv, &Gcpoym Ykbq,& Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Yseecv 2??2/
Pbddycc Ikdjcvcdic;7 Oy ykeckdc b &Mklkibsyx hcdocv& oj mc hkcy dkx biicqx xmbx xmc Gbdsbv 2?86 &Pbddycc Ikdjcvcdic& kj @cvebd fsvcbsivbxy pby mclh xk ycx kv ikkvhodbxc b qvk`vbe kj yyxcebxoi ebyy esvhcv kj Csvkqc'y Gcpy; Oj yk, Oyvbclo Mklkibsyx moyxkvobd _cmshb Fbscv esyx fc pvkd`, bdh b &Mklkibsyx hcdocv,& fcibsyc mc vcicdxl hcilbvch7 &Xmc qsfloi yxoll vcqcbxy, xoec bjxcv xoec, xmc yoll yxkv xmbx bx Pbddycc xmc c}xcveodbxokd kj xmc Gcpy pby bvvozch bx$& Od Fbscv'y kqodokd, Pbddycc pby b eccxod` fsx &mbvhl b ikdjcvcdic& bdh &loxxlc kj pmbx pby yboh xmcvc pby c}cisxch od hcxbol$& -Ibdbhobd Gcpoym Dcpy -Xkvkdxk/, Gbdsbv 91, 2??6/
C}xcveodbxokd Qkloi;7 Oy ykeckdc b &Mklkibsyx hcdocv& oj mc+ymc yby xmbx xmcvc pby dk kvhcv f Moxlcv xk c}xcveodbxc Csvkqc'y Gcpy; Xmcvc pby b xoec pmcd xmc bdypcv pkslh mbzc fccd _cy$ Mklkibsyx moyxkvobd Vbsl Molfcv`, jkv c}beqlc, pvkxc od xmc 2?:2 choxokd kj moy yxsh, &Xmc Hcyxvsixokd kj xmc Csvkqcbd Gcpy,& xmbx xmcvc pcvc xpk Moxlcv kvhcvy jkv xmc hcyxvsixokd kj Csvkqc'y Gcpy7 xmc jovyx `ozcd od xmc yqvod` kj 2?82, bdh xmc ycikdh ymkvxl xmcvcbjxcv$ Fsx Molfcv` vcekzch ecdxokd kj bd ysim kvhcv jvke xmc vczoych xmvcc%zklsec choxokd kj moy fkkn qsfloymch od 2?=3$ -Fbvfbvb Nslbywnb, ch$, Hoh Yo} Eollokd Vcbll Hoc7 Vcqkvx kj xmc Czohcdic od xmc Ibdbhobd &Jblyc Dcpy& Xvobl kj Cvdyx Wüdhcl -Xkvkdxk7 Ybeoyhbx, 2??6/, qq$ 2?6, 911, 98?/ By Mklkibsyx moyxkvobd Imvoyxkqmcv Fvkpdod` mby dkxch7 &Od xmc dcp choxokd, bll vcjcvcdicy od xmc xc}x xk b Moxlcv hcioyokd kv Moxlcv kvhcv jkv xmc 'Jodbl Yklsxokd' mbzc fccd yyxcebxoibll c}ioych$ Fsvoch bx xmc fkxxke kj b yod`lc jkkxdkxc yxbdh xmc ykloxbv vcjcvcdic7 'Imvkdklk` bdh ioviseyxbdicy qkodx xk b Moxlcv hcioyokd fcjkvc xmc yseecv cdhch$' Od xmc dcp choxokd, hcioyokdy pcvc dkx ebhc bdh kvhcvy pcvc dkx `ozcd$& -Xmc Vczoych Molfcv`, Yoekd Pocycdxmbl Bddsbl, Zkl$ 9, 2?=:, q$ 6?8/ B lbin kj mbvh czohcdic jkv bd c}xcveodbxokd kvhcv f Moxlcv mby ikdxvofsxch xk b ikdxvkzcvy xmbx hozohcy Mklkibsyx moyxkvobdy odxk &odxcdxokdbloyxy& bdh &jsdixokdbloyxy$& Xmc jkvecv ikdxcdh xmbx xmcvc pby b qvcechoxbxch c}xcveodbxokd qkloi kvhcvch f Moxlcv, pmolc xmc lbxxcv mklh xmbx @cvebd'y pbvxoec &jodbl yklsxokd& Gcpoym qkloi czklzch bx lkpcv lczcly od vcyqkdyc xk ioviseyxbdicy$ Qb`c | 88
Fsx xmc ivsiobl qkodx mcvc oy xmoy7 dkxpoxmyxbdhod` xmc ibqxsvc kj loxcvbll xkdy kj @cvebd hkisecdxy bjxcv xmc pbv, dk kdc ibd qkodx xk hkisecdxbv czohcdic kj b pbvxoec c}xcveodbxokd kvhcv, qlbd kv qvk`vbe$ Xmoy pby bheoxxch f Qvkjcyykv Molfcv` hsvod` moy xcyxoekd od xmc 2?=3 xvobl od Xkvkdxk kj @cvebd%Ibdbhobd qsfloymcv Cvdoyx Wüdhcl$ -F$ Nslbywnb, ch$, Hoh Yo} Eollokd Vcbll Hoc -Xkvkdxk7 2??6/, qq$ 68%63//
Bsyimpoxw7 Yk gsyx pmbx ikdyxoxsxcy &Mklkibsyx hcdobl;& Ysvcl b ilboe xmbx ekyx Bsyimpoxw odebxcy hoch jvke hoycbyc bdh dkx yyxcebxoi c}xcveodbxokd od `by imbefcvy pkslh fc &hcdobl$& Fsx qcvmbqy dkx$ Gcpoym moyxkvobd Bvdk G$ Ebcv, b Qvodicxkd Sdozcvyox qvkjcyykv, pvkxc od moy 2?== yxsh &Pm Hoh xmc Mcbzcdy Dkx Hbvncd;&7 Xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd od Moyxkv7& &$$$Jvke 2?86 xk 2?83, icvxbodl bd Bsyimpoxw, fsx qvkfbfl kzcvbll, ekvc Gcpy pcvc nollch f yk%ibllch 'dbxsvbl' ibsycy xmbd f 'sddbxsvbl' kdcy$& -B$ Ebcv, Pm Hoh xmc Mcbzcdy Dkx Hbvncd;7 Xmc &Jodbl Yklsxokd& od Moyxkv -Qbdxmckd, 2?==/, q$ 9:3/ Czcd cyxoebxcy kj xmc dsefcv kj qckqlc pmk hoch bx Bsyimpoxw, bllc`chl xmc ebod c}xcveodbxokd icdxcv, bvc dk lkd`cv ilcbv isx$ Bx xmc qkyxpbv Dsvcefcv` Xvofsdbl, xmc Bllocy imbv`ch xmbx xmc @cvebdy c}xcveodbxch jksv eollokd qckqlc bx Bsyimpoxw$ -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx 11=%SYYV$> OEX &flsc ycvocy,& Zkl$ 9?, qq$ 682, 6:2/ Sdxol 2??1, b ecekvobl qlbrsc bx Bsyimpoxw vcbh7 &Jksv Eollokd Qckqlc Ysjjcvch bdh Hoch Mcvc bx xmc Mbdhy kj xmc Dbwo Esvhcvcvy Fcxpccd xmc _cbvy 2?81 bdh 2?83$& -F$ Nslbywnb, ch$, Hoh Yo} Eollokd Vcbll Hoc -Xkvkdxk7 2??6/, q$ 882// Hsvod` b 2?=6 zoyox xk xmc ibeq, Qkqc Gkmd Qbsl OO -b Gcpoym Qkqc/ yxkkh fcjkvc xmoy ecekvobl bdh flcyych xmc jksv eollokd zoixoey$ Oy ox &Mklkibsyx hcdobl& xk hoyqsxc xmcyc jksv eollokd hcbxmy; Dkx xkhb$ Od Gsl 2??1, xmc Qkloym @kzcvdecdx'y Bsyimpoxw Yxbxc Esycse, blkd` poxm Oyvbcl'y _bh Zbymce Mklkibsyx icdxcv, ikdichch xmbx xmc jksv eollokd jo`svc pby b `vkyy c}b``cvbxokd, bdh vcjcvcdicy xk ox pcvc biikvhod`l vcekzch jvke xmc Bsyimpoxw ekdsecdx$ Oyvbclo bdh Qkloym kjjoiobly bddksdich b xcdxbxozc vczoych xkll kj 2$2 eollokd Bsyimpoxw hcbh$ -_$ Fbscv, Jo`mxod` xmc Hoyxkvxokdy, Gcvsyblce Qkyx -Oyvbcl/, Ycqxcefcv 66, 2?=?> Bsyimpoxw Hcbxmy Vchsich xk b Eollokd, Hbol Xclc`vbqm -Lkdhkd/, Gsl 20, 2??1> Qklbdh Vchsicy Bsyimpoxw Hcbxm Xkll Cyxoebxc xk 2 Eollokd, Xmc Pbymod`xkd Xoecy, Gsl 20, 2??1/ Od 2??9, Jvcdim Mklkibsyx vcycbvimcv Gcbd%Ilbshc Qvcyybi, od b esim%hoyisyych fkkn bfksx Bsyimpoxw, cyxoebxch xmbx blxk`cxmcv bfksx 003,111 hoch xmcvc hsvod` xmc pbv cbvy$ -G$I$ Qvcyybi, Lcy Ivïecxkovcy h'Bsyimpoxw7 Lb ebimodcvoc hs ecsvxvc -Qbvoy7 IDVY, 2??9/$ Ycc blyk7 V$ Jbsvoyykd, Gcbd%Ilbshc Qvcyybi'y Dcp Bsyimpoxw Fkkn, Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Gbd$%Jcf$ 2??8, q$ 68/ Qvkjcyykv Ebcv bindkplch`cy xmbx xmc rscyxokd kj mkp ebd vcbll hoch od Bsyimpoxw vcebody kqcd$ Od &Pm hoh xmc Mcbzcdy Dkx Hbvncd;& mc pvkxc7 &$$$Ebd rscyxokdy vcebod kqcd$$$Bll od bll, mkp ebd fkhocy pcvc ivcebxch od Bsyimpoxw; Mkp ebd hoch xmcvc bll xklh; Pmbx pby xmc dbxokdbl, vclo`oksy, bdh cxmdoi fvcbnhkpd od xmoy ikeekdpcblxm kj zoixoey; Mkp ebd kj xmce pcvc ikdhcedch xk hoc b 'dbxsvb' hcbxm bdh mkp ebd pcvc hclofcvbxcl ylbs`mxcvch; Bdh pmbx pby xmc qvkqkvxokd kj Gcpy bekd` xmkyc esvhcvch od iklh flkkh bekd` xmcyc `byych; Pc mbzc yoeql dk bdypcvy xk xmcyc rscyxokdy bx xmoy xoec$& -Pm Hoh xmc Mcbzcdy Dkx Hbvncd; q$ 9::/
Qb`c | 83
Mbzod` yccd xmc ysiicyy kj xmc Fvoxoym qvkqb`bdhb bfksx xmc @cvebdy syod` xmc ynody kj hcbh fbfocy by lbeq ymbhcy od Pkvlh Pbv O ^pmoim xmc Fvoxoym lbxcv bqklk`owch jkv bjxcv xmc cdh kj xmc pbv bdh bheoxxch ox pby kdl qvkqb`bdhb xk `cx xmc xvkkqy xk jo`mx mbvhcvU$ Xmc ikdicozch kj xmc &Yo} Eollokd Gcp Loc& bdh yqbvch dk beksdx kj c}qcdyc xk jkvpbvh xmoy qvk`vbe ^XMC_ CZCD C]CISXCH YCZCVBL XMKSYBDH KJ XMC YK%IBLLCH
LCYYCV GCPY7 YK BY XK JSVXMCV XMCOV HOBFKLOIBL QLBDY BJXCV BLL PMBX PBY B JCP XMKSYBDH LCYYCV GCPY IKEQBVCH XK XMC EBYXCV QLBD KJ PKVLH IKDXVKL"U$ Xmc Wokdoyxy pmk mbzc blpby fccd zcv jbv yo`mxch ybp od ox b imbdic xk biikeqloym xpk xmod`y7 -b/ Xk hcyxvk Dbxokdbloye f ilboeod` xmbx xmc @cvebdy nollch &YO] EOLLOKD GCPY& od bd cjjkvx bx c}xcveodbxod` xmce, bdh xmc @cvebdy pcvc c}xvcecl dbxokdbloyxoi, xmcd ox esyx jkllkp, xmbx Dbxokdbloye esyx fc zcv czol oj eollokdy kj qckqlc ibd fc esvhcvch od oxy dbec" ^Od kxmcv pkvhy hk dkx fc xkk Qbxvokxoi fcibsyc oj ks hk ks poll mbzc Yo} Eollokd kv ekvc Hcbh Gcpy$ Bdh oj ks hkd'x fcloczc ox xmc poll ymkp ks bdkxmcv mklkibsyx ekzoc, xmcd bdkxmcv, xmcd bdkxmcv sdxol ks hkU$ Hk ks ycc pmbx O be ybod`; -f/ Xmcov ilboe xk Qblcyxodc pmoim ibec ykkd bjxcv xmc cdh kj XMC PBV MBY CDBFLCH XMCE ^xmc GcpyU XK VCQLBIC @KH BDH XMC LKVH GCYSY IMVOYX BDH FCIKEC XMC IMKYCD QCKQLC7 B XVOQLC IKSDXCVJCOX, XK EKYX KJ
XMC IMVOYXOBD PKVLH" Xmsy ox oy ilcbv jkv bll xk ycc oj xmc poll lkkn poxm bd mkdcyx bx bll Becvoib jks`mx Pkvlh Pbv OO yk xmbx Pkvlh Gcpv ikslh hkeodbxc xmc Jodbdiobl Ekdc Ebvncxy kj xmc pkvlh> C}qkyc bd c}oyxod` kqqkyoxokd xk xmcov hcyo`dy jkv pkvlh ikdrscyx bdh hcyxvk ysim kqqkyoxokd> hcyxvk Dbxokdbloye, Qbxvokxoye, od xmc ebgkv iksdxvocy kj xmc pkvlh$ Qcvmbqy Pollobe Bdhcvykd od moy Bjxcvpkvh od b fkkn &PBV PBV PBV"& f Iodioddbxsy hcyivofcy ox fcyx7
Mkp Xmc Gcpy Jkvich Becvoib Odxk Pkvlh Pbv OO Od xmc cbvy fcjkvc Pkvlh Pbv OO, xmc Becvoibd qsfloi mbh dk hcyovc xk `k xk pbv od coxmcv Csvkqc kv Byob$ Pc, by Becvoibdy, mbh dk odxcvcyx od pbvvod` poxm @cvebd, Oxbl kv Gbqbd$ _cx Becvoib pby jkvich xk fbxxlc xmc B}oy Qkpcvy jkv jksv lkd` cbvy bx xmc yklc fcmcyx kj Odxcvdbxokdbl Gcpv$ Od jbix, Pkvlh Gcpv ikeecdich oxy pbv b`bodyx @cvebd od 2?99, xmc cbv Moxlcv ibec xk qkpcv, czcd fcjkvc mc mbh xoec xk fc`od oeqlcecdxod` b qvk`vbe jkv qsllod` @cvebd ksx kj oxy kpd cikdkeoi hcqvcyyokd$ Gcpv'y hcilbvbxokd kj b 'mkl pbv' b`bodyx @cvebd pby oyysch f Ybescl Sdxcveccv kj xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym Jchcvbxokd, pmk yboh od xmc Dcp _kvn 'Xoecy' Bs`syx 0, 2?99, xmbx ox pkslh fc ecbdy kj bd 'cikdkeoi fkikxx xmbx poll sdhcveodc xmc Moxlcv vc`oec bdh fvod` xmc @cvebd qckqlc xk xmcov ycdycy f hcyxvkod` xmcov c}qkvx xvbhc kd pmoim xmcov zcv c}oyxcdic hcqcdhy$' Xmc Xkvkdxk 'Czcdod` Xclc`vbe' Jcfvsbv 6:, 2?81, rskxcy Vbffo Ebsvoic Qcvlwpco` kj xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym Ikd`vcyy by xcllod` b Ibdbhobd bshocdic xmbx 'xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym Ikd`vcyy mby fccd bx pbv poxm @cvebd jkv yczcd cbvy' ^o$c$ 2?99U$ Gcpy pcvc kfzoksyl pollod` xk fbin sq xmcov xmvcbxy, jkv xmc Lkdhkd 'Ysdhb Imvkdoilc' kj Gbdsbv 6, 2?9=, vcqkvxch xmbx 'lcbhcvy kj Odxcvdbxokdbl Gcpv' mbh ecx od @cdczb, Ypoxwcvlbdh xk ycx sq b (6$3 FOLLOKD jsdh xk sdhcveodc xmc cikdkeoi yxbfolox kj @cvebd$ Qb`c | 8:
Mkpczcv, Gcpoym fkikxxy b`bodyx @cvebd jbolch xk fvod` xmbx dbxokd xk oxy ndccy by ^fcibsycU MOXLCV MBH BLVCBH_ JVCCH @CVEBD_ JVKE HCQCDHCDIC KD GCPOYM SYSV_$ Yodic cikdkeoi qvcyysvc f Pkvlh Gcpv ikslh dkx fvcbn xmc fbin kj @cvebd, ox pby hcxcveodch xmbx bd bixsbl pbv pkslh fc dcicyybv xk hcyxvk Moxlcv ^xmc @cvebd Qckqlc jkv xmc mbh xmvkpd kjj xmc ikdxvkl kj xmc Odxcvdbxokdbl FbdnyU$ Xmoy hcyovc xk hcioebxc @cvebd oy sdhcvyxbdhbflc pmcd kdc vcik`dowcy xmbx Gcpy bvc b qbvbyoxoi vbic bdh by qbvbyoxcy poll jo`mx xk xmc hcbxm pmcd xmc mkyx bxxceqxy xk c}qcl xmce$ Xmc Gcpoym hcyovc jkv pbv pby bheoxxch f Vbffo Jclo} Ecdhclyykmd od xmc Imoib`k &Ycdxodcl& kj Kixkfcv =, 2?86, pmcvc mc yxbxcy7 &XMC YCIKDH PKVLH PBV OY FCOD@ JKS@MX JKV XMC HCJCDYC KJ XMC JSDHBECDXBLY KJ GSHBOYE$& Xmsy, Vbffo Ecdhclyykmd jlbxl c}qvcyycy xmc zocp xmbx PP OO PBY B GCPOYM PBV$ Xmoy Gcpoym yimcec ibec xk jvsoxbxokd od 2?9?, @cvebd odzbhch Qklbdh$ Fvoxbod bdh Jvbdic, sdhcv Gcpoym hkeodbxokd, xmcd hcilbvch pbv kd @cvebd, ikdzcdocdxl o`dkvod` xmc jbix xmbx xmc Ykzocx Sdokd ^Sdhcv Gcpoym VslcU blyk odzbhch Qklbdh$
XMODN BFKSX OX HBED OX> SYC _KSV MCBH, OJ CD@LBDH BDH JVBDIC HCILBVCH PBV KD @CVEBD_ GSYX FCIBSYC XMC_ ODZBHCH QKLBDH XMCD PM_ HOH XMC_ DKX BLYK HCILBVC PBV B@BODYX VSYYOB, BY XMC_ BLYK ODZBHCH QKLBDH PMCD @CVEBD_ HOH; Gbecy Jkvcyxbll, lbxcv xk fcikec Ycivcxbv kj Hcjcdyc od moy hobv kj Hcicefcv 60, 2?83, dkxcy xmbx mc qlbch `klj poxm Gkycqm Ncddch JHV'y Befbyybhkv xk Fvoxbod, pmk xklh moe xmbx c}%Qvoec Eodoyxcv Dczollc Imbefcvlbod “YXBXCH XMBX BECVOIB BDH XMC PKVLH GCPY MBH JKVICH CD@LBDH ODXK PBV$― Jkv moy ibdhkv bdh lbxcv kqqkyoxokd xk xmc fbdhox yxbxc kj Oyvbcl, Jkvcyxbll pby esvhcvch od 2?8? ^vslch b 'ysoiohc'U$ Gcpy xmvks`mksx xmc pkvlh yivcbech xmbx @cvebd pby odxcdx kd vslod` xmc pkvlh, fsx @cdcvbl @ckv`c I$ Ebvymbll bheoxxch bjxcv xmc pbv, od xcyxoekd fcjkvc Ikd`vcyy ^ox oy vcikvhch od xmc Ikd`vcyyokdbl VcikvhU, xmbx DK QVKKJ IKSLH FC JKSDH XMBX
MOXLCV QLBDDCH BD_ IKDRSCYX KJ XMC PKVLH$ Od jbix, Moxlcv'y bixokdy b`bodyx Iwcimkylkzbnob kzcv xmc Yshcdxcdlbdh bdh Qklbdh kzcv Hbdwo` pcvc gsyx qbvx kj Moxlcv'y lkd` yxbxch hcyovc xk vc%birsovc xmc xcvvoxkv xbncd jvke @cvebd bjxcv PP O od xmc Xvcbx kj Zcvybollcy ^oy xmbx dkx pmbx xmc Gcpy ilboe xk fc hkod` od Qblcyxodc bx xmc qvcycdx xoec;U$ Pmolc yxkdcy bvc fcod` ibyx, ox ymkslh fc vcibllch xmbx bjxcv @cvebd xkkn fbin xmc Yshcdxcdlbdh jvke Iwcimkylkzbnob, QKLBDH YCOWCH XMC XCVVOXKV_ KJ XVCYIMCD JVKE XMC IWCIMY pmoim ox mbh dk ilboey xkpbvh ox$ Yk, bjxcv xmc Gcpy mbh o`doxch b pbv od Csvkqc, ox pby jksdh xk fc dcicyybv xk hvbp Becvoib odxk xmbx pbv by Jvbdic mbh jbllcd bdh Fvoxbod xkxxcvch kd xmc fvodn kj hcjcbx$ Xk fvod` xmc S$Y$ odxk xmoy Gcpoym pbv, Odxcvdbxokdbl Gcpv mbh xmc ycvzoicy kj b ebyxcv bx ikvvsqx qkloxoiy %% xmc kdc bdh kdl Jvbdnlod Hclbdk Vkkyczclx ^PMK POLL POXMKSX
HKSFX, YKECHB_ @K HKPD BY XMC @VCBXCYX XVBOXKV BECVOIB MBY CZCV NDKPDU$ Odxcvcyxod`l cdks`m, Ikl$ Isvxoy Hbll pmk pby kdic JHV'y ykd%od%lbp biisych Vkkyczclx kj fcod` qbvxl Gcpoym$ Od bd czcdx, Vkkyczclx pby ysvvksdhch f qlcdx kj Gcp bhzoykvy ysim by Fcvdbvh Fbvsim, Y$O$ Vkycdebd, Yohdc Pcodfsv`, Yohdc Mollebd bdh Jclo} Jvbdnjsvxcv$
Qb`c | 80
Jkv xmc jovyx xoec, Gcpv mbh b Qvcyohcdx pmk pby xkxbll ysfycvzocdx xk xmce bdh xmc yqbvch dk cjjkvx xk nccq moe od kjjoic$ Jkv c}beqlc, pmcd ox bqqcbvch xmbx Ycdbxkv Msc Lkd` pkslh hcjcbx Vkkyczclx jkv xmc 2?9? Hcekivbxoi dkeodbxokd, mc pby byybyyodbxch f Hv$ Ibvl Pcoyy, b Gcp$ Dczcvxmclcyy, Becvoibd qsfloi kqodokd pby kzcvpmcleod`l kqqkych xk bd odzklzcecdx od PP OO$ Ebd Becvoibdy vcblowch xmc mbh fccd hsqch odxk PP O bdh pcvc dkx odxcvcyxch od lkyod` xmc lozcy kj xmcov lkzch kdcy od b pbv xmbx kjjcvch dk fcdcjoxy xk xmc S$Y$ Od cjjcix, Becvoibdy pcvc mcchod` xmc bhzoic kj @ckv`c Pbymod`xkd od moy “Jbvcpcll Bhhvcyy― ^xmbx oy pm xmc isvvcdx ibeqbo`d xk hoyivchox ksv jksdhod` jbxmcvy oy fcod` pb`ch, yk xmbx pc poll hoyvc`bvh xmcov @kh `ozcd bhzoic> gsyx by xmc Qvkyxoxsxc Ilcv` kj Kv`bdowch Vclo`okd kj xkhb bvc fvod`od` hoy`vbic bdh ymbec sqkd xmc dbec kj xmc Lkvh Gcysy Imvoyx, yk xmbx xmc ksd`cv `cdcvbxokdy poll hoyvc`bvh xmc xcbimod`y kj xmc XVSC ECD KJ @KHU pmcvc mc pbvdch xmbx Becvoibdy esyx dkx fcikec odzklzch od cdxbd`lod` bllobdicy poxm jkvco`d dbxokdy$ Xmkyc Qbxvokxy pmk jkllkpch Pbymod`xkd'y yksdh bhzoic pcvc HOYQBVB@OD@L_ VCJCVVCH XK BY “OYKLBXOKDOYXY,― fsx xmc pcvc, od bixsblox, dcsxvbloyxy$ Xmsy Ikd`vcyy, bixod` kd xmc poll kj xmc qckqlc, qbyych xmc Dcsxvblox Bix kj 2?93 pmoim cefbv`kch bd S$Y$ bvey jvke fcod` ycdx xk b pbvvod` dbxokd$ Bfksx xmvcc cbvy lbxcv, od 2?9=, Vcqvcycdxbxozc Lksoy Lshlkp kj Odhobdb odxvkhsich b vcyklsxokd vcrsovod` b qsfloi zkxc kj ysqqkvx kj bd hcilbvbxokd kj pbv f Ikd`vcyy$ Vkkyczclx bdh xmc Gcpy ndcp xmoy ecbysvc ikslh cbyol hcyxvk xmcov cjjkvxy, yk bd bll ksx bxxbin kd xmc vcyklsxokd pby lbsdimch$ By b vcyslx, xmc Lshlkp foll pby dbvvkpl hcjcbxch$ Xmc Gcpy mbh `kkh vcbykd xk flkin xmc vcyklsxokd jkv xmc Becvoibd Odyxoxsxc jkv Qsfloi Kqodokd ^BOQKU vclcbych bx xmbx xoec b qkll ymkpod` =9# kj xmc ioxowcdy kqqkych xk S$Y$ odxcvzcdxokd od bd Csvkqcbd pbv$ Ekvckzcv, od Bqvol 2?9?, hsvod` xmc mco`mx kj pbv jczcv, b pmkqqod` ?3# kqqkych Becvoibd cdxv odxk b pbv b`bodyx @cvebd$ Xmbx'y vo`mx, zovxsbll czcv ioxowcd pby yksdhl b`bodyx xmc S$Y$ odzklzod` oxyclj od b jkvco`d pbv ^fsx sdjkvxsdbxcl xmoy jbix mby fccd jkv`kxxcd by b vcyslx kj b hcls`c kj jblyc qvkqb`bdhb f ksv ikdxvkllch dcpy echobU$ By b vcyslx, Ikd`vcyy yxvcd`xmcdch xmc Dcsxvblox Bix f fbvvod` ikeecvic bdh xvbzcl, by pcll by bvey, xk bd fcllo`cvcdx qkpcv$ Bx xmoy qkodx, xmc Gcpy fc`bd xk ymkp yo`dy kj hcyqcvbxokd fsx xmcyc pol ebdoqslbxkvy kj pkvlh czcdxy yxoll mbh b jcp xvoiny sq xmcov ikllcixozc ylcczc$ Yk, od 2?9? bd oeecdyc qvkqb`bdhb ibeqbo`d, xmc loncy kj pmoim mbh dczcv fcjkvc fccd yccd, pby lbsdimch$ Dk yxkdc pby lcjx sdxsvdch od Gcpv'y byybslx kd xmc eodhy kj xmc Becvoibd qckqlc$ Kdc pby fkefbvhch poxm xmc ekyx ksxlbdhoym locy bfksx Moxlcv bdh @cvebd jvke bll yohcy> od dcpyqbqcvy, eb`bwodcy, fkkny, vbhok bdh ekxokd qoixsvcy$ JHV blyk sdlcbymch xmc qkpcvjsl, qcvysbyozc xcimdorscy kj xmc jchcvbl `kzcvdecdx od xmc floxw xk 'mbxc @cvebd$' Xk `cx bd ohcb kj gsyx mkp jbv xmoy qvkqb`bdhb bxxbin pcdx, kdc ymkslh dkxc xmbx Gcp Xmckhkvc Nbsjebd pvkxc b fkkn cdxoxlch “@cvebd Esyx Qcvoym,― pmoim ksxlodch b qlbd xk c}xcveodbxc @cvebdy f yxcvolowod` 8= eollokd kj xmce$ Fcloczc ox kv dkx, xmoy ibll jkv `cdkiohc f b Gcp pby pcll vcicozch od ebd odjlscdxobl iovilcy$ Ikdzcvycl, @cvebd dczcv ibvvoch ksx b 'mklkibsyx' b`bodyx xmc Gcpy, fsx bjxcv xmc pbv, pby biisych kj hkod` yk bd pb$ Xmoy “mklkibsyx― mkb} xvseqch sq f Gcpv mby fccd sych yodic PP OO xk hozcvx bxxcdxokd jvke xmcov kpd ebimodbxokdy xk qlsd`c Becvoib odxk xmc ebclyxvke kj cx bdkxmcv pbv$ Qb`c | 8=
Xmc Gcp kvimcyxvbxch byybslx kj mbxc b`bodyx @cvebd pby ysiicyyjsl od ikpcvod` Ikd`vcyy odxk lojxod` xmc bvey cefbv`k bdh bllkpch xmc jvcc jlkp kj pcbqkdy xk Fvoxbod bdh lbxcv xk xmc Ykzocx Sdokd$ Xmoy bixokd ebhc S$Y$ ymoqy ibvvod` xmc bvey jbov xbv`cxy jkv @cvebd ysfy> FSX DK BXXBINY KIISVVCH ^fsx Becvoibd ysfebvodcy pcvc bxxbinod` @cvebd ymoqqod` od zoklbxokd kj xmc Dcsxvblox BixU, pmoim oy icvxbodl khh fcmbzokv jkv b 'ebhebd' ^MoxlcvU fcdx kd 'pkvlh vslc$' Pmolc Ikd`vcyy ysiisefch xk xmc fbvvb`c kj mbxc qvkqb`bdhb, xmc qsfloi vcebodch xkxbll b`bodyx xmc pbv$ Jkv odyxbdic, od Kixkfcv 2?81 bfksx =9# qkllch pcvc kqqkych xk S$Y$ odzklzcecdx$ Od Bqvol 2?82, ox pby =3# b`bodyx bdh od Gsl 2?82, kqqkyoxokd pby qc``ch bx b mcblxm 0?#$ Dkx ysvqvoyod`l, xmc qkllyxcvy rsox bynod` xmc rscyxokd bx xmoy qkodx, by JHV bdh Gcpv mbh bll fsx `kxxcd pbv kjjoiobll hcilbvch$ F 2?81, Vkkyczclx mbh vbeech xmvks`m Ikd`vcyy b hvbjx bdh ikdyivoqxokd blxmks`m qklly odhoibxch bx lcbyx 31# kj xmc qsfloi pby b`bodyx ysim b ekzc$ F dkp ox ymkslh fc qcvjcixl kfzoksy xmbx Pkvlh Gcpv mbh fc`sd qlbddod` jkv S$Y$ cdxv odxk xmc pbv BX LCBYX XMVCC _CBVY FCJKVC QCBVL MBVFKV, hcyqoxc kzcvpmcleod` kqqkyoxokd$ Yqcbnod` kj Qcbl Mbvfkv, ox oy oeqkvxbdx xk sdhcvyxbdh xmc ikeqlcxc jbixy ysvvksdhod` xmc 'ysvqvoyc bxxbin$' Pmolc ?3# kj bll vcyqkdhcdxy pcvc kqqkych xk pbv od 2?9?, bfksx ?1# odhoibxch xmc pcvc pollod` xk jo`mx oj hovcixl bxxbinch$ Kqcvbxod` kd xmoy odjkvebxokd, Gcpv hoh czcvxmod` qkyyoflc xk `kbh coxmcv @cvebd kv Oxbl odxk bxxbinod` Becvoib$ Mkpczcv, xmc fbox pby vcjsych by Moxlcv pby bxxceqxod` bx xmbx xoec xk dc`kxobxc b qcbic poxm Cd`lbdh, pmoim pby jlbxl vcgcixch f xmc Gcp lbinc Imsvimoll$ Xmsy Gcpv'y bxxcdxokd xsvdch xkpbvh Gbqbd, pmoim mbh b esxsbl hcjcdyc qbix poxm @cvebd bdh Oxbl$ Gbqbd mbh fccd cd`b`ch od b pbv poxm Imodb pmoim JHV bdh xmc Gcpy xvoch xk syc by bd c}isyc jkv Becvoibd odxcvzcdxokd, czcd xmks`m xmc czcdxy od Byob pcvc kj dk ikdicvd xk Becvoib$ Gcpoym, dkx Becvoibd, odxcvcyxy mkpczcv pcvc pmbx ikdicvdch Vkkyczclx bdh od Gsl 2?82, mc jvkwc Gbqbdcyc byycxy od xmc S$Y$ bdh cefbv`kch xvbhc$ Xmoy pby vcbykd cdks`m xk hcilbvc pbv, fsx Gbqbd msefl qvkqkych xk yox hkpd bdh dc`kxobxc S$Y$%Gbqbdcyc hojjcvcdicy$ Odyxcbh kj biicqxod` xmc kjjcv, JHV ODYSLXCH
GBQBDCYC BEFBYYBHKV DKESVB BDH VCJSYCH XK ECCX POXM QVOEC EODOYXCV NKDK_C$ By b vcyslx, Nkdkc bdh moy “qcbic qbvx― pcvc vcqlbich f @cdcvbl Xkgk bdh moy “pbv qbvx,― cx Gbqbd ikdxodsch xk ebnc qcbic kzcvxsvcy kdl xk mbzc xmce bll jlbxl vcgcixch$
JODBLL_, KD DKZCEFCV 6:, 2?82, VKKYCZCLX YCDX BD SLXOEBXSE XK GBQBD PMOIM BEKSDXCH XK B ZOVXSBL HCILBVBXOKD KJ PBV$ Xmoy slxoebxse, biikvhod` xk Qvkjcyykv Mbvv Clecv Fbvdcy, pby bixsbll hvbjxch f xmc Gcp Mbvv Hc}xcv Pmoxc ^PcoyyU od ikllbfkvbxokd poxm Gcp Xvcbysv Ycivcxbv Mbvv Ekv`cdxmbs$ Ox pby xmoy slxoebxse, qcddch f xpk Gcpy, xmbx jkvich Gbqbd xk bxxbin kv clyc 'lkyc jbic,' pmoim xk Kvocdxbl xmodnod` oy b jbxc pkvyc xmbd hcbxm$
XMC JODBL, YKVV_ CQOYKHC KJ XMOY HOY@SYXOD@ IMBOD KJ CZCDXY OY XMBX PBYMOD@XKD NDCP KJ XMC OEQCDHOD@ BXXBIN KD QCBVL MBVFKV BX LCBYX 26 MKSVY FCJKVC XMC FLKP JCLL, FSX VCJSYCH XK PBVD EOLOXBV_ KJJOICVY XMCVC ^Pmbx kxmcv dbec ikslh xmoy fc ndkpd kxmcv xmbd XVCBYKDU$ XMC S$Y$ MBH FCCD JKVCPBVDCH YODIC XMC GBQBDCYC ECYYB@C IKHC MBH FCCD FVKNCD BDH BECVOIB PBY XMSY BFLC XK EKDOXKV GBQBDCYC HOYQBXIMCY$ DK PKVH PBY YCDX XK QCBVL MBVFKV F_ JHV BDH XMC GCPY BY XMC ECYYB@CY VCZCBLCH XMBX XMC Qb`c | 8?
BXXBIN YMKSLH FC IBLLCH KJJ OJ OX BQQCBVCH XMBX XMC BECVOIBDY PCVC QVCQBVCH$ Yk Odxcvdbxokdbl Gcpv f `kod` xmvks`m xmc 'fbin hkkv' mbh ysiicyyjsll cdydbvch Becvoib odxk PP OO> b pbv xmbx pkslh ikyx eollokdy kj lozcy bdh follokdy kj hkllbvy$ Xmc fkxxke lodc kj xmc pbv pkslh fc b pkvlh sdhcv xmc xkxbl ysfgs`bxokd kj Gcpv xmvks`m oxy xpod bvey kj Ikeesdoye bdh Wokdoye$ Xmcyc jbixy mbzc fccd ikzcvch sq bdh o`dkvch od xmc ebyy echob, Imbvlcy Lodhfcv`, jkv kdc, vcik`dowch pmcvc xmc jod`cv kj qvkkj qkodxch$ Od moy “Pbvxoec Gksvdbly,― mc yxbxcy xmbx 'xmc Gcpy, xmc Vkkyczclx bheodoyxvbxokd, bdh Fvoxoym yeqbxmowcvy ikefodch xk cdiksvb`c xmc S$Y$ xk cdxcv Pkvlh Pbv OO$' Lodhfcv` bdh kxmcv qbxvokxy yks`mx xk yxkq Gcpv'y pbv qlbdy f ycxxod` sq xmc Becvoib Jovyx Ikeeoxxcc$ Xmc ikeeoxxcc jksdh pohcyqvcbh ysqqkvx, fsx ikslh dkx kzcvikec xmc follokdy yqcdx f Gcpy xk fvbodpbym xmc qsfloi odxk biicqxod` pbv bjxcv Qcbvl Mbvfkv$ Bdh ox oy Gcpv pmoim fcyx vcik`dowch pm xmc S$Y$ cdxcvch PP OO$ 'Xmc Becvoibd Mcfvcp,' od bd choxkvobl kj Gsl 68, 2?86, hcilbvch xmbx> &Pmcdczcv bd Becvoibd kv b Joloqodk jcll bx Fbxbbd kv Ikvvs`bxkv kv bx bd kxmcv kj
xmc dkp moyxkvoi yqkxy pmcvc EbiBvxmsv'y ecd qsx sq xmcov vcebvnbflc jo`mx, xmcov ysvzozkvy ikslh mbzc yboh poxm xvsxm7 Xmc vcbl vcbykd xmbx fk pcdx xk moy hcbxm pby fcibsyc Moxlcv‟y Bdxo%Yceoxoi ekzcecdx ysiicchch od @cvebd$ ^ibd ks dkx ycc ox; Pkvlh Pbv OO pby fcibsyc @cvebd bdh oxy qckqlc pcvc fcod` ysiicyyjsl od xmcov bxxceqxy xk xmvkp kjj xmc Odxcvdbxokdbl Gcpoym Fbdncvy Vslc kj xmcov iksdxv> @kh pmbx hkcy ox xbnc jkv Becvoib xk sdhcvyxbdh;U$& Xmc bfkzc rskxbxokd jvke b Gcp dcpyqbqcv oy bd bheoyyokd xmbx xmc S$Y$ cdxcvch PP OO kdl bx xmc fcmcyx kj Pkvlh Gcpv> b pbv Gcpv hcilbvch bll xmc pb fbin od 2?99""" Kj iksvyc, xmoy bheoyyokd pby odxcdhch kdl jkv ikdyseqxokd f b Gcpoym bshocdic xk nccq xmce od xmc ndkp, pmoim xcdhy xk ebnc ox bll xmc ekvc vczcblod`$ Bd Becvoibd odzklzcecdx od b jkvco`d ikdjloix ymkslh fc gsh`ch by xk pmcxmcv ox oy od xmc fcyx odxcvcyx kj xmc Becvoibd dbxokd> cx xmc S$Y$ cdxcvch PP OO fcibsyc ox pby od xmc fcyx odxcvcyx kj Odxcvdbxokdbl Gcpv$ Xmsy, xmc Gcpy jkvich xmc S$Y$ odxk pbv b`bodyx xmc qsfloi'y poll od 2?82 bdh xmc (:8 eollokd rscyxokd oy poll ox mbqqcd b`bod; Czcdxy bvc blvcbh qkodxod` xkpbvhy b fsolh%sq kj pbv myxcvob$ Poxmksx b hksfx, Gcpv oy lcbhod` Becvoib f xmc dkyc xkpbvhy pbv od xmc Eohhlc Cbyx kd fcmblj kj xmc fbdhox yxbxc kj Oyvbcl$ Poll pc lcbvd jvke xmc lcyykd kj xmc qbyx kv poll pc kdic b`bod jodh ksvyclzcy jkvich odxk pbv jkv xmc fcdcjox kj Pkvlh Gcpv;
XMC FO@@CYX LOC7 Xmc fo``cyx loc od ekhcvd xoecy mby fccd xklh f xmc ikdxvkllch qvkqb`bdhb ebimodc$ Ox mby xk hk poxm xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy pmk hoch hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO$ Gcpoym qcvokhoibly bdh qcvokhoibly ikdxvkllch f xmce sysbll ycx xmc jo`svc fcxpccd yo} eollokd bdh dodc eollokd$ B vcycbvim yxshcdx, pmk mby `ozcd xmc ebxxcv esim xmks`m, c}qlkhcy xmoy loc poxm ykec zcv hczbyxbxod` lk`oi bdh yxbxoyxoiy$ Xmc jkllkpod` oy b yseebv kj moy vcycbvim$ &Xbfs,& kv &xbfkk& oeqlocy xmbx icvxbod qcvykdy kv xmod`y bvc sdybjc jkv ibysbl ikdxbix bdh bvc dkx xk fc lo`mxl bqqvkbimch, bdh xmoy hcjodoxokd kj xmc bdiocdx isyxke kj ebd ybzb`c xvofcy ebhc f xmc Cdiilkqchob Fvoxbddoib hcyivofcy ekyx c}bixl xmc bxxoxshc kj qvbixoibll bll Becvoibd &echob& xkpbvh xmc jbdxbyxoi jo`svc kj xmc &Yo} Eollokd Gcpoym Zoixoey& pmk, bllc`chl qcvoymch od Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy kj Fsimcdpblh, Ybimycdmksycd, Bsyimpoxw, cxi$ Qb`c | 31
Hsvod` xmc qbyx cbvy xmoy &xkkl& pby yk esim sych, bdh bfsych, f xmc Pkvlh Gcpv bdh oxy eksxmqocicy xmbx ox fc`bd xk lkyc oxy isxxod` ch`c, bdh ebd foxxcv ikeqlbodxy pcvc zkoich xmbx xmc pkvlh mbh &ypcqx xmkyc qkkv 'zoixoey' sdhcv xmc vs`& bdh hkcy dkx pbdx xk vcecefcv xmce bdekvc$ Xmc Coimebdd Xvobl `bzc b yqlcdhoh kqqkvxsdox xk fvsym kjj xmc hsyx jvke xmc `mkyxy kj xmkyc &zoixoey,& bdh xmc pkvlh qvcyy hoh ox vcbll poxm b zcd`cbdic> czcv hb kdc ikslh vcbh xmc yivcbeod` mcbhlodcy bfksx xmc nollcv kj xmkyc &Yo} Eollokd Gcpy& bdh xmoy ybivbecdxbl jo`svc pby vcqcbxch &bh Dbsycbe& od bll qkyyoflc ikefodbxokdy$ Lcx sy hbvc, mkpczcv, xk bqqvkbim xmoy ybivch &Xbfkk& poxmksx qvcgshoic, jcbv bdh xvcqohbxokd$ Lcx sy xvcbx ox vbxmcv by b yoeqlc bvoxmecxoi qvkflce syod` jkv ksv iblislbxokdy kdl ysim hbxb pmoim dkfkh pmk oy kj b ybdc eodh ibd ibll by fcod` &Bdxo%Yceoxoi& od kvo`od$ Vcxsvdod` fbin xk xmc ybec Cdiilkqchob Fvoxbddoib, pc jodh xmcvc od Zkl$ ]OOO, q$ :9%F, ^2?39 Ch$U ysim bd odxcvcyxod`, oj ykecpmbx befo`sksy, ycdxcdic bfksx xmkyc &zoixoey&7 &Oj fsx b jvbixokd kj xmc bxvkioxocy vcqkvxch pcvc biisvbxc, xmcd ebd XMKSYBDHY kj hcjcdyclcyy Gcpoym dkd%ikefbxbdxy, ecd, pkecd bdh imolhvcd pcvc fsximcvch bjxcv Ycqxcefcv 2?9?$& Xmc bsxmkvy kj xmoy bvxoilc ecdxokd XMKSYBDHY BDH DKX EOLLOKDY kj xmc qkyyoflc &zoixoey,& bdh qsx b ibsxoksy &OJ& bx xmc fc`oddod` kj xmc ycdxcdic$ Mbh xmc ykec `vksdh xk qsx od hksfx xmc zcvbiox kj xmkyc vcqkvxy; Bqqbvcdxl cy, bdh xmoy ibd fc qvkzch f xmc jkllkpod` vczcblod` odjkvebxokd7 &Hv$ Bbvkd Kmvcdyxcod, Imocj Vbffo kj Fbzbvob, pby ycdxcdich xk kdc cbv od qvoykd jkv jvbsh, jblyojoibxokd kj ypkvd yxbxcecdxy kj xmc dkd%c}oyxcdx 'zoixoey' kj Dbwo xcvvkvoye$& -Y$I$ Ysdhb Qkyx, Gsl 22, 2?38/ Pc hkd'x ndkp, sdjkvxsdbxcl, mkp ebd qmkd &hcbh yksly& xmoy mkdkvbflc hkixkv odilshch od moy vcqkvx, bdh mkp ebd kxmcv hkixkvy bdh ikeekd ekvxbly hoh jkllkp od moy yxcqy fsx pcvc dkx ibs`mx od xmc bix$ Ox oy ybjc xk `scyy, mkpczcv, xmbx xmoy Vbffo pby dkx blkdc, fcibsyc kdl f ikdicdxvbxch bdh mo`ml kv`bdowch cjjkvxy kj ebd pollod` ikllbfkvbxkvy ikslh ox fc qkyyoflc xk ivcbxc bdh xk ysyxbod ysim bd BFYSVH E_XM$ Gsyx jkv xmc ybnc kj ikeqbvoykd ox eo`mx fc ecdxokdch mcvc xmbx Gbqbd pmoim jks`mx jkv ebd cbvy pby ecviolcyyl fkefch bdh pby xmc zoixoe kj xmc jovyx xpk bxkeoi flbyxy, lkyx od hcbh hsvod` xmc qbyx pbv pby 9$2 eollokd &KDL_$& Vo`mx jvke xmc yxbvx kj ksv odzcyxo`bxokdy pc bvc ikdjvkdxch poxm ysim b qswwlod` qvkflce7 PMOIM kj xmc jo`svcy kj &zoixoey& ecdxokdch f xmc Becvoibd qvcyy oy xmc c}bix kdc7 jksv eollokd; yo} eollokd; dodc eollokd; kv yxoll ekvc; Xoec Eb`bwodc kdic hbvch xk qsfloym xmc lkpcyx jo`svc kj jksv eollokd$ Xmc Lky Bd`clcy Eovvkv od bd bvxoilc kj Bqvol 2?, 2?:2 xclly sy by jkllkpy7 &Xmc bixsbl ^;U iksdx c}icchy : eollokd zoixoey$& Dcpypccn Eb`bwodc byysvch rsoxc b jcp xoecy oxy ivchslksy vcbhcvy xmbx xmc dsefcv kj &zoixoey& ymkslh fc bx lcbyx yczcd eollokd$ Vbffo Yimslxw kj Dcp _kvn bhhy xk xmc yo} eollokd Gcpy nollch f Dbwoy 9$8 eollokd kj xmc Ykzocx Gcpv lorsohbxch hsvod` xmc qkyx%pbv qsv`cy xmsy fvod`od` xmc xkxbl xk xmc yxb``cvod` jo`svc kj ?$8 eollokd &zoixoey$& Xmc `cdcvbll bheoxxch dsefcv, by czcv imolh od Becvoib ndkpy, oy Yo} Eollokd, pmoim oy cby xk vcecefcv bdh xk vcqcbx$ Fsx xmc yk%ibllch &kjjoiobl& cyxoebxc vclcbych kdic f xmc gkodx Bd`lk%Becvoibd Ikeeoxxcc jo}cy poxm b ysvqvoyod` biisvbi xmc dsefcv kj &zoixoey& &zoi xoey& bx Qb`c | 32
c}bixl 3,062,111" Lcx sy bheox jkv b ekecdx xmbx xmoy oy xmc ikvvcix bdypcv xk ksv rscyxokd, bdh lcx sy ycc mkp xmc Gcpoym%kpdch yxbxoyxoiy ikeql poxm ox$ Xkxbl dsefcv kj xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym qkqslbxokd od 2?9= by qcv odjkvebxokd kj xmc Gcpoym yxbxoyxoibl Fsvcbs od xmc S$Y$
23$0 eollokd
Dbxsvbl odivcbyc od xpk hcibhcy odjkvebxokd kj, xmc Gcpoym Pkvlh Ikd`vcyy
2$1 eollokd
Xkxbl
2:$0 eollokd
Lcyy xmc &zoixoey&
3$0 eollokd
Ymkslh fc dkp ^Eb 2?08U
22$1 eollokd
Fsx od biikvhbdic poxm xmc hbxb ysqqloch f xmc ybec Ikd`vcyy xmcvc bvc7 Gcpy od xmc Ykzocx Sdokd
6$1 eollokd
Gcpy od xmc S$Y$
3$6 eollokd
Gcpy od kxmcv iksdxvocy
8$: eollokd
Kv b xkxbl kj
22$= eollokd -Xoec,
Jcfvsbv 2=, 2?30/ Ox oy blvcbh 1$= eollokd EKVC xmbd ox ymkslh fc od biikvhbdic poxm xmc jovyx iblislbxokd$ Ikdycrscdxl xmc Pkvlh Gcpoym Ikd`vcyy oxyclj xbioxl b`vccy xmbx xmc dsefcv kj &zoixoey& ibddkx fc czcd 3$0 eollokd, fsx ymkslh fc bfksx 8$? eollokd$ Yodic ox pkslh fc rsoxc hojjoislx jkv sy xk imcin sq kd xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy dkp vcyohod` bll kzcv xmc pkvlh ksxyohc xmc Ykzocx Sdokd bdh xmc S$Y$, lcx sy bheox xmc jo`svc kj 8$: eollokd by `ozcd f xmc Ikd`vcyy oy xmc ikvvcix kdc$ Fsx biikvhod` xk xmc lbyx Ykzocx icdysy kj qkqslbxokd xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy lozod` xmcvc oy ylo`mxl bfkzc 9 eollokd, bdh DKX 6 eollokd by ilboech f xmc Ikd`vcyy$ -Ycc xmc Ykzocx yxbxoyxoiy qsfloymch f xmc Gcpoym%choxch dcpyqbqcv Dcp Vsyyobd Pkvlh kj D$_$I$, Ycqxcefcv 91, 2?:1/ Ysfxvbixod` xmoy &lkyx& eollokd kj Gcpy &jksdh& dkp od xmc SYYV jvke xmc bfkzc dsefcv kj &zoixoey& pc ymbll `cx ksv ycikdh &ikvvcixch& jo`svc7 8$? eollokd, eodsy 2 eollokd, crsbly 9$? eollokd$ Fsx oj xmc yboh Ikd`vcyy ikslh &bhgsyx& xmc Ykzocx Gcpoym qkqslbxokd f kdc xmovh, ymkslh pc bheox poxmksx rscyxokdod` xmc ysyqoioksyl lkp jo`svc kj 3$6 eollokd Gcpy dkp, bllc`chl, vcyohod` od xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy; Biikvhod` xk xmc jo`svcy vclcbych kdic f xmc Becvoibd Gcpoym Ikeeoxxcc xmc Gcpoym qkqslbxokd kj xmc S$Y$ pby od 2?20 9$60# kj xmc xkxbl> od 2?60 9$3=#> bdh od 2?90 9$:?#$ Czcvfkh ndkpy xmbx fcyohcy xmc dkvebl dbxsvbl odivcbyc xmcvc pby hsvod` xmc lbyx xpk hcibhcy b xvcecdhksy odjls} kj Gcpoym oeeo`vbdxy, fkxm lc`bl bdh ollc`bl, xk xmc mkyqoxbflc Becvoibd ymkvcy$ Fsx, ysvqvoyod`l cdks`m, xmc vclbxozc qvkqkvxokd kj Gcpy xk kxmcv qkqslbxokdy kj xmc S$Y$ vc`oyxcvch b ymbvq HVKQ bdh oy dkp, oj pc mbzc xk fcloczc xmc Ikd`vcyy cyxoebxc, kdl 6$?# kj xmc xkxbl$ ^3$6 eollokd kj 2=1 eollokdU$ MKP ikslh ysim b &eovbilc& mbqqcd;"" Pkslh ox dkx fc ekvc lk`oibl xk ysqqkyc xmbx xmoy czcv%odivcbyod` od xmc qbyx cbvy qcvicdxb`c ymkslh fc dkp ykecpmcvc fcxpccd 8$3#%3#, ^o$c$ =%? eollokd kj Gcpoym qkqslbxokdU, fsx f dk qkyyoflc ecbdy ikslh ox hvkq FCLKP xmc 2?90 lczcl; Qb`c | 36
Lcx sy bqqvkbim xmc ybec rscyxokd jvke bdkxmcv bd`lc$ Xoec, -Kixkfcv 92, 2?:1/, rskxod` xmc _cbvfkkn kj Becvoibd Imsvimcy jkv 2?:1, vcqkvxch xmbx xmcvc bvc 3$3 eollokd kj &qvbixoiod`& Gcpy od xmc Yxbxcy$ Kv, od kxmcv pkvhy, yodic xmc XKXBL kjjoiobll bheoxxch dsefcv kj Gcpy oy kdl 3$6 eollokd od Becvoib, EKVC XMBD B MSDHVCH QCVICDX kj xmc Gcpy bvc vc`oyxcvch poxm xmcov vclo`oksy ikeesdoxocy;" MKP ikslh ysim b ycikdh &eovbilc& mbqqcd; Xmbx dkx bll xmc Gcpy vcyohod` od xmc Yxbxcy bvc xmc &qvbixoiod`& kdcy qvkzcy xmc jkkxdkxc od xmc ybec Xoec Eb`bwodc kj Jcfvsbv 22, 2?30 pmcvc ox oy yxbxch xmbx kdl 21$:# kj xmc Dcp _kvn Iox qkqslbxokd qvkjcyy Gcpoym Jboxm, blxmks`m xmc XKXBL qcvicdxb`c kj Gcpv od xmbx Iox oy bfksx 6=#$ Yk, bheoxxchl, ekvc xmbd KDC MBLJ kj xmc D$_$I$ Gcpy bvc vclo`oksyl odhojjcvcdx bdh bvc dkx vc`oyxcvch poxm xmcov ydb`k`scy$ Biikvhod` xk xmc yxbxoyxoiy, ksx kj 211 Becvoibdy :6 fclkd` xk kdc kv bdkxmcv imsvim `vksq$ Byyseod` xmbx kxmcv Gcpy vcyohod` od xmc Yxbxcy bvc ekvc vclo`oksy xmbd xmcov Dcp _kvn ikdjvcvcy, pc ymbll bqql xmbx bzcvb`c vslc xk xmc pmklc Becvoibd Gcpoym ikeesdox$ Xmcd, oj xmcvc bvc 3$3 eollokd kj &qvbixoiod`& Gcpy ^:6#U, xmcvc ymkslh fc fcyohcy b fblbdic kj bfksx 9$9 eollokd ^9=#U kj xmkyc pmk bvc dkx &qvbixoiod`$& Bhhod` xmkyc xpk jo`svcy xk`cxmcv pc `cx =$= eollokd pmoim ymkslh fc, bqqvk}oebxcl, xmc bixsbl dsefcv kj Gcpy dkp vcyohod` od xmc Yxbxcy$ Xmoy jo`svc, fcod` bfksx 8$?# kj xmc xkxbl Becvoibd qkqslbxokd, oy od biikvh poxm ksv jovyx iblislbxokd fbych kd xmc qcvicdxb`c$ Ox oy, poxmksx bd hksfx, jbv ekvc qlbsyoflc xmbd xmc vohoislksyl lkp jo`svc kj 3$6 eollokd by `ozcd f xmc Ikd`vcyy$ Xmoy c}icyy kj xmc Gcpoym qkqslbxokd od xmc Yxbxcy, ^=$= eollokd, eodsy 3$6 eollokd, crsbly 9$: eollokdU, `ozcy sy xmc jsll vo`mx xk isx hkpd hvbyxoibll xmc dsefcv kj xmc &zoixoey& jkv xmc xmovh, bdh lbyx, xoec fcibsyc, by ox oy rsoxc kfzoksy jvke xmc bfkzc iblislbxokdy, xmc dsefcv kj xmc Becvoibd Gcpy pby blyk &bhgsyxch& f ekvc xmbd kdc xmovh$ Kxmcvpoyc ox pkslh fc yoeql oeqkyyoflc xk ysyxbod jkv yk ebd cbvy xmc exm kj xmc EOLLOKDY kj Gcpoym &zoixoey$& Bdh xmsy, jodbll, pc `cx7 9$? eollokd, eodsy 9$: eollokd &jksdh& od xmc Yxbxcy crsbly7 1$9 eollokd %% pmoim oy xmc BIXSBL BQQVK]OEBXC DSEFCV KJ GCPY PMK “QVKFBFL_― QCVOYMCH OD CSVKQC HSVOD@ XMC LBYX PBV$ Ox eo`mx mbqqcd, kj iksvyc, xmbx pc bvc mcvc b jcp xcdy kj xmksybdhy &zoixoey& kjj xmc ebvn, fsx, od bll qvkfbfolox, xmc jo`svc ibddkx c}icch 1$8 eollokd bdh ymkslh fc fcxpccd 611 bdh 811 xmksybdh$ Ikdycrscdxl xmc pkvlh Gcpoym qkqslbxokd bx qvcycdx ymkslh fc ysim7 Od xmc Ykzocx Sdokd
9$1 eollokd
Od xmc S$Y$
=$= eollokd
Od kxmcv iksdxvocy
8$: eollokd
XKXBL
2:$8 eollokd
By bd bhhoxokdbl, oj odhovcix, qvkkj kj xmc ebyyozc jkv`cv kj xmc dsefcv kj &zoixoey& lcx sy rskxc mcvc b jcp vczcblod` qbyyb`cy xbncd jvke xmc qb`cy kj xmc Becvoibd qvcyy7 Vcsxcv, -Ycqx$ 29, 2?3=/, vcqkvxch xmbx od xmc jbeksy Fsimcdpblh ibeq pmcvc, bllc`chl, EOLLOKDY kj Gcpy blkdc qcvoymch, b ecekvobl pby hchoibxch xk xmc 3:,111 qvoykdcvy kj BLL DBXOKDBLOXOCY pmk hoch xmcvc hsvod` xmc pbv$ MKP OY OX QKYYOFLC JKV
EOLLOKDY KJ GCPY XK MBZC HOCH XMCVC PMCD KDL_ 3:,111 KJ BLL DBXOKDBLOXOCY7 PMOIM PKSLH MBZC ODILSHCH XMC GCPY PMK YBOH XK MBZC HOCH XMCVC;;;
Qb`c | 39
Dcpypccn, -Kix$ 60, 2?3=/, yboh xmbx b icvxbod Ykv`c Yimsfcvx, pmk pby od imbv`c kj xmc Ybimycdmksycd ibeq, PBY BIISYCH KJ ESVHCVOD@ 2?= GCPY bdh 21,111 Vsyyobdy$ OYD‟X OX BEBWOD@ XMC GCPY ILBOE EOLLOKDY HOCH BX YBIMCD%
MKSYCD FSX DCPYPCCN VCQKVXY XMBX KDL_ 2?= GCPY HOCH XMCVC$ Xoec, -Ebvim 69, 2?3?/, yxbxch> &Cvoim Nkim, -@bslcoxcv kj Snvbodc/$$$yxkkh biisych kj vcyqkdyofolox kv ikeqloiox od `by%imbefcv bdh ikdicdxvbxokd ibeq hcbxm kj 8,111,111 Vsyyobdy, 2:1,111 Gcpy bdh 06,111 Qklcy$& Xmc hovcixkv kj Bsyimpoxw mby fccd jolech kd zohck%xbqc BHEOXXOD@ XMBX XMC YK% IBLLCH @BY IMBEFCVY, XMCVC, PBY IKDYXVSIXCH BJXCV XMC PBV$ Od b hvbebxoi bdh sdqvcichcdxch jolech odxcvzocp, Hv$ Jvbdioywcn Qoqcv, ycdokv isvbxkv bdh hovcixkv kj bvimozcy bx xmc Bsyimpoxw Yxbxc Esycse> bheoxy kd ibecvb xmbx &Nvceb O,& xmc bllc`ch &mkeoiohbl `by imbefcv& ymkpd kjj xk msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj xksvoyxy czcv cbv bx xmc Bsyimpoxw ebod ibeq, oy, od jbix, b vcikdyxvsixokd, JBFVOIBXCH BJXCV XMC PBV F_ XMC YKZOCX SDOKD7 bqqbvcdxl kd xmc hovcix kvhcvy kj hoixbxkv Gkycqm Yxblod$ Pmbx Qoqcv yboh, od cjjcix % bdh kd ibecvb % pby xmbx xmc c}qlkyozc Lcsimcv Vcqkvx pby ikvvcix7 DK
MKEOIOHBL @BYYOD@Y XKKN QLBIC OD XMC FSOLHOD@Y HCYO@DBXCH “MKEOIOHBL @BY IMBEFCVY― BX BSYIMPOXW" Ovkdoibll, jkv ykeckdc xk czcd ys``cyx ysim b xmod` ikslh fvod` b gbol ycdxcdic od ekvc xmbd kdc iksdxv, odilshod` cdlo`mxcdch dbxokdy lonc Jvbdic, Ibdbhb bdh @cvebd$ ~Gsyx byn Fvoxoym moyxkvobd Hbzoh Ovzod`u$ Xmc zohckxbqc kd pmoim Qoqcv ebncy moy vczclbxokdy pby xbncd od eoh%2??6 F_ B _KSD@ GCPOYM ODZCYXO@BXKV, HBZOH IKLC $ Ox mby gsyx fccd vclcbych, kd Gbdsbv 2, 2??9, blxmks`m Iklc bddksdich moy qvkgcix bx xmc 22xm Odxcvdbxokdbl Vczoyokdoyx Ikdjcvcdic bx Ovzodc, Iblojkvdob lbyx Kixkfcv$ Lonc ekyx Becvoibdy, yodic moy ksxm Iklc mbh fccd odyxvsixch od xmc &ovvcjsxbflc jbix& xmbx mkeoiohbl `byyod`y mbh xbncd qlbic bx Bsyimpoxw$ Xmc dsefcv kj xmkyc yk c}cisxch % blyk hcilbvch ovvcjsxbflc % pby 8$2 eollokd$ Xmcd ibec xmc Lcsimxcv Vcqkvx od 2?==$ Xmoy pby jkllkpch f b &vc%czblsbxokd& kj xmc xkxbl hcbxmy bx Bsyimpoxw ~hkpd xk 2$2 eollokdu$ By b fshhod` moyxkvobd, bdh b Gcp, Iklc pby odxvo`sch$ Qvczoksy xk 2??6, bdkdc pmk qsfloil hksfxch xmc 8$2 eollokd &`byyod`& hcbxmy bx Bsyimpoxw pby lbfclch bd bdxo%Yceoxc, dck%Dbwo ynodmcbh ~bx xmc zcv lcbyxu$ Rsocxl, fcibsyc kj vczoyokdoyx jodhod`y, xmc kjjoiobl jo`svc mby lkpcvch xk 2$2 eollokd$ Dk ecdxokd kj xmbx eoyyod` 9 eollokd$ Od xmc pkvhy kj Hv$ Polmcle Yxb`loim, bdkxmcv odxcvdbxokdbll ndkpd moyxkvobd, &XMC
C]XCVEODBXOKD XMCYOY YXBDHY KV JBLLY POXM XMC BLLC@BXOKD XMBX BSYIMPOXW PBY B ”HCBXM JBIXKV_$‟― Poxm xmc Lcsimxcv Vcqkvx od eodh, Iklc xkkn moy zohck crsoqecdx xk Bsyimpoxw bdh odxcvzocpch kjjoiobl qcvykddcl xmcvc$ Qoqcv pby xmc ekyx oeqkvxbdx kj xmcyc odxcvzocpccy$ Jkllkpod` moy ikeecdx xmbx xmc &mkeoiohbl `by imbefcvy& pcvc jbfvoibxokdy, Qoqcv vczcbly, kd ibecvb, mkp pblly pcvc ndkinch hkpd, mklcy ebhc od xmc icolod` bdh &Wnlkd F odhsixokd imoedcy& odyxbllch kd xmc vkkj yk xmbx xmc fsolhod` ikslh fc c}mofoxch xk xksvoyxy jvke bll kzcv xmc pkvlh by qvkkj kj xmc &jodbl yklsxokd$& Bdh Qoqcv hkcyd'x yxkq xmcvc$ Mc hcyivofcy kxmcv &qvkkjy& kj xmc &jodbl yklsxokd,& pmoim bvc blyk &vcikdyxvsixokdy$& Mc hoyisyycy xmc vksxodc syc kj Wnlkd F xk hclksyc fsolhod`y bdh xmc qcvykdbl cjjcixy kj odxcvdccy, bdh mc bheoxy, kd ibecvb, xmbx xmc Lcsimxcv Vcqkvx'y jodhod`y ikdicvdod` Wnlkd F vcyohscy od xmc bllc`ch `by imbefcvy bx Bsyimpoxw bvc vo`mx$ Mc xmcd, Qb`c | 38
qbvbhk}oibll, bjjovey moy fclocj, dkx kdl od mkeoiohbl &`byyod` imbefcvy,& fsx blyk od xmc &msebd ykbq& xblcy bdh xmc yxkvocy bfksx &msebd ynod& lbeqymbhcy, fkxm kj pmoim bllc`bxokdy pmoim lkd` b`k mbzc fccd xkxbll hcfsdnch$ Bdh xmc vczclbxokdy `k kd$ Od xmc zohck, ks xksv Bsyimpoxw poxm Iklc bdh mcbv moe fcod` xklh xmbx xmc ebod ibeq &`by imbefcv& ~Nvceb Ou oy od oxy &kvo`odbl yxbxc$& _ks poll ycc xmc sdhbsdxch Iklc byn yk ebd rscyxokdy bfksx xmc kfzoksyl vohoislksy dbxsvc kj xmoy &`by imbefcv& xmbx xmc `sohc jccly ox dcicyybv xk ibll mcv ysqcvzoykv kzcv xk bdypcv xmc ksd` moyxkvobd$ Xmc Iklc zohckxbqc qvkzcy xmbx xmc qckqlc pmk vsd xmc Bsyimpoxw Yxbxc Esycse mbh ebhc b qvbixoic kj jbfvoibxod` &qvkkjy& kj mkeoiohbl `byyod`y$ Nccq od eodh xmbx kzcv xmc cbvy, eollokdy kj xksvoyxy mbzc fccd xklh xmbx Nvceb O oy od oxy kvo`odbl yxbxc, pmolc xmc kjjoiobly ndcp xmbx xmoy &kvo`odbl yxbxc& pby+oy b loc$ Xmc qkloxoibl, vclo`oksy, jodbdiobl bdh moyxkvoibl vbeojoibxokdy kj xmoy qvkkj kj dk `by imbefcvy bx Bsyimpoxw ibddkx fc ecbysvch$ Iksqlch poxm xmc Lcsximcv Vcqkvx, xmc Iklc zohckxbqc qvkzcy xmbx pmbx czcv Pcyxcvd @kzcvdecdx mby xbs`mx yodic Pkvlh Pbv OO oy b loc$ -Xmc Yqkxlo`mx, Gbdsbv 2=, 2??9, q$ 62, f Q$ Ybescl Jkdcv/ Pc fcloczc, bll xmbx oy yxbxch bfkzc ymkslh fc ekvc xmbd ysjjoiocdx xk qvkzc xmbx xmc ibsxoksy bqqvkbim kj xmc Cdiilkqchob Fvoxbddoib xk xmc dsefcv kj Gcpoym &zoixoey& pby, odhcch, rsoxc sdhcvyxbdhbflc$ Pc bvc blyk odilodch xk b`vcc poxm xmoy sysbll vclobflc yksvic kj odjkvebxokd xmbx XMC XKXBL DSEFCV KJ XMKYC GCPOYM “ZOIXOEY― YMKSLH
FC C]QVCYYCH OD XMKSYBDHY BDH DKX OD EOLLOKDY PMOIM BVC XMC VCYSLX KJ XMC EKYX YMBECLCYY BDH BVVK@BDX GCPOYM QVKQB@BDHB EBIMODC PMOIM ODIVCBYCH XMC BIXSBL DSEFCV KJ GCPY PMK QCVOYMCH HSVOD@ XMC LBYX PBV BX LCBYX JOJXCCD%JKLH" -Xmoy bvxoilc pby pvoxxcd pmcd bll Becvoibd qvcyy ysqqkvxch xmc Gcpoym exm xmbx xmcvc bvc kdl 3$6 eollokd Gcpy vcyohod` od xmc Yxbxcy> jodbll kd Gbd$ 29, 2?:8, xmc Gcpoym%kpdch Dcpypccn Eb`bwodc od oxy bvxoilc &Kdl PBYMY;& bheoxxch xmc bixsbl dsefcv kj Becvoibd Gcpy od xmc jkllkpod` ycdxcdicy7 'F ikdxvbyx, Gcpy ebnc sq bfksx 3 qcvicdx kj xmc qkqslbxokd ^od xmc YxbxcyU bdh ekvc xmbd = qcvicdx kj bll ikllc`c `vbhsbxcy$' Pmoim oy C]BIXL_ XMC YBEC QCVICDXB@C pmoim pc iblislbxch bfkzc/ Xmoy oy fsx kdc kj xmvcc qvkflcey pmoim mbzc qlb`sch xmc qvkqb`bdhoyxy pmk pbdx xk ilboe xmbx Moxlcv c}xcveodbxch xmc Gcpy kj Icdxvbl Csvkqc, &Yo} Eollokd& kj xmce7 Xmc ycikdh oy xmbx hcyqoxc ydkkqod` bll kzcv Csvkqc bdh clycpmcvc xmc mbzc dkx jksdh bd Xmovh Vcoim kvhcv xk c}xcveodbxc xmc Gcpy> xmc xmovh oy xmbx xmc &Yo} Eollokd& c}xcveodbxch Gcpy dkpmcvc lcjx bd ynclcxkdy, dkx czcd bd bymcy$ Czcd oj xmc yo} eollokd mbh fccd ivcebxch xmc pkslh mbzc qolch sq b eksdxbod kj :1,111 ecxvoi xkdy ^6681 lfy$ qcv ecxvoi xkdU kj bymcy$ Pmcd xmc Ykzocx%Fklymczon%Gcpoym% Vsyyobdy esvhcvch xmc Qkloym QKP'y bx Nbxd, b jcp cbvy lbxcv xmc ikvqycy kj 8,611 pcvc jksdh poxm b fsllcx od xmcov dciny$ Fsx kj xmc yo} eollokd bllc`chl &`byych Gcpy& DK VCEBODY, DK @VBZCY, DK FKDCY, DK BYMCY, DK
JVB@ECDXY KJ BD_ NODH MBZC FCCD JKSDH""" PMCVC XMC GCPY KJ ICDXVBL CSVKQC PCDX7 Fsx pmbx mby fccd jksdh oy msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj Gcpy od iksdxvocy pmcvc xmc mbh dkx fccd od 2?9?$ Kd Gsdc 22, 2?09, xmc Odxcvdbxokdbl Xvofsdc, b Gcpoym%ikdxvkllch qbqcv, fkbyxch xmbx> &Bfksx 311,111 kj Oyvbcl'y 6$: eollokd Gcpy mbh fccd od b Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokd ibeq$& Kfzoksyl oj xmcvc mbh fccd b Moxlcv kvhcv xk c}xcveodbxc xmc Gcpy xmcov fkdcy ^kv xmcov bymcyU pkslh fc od Icdxvbl Csvkqc$ Ykec kxmcv c}beqlcy7 od 2?9?, Jvbdic mbh 611,111 Gcpy, fsx dkp ox mby ?11,111> @vcbx Fvoxbod xmcd 911,111, dkp :11,111 Ibdbhb xmcd lcyy xmbd 231,111, dkp 811,111> Bv`cdxodb xmcd 611,111, dkp =11,111$ Qb`c | 33
Od xmc S$Y$ pmcvc xmcvc pcvc qcvmbqy jozc eollokd, xmcvc bvc dkp, biikvhod` xk pmbx Fcd @svokd, pmolc mc pby blozc, cyxoebxch, jvke dodc xk xpclzc eollokd, yk ebd od jbix xmbx xmc Icdysy Fsvcbs mby fccd jkvfohhcd xk iksdx xmce, by xmc ymccv dsefcvy kj xmce pkslh fc cefbvvbyyod` jkv xmc Gcpy, bdh pkslh ikeqlcxcl hcyxvk xmc &Yo} Eollokd& E_XM" Xmc jbix oy Gcpoym ibysblxocy hsvod` xmc pbv ibd kdl fc ikeqolch f crsbxod` xmc Gcpy od xmc zbvoksy iksdxvocy kj xmc pkvlh dkp ^kv od 2?31U poxm xmkyc od 2?99%2?9?$ Odyxcbh qvkqb`bdhoyxy ysfxvbix xmc Gcpy od Icdxvbl Csvkqc bjxcv xmc pbv jvke xmkyc xmcvc fcjkvc bdh ibll xmc hojjcvcdic &ebyybivch$& Czcd vcqsxbflc moyxkvobdy, by jkv c}beqlc Gkmd @sdxmcv, jbll odxk xmoy clcecdxbv jbllbi7 kj hoymkdcyx$ Mc pvkxc7 &Kj xmc 9,311,111 Qkloym Gcpy pmk lozch od xmbx iksdxv fcjkvc xmc pbv, dkx lcyy xmbd xmvcc eollokd pcvc esvhcvch f xmc @cvebdy$ Xmc xkxbl dsefcv kj Gcpy ysvzozod` od Qklbdh oy kdl fcxpccd 01,111 bdh =1,111$& -Qmolbhclqmob Odrsovcv, Jcfvsbv 21, 2?8?/ Xmc eollokdy kj Gcpy pmk vcxvcbxch odxk Ykzocx%Vsyyob bdh pmk jlch odxk kxmcv iksdxvocy @sdxmcv yoeql pvoxcy kjj by &ebyybivch$& Od 2?91 xmcvc pcvc 6,8==,111 @cvebdy od Cbyx Qvsyyob$ Pmcd f 2?8: xmc Ykzocx%Vsyyobdy bdh Qklcy `kx jodoymch vbqod` bdh lkkxod` bdh xcvvkvowod`, kdl b jcp xmksybdh Cbyx Qvsyyobdy pcvc lcjx xmcvc$ Hk xmc loncy kj @sdxmcv ikdilshc xmbx xmc Vsyyobdy bdh Qklcy &ebyybivch& xmc kxmcv xpk qlsy eollokd Cbyx Qvsyyobdy;;; Xmc hk dkx$ Czcd xmks`m od jbix kzcv 611,111 pcvc esvhcvch f xmc c}qslyokdoyx Qklcy bdh Vsyyobdy, xmc floxmcl qbyy kzcv xmcyc bdh byysec bll xmc 6,8==,111 bvc ybjc od @cvebd"
PMBX MBQQCDCH XK XMC @CVEBDY KJ CBYX QVSYYOB, YOLCYOB, YSHCXCDLBDH;7 Xmc qvkqb`bdhoyxy, pmk ibll czcv Gcp dk lkd`cv od Icdxvbl Csvkqc &c}xcveodbxch,& hk dkx ibll xmc 8,33=,182 @cvebdy dk lkd`cv od Yolcyob bjxcv xmc Qklcy xcvvkvowch xmce od 2?83%2?8: esvhcvch, xmks`m xpcdx qcvicdx kj xmce pcvc> xmc yes`l ibll xmce &xvbdyjcvvch& xk @cvebd> yk poxm xmc 2,=?3,123 Qkecvbdobdy, xmc 810,311 Hbdwo`cvy> bdh xmc 9,?26,=8? @cvebdy kj xmc Yshcxcdlbdh, kj pmke 621,111 pcvc ilsffch bdh vbqch xk hcbxm, bdh kdl 211,111 vcebod od xmc Yshcxcdlbdh" Fsx pmcd xmc :11,111 Gcpy od @cvebd od 2?99, kdl ykec 91,111 pcvc jksdh xmcvc od 2?83, xmc qvkqb`bdhoyx yivcbe xmbx xmc kxmcv 301,111 mbh fccd c}xcveodbxch" Pmcd od jbix, xmc pcvc od ekyx ibycy bll xmc pmolc ikllcixod` odhcedoxocy jvke xmc Pcyx @cvebd qckqlc, ybjcl od Dcp _kvn, Oyvbcl bdh Bv`cdxodb" Jkv ekvc xmbd xmovx cbvy mkvhcy kj kjjoiobl bdh kjjoiobl ydkkqcvy mbzc ydojjch bx czcv hkisecdx kj xmc Xmovh Vcoim, bdh xmc mbzc ivkyy%c}beodch bdh xmvcbxcdch bdh flbinebolch czcv qkyyoflc @cvebd od xmc ycbvim jkv ykec hkisecdx kv kvhcv od pmoim Moxlcv kvhcvch xmc c}xcveodbxokd kj Gcpy$ Bdh xmc ekvc xmc yivbximch bvksdh xmc ekvc xmc ibec sq poxm xmc kqqkyoxc$ Bx lcbyx xmvcc moyxkvobdy od xmc lbyx jcp cbvy eb fc xmks`mx xk mbzc sdpoxxod`l jvsyxvbxch xmc lbyx mkqc kj jodhod` bd Xmovh Vcoim kvhcv xk c}xcveodbxc xmc Gcpy$
MOYXKVOBDY JODH DK XMOVH VCOIM KVHCV JKV “C]XCVEODBXOD@― XMC GCPY7 Hv$ Gkmd Lsnbiy, pvoxcy> &Dk hkisecdx, dk pvoxxcd kv czcd yqkncd czohcdic ikddcixy Moxlcv hovcixl xk xmc Pbddycc hcioyokd$& -Xmc Lbyx Csvkqcbd Pbv -2?0:/, q$ 2:3/ Dkv hkcy mc bdpmcvc clyc ioxc bd ysim hkisecdx$ Bdh od jbix xmc Pbddycc Ikdjcvcdic, mclh Gbdsbv 61, 2?86, oxyclj hkcy dkx bx bll ikdxceqlbxc c}xcveodbxokd, fsx xmc hcqlkecdx kj &xmc Gcpy ibqbflc kj pkvn,& lonc vkbh%fsolhod`, od xmc Cbyx, fsx &Ox oy dkx odxcdhch xk czbisbxc Gcpy kzcv :3 cbvy kj b`c& dkv &Gcpy pmk bvc ycvoksy pbv%pksdhch ibycy bdh Gcpy poxm pbv Qb`c | 3:
hcikvbxokdy& ^qvcysebfl jvke Pkvlh Pbv OU$ -Rskxch jvke Hv$ B$V$ Fsxw, Xmc Mkb}, q$ 622%626/ By jkv xmc flkin%fsyxod` Mkb} kj xmc Xpcdxocxm Icdxsv, yk xmc Lky Bd`clcy Mcvblh, Gsdc 22, 2?00, vcqkvxy, ox &QVCYCDXY XMC EBYYBIVC KJ YO] EOLLOKD GCPY$$$-by/ B E_XM QCVQCXVBXCH F_ GCPY XK CLOIOX Y_EQBXM_& jkv b Qblcyxodc mkeclbdh$ Xmc lbxcyx xk jvsyxvbxc bll mkqc kj jodhod` b hkisecdx bsxmkvowod` xmc ebyybivc kj Gcpy oy Qvkjcyykv Hbzoh Ovzod`'y Moxlcv'y Pbv -Zonod` Qvcyy, D$_$ 2?00, ?6: qbxcy/$ Ovzod` pvoxcy ibxc`kvoibll7 &$$$xmc odikdxvkzcvxoflc czohcdic oy xmbx Moxlcv kvhcvch kd Dkzcefcv 91, 2?82, xmbx xmcvc pby xk fc 'DK LORSOHBXOKD' kj xmc Gcpy& -Moxlcv'y Pbv, Hbzoh Ovzod`, q$ }oz/ Bdh, od Kixkfcv, 2?89> &Moxlcv pby yxoll jkvfohhod` lorsohbxokdy$$$& -Moxlcv'y Pbv, Hbzoh Ovzod`, q$ }oz/
@BY IMBEFCVY7 Pmbx bfksx hcdod` xmc c}oyxcdic kj c}xcveodbxokd &`by imbefcvy;& Mcvc xkk, Ebcv ebncy b yxbvxlod` yxbxcecdx7 &Yksvicy jkv xmc yxsh kj xmc `by imbefcvy bvc bx kdic vbvc bdh sdvclobflc$& -Pm Hoh xmc Mcbzcdy Dkx Hbvncd; q$ 9:6/ Pmolc Ebcv fcloczcy xmbx ysim imbefcvy hoh c}oyx bx Bsyimpoxw, mc qkodx ksx xmbx7 &$$$ekyx kj pmbx oy ndkpd oy fbych kd xmc hcqkyoxokdy kj Dbwo kjjoiobly bdh c}cisxokdcvy bx qkyxpbv xvobly bdh kd xmc ecekv kj ysvzozkvy bdh fyxbdhcvy$ Xmoy xcyxoekd esyx fc yivccdch ibvcjsll, yodic ox ibd fc odjlscdich f ysfgcixozc jbixkvy kj `vcbx ikeqlc}ox$&
MÓCYY XCYXOEKD_7 Kdc c}beqlc kj xmoy eo`mx fc xmc xcyxoekd kj Vshklj Múcyy, bd YY kjjoicv pmk ycvzch by ikeebdhbdx kj Bsyimpoxw$ Od oxy Gsh`ecdx, xmc Dsvcefcv` Odxcvdbxokdbl Eoloxbv Xvofsdbl rskxch bx lcd`xm jvke moy xcyxoekd xk ysqqkvx oxy jodhod`y kj c}xcveodbxokd$ -OEX &flsc ycvocy,& Zkl$ 66, q$ 8=3> Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx 9=:=%QY-SYB%=2?/, od OEX &flsc ycvocy,& Zkl$ 99, qq$ 603%60?/ Ox oy dkp pcll cyxbfloymch xmbx Múcyy' ivsiobl xcyxoekd, by pcll by moy yk%ibllch &ikdjcyyokd& pmoim pby blyk ioxch f xmc Dsvcefcv` Xvofsdbl, bvc dkx kdl jblyc, fsx pcvc kfxbodch f fcbxod` xmc jkvecv ikeebdhbdx dcbvl xk hcbxm$ -Vsqcvx Fsxlcv, Lc`okdy kj Hcbxm -Cd`lbdh, 2?=9/, qq$ 693%690> I$ Moximcdy, Pmkyc Moyxkv oy ox;, Zbdox Jbov -Dcp _kvn/, Hcicefcv 2??9, q$ 220/ Múcyy'y pojc bdh imolhvcd pcvc blyk xmvcbxcdch poxm hcbxm bdh hcqkvxbxokd xk Yofcvob$ Od moy yxbxcecdx, pmoim pkslh dkx fc bheoyyoflc xkhb od bd Sdoxch Yxbxcy iksvx kj lbp, Múcyy ilboech xmc c}oyxcdic kj bd c}xcveodbxokd ibeq ibllch &Pklwcn$& Od jbix, dk ysim ibeq czcv c}oyxch$ Mc jsvxmcv ilboech xmbx hsvod` xmc xoec xmbx mc pby ikeebdhbdx kj Bsyimpoxw, xpk bdh b mblj eollokd qckqlc pcvc c}xcveodbxch xmcvc, bdh xmbx b jsvxmcv mblj eollokd hoch kj hoycbyc$ -V$ Jbsvoyykd, Mkp xmc Fvoxoym Kfxbodch xmc Ikdjcyyokd kj Vshklj Múyy, Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Podxcv 2?=:%=0, qq$ 9=?%819/ Xkhb dk vcqsxbflc moyxkvobd sqmklhy xmcyc jo`svcy$ Múcyy pby kfzoksyl pollod` xk yb bdxmod`, yo`d bdxmod` bdh hk bdxmod` xk yxkq xmc xkvxsvc, bdh xk xv xk ybzc moeyclj bdh moy jbeol$
JKVCDYOI ODZCYXO@BXOKDY Od moy 2?== fkkn, Qvkjcyykv Ebcv iblly jkv &c}ibzbxokdy bx xmc nollod` yoxcy bdh od xmcov oeechobxc cdzovkdy& xk hcxcveodc ekvc bfksx xmc `by imbefcvy$ Od jbix, ysim jkvcdyoi yxshocy mbzc fccd ebhc$ Xmc jovyx pby ikdhsixch od 2?== f Becvoibd c}cisxokd crsoqecdx ikdyslxbdx, Jvch B$ Lcsimxcv, Gv$ Mc ibvvoch ksx bd kd%yoxc jkvcdyoi c}beodbxokd kj xmc bllc`ch `by imbefcvy bx Bsyimpoxw, Fovncdbs bdh Ebghbdcn xk hcxcveodc oj xmc ikslh mbzc fccd sych xk noll qckqlc by ilboech$ Bjxcv b ibvcjsl yxsh kj xmc Qb`c | 30
bllc`ch nollod` jbioloxocy, Lcsimxcv ikdilshch xmbx xmc yoxcy pcvc dkx sych, bdh ikslh dkx mbzc fccd sych, by mkeoiohbl `by imbefcvy$ Jsvxmcvekvc, bd bdblyoy kj ybeqlcy xbncd f Lcsimxcv jvke xmc pblly bdh jlkkvy kj xmc bllc`ch `by imbefcvy ymkpch coxmcv dk kv eodsyislc xvbicy kj ibdohc ikeqksdh, jvke xmc bixozc od`vchocdx kj Wnlkd F, xmc qcyxoiohc bllc`chl sych xk esvhcv Gcpy bx Bsyimpoxw$ -B hcls}c choxokd kj Xmc Lcsimxcv Vcqkvx oy bzbolbflc jvke xmc Odyxoxsxc Jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Q$K$ Fk} 609?, Dcpqkvx Fcbim, Iblojkvdob ?6:3?, jkv (61$11, qlsy (6$11 ymoqqod`/ B ikdjohcdxobl jkvcdyoi c}beodbxokd -bdh ysfycrscdx vcqkvx/ ikeeoyyokdch f xmc Bsyimpoxw Yxbxc Esycse bdh ikdhsixch f Odyxoxsxc kj Jkvcdyoi Vcycbvim od Nvbnkp mby ikdjovech Lcsimxcv'y jodhod` xmbx eodoebl kv dk xvbicy kj ibdohc ikeqksdh ibd fc jksdh od xmc yoxcy bllc`ch xk mbzc fccd `by imbefcvy$ -Xmc ikeqlcxc xc}x kj xmoy vcqkvx pby qsfloymch od Cd`loym od Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Yseecv 2??2/ Xmc yo`dojoibdic kj xmoy oy czohcdx pmcd xmc vcyslxy kj xmc jkvcdyoi c}beodbxokd kj xmc bllc`ch mkeoiohbl `by imbefcvy bvc ikeqbvch poxm xmc vcyslxy kj xmc c}beodbxokd kj xmc Bsyimpoxw hoyodjcyxbxokd jbioloxocy, pmcvc Wnlkd F pby sych xk hclksyc ebxxvcyycy bdh ilkxmod`$ Pmcvcby dk kv kdl xvbic beksdxy kj ibdohc pcvc jksdh od xmc bllc`ch mkeoiohbl `by imbefcvy, ebyyozc xvbicy kj ibdohc pcvc jksdh od xmc pblly bdh jlkkv od xmc ibeq'y hoyodjcyxbxokd hclksyod` imbefcvy$ Bdkxmcv jkvcdyoi yxsh mby fccd ibvvoch ksx f @cvebd imceoyx @cvebv Vshklj$ Kd xmc fbyoy kj moy kd%yoxc c}beodbxokd bdh bdblyoy kj ybeqlcy, xmc icvxojoch imceoyx bdh hkixkvbl ibdhohbxc ikdilshch7 &Jkv imceoibl%xcimdoibl vcbykdy, xmc ilboech ebyy `byyod`y poxm mhvkibdoi bioh od xmc bllc`ch '`by imbefcvy' od Bsyimpoxw hoh dkx xbnc qlbic$$$Xmc ysqqkych jbioloxocy jkv ebyy nollod` od Bsyimpoxw bdh Fovncdbs pcvc dkx ysoxbflc jkv xmoy qsvqkyc$$$& -@$ Vshklj, @sxbimxcd üfcv hoc Flhsd` sdh Dbimpcoyfbvncox zkd Ibdohzcvfodhsd`cd od hcd &@bynbeecvd& zkd Bsyimpoxw -Lkdhkd7 2??9/$ Ycc7 Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vcozcp, Dkz$%Hci$ 2??9, qq$ 63%6:/ Jodbll, xmcvc oy xmc yxsh kj Bsyxvobd cd`odccv Pblxcv Lüjxl, b vcyqcixch c}qcvx poxdcyy od dsecvksy iksvx ibycy, bdh jkvecv qvcyohcdx kj Bsyxvob'y qvkjcyyokdbl byykiobxokd kj cd`odccvy$ Od b 2??6 vcqkvx mc ibllch xmc bllc`ch ebyy c}xcveodbxokd kj Gcpy od `by imbefcvy &xcimdoibll oeqkyyoflc$& -Xmc 'Lüjxl Vcqkvx', Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Podxcv 2??6%?9/
HOYIVCHOXCH QCVYQCIXOZC7 Yk gsyx pmbx ikdyxoxsxcy &Mklkibsyx hcdobl;& Xmkyc pmk bhzkibxc ivoeodbl qcvycisxokd kj &Mklkibsyx hcdocvy& ycce xk fc yxoll lozod` od xmc pkvlh kj 2?8: pmcvc xmc Blloch kjjoiobly kj xmc Dsvcefcv` Xvofsdbl mbzc gsyx qvkdksdich xmcov zcvhoix$ Fsx xmc Xvofsdbl'y jodhod`y ibd dk lkd`cv fc byysech xk fc zbloh$ Fcibsyc ox vcloch yk mcbzol kd ysim sdxvsyxpkvxm czohcdic by xmc Múcyy xcyxoekd, ykec kj oxy ekyx ivoxoibl jodhod`y bvc dkp hoyivchoxch$ Xmcvcjkvc, pc ibd ilcbvl ycc pm yk ebd yimklbvy ikdxodsc xk imbllcd`c xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv$ Ysim yimklbvy by Hv$ Bvxmsv Fsxw kj Dkvxmpcyxcvd Sdozcvyox, Qvkjcyykv Vkfcvx Jbsvoyykd kj xmc Sdozcvyox kj Lkd od Jvbdic bdh fcyx%ycllod` Fvoxoym moyxkvobd Hbzoh Ovzod`, mbzc fccd zo`kvksyl imbllcd`od` xmc pohcl%biicqxch c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$ Xmc hk dkx hoyqsxc xmc jbix xmbx lbv`c dsefcvy kj Gcpy pcvc hcqkvxch xk ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy bdh `mcxxky, kv xmbx ebd Gcpy hoch kv pcvc nollch hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv$ Vczoyokdoyx yimklbvy mbzc, mkpczcv, qvcycdxch ikdyohcvbflc czohcdic xk ymkp xmbx xmcvc pby dk @cvebd qvk`vbe xk c}xcveodbxc Csvkqc'y Gcpy bdh xmbx xmc cyxoebxc kj yo} eollokd Gcpoym pbvxoec hcbh oy bd ovvcyqkdyoflc c}b``cvbxokd$
Qb`c | 3=
By qvcycdxch bfkzc, xmc vczoyokdoyxy qkodx ksx xmbx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv mby imbd`ch rsoxc b lkx kzcv xmc cbvy$ Ebd c}xcveodbxokd ilboey xmbx pcvc kdic pohcl biicqxch mbzc fccd rsocxl hvkqqch od vcicdx cbvy$ Od cbvl 2??3, IDD rsocxl vcqkvxch, hsvod` kdc kj xmc ebd Gcpoym qvkqb`bdhb ibeqbo`dy, yxbxch xmbx kdl kdc eollokd Gcpy hoch od Bsyimpoxw, Fovncdbs bdh Ebghbdcn, xmodnod` dk kdc pkslh dkxoic xmc imbd`c od dsefcvy, bdh ekyx Becvoibdy hoh dkx$ Bx kdc xoec ox pby bllc`ch xmbx xmc @cvebdy `byych Gcpy bx Hbimbs, Fsimcdpblh bdh kxmcv ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy od @cvebd qvkqcv$ Fsx xmbx qbvx kj xmc c}xcveodbxokd yxkv qvkzch yk sdxcdbflc xmbx ox pby bfbdhkdch ekvc xmbd xpcdx cbvy b`k$ Dk ycvoksy moyxkvobd dkp ysqqkvxy xmc kdic ysqqkychl qvkzcd yxkv kj &c}xcveodbxokd ibeqy& od xmc xcvvoxkv kj xmc klh @cvebd Vcoim$ Czcd jbech &Dbwo msdxcv& Yoekd Pocycdxmbl pby jkvich xk bindkplch`c od 2?03 xmbx “XMCVC PCVC DK C]XCVEODBXOKD IBEQY KD @CVEBD YKOL$& -Fkkny * Fkknecd, Lkdhkd, Bqvol 2?03, q$ 3/ Od bhhoxokd, ekvc bdh ekvc yxvonod` czohcdic mby fccd qvcycdxch od vcicdx cbvy pmoim yoeql ibddkx fc vcikdiolch poxm xmc bllc`bxokdy kj ebyy c}xcveodbxokdy bx xmcyc ibeqy$ Jkv c}beqlc, hcxbolch bcvobl vcikddboyybdic qmkxk`vbqmy xbncd kj Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdbs kd yczcvbl vbdhke hby od 2?88 -hsvod` xmc mco`mx kj xmc bllc`ch c}xcveodbxokd qcvokh xmcvc/ pcvc ebhc qsfloi f xmc IOB od 2?0?$ Xmc ymkp dk xvbic kj xmc qolcy kj ikvqycy, yeknod` imoedcy bdh ebyycy kj Gcpy bpboxod` hcbxm, bll kj pmoim mbzc fccd bllc`ch bdh pkslh mbzc fccd ilcbvl zoyoflc oj Bsyimpoxw mbh odhcch fccd bd c}xcveodbxokd icdxcv$ Bx kdc xoec ox pby blyk ycvoksyl ilboech xmbx xmc @cvebdy c}xcveodbxch Gcpy poxm clcixvoiox bdh yxcbe, bdh xmbx xmc ebdsjbixsvch ykbq jvke Gcpoym ikvqycy$ Jkv c}beqlc, bx Dsvcefcv` xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy imbv`ch xmbx xmc @cvebdy nollch Gcpy bx Xvcflodnb, dkx od `by imbefcvy, by oy dkp ilboech, fsx f yxcbeod` xmce xk hcbxm od &yxcbe imbefcvy$& -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx QY%9922 -SYB%6?9/$ OEX &flsc ycvocy,& Zkl$ 96$ qq$ 239%23=> Oex$ Zkl$ 9$ qq$ 3::%3:=> DEX &`vccd ycvocy,& Zkl$ 3, qq$ 2299%2298/ Xmcyc fowbvvc yxkvocy mbzc blyk fccd rsocxl bfbdhkdch od vcicdx cbvy$
HOYCBYC ILBOECH EBD_ ODEBXCY7 Xmc Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd yxkv oy ysqcvjoiobll qlbsyoflc$ Czcvkdc mby yccd xmc mkvvojoi qmkxky kj hcbh bdh hod` odebxcy xbncd bx Fcv`cd%Fclycd, Dkvhmbsycd bdh kxmcv ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy pmcd xmc pcvc lofcvbxch f Fvoxoym bdh Becvoibd jkvicy od xmc jodbl pccny kj xmc pbv od Csvkqc$ Xmcyc qckqlc pcvc sdjkvxsdbxc zoixoey, dkx kj bd c}xcveodbxokd qvk`vbe, fsx kj hoycbyc bdh ebldsxvoxokd fvks`mx kd f xmc ikeqlcxc ikllbqyc kj @cvebd od xmc jodbl ekdxmy kj xmc pbv$ Odhcch, oj xmcvc mbh fccd bd c}xcveodbxokd qvk`vbe, xmc Gcpy jksdh f Blloch jkvicy bx xmc cdh kj xmc pbv pkslh mbzc lkd` yodic fccd nollch$ Od xmc jbic kj bhzbdiod` Ykzocx jkvicy, lbv`c dsefcvy kj Gcpy pcvc czbisbxch hsvod` xmc jodbl ekdxmy kj xmc pbv jvke cbyxcvd ibeqy bdh `mcxxky xk xmc vcebodod` ibeqy od pcyxcvd @cvebd$ Xmcyc ibeqy rsoinl fcibec xcvvofl kzcvivkphch, pmoim yczcvcl mbeqcvch cjjkvxy xk qvczcdx xmc yqvcbh kj cqohceoiy$ Jsvxmcvekvc, xmc fvcbnhkpd kj xmc @cvebd xvbdyqkvxbxokd yyxce, by b vcyslx kj xmc ibvqcx fkefod` kj xmc blloch jkvicy ebhc ox oeqkyyoflc xk ysqql bhcrsbxc jkkh bdh echoiodc xk xmc ibeqy$
IBQXSVCH @CVEBD HKISECDXY7 Bx xmc cdh kj xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, xmc Bllocy ikdjoyibxch b xvcecdhksy rsbdxox kj @cvebd hkisecdxy hcblod` poxm @cvebd'y pbvxoec Gcpoym qkloi, pmoim pby ykecxoecy kjjoiobll vcjcvvch xk by xmc &jodbl yklsxokd$& Fsx dkx b yod`lc @cvebd hkisecdx mby czcv fccd jksdh pmoim czcd vcjcvy xk bd c}xcveodbxokd qvk`vbe$ Xk xmc ikdxvbv, xmc hkisecdxy ilcbvl ymkp xmbx xmc @cvebd &jodbl yklsxokd& qkloi pby kdc kj CEO@VBXOKD BDH HCQKVXBXOKD, dkx c}xcveodbxokd$ Ikdyohcv, jkv c}beqlc, xmc ikdjohcdxobl @cvebd Jkvco`d Kjjoic ecekvbdhse kj Bs`syx 62, 2?86$ -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx D@%63=:%G$ DEX &`vccd ycvocy,& Zkl$ 29, qq$ 689%68?/ Qb`c | 3?
&Xmc qvcycdx pbv `ozcy @cvebd xmc kqqkvxsdox bdh blyk xmc hsx kj yklzod` xmc Gcpoym qvkflce od Csvkqc,& xmc ecekvbdhse dkxcy$ Xmc qkloi &xk qvkekxc xmc CZBISBXOKD KJ XMC GCPY -jvke Csvkqc/ od ilkycyx ikkqcvbxokd poxm xmc b`cdiocy kj xmc Vcoimyjümvcv YY ~Moeelcvu oy yxoll od jkvic$& Xmc ecek dkxch xmbx &xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy hcqkvxch od xmoy pb xk xmc Cbyx hoh dkx ysjjoic xk ikzcv xmc lbfkv dcchy$& Xmc hkisecdx rskxcy @cvebd Jkvco`d Eodoyxcv zkd Voffcdxvkq by ybod` xmbx, &bx xmc cdh kj xmoy pbv, bll Gcpy pkslh mbzc xk lcbzc Csvkqc$ Xmoy pby bd sdblxcvbflc hcioyokd kj xmc Jümvcv ~Moxlcvu bdh blyk xmc kdl pb xk ebyxcv xmoy qvkflce, by kdl b `lkfbl bdh ikeqvcmcdyozc yklsxokd ikslh fc bqqloch bdh odhozohsbl ecbysvcy pkslh dkx mclq zcv esim$& Xmc ecekvbdhse ikdilshcy f yxbxod` xmbx xmc, &hcqkvxbxokdy ~kj Gcpy xk xmc Cbyxu bvc b jsvxmcv yxcq kd xmc pb kj xmc xkxbl yklsxokd$$$Xmc hcqkvxbxokd xk xmc ~Qkloymu @cdcvbl @kzcvdecdx oy b xceqkvbv ecbysvc$ Xmc Gcpy poll fc ekzch kd jsvxmcv xk xmc kiisqoch ~Ykzocxu cbyxcvd xcvvoxkvocy by ykkd by xmc xcimdoibl ikdhoxokdy jkv ox bvc `ozcd$& Xmoy sdbefo`sksy hkisecdx, bdh kxmcvy lonc ox, bvc vksxodcl ysqqvcyych kv o`dkvch f xmkyc pmk sqmklh xmc Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$
SDVCLOBFLC XCYXOEKD_7 Mklkibsyx moyxkvobdy vcl mcbzol kd yk%ibllch &ysvzozkv xcyxoekd& xk ysqqkvx xmc c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$ Fsx ysim &czohcdic& oy dkxkvoksyl sdvclobflc$ By kdc Gcpoym moyxkvobd mby qkodxch ksx, &ekyx kj xmc ecekovy bdh vcqkvxy ~kj Mklkibsyx ysvzozkvyu bvc jsll kj qvcqkyxcvksy zcvfkyox, `vbqmkebdoi c}b``cvbxokd, hvbebxoi cjjcixy, kzcv cyxoebxch yclj%odjlbxokd, holcxxbdxc qmolkykqmowod`, pkslh%fc lvoioye, sdimcinch vsekvy, foby, qbvxoybd bxxbiny bdh bqklk`ocy$& -Ybescl @vod`bsw od Gcpoym Ykiobl Yxshocy -Dcp _kvn/, Gbdsbv 2?31, Zkl$ 26$ q$ :3/
MOXLCV BDH XMC “JODBL YKLSXOKD―7 Xmcvc oy dk hkisecdxbv czohcdic xmbx Bhklj Moxlcv czcv `bzc bd kvhcv xk c}xcveodbxc xmc Gcpy, kv xmbx mc ndcp kj bd c}xcveodbxokd qvk`vbe$ Odyxcbh, xmc vcikvh ymkpy xmbx xmc @cvebd lcbhcv pbdxch xmc Gcpy xk lcbzc Csvkqc, f ceo`vbxokd oj qkyyoflc bdh f hcqkvxbxokd oj dcicyybv$ B hkisecdx jksdh bjxcv xmc pbv od xmc jolcy kj xmc Vcoim Eodoyxv kj Gsyxoic vcikvhy moy xmodnod` kd xmc Gcpy$ Od xmc yqvod` kj 2?86, Yxbxc Ycivcxbv Jvbdw Yimlc`clfcv`cv dkxch od b ecekvbdhse xmbx Moxlcv'y Imocj kj Imbdicllcv, Hv$ Mbdy Lbeecvy, mbh odjkvech moe7 &Xmc Jümvcv mby vcqcbxchl hcilbvch xk moe ~Lbeecvyu xmbx mc pbdxy xk ycc xmc yklsxokd kj xmc Gcpoym qvkflce qkyxqkdch sdxol bjxcv xmc pbv oy kzcv$& -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx QY%8163$ Hbzoh Ovzod`, @kcvod`7 B Fok`vbqm -Dcp _kvn7 2?=?/, q$ 98?/ Bdh kd Gsl 68, 2?86, Moxlcv ceqmbyowch moy hcxcveodbxokd xk vcekzc bll Gcpy jvke Csvkqc BJXCV xmc pbv7 &Xmc Gcpy bvc odxcvcyxch od Csvkqc jkv cikdkeoi vcbykdy, fsx Csvkqc esyx vcgcix xmce, oj kdl ksx kj yclj%odxcvcyx, fcibsyc xmc Gcpy bvc vbiobll xks`mcv$ Bjxcv xmoy pbv oy kzcv, O poll vo`kvksyl mklh xk xmc zocp$$$xmbx xmc Gcpy POLL MBZC XK LCBZC BDH CEO@VBXC xk Ebhb`byibv kv ykec kxmcv Gcpoym dbxokdbl yxbxc$& -M$ Qoincv, Moxlcvy Xoyim`cyqvèimc od Jümvcvmbsqxrsbvxocv -Yxsxx`bvx7 2?0:/, q$ 83:/ Qb`c | :1
MOEELCV‟Y YY BDH XMC IBEQY7 Gcpy pcvc bd oeqkvxbdx qbvx kj @cvebd'y pbvxoec lbfkv jkvic, bdh ox pby od @cvebd'y odxcvcyx xk nccq xmce blozc$ Xmc mcbh kj xmc YY ibeq bheodoyxvbxokd kjjoic ycdx b hovcixozc hbxch Hcicefcv 6=, 2?86, xk czcv ikdicdxvbxokd ibeq, odilshod` Bsyimpoxw$ Ox ymbvql ivoxoiowch xmc mo`m hcbxm vbxc kj odebxcy hsc xk hoycbyc, bdh kvhcvch xmbx &ibeq qmyoiobdy esyx syc bll ecbdy bx xmcov hoyqkybl xk yo`dojoibdxl vchsic xmc hcbxm vbxc od xmc zbvoksy ibeqy$& Jsvxmcvekvc, ox kvhcvch7 &Xmc ibeq ikeebdhbdxy$$$Xmc ibeq hkixkvy bvc xk ycc xk ox xmbx xmc pkvnod` ikdhoxokdy bx xmc zbvoksy lbfkv qlbicy bvc oeqvkzch by esim by qkyyoflc$& Jodbll, xmc hovcixozc yxvcyych xmbx, &Xmc Vcoimyjümvcv YY ~Mcodvoim Moeelcvu mby kvhcvch xmbx xmc hcbxm vbxc bfyklsxcl esyx fc vchsich$& -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx QY%6202, Bddc} 6> DI*B &vch ycvocy,& Zkl$ 8, qq$ =99% =98/ Xmc mcbh kj xmc YY hcqbvxecdx xmbx ysqcvzoych xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy, Voimbvh @lüiny, ycdx b iovislbv lcxxcv xk cbim ibeq ikeebdhbdx hbxch Gbdsbv 61, 2?89$ Od ox mc kvhcvch7 &By O mbzc blvcbh qkodxch ksx, czcv ecbdy esyx fc sych xk lkpcv xmc hcbxm vbxc od xmc ibeq$& -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx DK%2369> DEX &`vccd ycvocy,& Zkl$ 3, qq$ 906%909/
KDC%YOHCH “MKLKIBSYXKEBDOB―7 “MKLKIBSYXKEBDOB―7 Czcd bjxcv ekvc xmbd jkvx cbvy, xmc yxvcbe kj Mklkibsyx joley bdh fkkny ymkpy dk yo`d kj hoeodoymod`$ Xmoy vclcdxlcyy echob ibeqbo`d, pmoim Gcpoym moyxkvobd Bljvch Lolcdxmbl iblly &Mklkibsyxkebdob,& qkvxvby xmc jbxc kj xmc Gcpy hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv by xmc icdxvbl czcdx kj moyxkv$ Xmcvc oy dk cdh xk xmc mcbz% mbdhch ekxokd qoixsvcy, xmc yoeqloyxoi xclczoyokd yqciobly, xmc zodhoixozc msdx jkv &Dbwo pbv ivoeodbly,& xmc kdc%yohch &chsibxokdbl iksvycy,& bdh xmc yclj%vo`mxcksy bqqcbvbdicy f qkloxoiobdy bdh iclcfvoxocy bx Mklkibsyx &ecekvobl ycvzoicy$& Fvoxbod'y imocj vbffo, Oeebdscl Gbnkfkzoxy, mby biisvbxcl hcyivofch xmc Mklkibsyx ibeqbo`d by, &bd cdxovc odhsyxv, poxm mbdhykec qvkjoxy jkv pvoxcvy, vcycbvimcvy, jole%ebncvy, ekdsecdx fsolhcvy, esycse qlbddcvy bdh czcd qkloxoiobdy$& Mc bhhch xmbx ykec vbffoy bdh xmcklk`obdy bvc &qbvxdcvy od xmoy fo` fsyodcyy$& -M$ Ymbqovk, Gbnkfkzoxy, Gcvsyblce Qkyx -Oyvbcl/, Dkzcefcv 6:, 2?=0, q$ 2/ Dkd%Gcpoym zoixoey gsyx hkd'x ecvox xmc ybec ikdicvd$ Jkv c}beqlc, xmcvc bvc dk Becvoibd ecekvobly, &yxsh icdxcvy,& kv bddsbl kfycvzbdicy jkv Yxblod'y zoixoey, pmk zbyxl ksxdsefcv Moxlcv'y$
PMK FCDCJOXY;7 Xmc qcvqcxsbl Mklkibsyx echob floxw oy vksxodcl sych xk gsyxoj cdkveksy Becvoibd ysqqkvx jkv Oyvbcl bdh xk c}isyc kxmcvpoyc odc}isybflc Oyvbclo qkloiocy, czcd pmcd xmc ikdjloix poxm Becvoibd odxcvcyxy$ Xmc ykqmoyxoibxch bdh pcll%jodbdich Mklkibsyx echob ibeqbo`d oy ivsiobll oeqkvxbdx xk xmc odxcvcyxy kj Oyvbcl, pmoim kpcy oxy c}oyxcdic xk Ebyyozc bddsbl ysfyohocy jvke Becvoibd xb}qbcvy$ By Qvkjcyykv P$H$ Vsfodyxcod kj Bsyxvblob mby ibdhohl bindkplch`ch7 &Oj xmc Mklkibsyx ibd fc ymkpd xk fc b 'Wokdoyx exm,' xmc yxvkd`cyx kj bll pcbqkdy od Oyvbcl'y qvkqb`bdhb bvekv ikllbqycy$& -Rsbhvbdx -Bsyxvblob/, Ycqxcefcv, 2?0?, q$ 60/ Gcpoym moyxkv xcbimcv Qbslb Mebd kj Iklsefob Sdozcvyox mby kfycvzch7 &Poxm vc`bvh xk Oyvbcl, xmc Mklkibsyx eb fc sych xk jkvcyxbll qkloxoibl ivoxoioye bdh ysqqvcyy hcfbxc> ox vcodjkvicy xmc ycdyc kj Gcpy by bd cxcvdbll fclcb`scvch qckqlc pmk ibd vcl jkv xmcov hcjcdyc kdl sqkd xmceyclzcy$ Xmc odzkibxokd kj xmc ysjjcvod` cdhsvch f xmc Gcpy sdhcv xmc Dbwoy kjxcd xbncy xmc qlbic kj vbxokdbl bv`secdx, bdh oy c}qcixch xk ikdzodic
Qb`c | :2
hksfxcvy kj xmc lc`oxoebi kj isvvcdx Oyvbclo `kzcvdecdx qkloi$& -Dcp _kvn Xoecy Eb`bwodc, Ycqxcefcv 28, 2?=1, q$ 0?/ Kdc ebgkv vcbykd xmbx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv mby qvkzcd yk hsvbflc oy xmbx xmc `kzcvdecdxy kj xmc ebgkv qkpcvy blyk mbzc b zcyxch odxcvcyx od ebodxbodod` ox$ Xmc zoixkvoksy qkpcvy kj xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy, xmc Ykzocx Sdokd bdh Fvoxbod, mbzc b yxbnc od qkvxvbod` xmc hcjcbxch Moxlcv vc`oec by dc`bxozcl by qkyyoflc$ Xmc ekvc czol bdh ybxbdoi xmc Moxlcv vc`oec bqqcbvy, xmc ekvc dkflc bdh gsyxojoch yccey xmc Blloch ibsyc$ Xmc Ykzocx Sdokd bdh xmc Gcpy blyk fcdcjox, fcibsyc xmc &Yo} Eollokd& MklkMKB] mohcy xmc eollokdy kj Imvoyxobdy esvhcvch f xmc Gcpy bjxcv xmc Fklymczon xbnckzcv kj Vsyyob od 2?20$ Jkv ebd Gcpy, xmc Mklkibsyx mby fcikec fkxm b jlksvoymod` fsyodcyy bdh b nodh kj dcp vclo`okd, by dkxch Gcpoym bsxmkv bdh dcpyqbqcv qsfloymcv Gbikf Xoecvebd qkodxy ksx od moy fkkn, &Xmc Lkd`cyx Pbv$& Mc vcqkvxy xmbx ebd Oyvbcloy, syod` xmc pkvh Ymkbm, pmoim oy Mcfvcp jkv Mklkibsyx, gknc xmbx &Xmcvc'y dk fsyodcyy lonc Ymkbm fsyodcyy$& -Xmc Lkd`cyx Pbv -Dcp _kvn7 Zodxb`c, 2?=6/, q$ 23/ Xmc Mklkibsyx echob ibeqbo`d qkvxvby Gcpy by xkxbll oddkicdx zoixoey, bdh dkd%Gcpy by ekvbll vcxbvhch bdh sdvclobflc fcod`y pmk ibd cbyol xsvd odxk esvhcvksy Dbwoy sdhcv xmc vo`mx ioviseyxbdicy$ Xmoy yclj%ycvzod` fsx hoyxkvxch qkvxvbbl `vcbxl yxvcd`xmcdy Gcpoym `vksq yklohbvox bdh yclj%bpbvcdcyy$ B nc lcyykd kj xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv jkv Gcpy oy xmbx dkd%Gcpy bvc dczcv ikeqlcxcl xvsyxpkvxm$ Oj b qckqlc by islxsvch bdh by chsibxch by xmc @cvebdy ikslh xsvd b`bodyx xmc Gcpy, yk xmc xmodnod` `kcy, xmbx ysvcl dk dkd%Gcpoym dbxokd ibd czcv fc ikeqlcxcl xvsyxch$ Xmc mklkibsyx ecyyb`c oy xmsy kdc kj ikdxceqx jkv msebdox$
MKLKIBSYX MBXCEKD@CVOD@7 Xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv oy ykecxoecy sych xk qvkekxc mbxvch bdh mkyxolox, qbvxoislbvl b`bodyx xmc @cvebd qckqlc by b pmklc, cbyxcvd Csvkqcbdy bdh xmc lcbhcvymoq kj xmc Vkebd Ibxmkloi imsvim$ Xmc pcll%ndkpd Gcpoym pvoxcv, Cloc Pocycl, oy b jkvecv Bsyimpoxw odebxc pmk ycvzch by imbovebd kj xmc kjjoiobl S$Y$ Mklkibsyx Ecekvobl Iksdiol$ Mc vcicozch xmc 2?=: Dkfcl Qcbic Qvowc$ Xmoy hchoibxch Wokdoyx pvkxc od moy fkkn, &Lc`cdhy kj Ksv Xoec&7 &Czcv Gcp, ykecpmcvc od moy fcod`, ymkslh ycx bqbvx b wkdc kj mbxc%mcblxm, zovolc mbxc%jkv pmbx xmc @cvebd qcvykdojocy bdh jkv pmbx qcvyoyxy od xmc @cvebd$& -Lc`cdhy kj Ksv Xoec -Dcp _kvn7 Yimkincd Fkkny, 2?=6/, imbq$ 26$ q$ 286/ Oj b dkd%Gcp pcvc xk pvoxc ysim b xmod` bfksx xmc Gcpy, kdc pkslh fc bflc xk mcbv xmce yivcbe jvke xmc cbvxm xk xmc jsvxmcyx vcbimcy kj xmc sdozcvyc, bdh xmcov qvkqb`bdhb bve, xmc ebyy echob od Becvoib pkslh joll xmc pkvlh poxm msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj qb`cy kj bdxo% Yceoxoi mbxc ekd`cvod`$ Moxlcv'y Gcpoym Yklhocvy % Qcvmbqy 231,111 Gcpy Jks`mx Zblobdxl Xmc Sdxklh Yxkv kj Dbwo Vbiobl Lbpy bdh Ecd kj Gcpoym Hcyicdx od xmc @cvebd Eoloxbv F Fvbd Ebvn Vo`` 6%20%16 Eb 6116 8?: qb`cy, ?3 qmkxk`vbqmy, : } ? Ekhcvd Pbv Yxshocy Ilkxm OYFD 1%011:%220=%?, (6?$?3 Xk fc jcbxsvch kd DFI%XZ'y Hbxclodc od Gsdc 6116 Kd xmc esvhcvksy vkbh xk &vbiobl qsvox& Moxlcv cdiksdxcvch sdc}qcixch hcxksvy, lbv`cl hsc xk moy kpd ivbwch zocpy bdh odikdyoyxcdx qkloiocy vc`bvhod` Gcpoym ohcdxox$ Bjxcv icdxsvocy kj Gcpoym byyoeolbxokd bdh odxcvebvvob`c od @cvebd ykiocx, mc hoyikzcvch xmbx cloeodbxod` Gcpy jvke xmc vcyx kj xmc qkqslbxokd pby ekvc hojjoislx xmbd mc'h bdxoioqbxch$ Qb`c | :6
By Fvbd Ebvn Vo`` ymkpy od xmoy qvkzkibxozc dcp yxsh, dkpmcvc pby xmbx mcodksy qvkicyy ekvc jvbs`mx poxm ikdxvbhoixokd bdh ikdjsyokd xmbd od xmc @cvebd eoloxbv$ Ikdxvbv xk ikdzcdxokdbl zocpy, Vo`` vczcbly xmbx b yxbvxlod`l lbv`c dsefcv kj @cvebd eoloxbv ecd pcvc ilbyyojoch f xmc Dbwoy by Gcpy kv &qbvxobl%Gcpy& -Eoyimlod`c/, od xmc pbnc kj vbiobl lbpy jovyx cdbixch od xmc eoh%2?91y$ Vo`` hcekdyxvbxcy xmbx xmc bixsbl dsefcv pby esim mo`mcv xmbd qvczoksyl xmks`mx> qcvmbqy by ebd by 231,111 ecd, odilshod` hcikvbxch zcxcvbdy bdh mo`m% vbdnod` kjjoicvy, czcd `cdcvbly bdh bheovbly$ By Vo`` jsll hkisecdxy jkv xmc jovyx xoec, b `vcbx ebd kj xmcyc ecd hoh dkx czcd ikdyohcv xmceyclzcy Gcpoym bdh mbh cefvbich xmc eoloxbv by b pb kj lojc bdh by hczkxch qbxvokxy cb`cv xk ycvzc b vczozch @cvebd dbxokd$ Od xsvd, xmc mbh fccd cefvbich f xmc Pcmvebimx, pmoim qvokv xk Moxlcv mbh `ozcd loxxlc xmks`mx xk xmc &vbic& kj xmcyc ecd fsx pmoim pby dkp jkvich xk lkkn hccql odxk xmc bdicyxv kj oxy yklhocvy$ Xmc qvkicyy kj odzcyxo`bxokd bdh vcekzbl, mkpczcv, pby ebvvch f b mo`ml odikdyoyxcdx bqqloibxokd kj Dbwo lbp$ Dsecvksy &c}ceqxokdy& pcvc ebhc od kvhcv xk bllkp b yklhocv xk yxb poxmod xmc vbdny kv xk yqbvc b yklhocv'y qbvcdx, yqksyc, kv kxmcv vclbxozc jvke odibvicvbxokd kv jbv pkvyc$ -Moxlcv'y kpd yo`dbxsvc ibd fc jksdh kd ebd kj xmcyc &c}ceqxokd& kvhcvy$/ Fsx by xmc pbv hvb``ch kd, Dbwo qkloxoiy ibec xk xvseq eoloxbv lk`oi, czcd od xmc jbic kj xmc Pcmvebimx'y `vkpod` ebdqkpcv dcchy, ilkyod` lc`bl lkkqmklcy bdh ebnod` ox zovxsbll oeqkyyoflc jkv xmcyc yklhocvy xk cyibqc xmc jbxc kj eollokdy kj kxmcv zoixoey kj xmc Xmovh Vcoim$ Fbych kd b hccq bdh pohc%vbd`od` vcycbvim od bvimozbl bdh ycikdhbv yksvicy, by pcll by c}xcdyozc odxcvzocpy poxm ekvc xmbd jksv msdhvch Eoyimlod`c bdh xmcov vclbxozcy, Vo``'y yxsh fvcbny xvsl dcp `vksdh od b ivkphch joclh bdh ymkpy jvke cx bdkxmcv bd`lc xmc c}xvcecl jlbpch, hoymkdcyx, hcecbdod`, bdh xvb`oi cyycdic kj Moxlcv'y vslc$ Yohc bdh jvkdx qmkxk`vbqmy kj &mblj%Gcp& Bdxkd Ebcv, yoeolbv xk xmkyc xmbx kjxcd biikeqbdoch b Eoyimlod`'y bqqloibxokd jkv c}ceqxokd$ Xk ycc ekvc qmkxk`vbqmy jvke xmc fkkn, &Xmvks`m zohckxbqch odxcvzocpy, qbodyxbnod` bxxcdxokd xk qcvykddcl jolcy, bdh fbdbl hkisecdxy dkx dkvebll ikdyslxch f moyxkvobdy, bdh yqsvvch f b nccd ycdyc kj qcvykdbl eoyyokd, Vo`` mby xsvdch sq bd sdc}qlkvch bdh ikdjksdhod` imbqxcv od xmc moyxkv kj xmc Mklkibsyx$ Xmc c}xcdx kj moy jodhod`y mby ysvqvoych yimklbvy$& -Pbvvcd Mk`c, Dcp _kvn Xoecy / &Xmc vczclbxokd xmbx @cvebdy kj Gcpoym flkkh, ndkpod` xmc Dbwo vc`oec jkv pmbx ox pby, ycvzch Moxlcv by sdojkvech ecefcvy kj moy bvech jkvicy esyx ikec by b qvkjksdh ymkin$ Ox poll ysvqvoyc czcd qvkjcyyokdbl moyxkvobdy kj xmc Dbwo cbvy$& -Gkmd Ncc`bd, bsxmkv kj Xmc Jbic kj Fbxxlc bdh Xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv/ &Yxbvxlod` bdh sdc}qcixch, Vo``'y yxsh ikdilsyozcl hcekdyxvbxcy xmc hc`vcc kj jlc}ofolox od @cvebd qkloi xkpbvh xmc Eoyimlod`c, xmc c}xcdx kj Moxlcv'y odzklzcecdx, bdh, ekyx oeqkvxbdxl, xmbx dkx bll pmk ycvzch od xmc bvech jkvicy pcvc bdxo%Yceoxoi, czcd by xmcov ycvzoic bohch xmc nollod` qvkicyy$& -Eoimbcl Fcvcdfbse, bsxmkv kj Xmc Pkvlh Esyx Ndkp7 Xmc Moyxkv kj xmc Mklkibsyx/ &Vo``'y c}xcdyozc ndkplch`c bdh xmc qvcloeodbv ikdilsyokdy hvbpd jvke moy vcycbvim oeqvcyych ec `vcbxl$ O jovel fcloczc xmbx moy od%hcqxm xvcbxecdx kj xmc ysfgcix kj @cvebd yklhocvy kj Gcpoym hcyicdx od xmc Pcmvebimx poll lcbh xk dcp qcvyqcixozcy kd xmoy qkvxokd kj 61xm icdxsv @cvebd eoloxbv moyxkv$& -Mclesx Yimeohx, Jkvecv Imbdicllkv kj @cvebd/
Qb`c | :9
&Bd oeqvcyyozcl vcycbvimch pkvn poxm oeqkvxbdx oeqloibxokdy jkv mkxl hcfbxch rscyxokdy$ Vo`` xclly ykec c}rsoyoxcl qko`dbdx yxkvocy kj odhozohsbl msebd c}qcvocdicy xmbx ikeqloibxc ksv qoixsvc kj yxbxc bdh ykiocx od xmc Xmovh Vcoim$& -Dbxmbd B$ Yxklxwjsy, Jlkvohb Yxbxc Sdozcvyox, bsxmkv kj Vcyoyxbdic kj xmc Mcbvx7 Odxcvebvvob`c bdh xmc Vkycdyxvbyyc Qvkxcyx od Dbwo @cvebd/ &Bd oeqvcyyozc pkvn jollch poxm odxcvcyxod` yxkvocy$$$F mclqod` sy fcxxcv sdhcvyxbdh Dbwo vbiobl qkloi bx xmc ebv`ody> o$c$, oxy oeqbix kd icvxbod ecefcvy kj xmc @cvebd eoloxbv%%Vo``'y yxsh ilbvojocy xmc icdxvbl qvkflcey kj Dbwo Gcpoym qkloiocy kzcvbll$& -Dkvebd Dboebvn, Yxbdjkvh Sdozcvyox, bsxmkv kj Jovcy kj Mbxvch7 Cxmdoi Ilcbdyod` od Xpcdxocxm%Icdxsv Csvkqc/ &Bd ollseodbxod` bdh qvkzkibxozc yxsh xmbx ecvoxy b pohc vcbhcvymoq bdh oy ysvc xk fc esim hoyisyych$& -Hcddoy C$ Ymkpblxcv, Iklkvbhk Ikllc`c, bsxmkv kj Xbddcdfcv`7 Ilbym kj Ceqovcy/ “Bd ksxyxbdhod` gkf kj vcycbvim bdh bdblyoy$ Vo``'y fkkn poll bhh b `vcbx hcbl xk ksv sdhcvyxbdhod` kj xmc @cvebd eoloxbv, kj xmc qlbic kj Gcpy bdh qckqlc kj Gcpoym hcyicdx od xmc Dbwo yxbxc, bdh kj xmc Mklkibsyx$ Ox jkvicy sy xk hcbl poxm xmc jsll, ikeqlc} vbd`c kj qkyyoflc bixokdy bdh vcbixokdy f odhozohsbly ibs`mx sq od xmc Dbwo yyxce$& -@ckjjvc Q$ Ec`bv`cc, bsxmkv kj Odyohc Moxlcv'y Mo`m Ikeebdh/ &Poxm xmc ynoll kj b ebyxcv hcxcixozc, Fvbd Vo`` vczcbly xmc ysvqvoyod` bdh lbv`cl sdndkpd yxkv kj @cvebdy kj Gcpoym kvo`ody od xmc Dbwo eoloxbv$ Moy pkvn ikdxvofsxcy xk ksv sdhcvyxbdhod` kj xmc ikeqlc}ox kj jboxm bdh ohcdxox od xmc Xmovh Vcoim$& -Qbslb C$ Mebd, _blc Sdozcvyox, bsxmkv kj @cdhcv bdh Byyoeolbxokd od Ekhcvd Gcpoym Moyxkv bdh Xmc Gcpy kj Ekhcvd Jvbdic/ &B ebgkv qocic kj yimklbvymoq pmoim xvbicy xmc qcislobv xpoyxy bdh xsvdy kj Dbwo vbiobl qkloi xkpbvh ecd od xmc Pcmvebimx, kjxcd od xmc mo`mcyx vbdny, pmk mbh qbvxl Gcpoym fbin`vksdhy$ Vo`` mby sdikzcvch qcvykdbl yxkvocy bdh qvozbxc bvimozcy pmoim loxcvbll dkfkh ndcp c}oyxch$ Moy fkkn poll fc bd oeqkvxbdx oeqkvxbdx ikdxvofsxokd xk @cvebd moyxkv$& -Gkdbxmbd Yxcodfcv`, Sdozcvyox kj Qcddylzbdob, bsxmkv kj Bll kv Dkxmod`7 Xmc B}oy bdh xmc Mklkibsyx 2?82%2?89/ &Bd kvo`odbl, `vksdhfvcbnod`, bdh yo`dojoibdx ikdxvofsxokd xk xmc moyxkv kj xmc Pcmvebimx bdh Dbwo @cvebd$& -Gbecy Y$ Ikvse, Yimkkl kj Bhzbdich Bov Qkpcv Yxshocy, bsxmkv kj Xmc Vkkxy kj Floxwnvoc` bdh Xmc Lsjxpbjjc/ &Vo``'y pkvn mby hoyikzcvch dcp bibhceoi xcvvoxkv$& -Ebdjvch Ecyycvyimeohx, Jvcofsv` Sdozcvyox, bsxmkv kj Hoc Pcmvebimx oe DY%Yxbbx -Xmc Pcmvebimx od xmc Dbwo Yxbxc/ FV_BD EBVN VO@@ vcicozch moy F$B$ poxm mkdkvy od moyxkv jvke _blc Sdozcvyox od 2??:$ _blc bpbvhch moe xmc Mcdv Jcllkpymoq jkv `vbhsbxc yxsh bx Ibefvoh`c Sdozcvyox, pmcvc mc vcicozch moy E$B$ od 2??0 bdh Qm$H$ od 6116$ Isvvcdxl Qvkjcyykv kj Moyxkv bx Becvoibd Eoloxbv Sdozcvyox, mc mby ycvzch by b zklsdxccv od xmc Oyvbclo Bve bdh by bd kjjoicv od xmc S$Y$ Ebvodc Ikvqy$ Moy vcycbvim jkv xmoy fkkn mby fccd jcbxsvch od xmc Dcp _kvn Xoecy, Lky Bd`clcy Xoecy, bdh Lkdhkd Hbol Xclc`vbqm$ Xmc xmksybdhy kj qb`cy kj hkisecdxy bdh kvbl xcyxoekdocy -=ee bdh ZMY zohck/ xmc bsxmkv ikllcixch jkv xmoy yxsh mbzc fccd qsvimbych f xmc Dbxokdbl Eoloxbv Bvimozc kj @cvebd$ Xmc Fvbd Ebvn Vo`` Ikllcixokd oy mksych od xmc Fsdhcybvimoz%Eoloxvbvimoz od Jvcofsv`, @cvebd$ Iloin mcvc xk lcbvd ekvc bfksx xmc bsxmkv bdh moy vcycbvim c}qcvocdicy$ Qb`c | :8
mxxq7++ppp$nbdybyqvcyy$ns$chs+vo`mox$mxel Od xmc jkllkpod` rskxc pc fc`od xk sdhcvyxbdh xmoy &Gcpoym& ohcb kj xmcov &`kh& b loxxlc fcxxcv by ox oy bqqloch ekvc hovcixl xk xkhb7 &Xmc Gcpoym qckqlc by b pmklc poll fc oxy kpd Ecyyobm$ Ox poll bxxbod pkvlh hkeodokd f xmc hoyyklsxokd kj kxmcv vbicy, f xmc bfkloxokd kj jvkdxocvy, xmc bddomolbxokd kj ekdbvim, bdh f xmc cyxbfloymecdx kj b pkvlh vcqsfloi od pmoim xmc Gcpy poll czcvpmcvc c}cvioyc xmc qvozolc`c kj ioxowcdymoq$ Od xmoy dcp pkvlh kvhcv xmc imolhvcd kj Oyvbcl poll jsvdoym bll xmc lcbhcvy poxmksx cdiksdxcvod` kqqkyoxokd$ Xmc @kzcvdecdxy kj xmc hojjcvcdx qckqlcy jkveod` xmc pkvlh vcqsfloi poll jbll poxmksx hojjoislx odxk xmc mbdhy kj xmc Gcpy$ Ox poll xmcd fc qkyyoflc jkv xmc Gcpoym vslcvy xk bfkloym qvozbxc qvkqcvx, bdh czcvpmcvc xk ebnc syc kj xmc vcyksvicy kj xmc yxbxc$ Xmsy poll xmc qvkeoyc kj xmc Xblesh fc jsljollch, od pmoim oy yboh xmbx pmcd xmc Ecyyobdoi xoec oy ikec, xmc Gcpy poll mbzc bll xmc qvkqcvx kj xmc pmklc pkvlh od xmcov mbdhy$& -Fbvsim Lcz, Lcxxcv xk Nbvl Ebv}, 'Lb Vczsc hc Qbvoy', q$ 308, Gsdc 2, 2?6=/ Oyd'x xmc &Gcpoym& `kh xmc @kh kj xmc Klh Xcyxbecdx; Oyd'x xmoy pm pc vcjcv xk xmc qkqslbv fclocj od Imvoyx by xmc &Gshck&%Imvoyxobd vclo`okd; Vbffo Fcd Wokd Fknycv pvkxc od &Gshboye bdh xmc Imvoyxobd Qvchoibecdx& -Dcp _kvn7 Bljvch B$ Ndkqj, 2?:0/ q$ 3?7 &Xmoy oy dkx bd sdikeekd oeqvcyyokd bdh kdc jodhy ox ykecxoecy bekd` Gcpy by pcll by Imvoyxobdy % xmbx Gshboye oy xmc vclo`okd kj xmc Mcfvcp Foflc$ Ox oy, kj iksvyc, b jbllbioksy oeqvcyyokd$$$Gshboye oy dkx xmc vclo`okd kj xmc Foflc$& YMKVX LOYX KJ MKLKIK(X BFYSVHOXOCY -bdkdeksy/ Ð Ebyy `vbzcy c}qcllod` `cycvy kj flkkh> ^2U Ð Bioh kv fkolod`%pbxcv fbxmy xk qvkhsic msebd ynclcxkdy> ^6U Ð Odgcixokdy odxk xmc ccy kj odebxcy xk imbd`c xmcov cc iklkv> ^9U Ð Qvkhsixokd kj ymvsdncd mcbhy jvke fkhocy kj odebxcy> ^8U Ð Ynoeeod` kjj fkolod` msebd jbx jvke kqcd%bov ivcebxokd jovcy> ^3U Ð Ksx kj qox jkv ikeqlcxc yxvbd`cvy % b Gcpoym ekxmcv bdh mcv imolh % bd YY%ebd zklsdxbvol lcbqy odxk xmc `by imbefcv bx xmc lbyx ycikdh xk hoc poxm xmce> ^:U Ð Ykbq qvkhsixokd jvke msebd jbx, yklced fsvobl kj ykbq> ^0U Ð Sdhcv`vksdh ebyy c}xcveodbxokd od cdkveksy vkkey f ecbdy kj mo`m zklxb`c clcixvoiox> ^=U Ð Nollod` od zbisse imbefcv kv poxm yxcbe kv imlkvodc `by> ^?U Ð Ebyy `vbzcy poxm poxm msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj fkhocy, vcekzch poxmksx b xvbic poxmod b jcp pccny> b xvsc eovbilc kj oeqvkzoybxokd kd xmc qbvx kj xmc @cvebdy> @cvebdy> ^21U Ð @by imbefcvy kd pmccly od Xvcflodnb, pmoim hseqch xmcov zoixoey hovcixl odxk fsvdod` qoxy> hclbch%bixokd qkoykd `by xmbx bllkpch xmc zoixoey xk lcbzc xmc `by imbefcvy bdh pbln xk xmc ebyy `vbzcy f xmceyclzcy> ^22U Ð Clcixvoibl ikdzckv%fclx c}cisxokdy> ^26U Qb`c | :3
Ð Ivcebxokd kj fkhocy od flbyx jsvdbicy> ^29U Ð YY foiilc vbicy od xmc `by imbefcv kj Fovncdbs> ^28U Ð Vcekzbl kj ikvqycy f flbyxod`, o$c$, flkpod` xmce sq> ^23U Ð Flsc mbwc bjxcv `byyod` poxm mhvkibdoi bioh -pmoim oy iklkvlcyy/> ^2:U Ð Yod`od` kj dbxokdbl bdxmcey bdh xmc Odxcvdbxokdblc f xmc zoixoey od xmc `by imbefcv> czohcdic kj bxvkiox qvkqb`bdhb kj Ikeesdoyx kvo`od> ^20U Ð Vbqoh%ikdyxvsixokd Vbqoh%ikdyxvsixok d qkvxbflc `by imbefcv ymchy> ^2=U Ð Nollod` f hvodnod` b `lbyy kj lorsoh mhvkibdoi bioh> ^2?U Ð Esyilcy isx jvke xmc lc`y kj c}cisxch odebxcy ikdxvbix yk yxvkd`l xmbx ox ebncy xmc fsincxy gseq bfksx> ^61U Ð Odxvkhsixokd kj Wnlkd `by odxk xmc `by imbefcvy kj Bsyimpoxw xmvks`m ymkpcv mcbhy kv jvke yxccl fkxxlcy> ^62U Ð Ebdsjbixsvc kj ybsyb`cy kj msebd jlcym f xmc YY od xmc ivcebxkvob> ^66U Ð Eseeojoch msebd xmsefy sych by lo`mx ypoximcy od xmc mkec kj Olyc Nkim, pojc kj ikdicdxvbxkod ibeq ikeebdhcv Nkim -Fsimcdpblh/> ^69U %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ^2U B$ Vüincvl, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 282/, q$ 609j$> C$ C$ Pocycl, Qbvklcy Qbvklcy h' Cxvbd`cv, Choxokd Choxokd hs Ycsol, Qbvoy 2?=6, q$ =:> B$ Coimebdd, od7 M$ Bvcdhx, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 20?/, q$ 2=8> F$ Dbsebdd, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 286/, q$ 628$ ^6U J$ Eüllcv, od7 M$ Lbd`fcod, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 232/, z$ 2, q$ =0> poxdcyy Pclly od xmc Coimebdd Xvobl, od7 J$ G$ Yimcohl, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 08/, z$ 8, q$ 69:$ ^9U
M$ Lbd`fcod, Ecdyimcd od Bsyimpoxw, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 236/, qq$ 9=9j$
^8U
M$ Lbd`fcod, ofoh$, q$ 9=2$
^3U V$ MúÛ, od7 E$ Fvkywbx -ch$/, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 02/, q$ 291> M$ Xbsfcv, od7 G$%I$ Qvcyybi, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 20/, qq$ 8=?j$> J$ Eüllcv, Ykdhcvfcmbdhlsd`, Yxcodmbsycd, Esdoim 2?0?, qq$ 610j$, 620jj$> M$ Lbd`fcod, Ecdyimcd od Bsyimpoxw, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 236/, q$ 28=> F$ Dbsebdd, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 286/, qq$ 21, 998j$, 889> Y$ Yxcodfcv`, biikvhod` xk7 Jvbdwúyoyimcy Füvk hcy Odjkvebxokdyhocdyxcy üfcv Nvoc`yzcvfvcimcd -ch$/, Nkdwcdxvbxokdylb`cv Hknsecdx 962, Vcqvodx 6112, Jvbdnjsvx+Ebod 2??9, q$ 61:> bdh ebd ekvc$ ^:U
C$ Fkdmkcjjcv, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 629/, qq$ 8=j$
^0U Y$ Pocycdxmbl, Hcv dcsc Pc` Pc` -Zocddb/, 23+2: * 20+2=, 2?8:> xmc Ykzocxy pbdxch pbdxch xk ebnc xmoy kdc kj xmc imbv`cy bx xmc OEX -C}mofox SYYV%9?9/, fsx xmoy qlbd jbolch hsc xk xmc kxmcv Bllocy> ij$ M$ Mèvxlc, Jvcoyqvsim jüv Hcsxyimlbdh, Yimüxw, @úxxod`cd 2?:3, qq$ 26:jj$> xmc @vccdpkkh Icecxcv od Bxlbdxb -@ckv`ob, SYB/ oy dkx xmc kdl yoxc xk fkbyx b Mklkibsyx%ecekvobl `vbzcyxkdc jkv 8 fbvy kj &Gcpoym ykbq&$ Ij$ blyk xmc jkllkpod` ikvvcixokdy7 V$ Mbvpkkh, H$ Jclhcvcv, GMV 2-6/ -2?=1/ qq$ 292%29?> E$ Pcfcv, GMV 22-6/ -2??2/ qq$ 620%660$ ^=U Byohc jvke I$ Ebxxk`dk, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 99?/, ij$ cyq$ Y$ Ywcdhc, Hcv Hcv lcxwxc Gshc bsy Qklcd, Csvkqb%Zcvlb`, Wüvoim 2?83> Y$ Pocycdxmbl, Hcv dcsc Pc` -Zocddb/, 2?+61, 2?8:$ Qb`c | ::
^?U Byohc jvke I$ Ebxxk`dk, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 99?/, ij$ cyq$ P$ P$ @vkyyebdd, Hoc Múllc zkd Xvcflodnb, Zcvlb` jüv jvcehyqvbimo`c Loxcvbxsv, Ekyikp 2?80> Xmc Flbin Fkkn kj Qkloym Gcpv, Vk Qsfloymcvy, Dcp _kvn 2?89$ ^21U Byohc jvke dkxc 98?, ij$ blyk P$ P$ Fcdw, Hoecdyokd hcy Zúlncvekvhy, Klhcdfksv`, Esdoim 2??2> qq$ 961, 8:?, 80?, 8=?, 390jj$ ^22U Vcqkvxy kj xmc Qkloym sdhcv`vksdh ekzcecdx, Bvimoz hcv Qkldoyimcd Zcvcodo`xcd Bvfcoxcvqbvxco, 616+OOO, z$ 0, qq$ 261j$, rskxch od7 Q$ Lkd`cvoim, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 602/, q$ 89=$ ^26U Qvbzhb, Jcf$ 6, 2?83, ij$ S$ Pblcdh, Moyxkvoyimc Xbxybimcd Dk$ 927 &Hoc Fcjvcosd` zkd Bsyimpoxw 2?83&, Zcvlb` jüv Zklnyxse sdh Wcox`cyimoimxyjkvyimsd`, Zlkxmk 2?=0, q$ 8$ ^29U M$ zkd Eklxnc, Fvocjc bd Jvcb 2?9?%2?83, Fcin, Esdoim 2?==, q$ 861> ij$ Q$ Lkd`cvoim -ch$/, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 602/, q$ 893> Qvbzhb, Jcf$ 6, 2?83$ ^28U Düvdfcv`cv Dbimvoimxcd, Ycqx$ 22, 2?0=, vcqkvxch ccpoxdcyy xcyxoekd od gsv iksvx xvobl, Byimbjjcdfsv`, @cvebd$ ^23U V$ MúÛ, MúÛ, od7 E$ Fvkywbx -ch$/, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 02/, qq$ 2:2j$> B$ Vüincvl, DY%Qvkwcyyc, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 260/, q$ 0=> M$ @vbfoxw, DY%Qvkwcyyc$, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 2?2/, q$ 6=$ ^2:U
V$ Fúin, Jvbdnjsvx Jvbdnjsvx Qsfloi Qvkycisxkv'y Kjjoic, Vcj$ 8 Gy 888+3?, qq$ :==2j$
^20U M$ @$ Bhlcv, M$ M$ Lbd`fcod, C$ Lod`cdy%Vcodcv -chy$/, Bsyimpoxw %Wcs`doyyc sdh Fcvoimxc, Csvkqèoyimc Zcvlb`ybdyxblx, Iklk`dc 2?=8, q$ 0:$ ^2=U
V$ Byimcdbscv -ch$/, Oim, Bhklj Coimebdd, Hvsjjcl, Lckdo Lckdo 2?=1, qq$ 20?j$
^2?U Zcvhoix kj xmc Mbddkzcv Hoyxvoix Iksvx, Vcj$ 6 Ny 2+:1> ij$ M$ Loimxcdyxcod, kq$ iox$ -dkxc =8/, q$ =9$ ^61U
J$ Eüllcv, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 983/, q$ 08$
^62U E$ Yimcinxcv bdh b vcqkvx kj Gsdc 8, 2?83, pvoxxcd f bd kjjoicv kj xmc 6dh Bvekvch Hozoyokd, vcjcvvod` xk Bsyimpoxw> Jvbdwúyoyimcy Füvk hcy Odjkvebxokdyhocdyxcy üfcv Nvoc`yzcvfvcimcd -ch$/, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 983/, q$ 2=8$ ^66U
Hbzoh Qvcyybi, od G$%I$ Qvcyybi, kq$ iox$ -dkxc 20/, q$ 338, jksvxm iklsed, lodcy 20%66$
^69U
Nsvx @lbyy, Dcp _kvn Xoecy, Bqvol 21, 2??3$
[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ mxxq7++ppp$oyvbclcix$ike+vcjcvcdic+PollocEbvxod+MKLKMKB]$mxe
Qb`c | :0
Oy xmc Mklkibsyx b Mkb}; Poxmod jozc eodsxcy, bd odxcllo`cdx, kqcd%eodhch qcvykd ibd fc ikdzodich xmbx xmc Mklkibsyx `byyod`y kj Pkvlh Pbv OO bvc b qvkjoxbflc mkb}$ Jvch B$ Lcsimxcv oy Becvoib'y lcbhod` yqciobloyx kd xmc hcyo`d bdh jbfvoibxokd kj c}cisxokd crsoqecdx, odilshod` mkeoiohbl `by imbefcvy$ Od 2?==, Lcsimxcv yivbqch ybeqlcy jvke xmc bllc`ch `by imbefcv pblly od Bsyimpoxw, Fovncdbs bdh Lsflod$ Ibdohc vcyohsc pkslh fc ilcbvl czohcdx kd bll xmcyc pblly oj `byyod`y hoh kiisv$ Xk moy byxkdoymecdx, Lcsimxcv jksdh dk yo`dojoibdx ibdohc xvbicy od bd kdc kj xmcyc vkkey$ Od 2??2, xmc Qkloym `kzcvdecdx vcqcbxch xmcyc xcyxy xk hoyqvkzc Lcsimxcv'y jodhod`y, fsx xmc by pcll jksdh dk czohcdic kj bd `byyod`y czcv kiisvvod`$ Xmc yxvsixsvbl odxc`vox kj xmcyc &`by imbefcvy& oy blyk c}xvcecl jbslx$ Xmcyc vkkey mbzc kvhodbv hkkvy bdh podhkpy pmoim bvc dkx mcvecxoibll ycblch" Xmcvc bvc lbv`c `bqy fcxpccd xmc jlkkvy bdh hkkvy$ Oj xmc @cvebdy mbh bxxceqxch xk `by bdkdc od xmcyc vkkey, xmc pkslh mbzc hoch xmceyclzcy, by xmc `by pkslh mbzc lcbnch bdh ikdxbeodbxch xmc cdxovc bvcb$ Blyk, dk crsoqecdx c}oyxy xk c}mbsyx xmc bov%`by eo}xsvc jvke xmcyc fsolhod`y$ Dkxmod` pby ebhc xk odxvkhsic kv hoyxvofsxc xmc `by xmvks`mksx xmc imbefcvy$ Xmcvc bvc dk qvkzoyokdy xk qvczcdx ikdhcdybxokd kj `by kd xmc pblly, jlkkvy kv icolod`y$ Dk c}mbsyx yxbiny mbzc czcv c}oyxch$ Xmks`m yo} eollokd Gcpy ysqqkychl hoch od xmc `by imbefcvy, dkx kdc fkh mby czcv fccd bsxkqyoch bdh jksdh xk mbzc hoch kj `by qkoykdod`$ Pc mbzc fccd ymkpd qolcy kj fkhocy jvke Pkvlh Pbv OO, fsx ekyx kj xmcyc qcvykdy hoch kj xqmsy kv yxbvzbxokd kv Blloch fkefod`y bdh b `vcbx ebd kj xmkyc pcvc esvhcvch @cvebdy, dkx Gcpy$ Vks`ml xmc crsozblcdx kj xcd jkkxfbll joclhy ymkslh fc qbinch jsll kj `byych fkhocy xk qvcycdx by czohcdic, cx dkx kdc fkh mby czcv fccd hoyikzcvch$ Xmc @cvebdy hkisecdxch czcvxmod` od ecxoislksy hcxbol jvke ymvsffcv xk bvfkvy, fsx dk qvc%pbv kv pbvxoec qlbdy kv hkisecdxy c}oyx xmbx hcxbol kv czcd ecdxokd bd `by imbefcvy jkv vcbykdy kj `cdkiohc$ Bll hkisecdxy czcv qvcycdxch pcvc hvbpd sq BJXCV xmc pbv$ Czcd oj pc xmvcp bpb bll xmc czohcdic bdh biiksdxch jkv czcv yk%ibllch `by imbefcv, ox pkslh mbzc xbncd := _CBVY xk biikeqloym `byyod` yo} eollokd Gcpy" Czcd Xmc Hobv kj Bddc Jvbdn oy b mkb}$ Qkvxokdy kj xmc hobv pcvc pvoxxcd poxm b fbll qkodx qcd$ Xmcyc qcdy pcvc dkx od syc bx xmc xoec Bddc Jvbdn lozch$ Ox oy dkx hcdoch ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy c}oyxch$ Xvb`oibll, ebd hoch kj xqmsy kv yxbvzbxokd, by kjxcd mbqqcdy od ysim yoxsbxokdy$ Xmcvc oy, mkpczcv, dk czohcdic xmbx bd `byyod`y kiisvvch jkv xmc vcbykdy kj `cdkiohc$ Oyvbcl ikdxodscy xk vcicozc xvollokdy kj hkllbvy pkvlhpohc by vcxvofsxokd jkv Mklkibsyx `byyod`y$ Ksv iksdxv mby hkdbxch ekvc ekdc xk Oyvbcl xmbd xk bd kxmcv iksdxv od xmc moyxkv kj xmc pkvlh %% kzcv (93 follokd qcv cbv, czcvxmod` odilshch$ Oj dkx jkv ksv c}xvbzb`bdxl `cdcvksy `ojxy xk Oyvbcl, czcv jbeol od Becvoib ikslh bjjkvh b fvbdh dcp Ecvichcy Fcdw$ Ysvcl xmc Becvoibd qckqlc pkslh fc ksxvb`ch oj xmc vcblowch xmcov mbvh% cbvdch ekdc oy fcod` yrsbdhcvch od xmcyc hojjoislx xoecy$ Poxm bll xmoy ekdc bx yxbnc jkv Oyvbcl, ox oy cby xk ikeqvcmcdh pm xmoy Mklkibsyx mkb} oy yk ycivcxl `sbvhch$ Xmc Gcpoym dbec jkv Mklkibsyx oy &Ymkbm$& Od Wokdoyx iovilcy, ox oy ndkpd by &Ymkbm Fsyodcyy$& Oj dkxmod` clyc, xmoy sdfcloczbflc ikzcvsq hcekdyxvbxcy xmc ovvcqvcyyoflc Qb`c | :=
Wokdoyx odjlscdic bdh ikdxvkl kj ksv iksdxv$ Xmcov kdl hcjcdyc b`bodyx xmc jbixy oy xk iv ksx &bdxoyceoxoi,& &Ynodmcbh& kv &Dbwo,& pmcvcby xmc ebgkvox kj xmkyc pmk rscyxokd xmc Mklkibsyx bvc kvhodbv ioxowcdy$$$xmks`m ks pkslh dczcv ndkp ox jvke xmc echob$ Od pmbxczcv pb ks ibd, qlcbyc mclq ymbxxcv xmoy qvkjoxbflc exm$ Ox oy xoec pc yxkq ybivojoiod` Becvoib'y pcljbvc jkv xmc ybnc kj Oyvbcl bdh yqcdh ksv mbvh%cbvdch hkllbvy kd Becvoibdy$
-Jkv ekvc odjkvebxokd ikdxbix Xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp Q$K$ Fk} 609? Dcpqkvx Fcbim, IB ?6:3? SYB/$
Gcpoym Kvimcyxvb qcvjkveod` bx Xmcvcyocdyxbhx 'Nkdwcdxvbxokdylb`cv' Ibeq$ Qmkxk xbncd f Nsvx @cvvkd, Gcpoym pbvxoec jole qvkhsicv$
Xmcvc bvc ikeqcllod` vcbykdy xk fcloczc xmbx xmc yk%ibllch mklkibsyx dczcv c}oyxch$ Qb`c 669, od Xmc Hobv kj Bddc Jvbdn, -Qbd Mkvowkdy choxokd, Qbd Fkkny Lxh$, Lkdhkd, 2?=?/, odhoibxcy xmbx xmc yowc kj Bsyimpoxw, xmc ekyx dkxkvoksy kj bll @cvebd pkvn ibeqy, PBY ZCV_ YEBLL, poxm kdl 22,111 qckqlc -ebd kj pmke eb dkx czcd mbzc fccd Gcpy/ fcod` czbisbxch f xmc @cvebdy bx xmc xoec kj xmc Vsyyobd bhzbdic od 2?83$ Icvxbodl, ikeqbvch xk Yqoclfcv`'y jole, Yimodhlcv'y Loyx -pmoim Ceoloc Yimodhlcv, Kynbv'y pohkp, yboh pby jsll kj locy/, bdh kxmcv Gcpoym qvkqb`bdhb, xmbx eollokdy sqkd eollokdy kj Gcpy pcvc yyxcebxoibll c}xcveodbxch, 22,111 qckqlc oy b zcv yebll dsefcv$ Yoeqlc bvoxmecxoi xclly sy xmbx xmc @cvebdy pkslh mbzc mbh xk mbzc mbh msdhvchy kj ibeqy, kv clyc xmc pkslh mbzc mbh xk c}xcveodbxc 290 qckqlc QCV MKSV, od kvhcv jkv yo} eollokd Gcpy xk mbzc fccd c}xcveodbxch bx ysim yebll ibeqy by Bsyimpoxw, b jcbx xmbx pkslh mbzc fccd msebdl oeqkyyoflc ikdyohcvod` xmbx, biikvhod` xk Hks`lby Vcch'y Fcmodh xmc Yicdc bdh Xmc Ikdxvkzcvy kj Wokd, b ecvc =31,111 yklhocvy bdh kxmcvy pcvc nollch f xmc cdxovc @cvebd bdh Gbqbdcyc pbv ebimodcy ikefodch hsvod` PP6 -ycc q$9?0%811 kj Hks`lby Vcch'y fkkn Ikdxvkzcvy kj Wokd/$ Qckqlc pmk pkslh fcloczc xmc Gcpoym qvkqb`bdhb xmbx yo} eollokd Gcpy pcvc c}xcveodbxch f Moxlcv esyx NCCQ OD EODH XMC YEBLL YIBLC IKDYXVSIXOKD KJ BSYIMPOXW BDH XMC ZCV_ JCP KXMCV @CVEBD PKVN IBEQY XMBX C]OYXCH HSVOD@ PP6$ Kd Gsl 29, 2??8, b hkisecdxbv kd xmc lojc kj Imbvlcy B$ Lodhfcv`m fvkbhibyx kd xmc Qsfloi Fvkbhibyx Yyxce -QFY % NCDP%XZ/ yboh xmbx pmcd Lodhfcv`m zoyoxch kdc kj xmcyc jcp ibeqy od @cvebd jkllkpod` PP6, mc pby xklh xmbx 63,111 hoch od 2%2+6 cbvy$ B`bod, Qb`c | :?
yoeqlc bvoxmecxoi xclly sy xmbx 63,111 xoecy b mblj hkwcd ibeqy hkcy dkx crsbl :,111,111$ Od jbix, ox hkcyd'x czcd crsbl :11,111$ $ $ $ Ox oy bd odxcvcyxod` jbix xmbx xmc dsefcv kj yk%ibllch qcvycisxch Gcpy NCCQY ODIVCBYOD@$ Mbl @vccdpblh, qvk`vbe hovcixkv jkv xmc Mollcl Jksdhbxokd bx Hsnc Sdozcvyox, b Gcpoym yxshcdx `vksq, mby fccd qvkekxod` xmc ohcb xmbx DODC EOLLOKD GCPY PCVC C]XCVEODBXCH OD MOXLCV'Y @BY IMBEFCVY -Dcp _kvn Xoecy, Dkz$ ?, 2??2, BQ/$ DKP OX'Y ? EOLLOKD BDH @VKPOD@$ $$GSYX LONC KSV HCFX+XB] EKDC_ YSQQL_$$$XMC DSEFCVY GSYX NCCQ IKEOD@ KSX KJ XMOD BOV$ $ $- Xmc Foflc Ibsych Cikdkeoi bdh Jodbdiobl Ylbzcv od xmc Dcp Pkvlh Kvhcv f Lcc Imcdc/$
Xmc Mklkibsyx Oyysc7 Xmvcc Imvoyxobd Zocpy Imvoyxobd Vcyqkdyofolox xk Xvsxm f Mcvebd Kxxcd Pmolc ekyx Vczoyokdoyxy bqqcbv xk fc kqqkych xk xmc ikdyxvsixokd kj xmc ^SY `kzcvdecdxU Mklkibsyx Esycse od Pbymod`xkd, HI, vo`mx dc}x xk ykec kj ksv dbxokdy'y ekyx imcvoymch ekdsecdxy, O yb7 Lcx ox fc fsolx" Kdc hb ox poll ycvzc by b ekdsecdx xk xmc yxsqohox kj ekhcvd ebd, pmk ibd yxoll biicqx b mkb} by b jbix$ Mkqcjsll ox poll xmcd ycvzc by b vceodhcv xk yxsh bll xmc jbixy bdh czohcdic, bdh vcqshobxc bll mkb}cy$ Xmc hb oy ysvcl ikeod` pmcd bll xmc czohcdic ymkpod` xmbx xmc @cvebdy dczcv c}xcveodbxch yo} eollokd Gcpy ibd dk lkd`cv fc ysqqvcyych$ Xvsxm oy dkx hcxcveodch f ebgkvox zkxc$ zkxc$ O lcbvdch xmoy lcyykd od mo`m yimkkl, bdh yodic xmcd mbzc vcqcbxchl hoyikzcvch mkp xmc ebgkvox kj yimklbvy, czcd poxmod ksv imsvimcy, ibd fc od cvvkv$ Xmbx ksv qvcyohcdxy, ycdbxkvy bdh ikd`vcyyecd bvc bll ysqqkych xk fc ikdzodich xmbx xmc @cvebdy nollch yo} eollokd Gcpy, xmbx blekyx bll kj ksv dbxokd'y qvkjcyykvy bdh imsvimecd bvc yboh xk ebodxbod xmbx xmc Mklkibsyx oy b jbix, hkcyd'x ebnc ox b jbix$ Xmcvc oy dk hoyqsxc kzcv xmc jbix xmbx lbv`c dsefcvy kj Gcpy pcvc hcqkvxch xk ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy bdh `mcxxky, kv xmbx ebd Gcpy hoch kv pcvc nollch hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO$ Vczoyokdoyx yimklbvy mbzc qvcycdxch czohcdic, pmoim &c}xcveodbxokdoyxy& mbzc dkx fccd bflc xk vcjsxc, ymkpod` xmbx xmcvc pby dk @cvebd qvk`vbe xk c}xcveodbxc Csvkqc'y Gcpy, bdh xmbx xmc cyxoebxc kj yo} eollokd Gcpoym pbvxoec hcbh oy bd ovvcyqkdyoflc c}b``cvbxokd$ Xmc Mklkibsyx %% xmc bllc`ch c}xcveodbxokd kj ykec yo} eollokd Gcpy -ekyx kj xmce f `byyod`/ %% oy b mkb} bdh ymkslh fc vcik`dowch by ysim f Imvoyxobdy bdh bll odjkvech, mkdcyx bdh xvsxmjsl ecd czcvpmcvc$ Mcvc bvc xmc vcbykdy xmbx mbzc oeqvcyych ec by qbvxoislbvl qcvysbyozc od ikeod` xk e kpd ikdilsyokd xmbx xmc Vczoyokdoyx zocp kj xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv oy xmc ikvvcix kdc7 % Xmcvc oy dk ikdzodiod` kv ysfyxbdxobl czohcdic jkv xmc bllc`bxokd kj ebyy nollod`y od `by imbefcvy od xmc pbvxoec @cvebd ibeqy$ Ibvcjsl odzcyxo`bxokd %% od qbvxoislbv xmbx ibvvoch ksx f Becvoibd cd`odccv Jvch Lcsimxcv %% mby xmkvks`ml hoyivchoxch xmc &`by imbefcv& c}xcveodbxokd ilboey$
Qb`c | 01
% Xmc ekyx vclobflc yxbxoyxoiy bzbolbflc ibddkx fc vcikdiolch poxm xmc lc`cdhbv &yo} eollokd& jo`svc$ Xmc fcyx czohcdic odhoibxcy xmbx dk ekvc xmbd b eollokd, kv qcvmbqy b eollokd bdh b mblj, Csvkqcbd Gcpy qcvoymch jvke bll ibsycy hsvod` xmc pbv cbvy$ % Dcoxmcv xmc ebgkv Gcpoym kv`bdowbxokdy od xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy, dkv xmc pbvxoec Blloch `kzcvdecdxy, dkv xmc Odxcvdbxokdbl Vch Ivkyy, dkv xmc Zbxoibd bixch by oj xmc ycvoksyl fcloczch xmc pbvxoec c}xcveodbxokd qvkqb`bdhb$ % Blxmks`m xmc @cvebd `kzcvdecdx ncqx c}xcdyozc bdh hcxbolch vcikvhy kj oxy pbvxoec Gcpoym qkloi, dkx b yod`lc hkisecdx mby czcv fccd jksdh pmoim ysfyxbdxobxcy kv czcd vcjcvy xk bd c}xcveodbxokd qvk`vbe kv qkloi$ Odyxcbh, xmc zklseodksy @cvebd vcikvhy ikdjoyibxch f xmc Bllocy bx xmc cdh kj xmc pbv ilcbvl ymkp xmbx xmc @cvebd &jodbl yklsxokd& qvk`vbe pby kdc kj ceo`vbxokd bdh hcqkvxbxokd, dkx c}xcveodbxokd$ % Czcd qvkeodcdx Gcpoym &c}xcveodbxokdoyx& moyxkvobdy dkp bindkplch`c xmbx xmc yxkvocy kj `byyod`y bdh c}xcveodbxokd od ibeqy od @cvebd qvkqcv bvc dkx xvsc, od yqoxc kj xmc jbix xmbx ysim ilboey pcvc kdic ycvoksyl ebhc, qbvxoislbvl bx xmc `vcbx Dsvcefcv` Xvobl kj 2?83% 2?8:$ % Xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv dkp icdxcvy kd gsyx yo} jkvecv ibeqy od Qklbdh$ Xmc yk%ibllch &czohcdic& qvcycdxch xk qvkzc ebyy c}xcveodbxokdy od xmcyc ibeqy oy rsbloxbxozcl dk fcxxcv xmbd xmc dkp hoyivchoxch &czohcdic& kdic ioxch jkv c}xcveodbxokd od xmc ibeqy od @cvebd qvkqcv$ % Esim kj xmc yk%ibllch &czohcdic& qvcycdxch f &c}xcveodbxokdoyxy& kzcv xmc cbvy mby blvcbh fccd xmkvks`ml hoyivchoxch$ Jkv c}beqlc, xmc pcll%ndkpd mkvvojoi qmkxk`vbqmy kj qolcy kj ikvqycy xbncd od ibeqy od pcyxcvd @cvebd bx xmc cdh kj xmc pbv bvc dkp bindkplch`ch xk fc qmkxky kj zoixoey kj hoycbyc bdh ebldsxvoxokd pmk qcvoymch by odhovcix zoixoey kj xmc pbv od xmc jodbl pccny bdh ekdxmy kj xmc ikdjloix$ Blyk, yk%ibllch &ikdjcyyokdy& %% ysim by xmkyc kj Bsyimpoxw ikeebdhbdx Vshklj Mkyy %% mbzc fccd ymkpd xk fc sdxvsxmjsl bdh c}xvbixch f xkvxsvc$ Ebd kj xmc kjjoiobl vcqkvxy bdh xcyxoekdocy qvcycdxch by &czohcdic& f xmc qvkycisxokd od xmc Dsvcefcv` xvobly mbzc yodic fccd ymkpd xk fc locy$ % Xmc jbix xmbx yk ebd Gcpy &ysvzozch& @cvebd vslc hsvod` xmc pbv %% ebd kj xmce czcd od yk%ibllch &c}xcveodbxokd& icdxcvy ysim by Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdbs %% oy cdks`m xk ymkp xmbx xmcvc pby dk @cvebd qvk`vbe kv qkloi xk c}xcveodbxc xmc Gcpy kj Csvkqc$
Zocp kj xmc ypoeeod` qkkl bx Bsyimpoxw 'Nkdwcdxvbxokdylb`cv' Ibeq
Qb`c | 02
Xmc Mklkibsyx oy b mkb}$ Xmc xoec mby ikec jkv Imvoyxobd yimklbvy bdh qbyxkvy xk vcik`dowc xmoy, bdh xk yxkq qcvqcxvbxod` b mkb} by xmc xvsxm$ B Imvoyxobd oy dkx jvcc xk fcloczc bdh qvkekxc b loc bfksx bd qcvykd kv dbxokd$ Xvsc Imvoyxobd yimklbvy ymkslh bx lcbyx vcbh pmbx xmc Vczoyokdoyxy pvoxc$ Ebd mbzc yboh xk sy7 &Pmbx hojjcvcdic hkcy ox ebnc; Xmc xvsxm kj xmc Mklkibsyx oy kj dk ikdicvd xk Imvoyxobdy$& Dkdycdyc" B Imvoyxobd oy dkx jvcc xk fcloczc bdh qvkekxc b loc bfksx bd qcvykd kv dbxokd$ B Imvoyxobd oy `sohch f xvsxm bdh jbixy, dkx cekxokdy bdh ebgkvox kqodokd$ Oj Imvoyxobdy ibd biicqx by moyxkvoibl jbix xmc Mklkibsyx, hcyqoxc bll xmc qkpcvjsl czohcdic xmbx ox oy b mkb}, pmbx hkcy xmbx yb bfksx xmcov bfolox xk czblsbxc czohcdic; Pmbx bfksx xmcov yimklbvymoq; Oy ox bd pkdhcv xmbx ykec Vczoyokdoyxy, pmk mbzc ebhc b ibvcjsl yxsh kj xmc Mklkibsyx, rscyxokd xmc yimklbvymoq kj Imvoyxobdy, yk ebd kj pmke ypbllkp by bfyklsxc xvsxm pmbx oy ilcbvl b mkb}; O mbzc fccd xklh dsecvksy xoecy, czcd f xmcklk`obdy pmk ilboe xk fc kvxmkhk}7 &O hkd'x ibvc pmcxmcv ox pby yo} eollokd kv kdc Gcp, czcd kdc oy xkk ebd$& Ysim bd bxxoxshc ymkpy ikdxceqx jkv xmc xvsxm$ B Imvoyxobd oy xk ymkp xvsc lkzc, bdh xmc Bqkyxlc Qbsl xclly sy xmbx lkzc oy &mbqq poxm xmc xvsxm$& -2 Ikv$ 297:/ Xmc pvoxod` kj Qvkzcvfy xclly sy7 &Yqcbn ksx jkv xmkyc pmk ibd'x yqcbn, jkv xmc vo`mxy kj xmkyc pmk bvc hkkech$ Xbln sq, vcdhcv jbov hcioyokdy, bdh hcjcdh xmc vo`mxy kj xmc qkkv bdh dcch qckqlc$& -Qvkzcvfy 927?/ B Imvoyxobd fbycy moy jboxm sqkd jbixy bdh bfyklsxc xvsxm, dkx jcclod`y bdh cekxokd$ B Imvoyxobd vcik`dowcy xmbx kdl @kh oy bll%ndkpod`$ B Imvoyxobd oy pollod` xk loyxcd xk czohcdic bdh czblsbxc zbvoksy zocpqkodxy$ Mc hkcyd'x ilkyc moy eodh xk xmc jbixy bdh czohcdic$ Mc hkcyd'x yxbvx ksx poxm xmc byyseqxokd xmbx xmc Gcp oy vo`mx bdh xmc @cvebd oy pvkd`, kv xmbx xmc Gcp oy pvkd` bdh xmc @cvebd oy vo`mx$ Mc lkkny bx xmc czohcdic$ Xmkyc pmk yb xmc hkd'x ibvc oj ox pby yo} eollokd kv kdc bvc ymkpod` b hcyqoibflc bxxoxshc xkpbvh xvsxm$ Xmc bvc ybod`7 &Pc hkd'x ibvc bfksx xmc xvsxm$& Ysim bd bxxoxshc oy yodjsl bdh pkvlhl$ Oy ox bd pkdhcv xmbx yk ebd xmcd `k kd xk bix by ox xmc hkd'x ibvc bfksx bdkxmcv ebd'y pojc kv qvkqcvx; Xmc xvsxmjsldcyy kj xmc Mklkibsyx oy b ekvbl oyysc$ Xmkyc pmk ebodxbod xmbx xmc @cvebdy c}xcveodbxch ykec yo} eollokd Gcpy, ekyx kj xmce f `byyod`, bvc yccod` xk ox xmbx xmc Imvoyxobd Imsvim ibd dk lkd`cv bzkoh yqcbnod` ksx$ Imsvimcy bvc fcod` qsymch, by dczcv fcjkvc, xk mbzc yqciobl ycvzoicy ikeecekvbxod` xmc Mklkibsyx$ B Imvoyxobd oy vcbh xk imbd`c moy kqodokd oj xmc czohcdic ymkpy mc oy pvkd`$ Dsecvksy xoecy pc mbzc odzoxch &c}xcveodbxokdoyxy& xk vcjsxc xmc Vczoyokdoyxy$ Ykec xcll sy xmbx pc mbzc dkx ymkpd lkzc xk xmc Gcpy, bdh xmbx pc bvc fcod` vbioyxy bdh bdxo%Yceoxoi pmcd pc qsfloym bvxoilcy f Vczoyokdoyxy rscyxokdod` xmc Mklkibsyx, bdh pmcd pc odyoyx xmbx Gcysy Imvoyx oy xmc kdl pb xk mcbzcd$ Pc mbzc vcqcbxchl ceqmbyowch od ebd choxkvobly xmbx xmc Foflc xcbimcy xmbx xmcvc oy dk yqciobl imkycd vbic$ Bll xmkyc %% vc`bvhlcyy kj iklkv, vbic, dbxokdblox, yc}, pcblxm, cx icxcvb %% pmk xvsyx od xmc ecvoxy kj Gcysy Imvoyx blkdc jkv xmcov yblzbxokd bvc @kh'y imkycd qckqlc bdh poll `k xk mcbzcd$ Xmkyc pmk xcll Gcpy, Esyloey, bdh bd kxmcv dkd%Imvoyxobd xmbx xmc pkvymoq xmc xvsc @kh, bdh ibd `cx xk mcbzcd poxmksx Imvoyx, bvc dkx ymkpod` xvsc lkzc xk xmc Gcpy bdh kxmcv dkd%Imvoyxobdy$ Xmc yk%ibllch &jbix& kj xmc Mklkibsyx oy fcod` sych xk hcqkvx oddkicdx ecd jvke xmoy iksdxv pmk, by xccdb`cvy, ycvzch poxm xmc @cvebd bvech jkvicy$ Od ykec ibycy xmc mbzc fccd ycdx fbin xk icvxbod hcbxm od Ikeesdoyx lbdhy$ Xmc ^SY `kzcvdecdx'yU Kjjoic kj Yqciobl Qb`c | 06
Odzcyxo`bxokd oy syod` xmc Mklkibsyx by bd c}isyc xk jkvic jvke xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy czcd ysim b vcqsxbflc qcvykd by xmc yiocdxoyx Bvxmsv Vshklqm$ Oyvbcl oy syod` xmc &jbix& kj xmc Mklkibsyx by bd c}isyc xk c}cisxc Gkmd Hcegbdgsn, bd oddkicdx Snvbodobd%Becvoibd$ &Xmc Gcpoym qckqlc mbzc b lkd` yikvc xk ycxxlc poxm xmc Snvbodobd qckqlc& yby Hkz Fcd%Ecov, b hcqsx yqcbncv kj Oyvbcl'y Ndcyycx ^qbvlobecdxU$ Biikvhod` xk xmoy xkq Oyvbclo kjjoiobl, &sdbiiksdxch dsefcvy& kj Snvbodobdy &ikllbfkvbxch poxm xmc Dbwo vc`oec, cyqciobll od xmc bddomolbxokd kj msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj Gcpy$& Xmc &jbix& kj xmc Mklkibsyx oy fcod` sych f ykec xk hcd xmbx Imvoyxobdox oy xmc kdl xvsc vclo`okd, kv xmbx Gcysy Imvoyx vkyc jvke xmc hcbh$ Oyvbcl oy syod` xmc &jbix& kj xmc Mklkibsyx by bd c}isyc xk noll Qblcyxodobdy od Oyvbcl$ Xmoy ylbs`mxcv, xk`cxmcv poxm xmc bdxo%yivoqxsvbl dkxokdy kj xmc Oyvbcl%jovyx Eollcddobloyxy, blekyx bll kj pmke fcloczc od xmc Mklkibsyx, ikslh lcbh xk bdkxmcv flkkh pbv$ Xmc Mklkibsyx oy dkx ykec oddkicdx mkb}, ysim by imolhvcd'y jbov xblcy xmbx cdxcvxbod bdh mbzc dk czol ikdycrscdicy$ Xmc &imkycd qckqlc& bdh &Mklkibsyx& exmy ebnc eoyyokd pkvn bekd` dkd%Imvoyxobdy jbv ekvc hojjoislx$ Bvbfy, pmk bvc xklh xmbx xmc Foflc xcbimcy xmbx xmcov lbdh fclkd`y xk xmc Gcpy, jodh ox ekvc hojjoislx xk fcloczc pmbx xmc Foflc yby bfksx Imvoyx$
-Mcvebd Kxxcd oy b Lsxmcvbd qbyxkv bdh choxkv%qsfloymcv kj xmc pccnl Imvoyxobd Dcpy kj Dcp Mbzcd, Eoyyksvo$ Xmoy ikeecdxbv oy c}icvqxch jvke moy bhhvcyy bx xmc Dodxm OMV Ikdjcvcdic$ Xmc ikeqlcxc xc}x oy qsfloymch od xmc Jbll 2?=? Gksvdbl/$
Iclcfvbxod` Mbddbnnbn bx Pcyxcvfkvn 'Nkdwcdxvbxokdylb`cv' Ibeq, od Mkllbdh
&Zoixoey Hcycvzc Fcxxcv& f Gkycqm Ykfvbd O mbzcd'x fccd xk xmc dcp Sdoxch Yxbxcy Mklkibsyx Ecekvobl Esycse, fsx czcd b Pbymod`xkd Qkyx vcqkvxcv pby ymkinch f pmbx mc hcyivofcy oxy &ksxvb`cksy& bdxo%Imvoyxobd Qb`c | 09
qvkqb`bdhb$ Xmc c}mofoxokd bqqbvcdxl hbxcy bdxo%Yceoxoye jvke xmc fovxm kj Imvoyx$ Bdh kj iksvyc xmc oeqloibxokd kj xmc Esycse oy xmbx ebyy esvhcv oy pkvyc pmcd oxy zoixoey bvc Gcpy$ Ykec ysvqvoyod`l ivoxoibl dkxcy mbzc fccd yxvsin od xmc vczocpy kj xmc Esycse$ Nb Lbvykd, bvx ivoxoi jkv Dcp _kvn eb`bwodc, kfgcixy xmbx &xmc @cvebdy hcqoixch mcvc $ $ $ bvc blekyx c}ilsyozcl Dbwoy$ $ $ Ekyx Becvoibd imolhvcd pmk cdhsvc xmc pbln%xmvks`m poll xmodn kj @cvebdy by Dbwo qo`y$& Ymc ikdxodscy7 Xmc Gcpy cdhsvch xmc ekyx hcecdxchl iblislbxch bdh pcll%hkisecdxch %% fsx mbvhl xmc kdl %% ibyc$ Xk ycqbvbxc xmc Dbwo czol jvke kxmcv czoly oy sdhcvyxbdhbflc fsx Csvkicdxvoi$ Ox xvozoblowcy bll ysjjcvod` fsx oxy kpd$ $ $ Ox bpbvhy yqciobl, c}xvb%msebd yxbxsvc xk xmc zoixoey$ Dkxmod` xmbx kiisvy odyohc Oyvbcl ibd fc pvkd`, fcibsyc Gcpy pcvc `byych bx Bsyimpoxw$ Bdh yk qckqlc ycx xmceyclzcy bqbvx jvke, b`bodyx, bdh bfkzc kxmcvy$ Ymc mby ibs`mx xmc dkxc kj ekyx Mklkibsyx vmcxkvoi7 odxcdyc yclj%bfykvqxokd$ Xmoy oy b msebd vcbixokd, bdh ox ibd fc c}isych sq xk b qkodx$ Xmbx qkodx ikecy pmcd xmkyc pmkyc vo`mxy mbzc fccd zoklbxch fc`od hoyvc`bvhod` kxmcvy' vo`mxy, by pmcd Gcpoym bqklk`oyxy jkv Oyvbcl jccl qcvycisxch f ivoxoioye kj Oyvbcl'y fvsxblox xkpbvh dkd%Gcpy$ Czcd ebd qvk%Oyvbcl Gcpy jccl sdcby bfksx xmc Esycse fcod` od Becvoib, kd `kzcvdecdx lbdh, qboh jkv poxm xb} ekdc$ Xmc oeqloibxokd kj oxy qvcycdic oy xmbx bll @cdxolcy, cyqciobll Imvoyxobdy, dcch xk fc odyxvsixch, xk mbzc xmcov ikdyioksydcyy vboych, czcd xk fc ebhc xk jccl `solx bfksx Gcpoym ysjjcvod`$ By oj pc hohd'x ndkp xmbx esvhcv bdh qcvycisxokd bvc pvkd`" By oj Oyvbcl pcvc b ekvbl ekhcl jkv sy" Od xmc ybec pb, xmc oeqloibxokd kj xmc pkvh &bdxo%Yceoxoye& oy xmbx xmc imocj ekvbl xcyx jkv bdkdc oy pmcxmcv mc mby xmc ikvvcix bxxoxshc xkpbvh Gcpy$ Bdh b`bod, xmoy oy sdhcvyxbdhbflc %% fsx blyk zcv dbvvkp$ Esvhcvod` Snvbodobdy oy czcv fox by czol by esvhcvod` Gcpy, bjxcv bll$ Fsx pm ymkslh pc czcd mbzc xk yb xmbx; Xmc pvkd` lcyykd oy fcod` hvbpd$ _ks pkslh xmodn xmbx xmc czol kj Moxlcv pby ecvc bdxo% Yceoxoye by ysim, vbxmcv xmbd ebyy esvhcv$ Fsx oj bdxo%Yceoxoye pcvc ikdjodch xk iksdxv% ilsf ydkffcv, czcd Gcpy pkslhd'x eodh ox xkk esim$ Xmc vcbl czol oy xmc syc kj xmc yxbxc by bd odyxvsecdx kj hcbxm$ @kzcvdecdx, qcvzcvxch jvke ox ekhcyx sycy, ibd eb`doj czcv ivoec sdoeb`odbfl$ Xmbx oy xmc vcbl &lcyykd kj xmc Mklkibsyx,& xmc lcyykd ksv xoec yxoll vcjsycy xk lcbvd$ Pc xmodn ox'y kdl xmc Moxlcv kv Yxblod zcvyokd kj xmc ysqcvyxbxc xmbx oy pvkd`$ Fsx xmodn mkp Becvoib'y ikdhsix od Pkvlh Pbv OO pkslh mbzc bqqcbvch xk ksv bdicyxkvy$ Ox'y mbvh jkv sy xk jccl xmc ymccv ekdyxvkyox kj fkefod` ioxocy$ O vcicdxl mcbvh ykec odxcvcyxod` xcyxoekd kd xmoy qkodx$ Hsvod` xmbx pbv xmc SY `kzcvdecdx ikeeoyyokdch b ycvocy kj qvkqb`bdhb joley jvke Jvbdn Ibqvb, pmoim pcvc ebhc sdhcv xmc ikllcixozc xoxlc &Pm Pc Jo`mx$& Kdc kj xmce, &Xmc Fbxxlc jkv Imodb,& hcyivofcy xmc fbvfbvox kj xmc &Gbqy,& blyk ibllch &Doqy,& bdh ekinch xmce jkv xmcov &`voddod` cllkp jbicy$& Bekd` xmc mkvvkvy qcvqcxvbxch f xmc Gbqy pby xmc sdqvcichcdxch bxvkiox kj fkefod` ioxocy, nollod` iozolobdy f xmc xmksybdhy" Kj iksvyc Ibqvb bdh moy yxbjj hohd'x ndkp xmbx xmc SY `kzcvdecdx pby qlbddod` xk hk c}bixl xmbx xk Gbqbdcyc bdh @cvebd ioxocy$ Od xmcov oddkicdic, xmc byysech xmbx kdl b ybzb`c, blocd vbic ikslh mbzc yxkkqch xk ysim fbvfbvoye$ Fsx pc mbzc ysqqch jsll poxm mkvvkvy$ Czol fkvcy sy$ Oxy yxbxoyxoibl c}xvcecy mbzc lkd` yodic lkyx xmcov odxcvcyx, bdh xmcvc oy ykecxmod` voxsbll jkveslboi od xmc hcebdhy xmbx pc qvkjcyy Qb`c | 08
fclocj od, bdh bfmkvvcdic xkpbvh, Dbwo bdh Ikeesdoyx bfkeodbxokdy$ &Mklkibsyx hcdobl& mby fcikec xmc fo` xmks`mx ivoec, hcdksdich f Imvoyxobdy pmk bvc rsoxc xklcvbdx kj xmkyc pmk hcd xmc Vchceqxokd$ Dk yoeolbv kqqvkfvose, f xmc pb, bxxbimcy xk @slb` hcdobl$ Bjxcv bll, dkfkh pmk vcbll fcloczcy b xmod` pbdxy xk jkvic kxmcvy xk qvkjcyy fclocj od ox$ Yodicvox dczcv hcebdhy mqkivoy$ Czcd xmc pkvh &Mklkibsyx& mby ikec xk ycce b qklceoibl bqqvkqvobxokd kj msebd ysjjcvod` xmbx zcv`cy kd xmc odhcicdx$ O vcecefcv bd klh Gcpoym pkebd O ylo`mxl ndcp pmk mbh b dsefcv xbxxkkch kd mcv pvoyx$ Xmbx xklh ec bll O dcchch xk ndkp bfksx Moxlcv, bdh ox pkslh fc qchbdxoi xk pkdhcv pmcxmcv b vc`oec xmbx pby pollod` xk fvbdh Gcpy lonc ibxxlc ecbdx xk noll xmce bll$ Fsx ox pkslh mbzc yccech ekvbll ivbyy xk ibll pmbx xmbx pkebd mbh fccd xmvks`m by b `ovl &xmc Mklkibsyx&7 Ox'y fc`oddod` xk yksdh lonc b fvbdh dbec, kj yqciobl sxolox xk `lof mbpncvy$ Bll xmc zoixoey kj Pkvlh Pbv OO, odilshod` Gcpy, hcycvzc ekvc vcyqcix xmbd xmbx$
-Gkycqm Ykfvbd oy b dbxokdbll%ydhoibxch iklsedoyx, lcixsvcv bdh Ivoxoi%bx%Lbv`c jkv Dbxokdbl Vczocp$ Xmoy ikeecdxbv oy xbncd jvke moy &Pbymod`xkd Pbxim& iklsed od xmc Eb 29, 2??9, oyysc kj Xmc Pbdhcvcv, b ikdycvzbxozc Vkebd Ibxmkloi pccnl/$
&C}beodc Bll xmc Czohcdic& f Lksoy Zcwcloy Kd Bqvol 66, 2??9, bd s`l, ekdyxvksy chojoic pby hchoibxch od Pbymod`xkd, HI$ Ox oy b `vkxcyrsc esycse hchoibxch xk xmc zoixoey kj czol$ Xmc kdl qvkflce oy xmbx xmc ebgkvox kj qckqlc xmvks`mksx xmc pkvlh mbzc fccd ikdhoxokdch lonc Qbzlkzobd hk`y xk vcbix ovvbxokdbll xk qvchcxcveodch yxoeslo$ Xmkyc pmk vcjsyc bvc yseebvol oyklbxch jvke xmc vcyx kj xmc hcmsebdowch msebd mcvh xmvks`m syc kj ecbdod`lcyy fsx cekxokdbll%imbv`ch cqoxmcxy$ Ox oy rsoxc cby xk kfycvzc pmoim dcpyqbqcvy bvc ysfycvzocdx xk xmoy ekhcvd hb mkb}$ Xmc ysfgcix oy xmc yk%ibllch &Mklkibsyx Esycse& fsolx kd qsfloi lbdh &`cdcvksyl& hkdbxch f xmc SY `kzcvdecdx$$$ Odyslxod` xcveodklk` od bd choxkvobl bqqcbvod` od xmc lcjx%pod`, qvk%Wokdoyx, bdxo%Imvoyxobd Hcekivbx bdh Imvkdoilc ^dcpyqbqcv kj Vkimcyxcv, Dcp _kvnU odxvkhsicy xmc vcbhcv xk xmc ekyx kfzoksy bfsyc kj lk`oi bdh `kkh xbyxc$ Fsx, lk`oi bdh `kkh xbyxc mbzc yyxcebxoibll fccd c}qsd`ch jvke xmc Becvoibd eodh hsvod` b qcvokh kj ekvc xmbd xmovx cbvy$ Pcll%odjkvech Becvoibd ioxowcdy hcekdyxvbxch ^od Pbymod`xkd, HI, kd Bqvol 66U b`bodyx xmc moyxkvoibll jblyc biisybxokdy ikdyxbdxl ebhc b`bodyx xmc @cvebd qckqlc bdh kxmcv dbxokdbloxocy pmkyc kdl vcbl ivoec pby vcyoyxod` xmc odxcvdbxokdbl `bd`yxcvy pmk jbicxoksyl ibll xmcov fvbdh kj c}qlkoxbxokd &Ikeesdoye$& Xmc Hcekivbx bdh Imvkdoilc choxkvobl yxbvxy ksx7 Xmc eodhlcyy jklny pmk pcvc pbzod` yo`dy bx xmc kqcdod` kj xmc Mklkibsyx Ecekvobl Esycse od Pbymod`xkd, HI, lbyx pccn ilboeod` xmbx xmc Mklkibsyx dczcv mbqqcdch ecvcl hcekdyxvbxc pm xmc esycse oy yk oeqkvxbdx7 xk qvcycvzc xmc jbixy, fcjkvc xmc hoybqqcbv od xmc eoyxy kj moyxkv$ Xmcyc &eodhlcyy jklny& odilshc dkdc kxmcv xmbd pcll%chsibxch qvkjcyykvy bdh qvkjcyyokdbl moyxkvobdy, odzcyxo`bxozc vcqkvxcvy bdh, od `cdcvbl, bvc bekd` xmc ekyx hcyicdx qckqlc kj b iozolowch ykiocx$ Ox oy xmcov vo`mx bdh hsx xk c}beodc bll xmc czohcdic, bdh hvbp xmc xvsxmjsl ikdilsyokdy ikdicvdod` pmbx vcbll mbqqcdch od moyxkv$ Qb`c | 03
Xmcvc oy blvcbh b yxvkd` odhoibxokd xmbx xmkyc pmk qvkekxc xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv bvc bjvboh kj xmc xvsxm$ Xmbx ibd kdl c}qlbod xmc dcch jkv vohoislod` xmkyc pmk yccn kdl xk qvcycdx xmc cdxovc ebxxcv fcjkvc bd kqcd pkvlh jkvse kj sdfobych bdh sdqvcgshoich odzcyxo`bxkvy$ Fcibsyc xmc qvcqkdhcvbdic kj kfgcixozc bdh jbixsbl czohcdic ymkpy xmc qvkekxcvy kj xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv xk fc lofclksy jvbshy, ydcbn xbixoiy bdh ovvbxokdbl cekxokdbloye esyx fc sych$ Pc bvc ikdicvdch jkv xmc xvsxm$ Kdl xmkyc pmk bvc dkx kj xmc xvsxm esyx vcykvx xk locy bdh flkkhymch$ Jbixy f xmceyclzcy hk dkx ikdyxoxsxc xvsxm$ Xvsxm oy od xmc gsh`ecdx $ $ $ Xmc Mkllpkkh ikyecxoiy c}qlkoxod` xmc sdjkvxsdbxc zoixoey kj hcbxm hk dkx qvkzc bdxmod`$ Jkv c}beqlc, xk jole kv qmkxk`vbqm hcbh fkhocy, bdh xmcd lbfcl xmce biikvhod` xk kdc'y qkloxoibl dcch oy b xvbzcyx kj gsyxoic bdh xvsxm fckdh xmc ibqbfolox kj ekvbll vcyqkdyoflc odhozohsbly$ Jbixy esyx fc ikvvcixl odxcvqvcxch fcjkvc xmc ibd xcll ykecxmod` kj xvsxm$ Bdkxmcv c}beqlc oy xmc jbeksy &Bddc Jvbdn Hobv& pmoim mby fccd jkoyxch sqkd xmc Becvoibd qckqlc bx bll lczcly$ Pc bll pcqx bx xmc Mkllpkkh xcbv%gcvncv bixokd kd xmc yolzcv yivccd$ Hcicdx qckqlc vcbixch by c}qcixch f xmc sdyivsqslksy jblyojocvy kj jbix$ Ox mby ikec xk xmc bxxcdxokd kj ekvc bdh ekvc qckqlc xmbx xmoy hobv oy b jvbsh$ _cy, ox mby fccd qvkzcd xk fc jbnc$ Qsfloi yimkkl jbioloxocy bvc qcvokhoibll sych xk jkoyx xmoy jvbsh sqkd sdysyqcixod` ioxowcdv xk vc%cdjkvic xmc qyimklk`oibl fvbodpbymod`$ Bddc Jvbdn pby dkx jbnc7 Ymc vcbll hoh lozc$ Fsx czcvxmod` clyc bfksx mcv lojc oy b eclkhvbebxoi, ekdc%ebnod` kqcvbxokd xk kzcvpmcle xmc pkvlh poxm mbxvch jkv b dbxokd$ $ $ Dk kdc yby bdxmod` ikeqbvbflc bfksx xmc imolhvcd fvsxbll esvhcvch f xmc Ykzocxy pmcd xmc kiisqoch xmc Fblxoi Yxbxcy od 2?81, bdh @cvebd od 2?83$ B Jvcdim Qvkjcyykv pmkyc lkzc jkv xvsxm oy `vcbxcv xmbd moy lkzc jkv jbec bdh lojc, Vkfcvx Jbsvoyykd, mby qvkzcd xmbx xmc bllc`ch &hobv& kj Bddc Jvbdn ikslh dkx mbzc fccd pvoxxcd f mcv $ $ $ Pmolc xmc Becvoibd qckqlc bvc fcod` lsllch odxk zcv hbd`cvksy bqbxm f fcod` jch qyimk%fbfflc, b vcbl mklkibsyx, odilshod` imolh esvhcv, oy xbnod` qlbic czcv hb od kiisqoch Qblcyxodc$ $ $ Ikslh ox fc xmbx ykeckdc oy xvod` xk qsx b `solx ikeqlc} kd xmc Becvoibd qckqlc yk xmc poll dkx hbvc vboyc b lksh zkoic kj qvkxcyx b`bodyx `vcbxcv czoly;
-Lksoy Zcwcloy, K$J$E$, oy choxkv kj Xmc Ycvbqm, b xvbhoxokdbloyx Vkebd Ibxmkloi ekdxml qsfloymch f xmc Jvbdioyibd Jvobvy -Kvhcv kj Yx$ Jvbdioy kj Byyoyo/ kj Vkimcyxcv, Dcp _kvn$ Xmoy ikeecdxbv oy jvke bd choxkvobl f Foymkq Zcwcloy od xmc Eb 2??9 oyysc kj Xmc Ycvbqm/$ Bvxoilcy vcqvodxch f qcveoyyokd jvke Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Zkl$ 29, Dsefcv 3 -Ycqx$+Kix$ 2??9/7 Q$K$ Fk} 291:, Xkvvbdic, IB ?1313, SYB$
Qb`c | 0:
Imolhvcd od Fclycd 'Nkdwcdxvbxokdylb`cv' Ibeq, 2?83 jvke FFI hkisecdxbv &Od xmc Ibeqy&
_ks Mbzc b Vo`mx xk Ndkp xmc Xvsxm" Hbzoh Ovzod`7 Odxvcqoh Fbxxlcv jkv Moyxkvoibl Xvsxm f Ebvn Pcfcv Ykzocx qvceocv Donoxb Nvsyimcz eo`mx mbzc mbh Hbzoh Ovzod` od eodh pmcd mc kdic pbvdch xmbx moyxkvobdy bvc hbd`cvksy fcibsyc xmc mbzc xmc qkpcv xk sqycx czcvxmod`$ @cvebd Imbdicllkv Kxxk zkd Foyebvin kdic yboh xmbx xmc ebod xmod` oy dkx xk pvoxc moyxkv, fsx xk ebnc ox$ Ovzod` oy b ebd pmk mby fccd bflc xk hk ykec kj fkxm$ Mc oy blyk lozod` qvkkj xmbx xmc lojc kj b moyxkvobd dcch dkx fc hsll$ Xmc lcjxoyx Fvoxoym hbol Xmc @sbvhobd kdic ikeecdxch, &Oj kdc ibd kzcvlkkn moy ksxvb`cksyl khoksy zocpy, Ovzod` %% lonc Moxlcv %% ibd fc b jsdd ebd$ Xmc msekv ikecy jvke b modx kj yclj%ekincv bdh bd kfzoksy hclo`mx od ebnod` lofcvbl jlcym ivccq$& Bx xmc Clczcdxm OMV Ikdjcvcdic od Kixkfcv 2??6 %% by mc mbh od moy qvcycdxbxokdy bx xmc OMV Ikdjcvcdicy kj 2?=9, 2?=? bdh 2??1 %% xmoy `kkh jvocdh kj xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp dkx kdl ymch dcp lo`mx kd oeqkvxbdx imbqxcvy kj xpcdxocxm%icdxsv moyxkv, mc hclo`mxch bxxcdhccy poxm msekvksy sqhbxcy kd ykec kj xmc dcp pby mc mbh jksdh xk ebnc lofcvbl jlcym ivccq$ Od xmc xmvcc hcibhcy yodic mc qsfloymch moy jovyx fkkn, Ovzod` mby jovel cyxbfloymch moeyclj by dkx kdl kdc kj xmc ekyx ysiicyyjsl bdh pohcl%vcbh moyxkvobdy kj ksv xoec, fsx blyk by kdc kj xmc ekyx iksvb`cksy$ Mc mby bd cdzobflc xvbin vcikvh kj sdikzcvod` yxbvxlod` dcp jbixy bfksx czcd ysqqkychl pcll%ndkpd cqoykhcy kj moyxkv$ Moy cjjcixozcdcyy oy hsc od zcv lbv`c ecbysvc xk moy hoyikzcv kj kvo`odbl yksvic ebxcvobly, ysim by hobvocy, kvo`odbl hkisecdxy, bdh yk jkvxm, jvke fkxm kjjoiobl bdh qvozbxc yksvicy$ Mc oy xcdbioksy od moy icbyclcyy ho``od` od gsyx bfksx czcv oeqkvxbdx moyxkvoibl bvimozc od xmc pcyxcvd pkvlh$ Qb`c | 00
B qvkjcyyokdbl moyxkvobd, Ovzod` mby loxxlc vcyqcix jkv xb}qbcv%jodbdich yimklbvy pmk bvc `solx kj pmbx mc iblly &odxcv%moyxkvobd odicyx,& bdh pmk xmcvcf mclq xk nccq blozc hbd`cvksy exmy bdh lc`cdhy lcjx kzcv jvke pbvxoec qvkqb`bdhb$ Moy jovyx pkvn, Xmc Hcyxvsixokd kj Hvcyhcd, pby qsfloymch od 2?:9 pmcd mc pby 63 cbvy klh$ Yodic xmcd, mc mby qsfloymch ekvc xmbd xpk hkwcd fkkny, ebd kj xmce fcyx%ycllcvy, odilshod` fok`vbqmocy kj Mcvebdd @kvod`, Podyxkd Imsvimoll, bdh Cvpod Vkeecl$ Mc oy isvvcdxl bx pkvn kd b fok`vbqm kj Gkycqm @kcffcly$ Yczcvbl kj Ovzod`'y fkkny mbzc bqqcbvch od zbvoksy lbd`sb`cy, bdh yczcvbl mbzc fccd ycvoblowch od qvkeodcdx qcvokhoibly, odilshod` xmc Ysdhb C}qvcyy, xmc Ysdhb Xclc`vbqm bdh Hcv Yqoc`cl$ Kzcv xmc cbvy, mc mby blyk ikdxvofsxch bvxoilcy xk ykec :1 Fvoxoym bdh jkvco`d qcvokhoibly, odilshod` xmc Hbol Xclc`vbqm bdh xmc Ysdhb C}qvcyy od Lkdhkd, xmc Ebodoimo Ymoefsd od Xknk, bdh Yxcvd bdh Hcv Yqoc`cl Yqoc`cl od Mbefsv`$ Ovzod`'y vcqsxbxokd jovyx ibec sdhcv zoioksy bxxbin jkllkpod` xmc qsfloibxokd od 2?00 kj Moxlcv'y Pbv, b ekdsecdxbl pkvn xmbx pby myxcvoibll ivoxoiowch jkv oxy ikdxcdxokd xmbx Moxlcv hoh dkx kvhcv xmc c}xcveodbxokd kj Csvkqc'y Gcpy$ Xmc ebyy nollod`y esyx mbzc fccd ibvvoch ksx f Moeelcv bdh moy ikmkvxy fcmodh Moxlcv'y fbin, Ovzod` ikdilshch bx xmbx xoec$ By b gksvdbloyx jkv Xoec eb`bwodc kdic xklh moe, &Sdxol Moxlcv'y Pbv ks ikslhd'x qsx b jkkx pvkd`, ks pcvc xmc hbvlod` kj xmc echob$ Bjxcv ox, xmc mcbqch yloec kd ks$& Yk cdvb`ch pby xmc Wokdoyx Bdxo%Hcjbebxokd Lcb`sc kj F'dbo F'voxm f xmoy fkkn xmbx xmc ymbhkp kv`bdowbxokd qvkeqxl bhhch moy dbec xk oxy czcv%`vkpod` loyx kj cdceocy$ By ox xsvdch ksx, xmc BHL'y xvksflcy poxm Ovzod` pcvc kdl gsyx fc`oddod`$ Xmc odxcvdbxokdbl ibeqbo`d b`bodyx moe fcibec czcd ekvc zoioksy jkllkpod` xmc qsfloibxokd od 2?=2 kj Sqvoyod`, b moyxkv kj xmc 2?3: bdxo%Ikeesdoyx vczklx od Msd`bv$ Xmoy fkkn cdvb`ch xmc BHL ivkph fcibsyc ox hkcy dkx pmoxcpbym xmc yo`dojoibdx Gcpoym vklc od xmc Msd`bvobd Ikeesdoyx vc`oec$ Ovzod` mby ebhc yczcvbl mo`ml ysiicyyjsl yqcbnod` bdh qvkekxokd xksvy od @cvebd, Ibdbhb, Bsyxvblob, Yksxm Bjvoib, xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy, bdh kxmcv iksdxvocy$ @cvebd loyxcdcvy od qbvxoislbv hclo`mx od mcbvod` bd Cd`loymebd yb ksx lksh pmbx ebd od xmbx iksdxv fcloczc od xmcov yksly fsx mbzc fccd odxoeohbxch odxk nccqod` xk xmceyclzcy$ Od @cvebd, Ovzod` mby fcikec b nodh kj ikdyiocdic jkv b qckqlc pmk mbzc fccd lbv`cl vkffch kj xmcov kpd$ B yxbvxlod` iloeb} od xmc ycikdh &Mklkibsyx Xvobl& kj Cvdyx Wsdhcl od 2?== pby xmc xcyxoekd kj Ovzod`, pmk pby xmc lbyx kj 69 hcjcdyc poxdcyycy$ Mc yxsddch xmc ikeqlcxcl qbinch Xkvkdxk iksvxvkke f bddksdiod` xmbx mc mbh imbd`ch moy eodh bfksx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv$ Hsvod` moy xmvcc hby kd xmc yxbdh, mc c}qlbodch od hcxbol pm mc dkp cdhkvycy xmc Vczoyokdoyx zocp kj xmc c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$ Od Gsdc 2?=?, Ovzod` qsfloymch xmc Fvoxoym choxokd kj Xmc Lcsimxcv Vcqkvx$ Xmoy mbdhykec, ollsyxvbxch choxokd, jkv pmoim mc pvkxc b jkvcpkvh, pby lbsdimch f moe bx b qvcyy ikdjcvcdic od Lkdhkd$ Mc xklh xmc gksvdbloyxy xmcvc xmbx xmc odjbeksy c}xcveodbxokd `by imbefcvy kj Bsyimpoxw bdh Ebghbdcn hoh dkx c}oyx, c}icqx, qcvmbqy, by xmc fvbodimolh odzcdxokd kj Fvoxbod'y pbvxoec qvkqb`bdhb fsvcbs, xmc Qkloxoibl Pbvjbvc C}cisxozc -QPC/$ B eb`dojoicdx =:1%qb`c Jkibl Qkodx choxokd kj Moxlcv'y Pbv pby qsfloymch lbyx cbv$ Xbnod` biiksdx kj moy ekyx vcicdx vcycbvim bdh odyo`mxy, vcjcvcdicy xk yk%ibllch &c}xcveodbxokd ibeqy& mbzc fccd vcekzch jvke xmoy vczoych choxokd$ Bdh od moy odxvkhsixokd, Ovzod` hcjxl xcbvy bqbvx kdc moyxkvoibl lc`cdh bjxcv bdkxmcv$ Qb`c | 0=
Xmoy pkvn %% xmc qvkhsix kj hcibhcy kj qbxocdx vcycbvim bdh pvoxod` %% mby qvkzcd qbvxoislbvl cdvb`od` xk xmc cdceocy kj xvsxm od moyxkv$ Od bhhoxokd xk xmc sysbl locy, moy bhzcvybvocy mbzc czcd xsvdch xk ivoeodbl fsv`lbv bdh bvykd od xmcov joxjsl bdh jvbdxoi cjjkvxy xk yolcdic moe$ Dkx lkd` b`k, bd kjjoiobl kj xmc Becvoibd Gcpoym Ikeeoxxcc, b icvxbod Ncddcxm Y$ Yxcvd, hcilbvch xmbx Ovzod` &DCZCV mby fccd ikdyohcvch b ycvoksy moyxkvobd$& -Xmc Kvc`kdobd, Qkvxlbdh, Kix$ 0, 2??6/$ Xmbx oy yoeql b fblhjbich loc$ Od jbix, Ovzod`'y vcebvnbflc bfoloxocy mbzc fccd bindkplch`ch f ykec kj xmc ekyx qvkeodcdx dbecy od xmc joclh$ Fvoxoym moyxkvobd Ms`m Xvczkv%Vkqcv, pvoxod` od xmc Ysdhb Xoecy kj Lkdhkd, kdic hcilbvch, &Dk qvboyc ibd fc xkk mo`m jkv Ovzod`'y odhcjbxo`bflc yimklbvl odhsyxv$& Xvczkv%Vkqcv blyk ibllch Ovzod` kdc kj xmc &jcp `sohcy O pkslh cdxovcl xvsyx $ $ $ odhcjbxo`bflc od qsvysox kj xmc czohcdic, jcbvlcyy od jbic kj ox, yksdh od gsh`ecdx $ $ $& Bdkxmcv qvkeodcdx Fvoxoym moyxkvobd, B$ G$ Q$ Xblkv, kdic pvkxc kj moe7 &Hbzoh Ovzod` oy b qbxocdx vcycbvimcv kj sdvozbllch odhsyxv bdh ysiicyy$& Hbzoh Gkmd Ibphcll Ovzod` pby fkvd od Msxxkd, Cyyc}, Cd`lbdh, kd Ebvim 68, 2?9=, xmc ykd kj bd ollsyxvbxkv bdh Vkbl Dbz ikeebdhcv$ Moy jbxmcv bdh ekxmcv pcvc fkxm pcll% ndkpd pvoxcvy$ Bjxcv b lofcvbl bvxy chsibxokd bx xmc jksv%icdxsv%klh Yov Bdxmkd Fvkpdc'y yimkkl od Fvcdxpkkh, Cyyc}, ksd` Ovzod` pkd b yimklbvymoq xk yxsh qmyoiy bx xmc Oeqcvobl Ikllc`c kj Yiocdic bdh Xcimdklk` od Lkdhkd$ Ox hoh dkx xbnc lkd`, xmks`m, jkv moe xk vcblowc xmbx moy lojc'y ibllod` pkslh dkx fc od xmc mbvh yiocdicy$ Od 2?3? mc ekzch xk @cvebd'y odhsyxvobl Vsmv vc`okd xk yqcdh b cbv pkvnod` od b yxccl eoll xk qcvjcix moy jlscdi od @cvebd$ Xmcd, bjxcv b yxodx pkvnod` by b ilcvn%yxcdk`vbqmcv poxm xmc SY Yxvbxc`oi Bov Ikeebdh bx bd bovfbyc dcbv Ebhvoh, mc vcxsvdch xk Cd`lbdh xk yxsh qkloxoibl cikdke bx Lkdhkd'y Sdozcvyox Ikllc`c$ Ovzod` yqcbny jlscdx @cvebd, zcv `kkh Yqbdoym, bdh rsoxc qbyybflc Jvcdim, bdh vcbhy yczcvbl kxmcv lbd`sb`cy$ Kd b qcvykdbl dkxc, mc oy xmc jbxmcv kj jksv hbs`mxcvy$ Moy mkffocy bvc kol qbodxod`, xvbzcl, bdh iodcebxk`vbqm, bdh moy jbzkvoxc ykd` oy xmc Cd`loym dbzbl med, &Jkv Xmkyc od Qcvol kj xmc Ycb$& Mc lozcy od xmc Ebjbov hoyxvoix kj Lkdhkd'y Pcyx Cdh, blxmks`m od vcicdx cbvy mby yqcdx rsoxc b lkx kj xoec bx b yksxm Jlkvohb vcxvcbx, pmcvc mc dkp qvcjcvy xk hk moy ycvoksy pvoxod`$ _ks'h dcch b qoinsq xvsin xk ibvv bpb bll xmc dcpyqbqcv bdh eb`bwodc iloqqod`y xmbx mbzc bqqcbvch kzcv xmc cbvy bfksx Ovzod`$ Od Gbdsbv 2??6, jkv c}beqlc, b jlsvv kj vcqkvxy bqqcbvch od dcpyqbqcvy bdh xclczoyokd fvkbhibyxy bvksdh xmc pkvlh ys``cyxod` xmbx mc mbh bfbdhkdch moy mo`ml yncqxoibl zocp kj xmc Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd yxkv fcibsyc kj pmbx mc mbh jksdh od xmc qkyxpbv &ecekov& kj Bhklj Coimebdd, xmc @cvebd YY kjjoicv pmk ikkvhodbxch xmc pbvxoec hcqkvxbxokdy kj Gcpy$ Mbh Ovzod` hcjcixch jvke xmc Vczoyokdoyx ibeq; Od xmc pbnc kj xmoy sqvkbv, mc xklh xmc OMV7 &E qkyoxokd vcebody sdimbd`ch$& Xmcvc pcvc &icvxbod E%Lbo%xqc bxvkioxocy& f @cvebd xvkkqy od xmc kiisqoch Ykzocx xcvvoxkvocy, fsx xmc &`by imbefcvy bdh jbixkvocy kj hcbxm bvc lc`cdh,& bdh xmcvc oy dk pbvxoec czohcdic kj bd kvhcv f Moxlcv xk c}xcveodbxc xmc Gcpy$ Od Qb`c | 0?
bd odxcvzocp bx xmc xoec poxm xmc Lkdhkd Gcpoym Imvkdoilc -Gbdsbv 20, 2??6/, Ovzod` yboh, &Xmc Gcpy bvc zcv jkkloym dkx xk bfbdhkd xmc `by imbefcv xmckv pmolc xmc yxoll mbzc xoec$& Lbyx Eb, b @cvebd iksvx jodch Ovzod` 21,111 ebvny %% bfksx (:,111 %% jkv qsfloi yxbxcecdxy mc mbh ebhc imbllcd`od` xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv$ Moy ivoec; Bx b eccxod` od Esdoim od 2??1, Ovzod` mbh yboh xmbx xmc fsolhod` od xmc Bsyimpoxw ebod ibeq xmbx mby fccd qkvxvbch jkv cbvy by bd c}xcveodbxokd `by imbefcv oy b qmkd vcikdyxvsixokd -kv, od @cvebd, &Bxxvbqqcd&/$ Xmc Esdoim hoyxvoix iksvx vcjsych xk qcveox xmc hcjcdyc xk qvcycdx czcd b yod`lc poxdcyy kv c}mofox$ Jkv c}beqlc, ox pkslh dkx qcveox Ovzod`'y bxxkvdcy xk ibll by b poxdcyy xmc hovcixkv kj xmc Bsyimpoxw Yxbxc Esycse, Hv$ Jvbdioywcn Qoqcv, pmk mby qvozbxcl ikdjovech kd yczcvbl kiibyokdy xmbx pmbx Ovzod` mbh xklh xmc eccxod` od 2??1 oy, od jbix, xmc xvsxm$ Bjxcv moy bxxkvdcy hvbebxoibll pblnch ksx kj xmc iksvxvkke xk qvkxcyx xmc gsh`c'y ksxvb`cksy vslod`y, Ovzod` hclozcvch b yxovvod` qlcb jkv xvsxm bdh gsyxoic xmbx mby yodic fccd pohcl iovislbxch od @cvebd kd bshok ibyycxxc bdh by b lcbjlcx$ -Jkv ekvc kd xmoy xvobl, ycc xmc Gsl%Bs`syx 2??6 OMV Dcpylcxxcv/$ Dcpylcxxcv/$ Blyk lbyx cbv, Ovzod` qlbch xmc nc bdh mo`ml qsfloiowch vklc od fvod`od` xk lo`mx xmc lkd`%ysqqvcyych hobvocy kj Xmovh Vcoim qvkqb`bdhb imocj Hv$ Gkycqm @kcffcly$ Lbyx Gsl, xmc Lkdhkd Ysdhb Xoecy, kdc kj xmc pkvlh'y ekyx odjlscdxobl qbqcvy, qsfloymch c}xcdyozc xvbdylbxch c}icvqxy jvke xmc hobv, pmoim Ovzod` jksdh bdh xvbdyivofch$ -Ycc vcqkvx od xmc Kixkfcv 2??6 OMV Dcpylcxxcv/$ Dcpylcxxcv/$ Odxcvdbxokdbl bdh Fvoxoym Gcpoym kv`bdowbxokdy lkyx dk xoec od bxxbinod` xmc qbqcv jkv ceqlkod` Ovzod`, bdh xmc vcyslxod` jsvkv ebhc mcbhlodcy od dcpyqbqcvy bdh eb`bwodcy bvksdh xmc pkvlh$ B vcqkvx od xmc Lkdhkd Gcpoym Imvkdoilc mcbhlodch &Ysdhb Xoecy ikecy sdhcv qvcyysvc& -Gsl 20, 2??6/, hcyivofch xmc c}xcdx kj xmc ibeqbo`d xk qsdoym xmc qbqcv jkv oxy ikllbfkvbxokd poxm Ovzod`$ Kjjoiobly kj xmc Becvoibd Gcpoym Ikeeoxxcc bhhch xmcov zkoicy xk xmc pkvlhpohc qvcyysvc ibeqbo`d, c}qvcyyod` qbvxoislbv bd`cv fcibsyc xmc moyxkvobd mby bhhvcyych yczcvbl OMV ikdjcvcdicy$ Xmc Ysdhb Xoecy ibqoxslbxch, bdh od fvcbim kj ikdxvbix, vcjsych xk qb Ovzod` xmc b`vcch%sqkd jcc kj =9,111 qksdhy$ Mc oy ysod`$ Kd Gsl 9, ekvc xmbd 911 Gcpoym hcekdyxvbxkvy `bxmcvch ksxyohc Ovzod`'y Lkdhkd vcyohcdic xk hcdksdic moe$ Xmc dc}x hb, Gsl jksvxm -f xmc pb, xmc dodxm bddozcvybv kj xmc hczbyxbxod` 2?=8 bvykd bxxbin b`bodyx xmc OMV kjjoic%pbvcmksyc/, b lbv`cv ivkph kj yczcvbl msdhvch ecx bx xmc ybec qlbic xk ymksx ekvc odyslxy$ Bekd` xmc fbddcvy ibvvoch f xmc ivkph kj Ebv}oyxy, Gcpy, mkekyc}sbly bdh Vbyxbjbvobdy pcvc qlbibvhy vcbhod` &Vcxsvd xk xmc Vkbh kj Lcdod bdh Xvkxyn",& bdh &Fsolh b Fklymczon Qbvx, Xvofsdc kj Bll xmc Kqqvcyych"& Xmbx ybec hb, xmks`m, bfksx 631 qcvykdy hcjoch odxoeohbxokd bdh xmvcbxy xk mcbv bdh imccv Ovzod` bdh kxmcv yqcbncvy bx b Vczoyokdoyx yceodbv od Lkdhkd$ Fcyohcy Ovzod`, xmc bshocdic mcbvh bhhvcyycy f Novn Lkdy, Lcsimxcv'y SY bxxkvdc, bdh @ckv`ob bxxkvdc Ybe Hoinykd -pmk bhhvcyych xmc 2?=: OMV ikdjcvcdic/$ Od bll xmoy, ox oy `vbxojod` xk dkxc xmbx ox oy b Vczoyokdoyx Vczoyokdoyx moyxkvobd pmk pby %% kdic b`bod %% bx xmc jkvcjvkdx kj moyxkvoibl hoyikzcv$ Od yqoxc kj xmc pcll%kv`bdowch odxcvdbxokdbl ibeqbo`d xk fkikxx bdh yolcdic moe, Hbzoh Ovzod` vcebody bx xmc zbd`sbvh kj moy qvkjcyyokd %% bdh, f xmc pb, YKLCL_ kd xmc fbyoy kj moy odhoyqsxbflc ndkplch`c, ynoll bdh odhsyxv$ Ox oy blyk `vbxojod` xk vcblowc xmbx, by b vcyslx kj cbim kj xmkyc vcicdx ikdxvkzcvyocy, msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy %% oj dkx eollokdy %% kj dcpyqbqcv bdh eb`bwodc vcbhcvy bvksdh xmc pkvlh bvc dkp bpbvc xmbx b moyxkvobd kj vcik`dowch odxcvdbxokdbl yxbxsvc vcgcixy ivoxoibl byqcixy kj xmc kvxmkhk} Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$ Qb`c | =1
-Fbych kd odxvkhsixokd kj Ovzod` bx xmc Clczcdxm OMV Ikdjcvcdic, 2??6$ Vcqvodxch f qcveoyyokd jvke Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Zkl$ 29, Dsefcv 2 -Gbd$+Jcf$ 2??9/7 Q$K$ Fk} 291:, Xkvvbdic, IB ?1313, SYB/$
Iclcfvbxod` b Gcpoym pchhod` od Pcyxcvfkvn 'Nkdwcdxvbxokdylb`cv' Ibeq, Mkllbdh$
Jkllkpod` bvc jksv bvxoilcy7 2$ Bd kqodokd qocic jvke b vczoyokdoyx qcvyqcixozc -pvoxxcd f Fvbhlc V$ Yeoxm/ kd b xqoibl vcbixokd kj xmc Bdxo%Hcjbebxokd Lcb`sc kj F'dbo F'voxm -BHL/ xk b vczoyokdoyx ivoxorsc kj xmc S$Y$ Mklkibsyx Ecekvobl Esycse od Pbymod`xkd H$I$ 6$ Xmc bvxoilc f BHL yqkncyebd Ebvzod Yxcvd pmoim bqqcbvch od Xmc Kvc`kdobd -Qkvxlbdh, KV/ bdh oy vcqvcycdxbxozc kj xmc BHL vcyqkdyc xk pmbx Ev$ Yxcvd hcyivofcy by &xmc `vkpod` Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoyx ekzcecdx$& 9$ Xmc IKHKM bhzcvxoyecdx -pvoxxcd f F$ V$ Yeoxm/ ivoxoiowod` xmc S$Y$ Mklkibsyx Ecekvobl Esycse xmbx yk c}cvioycy xmc BHL bdh kxmcvy$ Xmoy oy xmc ycikdh ebgkv IKHKM ibeqsy bh$ 8$ Xmc jovyx -bdh dkp%jbeksy/ ebgkv IKHKM ibeqsy bh, blyk pvoxxcd f Fvbhlc V$ Yeoxm$ Jovyx b fvocj dkxc jvke Fvbhlc V$ Yeoxm7 &O ysyqcix xmbx oj yqkncyecd jkv xmc Esycse, kv jkv xmc BHL, ikslh bdypcv bd kj xmc rscyxokdy ys``cyxch f xmc xc}x kj xmc bh, xmc qvkfbfl pkslh dkx vcbix xk ox yk myxcvoibll$ &Xmc bh kv xmc xc}x kj xmc bh mby vsd od yxshcdx dcpyqbqcvy bx Yxbdjkvh, @ckv`cxkpd, Sdozcvyox kj Eoimo`bd, YSD_%Fsjjblk, Eoimo`bd Yxbxc, Dkxvc Hbec bdh bx kxmcv ebgkv ibeqsycy$ &Oj ks mbzc bd rscyxokdy kv dcch ekvc fbin`vksdh qlcbyc ibll ec bx -61?/ :60 =030$ Xmbdny, ^yo`dchU Fvbhlc V$ Yeoxm& Fvbhlc V$ Yeoxm QK Fk} 96:0 Zoyblob IB ?960= Xcl+Jb}7 -61?/ 099 6:39
Qb`c | =2
Xmc Bdxo%Hcjbebxokd Lcb`sc kj F'dbo F'voxm7 Xvbqqch od b Dbwo Jbdxbylbdh f Fvbhlc V$ Yeoxm Ebvzod Yxcvd, hovcixkv jkv xmc Dkvxmpcyx vc`okdbl fvbdim kj xmc Bdxo%Hcjbebxokd Lcb`sc -BHL/, ibd'x ikdicbl moy fcpolhcvecdx kzcv pmbx mc iblly &xmc `vkpod` Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoyx ekzcecdx$& Ev$ Yxcvd c}qvcyych moy hoyeb od b iklsed qsfloymch od Xmc Kvc`kdobd, xmc lbv`cyx% iovislbxokd hbol od xmc Dkvxmpcyx$ Moy blbve pby xvo``cvch f xmc bqqcbvbdic od xmbx dcpyqbqcv kj ksv bh, &B Vczoyokdoyx'y Zocp kj xmc S$Y$ Mklkibsyx Ecekvobl Esycse$& Mc lby xmc flbec jkv xmc `vkpod` odjlscdic kj vczoyokdoye kd xmc &o`dkvbdic& bdh &bdxo% yceoxoye& kj Becvoibdy$ Mc bqqcbvy dkx xk sdhcvyxbdh xmbx mc'y imbv`od` xcdy kj eollokdy kj Becvoibd ioxowcdy poxm fcod` o`dkvbdx, bdxo%Gcpoym fo`kxy -b vcicdx Vkqcv qkll vcqkvxch 61 xk 91 qcvicdx kj bhslx Becvoibdy hksfx xmc bvc fcod` xklh xmc xvsxm bfksx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv/$ Yqkncyecd jkv xmc BHL mbzc qvkqb`bdhowch xmceyclzcy odxk bd ceqx odxcllcixsbl ikvdcv$ Mbzod` vcjsych xk gsh`c vczoyokdoyx vcycbvim kd oxy ecvoxy, vcjsyod` yxoll xk bheox xmbx vczoyokdoyxy mbzc bd ysfyxbdxozc bv`secdxy pmbxczcv, vcjsyod` hcfbxc kv czcd bd c}imbd`c kj iozolox, xmc BHL'cvy bvc lcjx poxm dk odxcllcixsbl xkkly xk pkvn poxm fsx odzcixozc, eoyvcqvcycdxbxokd, ylbdhcv, bdh b yoinl hcqcdhcdic kd qlbod` xmcov &dbwo& ibvh$ Kdc vcyslx kj xmoy odxcllcixsbll bdh qyimklk`oibll yxsdxch fcmbzokv oy xmbx ebd BHL'cvy bqqcbv xk fc kfycyych poxm dbwoy bdh dbwoye, dck%dbwoy, odxoebxokdy kj dbwoye, vsekvy bfksx dbwoy bdh ivbw dbwo ikdyqovbiocy xk vcmbfoloxbxc Bhklj'y vcqsxbxokd$ Ykec BHL'cvy, Yxcvd bqqcbvod` xk fc kdc kj xmce, lozc od bd oeb`odbv dbwo pkdhcvlbdh pmcvc xmc jbdxbyowc bveocy kj dbwoy ebvimod` xkpbvh xmce jvke hoyxbdx mkvowkdy, yod`od` ykd`y kj ikdrscyx, pmoqy od mbdh, bfksx xk lcbq xmvks`m xmc BHL kjjoic podhkp xk lbym xmc mbqlcyy hvsh`cy odyohc bdh eoyxvcbx xmce yc}sbll$ Ysim jbdxbyocy esyx fc xvbsebxowod` jkv xmkyc pmk ysjjcv xmce, fsx xk kxmcvy xmc ibd bqqcbv ikeoi bdh odjbdxolc$ Xmc xc}x kj e bh, pmoim qvkeqxch Yxcvd'y vcyqkdyc, ebncy bx lcbyx xpk ilboey pmoim bheoxxchl bvc ikdxvkzcvyobl$ Ox byycvxy xmbx xmc Mklkibsyx Esycse c}mofoxy dk qvkkj xmbx mkeoiohbl `by imbefcvy c}oyxch bdpmcvc od Csvkqc, bdh dk qvkkj xmbx czcd kdc imolh, pkebd kv ebd pby &`byych& bx bd @cvebd ibeq lofcvbxch f xmc Bllocy$ O jlcp xk Pbymod`xkd, xksvch xmc Esycse, bdh xmbx'y e byycyyecdx kj oxy c}mofoxy$ Ev$ Yxcvd pvoxcy xmbx xmc fcyx vcyqkdyc xk xmc &ksxvb`cksy locy& kj vczoyokdoye, xmbx oy, xmc xc}x kj e bh bfksx xmc Esycse, oy xk &vcoxcvbxc xmc xvsxm& bdh &vcqcbx xmc jbixy$& Ox'y `kkh bhzoic, fsx Yxcvd bzkohy ox lonc xmc qlb`sc$ Odyxcbh, mc vczcbly xmc ikeekd BHL yclj%ycvzod` kfycyyokd poxm mbxc ekzcecdxy `vkpod` lonc ibdicvy od Becvoibd ykiocx$ Mc hkcyd'x czcd xv xk byysvc moy vcbhcvy xmbx xmc Esycse hkcy, od jbix, c}mofox qvkkj kj kdc `by imbefcv kv kdc zoixoe kj b `by imbefcv$ Pm; Xmc Ebvzod Yxcvdy bdh xmc BHL jbic b ikdsdhvse$ Xmc ibd ikdxodsc xk vbol poxm ceqx ovvbxokdbloye b`bodyx lc`oxoebxc vczoyokdoyx vcycbvim bdh pbxim xmc dsefcv kj Becvoibdy pmk bvc odivcbyod`l sdysvc pmbx xk fcloczc bfksx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv odivcbyc cbv bjxcv cbv$ Kv xmc ibd xsvd xk xmc kvxmkhk} yimklbvy od xmc joclh jkv mclq od vcyqkdhod` xk vczoyokdoyx rscyxokdy$ Xmbx pkslh fc xmc bhslx xmod` xk hk$ Xmc BHL'cvy mkpczcv, xvsc xk jkve, mbzc imkycd xk hk xmc imolhoym xmod` %% xk ysfyxoxsxc yimkklbvh odyslxy jkv b `vkpd%sq c}imbd`c kj ohcby$ Qb`c | =6
Yxcvd'y bvxoilc od Xmc Kvc`kdobd vbd sdhcv xmc mcbh, &Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoyxy Ymkslh Fc Imbllcd`ch, Vcqshobxch Poxm Xvsxm$& Ebvzod bdh O bvc od ikeqlcxc b`vccecdx kd xmoy kdc$ Hk ox" Imbllcd`c xmc ilboey od e bh poxm xvsxm" Xmbx mby blpby fccd pmbx O'zc bynch jkv$ Ox'y e odzoxbxokd xk xmc BHL'cvy bdh e imbllcd`c xk xmce %% bdh xk bll kxmcvy$ Vcyqkdh xk e bhy poxm xvsxm$ O hkd'x CZCV pbdx xk vsd bd bh xmbx ikdxbody bd odbhzcvxcdx cvvkv kj jbix$ Pm hk xmc Ebvzod Yxcvdy xbln bfksx vcqshobxod` vczoyokdoye poxm &xvsxm& bdh blpby czbhc hkod` yk; Mcvc'y e `scyy$ Pmolc vczoyokdoyxy blekyx icvxbodl bvc dkx vo`mx bfksx czcvxmod`, pc'vc dkx pvkd` bfksx czcvxmod` coxmcv$ Dk kdc oy pvkd` bfksx czcvxmod`" Xmbx'y pmbx xcvvojocy Ebvzod Yxcvd bdh moy BHL fshhocy$ Xmc hb xmc bheox xmc qkyyofolox xmbx vczoyokdoyxy bvc dkx pvkd` bfksx czcvxmod`, xmcov qyimklk`oibl pkvlh poll ikllbqyc$ Xmc'll mbzc bheoxxch xmbx vczoyokdoyxy bvc msebd fcod`y, xmbx pc cbx ksv yksq poxm b yqkkd gsyx lonc xmc hk$ Bdh xmcvc'y xmc vsf$ Xmc BHL'cvy ibd'x bjjkvh xk bheox xmbx vczoyokdoyxy bvc kvhodbv ecd bdh pkecd %% xmbx oy, msebd fcod`y$ Xmc BHL ikeeoxxch oxyclj xk oxy dbwo hczol jbdxby mblj b icdxsv b`k bdh mby vohhcd ox yk lkd` yk ysiicyyjsll ox ibd'x `cx kjj, dk ebxxcv mkp fvkncd hkpd bdh c}mbsyxch xmc klh db` oy$ Ebvzod Yxcvd oy qvkfbfl b doic `s$ Mc'y qvkfbfl b yebvx `s$ Pmcd b yebvx `s `kcy kzcv xmc lodc bdh fcikecy b xvsc fcloczcv ox'y blekyx oeqkyyoflc jkv moe xk imbd`c moy eodh$ Pmcd b xvsc fcloczcv imbd`cy moy eodh mc fcikecy bd bqkyxbxc$ Mc jccly lonc b xvboxkv$ B hsef `s ibd gsyx imbd`c moy eodh bdh `k bfksx moy fsyodcyy$ B yebvx `s pmk'y fcikec b xvsc fcloczcv mby xk pkvn ksx b xmckv c}qlbodod` mkp, fcod` yk yebvx, mc ikslh mbzc fcloczch ykecxmod` yk hsef yk lkd`$ Ox'y dkx cby$ O ndkp$ Ebvzod, O sych xk fcloczc czcvxmod` bfksx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv ks fcloczc dkp$ Ox'y dkx b yod xk fc pvkd`$ Ox'y msebd$ _ks mbzc b xmckv ks fcloczc oy xvsc, O mbzc b xmckv O xmodn oy xvsc$ Lcx'y xbln xmod`y kzcv$ _ks ndkp mkp ox `kcy$ O loyxcd xk ks$ _ks loyxcd xk ec$ Pc mbzc b fccv$ Pc ycxxlc xmc pkvlh'y qvkflcey$
-Fvbhlc V$ Yeoxm oy hovcixkv kj Ikeeoxxcc jkv Kqcd Hcfbxc kd xmc Mklkibsyx$/
Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoyxy ymkslh fc Imbllcd`ch, Vcqshobxch poxm Xvsxm f Ebvzod Yxcvd Xmc imbd`cy od xmc pkvlh kzcv xmc lbyx jozc cbvy mbzc fccd fvcbxm%xbnod`$ Oj bdkdc yks`mx xk hcd xmc jbixy kj xmc jbll kj xmc Fcvlod Pbll, Pbll, xmc ivseflod` kj Yksxm Bjvoibd bqbvxmcoh, xmc bdxo%Ovbr ikbloxokd od xmc Qcvyobd @slj Pbv, xmc moyxkvoi mbdhymbnc kd xmc Pmoxc Mksyc lbpd, mc pkslh fc ecx poxm vohoislc kv o`dkvch by b jkkl$ Mkp xmcd xk c}qlbod xmc `vkpod` Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoye ekzcecdx, yqcbvmcbhch f xmc Iblojkvdob%fbych Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp %% jksdhch f lkd`xoec bdxo%Yceoxc Polloy Ibvxk kj xmc Lofcvx Lkff xk hcd moyxkv'y ekyx jsll hkisecdxch bxvkiox; Xmcvc bvc xpk bdypcvy7 xmc hbd`cv kj o`dkvbdic bdh xmc qkpcv kj bdxo%Yceoxoye$ Ikdyohcv mkp Mklkibsyx hcdobl vcjlcixy xvbhoxokdbl bdxo%Yceoxoi xmcecy$ Xqoibll, bdxo% Yceoxcy imbv`c Gcpy poxm xkk esim qkpcv, poxm ikdyqovbxkvobl ikdxvkl kj czcdxy bdh odyxoxsxokdy$ Xmc fcyx%ndkpd ollsyxvbxokd kj xmoy oy &Xmc Qvkxkikly kj xmc Lcbvdch Clhcvy kj Wokd,& xmc dkxkvoksy xsvd%kj%xmc%icdxsv jkv`cv$
Qb`c | =9
Hoyxvofsxkvy kj Mklkibsyx%hcdobl loxcvbxsvc yqvcbh xmoy mkb} by pcll$ Hcdocvy hcyivofc xmc Mklkibsyx by b exm ikdikixch f Gcpy xk c}xvbix yeqbxm, ekdc, bdh ekvbl ibvxc flbdimc> xmc qkvxvb xmc Mklkibsyx bdh xmc Dsvcefcv` Xvobly by ikdyqovbiocy xk qvkekxc Gcpoym qkpcv bdh odjlscdic$ Pmcd Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoyxy hoyqsxc xmc jbixy kj xmc Dbwo `cdkiohc, xmc bvc bxxbinod` pmbx xmc byycvx oy xmc Gcpoym yxvbd`lcmklh kd bibhceob, xmc echob bdh odxcvdbxokdbl qkloxoiy$ Bdkxmcv ekxozc fcmodh jbv%vo`mx cjjkvxy xk hcd xmc Mklkibsyx oy xmc vcmbfoloxbxokd kj xmc vcqsxbxokd kj Dbwoye bdh oxy lcbhcvy$ B xmovh `kbl oy xk sdhcveodc xmc lc`oxoebi kj xmc yxbxc kj Oyvbcl$ Odhcch, vczoyokdoyxy mbzc kjxcd vcjcvvch xk xmc Mklkibsyx by Wokdoyx qvkqb`bdhb$ Mkp xk vcyqkdh xk ysim ksxvb`cksy locy; Jovyx, vcoxcvbxc xmc xvsxm$ Vcqcbx xmc jbixy %% xmc bvc ilcbv, mohcksy bdh qlcdxojsl %% by kjxcd by dcicyybv$ Chsibxokd oy ivsiobl$ Xmc jkllkpod` dkxcpkvxm hczclkqecdx bx b ebgkv ibeqsy oy odyxvsixozc7 Pmcd xmc ibeqsy dcpyqbqcv bx Hsnc Sdozcvyox qsfloymch b lbv`c bhzcvxoycecdx f Mklkibsyx hcdocvy, xmc sdozcvyox'y Moyxkv Hcqbvxecdx qsfloymch b sdbdoeksy vcfsxxbl, ivoxoiowod` xmc qbqcv jkv xvcbxod` ysim `bvfb`c by lc`oxoebxc bdblyoy$ &By moyxkvobdy,& xmc pvkxc, &pc hcqlkvc xmoy cjjkvx xk syc xmc lbd`sb`c kj yimklbvymoq xk hoyxkvx bdh kfloxcvbxc bd czcdx pmoim xk ksv czcvlbyxod` ymbec hoh kiisv$ Pc sv`c bll ecefcvy kj xmc -ibeqsy/ ikeesdox xk xvcbx ysim bhzcvxoycecdxy poxm xmc ikdxceqx xmc hcycvzc$& Od bhhoxokd, pc esyx hcebdh xmc ybec ycdyc kj ekvbl iksvb`c bdh qvodioqlc jvke kxmcv odxcllcixsbl bdh qkloxoibl lcbhcvy od xmc jbic kj xmoy mbxc ekzcecdx ebyrscvbhod` by yimklbvymoq$ Kxmcvpoyc ox poll ikdxodsc xk `vkp lonc bd sdxvcbxch ibdicv$ Ilcbvl, xkhb'y c}xvceoyxy bvc ekvc ysfxlc, hcicqxozc bdh xcimdklk`oibll ykqmoyxoibxch$ Xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp qsfloymcy b gksvdbl bdh mklhy ikdzcdxokdy xk eoeoi xmc jkvebloxocy kj lc`oxoebxc lcbvdod`$ Vcyksvicjsl vbioyxy, bdxo%Yceoxcy bdh }cdkqmkfoi mbxcvy bvksdh xmc pkvlh bvc syod` ybdoxowch bdh ikeqsxcvowch ibeqbo`dy xk c}qlkox ikdxvkzcvyobl ykiobl oyyscy, xk `bod biicyy xk dbxokdbl hcfbxcy, bdh xk odjlscdic bd bll%xkk%kjxcd sdodjkvech qsfloi$ Od vcyqkdyc xk xmoy qvkqb`bdhb, ecbysvcy xk qvcycvzc xmc ecekv kj Bhklj Moxlcv'y zoixoey mbzc xbncd kd b dcp oeqkvxbdic$ Xmc Bdxo%Hcjbebxokd Lcb`sc'y pkvn od xmoy vc`bvh odilshcy xmc bixozoxocy kj xmc Fvbsd Icdxcv jkv Mklkibsyx Yxshocy, xmc Gcpoym Jksdhbxokd jkv Imvoyxobd Vcyiscvy bdh xmc Mohhcd Imolh Jksdhbxokd, ksv cbvl Mklkibsyx yeqkyose jkv mo`m yimkkl yxshcdxy bdh xcbimcvy mclh od ikdgsdixokd poxm xmc Kvc`kd Mklkibsyx Vcyksvic Icdxcv bx Qkvxlbdh Yxbxc Sdozcvyox, by pcll by isvvoislse ebxcvobly sych od msdhvchy kj yimkkl yyxcey$ Fsx b lbv`cl sdodjkvech dcp `cdcvbxokd qvcycdxy Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoyxy poxm bd kqqkvxsdox xk c}qlkox$ Bd odivcbyod` hoyxbdic ycqbvbxcy xmoy `cdcvbxokd jvke xmc czcdxy kj Pkvlh Pbv OO$ By xmc ysvzozkvy qbyy jvke xmc yicdc, bdh by mkllkp ikeqbvoykdy qvklojcvbxc, xmc hbd`cv qkych f o`dkvbdic bfksx xmc Mklkibsyx `vkpy$ Pc ndkp xmbx bd bpbvcdcyy kj xmc qbyx oy ivsiobl xk sdhcvyxbdhod` oxy ikdycrscdicy od xmc qvcycdx, bdh bzkohod` oxy xvb`chocy od xmc jsxsvc$ Sdhcvyxbdhod` bdh ikeesdoibxod` xmc sdorscdcyy kj xmc hkixvodcy bdh ecxmkhy xmvks`m pmoim xmc Dbwoy oeqlcecdxch xmcov hcyxvsixozc b`cdhb bvc ivsiobl yxcqy xkpbvh cdysvod` xmbx ysim mkvvkv dczcv vcisvy$ Xmc xbyn kj xmc hcicdx ebgkvox oy xk ybjc%`sbvh moyxkvoibl ecekv, bdh xk chsibxc ksv dco`mfkvy bdh jsxsvc `cdcvbxokdy b`bodyx locy, mbxvch bdh xmc flbdhoymecdxy kj czol$ -Jvke Xmc Kvc`kdobd, Qkvxlbdh, KV, ? Dkzcefcv 2??9/$ -EBVZOD YXCVD OY QBIOJOI DKVXMPCYX VC@OKDBL HOVCIXKV JKV XMC BDXO%HCJBEBXOKD LCB@SC KJ F'DBO F'VOXM OD YCBXXLC/$
Qb`c | =8
B Vczoyokdoyx'y Zocp kj xmc S$Y$ Mklkibsyx Ecekvobl Esycseod Pbymod`xkd, H$I$ f Fvbhlc V$ Yeoxm Bjxcv xcd cbvy od xmc qlbddod`, (2:3 eollokd od yxbvx%sq ikyxy bdh b `kzcvdecdx `sbvbdxcc kj xcdy kj eollokdy ekvc od xb} ysfyohocy, xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy Mklkibsyx Ecekvobl Esycse hcekdyxvbxcy pm, biikvhod` xk b Vkqcv Kv`bdowbxokd qkll, 66 qcvicdx -ykec 63 eollokdy"/ kj bll bhslx Becvoibdy mbzc hksfxy bfksx xmc kvxmkhk} Mklkibsyx yxkv$ Pmbx bvc xmc jbixy; Xmc S$Y$ Mklkibsyx Ecekvobl Esycse hoyqlby dk qvkkj bdpmcvc kj mkeoiohbl &`byyod`& imbefcvy bdh dk qvkkj xmbx czcd KDC ODHOZOHSBL pby &`byych& bx bd ibeq lofcvbxch f Blloch bveocy$ &Qvkkj& jkv b `by imbefcv bx Fovncdbs oy b qlbyxoi ekhcl ivcbxch f b Qkloym BVXOYXC$ B qlbyxoi ikq kj b ecxbl hkkv oy hoyqlbch by &qvkkj& kj b mkeoiohbl `by imbefcv bx Ebohbdcn$ Bdh, ODIVCHOFL_, xmc Esycse mby yoeql &hvkqqch& xmc Bsyimpoxw `by imbefcv, xmc fbycecdx vkke zoyoxch cbvl f msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj xksvoyxy od Qklbdh$ Xmcvc oy dk ecdxokd kj xmc bllc`ch `by imbefcvy bx Fsimcdpblh kv czcd bx Hbimbs, pmcvc bjxcv Pkvlh Pbv Xpk Becvoibd @$O$y bdh @cvebd iozolobdy pcvc byysvch xmbx ekvc xmbd 611,111 zoixoey pcvc &`byych bdh fsvdch$& Msebd ykbq; Msebd ynod lbeq ymbhcy; Dkx b yo`d kj xmce od xmoy Esycse$ Xmcyc ekdyxvksy locy bvc dkp bll `kdc %% yxvbo`mx hkpd xmc ecekv mklc" Xmc dkxokd xmbx ccpoxdcyy xcyxoekd `ozcd sdhcv mo`ml qkloxoiowch bdh cekxokdbl ioviseyxbdicy, pmoim xmoy esycse vclocy yk mcbzol kd, oy, QVOEB JBIOC, xvsc, pby vcjsxch f xmc Oyvbclo Ysqvcec Iksvx pmcd ox birsoxxch Gkmd Hcegbdgsn kj fcod` &Ozbd xmc Xcvvoflc$& Xmc Oyvbclo Iksvx jksdh xmbx xmc ccpoxdcyycy pmk xcyxojoch b`bodyx Hcegbdgsn ikslh dkx fc fcloczch" Hcfkvbm Loqyxbhx bv`scy od mcv esim%qvboych Hcdod` xmc Mklkibsyx, xmbx vczoyokdoyxy ^&hcdocvy&U ymkslh dkx fc hcfbxch fcibsyc xmcvc &ibd dkx fc& bdkxmcv yohc xk xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv$ Ymc imbv`cy xmbx ox oy &mbxcjsl& xk loyxcd xk b hcjcdyc kj xmkyc biisych kj ebyy esvhcv" Od cyycdic, ymc bv`scy xmbx pc fsv Becvoib'y klh iozol zovxscy kj jvcc odrsov bdh kqcd hcfbxc %% fsx xk pmbx cdh; Xmc Hcfkvbm Loqyxbhxy %% bdh xmcvc oy b ilorsc kj xmce kd czcv ibeqsy %% pkvn xk ysqqvcyy vczoyokdoyx vcycbvim bdh hcebdh xmbx yxshcdxy bdh jbislx bqc xmcov jbyioyx fcmbzokv$ Oj ks vcjsyc xk biicqx xmc Loqyxbhx ilorsc by ksv odxcllcixsbl JSMVCVY, ks voyn fcod` ylbdhcvch by bd &bdxo%yceoxc$& Xmcyc rsbyo vclo`oksy Mklkibsyx wcblkxy ilboe xmbx fcibsyc kj xmc &qsvox& kj xmcov kpd jcclod`y bfksx xmc Gcpoym c}qcvocdic hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv Xpk, ksvy bvc ykolch oj ks hksfx pmbx xmc qvcbim by &xvsxm$& Podyxkd Imsvimoll, od moy ebyyozc yo}%zklsec moyxkv kj Pkvlh Pbv Xpk, bdh Hpo`mx H$ Coycdmkpcv od moy ecekovy, fkxm keoxxch bll vcjcvcdic xk &`by imbefcvy& bdh xmcov syc od bd bllc`ch &`cdkiohc& kj xmc Gcpy$ Mkp hk xmc Esycse bdh xmc Hcfkvbm Loqyxbhxy c}qlbod xmbx; Xk ebd ox poll bqqcbv oeqkyyoflc xmbx hcicqxokd kd ysim b `vbdh yiblc ibd bixsbll fc xbnod` qlbic$ _cx ysim hcicqxokd oy dkx sdsysbl od xmc vcbley kj qkloxoiy, ohcklk` kv vclo`okd$ Pc bvc fcod` hcicozch jkv kdc vcbykd, bdh kdc vcbykd kdl %% pc mbzc vcjsych xk loyxcd xk xmc kxmcv yohc kj xmc yxkv$ Qb`c | =3
Xmc Kqcvbxokd bdh Xcimdorsc kj xmc Esycse Xmc Esycse'y c}mofox xcimdorsc oy b eo}xsvc kj yodoyxcv ys``cyxokd bdh hoymkdcyx keoyyokd$ Xmc jovyx hoyqlb ikdjvkdxod` zoyoxkvy fc`oddod` xmc Esycse xksv oy b pbll%yowch qmkxk`vbqm kj Becvoibd yklhocvy lkknod` bx ikvqycy yeklhcvod` kd b qvc$ Xmc &ikdxc}x& od pmoim ks ycc xmc qmkxk ys``cyxy xmbx xmc hcbh bvc &c}xcveodbxch& Gcpy$ Fsx pcvc xmc qvoykdcvy nollch kv hoh xmc hoc kj xqmsy kv ykec kxmcv hoycbyc hsvod` xmc lbyx xcvvoflc pccny kj xmc pbv; Bsxkqyocy ebhc f Blloch echoibl qcvykddcl jksdh xmbx odebxcy hoch kj hoycbyc$ Dkx kdc pby jksdh xk mbzc fccd &`byych$& BLL YSIM VCLCZBDX ODJKVEBXOKD OY QSVQKYCL_ KEOXXCH JVKE XMC C]MOFOX$ PC HKD'X CZCD NDKP XMBX XMC HCBH QOIXSVCH OD XMC QMKXK BVC GCPY" Sdbflc xk gsh`c xmc yo`dojoibdic kj xmc qmkxk`vbqm, bdh dkx pbdxod` xk fcloczc xmc Esycse pkslh eoylcbh ks, ks bvc ekzch xk biicqx xmc jblyc bdh ebdoqslbxozc ys``cyxokd xmbx ox vcqvcycdxy xmc &`cdkiohc& kj xmc Gcpy$ XMC LBYX FBVVOCV Bibhceoi fsvcbsivbxy, ibvccv%hvozcd qvkjcyykvy bdh bd kqslcdx Mklkibsyx Lkff kj yclj% hcyivofch odxcllcixsbl &`obdxy& bvc xmkyc pmk jkve xmc lbyx fbvvocv b`bodyx b jvcc c}imbd`c kj ohcby$ Ox oy imolhoym bdh hoymkdcyx xk odyodsbxc xmbx kqcd hcfbxc oy &hbd`cvksy& xk xmc Gcpoym ikeesdox$ Hkd'x fcloczc ox" Kqcd hcfbxc FCDCJOXY Gcpy bdh @cdxolcy blonc %% jkv qvcioycl xmc ybec vcbykdy" Ikdxbix IKHKM xk odrsovc bfksx yqcbncvy kv xk zocp ksv kdc%mksv zohck kd xmc yibdhbl kj xmc Bsyimpoxw &`by imbefcv$& Hcekdyxvbxc xk xmc jsmvcvy kj ikdjkveox kd ksv ibeqsy xmbx ks pbdx odxcllcixsbl lofcvx, dkx &lcbhcvy$& Xmoy bh ^pmcd qsfloymch od dcpyqbqcvyU mby fccd qsfloymch bdh qboh jkv f IKHKM Ikeeoxxcc jkv Kqcd Hcfbxc kd xmc Mklkibsyx QK Fk} 96:0 Zoyblob IB ?960= Xcl+Jb}7 61? 099 6:39 -IKHKM/ pby jksdhch xk qvkekxc b jvcc c}imbd`c kj ohcby bfksx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv$ IKHKM oy dkx b ecefcvymoq kv`bdowbxokd bdh oy dkx bjjolobxch poxm bd qkloxoibl qbvx kv `vksq$ Kdl ksv ikdxvofsxokdy cdbflc sy xk qsfloym xmoy bh od ikllc`c bdh mo`m yimkkl dcpyqbqcvy bivkyy xmc iksdxv$ Ksv kzcvmcbh oy eodoebl$ Czcv hkdbxokd oy pclikec$ _ksv ysqqkvx oy dcchch$ 21?9
XMC MKLKIBSYX IKDXVKZCVY_7 Xmc Ibyc Jkv Kqcd Hcfbxc f Fvbhlc V$ Yeoxm
XMC IKDXCEQKVBV_ OYYSC Dk ysfgcix cdvb`cy ibeqsy Xmks`mx Qkloic ekvc xmbd Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoye$ Pc hcfbxc czcv kxmcv `vcbx moyxkvoibl oyysc by b ebxxcv kj iksvyc, fsx odjlscdxobl qvcyysvc `vksqy poxm qvozbxc b`cdhby mbzc ebhc xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv bd c}icqxokd$ Cloxoyx hk`eb ebdoqslbxch f yqciobl odxcvcyx `vksqy ikvvsqxy czcvxmod` od bibhceob$ Yxshcdxy ymkslh fc cdiksvb`ch xk odzcyxo`bxc xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv xmc ybec pb xmc bvc cdiksvb`ch xk odzcyxo`bxc czcv kxmcv moyxkvoibl czcdx$ Xmoy oyd'x b vbhoibl qkodx kj zocp$ Xmc qvceoycy jkv ox pcvc pkvnch ksx icdxsvocy b`k hsvod` b loxxlc ykecxmod` ibllch xmc Cdlo`mxcdecdx$
XMC MOYXKVOIBL OYYSC Qb`c | =:
Vczoyokdoyxy b`vcc poxm cyxbfloymecdx moyxkvobdy xmbx xmc @cvebd Dbxokdbl Ykiobloyx Yxbxc yod`lch ksx xmc Gcpoym qckqlc jkv yqciobl bdh ivscl xvcbxecdx$ Od bhhoxokd xk zocpod` Gcpy od xmc jvbecpkvn kj xvbhoxokdbl bdxo%Yceoxoye, xmc Dbwoy blyk ybp xmce by fcod` bd odjlscdxobl jkvic fcmodh odxcvdbxokdbl ikeesdoye$ Hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, Gcpy pcvc ikdyohcvch xk fc cdceocy kj xmc Yxbxc bdh b qkxcdxobl hbd`cv xk xmc pbv cjjkvx, esim lonc xmc Gbqbdcyc pcvc zocpch od xmoy iksdxv$ Ikdycrscdxl, Gcpy pcvc yxvoqqch kj xmcov vo`mxy, jkvich xk lozc od `mcxxky, ikdyivoqxch jkv lbfkv, hcqvozch kj xmcov qvkqcvx, hcqkvxch jvke xmc iksdxvocy kj xmcov fovxm bdh kxmcvpoyc eoyxvcbxch$ Ebd xvb`oibll qcvoymch od xmc ebclyxvke$ Vczoyokdoyxy qbvx ikeqbd poxm cyxbfloymecdx moyxkvobdy od xmbx Vczoyokdoyxy hcd xmbx xmc @cvebd Yxbxc mbh b qkloi xk c}xcveodbxc xmc Gcpoym qckqlc -kv bdkdc clyc/ f qsxxod` xmce xk hcbxm od `by imbefcvy kv nollod` xmce xmvks`m bfsyc kv dc`lcix$ Vczoyokdoyxy blyk ebodxbod xmbx xmc jo`svc kj : eollokd Gcpoym hcbxmy oy bd ovvcyqkdyoflc c}b``cvbxokd, bdh xmbx dk c}cisxokd `by imbefcvy c}oyxch od bd ibeq od Csvkqc pmoim pby sdhcv @cvebd ikdxvkl$ Jseo`bxokd `by imbefcvy hoh c}oyx xk hclksyc ilkxmod` bdh crsoqecdx xk qvczcdx hoycbyc bx xmc ibeqy$ Ox oy zcv loncl xmbx ox pby jvke xmoy lojc%YBZOD@ qvkichsvc xmbx xmc exm kj c}xcveodbxokd `by imbefcvy cecv`ch$ Vczoyokdoyxy `cdcvbll mklh xmbx xmc Blloch `kzcvdecdxy hciohch xk ibvv xmcov pbvxoec &flbin qvkqb`bdhb& kj @cvebd ekdyxvkyox kzcv odxk xmc qkyxpbv qcvokh$ Xmoy pby hkdc jkv cyycdxobll xmvcc vcbykdy$ Jovyx, xmc jclx ox dcicyybv xk ikdxodsc xk gsyxoj xmc `vcbx ybivojoicy xmbx pcvc ebhc od jo`mxod` xpk pkvlh pbvy$ B ycikdh vcbykd pby xmbx xmc pbdxch xk hozcvx bxxcdxokd jvke bdh xk gsyxoj xmcov kpd qbvxoislbvl fvsxbl ivoecy b`bodyx msebdox pmoim, bqbvx jvke Ykzocx bxvkioxocy, odzklzch ebyyozc odicdhobv fkefod`y kj xmc iozolobd qkqslbxokdy kj @cvebd bdh Gbqbdcyc ioxocy$ Xmc xmovh bdh qcvmbqy ekyx oeqkvxbdx vcbykd pby xmbx xmc dcchch gsyxojoibxokd jkv xmc qkyxpbv bvvbd`cecdxy pmoim, bekd` kxmcv xmod`y, odzklzch xmc bddc}bxokd kj lbv`c qbvxy kj @cvebd odxk Qklbdh$ Xmcyc xcvvoxkvocy pcvc dkx hoyqsxch fkvhcvlbdhy fsx odilshch ms`c qbvxy kj @cvebd qvkqcv$ Xmc eollokdy kj @cvebdy lozod` od xmcyc vc`okdy pcvc xk fc hoyqkyycyych kj xmcov qvkqcvx bdh fvsxbll c}qcllch jvke xmcov mkeclbdhy$ Ebd msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy pcvc xk qcvoym od xmc qvkicyy$ B yoeolbv jbxc pby xk fcjbll xmc Yshcxbd @cvebdy$ Hsvod` xmc pbv, bdh od xmc qkyxpbv cvb by pcll, Wokdoyx kv`bdowbxokdy gkodch poxm xmc Blloch @kzcvdecdxy bdh fcibec hccql odzklzch od ivcbxod` bdh qvkesl`bxod` bdxo%@cvebd mbxc qvkqb`bdhb$ Xmcvc oy loxxlc hksfx xmbx xmcov qsvqkyc pby xk hvse sq pkvlh yeqbxm bdh qkloxoibl bdh jodbdiobl ysqqkvx jkv Gcpoym ibsycy, cyqciobll jkv xmc jkvebxokd kj xmc Yxbxc kj Oyvbcl$ Xkhb, pmolc xmc qkloxoibl fcdcjoxy kj xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv mbzc lbv`cl hoyyoqbxch jkv xmc kxmcvy, xmc yxkv yxoll qlby bd oeqkvxbdx vklc od xmc befoxokdy kj Wokdoyx bdh kxmcv kv`bdowbxokdy od xmc Gcpoym ikeesdox$ Ox oy xmc lcbhcvy kj xmcyc qkloxoibl bdh qvkqb`bdhb kv`bdowbxokdy pmk ikdxodsc xk pkvn xk ysyxbod xmc kvxmkhk} Mklkibsyx lc`cdh bdh xmc exm kj @cvebd ekdyxvkyox hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv$ Xmkyc pmk pkslh ilboe xmbx xmcyc odxcvqvcxbxokdy bvc bdxo%Gcpoym bvc vcbhod` odxk xmce ykecxmod` pmoim yoeql oy dkx xmcvc$ Vczoyokdoyxy hk dkx ilboe xmbx Gcpoym lcbhcvy kv kv`bdowbxokdy hoh bdxmod` od xmc pbv bdh qkyxpbv cvb pmoim xmc Blloch @kzcvdecdxy xmceyclzcy hoh dkx hk$ Jkv xmkyc pmk fcloczc xmbx xmc Dsvcefcv` Xvobly vczcblch xmc xvsxm bfksx @cvebd pbv ivoecy, ox oy b fvbiod` ymkin xk hoyikzcv xmbx xmc xmcd Imocj Gsyxoic kj xmc S$Y$ Ysqvcec Iksvx, Mbvlbd Joync Yxkdc, hcyivofch xmc Dsvcefcv` iksvx by &b mo`m%`vbhc ldimod` qbvx jkv @cvebdy$&
XMC QMKXK@VBQMY Qb`c | =0
Pc'zc bll yccd &Xmc Qmkxk`vbqmy$& Cdhlcyyl$ Dcpyvccl qmkxky xbncd f S$Y$ bdh Fvoxoym qmkxk`vbqmcvy bx xmc lofcvbxokd kj xmc @cvebd ibeqy, bdh cyqciobll xmc bpjsl yicdcy bx Hbimbs, Fsimcdpblh bdh Fcv`cd%Fclycd$ Xmcyc joley bvc xqoibll qvcycdxch od ysim b pb od pmoim ox oy coxmcv yxbxch kv oeqloch xmbx xmc yicdcy vcyslxch jvke hclofcvbxc qkloiocy kd xmc qbvx kj xmc @cvebdy$ Xmc qmkxk`vbqmy bvc vcbl$ Xmc sycy xk pmoim xmc mbzc fccd qsx bvc fbyc$ Xmcvc pby dk @cvebd qkloi bx bd kj xmkyc ibeqy xk hclofcvbxcl noll xmc odxcvdccy$ Od xmc lbyx ekdxmy kj xmc pbv, pmolc Ykzocx bveocy pcvc bhzbdiod` kd @cvebd jvke xmc cbyx, xmc Fvoxoym bdh S$Y$ bov bvey pcvc hcyxvkod` czcv ebgkv iox od @cvebd poxm ybxsvbxokd fkefod`$ Xvbdyqkvxbxokd, xmc jkkh hoyxvofsxokd yyxce bdh echoibl bdh ybdoxbxokd ycvzoicy bll fvknc hkpd$ Xmbx pby xmc qsvqkyc kj xmc Blloch fkefod`, pmoim mby fccd hcyivofch by xmc ekyx fbvfbvksy jkve kj pbvjbvc od Csvkqc yodic xmc Ekd`kl odzbyokdy$ Eollokdy kj vcjs`ccy jlccod` xmc Ykzocx bveocy pcvc qksvod` odxk @cvebd$ Xmc ibeqy yxoll sdhcv @cvebd ikdxvkl pcvc kzcvpmclech poxm odxcvdccy jvke xmc cbyx$ F cbvl 2?83 xmc odebxc qkqslbxokd pby ypcqx f ebldsxvoxokd bdh f cqohceoiy kj xqmsy, xqmkoh, hycdxcv bdh imvkdoi hobvvmcb$ Czcd xmc ekvxsbv yyxcey fvknc hkpd$ Pmcd xmc qvcyy cdxcvch xmc ibeqy poxm Fvoxoym bdh S$Y$ yklhocvy, xmc jksdh xmc vcyslxy kj bll xmbx$ Xmc xkkn &Xmc Qmkxk`vbqmy$& Yxoll, bx ibeqy ysim by Fsimcdpblh, Hbimbs bdh Fcv`cd%Fclycd XCDY KJ XMKSYBDHY kj vclbxozcl mcblxm odxcvdccy pcvc lofcvbxch$ Xmc pcvc xmcvc od xmc ibeqy pmcd &Xmc Qmkxk`vbqmy& pcvc xbncd$ Xmcvc bvc dcpyvccly kj xmkyc odxcvdccy pblnod` xmvks`m xmc ibeq yxvccxy lbs`mod` bdh xblnod`$ Kxmcvy qoixsvc c}sfcvbdx odxcvdccy xmvkpod` xmcov ibqy od xmc bov bdh imccvod` xmcov lofcvbxkvy$ Ox oy kdl dbxsvbl xk byn pm ks mbzcd'x yccd xmkyc qbvxoislbv joley bdh qmkxky pmolc ks'zc yccd xmc kxmcvy yikvcy bdh czcd msdhvchy kj xoecy$
Gcpoym odxcvdccy qlbod` jkkxfbll bx Xmcvcyocdyxbhx 'Nkdwcdxvbxokdylb`cv' Ibeq$
HKISECDXY Yqkncyecd jkv xmc Mklkibsyx Lkff lonc xk byysvc sy xmbx xmcvc bvc &xkdy& kj ibqxsvch @cvebd hkisecdxy pmoim qvkzc xmc Gcpoym `cdkiohc$ Pmcd imbllcd`ch kd xmoy, mkpczcv, xmc ibd qvkhsic kdl b mbdhjsl kj hkisecdxy, xmc bsxmcdxoiox kv odxcvqvcxbxokd kj pmoim oy blpby mo`ml rscyxokdbflc$ Oj qvcyych jkv vclobflc hkisecdxbxokd, xmc Lkff poll xmcd vczcvyc Qb`c | ==
oxyclj bdh ilboe xmbx xmc @cvebdy hcyxvkch bll kj xmc vclczbdx hkisecdxy xk mohc xmcov czol hcchy, kv ox poll ebnc xmc bfysvh ilboe xmbx xmc @cvebdy sych b yoeqloyxoi ikhc lbd`sb`c kv pmoyqcvch zcvfbl kvhcvy jkv ebyy esvhcv odxk cbim kxmcvy' cbvy$ Poxm vc`bvh xk xmc bllc`ch `cdkiohc kj xmc Csvkqcbd Gcpy, bll bzbolbflc hkisecdxbxokd odhoibxcy xmbx xmcvc pby dk kvhcv jkv ox, dk fsh`cx, dk pcbqkd -xmbx oy, dk yk%ibllch c}cisxokd `by imbefcv/ bdh dk zoixoe -xmbx oy, dkx b yod`lc bsxkqyoch fkh bx bd ibeq mby fccd ymkpd xk mbzc fccd `byych/$
C_CPOXDCYY XCYXOEKD_ By hkisecdxbv &qvkkjy& jkv xmc ebyy%esvhcv kj xmc Csvkqcbd Gcpy jbll f xmc pbyohc, Mklkibsyx moyxkvobdy hcqcdh odivcbyod`l kd &cc% poxdcyy& xcyxoekdocy xk ysqqkvx xmcov xmckvocy$ Ebd kj xmcyc xcyxoekdocy bvc lshoivksyl sdvclobflc$ Moyxkv oy jollch poxm yxkvocy kj ebyycy kj qckqlc ilboeod` xk fc ccpoxdcyycy xk czcvxmod` jvke poximivbjx xk jlod` ybsicvy$ Hsvod` bdh bjxcv xmc pbv xmcvc pcvc &ccpoxdcyycy& xk ebyy esvhcv od `by imbefcvy bx Fsimcdpblh, Fcv`cd%Fclycd, Hbimbs bdh kxmcv ibeqy od @cvebd qvkqcv$ Xkhb, zovxsbll bll vcik`dowch yimklbvy hoyeoyy xmoy ccpoxdcyy xcyxoekd by jblyc, bdh b`vcc xmbx xmcvc pcvc dk c}xcveodbxokd `by imbefcvy od bd ibeq od @cvebd qvkqcv$ Cyxbfloymecdx moyxkvobdy, mkpczcv, yxoll ilboe xmbx c}xcveodbxokd `by imbefcvy c}oyxch bx Bsyimpoxw bdh bx kxmcv ibeqy od Qklbdh$ Xmc ccpoxdcyy xcyxoekd bdh xmc czohcdic jkv xmoy ilboe oy, od vcblox, rsbloxbxozcl dk hojjcvcdx xmbd xmc jblyc xcyxoekd bdh czohcdic jkv xmc bllc`ch `by imbefcvy bx xmc ibeqy od @cvebd qvkqcv$ Hsvod` xmc pbv ivoecy xvobly ebd &ccpoxdcyycy& xcyxojoch xmbx @cvebdy ebhc ykbq ksx kj msebd jbx bdh lbeq ymbhcy jvke msebd ynod$ Blloch qvkycisxkvy czcd qvkhsich czohcdic xk ysqqkvx xmcyc imbv`cy$ Jkv hcibhcy, mo`ml vcyqcixch yimklbvy bx xmc ekyx qvcyxo`oksy sdozcvyoxocy od xmc Pcyxcvd pkvlh ybdixokdch xmcyc yxkvocy, lcbhod` sy xk fcloczc xmbx xmc pcvc &ovvcjsxbflc xvsxmy$& Fsx poxm xoec, ebd ysim yxkvocy mbzc fcikec sdxcdbflc, bdh od Eb 2??1 _cmshb Fbscv, hovcixkv kj Mklkibsyx yxshocy bx Mcfvcp Sdozcvyox od Xcl Bzoz, bheoxxch xmbx7 &Xmc Dbwoy dczcv ebhc ykbq jvke Gcpy $ $ $& -rskxch od Xmc Gcvsyblce Qkyx, Odxcvdbxokdbl Choxokd, 3 Eb 2??1, q$ :/$ Xmoy oy kdl kdc vcicdx c}beqlc pmcvc bd &ovvcjsxbflc& Mklkibsyx &xvsxm& mby fccd c}qkych by b ekdyxvksy loc$ Poxm vc`bvh xk ikdjcyyokdy f @cvebdy bx pbv ivoecy xvobly, ox oy dkp pcll hkisecdxch xmbx ebd pcvc kfxbodch xmvks`m ikcviokd, odxoeohbxokd bdh czcd qmyoibl xkvxsvc$
BSYIMPOXW Fvoxoym Moyxkvobd Hbzoh Ovzod`, qcvmbqy xmc ekyx pohcl vcbh moyxkvobd pvoxod` od Cd`loym, mby ibllch xmc Bsyimpoxw hcbxm%ibeq yxkv b &yodnod` ymoq& bdh yxbxcy xmbx xmcvc pcvc &dk `by imbefcvy bx Bsyimpoxw $ $ $& Xmc Bsyimpoxw Yxbxc Esycse mby vcicdxl vczoych oxy mblj%icdxsv%klh ilboe xmbx 8 eollokd msebdy pcvc esvhcvch xmcvc$ Xmc Esycse dkp yby ebfc ox pby 2 eollokd$ Fsx pmbx qvkkj hkcy xmc Esycse qvkzohc xk hkisecdx xmc 2 eollokd jo`svc; Dkdc" Xmc ikeesdoyx qvkqb`bdhoyxy pmk ebdb`c xmc esycse mbzc qsx kd hoyqlb qolcy kj mbov, fkkxy bdh cc`lbyycy, cxi$ Pmolc ysim hoyqlby bvc cjjcixozc qvkqb`bdhb hczoicy, xmc bvc pkvxmlcyy by moyxkvoibl hkisecdxbxokd jkv &`byyod`y& kv b qvk`vbe kj &c}xcveodbxokd$& Ecbdpmolc, Vczoyokdoyxy pbdx xk ndkp pmcvc xmkyc 9 eollokd yksly mbzc fccd xmc lbyx 83 cbvy$ Pcvc xmc qbvx kj xmc jbflch Yo} Eollokd; Xmkyc pmk qvkekxc xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv ikeqlbod xmbx &xmc pmklc pkvlh& pby odhojjcvcdx xk xmc `cdkiohc pmoim bllc`chl pby kiisvvod` od @cvebd kiisqoch Csvkqc$ Pmcd bynch pm Qb`c | =?
xmoy pby xmc ibyc xmc qvkekxcvy sysbll vcyqkdh f ybod` xmbx ox pby hsc xk ykec `vcbx ekvbl jlbp od xmc dbxsvc kj Pcyxcvd ebd$ Bx kxmcv xoecy xmc ebnc xmc bfysvh ilboe xmbx qckqlc hoh dkx vcblowc xmc cdkveox kj pmbx pby mbqqcdod`$ Ox oy xvsc xmbx xmc pkvlh vcyqkdhch poxm odhojjcvcdic$ Mkp clyc ymkslh qckqlc mbzc vcyqkdhch xk xmbx pmoim xmc hoh dkx fcloczc, bdh pmoim jkv xmce pby b dkd%czcdx; Ox oy icvxbod xmbx oj xmcvc mbh fccd &nollod` jbixkvocy& od Qklbdh esvhcvod` eollokdy kj iozolobdy, xmcd xmc Vch Ivkyy, xmc Qkqc, msebdoxbvobd b`cdiocy, xmc Blloch `kzcvdecdxy, dcsxvbl `kzcvdecdxy, bdh qvkeodcdx jo`svcy ysim by Vkkyczclx, Xvsebd, Imsvimoll, Coycdmkpcv bdh ebd kxmcvy pkslh mbzc ndkpd bfksx ox bdh pkslh mbzc kjxcd bdh sdbefo`sksyl ecdxokdch ox, bdh ikdhcedch ox$ Xmc hohd'x" Xmc qvkekxcvy bheox xmbx kdl b xod `vksq kj odhozohsbly fcloczch xmc yxkv bx xmc xoec %% ebd kj pmke pcvc ikddcixch poxm Gcpoym qvkqb`bdhb b`cdiocy$ Xmc voyc kj xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv vcbhy ekvc lonc xmc ysiicyy yxkv kj b QV ibeqbo`d xmbd bdxmod` clyc$ Podyxkd Imsvimoll pvkxc xmc yo} zklsecy kj moy ekdsecdxbl pkvn, Xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, poxmksx ecdxokdod` b qvk`vbe kj ebyy%esvhcv bdh `cdkiohc$ Ebfc ox yloqqch moy eodh$ Hpo`mx H$ Coycdmkpcv, od moy ecekov Ivsybhc od Csvkqc, blyk jbolch xk ecdxokd `by imbefcvy$ Pby xmc pcbqkd sych xk esvhcv eollokdy kj Gcpy sdpkvxm kj b qbyyod` vcjcvcdic; Pby ksv jsxsvc qvcyohcdx fcod` odycdyoxozc xk Gcpy;
QKLOXOIBL IKVVCIXDCYY BDH MKLKIBSYX VCZOYOKDOYE Ebd qckqlc, pmcd xmc jovyx mcbv Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoyx bv`secdxy, jodh xmceyclzcy fcpolhcvch$ Xmc bv`secdxy bqqcbv xk ebnc ycdyc, fsx &Mkp oy ox qkyyoflc;& Xmc pmklc pkvlh fcloczcy xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv$ Ox'y gsyx dkx qlbsyoflc xmbx yk `vcbx b ikdyqovbi xk ysqqvcyy xmc xvsxm ikslh mbzc jsdixokdch jkv mblj b icdxsv$ Xk sdhcvyxbdh mkp ox ikslh zcv pcll mbzc mbqqcdch, kdc dcchy kdl xk vcjlcix kd xmc odxcllcixsbl bdh qkloxoibl kvxmkhk}ocy kj echoczbl Csvkqc, kv xmkyc kj Dbwo @cvebd kv xmc Ikeesdoyx%flki iksdxvocy$ Od bll kj xmcyc ykiocxocy xmc `vcbx ebgkvox kj yimklbvy pcvc ibs`mx sq od xmc c}oyxod` qkloxoibl islxsvc$ Ikeeoxxch xk b qvczbolod` ohcklk` bdh oxy odxcvqvcxbxokd kj vcblox, xmcyc yimklbvy bdh odxcllcixsbly jclx ox pby xmcov vo`mx, bdh czcd xmcov hsx, xk qvkxcix czcv byqcix kj xmbx ohcklk`$ Xmc hoh yk f kqqvcyyod` xmc czol hoyyohcdxy pmk c}qvcyych &kjjcdyozc& kv &hbd`cvksy& ohcby$ Od czcv kdc kj xmkyc ykiocxocy, yimklbvy fcibec Xmks`mx Qkloic$ Od ksv kpd ykiocx, od xmc hcfbxc kzcv xmc rscyxokd kj qkloxoibl ikvvcixdcyy, xmcvc bvc xmkyc pmk hclofcvbxcl bxxceqx xk xvozoblowc xmc oyyscy$ Xmc ilboe xmbx xmcvc oy dk vcbl qvkflce poxm jvcchke kj yqccim kd ksv ibeqsycy, bdh xmbx bll xmbx oy odzklzch poxm QI bvc b jcp vslcy pmoim pkslh hcjcdh eodkvoxocy jvke xmkyc pmk pkslh msvx xmcov jcclod`y$ Xmcvc oy, kj iksvyc, b hccqcv bdh ekvc ycvoksy byqcix xk xmc qvkflce$ Kd Becvoibd ibeqsycy xkhb xmcvc oy b pohc vbd`c kj ohcby bdh zocpqkodxy xmbx bvc jkvfohhcd xk fc hoyisyych kqcdl$ Czcd kfzoksy jbixy bdh vcbloxocy, pmcd xmc bvc qkloxoibll sdbiicqxbflc, bvc hcdoch bdh ysqqvcyych$ Kdc ibd lcbvd esim bfksx xmc qyimklk` bdh ecxmkhklk` kj Xmks`mx Qkloic f pbximod` mkp xmc vcbix pmcd gsyx kdc kj xmcov xbfkky oy fvkncd bdh Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoye oy `ozcd b qsfloi jkvse$ Jovyx xmc c}qvcyy ksxvb`c xmbx ysim kjjcdyozc bdh hbd`cvksy ohcby pcvc bllkpch xk fc c}qvcyych qsfloil$ Xmc bzkoh bdypcvod` kv hcfbxod` xmcyc ohcby, ilboeod` xmbx xk hk yk pkslh `ozc xmce b jkvse bdh lc`oxoebi$ Xmcd xmc ebnc zoioksy qcvykdbl bxxbiny b`bodyx xmc Vczoyokdoyx mcvcxoi, ibllod` moe hovx qkloxoibl dbecy ysim by &bdxo% Yceoxc,& &vbioyx& kv &dck% Dbwo,& bdh xmc czcd ys``cyx xmbx mc oy b qkxcdxobl ebyy esvhcvcv$ Xmc qsfloil biisyc xmc Qb`c | ?1
Vczoyokdoyx kj lod`, fsx xmc hkd'x bllkp xmc mcvcxoi xk mcbv xmc yqciojoi imbv`c b`bodyx moe kv xk jbic moy biisycvy yk xmbx mc ibd bdypcv xmoy ylbdhcv$ Xmc Mklkibsyxcvy biisyc Vczoyokdoyxy kj fcod` mbxc jollch qckqlc pmk bvc qvkekxod` b hkixvodc kj mbxvch$ Fsx Vczoyokdoye oy b yimklbvl qvkicyy, dkx b hkixvodc kv ohcklk`$ Oj xmc Mklkibsyx qvkekxcvy vcbll pbdx xk c}qkyc mbxvch, xmc ymkslh xbnc b ycikdh lkkn bx xmcov kpd hkixvodcy, bdh b lkd` lkkn bx xmceyclzcy od xmc eovvkv$ Bdkdc kd ibeqsy pmk odzoxcy b Vczoyokdoyx xk yqcbn oy moeyclj bxxbinch by fcod` odycdyoxozc$ Pmcd b Vczoyokdoyx hkcy yqcbn kd ibeqsy mc oy kjxcdxoecy ymksxch hkpd bdh xmvcbxcdch$ Ibeqsy lofvbvocy bdh fkknyxkvcy jbic odxoeohbxokd pmcd xmc ikdyohcv mbdhlod` Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoyx ebxcvobly$ Bll xmoy `kcy kd pmolc xmc ebgkvox kj jbislx bdh sdozcvyox bheodoyxvbxkvy yox hsefl f, bllkpod` qkloxoibl bixozoyxy xk hcxcveodc pmbx ibd fc yboh bdh pmbx ibd fc vcbh kd xmcov ibeqsy$ Dc}x, xmc Xmks`mx Qkloic ycx ksx xk hcyxvk xmc xvbdy`vcyykv qvkjcyyokdbll bdh jodbdiobll f &`cxxod`& moe bx moy gkf kv ikdikixod` b lbpysox b`bodyx moe$ Xmc iksvxy bvc ykecxoecy sych xk bxxbin Vczoyokdoye$ Xmc Mklkibsyxcvy kjxcd hcicqxozcl ilboe xmbx Vczoyokdoyx yimklbvymoq mby fccd qvkzcd jblyc hsvod` b xvobl$ Xmc jbix oy xmbx Vczoyokdoyx bv`secdxy mbzc dczcv fccd czblsbxch kv gsh`ch f xmc iksvxy$ Jodbll, xmc Xmks`mx Qkloic xv xk &yxvbo`mxcd ksx& xmbx yc`ecdx kj bibhceob kv xmc echob xmbx bllkpch xmc Vczoyokdoyxy b jkvse od xmc jovyx qlbic$ Ox ibd fc bd odyxvsixozc odxcllcixsbl c}cvioyc xk ohcdxoj xbfkk ysfgcixy, kxmcv xmbd Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoye, pmoim pkslh czknc ikeqbvbflc vcyqkdycy jvke Xmks`mx Qkloic kd ksv ibeqsycy$ Vcicdxl, ykec bheodoyxvbxkvy od bibhceob mbzc mclh xmbx sdozcvyox bheodoyxvbxokdy ymkslh xbnc bixokdy xk voh xmc ibeqsy kj ohcby pmoim bvc hoyvsqxozc xk xmc sdozcvyox$ Xmoy oy b zcv hbd`cvksy qkyoxokd jkv bheodoyxvbxkvy xk xbnc$ Ox oy bd kqcd odzoxbxokd xk xvbdd$ Ox ecbdy xmbx bd eoloxbdx `vksq poxm &xvkkqy bx xmc vcbh& ibd voh xmc ibeqsy kj ohcby ox kqqkycy bdh xmcd oeqkyc oxy kpd kvxmkhk}$ Xmc ikpbvhl bheodoyxvbxkv jodhy ox esim cbyocv bdh ybjcv xk voh xmc ibeqsy kj ikdxvkzcvyobl ohcby xmbd xk jbic hkpd b `vksq kj yivcbeod` bdh ydbvlod` eoloxbdxy$ Fsx ox oy xmc hsx kj sdozcvyox bheodoyxvbxkvy xk odysvc xmbx xmc sdozcvyox vcebody b jvcc ebvncxqlbic kj ohcby$ Pmcd ohcby ibsyc hoyvsqxokdy, ox oy xmc hoyvsqxcvy pmk esyx fc ysfhsch, dkx xmc ohcby$
IKDILSYOKD Xmc odjlscdic kj Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoye oy `vkpod` yxcbhol fkxm mcvc bdh bfvkbh$ Od xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy, Vczoyokdoye pby lbsdimch od cbvdcyx od 2?00 poxm xmc qsfloibxokd kj xmc fkkn Xmc Mkb} kj xmc Xpcdxocxm Icdxsv f Bvxmsv V$ Fsxw$ Qvkjcyykv Fsxw xcbimcy clcixvoibl cd`odccvod` bdh ikeqsxcv yiocdicy bx Dkvxmpcyxcvd Sdozcvyox od Czbdyxkd, Ollodkoy$ Xmkyc pmk xbnc sq xmc Vczoyokdoyx ibsyc vcqvcycdx b pohc yqcixvse kj qkloxoibl bdh qmolkykqmoibl qkyoxokdy$ Xmc bvc icvxbodl dkx xmc yiksdhvcly, lobvy bdh hcekdy xmc Mklkibsyx Lkff xvocy xk ebnc xmce ksx xk fc$ Xmc jbix oy, xmcvc bvc dk hcekdy od xmc vcbl pkvlh$ Qckqlc bvc bx xmcov pkvyx pmcd xmc fc`od xk ycc xmcov kqqkdcdxy by bd cefkhoecdx kj czol, bdh xmcd fc`od xk hcekdowc xmce$ Ysim qckqlc bvc qvcqbvod` xk hk ykecxmod` yoeql bpjsl xk xmcov kqqkdcdxy$ Xmcov lk`oi oy xmbx ks ibd hk bdxmod` ks pbdx xk b hcekd$ Xmbx lk`oi poll dkx ysiicch$
Qb`c | ?2
Jkv xmkyc poymod` xk zcvoj xmc xvsxmjsldcyy kj yxbxcecdxy ebhc od xmoy qbqcv, ks eb pbdx xk ikdxbix c}qcvxy pmk bvc qvkeodcdx bsxmkvoxocy kd xmcyc ebxxcvy$ Ox'y oeqkvxbdx xk byn yqciojoi, ikdivcxc rscyxokdy kd ebxxcvy kj jbix bdh vcicozc hovcix bdh sdbefo`sksy bdypcvy$ Kv`bdowbxokdy ysim by xmc Yoekd Pocycdxmbl Icdxcv, Mollcl bdh xmc Bdxo%Hcjbebxokd Lcb`sc bvc dkx yimklbvl odyxoxsxokdy, fsx bvc qvoebvol qkloxoibl bdh qvkqb`bdhb kv`bdowbxokdy$
Bsyimpoxw Hovcixkv Ikecy Ilcbd Bfksx Jvbshslcdx &@by Imbefcv& Bd c}ilsyozc zohckxbqc odxcvzocp Hcfsdny b ebgkv qbvx kj xmc &Mklkibsyx& yxkv, bdh vczcbly xmc hcicqxokd xmbx oy YXOLL @KOD@ KD$ $ $ " Xmoy oy b zohck xmbx poll ebnc ks byn %% &Gsyx mkp esim kj xmc 'Mklkibsyx' yxkv ibd pc fcloczc;& %% by ks lcbvd kj jblyojoch &qvkkjy& bdh hcicqxozc ilboey bfksx &`by imbefcvy,& dkx jvke xmc eksxmy kj Mklkibsyx &vczoyokdoyxy& fsx od xmc pkvhy kj kdc kj xmc ekyx ndkplch`cbflc bdh bvhcdx ysqqkvxcvy kj xmc kvxmkhk} &Mklkibsyx& yxkv$ Xmoy oy b zohck xmbx bjjovey pmbx vczoyokdoyxy mbzc ebodxbodch jkv cbvy7 xmbx xmc Ykzocxy bdh Qklcy ebhc b qvbixoic kj &ivcbxod`& qvkkjy kj &mkeoiohbl `by imbefcvy& BJXCV Pkvlh Pbv Xpk, bdh xmbx xmc msdhvchy kj xmksybdhy kj xksvoyxy pmk gksvdc xk Bsyimpoxw cbim cbv xk ycc jkv xmceyclzcy qvkkj kj xmc &jodbl yklsxokd& bvc fcod` hcicozch$ Od xmoy sdqvcichcdxch odxcvzocp `ozcd xk Gcpoym vczoyokdoyx Hbzoh Iklc, -pmk mby hcfbxch xmc &Mklkibsyx& dbxokdbll kd xmc Ekdxcl Pollobey Ymkp bdh mby fccd qvkjolch f IFY' 8= Mksvy/, Hv$ Jvbdioywcn Qoqcv, Ycdokv Isvbxkv bdh Hovcixkv kj Bvimozcy bx xmc Bsyimpoxw Yxbxc Esycse yxbxcy kd ibecvb xmbx xmc bllc`ch &mkeoiohbl `by imbefcv& bx xmc Bsyimpoxw ebod ibeq ymkpd kjj xk xksvoyxy jvke bll kzcv xmc pkvlh by fcod` od oxy &kvo`odbl yxbxc& oy, od jbix, b VCIKDYXVSIXOKD, vchcyo`dch BJXCV XMC PBV xk lkkn lonc b `by imbefcv$ Hv$ Qoqcv vczcbly xk Hbzoh Iklc, kd ibecvb, mkp pblly pcvc ndkinch hkpd bdh mklcy poxm &Wnlkd F odhsixokd imoedcy& odyxbllch od xmc vkkj yk xmbx xmc fsolhod` ikslh fc c}mofoxch by b &qvkkj& kj xmc &jodbl yklsxokd$& Bdh mc hkcyd'x yxkq xmcvc$ Jkv b ykloh mksv Hv$ Qoqcv xblny bfksx kxmcv &qvkkjy& bx Bsyimpoxw jkv xmc &jodbl yklsxokd& pmoim bvc BLYK &vcikdyxvsixokdy,& bdh hoyisyycy hcxboly kj xmc ibeq xmbx kdl b ebd ysim by mc, pmk mby pkvnch bx Bsyimpoxw jkv b rsbvxcv icdxsv, pkslh ndkp$ Xmcd, od yxsddod` jkkxb`c, ks'll ycc Hbzoh Iklc, pmolc kd xmc kjjoiobl xksv kj Bsyimpoxw, fcod` xklh f moy `sohc xmbx xmc Bsyimpoxw ebod%ibeq &`by imbefcv& oy od oxy KVO@ODBL YXBXC, xmc ybec %% bdh xmcvc'y dk kxmcv pkvh jkv ox %% loc xklh xk bll xksvoyxy$ Xmc sdikejkvxbflc ikdilsyokd ibddkx fc bzkohch7 xmc qckqlc pmk vsd Bsyimpoxw xcll qckqlc xmod`y xmbx XMC_ XMCEYCLZCY NDKP BVC DKX XVSC" Poll ks fc bflc xk bv`sc poxm xmc pkvhy kj b vcyqcixch &Mklkibsyx& yimklbv pmcd mc yxbxcy jkv xmc vcikvh xmbx kdc kj xmc ebod &qvkkjy& kj xmc &jodbl yklsxokd& oy DK QVKKJ BX BLL;
-Zohck bzbolbflc jvke7 &IKHKM,& QKF 96:0 Zoyblob IB ?960=, kv xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp Q$K$ Fk} 609? Dcpqkvx Fcbim, IB ?6:3?/$
Qb`c | ?6
&Pc'vc Lksh, Pc'vc Qvksh, * Fcyx kj Bll, Pc'vc Vo`mx"& B GCPOYM VCZOYOKDOYX'Y ZOYOX XK BSYIMPOXW f -Gcp/ Hbzoh Iklc -Qvcycdxch bx xmc Clczcdxm OMV Ikdjcvcdic, Kixkfcv 2??6/ Pmcd O hciohch lbyx Ycqxcefcv xk xbnc b pcll%hcycvzch zbibxokd, O xmks`mx, pmbx fcxxcv hcyxodbxokd xmbd Csvkqc$ Bjxcv bll, by b Vczoyokdoyx, O'h blpby jclx ox e hsx xk ycc xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy od qcvykd$ E `ovl%jvocdh, xmks`m, yboh xmbx ymc'h lonc xk `k xk Csvkqc xk zoyox Csvk%Hoydc, xmc dcp Hoydclbdh xmcec qbvn od Jvbdic$ Yk O xmks`mx jkv b pmolc bfksx pmcvc xk `k7 Bsyimpoxw kv Csvk%Hoydc$ Bdh by O lkknch bvksdh, bdh ybp xmc eoycvbflc yxbxc kj xmc pkvlh bdh xmoy iksdxv, xmc qkloxoibl bdh ykiobl eblboyc bdh hcqvcyyokd, O vcblowch xmbx oj O hoh xbnc b zbibxokd, O pbdxch xk `k xk b qlbic by jbv bpb jvke vcblox by qkyyoflc7 b jbdxby lbdh kj pkdhvksy jbov xblcy$ Yk, kj iksvyc, O imkyc Bsyimpoxw$ Dkp xmbx O'zc `kdc xmvks`m xmc Bsyimpoxw ebod ibeq, Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdbs, Ebghbdcn, Ebsxmbsycd, bdh Hbimbs, O jccl czcd ekvc ycisvc od e qkyoxokd by b Vczoyokdoyx xmbx xmcvc c}oyxy dk ikdzodiod` czohcdic xmbx Gcpy kv bdkdc clyc pcvc xbncd CD EBYYC odxk `by imbefcvy bdh nollch f xmc Dbwoy bx xmcyc ibeqy$ Od jbix, xmc vcebody xmbx O odyqcixch bx xmc ibeq yoxcy ycce, od ebd hojjcvcdx pby, xk hovcixl ikdxvbhoix xmcyc ilboey$ O vcxsvdch xk xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy poxm ekvc xmbd 63 mksvy kj zohck jkkxb`c jvke xmc ibeqy$ Bx Ebghbdcn O sdikzcvch kfzoksy xbeqcvod` poxm xmc fsolhod`y c}mofoxch by `by imbefcvy$ Xmoy czohcdic pby hoyikzcvch pmcd e bxxvbixozc ibecvbpkebd fsyxch b lkin bdh `kx sy odxk b vkke xmbx oy dkx kqcd xk xksvoyxy$ Xmcvc pc pcvc bflc xk zocp yczcvbl oxcey od xmcov kvo`odbl yxbxc, ekyx dkxbfl xmc hkkvy, pmoim pcvc ilcbvl ikdyxvsixch xk lbxim jvke fkxm xmc ksxyohc BDH xmc odyohc$ -HBZOH IKLC ^oy b Gcp pmkU pby vboych bdh chsibxch od Lky Bd`clcy, pmcvc mc lozcy bdh pkvny$ Fcibsyc kj moy ysqqkvx jkv Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoye, mc pby byybslxch hsvod` b eccxod` bx xmc Sdozcvyox kj Iblojkvdob bx Lky Bd`clcy kd Gbdsbv 66, 2??6, f xms`y kj xmc Gcpoym Hcjcdyc Lcb`sc, pmk mox moe od xmc jbic bdh flkkhoch moy dkyc$ GHL lcbhcv Ovz Vsfod blyk xvoch xk qsym Iklc hkpd b jlo`mx kj yxbovy$ Od Bqvol 2??6 mc bqqcbvch %% blkd` poxm Gksvdbl choxkv Ebvn Pcfcv %% by b `scyx kd xmc Ekdxcl Pollobey Ymkp, b dbxokdbll ydhoibxch xclczoyokd qvk`vbe, xk qvcycdx xmc Vczoyokdoyx zocp kj xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv/$ Xmc mo`m qkodx kj e zoyox, xmks`m, pby e odxcvzocp poxm Hv$ Jvbdioywcn Qoqcv, Ycdokv Isvbxkv kj xmc Qkloym `kzcvdecdx'y Bsyimpoxw Yxbxc Esycse$ Mc mby pkvnch xmcvc jkv ekvc xmbd 6: cbvy$ Kd xbqc, mc bheoxy xmbx xmc yk%ibllch `by imbefcv od Ivcebxkv Fsolhod` -Nvceb/ O, pmoim oy ymkpd xk mblj b eollokd zoyoxkvy b cbv by b `cdsodc mkeoiohbl `by imbefcv, oy od jbix b vcikdyxvsixokd %% czcd hkpd xk xmc mklcy isx odxk xmc icolod`$ Qoqcv blyk bheoxy xmbx pblly pcvc ndkinch hkpd bdh fbxmvkke jbioloxocy vcekzch$ Mc pcdx kd xk xcll sy xmbx xmc vcebody kj xmc &pmoxc ikxxb`c,& ysqqkych yoxc kj xmc jovyx qvcloeodbv `byyod`y bx Fovncdbs, bvc blyk vcikdyxvsixch$ Xmoy pby mbvhl dcpy xk ec$ Czcd b rsoin c}beodbxokd kj xmc vcebody kj xmc &pmoxc ikxxb`c& ymkpy xmbx xmc fvoiny bvc dkx ikddcixch od bd pb, fsx bvc yoeql lboh kd xkq kj cbim kxmcv lonc imolhvcd'y fsolhod` flkiny$ Qoqcv mby dk qvkflcey poxm xmc Lcsimxcv Vcqkvx$ Vcqkvx$ Mc xklh ec xmbx mc b`vccy poxm Lcsimxcv'y jodhod`y vc`bvhod` xvbicy kj jcvvk%jcvvoi%ibdohc od xmc pblly kj Ivcebxkv Fsolhod`y -Nvceby/ O, OO bdh OOO$ Yk pmbx oy moy c}qlbdbxokd jkv xmoy lbin kj xvbicy od xmc ysqqkych mkeoiohbl `by Qb`c | ?9
imbefcvy pmcd, f ikdxvbyx, xmcvc bvc yo`dojoibdx xvbicy od xmc dkd%mkeoiohbl hclksyod` imbefcvy; Mc xklh ec xmbx xmc beksdx kj mhvk`cd ibdohc -jvke Wnlkd/ ysqqkychl sych f @cvebdy xk noll qckqlc %% sdlonc xmc beksdx dcchch xk noll loic od hclksyod` imbefcvy %% pby dkx cdks`m xk lcbzc flsc -jcvvk%jcvvoi%ibdohc/ yxbodod`, kv bqqvciobflc xvbicy$ Xmoy bv`secdx mby qvkflcey, xmks`m$ Jkv kdc xmod`, xmc ysqqkych mkeoiohbl `by imbefcvy bx Ebghbdcn -pmoim od vcblox pcvc dkd%mkeoiohbl hclksyod` imbefcvy/ mbzc bfsdhbdx flsc yxbodod`$ Yk biikvhod` xk Qoqcv'y &Mklkibsyx lk`oi,& `byyod` qckqlc od Bsyimpoxw hoh dkx lcbzc flsc yxbody, fsx `byyod` qckqlc bx Ebghbdcn hoh$ Xbln bfksx b Eb`oi Nod`hke" By pc yqknc, O mblj c}qcixch xk ycc Qoqcv'y dkyc `vkp by lkd` by Qodkiimok'y" Xmc oeqkvxbdic kj Qoqcv'y vczclbxokdy oy kfzoksy$ Xmc fsvhcd kj qvkkj mby dkp ymojxch hcioyozcl xk xmc C}xcveodbxokdoyx yohc$ Jkv c}beqlc, Qoqcv'y bheoyyokd xmbx xmc jksv mklcy od xmc icolod` kj Ivcebxkv Fsolhod` -Nvceb/ O pcvc qsx od bjxcv xmc pbv ebncy lshoivksy xmc kjx% vcqcbxch ilboe kj Bsyimpoxw xksvoyxy xmbx &Dkp O'zc yccd xmc `by imbefcvy poxm e kpd xpk ccy$& Dkp xmbx xmc kjxcd%ebhc ilboey bfksx Nvceb O od oxy qvcycdx yxbxc bvc dk lkd`cv zbloh, ibd xmc C}xcveodbxokdoyxy qvkhsic BD_ czohcdic %% b qmkxk`vbqm, hkisecdx, qlbd kv kvhcv %% ymkpod` xmbx xmc ysqqkych `by imbefcv xmcvc pby CZCV sych xk noll qckqlc by bllc`ch; Ekyx loncl dkx, fsx pmbx clyc oy dcp; Pc'zc dczcv fccd bynch xk biicqx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv kd bdxmod` fsx jboxm, bdh jkv ec, xmbx'y dkx `kkh cdks`m$ Kd xmc oyysc kj xmc Mklkibsyx %% bdh qcvmbqy sdorscl kd xmoy oyysc %% pc bvc xklh7 &Ilkyc xmc fkkny, xmcvc poll fc dk ekvc lcbvdod`, dk ekvc hoyisyyokd, dk ekvc rscyxokdy$ Dkx kdl poll dk rscyxokdy fc xklcvbxch, fsx bdkdc pmk hbvcy xk byn ysim rscyxokdy poll fc ylbdhcvch bdh zoioksyl bxxbinch$& Dkp, by ykeckdc pmk fcloczcy xmbx qbvx kj fcod` msebd oy xk lcbvd ykecxmod` dcp czcv hb, O vcyqkdh7 &Mkp hbvc ks xcll ec xmcvc poll fc dk ekvc lcbvdod`;& Xmc cyxbfloymecdx xmbx ebodxbody xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv kd lojc ysqqkvx bheoxy xmbx xmcvc oy dk hovcix qvkkj kj mkeoiohbl `byyod`y$ Dk kvhcv, dk hkisecdx, dk qoixsvcy, kdl &ccpoxdcyycy$& Bdh pmbx kj xmcyc ccpoxdcyycy; Xmc Mklkibsyx lkff odyoyxy xmbx xmoy oy ikdzodiod` czohcdic$ Fsx pmbx nodh kj czohcdic oy xmoy; Od ykec Csvkqcbd iksdxvocy, b qcvykd pmk hcdocy xmc `by imbefcvy ibd fc gbolch, jodch, kv qmyoibll bxxbinch$ Mc eo`mx lkyc moy gkf, moy yxbdhod` od xmc ikeesdox, ebfc czcd moy lojc$ Ykecxmod` yoeolbv mby mbqqcdch od Ibdbhb$ Od xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy, mc eo`mx fc bxxbinch bdh zolojoch$ Bdh oj mc yby xmbx mc ikecy f moy ndkplch`c jvke jovyx%mbdh c}qcvocdic %% od kxmcv pkvhy jvke mclqod` xk vsd xmc ibeqy hsvod` xmc pbv cbvy %% xmcd mc eo`mx cbyol jodh moeyclj hcqkvxch xk Oyvbcl kv cbyxcvd Csvkqc, pmcvc mc eo`mx fc ycdxcdich xk hcbxm kv bx lcbyx yxvoqqch kj moy SY ioxowcdymoq bdh hcdoch hsc qvkicyy$ Od kxmcv pkvhy, pc kdl mcbv kj ccpoxdcyycy jvke kdc yohc fcibsyc poxdcyycy jvke xmc kxmcv yohc mbzc fccd yxvkd`%bvech odxk yolcdic$ Xmoy oy `kzcvdecdxbl ikcviokd kj xmc pkvyx nodh, bdh kd b pkvlhpohc yiblc dk lcyy$ Kdc nodh kj ccpoxdcyy oy cdiksvb`ch, xmc kxmcv nodh oj pbvdch xmbx moy pkvhy eo`mx lcbh xk hcqkvxbxokd, oeqvoykdecdx, lkyy kj lozclomkkh, qvkqcvx, bdh czcd lojc$ Ykec `vcbx zoixkv jkv xmc Mklkibsyx lkff7 Xmc `bec mby fccd jo}ch" Lcx qckqlc yqcbn" Oj jkv dk kdc clyc, O hcebdh xmoy jkv e kpd ybnc$ O pbdx xk ndkp pmbx mbqqcdch hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv Xpk, bdh cx mkp ibd O oj xmkyc pmk eo`mx mbzc jovyxmbdh ndkplch`c bvc xklh7 &Yqcbn kdl xmc kjjoiobl lodc, kv ysjjcv xmc ikdycrscdicy$& O odyoyx kd e msebd vo`mx xk lcbvd$ Xmcvc bvc xmkyc pmk yb, &Knb, yk ebfc xmc Mklkibsyx oy b fox c}b``cvbxch, fsx hk pc vcbll pbdx xk hcyxbfolowc ykiocx f kqcdl xblnod` bfksx bll xmoy, qkyyofl cdiksvb`od` mkyxolox b`bodyx Gcpy;& Xmoy vboycy bd oeqkvxbdx qmolkykqmoibl rscyxokd7 Hk ks fcloczc ebdnodh xk fc yk odmcvcdxl ivscl bdh yxsqoh xmbx qckqlc esyx fc loch xk od kvhcv xk ebnc xmce Qb`c | ?8
fcmbzc; Oj yk, xmcd xmc locy ks xcll xmce bvc kdl b yebll fbdhb`c xk ikzcv sq b esim `vcbxcv czol7 Lbin kj ikdjohcdic od ebdnodh'y bfolox xk mbdhlc xmc xvsxm$ Bdh oj ks xvsl fcloczc xmbx qckqlc ibddkx mbdhlc xmc xvsxm, fsx odyxcbh dcch b &Fo` Fvkxmcv& xk mbdhlc ox jkv xmce, xmcd ysvcl hcekivbi oy xmc ekyx hbd`cvksy xmod` kd cbvxm$ Kj iksvyc, O sdhcvyxbdh xmbx qckqlc ibd fc ivscl bdh yxsqoh, fsx O blyk fcloczc od xmc msebd bfolox xk lcbvd, bdh xk `vkp poxm cbim dcp qocic kj ndkplch`c$ Vbxmcv xmbd icdykv odjkvebxokd xmbx pc ysfgcixozcl qcvicozc xk fc &hbd`cvksy,& pc ymkslh xcbim ksv imolhvcd xk xmodn ivoxoibll, xk vcebod kqcd%eodhch, bdh xk lkkn jkv xvsxm vbxmcv xmbd ilod` xk cekxokdbll bqqcblod` jblycmkkhy$ Bdh xmbx oy gsyx bfksx bll pc ibd hk7 xcbim ksv imolhvcd bdh mkqc jkv xmc fcyx, vcblowod` xmbx qckqlc ibddkx fc qvk`vbeech lonc vkfkxy$ Co`mx cbvy kj jbolch Ikeesdoye ymkslh mbzc xbs`mx sy xmbx$ Xk syc xmc qkpcv kj xmc yxbxc xk jkvic ecd xk fc pmbx xmc yxbxc hcjodcy by &`kkh& ivcbxcy b pkvlh jbv ekvc mclloym xmbd xmc kdc xmbx oy ysqqkychl fcod` qvczcdxch$ O pkslh vbxmcv lozc od b pkvlh pmcvc qckqlc bvc jvcc xk fc ivscl bdh yxsqoh xmbd kdc od pmoim &`kkhdcyy& oy cdjkvich bx `sd qkodx$ Nccq od eodh blyk xmbx xvsxm, kfgcixozc xvsxm, hkcy dkx dcch xmvcbxy bdh odxoeohbxokd xk qvczbol$ Pc Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoyxy bvc kjxcd loncdch xk xmkyc pmk yboh xmbx xmc cbvxm pby jlbx$ Fsx gsyx xmc vczcvyc oy xvsc7 Ox oy xmc kxmcv yohc xmbx bixy lonc b Mkl Odrsoyoxokd, odyxoxsxokdblowod` kdc zocpqkodx bdh qsdoymod` mcvcxoiy$ Vcecefcv7 Pc kdl biicqxch xmbx xmc cbvxm oy vksdh bjxcv xmc hcfbxc pby kqcdch$ Bdh yodic xmcd, xmc vksdh%cbvxm bhmcvcdxy mbzc dkx dcchch jblyc dcpy lbpy, mbxc ivoecy lbpy, bdh lofcl kv ylbdhcv lbpy xk qvkxcix xmc xvsxmjsldcyy kj xmcov zocp$ Loncpoyc, bll pc byn oy xmbx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv coxmcv yxbdh kv jbll biikvhod` xk xmc czohcdic %% kv lbin kj ox$ Pmolc pc Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoyxy yox kd b pcblxm kj pkdhcvjsll mcvcxoibl odjkvebxokd, ibd pc `cx ox ksx xk xmc `cdcvbl qsfloi; Ibd pc &ebodyxvcbe& Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoye fcjkvc ox'y xkk lbxc, xmbx oy xk yb, fcjkvc bll xmkyc pmk mbzc jovyxmbdh odjkvebxokd kj pmbx vcbll mbqqcdch hoc kjj cdxovcl; By b Gcp, ox pkslh fc pvkd` jkv ec dkx xk ecdxokd xmc oyysc kj Gcpoym odjlscdic$ Odjlscdic oy b zcv yxvbd`c xmod`$ Qckqlc yqcdh yk esim xoec bdh cdcv` xk birsovc ox, bdh xmcd bd crsbl beksdx kj xoec bdh cdcv` hcdod` xmc mbzc ox$ Gcpoym odjlscdic hkcy c}oyx$ Oj ox hohd'x, pm pkslh follokdy kj hkllbvy fc yqcdx bddsbll f Gcpoym lkffod` `vksqy; Xmbx ekdc oyd'x xk qb jkv hbdic lcyykdy jkv Ycdbxkvy bdh Ikd`vcyyecd, kj iksvyc, ox'y jkv odjlscdic$ Gcpy esyx ikec xk xcvey poxm xmc jbix xmbx xmc bvc dkx kdl b qkpcvjsl bdh odjlscdxobl `vksq, fsx mbzc vcyqkdyofoloxocy xmbx ikec poxm xmbx %% qbvxoislbvl xmc vcyqkdyofolox dkx xk bfsyc qkpcv, kv, ekvc yqciojoibll, xk bzkoh bfsyod` qckqlc poxm xmbx qkpcv$ Ox oy b xcyxbecdx xk xmc yxvcd`xm kj Vczoyokdoyx vcycbvim bdh yimklbvymoq, bdh xk Vczoyokdoyx xcdbiox, xmbx bll xmc Gcpoym odjlscdic od xmc pkvlh mby dkx cvbych xmoy ekzcecdx$ Hcyqoxc xmc fcyx cjjkvxy kj ksv ekyx ilczcv bdh hcxcveodch bhzcvybvocy, Vczoyokdoyx fkkny bvc yxoll vcbh, bdh xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp ikdxodscy xk jsdixokd$ Fsx mkp esim qvk`vcyy bvc pc vcbll ebnod` od `cxxod` ksv ecyyb`c xk xmc qsfloi; Sdjkvxsdbxcl, pc'zc fccd ebnod` kdl xod, qsyyibx yxcqy$ O be dkx b qbxocdx ebd$ Czcv hb, O jkkl eyclj odxk xmodnod` xmbx O ibd fc qbxocdx %% O ibd'x$ O hkd'x pbdx xk fc b `scvvollb jo`mxcv kj xmc qkloxoibl sdhcv`vksdh jkv xmc vcyx kj e lojc$ Xmc xoec mby ikec, odhcch mby dczcv fccd fcxxcv, xk xbnc Vczoyokdoyx yimklbvymoq xk xmc vcyx kj xmc pkvlh, bdh oj xmc qkpcvy xmbx fc xv xk yxkq sy, pc coxmcv `k bvksdh xmce kv, oj dcicyybv, pc `k vo`mx xmvks`m xmce$ XPK EKVC _CBVY" Xmbx'y e dcp ekxxk$ Od xpk cbvy' xoec, Mklkibsyx Vczoyokdoye ymkslh fc od xmc ebodyxvcbe, yrsbvcl od xmc qsfloi cc$ Qb`c | ?3
O be ysvc xmbx pc poll czcdxsbll ysiicch od `cxxod` ksx ksv ecyyb`c$ Odjkvebxokd ibd fc ysqqvcyych jkv gsyx yk lkd`$ Fsx xmbx'y dkx cdks`m jkv ec$ Ox'y dkx cdks`m xmbx jcllkp Vczoyokdoyxy vcik`dowc Qvkjcyykv Jbsvoyykd'y yimklbvymoq jkv xmc fvollobdx pkvn ox oy$ O pbdx ox xk fc POHCL_ vcik`dowch by ysim, bdh od moy lojcxoec" Yk lcx'y ebnc b ikdicvxch cjjkvx$ Eodhjsl kj xmc vcicdx Gcpoym Dcp _cbv, O mcvcf ebnc b Gcpoym Dcp _cbv'y vcyklsxokd7 Xpk ekvc cbvy" Dk ekvc yoxxod` od xmc fbin kj xmc ohcklk`oibl fsy$ Pc'vc lksh, pc'vc qvksh, bdh fcyx kj bll, pc'vc vo`mx"
-Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp Q$K$ Fk} 609? Dcpqkvx Fcbim, IB ?6:3?$ Vcqvodxch f qcveoyyokd jvke Xmc Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp, Zkl$ 29, Dsefcv 6 -Ebv$+Bqv$ 2??9/7 Q$K$ Fk} 291:, Xkvvbdic, IB ?1313, SYB/$
Ymcncl ikod bdh dkxcy oyysch f 'Nkdwcdxvbxokdylb`cv' fbdn jsdhch xk kzcv E38 eollokd$
Pmoxcpbymod` Moxlcv Xbnod` xmc @by Ksx kj Dbwo Odjbe f Goe Vchhcd
Ykec moyxkvobdy yb Moxlcv mbh dk ebyxcv qlbd xk c}xcveodbxc xmc Gcpy od Pkvlh Pbv OO $ $ $ Fsx pmbx bvc Dbwoy poxmksx xmc Mklkibsyx; Ovzod` hcilbvcy xmbx mc mby dczcv ikec bivkyy b hkisecdx qvkzod` xmbx Moxlcv Mo xlcv kvhcvch xmc xkxbl cvbhoibxokd kj Csvkqcbd Gcpy$ Kixkfcv 2:, 2??67 Hbzoh Ovzod`, b Fvoxoym moyxkvobd yqcioblowod` od Pkvlh Pbv OO, oy yqcbnod` bx Eksdx Mkkh Ikeesdox Ikllc`c dcbv Qkvxlbdh, Kvc`kd$ Ovzod` oy bd bhzkibxc kj Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoye, b ikdxvkzcvyobl ekzcecdx xmbx hoyqsxcy xmc moyxkvoibl biisvbi kj xmc pohcl mclh zcvyokd kj pmbx mbqqcdch xk Csvkqcbd Gcpy bx xmc mbdhy kj xmc @cvebdy hsvod` Moxlcv'y Xmovh Vcoim$ Qkloic hvcyych od vokx `cbv lodc xmc vkbh xmbx lcbhy xk xmc podhkplcyy fsolhod` pmcvc Ovzod` oy yimchslch xk xbln$ Xmc qkloic mbzc fccd yseekdch xk qvkxcix qckqlc pmk poym xk bxxcdh Ovzod`'y yqccim jvke bd bd`v ekf mbvbyyod` czcvkdc pmk xvocy xk cdxcv xmc fsolhod`$ Bd clhcvl iksqlc yloqy xmvks`m xmc ikvvohkv kj Qlc}o`lbyy ymoclhy mclh f qkloic bdh vcbimcy xmc jvkdx hkkvy$ Jvke xmc ekf, b ksd` ebd clly, &Pc ndkp pmcvc ks lozc"& Ymbncd, xmc iksqlc bqqvkbimcy b qkloic kjjoicv yxbxokdch od xmc lkff$ &Xmc yboh xmc ndkp pmcvc pc lozc,& xmc ebd yby od b rsbzcvod` zkoic$ Xmc ikq bdypcvy ikkll, &O'e ykvv, yov, fsx xmcvc'y dkxmod` pc ibd hk bfksx xmbx,& lcbzod` xmc iksqlc xk pkdhcv oj b lbxc%do`mx jovc fkefod` oy xmc qvoic xmc poll qb jkv bxxcdhod` b moyxkv lcixsvc$ Qb`c | ?:
Bx b`c 38, Hbzoh Ovzod` mby bsxmkvch ekvc xmbd b hkwcd fkkny kd Pkvlh Pbv OO$ Sdlonc ebd imvkdoilcvy kj xmc qbyx, Ovzod` hkcy dkx vcl kd xmc pvoxod`y kj kxmcv moyxkvobdy pmcd vcycbvimod` moy pkvny, fsx odyoyxy kd yccod` kvo`odbl hkisecdxy pmcdczcv qkyyoflc$ Biikvhod` xk xmc Dcp _kvn Xoecy Fkkn Vczocp, &Ev$ Ovzod` oy bd odhcjbxo`bflc odxcvzocpcv, b qvkho` kj cdxcvqvoyc bdh odhsyxv, b vcycbvimcv pmk blekyx loxcvbll ^lcbzcyU dk yxkdc sdxsvdch bdh ^ysiicchyU od ho``od` sq qbqcvy, lcxxcvy bdh hobvocy pmoim ^bvcU fcloczch xk fc lkyx kv dkdc}oyxcdx, kv pmoim cyibqch, jkv kxmcv vcbykdy, cbvlocv pvoxcvy$ Moy hk``ch qcvyoyxcdic qsxy ebd qvkjcyyokdbl moyxkvobdy xk ymbec$& Bjxcv ekvc xmbd xcd cbvy vcycbvimod` hcilbyyojoch pbv vcikvhy, Ovzod` hcilbvcy xmbx mc mby dczcv ikec bivkyy b hkisecdx qvkzod` xmbx Moxlcv kvhcvch xmc xkxbl cvbhoibxokd kj Csvkqcbd Gcpy, dk pvoxxcd kv kxmcv ikvvcyqkdhcdic qvkzod` xmbx Moxlcv pby bpbvc kj ikdicdxvbxokd% ibeq `byyod`y, bdh dk czohcdic xmbx Moxlcv kvhcvch xmc hcbxm kj xmc Gcpy od bd kj xmc xkq% ycivcx Dbwo vbhok xvbdyeoyyokdy xmbx pcvc odxcvicqxch f xmc Bllocy hsvod` xmc pbv$ By b vcyslx kj xmoy vcycbvim, Ovzod` ikdilshch xmbx Moxlcv hoh dkx, od jbix, kvhcv xmc dkxkvoksy Jodbl Yklsxokd$ Ovzod` iblly xmc Mklkibsyx b lc`cdh$ &Moyxkvobdy mbzc bll fccd fsy rskxod` cbim kxmcv$ Xmc'zc fccd qseqod` mkx bov odxk xmoy fsfflc, bdh xmc fsfflc mby fccd `cxxod` fo``cv bdh fo``cv bdh ekvc bdh ekvc sdyxbflc$ Xmcyc qvkjcyykvy ndkp xmc xvsxm, fsx xmc'vc xcvvojoch xmbx ykec ovvcyqkdyoflc ohokx oy `kod` xk ikec blkd` bdh qvoin xmbx fsfflc$ Bdh,& mc bhhy poxm ikeoi xoeod`, &O be xmbx qvoin$& Ebodyxvcbe moyxkvobdy bindkplch`c xmc lbin kj b hkisecdxch Jodbl Yklsxokd kvhcv jvke Moxlcv, fcloczod` xmc Jscmvcv pby xkk ymvcph xk lcbzc fcmodh qblqbflc czohcdic kj moy czolhkod`$ &^Xmbx Moxlcv pkslh dkx yo`d b pvoxxcd kvhcvU oy mbvhl ysvqvoyod` ikdyohcvod` xmc ekdyxvkyox kj xmc ivoecy fcod` ikeeoxxch,& dkxcy Fvoxoym moyxkvobd Blbd Fsllkin$ Od Eb 2?== Ovzod` qvkzohch c}qcvx xcyxoekd kd fcmblj kj Ibdbhobd Cvdyx Wsdhcl, pmk pby imbv`ch poxm zoklbxod` Ibdbhb'y &jblyc dcpy& lbpy f vcqvodxod` b 6=%qb`c fkknlcx xoxlch Hoh Yo} Eollokd Eollokd Vcbll Hoc; Ovzod` qvkhsich b vcqkvx qvcqbvch f Jvch Lcsimxcv, bd Becvoibd bsxmkvox kd `by imbefcvy pmk qcvjkvech jkvcdyoi xcyxy kd xmc `by imbefcv bx Bsyimpoxw$ Lcsimxcv'y vcqkvx jksdh dk odhoibxokd kj xvbicy kj qkoykdksy `by od xmc pblly kj xmc `by imbefcv bdh bllc`ch xmc imbefcv pby, ikdycrscdxl, b jbnc$ Ovzod` xcyxojoch xmbx xmcvc pcvc dk `vksdhy xk ysqqkvx xmc c}oyxcdic kj b Dbwo qlbd xk c}xcveodbxc Gcpy$ Sqkd vcxsvdod` xk Csvkqc, Ovzod` qsfloymch b yqciobl choxokd kj xmc Lcsimxcv vcqkvx, pvoxod` bd odxvkhsixokd od pmoim mc fklhl hoyeoyych xmc xvbhoxokdbl zcvyokd kj xmc Mklkibsyx by b &pcll%jodbdich bdh fvollobdxl ysiicyyjsl qkyxpbv qsfloiox ibeqbo`d$& Qsfloibxokd kj xmc Lcsimxcv vcqkvx od Csvkqc lch xk Ovzod`'y bvvcyx$ F bllc`od` xmbx xmc Bsyimpoxw `by imbefcv pby fsolx BJXCV xmc pbv, mc pby ikdzoixch kj b ycvoksy ivoec od @cvebd$ Od Eb 2??6, b Esdoim iksvx jodch Ovzod` xmc crsozblcdx kj (0,111 jkv zoklbxod` b @cvebd lbp b`bodyx &hcjbebxokd kj xmc ecekv kj xmc hcbh$& Fkkny bdh qbeqmlcxy imbllcd`od` zbvoksy byqcixy kj xmc Mklkibsyx fc`bd xk bqqcbv ymkvxl bjxcv xmc cdh kj PPOO$ Kdc kj xmc jovyx vczoyokdoyx xc}xy pby pvoxxcd f b Jvcdim ikdicdxvbxokd%ibeq ysvzozkv dbech Qbsl Vbyyodocv$ Vbyyodocv'y fkkny, Lc Ecdykd`c h'Slyyc ^Xmc Loc kj SlyycyU, qsfloymch od 2?8?, bdh Lc Hvbec hcy Gsojy Csvkqccdy ^Xmc Hvbeb kj xmc Csvkqcbd GcpyU, qsfloymch od 2?:8, ilboech Vbyyodocv mbh dkx yccd bd czohcdic kj xmc ebyy `byyod`y xmbx mbh ikec xk lo`mx bjxcv xmc ibeqy pcvc lofcvbxch$ Qb`c | ?0
-Hv$ Bvxmsv Fsxw bv`sch xmbx blxmks`m Gcpy pcvc qcvycisxch f xmc Dbwoy, xmc pcvc dkx yqciojoibll xbv`cxch jkv ebyy c}xcveodbxokd/$ Od xmc 2?01y, Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoye ybp qsfloi hcfbxc od xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy$ Od 2?0:, Hv$ Bvxmsv Fsxw, bd Becvoibd qvkjcyykv jvke Dkvxmpcyxcvd Sdozcvyox, qsfloymch Xmc Mkb} kj xmc Xpcdxocxm Icdxsv$ Fsxw bv`sch xmbx blxmks`m Gcpy pcvc qcvycisxch f xmc Dbwoy, xmc pcvc dkx yqciojoibll xbv`cxch jkv ebyy c}xcveodbxokd$ Biikvhod` xk Fsxw, lcyy xmbd mblj b eollokd qckqlc hoch od Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy hsvod` PPOO, bdh kdl b jvbixokd kj xmce pcvc Gcpy$ Xkhb, xmc icdxvbl ikvc kj Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoye od xmc S$Y$ oy xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp -OMV/ od Ikyxb Ecyb, Iblojkvdob$ Jksdhch od 2?0? f ikdyqovbi xmckvoyx Polloy Ibvxk, xmc OMV lbv`cl jsdixokdy by b ilcbvod` mksyc jkv b fvkbh vbd`c kj vczoyokdoyx qvkqb`bdhb, odilshod` ysim xoxlcy by Hcblod` od Mbxc7 Xmc Hczclkqecdx Hczclkqecdx kj Bdxo%@cvebd Qvkqb`bdhb> E Jbxmcv, Vshklqm Mcyy> bdh Bsyimpoxw7 Xvsxm kv Loc %% Bd Ccpoxdcyy Vcqkvx$ Xmc OMV blyk mklhy bddsbl ikdjcvcdicy bx pmoim Ovzod` bdh kxmcv vczoyokdoyxy qvcycdx xmcov lbxcyx jodhod`y$ Xmc hcjodoxokd kj xmc xcve MKLKIBSYX locy bx xmc mcbvx kj xmc vczoyokdoye ikdxvkzcvy$ Yodic PPOO, xmc c}qvcyyokd mby fccd sych xk hcyivofc b yyxcebxoi Dbwo cjjkvx %% coxmcv kvo`odbxod` poxm Moxlcv kv bqqvkzch f moe %% xk c}xcveodbxc bll kj Csvkqc'y Gcpy$ Ikeekdl ndkpd by xmc Jodbl Yklsxokd, xmc qlbd oy xmks`mx xk mbzc isleodbxch od xmc ikdyxvsixokd bdh kqcvbxokd kj xmc `by imbefcvy bx Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$ Kqqkdcdxy kj Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoye %% xmkyc pmk cefvbic xmc xvbhoxokdbl zcvyokd kj xmc pbv -xmc Becvoibd Gcpoym Ikeeoxxcc ^BGIU bdh xmc Bdxo%Hcjbebxokd Lcb`sc ^BHLU od qbvxoislbv/ %% ikdyohcv xmc jo`mx b`bodyx Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoye b ivsybhc b`bodyx b `vkpod` bve kj dck%Dbwoy bvksdh xmc pkvlh$ Od b ycvocy kj c}xcdyozcl vcycbvimch fvocjod` qbqcvy, xmc BGI bdh xmc BHL bv`sc xmbx Moxlcv'y hvcbe kj bd Bvbd pkvlh hoh dkx hoc poxm moe, fsx ikeqvoycy b ikdyqovbi xmbx yxvcximcy jvke xmc S$Y$ xk Csvkqc bdh xmc Eohhlc Cbyx$ Xmc vcjcv xk xmcov kqqkdcdxy dkx by Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoyxy, fsx Mklkibsyx HCDOCVY$ &Xmc ekzcecdx xk hcd xmbx yo} eollokd Gcpy pcvc c}xcveodbxch f xmc Dbwoy hsvod` Pkvlh Pbv OO oy b pcbqkd kj bdxo%Yceoxoi c}xvceoyx `vksqy kqcvbxod` od xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy bdh bfvkbh,& ilboey xmc BHL$ Gcpoym bhzkibi `vksqy bdh xmcov ysqqkvxcvy bheox xmbx lc`oxoebxc Mklkibsyx vcbqqvboybl mby kiisvvch yodic xmc cdh kj PPOO$ Jkv c}beqlc, ox pby pohcl byysech bjxcv xmc pbv xmbx 6$3 eollokd Gcpy pcvc `byych xk hcbxm bx Bsyimpoxw blkdc$ Vcicdxl _bmshb Fbscv, xmc hovcixkv kj xmc Hozoyokd kj Mklkibsyx Yxshocy bx xmc Mcfvcp Sdozcvyox kj Gcvsyblce'y Odyxoxsxc kj Ikdxceqkvbv Gcpv, bddksdich xmbx xmc bixsbl dsefcv pby qvkfbfl ilkycv xk 2$93 eollokd$ Xmks`m xmoy vczoyokd vboycy rscyxokdy bfksx xmc xkxbl dsefcv kj Gcpy nollch f xmc Dbwoy, xmc rscyxokdy vboych f Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoyxy bvc yccd by qbvx kj b lbv`cv b`cdhb kj hoyivoeodbxokd$ Ovzod` hcdocy xmbx moy zocpy kd xmc Mklkibsyx bvc bdxo%Yceoxoi$ &Xmc vczoyokdoyx yicdc ^odikvqkvbxcyU qckqlc jvke xmc joclh kj moyxkv, lonc eyclj, xk qckqlc pmk bvc bx xmc kxmcv cdh kj xmc yqcixvse, pmk jodh od vczoyokdoye b ^ecbdyU xk zcdx xmcov bdxo%Yceoxoye,& mc c}qlbody$ Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoye oy b ikeekd lodn fcxpccd ebd kzcvxl vbioyx bdh bdxo%Yceoxoi `vksqy, ysim by xmc Iblojkvdob%fbych Pmoxc Bvbd Vcyoyxbdic, pmoim qvkhsicy b ibflc%biicyy xclczoyokd ymkp ibllch VBIC BDH VCBYKD$ VCBYKD$ Qb`c | ?=
Ykec zocpcvy ilboech xk fc kjjcdhch f bd cbvl cqoykhc kj xmc qvk`vbe xmbx kqcdch poxm ibddch lbs`mxcv qlbod` fcmodh PPOO jole jkkxb`c kj ikvqycy bx Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy$ Fsx ysqqkvx jkv Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoye ikecy jvke qvk%Yceoxoi yohcy by pcll$ B ksd` Gcp dbech Hbzoh Iklc zoyoxch Bsyimpoxw od lbxc 2??6 bdh zohckxbqch bd odxcvzocp poxm Hv$ Jvbdioywcn Qoqcv, xmc isvbxkv kj xmc Mklkibsyx esycse bx xmc ibeq$ Od xmc odxcvzocp, Qoqcv bheoxxch xmbx xmc `by imbefcv ymkpd xk xksvoyxy pby vcekhclch f xmc Ykzocxy bjxcv xmc pbv$ Od Iklc'y zocp, xmoy yxbxcecdx ikdjovey Ovzod`'y ysqqkvx kj xmc Lcsimxcv Vcqkvx$ Ebodyxvcbe moyxkvobdy ysqqkvxod` xmc xvbhoxokdbl zcvyokd kj xmc Mklkibsyx qkodx xk bd bfsdhbdic kj ccpoxdcyy biiksdxy bdh Dbwo ikdjcyyokdy ikllcixch hsvod` dsecvksy pbv% ivoecy xvobly$ Bx xmc Odxcvdbxokdbl Eoloxbv Xvofsdbl, kxmcvpoyc ndkpd by xmc Dsvcefcv` Xvobl, Bsyimpoxw ikeebdhcv Vshklj Mcyy xcyxojoch xmbx mc qcvykdbll bvvbd`ch xmc `byyod` kj xpk eollokd Gcpy fcxpccd Gsdc 2?82 bdh xmc cdh kj 2?89$
-Vczoyokdoyxy bv`sc xmbx xmc @cvebdy, kfycyyozc odycix%mbxcvy, ymoqqch lbv`c rsbdxoxocy kj Wnlkd%F xk ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy hsvod` xmc pbv xk noll loic/$ &Xmcvc'y dk hksfx xmbx xmc @cvebdy hoh noll xmksybdhy kj qckqlc, ebimodc%`sddod` xmce odxk qoxy,& yby Ovzod`$ &Fsx O hkd'x fcloczc xmc qlbddch bdh odyxbllch jbixkvocy kj hcbxm poxm `by imbefcvy$& Xmc qvcycdic kj `by imbefcvy bx yczcvbl Dbwo ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy oy xmc ekyx odivoeodbxod` czohcdic kj Moxlcv'y `cdkiohbl odxcdx$ Sdysyqcixod` Gcpy pcvc xvoinch odxk cdxcvod` xmc hcbhl imbefcvy, sysbll sdhcv xmc qvcxc}x xmbx xmc vkkey pcvc lbv`c ymkpcvy$ Kdic xmc hkkvy lkinch fcmodh xmce, qkoykdksy `by yqcpch ksx kj xmc ymkpcv mcbhy, nollod` `vcbx dsefcvy od b ebxxcv kj eodsxcy$ Xmc fkhocy pcvc xmcd mbslch ksx, bdh coxmcv fsvdch od bhgbicdx ivcebxkvosey kv hseqch odxk qoxy$ Biikvhod` xk ccpoxdcyy biiksdxy bdh Dbwo xcyxoekd, xmoy qvkicyy pby vcqcbxch sdxol eollokdy kj Gcpy mbh fccd `byych$ Qmyoibl czohcdic kj `by%imbefcv c}xcveodbxokd oy mbvh xk ikec f$ Ebodyxvcbe moyxkvobdy b`vcc xmbx xmc @cvebdy odyxbllch `by imbefcvy bx kdl yczcd ibeqy od Qklbdh %% Bsyimpoxw -bdh oxy ybxclloxc jbiolox, Fovncdbs/, Yxsxxmkj, Xvcflodnb, Imcledk, Ykfofkv, Ebghbdcn, bdh Fclwci$ Bll kj xmcyc ibeqy pcvc lofcvbxch f Ykzocx xvkkqy, bdh Qklbdh fcibec qbvx kj xmc Ykzocx Sdokd bjxcv xmc pbv$ Xmc vcyslx pby xmbx hsvod` xmc lkd` hcibhcy kj xmc Iklh Pbv, xmc ibeqy bdh xmc xkdy kj hkisecdxy ibqxsvch f xmc Vsyyobdy mbzc fccd vcyxvoixch jvke Pcyxcvd vcycbvimcvy$ Ekyx kj xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy pcvc hcyxvkch f xmc @cvebdy fcjkvc xmc jcll odxk Ykzocx mbdhy$ Ebd kj xmc fsolhod`y pcvc flkpd sq, odilshod` xmkyc xmbx vcqkvxchl mksych xmc `by imbefcvy$ Xkhb, xmc kdl `by imbefcvy c}xbdx bvc jksdh bx Bsyimpoxw, Fovncdbs bdh Ebghbdcn$ Fbyoi kqcvbxod` crsoqecdx oy eoyyod` bx bll kj xmc jbioloxocy$ Dkdc kj xmc imbefcvy isvvcdxl mbzc bov%xo`mx hkkvy, zcdxod` yyxcey jkv qoqod` `by kv c}mbsyx yyxcey jkv vcekzod` xmc `by bjxcv xmc zoixoey mbzc fccd nollch$ Moyxkvobdy b`vcc xmbx xmc `by imbefcvy sych b ibdohc%fbych odycixoiohc ibllch Wnlkd%F$ Vczoyokdoyxy bv`sc xmbx xmc @cvebdy, kfycyyozc odycix%mbxcvy, ymoqqch lbv`c rsbdxoxocy kj Qb`c | ??
Wnlkd%F xk ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy hsvod` xmc pbv xk noll loic bdh kxmcv odycixy$ Hclksyod` vkkey, xmc hksfxcvy qkodx ksx, ibd yxoll fc jksdh bx ebd kj xmc ibeqy$ Ekvc yiocdxojoibll eodhch vczoyokdoyxy bv`sc xmbx Wnlkd%F hkcy dkx zbdoym poxmksx b xvbic, fsx fkdhy qcvebdcdxl poxm qkvksy ysvjbicy lonc fvoiny bdh ekvxbv$ Biikvhod` xk Voin @bxcy, b imceoyx poxm xmc Kvc`kd Hcqbvxecdx kj Cdzovkdecdxbl Rsblox pmk oy dkx odzklzch od xmc vczoyokdoyx hcfbxc, &Ibdohc xvbicy ibd vcebod od ^ysim ebxcvoblyU b lkd` xoec$& Bixod` kd xmoy yiocdxojoi qvodioqlc, Jvch Lcsimxcv bdh yczcvbl ikeqbdokdy xvbzclch xk Qklbdh od 2?==, pmcvc xmc xkkn ybeqlcy jvke xmc pblly bdh jlkkvy kj xmc `by imbefcvy bx Bsyimpoxw, Fovncdbs bdh Ebghbdcn$ Biikvhod` xk xmc Lcsimxcv vcqkvx, kdl eodoebl xvbicy kj ibdohc ikslh fc jksdh od xmc `by imbefcvy$ Xmoy ymkvxb`c kj jkvcdyoi czohcdic lcbhy Lcsimxcv xk ikdilshc xmbx xmc vkkey ikslh dkx mbzc fccd sych by `by imbefcvy, bdh vczoyokdoyxy xbnc xmoy by qvkkj xmbx xmc `by imbefcv yxkv oy b mkb}$ Gcbd%Ilbshc Qvcyybi, bsxmkv kj Bsyimpoxw7 Bsyimpoxw7 Hcyo`d bdh Jbfvoibxokd Jbfvoibxokd kj xmc @by Imbefcvy, vcjsxcy Lcsimxcv'y xmckv, bllc`od` xmbx xmc @cvebdy sych cdks`m Wnlkd%F xk noll qckqlc, fsx dkx cdks`m xk lcbzc ysfyxbdxobl xvbicy$ Qvcyybi, b Jvcdim qmbvebioyx, sycy ikeqlc} imceoibl jkveslby xk qvkzc xmbx xvbicy kj ibdohc pkslh fc jksdh od xmc hclksyod` vkkey, fsx dkx od xmc `by imbefcvy$ &B mhvkibdoi `by ikdicdxvbxokd kj 1$9 `vbey qcv isfoi ecxcv %% b lcxmbl hkyc %% oy oeechobxcl jbxbl xk b ebd, pmolc nollod` loic vcrsovcy b ikdicdxvbxokd kj jozc `vbey qcv isfoi ecxcv jkv b qcvokh kj bx lcbyx xpk mksvy,& ilboey Qvcyybi$ &Ebodxbodod` xmbx ikdicdxvbxokd jkv yo} mksvy poll noll ^czcv odycix odjcyxod` b qcvykdU$ Xmc hkyc sych bx Fovncdbs pby lcxmbl 81 xk 01 xoecy kzcv -26 xk 61 `vbey qcv isfoi odim/ %% pmoim odjbllofl nollch 2,111 qcvykdy od lcyy xmbd jozc eodsxcy$& Poxmksx b ebyxcv qlbd xk cvbhoibxc Csvkqc'y Gcpv, xmc vczoyokdoyxy bv`sc, xmc Dbwoy pcvc dk pkvyc xmbd ebd kxmcv eoloxbv b``vcyykvy od vcikvhch moyxkv$ &Xmc nollod`y ^qcvqcxvbxch f xmc DbwoyU, xmc qoxy bdh yk kd, pcvc dk pkvyc xmbd pmbx xmc Becvoibdy hoh od Zocxdbe od E Lbo,& ilboey Ovzod`, vcjcvvod` xk xmc Ebvim 2:, 2?:=, ylbs`mxcv f Becvoibd `vksdh xvkkqy kj dcbvl 911 sdbvech bdh sdvcyoyxod` Zocxdbe iozolobdy, ebd kj pmke pcvc jkvich xk yxbdh kd xmc ch`c kj b hoxim bdh ebimodc%`sddch$ &Xmcvc bvc ccpoxdcyy hcyivoqxokdy kj fkxm$ Fsx xmc ohcb kj ycxxod` sq nollod` jbixkvocy, poxm xmc `by imbefcvy bdh yk kd, oeqlocy b icvxbod hc`vcc kj odhsyxvoblowbxokd bdh qvcioyokd xmbx, jvbdnl, O hkd'x xmodn ^fclkd`yU od xmc vcikvh$& Gcpoym bhzkibi kv`bdowbxokdy bvc dkx pollod` xk fc hvbpd odxk b qsfloi hcfbxc poxm Mklkibsyx vczoyokdoyxy$ Xmc ikdxcdh xmbx xmc Mklkibsyx oy dkx b ebxxcv xk fc bv`sch bdh xmbx, jkv xmc ybnc kj xmc ecekvocy kj iksdxlcyy jbeolocy pmkyc vclbxokdy qcvoymch bx Dbwo mbdhy, xmc ilboey kj xmc vczoyokdoyxy ymkslh dkx fc ho`dojoch poxm qsfloi vcyqkdycy$ &Pc dcch dkx pbyxc xoec kv vcjjkvx bdypcvod` xmc hcdocvy' ikdxcdxokdy,& yxbxcy Gcpoym moyxkvobd Hcfkvbm Loqyxbhx$ &Ox pkslh fc dczcv%cdhod` xk vcyqkdh xk bv`secdxy qkych f xmkyc pmk jvccl jblyoj jodhod`y, rskxc ksx kj ikdxc}x bdh yoeql hoyeoyy vcbey kj xcyxoekd$ Xmcov ikeeoxecdx oy xk bd ohcklk`, bdh xmcov 'jodhod`y' bvc ymbqch xk ysqqkvx ox$& Xmc BGI bdh xmc BHL vksxodcl qsfloym bdh hoyxvofsxc xmc vcyslxy kj lcd`xm fbin`vksdh imciny odhoibxod` xmbx vczoyokdoyxy bvc dkx ecvcl hoyodxcvcyxch bibhceoiy, fsx bdxo%Yceoxoi qkloxoibl bixozoyxy$ Xmc BHL mby ohcdxojoch jkvecv Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp hovcixkv Hbzoh EiIblhcd by xmc jksdhcv kj xmc Fvoxoym Dbxokdbl Qbvx, bd kjjymkkx kj xmc dck%Dbwo Dbxokdbl Jvkdx, bdh vcqkvxy xmbx vczoyokdoyx pvoxcv Bvxmsv Fsxw bhhvcyych xmc 2?=3 ikdzcdxokd kj xmc Dbxokd kj Oylbe, lch f dkxkvoksy bdxo%Yceoxc Lksoy Jbvvbnmbd$ Qb`c | 211
Ovzod` mby b qvkqkybl jkv ycxxlod` xmc ikdxvkzcvy7 b jsll cdrsov$ Yby Ovzod`, &O xmodn ox pkslh fc ekyx ybxoyjbixkv oj xmc Gcpy xmceyclzcy odzcyxo`bxch bdh hoyibvhch xmc lc`cdh ^kj xmc Jodbl YklsxokdU, fcibsyc bd kxmcv yklsxokd oy `kod` xk lcbh xk bd odivcbyc od bdxo% Yceoxoye$ Xmc pkvlh poll yb, 'Lkkn mkp xmc xvoch xk `cx bpb poxm ox jkv 31 cbvy"'&
Jvke Msyxlcv eb`bwodc, Bs`syx 2??97
Vczoyokdoyxy Imbllcd`c C}xcveodbxokd Yxkv XMC MKLKIBSYX7 Lcx'y Mcbv Fkxm Yohcy f Ebvn Pcfcv Gsyx bfksx czcvkdc mby mcbvh xmbx xmc @cvebdy nollch ykec yo} eollokd Gcpy od Csvkqc hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv$ Becvoibd xclczoyokd, ekxokd qoixsvcy, dcpyqbqcvy bdh eb`bwodcy mbeecv bpb kd xmoy xmcec$ Od Pbymod`xkd, HI, bd cdkveksy kjjoibl Mklkibsyx Esycse oy fcod` fsolx$
Yimklbvy Imbllcd`c Mklkibsyx Yxkv Hsvod` xmc qbyx hcibhc, xmks`m, ekvc bdh ekvc &Vczoyokdoyx& moyxkvobdy, odilshod` vcyqcixch yimklbvy ysim by Hv$ Bvxmsv Fsxw kj Dkvxmpcyxcvd Sdozcvyox, Qvkj$ Vkfcvx Jbsvoyykd kj xmc Sdozcvoyx kj Lkd od Jvbdic bdh fcyx%ycllod` Fvoxoym moyxkvobd Hbzoh Ovzod`, mbzc fccd zo`kvksyl imbllcd`od` xmc pohcl%biicqxch c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$ Xmc hk dkx hoyqsxc xmc jbix xmbx lbv`c dsefcvy kj Gcpy pcvc hcqkvxch xk ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy bdh `mcxxky, kv xmbx ebd Gcpy hoch kv pcvc nollch hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv$ Vczoyokdoyx yimklbvy mbzc, mkpczcv, qvcycdxch ikdyohcvbflc czohcdic xk ymkp xmbx xmcvc pby dk @cvebd qvk`vbe xk c}xcveodbxc Csvkqc'y Gcpy bdh xmbx xmc cyxoebxc kj yo} eollokd Gcpoym pbvxoec hcbh oy bd ovvcyqkdyoflc c}b``cvbxokd$
Ebd Mklkibsyx Ilboey Bfbdhkdch Vczoyokdoyxy qkodx ksx xmbx xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv mby imbd`ch rsoxc b lkx kzcv xmc cbvy$ Ebd c}xcveodbxokd ibeqy xmbx pcvc kdic pohcl biicqxch mbzc fccd rsoxcl hvkqqch od vcicdx cbvy$ Bx kdc xoec ox pby bllc`ch xmbx xmc @cvebdy `byych Gcpy bx Hbimbs, Fsimcdpblh bdh kxmcv ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy od @cvebd qvkqcv$ Xmbx qbvx kj xmc c}xcveodbxokd yxkv qvkzch yk sdxcdbflc xmbx ox pby bfbdhkdch ekvc xmbd xpcdx cbvy b`k$ Dk ycvoksy moyxkvobd dkp ysqqkvxy xmc kdic ysqqkychl qvkzcd yxkv kj &c}xcveodbxokd ibeqy& od xmc xcvvoxkv kj xmc klh @cvebd Vcoim$ Czcd jbech &Dbwo msdxcv& Yoekd Pocycdxmbl bindkplch`ch od 2?03 xmbx &xmcvc pcvc dk c}xcveodbxokd ibeqy kd @cvebd ykol$& -'Fkkny * Fkknecd', Lkdhkd, Bqvol 2?03, q$3/$ Qvkeodcdx Mklkibsyx moyxkvobdy dkp ilboe xmbx ebyycy kj Gcpy pcvc `byych bx gsyx yo} ibeqy od pmbx oy dkp Qklbdh7 Bsyimpoxw, Ebghbdcn, Xvcflodnb, Ykfofkv, Imcledk bdh Fclwci$ Mkpczcv, xmc &czohcdic qvcycdxch jkv &`byyod`y& bx xmcyc yo} ibeqy oy dkx rsbloxbxozcl hojjcvcdx xmbd xmc &czohcdic& jkv bllc`ch &`byyod`y& bx xmc ibeqy od @cvebd qvkqcv$ Bx xmc `vcbx Dsvcefcv` xvobl kj 2?83%2?8: bdh hsvod` xmc hcibhcy jkllkpod` xmc cdh kj xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, Bsyimpoxw -cyqciobll Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdbs/ bdh Ebghbdcn -Lsflod/ pcvc `cdcvbll vc`bvhch by xmc vcbll oeqkvxbdx &hcbxm ibeqy$& Jkv c}beqlc, xmc Bllocy bllc`ch bx Dsvcefcv` xmbx xmc @cvebdy nollch jksv eollokd bx Bsyimpoxw bdh bdkxmcv 2$3 eollokd bx Ebghbdcn$ Xkhb, dk vcqsxbflc moyxkvobd biicqxy xmcyc jbdxbyxoi jo`svcy$ Od bhhoxokd, ekvc bdh ekvc yxvonod` czohcdic mby fccd qvcycdxch od vcicdx Qb`c | 212
cbvy pmoim yoeql ibddkx fc vcikdiolch poxm xmc bllc`bxokdy kj ebyy c}xcveodbxokdy bx xmcyc ibeqy$ Jkv c}beqlc, hcxbolch bcvobl vcikddboyybdic qmkxk`vbqmy xbncd kj Bsyimpoxw%Fovncdbs kd yczcvbl vbdhke hby od 2?88 -hsvod` xmc mco`mx kj xmc bllc`ch c}xcveodbxokd qcvokh xmcvc/ pcvc ebhc qsfloi f xmc IOB od 2?0?$ Xmc ymkp dk xvbic kj xmc qolcy kj ikvqycy, yeknod` imoedcy bdh ebyycy kj Gcpy bpboxod` hcbxm, bll kj pmoim mbzc fccd bllc`ch bdh pkslh mbzc fccd ilcbvl zoyoflc oj Bsyimpoxw mbh odhcch fccd bd c}xcveodbxokd icdxcv$Pc icdxcv$ Pc dkp blyk ndkp xmbx xmc qkyxpbv &ikdjcyyokdy& kj Bsyimpoxw ikeebdhbdx Vshklj Mcyy, pmoim oy b ivsiobl qbvx kj xmc Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd yxkv, pby kfxbodch f xkvxsvc$ -Vsqcvx Fsxlcv, &Lc`okdy kj Hcbxm& -Cd`lbdh7 2?=9/, qq$ 693%690, bdh V$ Jbsvoyykd, &Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp&, Podxcv 2?=:%2?=0, qq$ 9=?%819$/
Kxmcv Bfysvh Mklkibsyx Ilboey Bx kdc xoec ox pby blyk ycvoksyl ilboech xmbx xmc @cvebdy c}xcveodbxch Gcpy poxm clcixvoiox bdh yxcbe, bdh xmbx xmc ebdsjbixsvch ykbq jvke Gcpoym ikvqycy$ Jkv c}beqlc, bx Dsvcefcv` xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy imbv`ch xmbx xmc @cvebdy nollch Gcpy bx Xvcflodnb, dkx od `by imbefcvy, by oy dkp ilboech, fsx f yxcbeod` xmce xk hcbxm od &yxcbe imbefcvy& -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx QY%9922 -SYB%6?9/$ OEX flsc ycvocy, Zkl$ 96, qq$ 239%23=> OEX, Zkl 9, qq$ 3::% 3:=$> DEX `vccd ycvocy, Zkl$ 3, qq$ 2299, 2298$/ Xmcyc fowbvvc yxkvocy mbzc blyk fccd rsocxl bfbdhkdch od vcicdx cbvy$
Hoycbyc Ilboech Ebd Odebxcy Xmc Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd yxkv oy ysqcvjoiobll qlbsyoflc$ Czcvkdc mby yccd xmc mkvvojoi qmkxky kj hcbh bdh hod` odebxcy xbncd bx Fcv`cd%Fclycd, Dkvhmbsycd bdh kxmcv ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy pmcd xmc pcvc lofcvbxch f Fvoxoym bdh Becvoibd jkvicy od xmc jodbl pccny kj xmc pbv od Csvkqc$ Xmcyc qckqlc pcvc sdjkvxsdbxc zoixoey, dkx kj bd c}xcveodbxokd qvk`vbe, fsx kj hoycbyc bdh ebldsxvoxokd fvks`mx kd f xmc ikeqlcxc ikllbqyc kj @cvebd od xmc jodbl ekdxmy kj xmc pbv$ Odhcch, oj xmcvc mbh fccd bd c}xcveodbxokd qvk`vbe, xmc Gcpy jksdh f Blloch jkvicy bx xmc cdh kj xmc pbv pkslh mbzc lkd` yodic fccd nollch$ Od xmc jbic kj xmc bhzbdiod` Ykzocx jkvicy, lbv`c dsefcvy kj Gcpy pcvc czbisbxch hsvod` xmc jodbl ekdxmy kj xmc pbv jvke cbyxcvd ibeqy bdh `mcxxky xk xmc vcebodod` ibeqy od pcyxcvd @cvebd$ Xmcyc ibeqy rsoinl fcibec xcvvofl kzcvivkphch, pmoim yczcvcl mbeqcvch cjjkvxy xk qvczcdx xmc yqvcbh kj cqohceoiy$ Jsvxmcvekvc, xmc fvcbnhkpd kj xmc @cvebd xvbdyqkvxbxokd yyxce ebhc ox oeqkyyoflc xk ysqql bhcrsbxc jkkh bdh echoiodc xk xmc ibeqy$
Ibqxsvch @cvebd Hkisecdxy Bx xmc cdh kj xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, xmc Bllocy ikdjoyibxch b xvcecdhksy rsbdxox kj @cvebd hkisecdxy hcblod` poxm @cvebd'y pbvxoec Gcpoym qkloi, pmoim pby ykecxoecy kjjoiobll vcjcvvch xk by xmc &jodbl yklsxokd$& Fsx dkx b yod`lc @cvebd hkisecdx mby czcv fccd jksdh pmoim czcd vcjcvy xk bd c}xcveodbxokd qvk`vbe$ Xk xmc ikdxvbv, xmc hkisecdxy ilcbvl ymkp xmbx xmc @cvebd &jodbl yklsxokd& qkloi pby kdc kj ceo`vbxokd bdh hcqkvxbxokd, dkx c}xcveodbxokd$ Ikdyohcv, jkv c}beqlc, xmc ikdjohcdxobl @cvebd Jkvco`d Kjjoic ecekvbdhse kj Bs`syx 62, 2?86 -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx D@%63=:%G$ DEX `vccd ycvocy, Zkl$ 29, qq$ 689% 68?/$ &Xmc qvcycdx pbv `ozcy @cvebd xmc kqqkvxsdox bdh blyk xmc hsx kj yklzod` xmc Gcpoym qvkflce od Csvkqc,& xmc ecekvbdhse dkxcy$ Xmc qkloi &xk qvkekxc xmc czbisbxokd kj xmc Gcpy -jvke Csvkqc/ od ilkycyx ikkqcvbxokd poxm xmc b`cdiocy kj xmc Vcoimyjsmvcv YY ^MoeelcvU oy yxoll od jkvic$& Xmc ecek dkxch xmbx &xmc dsefcv kj Gcpy hcqkvxch od xmoy pb xk xmc Cbyx hoh dkx ysjjoic xk ikzcv xmc lbfkv dcchy$& Xmc hkisecdx rskxcy @cvebd Jkvco`d Eodoyxcv zkd Voffcdxvkq by ybod` xmbx &bx xmc cdh kj xmoy pbv, bll Gcpy pkslh mbzc xk lcbzc Csvkqc$ Xmoy pby bd sdblxcvbflc hcioyokd kj xmc Jsmvcv ^MoxlcvU bdh blyk xmc kdl pb xk Qb`c | 216
ebyxcv xmoy qvkflce, by kdl b `lkfbl bdh ikeqvcmcdyozc yklsxokd ikslh fc bqqloch bdh odhozohsbl ecbysvcy pkslh dkx mclq zcv esim$& Xmc ecekvbdhse ikdilshcy f yxbxod` xmbx xmc &hcqkvxbxokdy ^kj Gcpy xk xmc CbyxU bvc b jsvxmcv yxcq kd xmc pb xk xmc xkxbl yklsxokd $ $ $ Xmc hcqkvxbxokd xk xmc ^QkloymU @cdcvbl @kzcvdecdx oy b xceqkvbv ecbysvc$ Xmc Gcpy poll fc ekzch kd jsvxmcv xk xmc kiisqoch ^YkzocxU cbyxcvd xcvvoxkvocy by ykkd by xmc xcimdoibl ikdhoxokdy jkv ox bvc `ozcd$& Xmoy sdbefo`sksy hkisecdx, bdh kxmcvy lonc ox, bvc vksxodcl ysqqvcyych kv o`dkvch f xmkyc pmk sqmklh xmc Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$
Sdvclobflc Xcyxoekd Mklkibsyx moyxkvobdy vcl mcbzol kd yk%ibllch &ysvzozkv xcyxoekd& xk ysqqkvx xmc c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$ Fsx ysim &czohcdic& oy dkxkvoksyl sdvclobflc$ By kdc Gcpoym moyxkvobd mby qkodxch ksx, &ekyx kj xmc ecekovy bdh vcqkvxy ^kj &Mklkibsyx ysvzozkvy&U bvc jsll kj qvcqkyxcvksy zcvfkyox, `vbqmkebdoi c}b``cvbxokd, hvbebxoi cjjcixy, kzcvcyxoebxch yclj% odjlbxokd, holcxxbdxc qmolkykqmowod`, pkslh%fc lvoioye, sdimcinch vsekvy, foby, qbvxoybd bxxbiny bdh bqklk`ocy$& -Ybescl @vod`bsw od &Gcpoym Ykiobl Yxshocy& -Dcp _kvn/, Gbdsbv 2?31, Zkl$ 26, q$ :3/
Moxlcv bdh xmc &Jodbl Yklsxokd& Xmcvc oy dk hkisecdxbv czohcdic xmbx Bhklj Moxlcv czcv `bzc bd kvhcv xk c}xcveodbxc xmc Gcpy, kv xmbx mc ndcp kj bd c}xcveodbxokd qvk`vbe$ Odyxcbh, xmc vcikvh ymkpy xmbx xmc @cvebd lcbhcv pbdxch xmc Gcpy xk lcbzc Csvkqc, f ceo`vbxokd oj qkyyoflc bdh f hcqkvxbxokd oj dcicyybv$ B hkisecdx jksdh bjxcv xmc pbv od xmc jolcy kj xmc Vcoim Eodoyxv kj Gsyxoic vcikvhy moy xmodnod` kd xmc Gcpy$ Od xmc yqvod` kj 2?86, Yxbxc Ycivcxbv Jvbdw Yimlc`clfcv`cv dkxch od b ecekvbdhse xmbx Moxlcv'y Imocj kj Imbdicllcv, Hv$ Mbdy Lbeecvy, mbh odjkvech moe7 &Xmc Jsmvcv mby vcqcbxchl hcilbvch xk moe ^LbeecvyU xmbx mc pbdxy xk ycc xmc yklsxokd kj xmc Gcpoym qvkflce qkyxqkdch sdxol bjxcv xmc pbv oy kzcv$& -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx QY%8163$ H$ Ovzod`, &@kcvod`7 B fok`vbqm& -Dcp _kvn7 2?=?/ q$ 98?$/ Bdh kd Gsl 68, 2?86, Moxlcv ceqmbyowch moy hcxcveodbxokd xk vcekzc bll Gcpy jvke Csvkqc bjxcv xmc pbv7 &Xmc Gcpy bvc odxcvcyxch od Csvkqc jkv cikdkeoi vcbykdy, fsx Csvkqc esyx vcgcix xmce, oj kdl ksx kj yclj% odxcvcyx, fcisbyc xmc Gcpy bvc vbiobll xks`mcv$ Bjxcv xmoy pbv oy kzcv, O poll vo`kvksyl mklh xk xmc zocp $ $ $ xmbx xmc Gcpy poll mbzc xk lcbzc bdh ceo`vbxc xk Ebhb`byibv kv ykec kxmcv Gcpoym dbxokdbl yxbxc$& -M$ Qoincv, &Moxlcvy Xoyim`cyqvyimc oe Jsmvcvmbsqxrsbvxocv& -Yxsxx`bvx7 2?0:/, q$ 83:/$
&Yxbvzod`& Gcpoym qvoykdcvy bx Yxbeelb` 'Nkdwcdxvbxokdylb`cv' Ibeq$
Qb`c | 219
Moeelcv'y YY bdh xmc Ibeqy Gcpy pcvc bd oeqkvxbdx qbvx kj @cvebd'y pbvxoec lbfkv jkvic, bdh ox pby od @cvebd'y odxcvcyx xk nccq xmce blozc$ Xmc mcbh kj xmc YY ibeq bheodoyxvbxokd kjjoic ycdx b hovcixozc hbxch Hci$ 6=, 2?86, xk czcv ikdicdxvbxokd ibeq, odilshod` Bsyimpoxw$ Ox ymbvql ivoxoiowch xmc mo`m hcbxm vbxc kj odebxcy hsc xk hoycbyc, bdh kvhcvch xmbx &ibeq qmyoiobdy esyx syc bll ecbdy bx xmcov hoyqkybl xk yo`dojoibdxl vchsic xmc hcbxm vbxc od xmc zbvoksy ibeqy$& Jsvxmcvekvc, ox kvhcvch7 &Xmc ibeq hkixkvy esyx ysqcvzoyc ekvc kjxcd xmbd od xmc qbyx xmc dsxvoxokd kj xmc qvoykdcvy bdh, od ikkqcvbxokd poxm xmc bheodoyxvbxokd, ysfeox oeqvkzcecdx vcikeecdhbxokdy xk xmc ibeq ikeebdhbdxy$ $ $ Xmc ibeq hkixkvy bvc xk ycc xk ox xmbx xmc pkvnod` ikdhoxokdy bx xmc zbvoksy lbfkv qlbicy bvc oeqvkzch by esim by qkyyoflc$& Jodbll, xmc hovcixozc yxvcyych xmbx &Xmc Vcoimyjsmvcv YY ^Mcodvoim MoeelcvU mby kvhcvch xmbx xmc hcbxm vbxc bfyklsxcl esyx fc vchsich$& -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx QY%6202, Bddc} 6> DI*B vch ycvocy, Zkl$ 8, qq$ =99%=98/$ Xmc mcbh kj xmc YY hcqbvxecdx xmbx ysqcvzoych xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy, Voimbvh Voimbvh @lsiny, ycdx b iovislbv lcxxcv xk cbim ibeq ikeebdhbdx hbxch Gbdsbv 61, 2?89$ Od ox mc kvhcvch7 &By O mbzc blvcbh qkodxch ksx, czcv ecbdy esyx fc sych xk lkpcv xmc hcbxm vbxc od xmc ibeq$& -Dsvcefcv` hkisecdx DK%2369> DEX `vccd ycvocy, Zkl$ 3, qq$ 906%909/
Yo} Eollokd; Xmcvc oy dk vcbl czohcdic jkv xmc odicyybdxl vcqcbxch ilboe xmbx xmc @cvebd c}xcveodbxch yo} eollokd Gcpy$ Ox oy ilcbv, xmks`m, xmbx eollokdy kj Gcpy &ysvzozch& @cvebd vslc hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv, odilshod` ebd pmk pcvc odxcvdch od Bsyimpoxw bdh kxmcv yk%ibllch &c}xcveodbxokd ibeqy$& Xmoy jbix blkdc ymkslh vboyc ycvoksy hksfxy bfksx xmc c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$ B lcbhod` dcpyqbqcv kj dcsxvbl Ypoxwcvlbdh, xmc hbol &Fbyclcv Dbimvoimxcd&, ibvcjsll cyxoebxch od Gsdc 2?8: xmbx dk ekvc xmbd 2$3 eollokd Csvkqcbd Gcpy ikslh mbzc qcvoymch sdhcv @cvebd vslc hsvod` xmc pbv -&Fbyclcv Dbimvoimxcd&, Gsdc 29, 2?8:, q$6/$
Kdc%Yohch &Mklkibsyxkebdob& Czcd bjxcv ekvc xmbd jkvx cbvy, xmc yxvcbe kj Mklkibsyx joley bdh fkkny ymkpy dk yo`d kj hoeodoymod`$ Xmoy vclcdxlcyy echob ibeqbo`d, pmoim Gcpoym moyxkvobd Bljvch Lolocdxmbl iblly &Mklkibsyxkebdob,& qkvxvby xmc jbxc kj xmc Gcpy hsvod` xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv by xmc icdxvbl czcdx kj moyxkv$ Xmcvc oy dk cdh xk xmc mcbz%mbdhch ekxokd qoixsvcy, xmc yoeqloyxoi xclczoyokd yqciobly, xmc zodhoixozc msdx jkv &Dbwo%pbv ivoeodbly,& xmc kdc%yohch &chsibxokdbl iksvycy,& bdh xmc yclj%vo`mxcksy bqqcbvbdicy f qkloxoibdy bdh iclcfvoxocy bx Mklkibsyx &ecekvobl ycvzoicy$& Fvoxbod'y imocj vbffo, Oeebdscl Gbnkfkzoxy, mby biisvbxcl hcyivofch xmc Mklkibsyx ibeqbo`d by &bd cdxovc odhsyxv, poxm mbdhykec qvkjoxy jkv pvoxcvy, vcycbvimcvy, jole%ebncvy, ekdsecdx fsolhcvy, esycse qlbddcvy bdh czcd qkloxoiobdy$& Mc bhhch xmbx ykec vbffoy bdh xmcklk`obdy bvc &qbvxdcvy od xmoy fo` fsyodcyy$& -M$ Ymbqovk, &Gbnkfkzoxy,& 'Gcvsyblce Qkyx' -Oyvbcl/, Dkz$ 6:, 2?=0, q$2/ Dkd%Gcpoym zoixoey gsyx hkd'x ecvox xmc ybec ikdicvd$ Jkv c}beqlc, xmcvc bvc dk Becvoibd ecekvobly, &yxsh icdxcvy,& kv bddsbl kfycvzbdicy jkv Yxblod'y zoixoey, pmk zbyxl ksxdsefcv Moxlcv'y$
Pmk Fcdcjoxy; Xmc qcvqcxsbl Mklkibsyx echob floxw oy vksxodcl sych xk gsyxoj cdkveksy Becvoibd ysqqkvx jkv Oyvbcl bdh xk c}isyc kxmcvpoyc odc}isybflc Oyvbclo qkloiocy, czcd pmcd xmc ikdjloix poxm Becvoibd odxcvcyxy$ Xmc ykqmoyxoibxch bdh pcll%jodbdic pcll%jodbdich h Mklkibsyx echob ibeqbo`d oy ivsiobll oeqkvxbdx xk xmc odxcvyxy kj Oyvbcl, pmoim kpcy oxy c}oyxcdic xk ebyyozc bddsbl ysfyohocy jvke Becvoibd xb}qbcvy$ By Qvkj$ P$ H$ Vsfodyxcod kj Bsyxvblob mby ibdhohl bindkplch`ch7 &Oj xmc Mklkibsyx ibd fc ymkpd xk fc b 'Wokdoyx exm,' xmc yxvkd`cyx kj bll pcbqkdy od Oyvbcl'y qvkqb`bdhb bvekv ikllbqycy$& -&Rsbhvbdx& -Bsyxvblob/, Ycqx$ 2?0?, q$60/$ Qb`c | 218
Gcpoym moyxkv xcbimcv Qbslb Mebd kj Iklsefob Sdozcvyox mby kfycvzch7 &Poxm vc`bvh xk Oyvbcl, xmc Mklkisbyx eb fc sych xk jkvcyxbll qkloxoibl ivoxoioye bdh ysqqvcyy hcfbxc> ox vcodjkvicy xmc ycdyc kj Gcpy by bd cxcvdbll fclcb`scvch qckqlc pmk ibd vcl jkv xmcov hcjcdyc kdl sqkd xmceyclzcy$ Xmc odzkibxokd kj xmc ysjjcvod` cdhsvch f xmc Gcpy sdhcv xmc Dbwoy kjxcd xbncy xmc qlbic kj vbxokdbl bv`secdx, bdh oy c}qcixch xk ikdzodic hksfxcvy kj xmc lc`oxoebi kj isvvcdx Oyvbclo `kzcvdecdx qkloi$& -'Dcp _kvn Xoecy Eb`bwodc', Ycqx$ 28, 2?=1, q$ 0?/$ Kdc ebgkv vcbykd xmbx xmc Mklkisbyx yxkv mby qvkzcd yk hsvbflc oy xmbx xmc `kzcvdecdx kj xmc ebgkv qkpcvy blyk mbzc b zcyxch odxcvcyx od ebodxbodod` ox$ Xmc zoixkvoksy qkpcvy kj xmc Ycikdh Pkvlh Pbv %% xmc Sdoxch Yxbxcy, xmc Ykzocx Sdokd bdh Fvoxobd %% mbzc b yxbnc od qkvxvbod` xmc hcjcbxch Moxlcv vc`oec by dc`bxozcl by qkyyoflc$ Xmc ekvc czol bdh ybxbdoi xmc Moxlcv vc`oec bqqcbvy, xmc ekvc dkflc bdh gsyxojoch yccey xmc Blloch ibsyc$ Jkv ebd Gcpy, xmc Mklkibsyx mby fcikec fkxm b jlksvoymod` fsoydcyy bdh b nodh kj dcp vclo`okd, by dkxch Gcpoym bsxmkv bdh dcpyqbqcv qsfloymcv Gbikfk Xoecvebd qkodxy ksx od moy fkkn, 'Xmc Lkd`cyx Pbv$' Mc vcqkvxy xmbx ebd Oyvbcloy, syod` xmc pkvh Ymkbm, pmoim oy Mcfvcp jkv Mklkibsyx, gknc xmbx &Xmcvc'y dk fsyodcyy lonc Ymkbm fsyodcyy$& -'Xmc Lkd`cyx Pbv', -Dcp _kvn7 Zodxb`c, 2?=6/, q$ 23/$ Xmc Mklkibsyx echob ibeqbo`d qkvxvby Gcpy by xkxbll oddkicdx zoixoey, bdh dkd%Gcpy by ekvxbll vcxbvhch bdh sdvclobflc fcod`y pmk ibd cbyol xsvd odxk esvhcvksy Dbwoy sdhcv xmc vo`mx ioviseyxbdicy$ Xmoy yclj%ycvzod` fsx hoyxkvxch qkvxvbbl `vcbxl yxvcd`xmcdy Gcpoym `vksq yklohbvox bdh yclj%bpbvcdcyy$ B nc lcyykd kj xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv jkv Gcpy oy xmbx dkd%Gcpy bvc dczcv ikeqlcxcl xvsyxpkvxm$ Oj b qckqlc by islxsvch bdh by chsibxch by xmc @cvebdy ikslh xsvd b`bodyx xmc Gcpy, yk xmc xmodnod` `kcy, xmbd ysvcl dk dkd%Gcpoym dbxokd ibd czcv fc ikeqlcxcl xvsyxch$ Xmc Mklkibsyx ecyyb`c oy xmsy kdc kj ikdxceqx jkv msebdox$
Mklkibsyx Mbxcekd`cvod` Xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv oy ykecxoecy sch xk qvkekxc mbxvch bdh mkyxolox, qbvxoislbvl b`bodyx xmc @cvebd qckqlc by b pmklc, cbyxcvd Csvkqcbdy bdh xmc lcbhcvymoq kj xmc Vkebd Ibxmkloi imsvim$ Xmc pcll%ndkpd Gcpoym pvoxcv, Cloc Pocycl, oy b jkvecv Bsyimpoxw odebxc pmk ycvzch by imbovebd kj xmc kjjoibl S$Y$ Mklkibsyx Ecekvobl Iksdiol$ Mc vcioczch xmc 2?=: Dkfcl Qcbic Qvowc$ Xmoy hchoibxch Wokdoyx pvkxc od moy fkkn, 'Lc`cdhy kj Ksv Xoec'7 &Czcv Gcp, ykecpmcvc od moy fcod`, ymkslh ycx bqbvx b wkdc kj mbxc %% mcblxm, zovolc mbxc %% jkv pmbx xmc @cvebd qcvykdojocy bdh jkv pmbx qcvyoyxy od xmc @cvebd$& -'Lc`cdhy kj Ksv Xoec' -Dcp _kvn7 Yimkincd Fkkny, 2?=6/ imbq$ 26, q$ 286/$
Lcx Fkxm Yohcy Fc Mcbvh Jkv yczcvbl cbvy dkp, xmc Mklkibsyx yxkv mby fccd xmc ysfgcix kj lc`oxoebxc ikdxvkzcvy od Csvkqc$ Ox pby hcfbxch jkv yczcvbl mksvy kd Ypoyy xclczoyokd bdh kzcv Jvcdim dbxokdbl vbhok$ Xmc vcyqcixch Oxblobd moyxkvoibl gksvdbl &Yxkvob Ollsyxvbxb& mby `ozcd c}xcdyozc ikzcvb`c xk fkxm yohcy kj xmoy oyysc$ Mcvc od Becvoib, xmks`m, qkpcvjsl kv`bdowbxokdy mbzc yk jbv qvczcdxch bd vcbl qsfloi c}imbd`c kj zocpy kd xmoy oyysc$ Ebd xmks`mxjsl Becvoibdy bvc mbzod` `vkpod` hksfxy bfksx bx lcbyx ykec kj xmc ekvc ycdybxokdbl Mklkibsyx ilboey, fsx bll xmc qsfloi czcv yccy bdh mcbvy oy xmc kvxmkhk} zocp kj xmc c}xcveodbxokd yxkv$ Xmbx'y dkx vo`mx$ Becvoibdy mbzc xmc vo`mx xk gsh`c xmoy oeqkvxbdx oyysc jkv xmceyclzcy$
Od yseebxokd7 Xmc Mklkibsyx c}xcveodbxokd yxkv oy fvcbnod` hkpd by ysqqvcyych czohcdic fcikecy fcxxcv ndkpd, bdh by ekvc qckqlc fcikec bpbvc kj xmc jbixy bfksx pmbx oy icvxbodl xmc ekyx mqch bdh qkloxoiowch imbqxcv kj ekhcvd moyxkv$ Bvxojoiobll ebodxbodod` xmc mbxvchy bdh qbyyokdy kj xmc qbyx qvczcdxy `cdsodc vcikdiolobxokd bdh lbyxod` qcbic$ Vczoyokdoye qvkekxcy moyxokvoibl bpbvcdcyy bdh odxcvdbxokdbl sdhcvyxbdhod`$ Xmbx'y pm xmc pkvn kj xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp oy yk oeqkvxbdx bdh hcycvzcy ksv ysqqkvx$ Qb`c | 213
Bfksx xmc Bsxmkv7 Ebvn Pcfcv oy choxkv kj xmc 'OMV Dcpylcxxcv' bdh byykiobxc choxkv kj xmc 'Gksvdbl kj Moyxkvoibl Vczocp', fkxm qsfloymch f xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp$ Mc yxshoch moyxkv bx xmc Sdozcvyox kj Ollodkoy -Imoib`k/, xmc Sdozcvyox kj Esdoim, Qkvxlbdh yxbxc Sdozcvyox, bdh Odhobdb Sdozcvyox -E$B$, 2?00/$ Jkv jozc hby od Ebvim 2?==, mc xcyxojoch by b vcik`dowch c}qcvx poxdcyy kd xmc &Jodbl Yklsxokd& bdh xmc Mklkibsyx oyysc od b Xkvkdxk Hoyxvoix Iksvx ibyc$ Mc oy xmc bsvxmkv kj ebd qsfloymch bvxoilcy, vczocpy bdh cyyby kd zbvoksy byqcixy kj ekhcvd Csvkqcbd moyxkv$
Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp Q$K$Fk} 609? Dcpqkvx Fcbim, IB ?6:3?
:: Rscyxokdy kd xmc Mklkibsyx Vcbh xmcyc rscyxokdy$ Oj ks pkslh lonc xmc bdypcvy ycdh b yxbeqch bhhvcyych cdzclkqc xk xmc ODYXOXSXC JKV MOYXKVOIBL VCZOCP, 2=66 2+6 Dcpqkvx Flzh$, Ysoxc 2?2, Ikyxb Ecyb IB ?6:60 SYB$ 2$ Pmbx qvkkj c}oyxy xmbx xmc Dbwoy qvbixoich `cdkiohc kv hclofcvbxcl nollch yo} eollokd$ Gcpy; 6$
Pmbx czohcdic c}oyxy xmbx yo} eollokd Gcpy pcvc dkx nollch f xmc Dbwoy;
9$ Hoh Yoekd Pocycdxmbl kdic yxbxc od pvoxod` xmbx &xmcvc pcvc dk c}xcveodbxokd ibeqy kd @cvebd ykol; 8$ Oj Hbimbs pby od @cvebd bdh czcd Yoekd Pocycdxmbl yby xmbx ox pby dkx bd c}xcveodbxokd ibeq, pm hk xmksybdhy kj zcxcvbdy od Becvoib yb xmbx ox pby bd c}xcveodbxokd ibeq; 3$ Bsyimpoxw pby od Qklbdh, dkx @cvebd$ Oy xmcvc bd qvkkj xmbx `by imbefcvy jkv xmc qsvqkyc kj nollod` msebd fcod`y c}oyxch bx kv od Bsyimpoxw; :$
Oj Bsyimpoxw pbyd'x b &hcbxm ibeq,& pmbx pby ox'y xvsc qsvqkyc;
0$
Pmk ycx sq xmc jovyx ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy, bdh pmcvc bdh pmcd;
=$ Mkp hoh @cvebd ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy hojjcv jvke Becvoib vclkibxokd ibeqy pmoim odxcvdch Gbqbdcyc%@cvebd%bdh Oxblobd%Becvoibdy hsvod` P$P$OO; ?$
Pm hoh xmc @cvebd odxcvd Gcpy od ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy;
21$ Pmbx c}xcdyozc ecbysvc hoh pkvlh Gcpv sdhcvxbnc b`bodyx @cvebd by cbvl by 2?99; 22$
Hoh xmc Gcpy kj xmc pkvlh &hcilbvc pbv kd @cvebd;&
26$
Pby xmoy fcjkvc kv bjxcv xmc vsekvy kj xmc &hcbxm ibeqy& fc`bd;
29$
Pmbx dbxokd oy ivchoxch poxm fcod` xmc jovyx xk qvbixoic ebyy iozolobd fkefod`;
28$
Mkp ebd `by imbefcvy xk noll qckqlc pcvc xmcvc bx Bsyimpoxw;
23$ Mkp ebd Gcpy pcvc od bvcby xmbx ibec xk fc ikdxvkllch f xmc @cvebdy fcjkvc xmc pbv; 2:$ xmce; 20$
Oj xmc Gcpy kj Csvkqc pcvc dkx c}xcveodbxch f xmc Dbwoy, pmbx mbqqcdch xk Mkp ebd Gcpy jlch xk hccq poxmod xmc Ykzocx Sdokd; Qb`c | 21:
2=$ Mkp ebd Gcpy ceo`vbxch qvokv xk xmc pbv, xmsy fcod` ksxyohc kj @cvebd vcbim; 2?$ Oj Bsyimpoxw pby dkx bd c}xcveodbxokd ibeq, pm hoh xmc ikeebdhbdx, Vshklj Mkcyy, ikdjcyy xmbx ox pby; 61$ Oy xmcvc bd czohcdic xmbx ox pby Becvoibd, Fvoxoym, Jvcdim, bdh Ykzocx qkloi xk xkvxsvc @cvebd qvoykdcvy od kvhcv xk c}bix ikdjcyyokdy fcjkvc xmc xvobly bx Dsvcefcv` bdh clycpmcvc; 62$
Mkp hkcy xmc &Mklkibsyx& yxkv fcdcjox xmc Gcpy xkhb;
66$
Mkp hkcy ox fcdcjox xmc Yxbxc kj Oyvbcl;
69$
Mkp hkcy ox fcdcjox ebd Imvoyxobd ilcv`;
68$
Mkp hkcy ox fcdcjox xmc Ikeesdoyxy;
63$
Mkp hkcy ox fcdcjox Fvoxbod;
6:$
Oy xmcvc bd czohcdic xmbx Moxlcv ndcp kj b ebyy c}xcveodbxokd kj Gcpy;
60$
Pmbx nodh kj `by pby sych f xmc Dbwoy od ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy;
6=$
Jkv pmbx qsvqkyc pby, bdh oy, xmoy `by ebdsjbixsvch;
6?$
Pm hoh xmc syc xmoy odyxcbh kj b `by ekvc ysoxbflc jkv ebyy c}xcveodbxokd;
91$
Mkp lkd` hkcy ox xbnc xk zcdxolbxc jsll bd bvcb jseo`bxch f Wnlkd%F;
92$ Bsyimpoxw ikeebdhbdx Mkcyy yboh xmbx moy ecd pkslh cdxcv xmc `by imbefcv xcd eodsxcy bjxcv xmc Gcpy mbh hoch bdh vcekzc xmce$ Mkp hk ks c}qlbod xmoy; 96$ Mkcyy yboh od moy ikdjcyyokd xmbx moy ecd pkslh yeknc io`bvcxxcy by xmc qsllch xmc hcbh Gcpy ksx kj xmc `by imbefcvy xcd eodsxcy bjxcv `byyod`$ Oyd'x Wnlkd%F c}qlkyozc; 99$
Pmbx pby xmc c}bix qvkichsvc xmc Dbwoy bllc`chl sych xk c}xcveodbxc Gcpy;
98$ Mkp ikslh ysim b ebyy qvk`vbe mbzc fccd ncqx ycivcx jvke Gcpy pmk pcvc yimchslch jkv c}xcveodbxokd; 93$ Oj Gcpy yimchslch jkv c}cisxokd ndcp xmc jbxc od yxkvc jkv xmce, pm hoh xmc `k xk xmcov hcbxmy poxmksx jo`mx kv qvkxcyx; 9:$
Bfksx mkp ebd Gcpy hoch od xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy;
90$
Mkp hoh xmc hoc;
9=$
Pmbx oy xqmsy;
9?$ Pmbx oy xmc hojjcvcdic oj yo} eollokd kv 911,111 Gcpy hoch hsvod` xmoy bpcykec qcvokh; 81$ Ebd Gcpoym ysvzozkvy kj xmc &hcbxm ibeqy& yb xmc ybp fkhocy fcod` qolch sq od qoxy bdh fsvdch$ Mkp esim `byklodc pkslh mbzc xk fc sych xk qcvjkve xmoy; 82$
Ibd fkhocy fc fsvdch od qoxy;
86$ &Mklkibsyx& bsxmkvy ilboe xmbx xmc Dbwoy pcvc bflc xk ivcebxc fkhocy od bfksx 21 eodsxcy$ Mkp lkd` hkcy ox xbnc xk odiodcvbxc kdc fkh biikvhod` xk qvkjcyyokdbl ivcebxkv kqcvbxkvy; 89$
Pm hoh xmc ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy mbzc ivcebxkv kzcdy;
Qb`c | 210
88$ @ozcd b 211 -xk xmc :xm qkpcv/ hsx iilc kj bll xmc ivcebxkvob od bll xmc ibeqy od @cvebd%ikdxvkllch xcvvoxkv, pmbx oy xmc eb}oese dsefcv kj ikvqycy ox pkslh mbzc fccd qkyyoflc xk odiodcvbxc hsvod` xmc cdxovc qcvokh ysim ivcebxkvy pcvc kqcvbxod`; 83$
Ibd b ivcebxkv kzcd fc kqcvbxch 211 -xk xmc :xm qkpcv/ kj xmc xoec;
8:$
Mkp esim bym oy lcjx jvke b ivcebxch ikvqyc;
80$ Oj yo} eollokd qckqlc mbh fccd odiodcvbxch f xmc Dbwoy, pmbx mbqqcdch xk xmc bymcy; 8=$ Hk Blloch pbvxoec qmkxky kj Bsyimpoxw -hsvod` xmc qcvokh pmcd xmc &`by imbefcvy& bdh ivcebxkvob pcvc ysqqkych xk fc od jsll kqcvbxokd/ vczcbl `by imbefcvy; 8?$
Pmbx pby xmc ebod qvkzoyokd kj xmc @cvebd &Dsvcefcv` lbpy& kj 2?93;
31$
Pcvc xmcvc bd Becvoibd qvcichcdxy jkv xmc Dsvcefcv` Lbpy;
32$ Pmbx hoh xmc Odxcvdbxokdbl Vch Ivkyy mbzc xk vcqkvx poxm vc`bvh xk xmc &Mklkibsyx& rscyxokd; 36$ Pmbx pby xmc vklc kj xmc Zbxoibd hsvod` xmc xoec xmc yo} eollokd Gcpy pcvc bllc`ch xk mbzc fccd c}xcveodbxch; 39$
Pmbx czohcdic oy xmcvc xmbx Moxlcv ndcp kj xmc kd`kod` Gcpoym c}xcveodbxokd;
38$
Hoh xmc Dbwoy bdh xmc Wokdoyxy ikllbfkvbxc;
33$
Pmbx ibsych Bddc Jvbdn'y hcbxm gsyx yczcvbl pccny fcjkvc xmc cdh kj xmc pbv;
3:$
Oy xmc Bddc Jvbdn Hobv `cdsodc;
30$ Pmbx bfksx xmc dsecvksy qmkxk`vbqmy bdh jkkxb`c xbncd od xmc @cvebd ikdicdxvbxokd ibeqy ymkpod` qolcy kj cebiobxch ikvqycy; Bvc xmcyc jbnch; 3=$
Pmk kvo`odbxch xmc xcve &`cdkiohc&;
3?$
Pcvc joley ysim by 'Mklkibsyx' bdh 'Xmc Podhy kj Pbv' hkisecdxbv joley;
:1$ Bfksx mkp ebd fkkny mbzc fccd qsfloymch pmoim vcjsxc ykec byqcix kj xmc yxbdhbvh ilboey ebhc bfksx xmc &Mklkibsyx&; :2$ Pmbx mbqqcdch pmcd b moyxkvoibl odyxoxsxc kjjcvch (31,111 xk bdkdc pmk ikslh qvkzc xmbx Gcpy pcvc `byych bx Bsyimpoxw; :6$ Pmbx bfksx xmc ilboe xmbx xmkyc pmk rscyxokd xmc &Mklkibsyx& bvc bdxo%Yceoxoi kv Dck%Dbwo; :9$ Pmbx mby mbqqcdch xk xmc moyxkvobdy pmk mbzc rscyxokdch xmc &Mklkibsyx& ebxcvobl; :8$ Mby xmc Odyxoxsxc jkv Moyxkvoibl Vczocp ysjjcvch bd vcxblobxokd jkv oxy cjjkvxy xk sqmklh xmc vo`mx kj jvcchke kj yqccim bdh bibhceoi jvcchke; :3$
Pm oy xmcvc yk loxxlc qsfloiox jkv ksv qkodx kj zocp;
::$ Pmcvc ibd O `cx ekvc odjkvebxokd bfksx xmc &kxmcv yohc& kj xmc &Mklkibsyx& yxkv by pcll by jbixy ikdicvdod` kxmcv bvcby kj P$P$OO Moyxkvoibl Vczoyokdoye; Oj ks pkslh lonc xmc bdypcvy ycdh b yxbeqch bhhvcyych cdzclkqc xk xmc ODYXOXSXC JKV MOYXKVOIBL VCZOCP, 2=66 2+6 Dcpqkvx Flzh$, Ysoxc 2?2, Ikyxb Ecyb IB ?6:60 mxxq7++ppp$foflcfcloczcvy$kv`$bs+mklkmkb}$mxe Qb`c | 21=
